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Yabar CA. La pobreza extrema es prioridad: Un argumento sobre la distribución equitativa de la vacuna contra el COVID-19 en Perú. Dev World Bioeth 2024; 24:102-106. [PMID: 36855314 DOI: 10.1111/dewb.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
La humanidad ya dispone de vacunas eficaces contra el COVID-19. En Perú se administraron 86 millones de dosis para cubrir la demanda de 33 millones de peruanos. Para ello, se ha priorizado la vacunación en grupos clave: personal de salud, sujetos con condiciones de salud preexistentes y mayores de 65 años. Sin embargo, dada la problemática social y la situación de la salud pública en Perú, este trabajo defiende que la prioridad de la vacunación debe centrarse en la población que vive en extrema pobreza. El método utilizado fue una argumentación ética sobre la distribución de la vacuna contra el COVID-19 en Perú. Esta argumentación se basa en el análisis de la población peruana que vive en extrema pobreza, la cual presenta diferentes estratos de vulnerabilidad, y que, ante una eventual infección por SARS-CoV-2, se irían agravando uno tras otro, a través de un efecto en cascada. Este escenario daría lugar a nuevas vulnerabilidades de las ya existentes, causando mayores daños. Los esfuerzos de vacunación en esta población clave les brindaría oportunidad de seguir encontrando formas de llevar alimentos a sus hogares, reduciendo significativamente el riesgo de contagio en su entorno y mitigando el efecto devastador de las enfermedades locales a las que ya está expuesta. Se plantean cuatro objeciones relacionadas con este argumento, con sus correspondientes respuestas. El acceso prioritario a la vacuna reduciría significativamente el daño a las personas que viven en la extrema pobreza, haciendo prevalecer los principios de justicia y equidad.
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Mamani-Benito O, Rojas-Zegarra ME, Carranza Esteban RF, Caycho-Rodríguez T, Vilca LW, Lingán-Huamán SK. New psychometric evidence for the thesis advisor abuse scale (EMAT) in Peruvian university students based on classic and modern procedures. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28475. [PMID: 38560100 PMCID: PMC10979084 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Although evidence of mistreatment toward university students in the academic field has been reported for several years, its study in the context of the development of undergraduate research is still emerging. For this reason, it is necessary to have valid and reliable measurement instruments that allow assessing the magnitude of this problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Thesis Advisor Abuse Scale (EMAT, for its acronym in Spanish) in Peruvian university students. A total of 753 university students (women = 57.4%) from the 3 regions of Peru participated. The internal structure was analyzed under an analytical-factorial approach, and the discrimination and difficulty characteristics of the items were evaluated from the perspective of item response theory (IRT). The findings showed evidence supporting the original three-dimensional structure. Furthermore, all the items on the EMAT have good discriminatory power. Additionally, the EMAT proved to be strictly invariant according to sex, and the reliability coefficients reached high magnitudes. It is concluded that the EMAT is an instrument that has adequate psychometric properties to be used as a measure of mistreatment by advisors in the thesis preparation processes in Peruvian university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Mamani-Benito
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Perú
| | | | | | | | - Lindsey W. Vilca
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Perú
| | - Susana K. Lingán-Huamán
- Carrera de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Perú
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Gilman SD, Gravitt PE, Paz-Soldán VA. Implementation of new technologies designed to improve cervical cancer screening and completion of care in low-resource settings: a case study from the Proyecto Precancer. Implement Sci Commun 2024; 5:35. [PMID: 38581011 PMCID: PMC10998344 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-024-00566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This case study details the experience of the Proyecto Precancer in applying the Integrative Systems Praxis for Implementation Research (INSPIRE) methodology to guide the co-development, planning, implementation, adoption, and sustainment of new technologies and screening practices in a cervical cancer screening and management (CCSM) program in the Peruvian Amazon. We briefly describe the theoretical grounding of the INSPIRE framework, the phases of the INSPIRE process, the activities within each phase, and the RE-AIM outcomes used to evaluate program outcomes. METHODS Proyecto Precancer iteratively engaged over 90 stakeholders in the Micro Red Iquitos Sur (MRIS) health network in the Amazonian region of Loreto, Perú, through the INSPIRE phases. INSPIRE is an integrative research methodology grounded in systems thinking, participatory action research, and implementation science frameworks such as the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. An interrupted time-series design with a mixed-methods RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) evaluation framework was used to examine the adoption of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing (including self-sampling), with direct treatment after visual inspection with portable thermal ablation, at the primary level. RESULTS This approach, blending participatory action research, implementation science, and systems-thinking, led to rapid adoption and successful implementation of the new cervical cancer screening and management program within 6 months, using an HPV-based screen-and-treat strategy across 17 health facilities in one of the largest public health networks of the Peruvian Amazon. Monitoring and evaluation data revealed that, within 6 months, the MRIS had surpassed their monthly screening goals, tripling their original screening rate, with approximately 70% of HPV-positive women reaching a completion of care endpoint, compared with around 30% prior to the new CCSM strategy. CONCLUSIONS Proyecto Precancer facilitated the adoption and sustainment of HPV testing with subsequent treatment of HPV-positive women (after visual inspection) using portable thermal ablation at the primary level. This was accompanied by the de-implementation of existing visual inspection-based screening strategies and colposcopy for routine precancer triage at the hospital level. This case study highlights how implementation science approaches were used to guide the sustained adoption of a new screen-and-treat strategy in the Peruvian Amazon, while facilitating de-implementation of older screening practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Gilman
- Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Patti E Gravitt
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valerie A Paz-Soldán
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Behavioral Sciences Research Unit, Asociación Benéfica Prisma, Lima, Peru.
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Domínguez-Vergara J, Santa-Cruz-Espinoza H, Torres-Villanueva GN, Cabos Zelada EF. [Operational domains of healthy aging: a qualitative description in older adults in Peru]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2024; 59:101485. [PMID: 38518548 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2024.101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Understanding the domains of healthy aging (HA) through the perceptions of older adults is important for the multidimensional determination of the construct according to the culture of Peru and for the development of plans that promote the health, well-being, resources and strengths of older adults. The purpose of this study is to qualitatively explore the operational domains of HA in Peruvian older adults. METHOD The approach adopted was fundamental qualitative descriptive. A purposive sampling was used and 26 participants attending senior centers belonging to the municipal commune of Lima were recruited (Medad=67.9; SD=6.64). Semi-structured interviews were conducted and the content analysis was carried out using an inductive method identifying the units of meaning of the HA. RESULTS The content analysis showed 11 sub-themes and 4 main themes. The identified themes were as follows: "functional health", "psychological well-being", "active engagement with life" and "religion". Given this, the results demonstrate the multidimensionality of HA in Peruvian older adults. CONCLUSION The operational domains of HA indicate the importance of individual perceptions considering functional health, psychological well-being, active engagement with life, and religion. This perspective supports the multidimensional concept of HA. This can be implemented as a guide for government entities working with PAMs. In addition, to formulate new public policies focusing on the domains of HA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry Santa-Cruz-Espinoza
- Dirección de investigación, Universidad Tecnológica del Perú, Lima, Perú; Escuela Profesional de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma del Perú, Lima, Perú
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Gargano MC, DiBiase CE, Miller-Graff LE. What words can tell us about social determinants of mental health: A multi-method analysis of sentiment towards migration experiences and community life in Lima, Perú. Transcult Psychiatry 2024:13634615231213837. [PMID: 38454760 DOI: 10.1177/13634615231213837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
To support resilience in contexts of migration, a deeper understanding of the experiences of both receiving communities and migrants is required. Research on the impacts of migration on community life is limited in contexts with high internal migration (i.e., migrating within one's country of origin). Evidence suggests that cultural similarity, community relationships, and access to resources may be protective factors that could be leveraged to support the mental health of internal migrants. The current study uses data drawn from a sample of pregnant Peruvian women (N = 251), 87 of whom reported being internal migrants and 164 of whom reported being from the locale of the study (Lima, Perú). The aim was to better understand the social experience of internal migration for both local and migrant women. Inductive thematic analysis was used to examine migration experience and perceived impact of migration on community life. Internal migrants discussed three themes relative to their experiences: motivations, adjustment, and challenges. Experiences of women in receiving communities consisted of four themes related to migration: positive, negative, neutral, and mixed perceptions. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC-22) software was also used to assess sentiment towards migration. Across both analytic methods, migration motivations and perceptions were multifaceted and migrants reported a wide range of challenges before, during, and after migration. Findings indicated that attitudes toward migration are broadly positive, and that there is a more positive appraisal of migration's impact on the community life for internal as opposed to international migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caterina Gargano
- Department of Psychology and Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame
| | | | - Laura E Miller-Graff
- Department of Psychology and Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame
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Carosella EA, Huerta L, Galea JT, Lecca L, Ramos K, Hernández NG, Franke MF, Peinado J. A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Self-Reported Needs and Health Service Utilization Among Transgender Women in Lima, Perú. LGBT Health 2023; 10:535-543. [PMID: 37093035 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2022.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Globally, transgender women (TGW) experience wide-ranging barriers to health and care, with disproportionately high risks of infectious and chronic diseases. Yet, research on transgender populations' access to care in low- and middle-income countries remains limited, focused on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and assesses TGW as a homogenous group. We analyzed morbidity and health service uptake patterns among TGW in Lima, Perú, to understand health outreach and service needs to inform targeting and design of community-level interventions. Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed a convenience sample of 301 TGW in metropolitan Lima during September-October 2020. We report descriptive statistics and bivariable and multivariable regression model results as adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs). Results: Health coverage and access to care were suboptimal. Less education and older age were positively associated with illness and negatively associated with HIV and tuberculosis (TB) testing. In the first study to quantitatively examine health utilization by gender identity subgroup (i.e., woman, trans or transgender, transsexual, "transformista," "travesti," and other) in Perú, TGW who identified as women were more likely to ever test for HIV (aPR = 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-1.91) and use pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) (aPR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.15-4.80). Both awareness and interest regarding PrEP were low, as was usage among those who were interested in taking PrEP. Conclusion: Public health efforts should be tailored to meet TGW's diverse needs, expand TB testing, bridge the gap between PrEP interest and use, and increase insurance coverage and access to trans-friendly services for improved health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Carosella
- Department of Epidemiology and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jerome T Galea
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- School of Social Work, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Leonid Lecca
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Partners In Health/Socios En Salud Sucursal Perú, Lima, Perú
| | - Karen Ramos
- Partners In Health/Socios En Salud Sucursal Perú, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Molly F Franke
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jesús Peinado
- Partners In Health/Socios En Salud Sucursal Perú, Lima, Perú
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Peruvian University of Applied Sciences, Lima, Perú
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Choquez-Millan L, Soto A. Sleep quality and perinatal depression in pregnant women treated in a primary care centre in Lima, Peru. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2023; 52:287-296. [PMID: 38008670 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim is to evaluate the association between sleep quality and perinatal depression in pregnant women between the 12th week of gestation and the 36th week of gestation in a maternity and child centre in Lima. METHODS Analytical cross-sectional study in pregnant women cared for in a primary care centre between August and December 2019. The data were collected through a self-administered survey. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality. The evaluation of perinatal depression was performed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). For the multivariate analysis, Poisson regression with robust variances was used to calculate the crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and their respective confidence intervals. RESULTS The sample was composed of 200 participants. The median [IQR] age was 26 [22-32] years, and 111 (55.5%) pregnancies were unplanned. 52% presented a poor quality of sleep and the risk of perinatal depression was 31.5%. Poor quality of sleep was associated with a significantly higher frequency of perinatal depression (aPR = 4.8 for those with poor quality of sleep warranting medical attention, and aPR = 6.6 for those with poor quality of sleep warranting medical attention and treatment). CONCLUSIONS There is a possible association between poor sleep quality and perinatal depression in pregnant women between weeks 12 and 36 of gestation. Operational research should be promoted to assess whether interventions to improve sleep quality could have a positive impact on reducing perinatal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alonso Soto
- Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue, Lima, Peru
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Juárez-Chávez E, Villalobos Ruiz JH, Carrasco Navarro RM, Guerrero Vásquez R, Chávez Alvarado SI. Exploring the prevalence of abortion and its characteristics in Perú. Contraception 2023; 126:110115. [PMID: 37467920 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2023.110115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our paper presents the analysis of a nationwide survey that explored induced abortion among women using a ballot-box technique. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of abortion and the main characteristics of the procedure. STUDY DESIGN We conducted surveys in households with 2400 women aged 18-49 from urban areas nationwide, between October 15 and 29, 2018. Data collection was overseen by the Instituto de Opinión Pública de la Universidad Católica del Perú. We performed a probabilistic, multistage, and socioeconomic level-stratified sampling. Our study used the "ballot-box technique" to ensure anonymity and reduce the risk of social desirability. RESULTS We visited 15,433 houses nationwide. Among those households where surveys could not be conducted, it was due to abandoned or inaccessible property, unwilling to participate, absent members, out of quota, or inconclusive survey. On average, 19.0% of Peruvian women at all socioeconomic levels reported having had at least one abortion in their lifetime. Induced abortion is reported at all socioeconomic levels and reported age of the abortion is concentrated between 19 and 29 years old. In 57.7% of cases, women sought healthcare personnel for their last induced abortion. Among them, procedure abortion (45.3%) stands out over medical abortions (34.0%). Thirty-three percent of women who reported having had at least one induced abortion in their lifetime were admitted to a hospital after their last abortion. CONCLUSIONS The illegality of abortion has not prevented its occurrence in Peru. Our results suggest that, in Peru, legal restrictions on induced abortion create an unfavorable context for women's health, exposing them to services whose safety is not guaranteed. Efforts should be made to increase awareness and education about contraception and family planning methods to prevent unwanted pregnancies and reduce the need for abortion. IMPLICATIONS These findings should be considered in public policy discussions regarding abortion, since they might have a great impact for better decision making. They demonstrate that legal restrictions have not prevented the occurrence of abortion but has only created unsafe conditions around it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José H Villalobos Ruiz
- Escuela Profesional de Antropología, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú.
