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David-Bercholz J, Acker L, Caceres AI, Wu PY, Goenka S, Franklin NO, Rodriguiz RM, Wetsel WC, Devinney M, Wright MC, Zetterberg H, Yang T, Berger M, Terrando N. Conserved YKL-40 changes in mice and humans after postoperative delirium. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 26:100555. [PMID: 36457825 PMCID: PMC9706140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Delirium is a common postoperative neurologic complication among older adults. Despite its prevalence (14%-50%) and likely association with inflammation, the exact mechanisms that underpin postoperative delirium are unclear. This project aimed to characterize systemic and central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory changes following surgery in mice and humans. Matched plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from the "Investigating Neuroinflammation Underlying Postoperative Brain Connectivity Changes, Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction, Delirium in Older Adults" (INTUIT; NCT03273335) study were compared to murine endpoints. Delirium-like behavior was evaluated in aged mice using the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Test (5-CSRTT). Using a well established orthopedic surgical model in the FosTRAP reporter mouse we detected neuronal changes in the prefrontal cortex, an area implicated in attention, but notably not in the hippocampus. In aged mice, plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels increased after orthopedic surgery, but hippocampal YKL-40 expression was decreased. Given the growing evidence for a YKL-40 role in delirium and other neurodegenerative conditions, we assayed human plasma and CSF samples. Plasma YKL-40 levels were similarly increased after surgery, with a trend toward a greater postoperative plasma YKL-40 increase in patients with delirium. However, YKL-40 levels in CSF decreased following surgery, which paralleled the findings in the mouse brain. Finally, we confirmed changes in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as early as 9 h after surgery in mice, which warrants more detailed and acute evaluations of BBB integrity following surgery in humans. Together, these results provide a nuanced understanding of neuroimmune interactions underlying postoperative delirium in mice and humans, and highlight translational biomarkers to test potential cellular targets and mechanisms.
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Key Words
- 4-OHT, 4-hydroxytamoxifen
- 5-CSRTT, 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Test
- AD, Alzheimer’s disease
- Aging
- Attention
- BBB, blood-brain barrier
- Biomarkers
- CAM, Confusion AssessmentMethod
- CNS, central nervous system
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- Delirium
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- MMSE, mini-mental status exam
- NfL, neurofilament light chain
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- PLC, prelimbic cortex
- ROI, regions of interest
- SIMOA, single molecule array
- Surgery
- TRAP, Targeted Recombination in Active Populations
- YKL-40
- YKL-40, chitinase-3-like protein 1
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leah Acker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ana I. Caceres
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Pau Yen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Saanvi Goenka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nathan O. Franklin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ramona M. Rodriguiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - William C. Wetsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael Devinney
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Mary Cooter Wright
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Miles Berger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Niccolò Terrando
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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Dolgetta A, Johnson M, Fruitman K, Siegel L, Zhou Y, McEwen BS, Kreek MJ, Milner TA. Sex and chronic stress alter the distribution of glutamate receptors within rat hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells following oxycodone conditioned place preference. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 17:100431. [PMID: 35535260 PMCID: PMC9076964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate receptors have a key role in the neurobiology of opioid addiction. Using electron microscopic immunocytochemical methods, this project elucidates how sex and chronic immobilization stress (CIS) impact the redistribution of GluN1 and GluA1 within rat hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells following oxycodone (Oxy) conditioned place preference (CPP). Four groups of female and male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to CPP were used: Saline- (Sal) and Oxy-injected (3 mg/kg, I.P.) naïve rats; and Sal- and Oxy-injected CIS rats. GluN1: In both naive and CIS rats, Sal-females compared to Sal-males had elevated cytoplasmic and total dendritic GluN1. Following Oxy CPP, near plasmalemmal, cytoplasmic, and total GluN1 decreased in CA3 dendrites of unstressed females suggesting reduced pools of GluN1 available for ligand binding. Following CIS, Oxy-males (which did not acquire CPP) had increased GluN1 in all compartments of dendrites and spines of CA3 neurons. GluA1: There were no differences in the distribution GluA1 in any cellular compartments of CA3 dendrites in naïve females and males following either Sal or Oxy CPP. CIS alone increased the percent of GluA1 in CA3 dendritic spines in males compared to females. CIS Oxy-males compared to CIS Sal-males had an increase in cytoplasmic and total dendritic GluA1. Thus, in CIS Oxy-males increased pools of GluN1 and GluA1 are available for ligand binding in CA3 neurons. Together with our prior experiments, these changes in GluN1 and GluA1 following CIS in males may contribute to an increased sensitivity of CA3 neurons to glutamate excitation and a reduced capacity to acquire Oxy CPP.
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Key Words
- ABC, avidin-biotin complex
- AMPA receptors
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CIS, chronic immobilization stress
- CPP, conditioned place preference
- DAB, diaminobenzidine
- DG, dentate gyrus
- DOR, delta opioid receptor
- Drug associative-learning
- Electron microscopy
- GABA, Gamma-amino butyric acid
- GluA1, AMPA glutamate receptor subunit 1
- GluN1, NMDA, glutamate receptor subunit 1
- LTP, long-term potentiation
- MOR, mu opioid receptor
- NMDA receptors
- NMDA, N-methyl-D-aspartate
- NPY, neuropeptide Y
- Oxy, oxycodone
- PARV, parvalbumin
- PB, phosphate buffer
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- PM, plasma membrane
- Pyramidal cells
- ROI, region of interest
- SLM, stratum lacunosum-moleculare
- SLu, stratum lucidum
- SO, stratum oriens
- SOM, somatostatin
- SR, stratum radiatum
- Sal, saline
- TS, tris-buffered saline
- ir, immunoreactivity
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Dolgetta
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Megan Johnson
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Kate Fruitman
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Luke Siegel
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Bruce S. McEwen
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Teresa A. Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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Sun D, Zou Y, Song L, Han S, Yang H, Chu D, Dai Y, Ma J, O'Driscoll CM, Yu Z, Guo J. A cyclodextrin-based nanoformulation achieves co-delivery of ginsenoside Rg3 and quercetin for chemo-immunotherapy in colorectal cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:378-393. [PMID: 35127393 PMCID: PMC8799998 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune checkpoint blockade therapy has profoundly revolutionized the field of cancer immunotherapy. However, despite great promise for a variety of cancers, the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors is still low in colorectal cancer (CRC). This is mainly due to the immunosuppressive feature of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Emerging evidence reveals that certain chemotherapeutic drugs induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), demonstrating great potential for remodeling the immunosuppressive TME. In this study, the potential of ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) as an ICD inducer against CRC cells was confirmed using in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches. The ICD efficacy of Rg3 could be significantly enhanced by quercetin (QTN) that elicited reactive oxygen species (ROS). To ameliorate in vivo delivery barriers associated with chemotherapeutic drugs, a folate (FA)-targeted polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticle (NP) was developed for co-encapsulation of Rg3 and QTN. The resultant nanoformulation (CD-PEG-FA.Rg3.QTN) significantly prolonged blood circulation and enhanced tumor targeting in an orthotopic CRC mouse model, resulting in the conversion of immunosuppressive TME. Furthermore, the CD-PEG-FA.Rg3.QTN achieved significantly longer survival of animals in combination with Anti-PD-L1. The study provides a promising strategy for the treatment of CRC.
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Key Words
- ATF6, activating transcription factor 6
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- CI, combination index
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- CRT, calreticulin
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4
- CXCL10, C-X-C motif chemokine 10
- CXCL9, C-X-C motif chemokine 9
- Chemotherapy
- Colorectal cancer
- Combination therapy
- DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns
- DCs, dendritic cells
- ECL, enhanced chemiluminescence
- EE, encapsulation efficiency
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FA, folate
- HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1
- ICD, immunogenic cell death
- IFN-γ, interferon-gamma
- IL-10, interleukin-10
- IL-12, interleukin-12
- IL-4, interleukin-4
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- IRE1, inositol-requiring enzyme 1
- Immunogenic cell death
- Immunotherapy
- LC, loading capacity
- MDSCs, myeloid derived suppressor cells
- MMR, mismatch repair
- MR, molar ratio
- NAC, N-acetyl-l-cysteine
- NP, nanoparticle
- Nano drug delivery system
- PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PERK, PKR-like ER kinase
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride
- QTN, quercetin
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactive oxygen species
- TAAs, tumor-associated antigens
- TME, tumor microenvironment
- Tumor microenvironment
- UPR, unfolded protein response
- p-IRE1, phosphorylation of IRE1
- p-PERK, phosphorylation of PERK
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yifang Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Liu Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shulan Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Di Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yun Dai
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jie Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | | | - Zhuo Yu
- Department of Hepatopathy, Shuguang Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianfeng Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Reißing J, Lutz P, Frissen M, Ibidapo-Obe O, Reuken PA, Wirtz TH, Stengel S, Quickert S, Rooney M, Große K, Zimmermann HW, Trautwein C, Stallmach A, Bruns T. Immunomodulatory receptor VSIG4 is released during spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and predicts short-term mortality. JHEP Rep 2021; 4:100391. [PMID: 34917912 PMCID: PMC8666561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background & Aims V-set Ig-domain-containing 4 (VSIG4) is an immunomodulatory macrophage complement receptor modulating innate and adaptive immunity and affecting the resolution of bacterial infections. Given its expression on peritoneal macrophages (PMs), we hypothesised a prognostic role of peritoneal VSIG4 concentrations in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Methods We isolated PMs from patients with cirrhosis and analysed VSIG4 expression and release by flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR, ELISA, and confocal microscopy. We measured soluble VSIG4 concentrations in ascites from 120 patients with SBP and 40 patients without SBP and investigated the association of soluble VSIG4 in ascites with 90-day survival after SBP using Kaplan–Meier statistics, Cox regression, and competing-risks regression analysis. Results VSIG4 expression was high on resting, large PMs, which co-expressed CD206, CD163, and tyrosine-protein kinase Mer (MERTK). VSIG4 gene expression in PMs decreased in patients with SBP and normalised after resolution. During SBP, VSIG4hi PMs were depleted (25% vs. 57%; p <0.001) and soluble VSIG4 in ascites were higher in patients with SBP than in patients without (0.73 vs. 0.35 μg/ml; p <0.0001). PM activation by Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists or infection with live bacteria in vitro resulted in a loss of surface VSIG4 and the release of soluble VSIG4. Mechanistically, shedding of VSIG4 from PMs was protease-dependent and susceptible to microtubule transport inhibition. Soluble VSIG4 in ascites exceeded serum concentrations and correlated with serum creatinine, model for end-stage liver disease score and C-reactive protein during SBP. Concentrations of 1.0206 μg/ml or higher indicated increased 90-day mortality (hazard ratio 1.70; 95% CI 1.01–2.86; p = 0.046). Conclusions VSIG4 is released from activated PMs into ascites during SBP. Higher peritoneal VSIG4 levels indicate patients with organ failure and poor prognosis. Lay summary Patients with liver cirrhosis who develop ascites have an increased risk of infection and mortality. Our study shows that in patients with infected ascites, the complement receptor VSIG4 is released by resident macrophages into the abdominal fluid where it can be measured. Patients with elevated levels of this protein in ascites are at high risk of dying within 90 days. VSIG4 expression is high on human resting, large peritoneal macrophages (PMs) that co-express CD206, CD163, and MERTK. PM activation by TLR agonists or infection results in the loss of surface VSIG4 and release of soluble VSIG4 (sVSIG4). Ascites sVSIG4 correlates with organ dysfunction and inflammation during SBP. Higher ascitic fluid sVSIG4 concentrations indicated increased risk of 90-day mortality in 120 patients with SBP. Addition of an antibody binding to the extracellular domain of VSIG4 enhanced phagocytosis of bacteria in vitro.
