1
|
Byun KA, Park Y, Oh S, Batsukh S, Son KH, Byun K. Co-Treatment with Phlorotannin and Extracellular Vesicles from Ecklonia cava Inhibits UV-Induced Melanogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:408. [PMID: 38671856 PMCID: PMC11047619 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation due to ultraviolet (UV)-induced melanogenesis causes various esthetic problems. Phlorotannin (PT) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from various plants suppress melanogenesis pathways. We used UV-exposed keratinocytes and animal skin to determine if co-treatment with PT and EVs from Ecklonia cava (EVE) could inhibit melanogenesis by reducing UV-induced oxidative stress and the expression of the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing the 3 (NLRP3)/interleukin-18 (IL-18) pathway, which are upstream signals of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. UV exposure increased oxidative stress in keratinocytes and animal skin, as evaluated by 8-OHdG expression, and this effect was reduced by co-treatment with PT and EVE. UV also increased binding between NLRP3 and TXNIP, which increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-18 secretion, and this effect was reduced by co-treatment with PT and EVE in keratinocytes and animal skin. In melanocytes, conditioned media (CM) from UV-exposed keratinocytes increased the expression of melanogenesis-related pathways; however, these effects were reduced with CM from UV-exposed keratinocytes treated with PT and EVE. Similarly, PT and EVE treatment reduced melanogenesis-related signals, melanin content, and increased basement membrane (BM) components in UV-exposed animal skin. Thus, co-treatment with PT and EVE reduced melanogenesis and restored the BM structure by reducing oxidative stress and TXNIP/NLRP3/IL-18 pathway expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- LIBON Inc., Incheon 22006, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sosorburam Batsukh
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun X, Ye Y, Sakurai N, Wang H, Kato K, Yu J, Yuasa K, Tsuji A, Yao M. Structural basis of EHEP-mediated offense against phlorotannin-induced defense from brown algae to protect akuBGL activity. eLife 2023; 12:RP88939. [PMID: 37910430 PMCID: PMC10619976 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The defensive-offensive associations between algae and herbivores determine marine ecology. Brown algae utilize phlorotannin as their chemical defense against the predator Aplysia kurodai, which uses β-glucosidase (akuBGL) to digest the laminarin in algae into glucose. Moreover, A. kurodai employs Eisenia hydrolysis-enhancing protein (EHEP) as an offense to protect akuBGL activity from phlorotannin inhibition by precipitating phlorotannin. To underpin the molecular mechanism of this digestive-defensive-offensive system, we determined the structures of the apo and tannic acid (TNA, a phlorotannin analog) bound forms of EHEP, as well as the apo akuBGL. EHEP consisted of three peritrophin-A domains arranged in a triangular shape and bound TNA in the center without significant conformational changes. Structural comparison between EHEP and EHEP-TNA led us to find that EHEP can be resolubilized from phlorotannin precipitation at an alkaline pH, which reflects a requirement in the digestive tract. akuBGL contained two GH1 domains, only one of which conserved the active site. Combining docking analysis, we propose the mechanisms by which phlorotannin inhibits akuBGL by occupying the substrate-binding pocket, and EHEP protects akuBGL against this inhibition by binding with phlorotannin to free the akuBGL pocket.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Sun
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Yuxin Ye
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Naofumi Sakurai
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Hang Wang
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Koji Kato
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Jian Yu
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Keizo Yuasa
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Akihiko Tsuji
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Min Yao
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kang N, Kim EA, Heo SY, Heo SJ. Structure-Based In Silico Screening of Marine Phlorotannins for Potential Walrus Calicivirus Inhibitor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15774. [PMID: 37958757 PMCID: PMC10647355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A new calicivirus isolated from a walrus was reported in 2004. Since unknown marine mammalian zoonotic viruses could pose great risks to human health, this study aimed to develop therapeutic countermeasures to quell any potential outbreak of a pandemic caused by this virus. We first generated a 3D model of the walrus calicivirus capsid protein and identified compounds from marine natural products, especially phlorotannins, as potential walrus calicivirus inhibitors. A 3D model of the target protein was generated using homology modeling based on two publicly available template sequences. The sequence of the capsid protein exhibited 31.3% identity and 42.7% similarity with the reference templates. The accuracy and reliability of the predicted residues were validated via Ramachandran plotting. Molecular docking simulations were performed between the capsid protein 3D model and 17 phlorotannins. Among them, five phlorotannins demonstrated markedly stable docking profiles; in particular, 2,7-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol showed favorable structural integrity and stability during molecular dynamics simulations. The results indicate that the phlorotannins are promising walrus calicivirus inhibitors. Overall, the study findings showcase the rapid turnaround of in silico-based drug discovery approaches, providing useful insights for developing potential therapies against novel pathogenic viruses, especially when the 3D structures of the viruses remain experimentally unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea; (N.K.); (E.-A.K.); (S.-Y.