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Sandoval-Bances J, Saavedra-Samillán M, Huyhua-Gutiérrez S, Rojas LM, Tejada-Muñoz S, Tapia-Limonchi R, Chenet SM. Molecular characterization of the Plasmodium falciparum k13 gene helix domain in samples from native communities of Condorcanqui, Amazonas, Perú. Biomedica 2023; 43:352-359. [PMID: 37871569 PMCID: PMC10624420 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to different antimalarial drugs is an obstacle to disease elimination. The artemisinin-resistant genotype of P. falciparum can be assessed by examining polymorphisms in the helix domain of the Pfk13 gene. The World Health Organization recommends these mutations as molecular markers to detect artemisinin-resistant in countries where P. falciparum malaria is endemic. Objective. To identify artemisinin resistance-related mutations present in the helix domain of the P. falciparum k13 gene. Materials and methods. We collected a total of 51 samples through passive case detection, positive for Plasmodium by microscopy, from six communities in the district of Río Santiago in Condorcanqui, Amazonas. Molecular species confirmation was performed by real-time PCR and Pfk13 helix domain was amplified and sequenced by capillary electrophoresis. The obtained sequences were compared with the wild type 3D7 reference strain. Results. A total of 51 positive samples were confirmed for P. falciparum from the communities of Ayambis, Chapiza, Palometa, Muchinguis, Alianza Progreso and Caterpiza. DNA sequences alignment showed the absence of resistance-associated mutations in the k13 gene of the collected samples. Discussion. The obtained results are consistent with similar studies conducted in other South American countries, including Perú, so these data provide a baseline for artemisinin-resistance molecular surveillance in the Amazon region and reinforce the efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapy in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Sandoval-Bances
- nstituto de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Triunfo, Chachapoyas, Perú.
| | - Milagros Saavedra-Samillán
- nstituto de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Triunfo, Chachapoyas, Perú.
| | - Sonia Huyhua-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Triunfo, Chachapoyas, Perú; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Triunfo, Chachapoyas, Perú.
| | - Luis M Rojas
- Dirección Regional de Salud de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Perú.
| | - Sonia Tejada-Muñoz
- Instituto de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Triunfo, Chachapoyas, Perú 2 Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Triunfo, Chachapoyas, Perú.
| | - Rafael Tapia-Limonchi
- Instituto de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Triunfo, Chachapoyas, Perú; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, Perú.
| | - Stella M Chenet
- Instituto de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Triunfo, Chachapoyas, Perú; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, Perú.
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Tsai YH, Janssen TWP, Vu TV, Meeter M, van Atteveldt NM, Jansen BRJ, Magis-Weinberg L. Trajectories of early adolescents' perceptions of school motivation and effort during the pandemic in Perú: A four time point longitudinal observational study. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 239:103984. [PMID: 37523830 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this longitudinal, observational study, following 883 adolescents (aged 11-15 years, grades 6th - 8th) we tracked changes in perceived school motivation and effort across four time points during the two years of remote education in Perú as a consequence of COVID-19 (retrospective reports before the pandemic, May 2020, July 2021, and November 2021). Compared to before the pandemic, levels of perceived school motivation and effort dropped sharply in May 2020 and continued to decrease across 2 years. Perceived school motivation was positively associated with perceived school effort at almost all time points. Furthermore, students with lower levels of perceived school motivation had a steeper decline in perceived school effort. In a subsample of 380 students in 8th grade, perceived school effort in July 2021 predicted objective math performance in November 2021. Our findings suggest that COVID-19 has further compounded decreases in subjective and objective indices of school engagement and performance that are typically observed in early adolescence. Our results from a large sample of low- to middle-class Peruvian adolescents highlight the experiences of youth in a country that had particularly long school closures, and that is under-represented in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Heng Tsai
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Tieme W P Janssen
- LEARN! Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Section Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tuong-Van Vu
- LEARN! Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Section Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Meeter
- LEARN! Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Educational and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nienke M van Atteveldt
- LEARN! Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical, Neuro- & Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda R J Jansen
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Roman-Lazarte V, Moncada-Mapelli E, Huarcaya-Victoria J. Evolution and differences of suicide rates in Peru by gender and department, 2017-2019. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2023; 52:185-192. [PMID: 37867030 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Annual suicide rates are increasingly notably worldwide due to various accompanying risk factors. The objective of this study is to know the suicide mortality rates and their distribution between the years 2017 and 2019. METHODS The national death registries of the Ministry of Health of Peru were analysed, calculating the regional death rates from suicides adjusted for age and gender using the standardisation recommended by the World Health Organization. RESULTS A total of 1666 cases of suicide were identified (69.3% males); the age group with the highest frequency was that of 20-29 years (27.8%); the mean age at suicide was higher in males (37.49±18.96 vs. 27.86±15.42; P<.001). Hanging was the most common suicide method among both males (58.87%) and females (48.14%). For males, hanging was followed by poisoning (22.6%) and firearms (4.59%); for females, by poisoning (38.75%) and firearms (0.59%). The suicide rate increased from 2017 (1.44/100,000 inhabitants) to 2019 (1.95). The highest rates were identified in the departments of Arequipa, Moquegua and Tacna. CONCLUSIONS In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of suicide cases and the rates by department, with the highest number of cases reported in males. Males tend to use more violent suicide methods. The risk factors in the vulnerable populations that were identified in this study need to be known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Roman-Lazarte
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Cerro de Pasco, Perú; COLÓNIDA, Grupo de Investigación de Pregrado, Perú
| | - Enrique Moncada-Mapelli
- COLÓNIDA, Grupo de Investigación de Pregrado, Perú; Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina Humana, Universidad San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú
| | - Jeff Huarcaya-Victoria
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú; Unidad de Psiquiatría de Enlace, Servicio de Psiquiatría de Adultos, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Seguro Social de Salud EsSalud, Lima, Perú.
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Méndez-Maturrano ÁN, Perales-San-Miguel JL, Alarco JJ. Occupational risk perception and its associated factors among nurses and physicians in Peruvian health facilities. Rev Bras Med Trab 2023; 21:e2021928. [PMID: 38313793 PMCID: PMC10835416 DOI: 10.47626/1679-4435-2021-928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction A high perceived risk is related to lower rates of occupational accidents in the health personnel. Objectives To determine the levels of occupational risk perception and its associated factors in nurses and physicians from health facilities in Peru during 2016. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with secondary data from the National Survey of Health Users Satisfaction (Encuesta Nacional de Satisfacción de Usuarios en Salud) 2016. The problem variable was the occupational risk perception, and sociodemographic variables and variables related to occupational risk exposure were included as possible associated factors. Crude and adjusted ordinal logistic regression models were developed to determine the associated factors. All estimates were weighted according to the National Survey of Health Users Satisfaction 2016 complex sampling. Results Levels of perceived occupational risk were similar between nurses and physicians. Weekly working hours, having a previous work accident, and receiving protective equipment were found to be associated with occupational risk perception in nurses. Age, institution of origin, having a specialty, suffering from a chronic disease, and receiving occupational risk training were found to be associated with occupational risk perception in physicians. Conclusions In Peru, the levels of occupational risk perception in nurses and physicians are similar. However, the associated factors differ according to the profession. These findings may contribute to the norms or laws related to the occupational safety of health personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J. Jhonnel Alarco
- Carrera de Medicina Humana, Universidad Científica del Sur,
Lima, Perú
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13
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Diaz-Santibañez I, Clark BL, Zavalaga CB. Guanay cormorant (Leucocarbo bougainvilliorum) pellets as an indicator of marine plastic pollution along the Peruvian coast. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 192:115104. [PMID: 37301006 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution affects many taxa worldwide, and monitoring is crucial for understanding its impacts, particularly where plastic reaches threatened species or those destined for human consumption. This study evaluates plastic ingestion in Near Threatened guanay cormorants (Leucocarbo bougainvilliorum), which catch prey that are also targeted by fisheries, through pellet analysis at ten locations in Peru. Plastic occurred in 162 (7.08 %) of 2286 pellets, consisting of mainly user plastics, including 5 % between mega or macro (>20 mm), 23 % meso (5-20 mm), 67 % micro (1-5 mm) plastics and 5 % ultrafine (1 μm-1 mm). We found significantly higher percentages occurrence of plastic for colonies close to more river mouths. Our results show that seabird pellet sampling is a useful tool for monitoring marine plastic pollution in Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Diaz-Santibañez
- Unidad de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos - Grupo de Aves Marinas, Universidad Científica del Sur, Car. Antigua Panamericana Sur Km. 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru; Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Car. Antigua Panamericana Sur Km. 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Bethany L Clark
- BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK; University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Carlos B Zavalaga
- Unidad de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos - Grupo de Aves Marinas, Universidad Científica del Sur, Car. Antigua Panamericana Sur Km. 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru.