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Key Words
- AF, ascitic fluid
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- Bacterial infection
- Biomarker
- C3, complement component 3
- CCR2, C-C chemokine receptor type 2
- EEA1, early endosome antigen 1
- FCS, foetal calf serum
- FMO, fluorescence minus one
- HLA-DR, human leucocyte antigen-DR isotype
- IMC, isotype-matched control
- INR, international normalised ratio
- LAMP2, lysosome-associated membrane protein 2
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MACS, magnet-activated cell sorting
- MELD, model for end-stage liver disease
- MERTK, tyrosine-protein kinase Mer
- MFI, median fluorescence intensity
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- MOI, multiplicity of infection
- MPLA, monophosphoryl lipid A
- PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular pattern
- PD-L1, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- PM, peritoneal macrophage
- Prognostic factor
- Risk of death
- SBP, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
- TAPI-2, tumour necrosis factor protease inhibitor 2
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumour necrosis factor
- VSIG4, V-set Ig-domain-containing 4
- qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR
- sVSIG4, soluble V-set Ig-domain-containing 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Reißing
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp Lutz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mick Frissen
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Oluwatomi Ibidapo-Obe
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp A. Reuken
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Theresa H. Wirtz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sven Stengel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Quickert
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Rooney
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Karsten Große
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henning W. Zimmermann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Stallmach
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Tony Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Corresponding author. Address: Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany. Tel.: +49-241-80-80-866; Fax: +49-3641-9-32-42-22
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5
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Remya C, Dileep KV, Koti Reddy E, Mantosh K, Lakshmi K, Sarah Jacob R, Sajith AM, Jayadevi Variyar E, Anwar S, Zhang KYJ, Sadasivan C, Omkumar RV. Neuroprotective derivatives of tacrine that target NMDA receptor and acetyl cholinesterase - Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4517-4537. [PMID: 34471497 PMCID: PMC8379669 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex and multifactorial nature of neuropsychiatric diseases demands multi-target drugs that can intervene with various sub-pathologies underlying disease progression. Targeting the impairments in cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmissions with small molecules has been suggested as one of the potential disease-modifying approaches for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Tacrine, a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the first FDA approved drug for the treatment of AD. Tacrine is also a low affinity antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). However, tacrine was withdrawn from its clinical use later due to its hepatotoxicity. With an aim to develop novel high affinity multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) against AChE and NMDAR, with reduced hepatotoxicity, we performed in silico structure-based modifications on tacrine, chemical synthesis of the derivatives and in vitro validation of their activities. Nineteen such derivatives showed inhibition with IC50 values in the range of 18.53 ± 2.09 – 184.09 ± 19.23 nM against AChE and 0.27 ± 0.05 – 38.84 ± 9.64 μM against NMDAR. Some of the selected compounds also protected rat primary cortical neurons from glutamate induced excitotoxicity. Two of the tacrine derived MTDLs, 201 and 208 exhibited in vivo efficacy in rats by protecting against behavioral impairment induced by administration of the excitotoxic agent, monosodium glutamate. Additionally, several of these synthesized compounds also exhibited promising inhibitory activitiy against butyrylcholinesterase. MTDL-201 was also devoid of hepatotoxicity in vivo. Given the therapeutic potential of MTDLs in disease-modifying therapy, our studies revealed several promising MTDLs among which 201 appears to be a potential candidate for immediate preclinical evaluations.
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Key Words
- AChE, acetylcholinesterase
- AChEIs, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
- AChT, acetylthiocholine
- AD, Alzheimer’s disease
- ADME, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion
- Acetylcholinesterase
- Alzheimer’s disease
- BBB, blood brain barrier
- Ca2+, calcium
- ChE, Cholinesterases
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
- DTNB, 5,5-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)
- ENM, elastic network modeling
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FRET, fluorescence resonance energy transfer
- G6PD, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HBSS, Hank's balanced salt solution
- IP, intraperitoneal
- LBD, Ligand binding domain
- LC-MS, Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- LiCABEDS, Ligand Classifier of Adaptively Boosting Ensemble Decision Stumps
- MAP2, microtubule associated protein 2
- MD, Molecular dynamics
- MTDLs
- MTDLs, multi-target directed ligands
- MWM, Morris water maze
- NBM, neurobasal medium
- NMA, normal mode analysis
- NMDA receptor
- NMDAR, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor
- Neuroprotection
- OPLS, Optimized potential for liquid simulations
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- Polypharmacology
- RMSD, root mean square deviation
- SAR, structure-activity relationships
- SD, standard deviation
- SVM, support vector machine
- Structure-based drug design
- TBI, traumatic brain injury
- TMD, transmembrane domain
- Tacrine
- h-NMDAR, human NMDAR
- hAChE, human AChE
- ppm, parts per million
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandran Remya
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kannur University, Dr. Janaki Ammal Campus, Thalassery, Kerala 670661, India
| | - K V Dileep
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Laboratory for Computational and Structural Biology, Jubilee Center for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala 680005, India
| | - Eeda Koti Reddy
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Sciences and Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Sciences, Technology and Research -VFSTR (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522 213, India
| | - Kumar Mantosh
- Molecular Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Kesavan Lakshmi
- Molecular Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Reena Sarah Jacob
- Molecular Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Ayyiliyath M Sajith
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Kasargod Govt. College, Kannur University, Kasaragod, India
| | - E Jayadevi Variyar
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kannur University, Dr. Janaki Ammal Campus, Thalassery, Kerala 670661, India
| | - Shaik Anwar
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Sciences and Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Sciences, Technology and Research -VFSTR (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522 213, India
| | - Kam Y J Zhang
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - C Sadasivan
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kannur University, Dr. Janaki Ammal Campus, Thalassery, Kerala 670661, India
| | - R V Omkumar
- Molecular Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
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Iskander-Rizk S, Visscher M, Moerman AM, Korteland SA, Van der Heiden K, Van der Steen AF, Van Soest G. Micro Spectroscopic Photoacoustic (μsPA) imaging of advanced carotid atherosclerosis. Photoacoustics 2021; 22:100261. [PMID: 33854946 PMCID: PMC8027769 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven and an inflammatory disease of the artery walls. The composition of atherosclerotic plaque stratifies the risk of a specific plaque to cause a cardiovascular event. In an optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy setup, of 45 μm resolution, we extracted plaque lipid photoacoustic (PA) spectral signatures of human endarterectomy samples in the range of 1150-1240 nm, using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging as a reference. We found plaque PA signals to correlate best with sphingomyelins and cholesteryl esters. PA signal spectral variations within the plaque area were compared to reference molecular patterns and absorption spectra of lipid laboratory standards. Variability in the lipid spectroscopic features extracted by principal component analysis of all samples revealed three distinct components with peaks at: 1164, 1188, 1196 and 1210 nm. This result will guide the development of PA-based atherosclerosis disease staging capitalizing on lipidomics of atherosclerotic tissue.
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Key Words
- Atherosclerosis
- CE, cholesteryl ester
- CEA, carotid endarterectomy
- DG, diacylglycerol
- DHB, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
- ESI, electrospray ionization
- FTICR, fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- Lipids
- MALDI-MSI, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging
- Mass spectrometry imaging
- Microscopy
- NIRS, near-infrared spectroscopy
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PCA
- PCA, principal component analysis
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- SM, sphingomyelin
- Spectroscopy
- TG, triacylglycerol
- WREnS, Waters Research Enabled Software suite
- m/z, mass to charge ratio
- μsPA, Micro Spectroscopic Photoacoustic
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gijs Van Soest
- Corresponding author at: Erasmus Medical Center, Ee-2302, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Lin Z, Xi L, Chen S, Tao J, Wang Y, Chen X, Li P, Wang Z, Zheng Y. Uptake and trafficking of different sized PLGA nanoparticles by dendritic cells in imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mice model. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1047-1055. [PMID: 33996416 PMCID: PMC8105876 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease, where dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in its pathogenesis. In our previous work, we have demonstrated that topical delivery of curcumin-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) could treat Imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like mice. The objective of this study is to further elucidate biofate of PLGA NPs after intradermal delivery including DCs uptake, and their further trafficking in psoriasis-like mice model by using fluorescence probes. Two-sized DiO/DiI-loaded PLGA NPs of 50 ± 4.9 nm (S-NPs) and 226 ± 7.8 nm (L-NPs) were fabricated, respectively. In vitro cellular uptake results showed that NPs could be internalized into DCs with intact form, and DCs preferred to uptake larger NPs. Consistently, in vivo study showed that L-NPs were more captured by DCs and NPs were firstly transported to skin-draining lymph nodes (SDLN), then to spleens after 8 h injection, whereas more S-NPs were transported into SDLN and spleens. Moreover, FRET imaging showed more structurally intact L-NPs distributed in skins and lymph nodes. In conclusion, particle size can affect the uptake and trafficking of NPs by DCs in skin and lymphoid system, which needs to be considered in NPs tailing to treat inflammatory skin disease like psoriasis.
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Key Words
- APCs, antigen-presenting cells
- Biofate
- CLSM, confocal laser scanning microscope
- DCs, dendritic cells
- DMF, dimethylformamide
- Dendritic cells
- DiI, 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate
- DiO, 3,3′-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate
- Fluorescence
- Fluorescence resonance energy transfer
- Lymphoid organs
- MLN, mesenteric lymph nodes
- NPs, nanoparticles
- PDI, polydispersity index
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- PLGA nanoparticles
- Psoriasis
- SDLN, skin-draining lymph nodes
- Uptake and trafficking
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Long Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Shaokui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Jinsong Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated with Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated with Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhenping Wang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
- Corresponding author. Fax: +853 28841358.