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luo F, Zhu B, Wu D, Xu Y, Chen T, Li Y, Hu J. Construction of Phlorotannin-Based Nanoparticles for Alleviating Acute Liver Injury. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:47338-47349. [PMID: 37751516 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI) is a severe health condition with limited treatment options. Phlorotannin (PT), a natural compound extracted from seaweeds, has shown potential in improving liver function. However, its poor stability and bioavailability have limited its applications in vivo. In this study, we developed PT-based nanoparticles (NPs) through a Mannich reaction with glycine, which exhibited good biocompatibility and prolonged circulation time in vivo. Our results revealed that the PT NPs possess strong free radical scavenging ability, effectively reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alleviating oxidative stress and proinflammatory responses in the H2O2-induced oxidative damage model of HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the PT NPs effectively attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver tissue of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury mice by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. In summary, our results suggested that the PT NPs could serve as a promising nano-therapeutic strategy for alleviating ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengxian Luo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yu Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jiangning Hu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pacheco LV, Parada J, Pérez-Correa JR, Mariotti-Celis MS, Simirgiotis M. Cochayuyo ( Durvillaea incurvata) Extracts: Their Impact on Starch Breakdown and Antioxidant Activity in Pasta during In Vitro Digestion. Foods 2023; 12:3326. [PMID: 37761035 PMCID: PMC10529413 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds, notably cochayuyo (Durvillaea incurvata), are recognized for their rich macro- and micronutrient content, along with their inhibitory effects on the α-glucosidase enzyme. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this inhibition in actual starchy food products under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions. This study utilized freeze-dried cochayuyo, extracted using hot pressurized liquid extraction with 50% ethanol at 120 °C and 1500 psi. The inhibition mechanism of α-glucosidase was determined, and the polyphenol composition of the extract was analyzed using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. This study further evaluated the extract's impact on starch digestibility, total phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity in pasta (noodles) as representative starchy food under gastrointestinal conditions. The results indicate that the α-glucosidase inhibition mechanism is of mixed type. Phenolic compounds, primarily tetraphloroethol, could contribute to this anti-enzymatic activity. The extract was observed to decrease starch digestibility, indicated by a lower rate constant (0.0158 vs. 0.0261 min-1) and digested starch at an infinite time (77.4 vs. 80.5 g/100 g). A significant increase (~1200 vs. ~390 µmol TROLOX/100 g) in antioxidant activity was also noted during digestion when the extract was used. Thus, this study suggests that the cochayuyo extract can reduce starch digestion and enhance antioxidant capacity under gastrointestinal conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luz Verónica Pacheco
- Graduate School, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Javier Parada
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - José R. Pérez-Correa
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile;
| | | | - Mario Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shibasaki S, Ueda M. Utilization of Macroalgae for the Production of Bioactive Compounds and Bioprocesses Using Microbial Biotechnology. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1499. [PMID: 37375001 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To achieve sustainable development, alternative resources should replace conventional resources such as fossil fuels. In marine ecosystems, many macroalgae grow faster than terrestrial plants. Macroalgae are roughly classified as green, red, or brown algae based on their photosynthetic pigments. Brown algae are considered to be a source of physiologically active substances such as polyphenols. Furthermore, some macroalgae can capture approximately 10 times more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than terrestrial plants. Therefore, they have immense potential for use in the environment. Recently, macroalgae have emerged as a biomass feedstock for bioethanol production owing to their low lignin content and applicability to biorefinery processes. Herein, we provided an overview of the bioconversion of macroalgae into bioactive substances and biofuels using microbial biotechnology, including engineered yeast designed using molecular display technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Shibasaki
- Laboratory of Natural Science, Faculty of Economics, Toyo University, Hakusan Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8606, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Ueda
- Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation (SACI), Kyoto University, Yoshidahonmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kwon YJ, Kwon OI, Hwang HJ, Shin HC, Yang S. Therapeutic effects of phlorotannins in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1193590. [PMID: 37305552 PMCID: PMC10249478 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1193590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins are natural polyphenolic compounds produced by brown marine algae and are currently found in nutritional supplements. Although they are known to cross the blood-brain barrier, their neuropharmacological actions remain unclear. Here we review the potential therapeutic benefits of phlorotannins in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In mouse models of Alzheimer's disease, ethanol intoxication and fear stress, the phlorotannin monomer phloroglucinol and the compounds