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14
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Contreras-Mancilla J, Cerapio JP, Ruiz E, Fernández R, Casavilca-Zambrano S, Machicado C, Fournié JJ, Pineau P, Bertani S. Hepatocellular carcinoma in Peru: A molecular description of an unconventional clinical presentation. Rev Gastroenterol Mex (Engl Ed) 2023:S2255-534X(23)00044-0. [PMID: 37164797 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most frequent cancer of digestive tract tumors in Peru, with a high mortality rate of 17.7 per 100,000 inhabitants. A significant number of HCC cases in Peru do not follow the classic clinical epidemiology of the disease described in other parts of the world. Those patients present with a distinct transcriptome profile and a singular tumor process, suggesting a particular type of hepatocarcinogenesis in a portion of the Peruvian population. Our aim was to understand the clinical and biologic involvement of the epigenetic profile (methylation) and gene expression (transcriptome) of HCC in Peruvian patients. METHODS HCC and liver transcriptome and DNA methylation profiles were evaluated in 74 Peruvian patients. RESULTS When grouped by age, there was greater DNA methylation in younger patients with HCC but no differences with respect to the transcriptomic profile. A high prevalence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) (>90%) was also observed in the younger patients with HCC. Enrichment analyses in both molecular profiles pinpointed PRC2 as an important molecular effector of that liver tumor process in Peruvian patients. CONCLUSION HCC in Peruvian patients has a unique molecular profile, associated with the presence of HBV, as well as overall DNA hypermethylation related to undifferentiated liver cells or cellular reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Contreras-Mancilla
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional y Biología Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía - LID, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Laboratorio Mixto Internacional de Oncología Antropológica Molecular (LOAM), IRD, INEN, Lima, Peru
| | - J P Cerapio
- Laboratorio Mixto Internacional de Oncología Antropológica Molecular (LOAM), IRD, INEN, Lima, Peru; Université de Toulouse, UMR 1037 CRCT, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; Laboratorio de Excelencia Toulouse-Cáncer (TOUCAN), Toulouse, France
| | - E Ruiz
- Laboratorio Mixto Internacional de Oncología Antropológica Molecular (LOAM), IRD, INEN, Lima, Peru; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - R Fernández
- Laboratorio Mixto Internacional de Oncología Antropológica Molecular (LOAM), IRD, INEN, Lima, Peru; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - S Casavilca-Zambrano
- Laboratorio Mixto Internacional de Oncología Antropológica Molecular (LOAM), IRD, INEN, Lima, Peru; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - C Machicado
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional y Biología Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía - LID, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Instituto de Biocomputación y Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J J Fournié
- Laboratorio Mixto Internacional de Oncología Antropológica Molecular (LOAM), IRD, INEN, Lima, Peru; Université de Toulouse, UMR 1037 CRCT, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; Laboratorio de Excelencia Toulouse-Cáncer (TOUCAN), Toulouse, France
| | - P Pineau
- Laboratorio Mixto Internacional de Oncología Antropológica Molecular (LOAM), IRD, INEN, Lima, Peru; Institut Pasteur, U 993, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - S Bertani
- Laboratorio Mixto Internacional de Oncología Antropológica Molecular (LOAM), IRD, INEN, Lima, Peru; Université de Toulouse, UMR 152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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15
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López de la Lama R, Bennett N, Bulkan J, Boyd D, Chan KMA. A legal assessment of private land conservation in South America. Conserv Biol 2023:e14068. [PMID: 36786052 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Privately protected areas (PPAs) are a potentially innovative conservation tool. Legal recognition is necessary for their success, especially where there are institutional challenges to nature conservation, such as in South America. Although PPAs have increased in South America since the early 2000s, there is a critical information gap pertaining to their legal frameworks. We analyzed the level of landowner commitment to and governmental support for PPAs across countries in South America that officially recognize PPAs. We analyzed the legal framework governing PPAs and reviewed literature on them. This process was done in English and Spanish. The information we gathered was validated by 16 conservation experts from 10 South American countries. Because Peru is 1 of only 2 South American countries where local communities create and manage PPAs, we studied Peruvian PPAs in more detail by examining official creation documents and interviewing 13 local conservation professionals. We found inadequate minimum duration of PPAs and vague guidelines for conducting economic activities within them and a lack of governmental support (e.g., financial and technical support) for PPAs. Support was limited to the exemption from rural property taxes, which are relatively low compared with countries outside South America. In Peru, PPAs run by individuals and communities needed different legal frameworks because they were created with different objectives and had different sizes and duration of commitments. The prompt improvement of legal frameworks across South America is necessary for PPAs to achieve their aim of being places for enduring nature conservation in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío López de la Lama
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nathan Bennett
- School of Public Policy and Global Affairs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- The Peopled Seas Initiative, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- People and the Ocean Specialist Group, Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy, International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland
- EqualSea Lab, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| | - Janette Bulkan
- Forest Sciences Centre, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David Boyd
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Public Policy and Global Affairs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kai M A Chan
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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16
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Garcia RM, Shiraishi-Zapata CJ, Vallejos RCZ, Chiroque DPG, Maldonado MAO, Palacios JCP, Romero EE, Álamo AHV, Tovar JSC, Uribe SJA, Ruiz RD, Vilela YMM. Surgical care and trauma patients capacity in Piura, Perú - Cross-sectional study. Rev Colomb Anestesiol 2023; 51:e1058. [PMID: 37904840 PMCID: PMC10615123 DOI: 10.5554/22562087.e1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Low and medium income countries face challenges in access and delivery of surgical care, resulting in a high number of deaths and disabled individuals. Objective To estimate the capacity to provide surgical and trauma care in public hospitals in the Piura region, Perú, a middle income country. Methods A survey was administered in public hospitals in the Peruvian region of Piura, which combined the Spanish versions of the PIPES and INTACT surveys, and the WHO situational analysis tool. The extent of the event was assessed based in the absolute differences between the medians of the scores estimated, and the Mann-Whitney bilateral tests, according to the geographical location and the level of hospital complexity. Results Seven public hospitals that perform surgeries in the Piura region were assessed. Three provinces (3/8) did not have any complexity healthcare institutions. The average hospital in the peripheral provinces tended to be smaller than in the capital province in INTACT (8.25 vs. 9.5, p = 0.04). Additionally, water supply issues were identified (2/7), lack of incinerator (3/7), lack of uninterrupted availability of a CT-scanner (5/7) and problems with working hours; in other words, the blood banks in two hospitals were not open 24 hours. Conclusions There is a significant inequality among the provinces in the region in terms of their trauma care capacities and several shortfalls in the public sector healthcare infrastructure. This information is required to conduct future research on capacity measurements in every public and private institution in the Peruvian region of Piura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanna M Garcia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University. Chicago, USA
| | - Carlos Javier Shiraishi-Zapata
- Surgery and Anesthesiology Service, Hospital II Integrado Talara EsSalud. Talara, Perú. Second Specialization Unit, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Perú
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jaime Sergio Castillo Tovar
- Surgery and Anesthesiology Service, Hospital II Integrado Talara EsSalud. Talara, Perú. Second Specialization Unit, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Perú
| | | | - Renato Díaz Ruiz
- Pediatrics Service, Hospital III José Cayetano Heredia" EsSalud. Piura, Perú
| | - Yovanky Miluska More Vilela
- Anesthesiology Service and Surgical Center "Telésforo León Velasco", Hospital III "José Cayetano Heredia" EsSalud. Piura, Perú
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17
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Castillo Velarde E, Ruiz-Peñafiel JA, Alfaro Ita S, Vachharajani TJ. Evaluation of hemodialysis vascular access involving multidisciplinary integration: Perspective from Latin America and Peru. Front Nephrol 2023; 2:1051541. [PMID: 37675021 PMCID: PMC10479608 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2022.1051541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The perspective of vascular access care in patients with end-stage renal disease has migrated from nephrology-centered or vascular surgery-centered care to multidisciplinary-focused patient-centered care. This new perspective should not only be theoretical but also have practical utility. A non-multidisciplinary focus can contribute to the low prevalence of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in the population. Latin America has multiple health systems and the coordination of vascular access is heterogeneous. In Peru, there is a high prevalence of central venous catheter use with its associated complications, such as stenosis, thrombosis, infection, and recurrent hospitalizations in the context of fragmented care. However, in the last few years, there has been an effort to integrate the communication between vascular surgery, interventional radiology, and nephrology to improve vascular access care. In this review, we analyze the availability of care, the intervention, and the future directions from the experience of both perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Castillo Velarde
- INICIB, Instituto de Investigación de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, Peru
- Peruvian Association of Vascular Access (APDAV), Lima, Peru
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Guillermo Almenara, Lima, Peru
| | - José A. Ruiz-Peñafiel
- INICIB, Instituto de Investigación de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, Peru
- Peruvian Association of Vascular Access (APDAV), Lima, Peru
- Department of Cardio-Vascular Surgery, Hospital Guillermo Almenara, Lima, Peru
| | - Sheyla Alfaro Ita
- Peruvian Association of Vascular Access (APDAV), Lima, Peru
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Guillermo Almenara, Lima, Peru
| | - Tushar J. Vachharajani
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Kidney Medicine, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
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18
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De la Cerna-Luna R, Fernandez-Guzman D, Alvarado-Gamarra G, Taype-Rondan A. Developmental delay assessment in children < 5 years of age attended in the Pediatric Rehabilitation Service of a reference hospital in Peru. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2023; 80:189-201. [PMID: 37467440 DOI: 10.24875/bmhim.23000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child development is a complex biological, psychological, and emotional process. Timely screening for developmental delay allows early interventions. Therefore, this study sought to assess the frequency and characteristics of developmental delay in children < 5 years of age who attended the Pediatric Rehabilitation Service of a referral hospital in Peru. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study. Information was collected from medical records of children < 5 years of age who attended between April and September 2022 at the Rebagliati Hospital's Pediatric Rehabilitation Service. The REBA-PED Child Developmental Assessment Profile was used for the developmental assessment, which allows to identify the degree of delay in each area (gross motor, fine motor, hearing and language, intelligence and learning, and personal-social) and the presence of warning signs. RESULTS Of 226 children who attended the service, 49.1% were between 3 and 5 years old, 57.1% were female, only 3.1% were referred for suspected developmental delay, and none had had a previous developmental assessment. Among the children evaluated, 12.4% had a simple developmental delay, 19.5% had a significant developmental delay, and 53.5% had a global developmental delay. In addition, 70.8% presented a warning sign of developmental delay. Hearing and language (86.8%) and intelligence and learning (83.5%) areas had a higher frequency of significant developmental delay. CONCLUSIONS We found a high frequency of developmental delay in the children assessed, predominantly in hearing and language. Although all the children were referred, none had had a previous developmental assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger De la Cerna-Luna
- Servicio de Rehabilitación Pediátrica, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud
| | | | - Giancarlo Alvarado-Gamarra
- Servicio de Pediatría Clínica, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional
- Red de Eficacia Clínica y Sanitaria, REDECS
| | - Alvaro Taype-Rondan
- Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencia en Salud
- EviSalud - Evidencias en Salud. Lima, Peru