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Nozaki M, Otomo A, Mitsui S, Ono S, Shirakawa R, Chen Y, Hama Y, Sato K, Chen X, Suzuki T, Shang HF, Hadano S. SQSTM1 L341V variant that is linked to sporadic ALS exhibits impaired association with MAP1LC3 in cultured cells. eNeurologicalSci 2020; 22:100301. [PMID: 33319079 PMCID: PMC7723791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2020.100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are genetically, pathologically and clinically-related progressive neurodegenerative diseases. Thus far, several SQSTM1 variations have been identified in patients with ALS and FTD. However, it remains unclear how SQSTM1 variations lead to neurodegeneration. To address this issue, we investigated the effects of ectopic expression of SQSTM1 variants, which were originally identified in Japanese and Chinese sporadic ALS patients, on the cellular viability, their intracellular distributions and the autophagic activity in cultured cells. Expression of SQSTM1 variants in PC12 cells exerted no observable effects on viabilities under both normal and oxidative-stressed conditions. Further, although expression of SQSTM1 variants in PC12 cells and Sqstm1-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts resulted in the formation of numerous granular SQSTM1-positive structures, called SQSTM1-bodies, their intracellular distributions were indistinguishable from those of wild-type SQSTM1. Nonetheless, quantitative colocalization analysis of SQSTM1-bodies with MAP1LC3 demonstrated that among ALS-linked SQSTM1 variants, L341V variant showed the significantly lower level of colocalization. However, there were no consistent effects on the autophagic activities among the variants examined. These results suggest that although some ALS-linked SQSTM1 variations have a discernible effect on the intracellular distribution of SQSTM1-bodies, the impacts of other variations on the cellular homeostasis are rather limited at least under transiently-expressed conditions. Ectopic expression of ALS-linked SQSTM1 variants does not affect cell viability. Ectopic expression of SQSTM1 in cells results in formation of SQSTM1-body. Ectopic expression of SQSTM1 in cells has marginal impacts on the autophagic activity. SQSTM1L341V variant exhibits impaired association with LC3 in cultured cells.
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Key Words
- ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
- Autophagy
- CCCP, carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone
- CI, complete protease inhibitor
- CQ, chloroquine
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride
- DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- EBSS, Earle's Balanced Salt Solution
- Frontotemporal dementia (FTD)
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- HA, hemagglutinin
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- IPTG, isopropyl thio-beta-D-galactoside
- MAP1LC3/LC3
- MEF, mouse embryonic fibroblast
- MND, motor neuron disease
- NGS, normal goat serum
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- PVDF, polyvinylidene difluoride
- RT, room temperature
- SBMA, spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SQSTM1
- SQSTM1/p62-body
- WT, wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahisa Nozaki
- Molecular Neuropathobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Asako Otomo
- Molecular Neuropathobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
- Micro/Nano Technology Center, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Shun Mitsui
- Molecular Neuropathobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Suzuka Ono
- Molecular Neuropathobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Ryohei Shirakawa
- Molecular Neuropathobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - YongPing Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yutaro Hama
- Molecular Neuropathobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Kai Sato
- Molecular Neuropathobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - XuePing Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Toshiyasu Suzuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Hui-Fang Shang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shinji Hadano
- Molecular Neuropathobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
- Micro/Nano Technology Center, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
- Research Center for Brain and Nervous Diseases, Tokai University Graduate School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
- Corresponding author at: Molecular Neuropathobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
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Petre A, Balta C, Herman H, Gharbia S, Codreanu A, Onita-Mladin B, Anghel-Zurbau N, Hermenean AG, Ignat SR, Dinescu S, Urzica I, Drafta S, Oancea L, Hermenean A. A novel experimental approach to evaluate guided bone regeneration (GBR) in the rat femur using a 3D-printed CAD/CAM zirconia space-maintaining barrier. J Adv Res 2020; 28:221-229. [PMID: 33364058 PMCID: PMC7753221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obtaining a certain bone volume is an important goal in implantology or orthopedics. Thus, after tooth extraction, quite a lot of horizontal and vertical alveolar bone is lost in time and can be detrimental to the implant treatment outcome, while the treatment of critical bone defects is a considerable challenge for surgery. Objectives In this study we designed a new in vivo model as an useful experimental tool to assess guided bone regeneration (GBR) using a computer-aided design/manufacturing (CAD-CAM) space-maintaining barrier. Methods The barrier was 3D printed with three progressive heights, surgically placed on rat femur, and GBR results were analyzed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks by X-ray and bone mineral density analysis, histology/morphometry and by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry for osteogenesis and angiogenesis evaluation. Results The obtained results show that the proposed experimental model provides a real-time useful information on progressive bone tissue formation, which depends on the volume of isolated space created for GBR and on molecular events that lead to satisfactory vertical and horizontal bone augmentation and osteointegration. Conclusion In conclusion, the proposed customized three-dome space-maintaining barrier is suitable as an experimental tool to assess the potential of using the designed barriers in dentistry and orthopedics to promote the formation of new bone and determine their space- and time-dependent limitations. Meanwhile, guided bone augmentation for dentistry requires subsequent evaluation on an alveolar bone preclinical model followed by clinical implementation.
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Key Words
- Bioengineering
- Bone regeneration
- Bone remodeling
- CAD/CAM, computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- Dentistry
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GBR, guided bone regeneration
- Guided tissue regeneration
- IVC, individually ventilated cage
- OCN, osteocalcin
- OPN, osteopontin
- OSX, osterix
- Orthodontics
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PCL, poly(e-caprolactone)
- PDGFRβ, platelet-derived growth factor receptor β
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- PGA, poly(glycolic acid)
- PLA, poly(lactic acid)
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
- Zirconia
- ePTFE, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Petre
- Occlusion and Fixed Prosthodontic Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cornel Balta
- "Aurel Ardelean" Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Romania
| | - Hildegard Herman
- "Aurel Ardelean" Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Romania
| | - Sami Gharbia
- "Aurel Ardelean" Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Romania.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ada Codreanu
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Romania
| | - Bianca Onita-Mladin
- "Aurel Ardelean" Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Anghel-Zurbau
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Romania
| | - Andrei-Gelu Hermenean
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona-Rebeca Ignat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorina Dinescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iuliana Urzica
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Lasers Department, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sergiu Drafta
- Occlusion and Fixed Prosthodontic Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luminita Oancea
- Occlusion and Fixed Prosthodontic Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Hermenean
- "Aurel Ardelean" Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Romania.,Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Romania.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Romania
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10
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Kim DG, Kim HJ, Choi SH, Nam SM, Kim HC, Rhim H, Cho IH, Rhee MH, Nah SY. Gintonin influences the morphology and motility of adult brain neurons via LPA receptors. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:401-407. [PMID: 34025133 PMCID: PMC8134845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gintonin is an exogenous ginseng-derived G-protein-coupled lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand. LPA induces in vitro morphological changes and migration through neuronal LPA1 receptor. Recently, we reported that systemic administration of gintonin increases blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability via the paracellular pathway and its binding to brain neurons. However, little is known about the influences of gintonin on in vivo neuron morphology and migration in the brain. Materials and methods We examined the effects of gintonin on in vitro migration and morphology using primary hippocampal neural precursor cells (hNPC) and in vivo effects of gintonin on adult brain neurons using real time microscopic analysis and immunohistochemical analysis to observe the morphological and locational changes induced by gintonin treatment. Results We found that treating hNPCs with gintonin induced morphological changes with a cell rounding following cell aggregation and return to individual neurons with time relapses. However, the in vitro effects of gintonin on hNPCs were blocked by the LPA1/3 receptor antagonist, Ki16425, and Rho kinase inhibitor, Y27632. We also examined the in vivo effects of gintonin on the morphological changes and migration of neurons in adult mouse brains using anti-NeuN and -neurofilament H antibodies. We found that acute intravenous administration of gintonin induced morphological and migrational changes in brain neurons. Gintonin induced some migrations of neurons with shortened neurofilament H in the cortex. The in vivo effects of gintonin were also blocked by Ki16425. Conclusion The present report raises the possibility that gintonin could enter the brain and exert its influences on the migration and morphology of adult mouse brain neurons and possibly explains the therapeutic effects of neurological diseases behind the gintonin administration.
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Key Words
- Adult brain neuron
- BBB, blood brain barrier
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- Gintonin
- HBSS, Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution
- LPA receptors
- LPA, Lysophatidic Acid
- MEM, Modified Eagle's medium
- Morphology and migration
- NECAB1, Neuronal calcium binding proteins 1
- NFH, neurofilament H
- OCT, optimum cutting temperature
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- ROCK, Rho-associated protein kinase
- bFGF, fibroblast growth factor
- hNPC, hippocampal neural precursor cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Geun Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Cheomdanro 61, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Institute for Environmental Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Nam
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, and Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology & Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Capella-Monsonís H, Tilbury MA, Wall JG, Zeugolis DI. Porcine mesothelium matrix as a biomaterial for wound healing applications. Mater Today Bio 2020; 7:100057. [PMID: 32577613 PMCID: PMC7305392 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing economic burden of wound healing in healthcare systems requires the development of functional therapies. Xenografts with preserved extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and biofunctional components overcome major limitations of autografts and allografts (e.g. availability) and artificial biomaterials (e.g. foreign body response). Although porcine mesothelium is extensively used in clinical practice, it is under-investigated for wound healing applications. Herein, we compared the biochemical and biological properties of the only two commercially available porcine mesothelium grafts (Meso Biomatrix® and Puracol® Ultra ECM) to traditionally used wound healing grafts (Endoform™, ovine forestomach and MatriStem®, porcine urinary bladder) and biomaterials (Promogran™, collagen/oxidized regenerated cellulose). The Endoform™ and the Puracol® Ultra ECM showed the highest (p<0.05) soluble collagen and elastin content. The MatriStem® had the highest (p<0.05) basic fibroblast growth factor (FGFb) content, whereas the Meso Biomatrix® had the highest (p<0.05) transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) content. All materials showed tissue-specific structure and composition. The Endoform™ and the Meso Biomatrix® had some nuclei residual matter. All tissue grafts showed similar (p>0.05) response to enzymatic degradation, whereas the Promogran™ was not completely degraded by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and was completely degraded by elastase. The Promogran™ showed the highest (p<0.05) permeability to bacterial infiltration. The Promogran™ showed by far the lowest dermal fibroblast and THP-1 attachment and growth. All tested materials showed significantly lower (p<0.05) tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression than the lipopolysaccharides group. The MatriStem® and the Puracol® Ultra ECM promoted the highest (p<0.05) number of micro-vessel formation, whereas the Promogran™ the lowest (p<0.05). Collectively, these data confer that porcine mesothelium has the potential to be used as a wound healing material, considering its composition, resistance to enzymatic degradation, cytocompatibility, and angiogenic potential.