eckol, dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol A have been shown to improve cognitive function. In a mouse model of Parkinson's disease, phloroglucinol treatment led to improved motor performance. Additional neurological benefits associated with phlorotannin intake have been demonstrated in stroke, sleep disorders, and pain response. These effects may stem from the inhibition of disease-inducing plaque synthesis and aggregation, suppression of microglial activation, modulation of pro-inflammatory signaling, reduction of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, and scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Clinical trials of phlorotannins have not reported significant adverse effects, suggesting these compounds to be promising bioactive agents in the treatment of neurological diseases. We therefore propose a putative biophysical mechanism of phlorotannin action in addition to future directions for phlorotannin research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ji Kwon
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Oh Ig Kwon
- Botamedi Brain Health and Medical Care Company Limited, Central, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hye Jeong Hwang
- Center for Molecular Intelligence, SUNY Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Shin
- Botamedi Brain Health and Medical Care Company Limited, Central, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Molecular Intelligence, SUNY Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungchil Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pradhan B, Ki JS. Antioxidant and chemotherapeutic efficacies of seaweed-derived phlorotannins in cancer treatment: A review regarding novel anticancer drugs. Phytother Res 2023; 37:2067-2091. [PMID: 36971337 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The ineffectiveness of traditional cancer therapies due to drug resistance, nontargeted delivery, and chemotherapy-associated adverse side effects has shifted attention to bioactive phytochemicals. Consequently, research efforts toward screening and identification of natural compounds with anticancer properties have increased in recent years. Marine seaweed-derived bioactive compounds, such as polyphenolic compounds, have exhibited anticancer properties. Phlorotannins (PTs), a major group of seaweed-derived polyphenolic compounds, have emerged as powerful chemopreventive and chemoprotective compounds, regulating apoptotic cell death pathways both in vitro and in vivo. In this context, this review focuses on the anticancer activity of polyphenols isolated from brown algae, with a special reference to PTs. Furthermore, we highlight the antioxidant effects of PTs and discuss how they can impact cell survival and tumor development and progression. Moreover, we discussed the potential therapeutic application of PTs as anticancer agents, having molecular mechanisms involving oxidative stress reduction. We have also discussed patents or patent applications that apply PTs as major components of antioxidant and antitumor products. With this review, researcher may gain new insights into the potential novel role of PTs, as well as uncover a novel cancer-prevention mechanism and improve human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biswajita Pradhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, South Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, AIPH University, Bhubaneswar, 752101, India
| | - Jang-Seu Ki
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sugiura Y, Usui M, Miyata M. The soothing effect of phlorotannins on cedar pollinosis in Cry j 1-stimulated mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:649-652. [PMID: 36945060 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The antiallergic properties of phlorotannins, algal polyphenols, have been widely reported. This study examined the soothing effect of phlorotannin concentrate (PTC) from Eisenia nipponica on cedar pollinosis in Cry j 1-stimulated mice. PTC reduced the mice's sneezing and nasal rubbing, which was attributed to decreased levels of immunoglobulin E and Th2-type cytokines [interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Sugiura
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Usui
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Masaaki Miyata
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pereira RC, Paradas WC, de Carvalho RT, de Lima Moreira D, Kelecom A, Passos RMF, Atella GC, Salgado LT. Chemical Defense against Herbivory in the Brown Marine Macroalga Padina gymnospora Could Be Attributed to a New Hydrocarbon Compound. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1073. [PMID: 36903932 PMCID: PMC10005330 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Brown marine macroalga Padina gymnospora (Phaeophyceae, Ochrophyta) produces both secondary metabolites (phlorotannins) and precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO3-aragonite) on its surface as potential defensive strategies against herbivory. Here, we have evaluated the effect of natural concentrations of organic extracts (dichloromethane-DI; ethyl acetate-EA and methanol-ME, and three isolated fractions) and mineralized tissues of P. gymnospora as chemical and physical resistance, respectively, against the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus through experimental laboratory feeding bioassays. Fatty acids (FA), glycolipids (GLY), phlorotannins (PH) and hydrocarbons (HC) were also characterized and/or quantified in extracts and fractions from P. gymnospora using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (CG/MS) or GC coupled to flame ionization detector (FID) and chemical analysis. Our results showed that chemicals from the EA extract of P. gymnospora were significantly important in reducing consumption by L. variegatus, but the CaCO3 did not act as a physical protection against consumption by this sea urchin. An enriched fraction containing 76% of the new hydrocarbon 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-heneicosatetraene exhibited a significant defensive property, while other chemicals found in minor amounts, such as GLY, PH, saturated and monounsaturated FAs and CaCO3 did not interfere with the susceptibility of P. gymnospora to L. variegatus consumption. We suggest that the unsaturation of the 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-heneicosatetraene from P. gymnospora is probably an important structural characteristic responsible for the defensive property verified against the sea urchin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Crespo Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24220-900, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Costa Paradas