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Nuñez-Paucar H, Atamari-Anahui N, Valera-Moreno C. Congenital pulmonary malformations in children in a pediatric hospital in Peru, 2010-2020. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2023; 80:235-241. [PMID: 37703573 DOI: 10.24875/bmhim.23000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital pulmonary malformations (CPMs) are rare in children. This study aimed to describe the clinical, imaging characteristics, and treatment of patients with this pathology. METHODS We conducted a descriptive and retrospective study with data from patients with CPMs diagnosed at Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña (Lima-Peru), from January 2010 to December 2020. We described CPM clinical and imaging characteristics, type and treatment. RESULTS The sample was formed of 70 patients. The median age was 29 months (range 15 days-14 years) and the male/female ratio was 1.4. The chest tomography found parenchymal involvement in 50 (71.4%) cases and mixed involvement (parenchymal and vascular) in 18 (25.7%) cases. Congenital malformation of the pulmonary airway was present in 39 (55.7%) cases, followed by bronchogenic cyst in 10 (14.3%), intralobar pulmonary sequestration in 9 (12.9%), and extralobar pulmonary sequestration in 7 (10%). Lobectomy was performed in 61 (87.1%) cases, cystectomy in 5 (7.1%), segmentectomy in 2 (2.9%), and embolization in 2 (2.9%). The most frequent post-operative complication was pneumonia, found in 9 (12.9%) cases. The median hospital stay was 26 days. No patient died during hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS In our institution, the most frequent CPM was congenital malformation of the pulmonary airway, and lobectomy was the most frequently performed surgical procedure. CPMs represent a diverse group of disorders of lung development with varied imaging patterns and clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Nuñez-Paucar
- Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola. Lima, Peru
| | - Noé Atamari-Anahui
- Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola. Lima, Peru
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20
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Atamari-Anahui N, Nuñez-Paucar H, Paredes-Rodríguez LK, Escalante-Oviedo M, Córdova-Meza JL, Cruz-Vallejos KM, Valera-Moreno C, Untiveros-Tello A. Postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans in children: case series at a pediatric hospital in Peru. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2023; 80:312-319. [PMID: 37963296 DOI: 10.24875/bmhim.23000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans is a rare lung disease; there are limited reports in South America. CASE REPORT We report 10 patients with this disease diagnosed at the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña (Lima-Peru). The median age at diagnosis was 19 months and all patients had a history of severe acute respiratory infection. The most frequent symptoms were cough, respiratory distress, wheezing, and hypoxemia. The mosaic attenuation pattern was the most frequent on the tomography. All the patients had positive serology for adenovirus. The treatment received was methylprednisolone pulses, azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine, and inhaled corticosteroids. No patient died during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS In previously healthy children with a history of severe acute respiratory infection and persistent bronchial obstructive symptoms, the diagnosis of postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans should be considered. This is the first report in Peru with a therapeutic regimen adapted to our institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noé Atamari-Anahui
- Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola. Lima, Perú
| | - Héctor Nuñez-Paucar
- Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola. Lima, Perú
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21
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Camino-Carrasco E, Fernandez-Guzman D, Caira-Chuquineyra B, Hermoza-Rosell R, Auccacusi-Rodriguez J, Pinares-Carrillo D. Differences in the evolution and management of acute appendicitis in patients with COVID-19: a case-control study. CIR CIR 2022; 90:742-748. [PMID: 36472855 DOI: 10.24875/ciru.21000816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has generated uncertainty about the management of appendicitis. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in the evolution and treatment of acute appendicitis in patients with COVID-19 infection compared to patients without the infection. METHODS A case-control study of adult patients hospitalized for acute appendicitis was performed, having as cases those who presented COVID-19. Data were extracted from the medical records. The logistic regression model was used to calculate crude (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS We evaluated 38 cases and 76 controls, the mean age of the patients was 38.2 years (± 16.8), of whom 55.3% were women. Multivariate analysis showed, in cases, a lower probability of intraoperative findings (aOR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.05-0.90) and a surgery time of more than 60 min (aOR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.06-0.80), while there was a greater probability of management by open surgery (aOR: 3.83; 95% CI: 1.42-10.32) and a hospitalization time of more than 3 days after surgery (aOR: 3.33; 95% CI: 1.34-8.26). CONCLUSION Significant differences were observed in terms of intraoperative findings, type of surgery, intraoperative time, and hospitalization time in patients with acute appendicitis and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Camino-Carrasco
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco
| | - Daniel Fernandez-Guzman
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco.,Grupo Peruano de Investigación Epidemiológica, Unidad para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima
| | - Brenda Caira-Chuquineyra
- Grupo Peruano de Investigación Epidemiológica, Unidad para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa
| | - Ramiro Hermoza-Rosell
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco.,Departamento de cirugía, Hospital Regional del Cusco, Cusco
| | | | - Daniel Pinares-Carrillo
- Servicio de Cirugía de Colon y Recto, Departamento de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima. Peru
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Huarcaya-Victoria J, Segura V, Cárdenas D, Sardón K, Caqui M, Podestà Á. Analysis of the care provided over a six-month period by the liaison psychiatry unit at a general hospital in Lima, Peru. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2022; 51:105-112. [PMID: 35753981 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Consultation-liaison psychiatry is a branch of clinical psychiatry that enables psychiatrists to carry out a series of activities within a general hospital. The number of liaison psychiatry units around the world has increased significantly, and Peru is no exception. However, this development is heterogeneous and unknown, so recent study reports are required to reveal the characteristics and details of the clinical care services provided by these units. AIM To describe and report the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients evaluated in the Liaison Psychiatry Unit of the Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital in Lima, Peru, and to analyse the symptomatic and syndromic nature of the identified conditions. METHODS Cross-sectional descriptive study. Referrals to the Liaison Psychiatry Unit of the Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital between May and October 2019 were studied, and a factor analysis of the symptoms was conducted. RESULTS In a total of 400 referrals evaluated, the average age was 58 ± 17.09 years and 61.5% of the patients were women. The rate of psychiatric consultation was 2.73%. Internal medicine (13.9%) was the service that most frequently requested a psychiatric consultation. The disorder most frequently diagnosed was anxiety (44%), and the symptoms most frequently found were depression (45.3%), insomnia (44.5%), and anxiety (41.3%). The most used treatments were antidepressants (44.3%). The exploratory factor analysis of the symptoms showed three syndromic components: delirium, depression, and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS The typical patient of this sample is a woman in her late 50s, suffering from a non-psychiatric medical illness, and with anxiety disorders as the main diagnosis resulting from the psychiatric consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Huarcaya-Victoria
- Unidad de Psiquiatría de Enlace, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Peru; Departamento Académico de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina de San Fernando, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
| | - Victoria Segura
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Danitza Cárdenas
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Kathia Sardón
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Mónica Caqui
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Ángela Podestà
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
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Luna Espinoza LR, Carhuaricra Huamán D, Quino Quispe R, Rosadio Alcántara RH, Maturrano Hernández AL. Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 in Peruvian dogs: Temporal/geographical and evolutionary dynamics of virus. Infect Genet Evol 2022; 99:105255. [PMID: 35227878 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) has been recognized all around the world as the causal agent of a contagious and highly mortal disease in domestic dogs. In Peru, the infection is endemic and unvaccinated animals and puppies are the most at risk. In order to analyze viral diversity and determine the evolutionary genetic relationships and transmission dynamic of Peruvian CPV-2, were collected during the period of 2016-2017 rectal swabs from puppies with parvovirosis compatible symptoms. Viral DNA was amplified by PCR using primers that flanked the ends of the viral genome and sequenced by Illumina Miseq platform. Twenty-six genomic sequences (NSP1-VP1) of CPV from several districts in Lima Metropolitan area were obtained. The VP2 gene analysis demonstrated the presence of the New CPV-2a, New CPV-2b and 2c variants. The phylodynamic analysis of the viral genomes determined that all Peruvian sequences were clustered into a big clade named South American clade that emerged from the west region of Europe (Italy). The Time to the Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRCA) of the South American clade was dated to 1993. Peruvian sequences were distributed into three subclades, and the 92% of these sequences were related to Ecuadorian CPV-2. The results suggests that three independent introduction events of virus from other countries could have occurred, in two of these events, CPV-2 from Ecuador were introduced in Peru in 2003 and 2009, and another introduction event, in 2000, from Europe. Overall, these results indicate a viral genetic relationship between Peruvian with Ecuadorian and European virus, and the circulation of several viral subpopulations in Lima Metropolitan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Luna Espinoza
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation (SANIGEN), Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
| | - Dennis Carhuaricra Huamán
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation (SANIGEN), Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
| | - Raquel Quino Quispe
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation (SANIGEN), Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
| | - Raúl H Rosadio Alcántara
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation (SANIGEN), Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
| | - Abelardo Lenin Maturrano Hernández
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation (SANIGEN), Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
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Sánchez-Luque B, Martínez-Angulo P, Cantón-Habas V, Ventura-Puertos PE. Care and Rearing of Institutionalized Girls in Arequipa, Peru: An Ethnographic Approach. J Transcult Nurs 2021; 33:190-198. [PMID: 34784813 DOI: 10.1177/10436596211057898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Institutional care for children is a global phenomenon. Despite its advantages, common threats have been described. In Peru, more than 70% of institutionalized children/adolescents have living parents who cannot take care of them. The study aims to understand the care/rearing of institutionalized girls in Arequipa, Peru. METHODOLOGY Ethnographic design, with a sample integrated by 27 institutionalized girls. Data collected based on participant observation and semi-structured interviews. The analysis followed the Method of Constant Comparisons. RESULTS Five main themes were found: (a) The little house (foster home) is better than my house; (b) They take care of me-even when I am sick-; (c) But . . .; (d) What I have lived is what I am; (e) Happiness fits in this little house. DISCUSSION An ethnography of care/rearing practices could be helpful for a better understanding of the dimensions of the life of institutionalized girls living in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Sánchez-Luque
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pablo Martínez-Angulo
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Vanesa Cantón-Habas
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pedro E Ventura-Puertos
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain
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Cyrus E, Sanchez J, Madhivanan P, Lama JR, Bazo AC, Valencia J, Leon SR, Villaran M, Vagenas P, Sciaudone M, Vu D, Coudray MS, Atice FL. Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence, Substance Use Disorders and Depression among Incarcerated Women in Lima, Perú. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182111134. [PMID: 34769653 PMCID: PMC8583326 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background: Globally, there is evidence supporting the co-occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV), substance use disorders (SUD) and mental health disorders among women in prisons, however, there is limited research investigating these domains in the Andean region where rates of female incarceration have increased. The study objective was to explore the prevalence of IPV, SUD and depression among incarcerated women in a Peruvian prison and explore associations among these variables and related correlates. Methods: 249 incarcerated women responded to a questionnaire about IPV, substance use, depression, and sexual behavior, and were screened for HIV/sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Univariate analysis and logistic regression were used to estimate relative risk and the influence of substance use and depression on IPV rates. Results: Twelve months prior to incarceration, of the women with sexual partners pre-incarceration (n = 212), 69.3% experienced threats of violence, 61.4% experienced ≥1 acts of physical violence, and 28.3% reported ≥1 act of sexual aggression. Pre-incarceration, 68.1% of drug-using women had a SUD, and 61.7% of those who consumed alcohol reported hazardous/harmful drinking. There were 20 (8.0%) HIV/STD cases; and 67.5% of the women reported depressive symptoms. Compared to women with no experiences of physical violence, a greater proportion of women who experienced least l violent act had depressive symptoms and engaged in sex work pre-incarceration. Depression was associated with physical violence (adjusted relative risk = 1.35, 95% confidence interval: 1.14–1.58). Recommendations: The findings provide evidence of a syndemic of IPV, substance abuse and depression among incarcerated women in a Peruvian prison. To help guide policy makers, further research is needed to determine if this is indicative of trends for other at-risk women in the region, and viable options to treat these women during incarceration to prevent recidivism and other long-term negative sequalae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cyrus
- Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida (UCF), Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (D.V.); (M.S.C.)