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Key Words
- Angiogenesis
- CORC-PG, collagen/oxidized regenerated cellulose—Promogran™
- Collagen devices
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified eagle medium
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Functional biomaterials
- HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- Immune response
- LB, lysogenic broth
- LPS, lipopolysaccharides
- OF-EF, ovine forestomach—Endoform™
- P/S, penicillin/streptomycin
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- PM-MB, porcine mesothelium—Meso Biomatrix®
- PM-PC, porcine mesothelium—Puracol® Ultra ECM
- PUB-MS, porcine urinary bladder—MatriStem®
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- Xenografts
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Affiliation(s)
- H Capella-Monsonís
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.,Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - M A Tilbury
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.,Department of Microbiology, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - J G Wall
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.,Department of Microbiology, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - D I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.,Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
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12
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Kapoor A, Chen CG, Iozzo RV. A simplified aortic ring assay: A useful ex vivo method to assess biochemical and functional parameters of angiogenesis. Matrix Biol Plus 2020; 6-7:100025. [PMID: 33543023 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2020.100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a simplified method for conducting aortic ring assays which yields robust sprouting and high reproducibility targeted towards matrix biologists studying angiogenesis and extracellular matrix signaling. Main adjustments from previously established protocols include embedding aortic rings between two layers of 3D type I collagen matrix and supplementing with vascular endothelial media. We also introduce a concise and effective staining protocol for obtaining high-resolution images of intracellular and extracellular matrix proteins along with a more accurate protocol to quantify angiogenesis. Importantly, we present a novel method to perform biochemical analyses of vessel sprouting without contamination from the aortic ring itself. Overall, our refined method enables detection of low abundance and phosphorylated proteins and provides a straightforward ex vivo angiogenic assay that can be easily reproduced by those in the matrix biology field. We report a simplified ex vivo aortic ring assay with enhanced sprouting. We use a two-layered 3D collagen matrix to encapsulate aortic rings. We obtain high-resolution images of intracellular and extracellular matrix proteins. We achieve reproducible biochemical and immunological analyses of aortic rings.
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Key Words
- Aortic rings
- Collagen
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidine-2′-phenylindole dihydrochloride
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Endothelial cell markers
- Extracellular matrix
- HA, hyaluronan
- HABP, HA-binding protein
- Hyaluronan binding protein
- IB4, Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PERK, protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- RIPA buffer, radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer
- Sprouts
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Kawagishi-Hotta M, Hasegawa S, Igarashi T, Date Y, Ishii Y, Inoue Y, Hasebe Y, Yamada T, Arima M, Iwata Y, Kobayashi T, Nakata S, Sugiura K, Akamatsu H. Increase of gremlin 2 with age in human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells and its inhibitory effect on adipogenesis. Regen Ther 2019; 11:324-330. [PMID: 31709279 PMCID: PMC6831850 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) have attracted attention as a promising material for regenerative medicine. Previously, we reported an age-related decrease in the adipogenic potential of ASCs from human subjects and found that the individual difference in this potential increased with age, although the mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, other groups demonstrated that a secreted antagonist of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, Gremlin 2 (GREM2), inhibits the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into osteoblasts and the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cell. Here, we examined the effects of GREM2 on the differentiation of ASCs into adipocytes. Methods To examine changes in GREM2 expression levels with age, immunohistochemistry was performed on subcutaneous adipose tissues from subjects 12–97 years of age. Next, GREM2 gene expression levels in ASCs collected from subjects 5–90 years of age were examined by RT-PCR, and the change with age and correlation between the expression level and the adipogenic potential of ASCs were analyzed. In addition, to assess whether GREM2 affects adipogenesis, ASCs (purchased from a vendor) were cultured to induce adipogenesis with recombinant GREM2 protein, and siRNA-induced GREM2 knockdown experiment was also performed using aged ASCs. Results In adipose tissues, GREM2 expression was observed in cells, including ASCs, but not in mature adipocytes, and the expression level per cell increased with age. GREM2 expression levels in ASCs cultured in vitro also increased with age, and the individual differences in the level increased with age. Of note, partial correlation analysis controlled for age revealed that the adipogenic potential of ASCs and the GREM2 gene expression level were negatively correlated. Furthermore, based on a GREM2 addition experiment, GREM2 has inhibitory effects on the adipogenesis of ASCs through activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. On the other hand, GREM2 knockdown in aged ASCs promoted adipogenesis. Conclusions The GREM2 expression level was confirmed to play a role in the age-related decrease in adipogenic potential observed in ASCs isolated from adipose tissues as well as in the enhancement of the individual difference, which increased with age. GREM2 in adipose tissues increased with age, which suggested that GREM2 functions as an inhibitory factor of adipogenesis in ASCs. GREM2 in human adipose tissues increase with age. GREM2 expression in adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) increased with age. In ASCs, adipogenic potential and GREM2 expression showed a negative correlation. Recombinant GREM2 inhibited the adipogenesis of ASCs. GREM2 knockdown in aged ASCs restored adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Kawagishi-Hotta
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd, Japan.,Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Research Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.,Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Seiji Hasegawa
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd, Japan.,Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Research Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Toshio Igarashi
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd, Japan
| | - Yasushi Date
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd, Japan.,Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Research Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshie Ishii
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd, Japan.,Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yu Inoue
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd, Japan.,Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Research Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hasebe
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd, Japan.,Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Research Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takaaki Yamada
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd, Japan.,Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masaru Arima
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yohei Iwata
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tsukane Kobayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Satoru Nakata
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Sugiura
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Akamatsu
- Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
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14
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Rudyk C, Dwyer Z, McNeill J, Salmaso N, Farmer K, Prowse N, Hayley S. Chronic unpredictable stress influenced the behavioral but not the neurodegenerative impact of paraquat. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 11:100179. [PMID: 31304199 PMCID: PMC6599913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of psychological stressors on the progression of motor and non-motor disturbances observed in Parkinson's disease (PD) has received little attention. Given that PD likely results from many different environmental “hits”, we were interested in whether a chronic unpredictable stressor regimen would act additively or possibly even synergistically to augment the impact of the toxicant, paraquat, which has previously been linked to PD. Our findings support the contention that paraquat itself acted as a systemic stressor, with the pesticide increasing plasma corticosterone, as well as altering glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in the hippocampus. Furthermore, stressed mice that also received paraquat displayed synergistic motor coordination impairment on a rotarod test and augmented signs of anhedonia (sucrose preference test). The individual stressor and paraquat treatments also caused a range of non-motor (e.g. open field, Y and plus mazes) deficits, but there were no signs of an interaction (neither additive nor synergistic) between the insults. Similarly, paraquat caused the expected loss of substantia nigra dopamine neurons and microglial activation, but this effect was not further influenced by the chronic stressor. Taken together, these results indicate that paraquat has many effects comparable to that of a more traditional stressor and that at least some behavioral measures (i.e. sucrose preference and rotarod) are augmented by the combined pesticide and stress treatments. Thus, although psychological stressors might not necessarily increase the neurodegenerative effects of the toxicant exposure, they may promote co-morbid behaviors pathology. Paraquat induced behavioral and neurochemical alterations similar to those induced by a chronic unpredictable stressor. Chronic unpredictable stress did not influence the degeneration of midbrain dopamine neurons or microglia activation. The paraquat and chronic stressor exposure resulted in augmented motor impairment and anhedonic-like behavior.
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Key Words
- AAR, alternate arm return
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- BCA, bicinchoninic acid
- BDNF, brain derived neurotrophic factor
- CUS, chronic unpredictable stress
- Cytokine
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- EPM, elevated plus maze
- FST, forced swim test
- GR, glucocorticoid receptor
- HPA, hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal
- IBA1, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1
- Inflammatory
- MMx, Micromax
- Microglia
- PB, phosphate buffer
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- PVDF, polyvinylidene difluoride
- Parkinson's
- RIPA, Radio Immuno Precipitation Assay
- RR, rotarod
- SAB, spontaneous alternation behavior
- SAR, same arm return
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulphate
- SNc, substantia nigra pars compacta
- SPT, sucrose preference test
- Stress
- TH, tyrosine hydroxylase
- Toxicity
- VTA, ventral tegmental area
- pGR, phosphate glucocorticoid receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Rudyk
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Zach Dwyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Jessica McNeill
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Natalina Salmaso
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Kyle Farmer
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Natalie Prowse
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Shawn Hayley
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6
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15
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Moriya S, Yamashita A, Nishi R, Ikoma Y, Yamanaka A, Kuwaki T. Acute nociceptive stimuli rapidly induce the activity of serotonin and noradrenalin neurons in the brain stem of awake mice. IBRO Rep 2019; 7:1-9. [PMID: 31194165 PMCID: PMC6554543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nociception is an important type of perception that has major influence on daily human life. There are some descending pathways related to pain management and modulation, which are collectively known as the descending antinociceptive system (DAS). Noradrenalin (NA) in the locus coeruleus (LC) and serotonin (5-HT) in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) are components of the DAS. Most 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe (DR) have ascending projections rather than descending projections, and they project to the thalamus that modulates nociception. Both the DAS and the DR are believed to be involved in pain-emotion symptoms. In this study, we utilized a fiber photometry system to specifically examine the activity of LC NA neurons and RVM/DR 5-HT neurons using mice carrying tetracycline-controlled transactivator transgene (tTA) under the control of either a dopamine β-hydroxylase promoter or a tryptophan hydroxylase-2 promoter and site-specific infection of an adeno-associated virus carrying a TetO G-CaMP6 gene. After confirmation of specific expression of G-CaMP6 in the target populations, changes in green fluorescent signal intensity were recorded in awake mice upon exposure to acute nociceptive stimulation consisting of a pinch and application of heat (55 °C) to the tail. Both stimuli resulted in rapid and transient (<15 s) increases in the activity of LC NA neurons and RVM/DR 5-HT neurons while the control stimuli did not induce any changes. The present results clearly indicate that acute nociceptive stimuli increase the activity of LC NA neurons and RVM/DR 5 H T neurons and suggest a possible therapeutic target for pain treatment.
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Key Words
- 5-HT, serotonin
- AAV, adeno associated virus
- CaM, calmodulin
- DAS, descending antinociceptive system
- DBH, Dopamine beta hydroxylase
- DR, dorsal raphe
- Dorsal raphe (DR)
- Fiber photometry
- G-CaMP6
- LC, locus coeruleus
- Locus coeruleus (LC)
- NA, noradrenalin
- PAG, periaqueductal gray
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- PMT, photomultiplier tube
- RVM, rostral ventromedial medulla
- Rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM)
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- SNRI, serotonin noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor
- TPH, tryptophan hydroxylase
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunpei Moriya
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Akira Yamashita
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ryusei Nishi
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yoko Ikoma
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kuwaki
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
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Townsend JP, Sweeney AM. Catecholic Compounds in Ctenophore Colloblast and Nerve Net Proteins Suggest a Structural Role for DOPA-Like Molecules in an Early-Diverging Animal Lineage. Biol Bull 2019; 236:55-65. [PMID: 30707604 DOI: 10.1086/700695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ctenophores, or comb jellies, are among the earliest-diverging extant animal lineages. Several recent phylogenomic studies suggest that they may even be the sister group to all other animals. This unexpected finding remains difficult to contextualize, particularly given ctenophores' unique and sometimes poorly understood physiology. Colloblasts, a ctenophore-specific cell type found on the surface of these animals' tentacles, are emblematic of this difficulty. The exterior of the colloblast is dotted with granules that burst and release an adhesive on contact with prey, ensnaring it for consumption. To date, little is known about the fast-acting underwater adhesive that these cells secrete or its biochemistry. We present evidence that proteins in the colloblasts of the ctenophore Pleurobrachia bachei incorporate catecholic compounds similar to the amino acid l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. These compounds are associated with adhesive-containing granules on the surface of colloblasts, suggesting that they may play a role in prey capture, akin to dihydroxyphenylalanine-based adhesives in mussel byssus. We also present unexpected evidence of similar catecholic compounds in association with the subepithelial nerve net. There, catecholic compounds are present in spatial patterns similar to those of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and its derivatives in cnidarian nerves, where they are associated with membranes and possess unknown functionality. This "structural" use of catecholic molecules in ctenophores represents the earliest-diverging animal lineage in which this trait has been observed, though it remains unclear whether structural catechols are deeply rooted in animals or whether they have arisen multiple times.