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jorge Sanchez
- Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Biomédicas y Medioambientales, Callao 07006, Peru;
| | - Purnima Madhivanan
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
- Public Health Research Institute of India, Mysore 560020, Karnataka, India
| | - Javier R. Lama
- Asociación Civil Impacta Salud y Educación, Lima 15603, Peru; (J.R.L.); (J.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Andrea Cornejo Bazo
- International Degrees Department, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima 15023, Peru;
| | - Javier Valencia
- Asociación Civil Impacta Salud y Educación, Lima 15603, Peru; (J.R.L.); (J.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Segundo R. Leon
- Office of Research and Technology Transfer, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Chorrillos 15067, Peru;
| | - Manuel Villaran
- Asociación Civil Impacta Salud y Educación, Lima 15603, Peru; (J.R.L.); (J.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Panagiotis Vagenas
- Berkeley Research Development Office, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA;
| | - Michael Sciaudone
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - David Vu
- Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida (UCF), Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (D.V.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Makella S. Coudray
- Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida (UCF), Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (D.V.); (M.S.C.)
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Pedraz-Petrozzi B, Krüger-Malpartida H, Arevalo-Flores M, Salmavides-Cuba F, Anculle-Arauco V, Dancuart-Mendoza M. Emotional Impact on Health Personnel, Medical Students, and General Population Samples During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Lima, Peru. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2021; 50:189-198. [PMID: 34544584 PMCID: PMC8448287 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of the study is to compare the emotional effects of COVID-19 among three different groups, namely: health personnel, medical students, and a sample of the general population. Methods 375 participants were recruited for this study, of which 125 were medical students (preclinical studies, 59; clinical studies, 66), 125 were health personnel (COVID-19 frontline personnel, 59; personnel not related with COVID-19, 66), and 125 belonged to the general population. The PHQ-9, GAD-7, and CPDI scales were used to assess the emotional impact. A multinomial logistic regression was performed to measure differences between groups, considering potential confounding factors. Results Regarding CPDI values, all other groups showed reduced values compared to COVID-19 frontline personnel. However, the general population, preclinical and clinical medical students showed increased PHQ-9 values compared to COVID-19 frontline personnel. Finally, confounding factors, gender and age correlated negatively with higher CPDI and PHQ-9 scores. Conclusions Being frontline personnel is associated with increased COVID-19-related stress. Depression is associated, however, with other groups not directly involved with the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Female gender and younger age correlated with COVID-19-related depression and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Pedraz-Petrozzi
- Cognitive Neurosciences, Center for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Hessen, Germany.
| | - Hever Krüger-Malpartida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Cayetano Heredia Hospital, San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru; Faculty of Medicine, Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University, San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Martin Arevalo-Flores
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Cayetano Heredia Hospital, San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru; Faculty of Medicine, Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University, San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Frine Salmavides-Cuba
- Faculty of Medicine, Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University, San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru; Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cayetano Heredia Hospital, San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Victor Anculle-Arauco
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Cayetano Heredia Hospital, San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru
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Choquez-Millan L, Soto A. Sleep Quality and Perinatal Depression in Pregnant Women Treated in a Primary Care Centre in Lima, Peru. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2021; 52:S0034-7450(21)00130-X. [PMID: 34456055 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim is to evaluate the association between sleep quality and perinatal depression in pregnant women between the 12th week of gestation and the 36th week of gestation in a maternity and child centre in Lima. METHODS Analytical cross-sectional study in pregnant women cared for in a primary care centre between August and December 2019. The data were collected through a self-administered survey. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality. The evaluation of perinatal depression was performed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). For the multivariate analysis, Poisson regression with robust variances was used to calculate the crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and their respective confidence intervals. RESULTS The sample was composed of 200 participants. The median [IQR] age was 26 [22-32] years, and 111 (55.5%) pregnancies were unplanned. 52% presented a poor quality of sleep and the risk of perinatal depression was 31.5%. Poor quality of sleep was associated with a significantly higher frequency of perinatal depression (aPR=4.8 for those with poor quality of sleep warranting medical attention, and aPR=6.6 for those with poor quality of sleep warranting medical attention and treatment). CONCLUSIONS There is a possible association between poor sleep quality and perinatal depression in pregnant women between weeks 12 and 36 of gestation. Operational research should be promoted to assess whether interventions to improve sleep quality could have a positive impact on reducing perinatal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alonso Soto
- Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue, Lima, Perú
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Meisner J, Frisbie LA, Munayco CV, García PJ, Cárcamo CP, Morin CW, Pigott DM, Rabinowitz PM. A novel approach to modeling epidemic vulnerability, applied to Aedes aegypti-vectored diseases in Perú. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:846. [PMID: 34418974 PMCID: PMC8379593 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06530-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A proactive approach to preventing and responding to emerging infectious diseases is critical to global health security. We present a three-stage approach to modeling the spatial distribution of outbreak vulnerability to Aedes aegypti-vectored diseases in Perú. Methods Extending a framework developed for modeling hemorrhagic fever vulnerability in Africa, we modeled outbreak vulnerability in three stages: index case potential (stage 1), outbreak receptivity (stage 2), and epidemic potential (stage 3), stratifying scores on season and El Niño events. Subsequently, we evaluated the validity of these scores using dengue surveillance data and spatial models. Results We found high validity for stage 1 and 2 scores, but not stage 3 scores. Vulnerability was highest in Selva Baja and Costa, and in summer and during El Niño events, with index case potential (stage 1) being high in both regions but outbreak receptivity (stage 2) being generally high in Selva Baja only. Conclusions Stage 1 and 2 scores are well-suited to predicting outbreaks of Ae. aegypti-vectored diseases in this setting, however stage 3 scores appear better suited to diseases with direct human-to-human transmission. To prevent outbreaks, measures to detect index cases should be targeted to both Selva Baja and Costa, while Selva Baja should be prioritized for healthcare system strengthening. Successful extension of this framework from hemorrhagic fevers in Africa to an arbovirus in Latin America indicates its broad utility for outbreak and pandemic preparedness and response activities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06530-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Meisner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Center for One Health Research, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Lauren A Frisbie
- Center for One Health Research, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - César V Munayco
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Prevención y Control de Enfermedades, Peruvian Ministry of Health, Lima, Peru
| | - Patricia J García
- School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - César P Cárcamo
- School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Cory W Morin
- Center for Health and the Global Environment, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David M Pigott
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter M Rabinowitz
- Center for One Health Research, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Llamocuro-Mamani P, Medrano-Espinoza F, Montealegre-Soto D. Salud mental en la población peruana durante la COVID-19. CIR CIR 2021; 89:416-417. [PMID: 34037608 DOI: 10.24875/ciru.20001303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
La salud mental en respuesta a la pandemia de COVID-19 es un tema importante. En este artículo se hace una comparación en la población peruana dando a conocer diversos estudios, agregando los factores asociados a su desarrollo. Mental health as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic is an important subject. This article makes a comparison with the Peruvian population, releasing many studies, adding the factors associated with its development.
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Roman-Lazarte V, Moncada-Mapelli E, Huarcaya-Victoria J. Evolution and Differences of Suicide Rates in Peru by Gender and Department, 2017-2019. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2021; 52:S0034-7450(21)00074-3. [PMID: 34059318 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Annual suicide rates are increasingly notably worldwide due to various accompanying risk factors. The objective of this study is to know the suicide mortality rates and their distribution between the years 2017 and 2019. METHODS The national death registries of the Ministry of Health of Peru were analysed, calculating the regional death rates from suicides adjusted for age and gender using the standardisation recommended by the World Health Organization. RESULTS A total of 1,666 cases of suicide were identified (69.3% males); the age group with the highest frequency was that of 20 to 29 years (27.8%); the mean age at suicide was higher in males (37.49±18.96 vs. 27.86±15.42; p<0.001). Hanging was the most common suicide method among both males (58.87%) and females (48.14%). For males, hanging was followed by poisoning (22.6%) and firearms (4.59%); for females, by poisoning (38.75%) and firearms (0.59%). The suicide rate increased from 2017 (1.44/100,000 inhabitants) to 2019 (1.95). The highest rates were identified in the departments of Arequipa, Moquegua and Tacna. CONCLUSIONS In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of suicide cases and the rates by department, with the highest number of cases reported in males. Males tend to use more violent suicide methods. The risk factors in the vulnerable populations that were identified in this study need to be known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Roman-Lazarte
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Cerro de Pasco, Perú; COLÓNIDA, Grupo de Investigación de Pregrado, Perú
| | - Enrique Moncada-Mapelli
- COLÓNIDA, Grupo de Investigación de Pregrado, Perú; Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina Humana, Universidad San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú
| | - Jeff Huarcaya-Victoria
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú; Unidad de Psiquiatría de Enlace, Servicio de Psiquiatría de Adultos, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Seguro Social de Salud EsSalud, Lima, Perú.
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Arias Velásquez RM, Mejía Lara JV. Knowledge management in two universities before and during the COVID-19 effect in Peru. Technol Soc 2021; 64:101479. [PMID: 35702734 PMCID: PMC9186444 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge management evaluation is an important and complex problem in Peruvian universities. An efficient policy in knowledge management is a critical success factor and will also advance teaching and research. Likewise, innovation is a key resource for the well-being of national economies and international competitive advantage, especially with COVID-19 9 restrictions. This research article has demonstrated that an assessment of knowledge management (KM) capability in two private universities could be used for an efficient policy, in order to obtain the best result in knowledge management maturity. Having discussed how to construct a model for KM, the final section of this paper addresses ways of the incorporation of this technology in the society. The case study has been developed in Lima, associated to two universities with 271 teachers and 5928 students; with this model could be used for KM assessment in all university in Peru. This study uses the "Intellectus Model, Mejia model organizational knowledge capability areas and Knowledge Management Capability Assessment (KMCA) model for the assessment, before and during COVID-19. Our findings have demonstrated the university performance and challenges associated to knowledge management during COVID-19, the new policy for virtual instructions and digital transformation of the educational process have improved the cost efficiencies. However, this system also has a number of serious drawbacks and challenges in innovation, researching, connections with industry and academy; this 2021 requires a new perspective in innovation with a knowledge management scheme in Peruvian universities.
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Hoke MK, McCabe KA. Malnutrition, illness, poverty, and infant growth: A test of a syndemic hypothesis in Nuñoa, Peru. Soc Sci Med 2021; 295:113720. [PMID: 33608135 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The concept of syndemics provides an important framework for understanding the complex interactions of biological and social conditions. Its use in public health and epidemiological research has increased substantially in the past ten years. Many syndemic analyses rely on the use of a sum score and subsequently fail to demonstrate biological interaction, leading some scholars to question the utility of the syndemic approach. Here, we utilize data from 86 mother/infant pairs from the rural district of Nuñoa, Peru to test a potential syndemic relationship among infection, malnutrition and infant growth. Between 2014 and 2015, surveys were conducted to assess household wealth, sanitation, dietary diversity, and reported illness, while anthropometric measures of mothers and infants were conducted to assess nutritional status via height-for-age and weight-for-height z-scores. Ethnographic insight was used in the selection of key economic variables including the development of an agricultural wealth index. We then assessed whether this constellation of health outcomes met the criteria for a syndemic by performing a quantitative analysis in which we tested for (1) an association between economic marginalization and high-risk environments; (2) the concentration of malnutrition, poor growth, and infection; and (3) biological interaction among these health outcomes. We found that economic measures were associated with pathogenic and nutritional risk, and that these in turn were associated with infectious disease, nutritional status, and growth. However, we did not find evidence that the proposed syndemic met criteria (2) or (3). We conclude that, despite being both socially and biologically plausible, a syndemic of malnutrition, poor growth, and infection did not exist in this context. This analysis moves syndemic research forward by demonstrating that such hypotheses are falsifiable, thus presenting a process by which they may be tested and lending support to the use of syndemic theory as an effective analytic framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan K Hoke
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, United States; Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, United States.
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Huarcaya-Victoria J, Segura V, Cárdenas D, Sardón K, Caqui M, Podestà Á. Analysis of the Care Provided Over a Six-Month Period by the Liaison Psychiatry Unit at a General Hospital in Lima, Peru. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2021; 51:S0034-7450(20)30089-5. [PMID: 33735026 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Consultation-liaison psychiatry is a branch of clinical psychiatry that enables psychiatrists to carry out a series of activities within a general hospital. The number of liaison psychiatry units around the world has increased significantly, and Peru is no exception. However, this development is heterogeneous and unknown, so recent study reports are required to reveal the characteristics and details of the clinical care services provided by these units. AIM To describe and report the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients evaluated in the Liaison Psychiatry Unit of the Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital in Lima, Peru, and to analyse the symptomatic and syndromic nature of the identified conditions. METHODS Cross-sectional descriptive study. Referrals to the Liaison Psychiatry Unit of the Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital between May and October 2019 were studied, and a factor analysis of the symptoms was conducted. RESULTS In a total of 400 referrals evaluated, the average age was 58±17.09 years and 61.5% of the patients were women. The rate of psychiatric consultation was 2.73%. Internal medicine (13.9%) was the service that most frequently requested a psychiatric consultation. The disorder most frequently diagnosed was anxiety (44%), and the symptoms most frequently found were depression (45.3%), insomnia (44.5%), and anxiety (41.3%). The most used treatments were antidepressants (44.3%). The exploratory factor analysis of the symptoms showed three syndromic components: delirium, depression, and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS The typical patient of this sample is a woman in her late 50s, suffering from a non-psychiatric medical illness, and with anxiety disorders as the main diagnosis resulting from the psychiatric consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Huarcaya-Victoria
- Unidad de Psiquiatría de Enlace, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Perú; Departamento Académico de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina de San Fernando, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú.
| | - Victoria Segura
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Perú
| | - Danitza Cárdenas
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Perú
| | - Kathia Sardón
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Perú
| | - Mónica Caqui
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Perú
| | - Ángela Podestà
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Perú
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Tavera EA, Stauffer GE, Lank DB, Ydenberg RC. Oversummering juvenile and adult Semipalmated sandpipers in Perú gain enough survival to compensate for foregone breeding opportunity. Mov Ecol 2020; 8:42. [PMID: 33117543 PMCID: PMC7590707 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-020-00226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age at maturity and the timing of first breeding are important life history traits. Most small shorebird species mature and breed as 'yearlings', but have lower reproductive success than adults. In some species, yearlings may defer northward migration and remain in non-breeding regions ('oversummering') until they reach 2 years of age. Some adults also oversummer. Oversummering would be favoured by natural selection if survival were as a result raised sufficiently to compensate for the missed breeding opportunity. Several thousand Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) spend the non-breeding period at Paracas, Perú, including individuals with long bills (likely from eastern Arctic breeding populations ~ 8000 km distant) and short bills (likely from western Arctic breeding populations, up to 11,000 km distant), with short-billed birds more likely to oversummer. We tested the prediction that oversummering birds have higher survival than migrants, and that the magnitude of this higher survival for oversummering birds is enough to compensate for their lost breeding season. METHODS We used a Multi-State Mark-Recapture model based on 5 years of encounter data (n = 1963 marked birds, and 3229 resightings) obtained year-round at Paracas, Perú, to estimate seasonal (i.e. breeding and non-breeding) survivorship for migrant and oversummering birds. We calculated the magnitude of the oversummering survival advantage required to compensate, for both yearlings and adults, based on published measures of annual survival and reproductive success. Using bill length as a proxy for migration distance, we investigated whether migratory survival is distance-dependent. RESULTS We estimate that 28% of yearlings and 19% of adults oversummer. Survival is higher for oversummering birds than for migrants, and the oversummering survival advantage is greater for adults (0.215) than for yearlings (0.140). The theoretical thresholds predicted by the size of the missed reproductive opportunity are 0.240 for adults and 0.134 for yearlings. Migratory survival decreases and the oversummering rate increases with migration distance, as assessed by culmen length. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the life history hypothesis that oversummering raises survival enough to compensate for the loss of a breeding opportunity. Greater migration distance lowers survival and increases the probability of oversummering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveling A. Tavera
- Centre for Wildlife Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
- Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad – CORBIDI, Santa Rita 105, Of. 202, Huertos de San Antonio, Surco, Lima 33, Lima, Peru
- Present address: Centre for Wildlife Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC V5C2G2 Canada
| | - Glenn E. Stauffer
- Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 107 Sutliff Ave, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA
| | - David B. Lank
- Centre for Wildlife Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Ronald C. Ydenberg
- Centre for Wildlife Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
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Valle R. Review of Early Intervention Programmes in Psychosis: Implementation Proposal for Peru. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2020; 49:178-186. [PMID: 32888661 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A delay in receiving an antipsychotic treatment is associated with unfavourable clinical and functional outcomes in patients with a first episode of psychosis. In recent years, early psychosis intervention programmes have been implemented that seek the early detection and treatment of patients who begin to describe psychotic symptoms. These programmes have shown to be more effective than standard care in improving the symptoms of the disorder and recovering the patient's functionality, in turn proving to be more cost-effective. The benefits of these programmes have led to their implementation in high-income countries. However, implementation in medium- and low-income countries has been slower. Peru, a Latin American country with an upper middle income, is undergoing a mental health reform that prioritises health care based on the prevention, treatment and psychosocial recovery of patients from a comprehensive and community approach. The present manuscript describes the characteristics and structure of the pioneering and more developed programmes for early psychosis intervention, and discusses the benefits and challenges of implementing an early psychosis intervention programme in Peru in the current context of mental health reform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Valle
- Centro de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica y Medicina Basada en Evidencias, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú; Facultad de Medicina de San Fernando, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú; DEIDAE de Adultos y Adultos Mayores, Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental Honorio Delgado-Hideyo Noguchi, Lima, Perú.
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Marcos-Carbajal P, Galarza-Pérez M, Huancahuire-Vega S, Otiniano-Trujillo M, Soto-Pastrana J. Comparison of Escherichia coli antibiotic-resistance profiles and incidence of betalactamase phenotypes in three private health facilities in Perú. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 40:139-47. [PMID: 32463616 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.4772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The appearance of multidrug-resistant and beta-lactamase producing enterobacteria in outpatient care facilities represent a public health problem in Perú.
Objective: To compare the resistance profiles of uropathogenic Escherichia coli and to identify extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing phenotypes in three private health facilities located in the Peruvian coast, Andean and jungle regions.
Materials and methods: We conducted a descriptive study on 98 urine samples from Lima (coast), Juliaca (Andean region) and Iquitos (jungle region) during 2016. We determined the antimicrobial susceptibility in 35 samples from Lima, 38 from Juliaca and 25 from Iquitos using eight antibiotic disks in samples from patients diagnosed with urinary infection. We also evaluated the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases with cefotaxime and ceftazidime disks and a combination of both with clavulanic acid on Mueller-Hinton agar.
Results: We identified 18 resistance profiles ranging from those sensitive to others simultaneously resistant to seven antibiotics: 18.4% resistant to one and 54.0% to multiple antibiotics. We detected beta-lactamase production in 28.6% of the strains from the Puno region. Likewise, we observed a greater number of cases with resistance to ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in Puno’s health facility in patients within the 31 to 45 year age range.
Conclusion: Resistance profiles varied according to the geographical location of the health facilities under study. Resistance to antibiotics was higher in the Andean region with 28.6% of strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
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Lankowski A, Sánchez H, Hidalgo J, Cabello R, Duerr A. Sex-on-premise venues, associated risk behaviors, and attitudes toward venue-based HIV testing among men who have sex with men in Lima, Perú. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:521. [PMID: 32306942 PMCID: PMC7168867 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08604-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Perú, HIV disproportionately affects men who have sex with men (MSM). Despite widespread access to treatment, the high rate of new HIV infections has remained unchanged over the last decade. Low knowledge of HIV status associated with late diagnosis is a key factor underlying the high HIV incidence observed in this setting, creating conditions for efficient onward transmission. Improving access to HIV testing and prevention services for those at highest risk is an important public health priority. Sex-on-premise venues (SOPVs) - saunas, sex clubs, pornographic movie theaters, hourly hotels, and bars/discos with areas where sex is permitted - may be opportune sites for outreach; however, further research on SOPVs and the populations who frequent them is needed to inform such efforts. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of adult MSM in Lima, Perú to evaluate patterns of SOPV attendance, associated sexual risk behaviors, and attitudes toward SOPV-based interventions. Participants were recruited through outreach to social media networks affiliated with local LGBTQ-aligned community groups. Our primary analytic objective was to estimate the association of HIV-related sexual risk behaviors and SOPV attendance. Additionally, we performed exploratory analyses to describe risk behavior stratified by SOPV category and to examine the relationship between SOPV attendance and the use of online platforms to meet sex partners. RESULTS Overall, 389 MSM completed the survey from November 2018 through May 2019, of whom 68% reported attending an SOPV in the last 3 months. SOPV attendance was associated with multiple sexual risk behaviors, including transactional sex, group sex, substance use around the time of sex, and higher number of partners. Over two thirds of SOPV attendees indicated they would accept HIV testing if offered at SOPVs. CONCLUSIONS SOPV attendance was common among MSM in Lima who participated in our survey, and SOPV attendees reported significantly greater engagement in sexual risk behaviors related to HIV transmission. Attitudes toward hypothetical SOPV-based interventions were generally favorable. These findings suggest that outreach at SOPVs may be an effective mechanism for reaching a particularly high-risk sub-population of MSM in Perú to deliver targeted HIV testing and prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lankowski
- Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease and Public Health Science Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Ann Duerr
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease and Public Health Science Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology and Global Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