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Key Words
- -DOPA, -3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
- -diphenols, -diphenols
- AcOH, acetic acid
- CTAB, cetrimonium bromide
- DOPA, dihydroxyphenylalanine
- FIF, formaldehyde-induced fluorescence
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- TCA, tricholoracetic acid.
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17
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Ueda H, Neyama H, Sasaki K, Miyama C, Iwamoto R. Lysophosphatidic acid LPA 1 and LPA 3 receptors play roles in the maintenance of late tissue plasminogen activator-induced central poststroke pain in mice. Neurobiol Pain 2019; 5:100020. [PMID: 31194070 PMCID: PMC6550111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We developed a mouse model for central post-stroke pain (CPSP), a centrally-originated neuropathic pain (NeuP). In this mode, mice were first injected with Rose Bengal, followed by photo-irradiation of left middle cerebral artery (MCA) to generate thrombosis. Although the MCA thrombosis was soon dissolved, the reduced blood flow remained for more than 24 h due to subsequent occlusion of microvessels. This photochemically induced thrombosis (PIT) model showed a hypersensitivity to the electrical stimulation of both sides of paw, but did not show any abnormal pain in popular thermal or mechanical nociception tests. When tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) was injected 6 h after the PIT stress, tPA-dependent hypersensitivity to the electrical paw stimulation and stable thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia on both sides for more than 17 or 18 days after the PIT treatment. These hyperalgesic effects were abolished in lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA1)- and lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 (LPA3)-deficient mice. When Ki-16425, an LPA1 and LPA3 antagonist was treated twice daily for 6 days consecutively, the thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia at day 17 and 18 were significantly reversed. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed that there is a significant increase in several species of LPA molecules in somatosensory S-I and medial dorsal thalamus (MD), but not in striatum or ventroposterior thalamus. All these results suggest that LPA1 and LPA3 signaling play key roles in the development and maintenance of CPSP.
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Key Words
- CPSP, central post-stroke pain
- Central poststroke pain
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- EPW, electrical stimulation-induced paw withdrawal
- HE, Hematoxylin and Eosin
- LC–MS/MS
- LC–MS/MS, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
- LPA1, lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1
- LPA1-KO, LPA1-deficient
- LPA3, lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3
- Lysophosphatidic acid
- MCA, middle cerebral artery
- MD, medial dorsal thalamus
- MRM, multiple reaction monitoring
- NeuP, neuropathic pain
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- PIT, photochemically induced thrombosis
- PWL, paw withdrawal latency
- Photochemically induced thrombosis
- RB, Rose Bengal
- S-I, sensory cortex
- TTC, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride
- i.v., intravenously
- pSNL, partial sciatic nerve ligation
- tMCAO, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion
- tPA
- tPA, tissue-type plasminogen activator
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Nagasaki University, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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18
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McMillin M, Grant S, Frampton G, Petrescu AD, Kain J, Williams E, Haines R, Canady L, DeMorrow S. FXR-Mediated Cortical Cholesterol Accumulation Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Type A Hepatic Encephalopathy. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 6:47-63. [PMID: 29928671 PMCID: PMC6008252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatic encephalopathy is a serious neurologic complication of acute and chronic liver diseases. We previously showed that aberrant bile acid signaling contributes to the development of hepatic encephalopathy via farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-mediated mechanisms in neurons. In the brain, a novel alternative bile acid synthesis pathway, catalyzed by cytochrome p450 46A1 (Cyp46A1), is the primary mechanism by which the brain regulates cholesterol homeostasis. The aim of this study was to determine if FXR activation in the brain altered cholesterol homeostasis during hepatic encephalopathy. METHODS Cyp7A1-/- mice or C57Bl/6 mice pretreated with central infusion of FXR vivo morpholino, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, or fed a cholestyramine-supplemented diet were injected with azoxymethane (AOM). Cognitive and neuromuscular impairment as well as liver damage and expression of Cyp46A1 were assessed using standard techniques. The subsequent cholesterol content in the frontal cortex was measured using commercially available kits and by Filipin III and Nile Red staining. RESULTS There was an increase in membrane-bound and intracellular cholesterol in the cortex of mice treated with AOM that was associated with decreased Cyp46A1 expression. Strategies to inhibit FXR signaling prevented the down-regulation of Cyp46A1 and the accumulation of cholesterol. Treatment of mice with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin attenuated the AOM-induced cholesterol accumulation in the brain and the cognitive and neuromuscular deficits without altering the underlying liver pathology. CONCLUSIONS During hepatic encephalopathy, FXR signaling increases brain cholesterol and contributes to neurologic decline. Targeting cholesterol accumulation in the brain may be a possible therapeutic target for the management of hepatic encephalopathy.
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Key Words
- 2-HβC, 2-hypdroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin
- AOM, azoxymethane
- Acute Liver Failure
- Azoxymethane
- CYP46A1, cytochrome p450 46A1
- CYP7A1, cytochrome p450 7A1
- Cytochrome p450 46A1
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- Farnesoid X Receptor
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- RT-PCR, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction
- WT, wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew McMillin
- Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas,Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Stephanie Grant
- Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas,Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Gabriel Frampton
- Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas,Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Anca D. Petrescu
- Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas,Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Jessica Kain
- Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas,Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Elaina Williams
- Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas,Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Rebecca Haines
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Lauren Canady
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Sharon DeMorrow
- Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas,Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, Texas,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Sharon DeMorrow, PhD, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Building 205, 1901 South 1st Street, Temple, Texas 76504. fax: (254) 743-0378.
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19
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Stamatis SA, Worsaae K, Garm A. Regeneration of the Rhopalium and the Rhopalial Nervous System in the Box Jellyfish Tripedalia cystophora. Biol Bull 2018; 234:22-36. [PMID: 29694798 DOI: 10.1086/697071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cubozoans have the most intricate visual apparatus within Cnidaria. It comprises four identical sensory structures, the rhopalia, each of which holds six eyes of four morphological types. Two of these eyes are camera-type eyes that are, in many ways, similar to the vertebrate eye. The visual input is used to control complex behaviors, such as navigation and obstacle avoidance, and is processed by an elaborate rhopalial nervous system. Several studies have examined the rhopalial nervous system, which, despite a radial symmetric body plan, is bilaterally symmetrical, connecting the two sides of the rhopalium through commissures in an extensive neuropil. The four rhopalia are interconnected by a nerve ring situated in the oral margin of the bell, and together these structures constitute the cubozoan central nervous system. Cnidarians have excellent regenerative capabilities, enabling most species to regenerate large body areas or body parts, and some species can regenerate completely from just a few hundred cells. Here we test whether cubozoans are capable of regenerating the rhopalia, despite the complexity of the visual system and the rhopalial nervous system. The results show that the rhopalia are readily regrown after amputation and have developed most, if not all, neural elements within two weeks. Using electrophysiology, we investigated the functionality of the regrown rhopalia and found that they generated pacemaker signals and that the lens eyes showed a normal response to light. Our findings substantiate the amazing regenerative ability in Cnidaria by showing here the complex sensory system of Cubozoa, a model system proving to be highly applicable in studies of neurogenesis.
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Key Words
- CNS, central nervous system
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- EdU, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine
- FMRF-LIR, FMRFamide-like immunoreactive
- I-cells, interstitial cells
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- PNS, peripheral nervous system
- RF-LIR, RFamide-like immunoreactive
- RNS, rhopalial nervous system
- α-tubulin LIR, α-tubulin-like immunoreactions
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20
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Hui Q, Asadi A, Park YJ, Kieffer TJ, Ao Z, Warnock GL, Marzban L. Amyloid formation disrupts the balance between interleukin-1β and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in human islets. Mol Metab 2017; 6:833-844. [PMID: 28752047 PMCID: PMC5518725 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis associated with islet inflammation play a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Growing evidence suggests that islet amyloid, formed by aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), contributes to islet inflammation and β-cell death in T2D. We recently showed the role of interleukin-1β (IL-1β)/Fas/caspase-8 apoptotic pathway in amyloid-induced β-cell death. In this study, we used human islets in culture as an ex vivo model of amyloid formation to: (1) investigate the effects of amyloid on islet levels of the natural IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra); (2) examine if modulating the IL-1β/IL-1Ra balance can prevent amyloid-induced β-cell Fas upregulation and apoptosis. Methods Isolated human islets (n = 10 donors) were cultured in elevated glucose (to form amyloid) with or without a neutralizing human IL-1β antibody for up to 7 days. Parallel studies were performed with human islets in which amyloid formation was prevented by adeno-siRNA-mediated suppression of hIAPP expression (as control). β-cell levels of IL-1Ra, Fas, apoptosis as well as islet function, insulin- and amyloid-positive areas, and IL-1Ra release were assessed. Results Progressive amyloid formation in human islets during culture was associated with alterations in IL-1Ra. Islet IL-1Ra levels were higher at early stages but were markedly reduced at later stages of amyloid formation. Furthermore, IL-1Ra release from human islets was reduced during 7-day culture in a time-dependent manner. These changes in IL-1Ra production and release from human islets during amyloid formation adversely correlated with islet IL-1β levels, β-cell Fas expression and apoptosis. Treatment with IL-1β neutralizing antibody markedly reduced amyloid-induced β-cell Fas expression and apoptosis, thereby improving islet β-cell survival and function during culture. Conclusions These data suggest that amyloid formation impairs the balance between IL-1β and IL-1Ra in islets by increasing IL-1β production and reducing IL-1Ra levels thereby promoting β-cell dysfunction and death. Restoring the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio may provide an effective strategy to protect islet β-cells from amyloid toxicity in T2D. Endogenous amyloid formation alters IL-1Ra levels in human islet β-cells. Amyloid impairs islet IL-1β/IL-1Ra balance by promoting IL-1β and reducing IL-1Ra. Restoring IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio by blocking IL-1β protects human islets against amyloid.