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Terborgh J, Huanca Nuñez N, Feeley K, Beck H. Gaps present a trade-off between dispersal and establishment that nourishes species diversity. Ecology 2020; 101:e02996. [PMID: 32012245 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We took advantage of two natural experiments to investigate processes that regulate tree recruitment in gaps. In the first, we examined the recruitment of small and large saplings and trees into 31 gaps resulting from treefalls occurring between 1984 and 2015 in the 2.25-ha core area of a 4-ha tree plot at Cocha Cashu in Perú. In the second, we identified the tallest saplings recruiting into 69 gaps created during a violent wind storm in February 2000. In the established tree plot, we were able to compare the composition of saplings in the disturbance zones of gaps prior to, during, and subsequent to the period of gap formation. Recruitment in gaps was compared with that in "nofall" zones, areas within the plot that had not experienced a treefall at least since the early 1980s. Our results confirmed earlier findings that a consistently high proportion (~60%) of established saplings survived gap formation. Light demanding species, as proxied by mortality rates, recruited under all conditions, but preferentially during periods of gap formation, a pattern that was especially strong among gap pioneers. Similar results were noted, separately, for small and large saplings and trees recruiting at ≥10 cm dbh. One hundred percent of previously untagged trees recruiting into gaps in the first post-disturbance census were gap pioneers, suggesting rapid development. This conclusion was strongly supported in a follow-up survey taken of 69 gaps 19 months after they had been synchronously created in a wind storm. Ten species of gap pioneers, eight of which are not normally present in the advance regeneration, had attained heights of 6-10 m in 19 months. The 10 gap pioneers were dispersed, variously, by primates, bats, birds, and wind and reached maximum frequency in different-sized gaps (range <100 m2 to >1,000 m2 ). Both gap size and limited dispersal of zoochorous species into gaps serve as filters for establishment, creating a complex mosaic of conditions that enhances species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Terborgh
- Department of Biology and Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nohemi Huanca Nuñez
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588-0118, USA
| | - Kenneth Feeley
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, USA
| | - Harald Beck
- Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, 8000 York Road, Towson, Maryland, 21252, USA
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Calderón-de la Cruz GA, Merino-Soto C, Juárez-García A, Dominguez-Lara S, Fernández-Arata M. Is the factorial structure of the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) replicable in the nursing profession in Peru? A national study. Enferm Clin (Engl Ed) 2020; 30:340-348. [PMID: 32107121 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) is an instrument commonly used for the evaluation of burnout syndrome. The version of the MBI-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) was applied to Peruvian nurses to explore the prevalence of this syndrome without previously considering possible evidence of validity to accredit its use. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the internal structure and reliability of the MBI-HSS in Peruvian nurses. METHODS The study was prepared through secondary data analysis based on the information collected from 2809 nurses in Peru obtained from the National Survey of Satisfaction of Health Users (ENSUSALUD) applied in 2014. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was prepared; reliability was estimated with Cronbach alpha and omega. RESULTS The analyses indicated the presence of three factors, but with a reduction of 7 items; reliability was acceptable with the omega coefficient. CONCLUSION The results question the validity of the original version of the MBI-HSS for its application in Peruvian nurses, therefore, its diagnostic utility should be viewed with caution. As an alternative, it is advisable to prioritise the 15-item version and to continue with validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - César Merino-Soto
- Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú; Instituto de Investigación de la Escuela de Psicología, Lima, Perú
| | - Arturo Juárez-García
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Morelos, México; Centro de Investigación Transdisciplinar en Psicología, Morelos, México
| | - Sergio Dominguez-Lara
- Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú; Instituto de Investigación de la Escuela de Psicología, Lima, Perú
| | - Manuel Fernández-Arata
- Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú; Instituto de Investigación de la Escuela de Psicología, Lima, Perú
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Munayco-Guillén F, Noriega-Cerdán JF, Cámara-Reyes RR, Niño-García R, Mezones-Holguin E. Knowledge of open angle glaucoma questionnaire: Design and validation in Spanish-speaking patients of Peru. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) 2020; 95:57-63. [PMID: 31892482 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To design and validate a questionnaire on the knowledge of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in Spanish-speaking patients. METHODS An observational study was conducted on adults with diagnosis of POAG and who received outpatient medical care in a national reference health care institute of Peru. The questionnaire was based on a literature review and expert judgment. A pilot study was carried out on 60 patients. The items were classified and weighted according to the expert judgment. The final questionnaire was completed by 314 patients and its overall score was scaled by tertiles. RESULTS A total of 72 items were found by primary searching. The initial questionnaire was made up of 20 items, which was tested in a pilot study. A total of 14 items were selected that were then classified into 3weighted domains: risk factors (10%), clinical aspects (36%), and treatment (54%). The questionnaire has a score range from 0 to 100 points (lowest to highest level). In patients, the mean score was 62.6±14.1. The overall score was classified into 3categories of knowledge level: low (0 to 55 points), medium (56 to 69 points), and high (70 to 100 points). CONCLUSIONS The questionnaire provides evidence of validity to assess knowledge of POAG in Peruvian Spanish-speaking patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Munayco-Guillén
- Departamento de Glaucoma, Instituto Nacional de Oftalmología, Lima, Perú; Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú
| | - J F Noriega-Cerdán
- Departamento de Glaucoma, Instituto Nacional de Oftalmología, Lima, Perú; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - R R Cámara-Reyes
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, Ica, Perú
| | - R Niño-García
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Piura (SOCIEMUNP), Piura, Perú; Epi-gnosis Solutions, Piura, Perú
| | - E Mezones-Holguin
- Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (USIL), Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud. Lima, Perú; Epi-gnosis Solutions, Piura, Perú.
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Casas-Tapia C, Araujo-Castillo RV, Saavedra-Tafur L, Bert-Dulanto A, Piscoya A, Casas-Lucich A. Higher HOMA-IR index is associated with increased excess weight loss in patients with BMI≥35kg/m 2 after vertical gastrectomy. Cir Esp 2020; 98:328-335. [PMID: 32000981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bariatric surgery is considered the most effective treatment for severe obesity. However, it is not clear if patients with diabetes mellitus or insulin resistance have the same response than patients without those conditions. Our objective was to evaluate association between pre-surgical HOMA-IR index and percentage of excess weight loss (EWL%) one year after bariatric surgery using sleeve gastrectomy. METHODS Retrospective cohort including patients ≥18 years old with BMI≥35kg/m2, who underwent primary sleeve gastrectomy between 2014-2017 at the Avendaño Medical Center, Peru. Only patients with Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertension, or Dyslipidemia were included. EWL% ≥60% one year after surgery was considered satisfactory. Crude and adjusted Lineal and Poisson regression with robustness was used to assess statistical associations with EWL%. RESULTS Ninety-one patients were included with a median of 34 years, and 57.1% were women. 85.7% had insulin resistance as per HOMA-IR. One year after surgery, 76.9% had a satisfactory EWL%. The lineal model showed .29% less EWL% per each extra year of life (P=.019), and .93% more EWL% per each extra HOMA-IR point (P=.004). The adjusted Poisson model showed 2% lower risk of having a satisfactory EWL% per each additional year of life (P=.050), and 2% more chance of success per each additional HOMA-IR point (P=.038). CONCLUSIONS There was association between a higher pre-surgical HOMA-IR index and increased EWL% one year after surgery. It is possible that insulin resistance does not affect negatively sleeve gastrectomy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lil Saavedra-Tafur
- Cirugía General, Endoscópica y Bariátrica, Clínica de Día Avendaño, Lima, Perú
| | - Aimeé Bert-Dulanto
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú
| | - Alejandro Piscoya
- Dirección de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Perú; Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Guillermo Kaelin de la Fuente, Lima, Perú
| | - Alberto Casas-Lucich
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Perú
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Socolar JB, Valderrama Sandoval EH, Wilcove DS. Overlooked biodiversity loss in tropical smallholder agriculture. Conserv Biol 2019; 33:1338-1349. [PMID: 31069849 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Smallholder agriculture is the main driver of deforestation in the western Amazon, where terrestrial biodiversity reaches its global maximum. Understanding the biodiversity value of the resulting mosaics of cultivated and secondary forest is therefore crucial for conservation planning. However, Amazonian communities are organized across multiple forest types that support distinct species assemblages, and little is known about smallholder impacts across the range of forest types that are essential for sustaining biodiversity. We addressed this issue with a large-scale field inventory of birds (point counts) and trees (transects) in primary forest and smallholder agriculture in northern Peru across 3 forest types that are key for Amazonian biodiversity. For birds smallholder agriculture supported species richness comparable to primary forest within each forest type, but biotic homogenization across forest types resulted in substantial losses of biodiversity overall. These overall losses are invisible to studies that focus solely on upland (terra firma) forest. For trees biodiversity losses in upland forests dominated the signal across all habitats combined and homogenization across habitats did not exacerbate biodiversity loss. Proximity to forest strongly predicted the persistence of forest-associated bird and tree species in the smallholder mosaic, and because intact forest is ubiquitous in our study area, our results probably represent a best-case scenario for biodiversity in Amazonian agriculture. Land-use planning inside and outside protected areas should recognize that tropical smallholder agriculture has pervasive biodiversity impacts that are not apparent in typical studies that cover a single forest type. The full range of forest types must be surveyed to accurately assess biodiversity losses, and primary forests must be protected to prevent landscape-scale biodiversity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob B Socolar
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ, 08544, U.S.A
| | | | - David S Wilcove
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ, 08544, U.S.A
- Woodrow Wilson School of Public Policy, Princeton University, Robertson Hall, Princeton, NJ, 08544, U.S.A
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Alvarado ÁT, Muñoz AM, Loja B, Miyasato JM, García JA, Cerro RA, Quiñones LA, Varela NM. Study of the allelic variants CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 in samples of the Peruvian mestizo population. Biomedica 2019; 39:601-10. [PMID: 31584773 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.4636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introducción. El citocromo CYP2C9 metaboliza, aproximadamente, el 15 % de los fármacos prescritos. Su gen presenta alelos cuyas frecuencias difieren entre grupos étnicos y poblaciones. Los alelos CYP2C9*2 y CYP2C9*3 dan cuenta de una enzima con actividad disminuida cuya frecuencia no ha sido determinada en la población mestiza peruana. Objetivo. Caracterizar la frecuencia de las variantes *2 (rs1799853) y *3 (rs1057910) del gen CYP2C9 en muestras de población mestiza peruana provenientes de Lima, Tacna y Junín. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo, observacional y prospectivo, con muestreo no probabilístico, por conveniencia e incidental. Se incluyeron 218 sujetos según los criterios de inclusión y exclusión; todos los participantes otorgaron su consentimiento informado. El ADN genómico se obtuvo mediante hisopado de mucosa oral, y la detección de los genotipos para los alelos CYP2C9*2 y CYP2C9*3 se hizo mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en tiempo real, utilizando sondas TaqMan™. Resultados. Las variantes de CYP2C9*2 y CYP2C9*3 están presentes en la población mestiza peruana con frecuencias de 0,046 y 0,062, respectivamente. El análisis de las frecuencias genotípicas observadas permitió predecir que la frecuencia de fenotipos metabolismo intermedio sería del 15,13 % (CYP2C9*1/*2: 5,96 %; CYP2C9*1/*3: 9,17 %), y la de fenotipos de metabolismo lento, del 3,22 % (CYP2C9*2/*2: 1,38 %; CYP2C9*3/*3: 1,38 %; CYP2C9*2/*3: 0,46 %). Conclusiones. Se lograron determinar las frecuencias genotípicas y alélicas para las variantes *2 y *3 del gen CYP2C9 en una muestra no probabilística de población mestiza peruana. Las frecuencias obtenidas (0,046 y 0,062, respectivamente) están entre las esperadas para una población mestiza sudamericana con ascendencia amerindia, europea, africana y asiática.
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Gálvez-Caballero D, Huaringa-Marcelo J, Conde-Vela C, Alarcón-Ruiz CA, Fernández-Chinguel JE, Taype-Rondan A, Dyck-Arbulú HV, Espinoza-Rivas GM, Morón-Castro JA, Ortega-Díaz JL, Rodríguez-Urteaga ZI, Timaná-Ruiz R. Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of patients with severe aortic stenosis for the Peruvian Social Security. Arch Cardiol Mex 2019; 89:53-67. [PMID: 31448765 DOI: 10.24875/acme.m19000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This article summarizes the clinical practice guide (CPG) for the evaluation and management of patients with severe aortic stenosis in the Social Security of Peru (EsSalud). Objective To provide clinical evidence-based recommendations for the evaluation and management of patients with severe aortic stenosis in the EsSalud. Methods A local guideline development group (local GDG) was established, including medical specialists and methodologists. The local GDG formulated 7 clinical questions to be answered by this CPG. Systematic searches of systematic reviews and, when it was considered pertinent, primary studies, were conducted in PubMed during 2018. The evidence to answer each of the posed clinical questions was selected. The quality of the evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In periodic work meetings, the local GDG used the GRADE methodology to review the evidence and formulate the recommendations, points of good clinical practice, and the flowchart of evaluation and management. Finally, the CPG was approved with Resolution N.° 47 - IETSI - ESSALUD - 2018. Results This CPG addressed 7 clinical questions regarding two issues: the initial evaluation and the management of severe aortic stenosis. Based on these questions, 9 recommendations (1 strong recommendation and 8 weak recommendations), 16 points of good clinical practice, and 1 flowchart were formulated. Conclusion This article summarizes the methodology and evidence-based conclusions from the CPG for the evaluation and management of patients with severe aortic stenosis in the EsSalud.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Huaringa-Marcelo
- Clinical Practice Guidelines, Drug Safety Monitoring and Techno-surveillance Directorate, Institute for Health Technologies Evaluation and Research, EsSalud
| | | | - Christoper A Alarcón-Ruiz
- Research Unit for the Generation and Synthesis of Evidence in Health, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola. Lima
| | | | - Alvaro Taype-Rondan
- Clinical Practice Guidelines, Drug Safety Monitoring and Techno-surveillance Directorate, Institute for Health Technologies Evaluation and Research, EsSalud
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Raúl Timaná-Ruiz
- Clinical Practice Guidelines, Drug Safety Monitoring and Techno-surveillance Directorate, Institute for Health Technologies Evaluation and Research, EsSalud
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Paredes JL, Navarro R, Riveros M, Picon V, Conde F, Suito-Ferrand M, Ochoa TJ. Parental Antibiotic Use in Urban and Peri-Urban Health Care Centers in Lima: A Cross-Sectional Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices. Clin Med Insights Pediatr 2019; 13:1179556519869338. [PMID: 31488956 PMCID: PMC6710707 DOI: 10.1177/1179556519869338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In pediatric patients, the antibiotic use is affected by parental beliefs and practices; especially in countries where it is possible to acquire them without prescription. This study aims to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices on antibiotic use among parents of children from urban and peri-urban health care centers in Lima. A cross-sectional study was performed at 1 urban and 2 peri-urban health care centers selected in Lima, Perú. Parents of children below the age of 3 years answered a knowledge-attitudes-practices-validated questionnaire about antibiotic use and were categorized as high, moderate, and low knowledge regarding antibiotics. We analyzed potential determinants for low knowledge and having medicated their children with unprescribed antibiotics using bivariate and multivariate analyses. A total of 224 parents were enrolled, and 8% were categorized as low knowledge. Half of the parents could not recognize that antibiotics cannot cure viral infections, 59.4% disagreed with "antibiotics speed up recovery from a cold," and 53.2% stored antibiotics at home. Remarkably 23.5% of parents reported having medicated their children with antibiotics without prescription, which was associated with belonging to the peri-urban health care center, use of antibiotics by their children in the last 12 months, and having purchased antibiotics without physicians' prescription. An alarming overuse of antibiotics without prescription was described among children below the age of 3 years. Educational interventions, addressing parental attitudes and practices, and health policies should be developed to limit inappropriate antibiotic use especially in peri-urban communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Paredes
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Entéricas, Nutrición y Resistencia Antimicrobiana, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Rafaella Navarro
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Entéricas, Nutrición y Resistencia Antimicrobiana, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Maribel Riveros
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Entéricas, Nutrición y Resistencia Antimicrobiana, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Veronica Picon
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Francisco Conde
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Theresa J Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Entéricas, Nutrición y Resistencia Antimicrobiana, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
- School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
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Longino A, Montano MA, Sanchez H, Bayer A, Sanchez J, Tossas-Milligan K, Duerr A, Molina Y. Increasing PrEP uptake and adherence among MSM and TW sex workers in Lima, Perú: what and whom do different patients trust? AIDS Care 2019; 32:255-260. [PMID: 31242753 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2019.1634787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In Perú, men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) suffer rates of HIV 50 times greater than the general population. MSM or TW sex workers (SWs) are at especially high risk. Daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) effectively prevents HIV infection if patients adhere to a daily or on-demand regimen. Necessary levels of adoption and adherence require data-driven intervention strategies for these marginalized groups. We conducted qualitative content analysis of data obtained from focus groups (FGs) with MSM and TW SWs. Both groups expressed strong skepticism about the motives behind international drug trials, and the safety of participating in them. Important differences between MSM and TW groups' beliefs about trustworthy information as well as community and public institutions also emerged. MSM SWs were less trusting of information from other MSM SWs, and preferred to receive information from institutional medical sources, while TGW SWs preferred to receive information from other TGW SWs. Successful strategies to encourage PrEP uptake and adherence must address the distrust patients feel towards international and institutional actors by providing patients with tailored, reliable information from local and community sources that they trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- August Longino
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | | | | | - Angela Bayer
- Epidemiology, STI, and HIV Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Perúana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jorge Sanchez
- Centro de Investigación Tecnologicas, Biomedicas y Medioambientales, Universidad Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Kathy Tossas-Milligan
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Office of Global Assets and Innovative Solutions, Chicago, USA
| | - Ann Duerr
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yamilé Molina
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Office of Global Assets and Innovative Solutions, Chicago, USA.,School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Zafra-Tanaka JH, Roca C, Canari-Casano JL, Vargas-Calla A. Gift authorship: An approach to its frequency in a Peruvian journal. Biomedica 2019; 39:323-329. [PMID: 31529819 PMCID: PMC10758340 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v39i3.4316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Unjustified authorship or “gift authorship” is an inadequate practice of authorship that consists of naming as authors people who do not meet the authorship criteria. Reports of scientific research are often published as original articles in scientific journals and may present these inappropriate practices. Objectives. Determine the prevalence of gift authorship in original articles for publication. Materials and methods. Descriptive study in which the authorship contributions section of all the articles published between 2013 and the first quarter of 2017 in a Peruvian magazine was reviewed. Gift authorship was considered when an author did not meet at least one of the criteria established by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). Results. Of the 209 original articles published, 11 were excluded because they did not report authorship contributions. The prevalence of gift authorship was 53.5% (106). The critreria least met were the final approval of the manuscript (23.2%) and the writing and critical review of this manuscript. (16.8%). Conclusions. It is necessary that educational institutions train researchers to distinguish between authorship and contribution. In addition, it is necessary that the journals request and corroborate the reported contributions.
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Terborgh J, Zhu K, Alvarez Loayza P, Cornejo Valverde F. Seed limitation in an Amazonian floodplain forest. Ecology 2019; 100:e02642. [PMID: 30712267 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We monitored a close-spaced grid of 289 seed traps in 1.44 ha for 8.4 yr in an Amazonian floodplain forest. In a tree community containing hundreds of species, a median of just three to four species of tree seeds falls annually into each 0.5-m2 establishment site. The number of seed species reaching a given site increased linearly with time for the duration of the monitoring period, indicating a roughly random arrival of seed species in a given site-year. The number of seed species captured each year over the entire grid ranged from one-third to one-half of the total captured over the 8.4 yr of monitoring, revealing a substantial temporal component of variation in the seed rain. Seed rain at the 0.5-m2 scale displayed extreme spatial variability when all potentially viable seeds were tallied, whereas the rain of dispersed seeds was scant, more nearly uniform, and better mixed. Dispersal limitation, defined as failure of seeds to reach establishment sites, is ≥99% per year for a majority of species, explaining why seed augmentation experiments are often successful. Dispersal limitation has been evoked as an explanation for distance-dependent species turnover in tropical tree communities, but that interpretation contrasts with the fact that many Amazonian tree species possess large geographical ranges that extend for hundreds or thousands of kilometers. A better understanding of the processes that bridge the gap between the scales of seedling establishment and the regulation of forest composition will require new methodologies for studying dispersal on scales larger than those yet achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Terborgh
- Center for Tropical Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, P.O. Box 90381, Durham, North Carolina, 27708 , USA.,Department of Biology and Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
| | - Patricia Alvarez Loayza
- Center for Tropical Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, P.O. Box 90381, Durham, North Carolina, 27708 , USA.,Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lakeshore Drive, Chicago, Illinois, 60605, USA
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Morán-Mariños C, Alarcon-Ruiz CA, Alva-Diaz C. [Poverty and its influence on risk and family damage in a district of Lima, Peru: results by sector analysis and Primary Health Care]. Semergen 2019; 45:225-231. [PMID: 30910367 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poverty generates negative effects on health, education, and family environment. Sectoral analysis through its components enables to identify the risk groups and damage in the families. The objective of this work is to determine the state of poverty and its influence on the risk and family damage in the district of Villa Maria del Triunfo (VMT), Lima, Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ecological study that used the database of the health facility of the VMT district, in which the family risk and the socioeconomic level of 450 families in 7 sectors are evaluated between the years 2015 to June 2017. RESULTS More than three-quarters of the families are poor (77.9%). The most prevalent damages were malnutrition and mental health. The most frequent family risk factors were family violence, with the absence of breastfeeding in infants, adolescent pregnancy, and old age. It was found that poverty was associated with family risk (P=.019, OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.07-3.23), and damage risk (P<.001, OR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.32-3.92). CONCLUSION The level of poverty is high. This condition was associated with increased risk and family damage, especially for malnutrition and mental health problems. Interventions should be carried out in families, especially among the poor, and decisive measures should be made on the social factors determining ill-health.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Morán-Mariños
- Unidad de Investigación en Bibliometría, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Perú; Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina y Oficina de Apoyo a la Docencia Investigación (OADI), Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrión, Callao, Perú.
| | - C A Alarcon-Ruiz
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Perú
| | - C Alva-Diaz
- Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina y Oficina de Apoyo a la Docencia Investigación (OADI), Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrión, Callao, Perú; Red de Eficacia Clínica y Sanitaria, REDECS, Lima, Perú; Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Lima, Perú
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Reyes-Bossio M, Ventura-León J, Arias Gallegos WL, Domínguez-Vergara J, Azabache-Alvarado K. [Psychometric evidence of a brief version of the Coping Humor Scale in elderly peruvians]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2019; 54:230-236. [PMID: 30755330 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Humour plays an important role in promoting successful and healthy aging. However, its scientific study is still limited, partly due to the absence of validated tools for use in Latin America. The objective of this study was to translate the 5-item Coping with Humor Scale (CHS-5) from English to Spanish and examine the evidence of reliability and validity based on the internal, convergent, and discriminant structure of the Peruvian version of the scale. MATERIALS AND METHOD The participants were 236 elderly Peruvian adults (78.4% A confirmatory factor analysis, analysis of correlation (r), and reliability (α, Cronbach's alpha and ω, omega) was performed. RESULTS The one-dimensional model presented an adequate fit of the data (χ2 = 7.72, df =5, P=.17, χ2 / df = 1.54, GFI = 0.988, CFI = 0.996, NFI = 0.988, RMSEA =0. 048 [95% CI; 0.000-0.111]; and SRMR = 0.016). The reliability indexes were adequate (α= 0.86 [95% CI: 0.82-0.89] and ω = 0.89 [95% CI: 0.87-0.91]). A positive correlation was observed between the mean score of CHS-5 and satisfaction with life, and was negative with depression. CONCLUSIONS The CHS-5 has excellent psychometric properties, being a measure that provides valid and reliable interpretations to be used in elderly Peruvians with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Caycho-Rodríguez
- Carrera de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Perú.
| | - Mario Reyes-Bossio
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas , Lima, Perú
| | - José Ventura-León
- Escuela Profesional de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Económico Empresariales y Humanas, Universidad Católica San Pablo, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Walter L Arias Gallegos
- Escuela Profesional de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Económico Empresariales y Humanas, Universidad Católica San Pablo, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Julio Domínguez-Vergara
- Carrera de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Perú
| | - Karla Azabache-Alvarado
- Carrera de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Perú
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