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Key Words
- Amylin
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- IL-1R1, IL-1 receptor type I
- IL-1Ra, IL-1 receptor antagonist
- IL-1β, interleukin-1β
- Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist
- Interleukin-1β
- Islet amyloid
- Islet amyloid polypeptide
- Islet inflammation
- KRB, Krebs–Ringer bicarbonate
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- Type 2 diabetes
- hIAPP, human islet amyloid polypeptide
- nIL1β, neutralizing IL-1β
- rIAPP, rat islet amyloid polypeptide
- β-cell apoptosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Queenie Hui
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ali Asadi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yoo Jin Park
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Timothy J Kieffer
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ziliang Ao
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Garth L Warnock
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lucy Marzban
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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21
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Shen WC, Li HY, Chen GC, Chern Y, Tu PH. Mutations in the ubiquitin-binding domain of OPTN/optineurin interfere with autophagy-mediated degradation of misfolded proteins by a dominant-negative mechanism. Autophagy 2016; 11:685-700. [PMID: 25484089 DOI: 10.4161/auto.36098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OPTN (optineurin) is an autophagy receptor and mutations in the OPTN gene result in familial glaucoma (E50K) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (E478G). However, the mechanisms through which mutant OPTN leads to human diseases remain to be characterized. Here, we demonstrated that OPTN colocalized with inclusion bodies (IBs) formed by mutant HTT/huntingtin protein (mHTT) in R6/2 transgenic mice and IBs formed by 81QNmHTT (nuclear form), 109QmHTT (cytoplasmic form) or the truncated form of TARDBP/TDP-43 (TARDBP(ND251)) in Neuro2A cells. This colocalization required the ubiquitin (Ub)-binding domain (UbBD, amino acids 424 to 511) of OPTN. Overexpression of wild-type (WT) OPTN decreased IBs through K63-linked polyubiquitin-mediated autophagy. E50K or 210 to 410Δ (with amino acids 210 to 410 deleted) whose mutation or deletion was outside the UbBD decreased the IBs formed by 109QmHTT or TARDBP(ND251), as was the case with WT OPTN. In contrast, UbBD mutants, including E478G, D474N, UbBDΔ, 411 to 520Δ and 210 to 520Δ, increased accumulation of IBs. UbBD mutants (E478G, UbBDΔ) retained a substantial ability to interact with WT OPTN, and were found to colocalize with polyubiquitinated IBs, which might occur indirectly through their WT partner in a WT-mutant complex. They decreased autophagic flux evidenced by alteration in LC3 level and turnover and in the number of LC3-positive puncta under stresses like starvation or formation of IBs. UbBD mutants exhibited a weakened interaction with MYO6 (myosin VI) and TOM1 (target of myb1 homolog [chicken]), important for autophagosome maturation, in cells or sorted 109QmHtt IBs. Taken together, our data indicated that UbBD mutants acted as dominant-negative traps through the formation of WT-mutant hybrid complexes to compromise the maturation of autophagosomes, which in turn interfered with OPTN-mediated autophagy and clearance of IBs.
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Key Words
- ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Ab, antibody
- BafA1, bafilomycin A1
- CCD, coiled-coil domain
- Ef, FRET efficiency
- FT, filter-trap assay
- HD, Huntington disease
- IBs, inclusion bodies
- IP, immunoprecipitation
- K48, lysine 48
- K63, lysine 63
- LIR, LC3-interacting region
- MYO6, myosin VI
- OPTN, optineurin
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- TARDBP/TDP-43
- TARDBP/TDP-43, TAR DNA-binding protein
- TBK1, TANK-binding kinase 1
- TUBA, alpha tubulin
- UPS, ubiquitin-proteasome system
- Ub, ubiquitin B/C/D
- UbBD, ubiquitin-binding domain
- WB, western blot
- WT, wild type
- autophagy
- dominant-negative
- huntingtin
- mHTT, mutant huntingtin
- optineurin
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chuan Shen
- a Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine; National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica ; Taipei , Taiwan
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22
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Liskovykh M, Ponomartsev S, Popova E, Bader M, Kouprina N, Larionov V, Alenina N, Tomilin A. Stable maintenance of de novo assembled human artificial chromosomes in embryonic stem cells and their differentiated progeny in mice. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:1268-73. [PMID: 25695642 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1014151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo assembled alphoid(tetO)-type human artificial chromosomes (HACs) represent a novel promising generation of high capacity episomal vectors. Their function and persistence, and any adverse effects, in various cell types in live animals, have not, however, been explored. In this study we transferred the alphoid(tetO)-HAC into mouse ES cells and assessed whether the presence of this extra chromosome affects their pluripotent properties. Alphoid(tetO)-HAC-bearing ES cells were indistinguishable from their wild-type counterparts: they retained self-renewal potential and full capacity for multilineage differentiation during mouse development, whereas the HAC itself was mitotically and transcriptionally stable during this process. Our data provide the first example of fully synthetic DNA behaving like a normal chromosome in cells of living animals. It also opens a new perspective into functional genetic studies in laboratory animals as well as stem cell-based regenerative medicine.
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Key Words
- Bsd, blasticidin
- DAPI, 4′, 6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole
- EGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein
- ES cells, embryonic stem cells
- FISH, fluorescent in situ hybridization
- HAC, human artificial chromosome
- HAT, hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine
- MMCT, microcell mediated chromosome transfer
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- dpc, days post coitum
- embryonic stem cells
- gene therapy
- human artificial chromosomes
- iPS cells, induced pluripotent stem cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Liskovykh
- a Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Sciences ; St-Petersburg , Russia
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23
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Tsukahara T, Masuhara M, Iwai H, Sonomura T, Sato T. The effect of repeated stress on KCC2 and NKCC1 immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of female mice. Data Brief 2016; 6:521-5. [PMID: 26904715 PMCID: PMC4724697 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2015.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
K+–Cl− co-transporter (KCC2) and Na+–K+–2Cl− co-transporter (NKCC1) are the main regulators of neuronal intracellular chloride concentration; altered expression patterns of KCC2 and NKCC1 have been reported in several neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, we show the effect of repeated stress on KCC2, NKCC1, and serine 940 phosphorylated KCC2 (pKCC2ser940) immunoreactivity. The data were obtained from the hippocampus of female mice using single-plane confocal microscopy images. The mean fluorescence intensity of the perisomatic area of neurons, defined as raw fluorescence intensity (RFI) was calculated. Repeated stress (RS) resulted in a decrease in perisomatic area of immunoreactive (IR)-KCC2 and an increase of the IR-NKCC1. In addition, RS decreased perisomatic IR-pKCC2ser940, corresponding to that of KCC2. The data in this article support the results of a previous study [1] and provide the details of immunohistological methods. Interpretation of the data in this article can be found in “Repeated stress-induced expression pattern alterations of the hippocampal chloride transporters KCC2 and NKCC1 associated with behavioral abnormalities in female mice” by Tsukahara et al. [1].
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Key Words
- (IR), immunoreactive
- CA1, cornus ammonis 1
- CA3, cornus ammonis 3
- DG, dentate gyrus
- GC, granular cell
- IHC
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- KCC2
- KCC2, K+–Cl− co-transporter
- NKCC1
- NKCC1, Na+–K+–2Cl− co-transporter
- PB, phosphate buffer
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PBS-X, phosphate buffered saline-triton X
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- RFI, raw fluorescence intensity
- RS, repeated stress
- pKCC2ser940, serine 940 phosphorylated KCC2
- repeated stress
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Tsukahara
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masaaki Masuhara
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Haruki Iwai
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sonomura
- Department of Anatomy II, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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24
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Rabinsky EF, Joshi BP, Pant A, Zhou J, Duan X, Smith A, Kuick R, Fan S, Nusrat A, Owens SR, Appelman HD, Wang TD. Overexpressed Claudin-1 Can Be Visualized Endoscopically in Colonic Adenomas In Vivo. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 2:222-237. [PMID: 27840845 PMCID: PMC4980721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Conventional white-light colonoscopy aims to reduce the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC has been found to arise from missed polypoid and flat precancerous lesions. We aimed to establish proof-of-concept for real-time endoscopic imaging of colonic adenomas using a near-infrared peptide that is specific for claudin-1. METHODS We used gene expression profiles to identify claudin-1 as a promising early CRC target, and performed phage display against the extracellular loop of claudin-1 (amino acids 53-80) to identify the peptide RTSPSSR. With a Cy5.5 label, we characterized binding parameters and showed specific binding to human CRC cells. We collected in vivo near-infrared fluorescence images endoscopically in the CPC;Apc mouse, which develops colonic adenomas spontaneously. With immunofluorescence, we validated specific peptide binding to adenomas from the proximal human colon. RESULTS We found a 2.5-fold increase in gene expression for claudin-1 in human colonic adenomas compared with normal. We showed specific binding of RTSPSSR to claudin-1 in knockdown and competition studies, and measured an affinity of 42 nmol/L and a time constant of 1.2 minutes to SW620 cells. In the mouse, we found a significantly higher target-to-background ratio for both polypoid and flat adenomas compared with normal by in vivo images. On immunofluorescence, we found significantly greater intensity for human adenomas (mean ± SD, 25.5 ± 14.0) vs normal (mean ± SD, 9.1 ± 6.0) and hyperplastic polyps (mean ± SD, 3.1 ± 3.7; P = 10-5 and 8 × 10-12, respectively), and for sessile serrated adenomas (mean ± SD, 20.1 ± 13.3) vs normal and hyperplastic polyps (P = .02 and 3 × 10-7, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Claudin-1 is overexpressed in premalignant colonic lesions, and can be detected endoscopically in vivo with a near-infrared, labeled peptide.
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Key Words
- APC, adenomatous polyposis coli
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CLDN1, claudin-1
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- Colon Cancer
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- Early Detection
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- IF, immunofluorescence
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- Molecular Imaging
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PBST, phosphate-buffered saline plus 0.1% Tween-20
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- RT, room temperature
- SSA, sessile serrated adenoma
- T/B, target-to-background
- TEER, transepithelial electrical resistance
- TFA, trifluoroacetic acid
- ZO-1, zonula occludens-1
- siCL, control small interfering RNA
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F. Rabinsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bishnu P. Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Asha Pant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xiyu Duan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Arlene Smith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rork Kuick
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shuling Fan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Scott R. Owens
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Henry D. Appelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Thomas D. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Thomas D. Wang, MD, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 1522, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200. fax: (734) 647-7950.Biomedical Engineering and Mechanical EngineeringDivision of GastroenterologyUniversity of Michigan109 Zina Pitcher PlaceBSRB 1522Ann ArborMichigan 48109-2200
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25
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Rollo BN, Zhang D, Stamp LA, Menheniott TR, Stathopoulos L, Denham M, Dottori M, King SK, Hutson JM, Newgreen DF. Enteric Neural Cells From Hirschsprung Disease Patients Form Ganglia in Autologous Aneuronal Colon. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 2:92-109. [PMID: 28174705 PMCID: PMC4980742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is caused by failure of cells derived from the neural crest (NC) to colonize the distal bowel in early embryogenesis, resulting in absence of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and failure of intestinal transit postnatally. Treatment is by distal bowel resection, but neural cell replacement may be an alternative. We tested whether aneuronal (aganglionic) colon tissue from patients may be colonized by autologous ENS-derived cells. METHODS Cells were obtained and cryopreserved from 31 HSCR patients from the proximal resection margin of colon, and ENS cells were isolated using flow cytometry for the NC marker p75 (nine patients). Aneuronal colon tissue was obtained from the distal resection margin (23 patients). ENS cells were assessed for NC markers immunohistologically and by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and mitosis was detected by ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine labeling. The ability of human HSCR postnatal ENS-derived cells to colonize the embryonic intestine was demonstrated by organ coculture with avian embryo gut, and the ability of human postnatal HSCR aneuronal colon muscle to support ENS formation was tested by organ coculture with embryonic mouse ENS cells. Finally, the ability of HSCR patient ENS cells to colonize autologous aneuronal colon muscle tissue was assessed. RESULTS ENS-derived p75-sorted cells from patients expressed multiple NC progenitor and differentiation markers and proliferated in culture under conditions simulating Wnt signaling. In organ culture, patient ENS cells migrated appropriately in aneural quail embryo gut, and mouse embryo ENS cells rapidly spread, differentiated, and extended axons in patient aneuronal colon muscle tissue. Postnatal ENS cells derived from HSCR patients colonized autologous aneuronal colon tissue in cocultures, proliferating and differentiating as neurons and glia. CONCLUSIONS NC-lineage cells can be obtained from HSCR patient colon and can form ENS-like structures in aneuronal colonic muscle from the same patient.
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Key Words
- Aganglionosis
- CHIR-99021, 6-[2-[[4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino]ethylamino]pyridine-3-carbonitrile
- Cell Therapy
- ENC, enteric neural crest
- ENS, enteric nervous system
- EdU, ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine
- Enteric Nervous System
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein
- GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3
- HNK1, human natural killer-1
- HSCR, Hirschsprung disease
- Hirschsprung Disease
- MTR, MitoTracker Red
- Megacolon
- NC, neural crest
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- RCH, Royal Children’s Hospital
- SMA, smooth muscle actin
- SOX10, sex-determining region Y–box 10
- TUJ1, neuron-specific class III β-tubulin
- eGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein
- nNOS, neuronal nitric oxide synthase
- nTCM, neural tissue culture medium
- qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N. Rollo
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Benjamin N. Rollo, PhD, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. fax: +61-3-9348-1391.Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteThe Royal Children’s HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVictoria 3052Australia
| | - Dongcheng Zhang
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lincon A. Stamp
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Trevelyan R. Menheniott
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lefteris Stathopoulos
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Denham
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mirella Dottori
- Centre for Neural Engineering, NICTA, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sebastian K. King
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John M. Hutson
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Donald F. Newgreen
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Filippi A, Petrussa E, Peresson C, Bertolini A, Vianello A, Braidot E. In vivo assay to monitor flavonoid uptake across plant cell membranes. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:748-52. [PMID: 26504740 PMCID: PMC4575953 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids represent one of the most important molecules of plant secondary metabolism, playing many different biochemical and physiological roles. Although their essential role in plant life and human health has been elucidated by many studies, their subcellular transport and accumulation in plant tissues remains unclear. This is due to the absence of a convenient and simple method to monitor their transport. In the present work, we suggest an assay able to follow in vivo transport of quercetin, the most abundant flavonoid in plant tissues. This uptake was monitored using 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (DPBA), a fluorescent probe, in non-pigmented Vitis vinifera cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Enrico Braidot
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Plant Biology Unit, via delle Scienze 91, I-33100 Udine, Italy
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27
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Ruggiero A, De Spiegelaere W, Cozzi-Lepri A, Kiselinova M, Pollakis G, Beloukas A, Vandekerckhove L, Strain M, Richman D, Phillips A, Geretti AM. During Stably Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy Integrated HIV-1 DNA Load in Peripheral Blood is Associated with the Frequency of CD8 Cells Expressing HLA-DR/DP/DQ. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:1153-9. [PMID: 26498496 PMCID: PMC4588402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Characterising the correlates of HIV persistence improves understanding of disease pathogenesis and guides the design of curative strategies. This study investigated factors associated with integrated HIV-1 DNA load during consistently suppressive first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). Method Total, integrated, and 2-long terminal repeats (LTR) circular HIV-1 DNA, residual plasma HIV-1 RNA, T-cell activation markers, and soluble CD14 (sCD14) were measured in peripheral blood of 50 patients that had received 1–14 years of efavirenz-based or nevirapine-based therapy. Results Integrated HIV-1 DNA load (per 106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells) was median 1.9 log10 copies (interquartile range 1.7–2.2) and showed a mean difference of 0.2 log10 copies per 10 years of suppressive ART (95% confidence interval − 0.2, 0.6; p = 0.28). It was positively correlated with total HIV-1 DNA load and frequency of CD8+HLA-DR/DP/DQ+ cells, and was also higher in subjects with higher sCD14 levels, but showed no correlation with levels of 2-LTR circular HIV-1 DNA and residual plasma HIV-1 RNA, or the frequency of CD4+CD38+ and CD8+CD38+ cells. Adjusting for pre-ART viral load, duration of suppressive ART, CD4 cell counts, residual plasma HIV-1 RNA levels, and sCD14 levels, integrated HIV-1 DNA load was mean 0.5 log10 copies higher for each 50% higher frequency of CD8+HLA-DR/DP/DQ+ cells (95% confidence interval 0.2, 0.9; p = 0.01). Conclusions The observed positive association between integrated HIV-1 DNA load and frequency of CD8+DR/DP/DQ+ cells indicates that a close correlation between HIV persistence and immune activation continues during consistently suppressive therapy. The inducers of the distinct activation profile warrant further investigation. Data from a homogenously treated population with consistent virological suppression Integrated HIV-1 DNA load did not vary significantly by duration of therapy Integrated HIV-1 DNA load was not associated with markers of recent virus replication Integrated HIV-1 DNA load and CD8+HLA-DR/DP/DQ+ frequency were positively associated Subjects with top quartile integrated HIV-1 DNA load showed high sCD14 levels
Integrated HIV-1 DNA load remains constant in the peripheral blood of individuals receiving long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the mechanisms preventing decay of the reservoir remain unclear. We studied a cross-sectional population, defined by the duration of suppressive ART. Integrated HIV-1 DNA load did not differ significantly according to the duration of suppressive ART, and showed no association with direct or indirect markers of ongoing virus replication. Rather, there was an independent, positive association between integrated HIV-1 DNA load and the frequency of CD8 cells expressing the activation marker HLA-DR/DP/DQ. These cells appear to have important regulatory and effector function. Our findings add to growing evidence that immune activation sustains the HIV-1 reservoir during long-term suppressive ART.
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Key Words
- 2-LTR, 2-long terminal repeats
- ART, Anti-retroviral therapy
- Activation
- CMV, cytomegalovirus virus
- CRN, Clinical Research Network
- EBV, Epstein-Bar virus
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immune-enzymatic assay
- HIC, HIV-1 controllers
- HIV-1 VL, HIV-1 viral load
- HIV-1, Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1
- HLA, Human Leukocyte Antigen
- Integration
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- NIHR, National Institute for Health Research
- NNRTI, Non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors
- NRTI, nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- PBMCs, Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PCR, Polymerase chain reaction
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- Persistence
- Reservoir
- Suppression
- VLS, Viral Load Suppression
- WHO, World Health Organisation
- sCD14, soluble CD14
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ruggiero
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology (CIMI), Institute of Infection and Global Health (IGH), University of Liverpool, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool L697BE, United Kingdom
| | - Ward De Spiegelaere
- HIV Translational Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University and University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 1859000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri
- Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW32PF, United Kingdom
| | - Maja Kiselinova
- HIV Translational Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University and University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 1859000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georgios Pollakis
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology (CIMI), Institute of Infection and Global Health (IGH), University of Liverpool, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool L697BE, United Kingdom
| | - Apostolos Beloukas
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology (CIMI), Institute of Infection and Global Health (IGH), University of Liverpool, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool L697BE, United Kingdom
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- HIV Translational Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University and University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 1859000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthew Strain
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Center for AIDS Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Douglas Richman
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Center for AIDS Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Andrew Phillips
- Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW32PF, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Maria Geretti
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology (CIMI), Institute of Infection and Global Health (IGH), University of Liverpool, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool L697BE, United Kingdom
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28
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Sugaya K, Ishihara Y, Inoue S. Analysis of a temperature-sensitive mutation in Uba1: Effects of the click reaction on subsequent immunolabeling of proteins involved in DNA replication. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:167-74. [PMID: 25834782 PMCID: PMC4359972 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The click reaction inhibits the indirect immunolabeling of Cdt1. The click reaction allows for the detection of PCNA with nascent DNA. Cdt1 appears to remain close to replication sites in the ts-mutant of Uba1. Impaired ubiquitination caused by the defect of Uba1 affects DNA replication only slowly.
In our previous study, a Met-to-Ile substitution at amino acid 256 in the catalytic domain of Uba1 was determined in temperature-sensitive CHO-K1 mutant tsTM3 cells, which exhibited chromosomal instability and cell-cycle arrest in the S to G2 phases with decreased DNA synthesis at the nonpermissive temperature, 39 °C. Mutant cells were also characterized by a significant decrease of Uba1 in the nucleus with decreased ubiquitination activity at 39 °C. Defects of ubiquitination activity in the nucleus resulted in an inappropriate balance between Cdt1 and geminin, a licensing factor of DNA replication and its inhibitor. In the present study, we found that the Cu(I)-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition (click) reaction inhibits the subsequent indirect immunolabeling of Cdt1 but allows for the detection of PCNA with nascent DNA. Using a procedure without the click reaction, we also demonstrated that Cdt1 remained close to active replication sites in tsTM3 cells at the nonpermissive temperature. Analysis of genome replication by DNA fiber spreading revealed that DNA synthesis continues for at least 10 h after incubation at 39 °C, suggesting that impaired ubiquitination in the nucleus, caused by the defect of Uba1, affected DNA replication only after a long delay.
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Key Words
- BrdU, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine
- Chromosome instability
- CldU, 5-chloro-2′-deoxyuridine
- Click chemistry
- DIG-dUTP, digoxigenin-dUTP
- E1, ubiquitin activating enzyme
- E2, ubiquitin conjugating enzyme
- E3, ubiquitin ligase
- EdU, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine
- IdU, 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine
- MCM7, mini-chromosome maintenance protein 7
- PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- Replication
- Temperature-sensitive mutation
- Ubiquitination
- ts, temperature-sensitive
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiko Sugaya
- Research Center for Radiation Protection and Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshie Ishihara
- Research Center for Radiation Protection and Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Sonoe Inoue
- Research Center for Radiation Protection and Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Gerster R, Eloranta JJ, Hausmann M, Ruiz PA, Cosin-Roger J, Terhalle A, Ziegler U, Kullak-Ublick GA, von Eckardstein A, Rogler G. Anti-inflammatory Function of High-Density Lipoproteins via Autophagy of IκB Kinase. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 1:171-187.e1. [PMID: 28247863 PMCID: PMC5301135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are frequently found decreased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, and because HDL exerts anti-inflammatory activities, we investigated whether HDL and its major protein component apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) modulate mucosal inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The human intestinal epithelial cell line T84 was used as the in vitro model for measuring the effects of HDL on the expression and secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM). Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-responsive promoter activity was studied by dual luciferase reporter assays. Mucosal damage from colitis induced by dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) was scored by colonoscopy and histology in apoA-I transgenic (Tg) and apoA-I knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and TNF and ICAM expression were determined in intestinal tissue samples. Autophagy was studied by Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. RESULTS HDL and apoA-I down-regulated TNF-induced mRNA expression of TNF, IL-8, and ICAM, as well as TNF-induced NF-κB-responsive promoter activity. DSS/TNBS-treated apoA-I KO mice displayed increased mucosal damage upon both colonoscopy and histology, increased intestinal MPO activity and mRNA expression of TNF and ICAM as compared with WT and apoA-I Tg mice. In contrast, apoA-I Tg mice showed less severe symptoms monitored by colonoscopy and MPO activity in both the DSS and TNBS colitis models. In addition, HDL induced autophagy, leading to recruitment of phosphorylated IκB kinase to the autophagosome compartment, thereby preventing NF-κB activation and induction of cytokine expression. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the in vitro and in vivo findings suggest that HDL and apoA-I suppress intestinal inflammation via autophagy and are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of IBD.
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Key Words
- 3-MA, 3-methyl adenine
- ApoA-I, apolipoprotein A-I
- Apolipoprotein A-I
- Autophagy
- CD, Crohn’s disease
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DSS, dextran sodium sulphate
- EMSA, electrophoretic mobility shift assay
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- ICAM, intracellular adhesion molecule
- IL, interleukin
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- KO, knockout
- LC3II, light chain 3 II
- MEICS, murine endoscopic index of colitis severity
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- NF-κB
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κB
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- PI-3, phosphatidylinositol-3
- RT-PCR, real-time polymerase chain reaction
- TNBS, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Tg, transgenic
- WT, wild type
- mTOR, the mammalian target of rapamycin
- p-IKK, phosphorylated IκB kinase
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragam Gerster
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jyrki J. Eloranta
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A. Ruiz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBERehd, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anne Terhalle
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Ziegler
- Centre for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arnold von Eckardstein
- Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Gerhard Rogler, MD, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland. fax: +41-0-44-255-9497.
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van Meel E, Klumperman J. TGN exit of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor does not require acid hydrolase binding. Cell Logist 2014; 4:e954441. [PMID: 25610721 DOI: 10.4161/21592780.2014.954441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P) receptor (CI-MPR) binds newly synthesized, Man-6-P-containing lysosomal acid hydrolases in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) for clathrin-mediated transport to endosomes. It has remained unresolved, however, whether acid hydrolase binding is required for exit of the CI-MPR from the TGN. To address this question we used a B cell line derived from a Mucolipidosis type II (MLII)/I-cell disease patient. In MLII patients, acid hydrolases do not acquire the Man-6-P recognition marker and as a consequence do not bind to the CI-MPR. This causes secretion of the majority of the acid hydrolases and a decreased lysosomal activity resulting in typical inclusion bodies. In agreement herewith, ultrastructural analysis of the MLII patient derived B cells showed numerous inclusion bodies with undigested material, which we defined as autolysosomes. By quantitative immuno-electron microscopy we then studied the distribution of the CI-MPR in these cells. We found that the level of co-localization of TGN-localized CI-MPR and clathrin was similar in MLII and control B cells. Moreover, the CI-MPR was readily found in endosomes of MLII cells and the TGN-to-early endosome ratio of CI-MPR labeling was unaltered. These data show that there is no block in TGN exit of the CI-MPR in the absence of Man-6-P-modified acid hydrolases. Notably, late endosomes and inclusion bodies in MLII B cells contained increased levels of the CI-MPR, which likely reflects the reduced degradative capacity of these compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline van Meel
- Department of Cell Biology; University Medical Center Utrecht ; Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Department of Cell Biology; University Medical Center Utrecht ; Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Paidi MD, Schjoldager JG, Lykkesfeldt J, Tveden-Nyborg P. Prenatal vitamin C deficiency results in differential levels of oxidative stress during late gestation in foetal guinea pig brains. Redox Biol 2014; 2:361-7. [PMID: 24563854 PMCID: PMC3926113 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant defences are comparatively low during foetal development making the brain particularly susceptible to oxidative stress during antioxidant deficiencies. The brain is one of the organs containing the highest concentration of vitamin C (VitC) and VitC deficiency during foetal development may place the brain at risk of redox status imbalance. In the present study, we investigated the developmental pattern and effect of VitC deficiency on antioxidants, vitamin E and superoxide dismutase (SOD), assessed oxidative damage by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), hydroxynonenal (HNE) and nitrotyrosine (NT) and analysed gene and protein expression of apoptosis marker caspase-3 in the guinea pig foetal brain at two gestational (GD) time points, GD 45/pre-term and GD 56/near term following either a VitC sufficient (CTRL) or deficient (DEF) maternal dietary regime. We show that except for SOD, antioxidants and oxidative damage markers are differentially expressed between the two GDs, with high VitC (p<0.0001), NT modified proteins (p<0.0001) and active caspase-3 levels (p<0.05) at pre-term and high vitamin E levels (p<0.0001), HNE (p<0.0001) and MDA (p<0.0001) at near term. VitC deficiency significantly increased SOD activity (p<0.0001) compared to CTRLs at both GDs indicating a compensatory response, however, low levels of VitC significantly elevated MDA levels (p<0.05) in DEF at near term. Our results show a differential regulation of the investigated markers during late gestation and suggest that immature brains are susceptible to oxidative stress due to prenatal vitC deficiency in spite of an induction of protective adaptation mechanisms. Maternal vitamin C deficiency affects redox balance in the foetal brain. Differential regulation during late gestation time-points. The foetal brain is susceptible to oxidative stress imposed by vitamin C deficiency.
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Key Words
- 1VitC, vitamin C
- Brain
- CTRL, control
- DEF, deficient
- Deficiency
- Development
- GD, gestational day
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- Guinea pig
- HNE, hydroxynonenal
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NT, nitrotyrosine
- Oxidative stress
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- Vitamin C
- s18, ribosomal protein 18S
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya D Paidi
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Danmark DK-1870, Denmark
| | - Janne G Schjoldager
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Danmark DK-1870, Denmark
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Danmark DK-1870, Denmark
| | - Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Danmark DK-1870, Denmark
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Mobarakeh ZT, Ai J, Yazdani F, Sorkhabadi SMR, Ghanbari Z, Javidan AN, Mortazavi-Tabatabaei SA, Massumi M, Barough SE. Human endometrial stem cells as a new source for programming to neural cells. Cell Biol Int Rep (2010) 2012; 19:e00015. [PMID: 23124318 PMCID: PMC3475442 DOI: 10.1042/cbr20110009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human EnSC (endometrial-derived stem cell) is an abundant and easily available source for cell replacement therapy. Many investigations have shown the potency of the cells to differentiate into several mesoderm-derived cell lineages, including osteocytes and adipocytes. Here, the potency of EnSC in neural differentiation has been investigated. Flow cytometric analysis showed that they were positive for CD90, CD105, OCT4, CD44 and negative for CD31, CD34, CD133. The characterized cells were induced into neural differentiation by bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor), PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) and EGF (epidermal growth factor) signalling molecules, respectively in a sequential protocol, and differentiated cells were analysed for expression of neuronal markers by RT-PCR (reverse transcription-PCR) and immunocytochemistry, including Nestin, GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), MAP2 (microtubule-associated protein 2), β3-tub (class III β-tubulin) and NF-L (neurofilament-light) at the level of their mRNAs. The expression of MAP2, β3-tub and NF-L proteins in EnSC was confirmed 28 days PT (post-treatment) by immunocytochemistry. In conclusion, EnSC can respond to signalling molecules that are usually used as standards in neural differentiation and can programme neuronal cells, making these cells worth considering as a unique source for cell therapy in neurodegenerative disease.
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Key Words
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- ES, embryonic stem
- EnSC, endometrial-derived stem cell
- GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid
- GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein
- HBSS, Hank's balanced salt solution
- MAP2, microtubule-associated protein 2
- MSC, mesenchymal stem cell
- NF-L, neurofilament-light
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- PT, post-treatment
- RT–PCR, reverse transcription–PCR
- T-PBS, Triton X-100 in PBS
- bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- differentiation
- endometrial stem cell
- neural cell
- β3-tub, class III β-tubulin
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Taherian Mobarakeh
- *Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Ai
- †Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- ‡Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center, Imam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- §Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- ‖Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzad Yazdani
- *Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zinat Ghanbari
- **Gynecology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Noroozi Javidan
- ‡Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center, Imam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Massumi
- †Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Melchior B, Garcia AE, Hsiung BK, Lo KM, Doose JM, Thrash JC, Stalder AK, Staufenbiel M, Neumann H, Carson MJ. Dual induction of TREM2 and tolerance-related transcript, Tmem176b, in amyloid transgenic mice: implications for vaccine-based therapies for Alzheimer's disease. ASN Neuro 2010; 2:e00037. [PMID: 20640189 DOI: 10.1042/AN20100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine-based autoimmune (anti-amyloid) treatments are currently being examined for their therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease. In the present study we examined, in a transgenic model of amyloid pathology, the expression of two molecules previously implicated in decreasing the severity of autoimmune responses: TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2) and the intracellular tolerance-associated transcript, Tmem176b (transmembrane domain protein 176b). In situ hybridization analysis revealed that both molecules were highly expressed in plaque-associated microglia, but their expression defined two different zones of plaque-associated activation. Tmem176b expression was highest in the inner zone of amyloid plaques, whereas TREM2 expression was highest in the outer zone. Induced expression of TREM2 occurred co-incident with detection of thioflavine-S-positive amyloid deposits. Transfection studies revealed that expression of TREM2 correlated negatively with motility, but correlated positively with the ability of microglia to stimulate CD4+ T-cell proliferation, TNF (tumour necrosis factor) and CCL2 (chemokine ligand 2) production, but not IFNγ (interferon γ) production. TREM2 expression also showed a positive correlation with amyloid phagocytosis in unactivated cells. However, activating cells with LPS (lipopolysaccharide), but not IFNγ, reduced the correlation between TREM2 expression and phagocytosis. Transfection of Tmem176b into both microglial and macrophage cell lines increased apoptosis. Taken together, these data suggest that, in vivo, Tmem176b+ cells in closest apposition to amyloid may be the least able to clear amyloid. Conversely, the phagocytic TREM2+ microglia on the plaque outer zones are positioned to capture and present self-antigens to CNS (central nervous system)-infiltrating lymphocytes without promoting pro-inflammatory lymphocyte responses. Instead, plaque-associated TREM2+ microglia have the potential to evoke neuroprotective immune responses that may serve to support CNS function during pro-inflammatory anti-amyloid immune therapies.
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Key Words
- Aβ, amyloid β peptide
- CCL2, chemokine ligand 2
- CFSE, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester
- CNS, central nervous system
- Clast1
- DAMP, danger-associated molecular pattern
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- EAE, experimentally induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- HPRT, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase
- IFNγ, interferon γ
- IL, interleukin
- KO, knockout
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- TNF, tumour necrosis factor
- TREM2, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2
- Thio-S, thioflavine-S
- Tmem176b, transmembrane domain protein 176b
- Torid
- WT, wild-type
- antigen presentation
- autoimmunity
- neuroinflammation
- qPCR, quantitative PCR
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