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22460-030, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alphonse Kelecom
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24220-900, Brazil
| | | | - Georgia Correa Atella
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim S, Kim D, Um MY, Yoon M, Choi JS, Choi YH, Cho S. Marine Polyphenol Phlorotannins as a Natural Sleep Aid for Treatment of Insomnia: A Review of Sedative-Hypnotic Effects and Mechanism of Action. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:774. [PMID: 36547921 PMCID: PMC9780786 DOI: 10.3390/md20120774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insomnia is a common sleep disorder. Natural sleep aids are gaining worldwide popularity as alternatives to prescription drugs for improving sleep. Recently, numerous studies have investigated the sedative-hypnotic effects of the polyphenols of terrestrial plants. The hypnotic effects of marine polyphenols have also been studied in recent years. Phlorotannins are marine polyphenols that are found only in brown algae. Phlorotannins exert sedative-hypnotic effects via the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A-benzodiazepine receptor. In addition, the brown seaweed Ecklonia cava supplement containing phlorotannins has been approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety as a health-functional ingredient that helps improve sleep quality. Currently, it is meaningful to deal with the sedative-hypnotic effects of phlorotannins as natural sleep aids. The current review comprehensively presents the sedative-hypnotic effects in animal models and human clinical trials as well as their mechanism of action, extraction, purification, and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seonghui Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Duhyeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Um
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Yoon
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, The Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-gil, Tongyeong-si 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Suengmok Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen J, Li P, Ye S, Li W, Li M, Ding Y. Systems pharmacology-based drug discovery and active mechanism of phlorotannins for type 2 diabetes mellitus by integrating network pharmacology and experimental evaluation. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14492. [PMID: 36385377 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Phlorotannins, polyphenolic compounds that exist only in brown algae, have an effect on T2DM. However, the structure of phlorotannins is complex and diverse, and the complex role of therapeutic targets and active compounds has not been revealed. In this study, the potential targets and pharmacological effects of phlorotannins in the treatment of T2DM were identified based on network pharmacology and enzyme activity inhibition experiment. In total, 15 phlorotannins and 53 associated targets were yielded. Among them, SRC, ESR1, AKT1, HSP90AB1, and AR were defined as core targets. 527 GO biological processes items and 101 KEGG pathways were obtained, including EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, thyroid hormone signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and VEGF signaling pathway. Phlorotannins could enable resistance against T2DM by inflammatory, survival, gene transcription, proliferation, apoptosis, and atherosclerosis. Finally, α-glucosidase inhibition assay and molecular docking proved the effect of selected phlorotannins on T2DM. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Phlorotannins are a kind of polyphenol compounds that only exists in brown algae. Its structure is polymerized by aromatic precursors phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene). They have aroused great interest due to their excellent and valuable biological activities. However, the structure of phlorotannins is complex and diverse, and the complex role of therapeutic targets and active compounds has not been revealed. In this study, the potential targets and pharmacological effects of phlorotannins in the treatment of T2DM were determined basis on network pharmacology and enzyme activity inhibition experiment. In conclusion, the results showed the value of phlorotannins treating on T2DM. Moreover, this study has great significance for improving the medicinal value of phlorotannins and screening natural products for the treatment of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuhong Ye
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Li
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ming Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Ding
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Maheswari V, Babu PAS. Phlorotannin and its Derivatives, a Potential Antiviral Molecule from Brown Seaweeds, an Overview. Russ J Mar Biol 2022; 48:309-324. [PMID: 36405241 PMCID: PMC9640822 DOI: 10.1134/s1063074022050169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Research on seaweeds provides a continual discovery of natural bioactive compounds. The review presents new information on studies of the potential and specific antiviral action of phlorotannin and their derivatives from marine brown algae. Phlorotannin is a polyphenolic derivative and a secondary metabolite from marine brown algae which exhibits a high quality of biological properties. Phlorotannin has a variety of biological activities that include antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, anti-diabetic, anti-allergic, antibacterial, antihypertensive and immune modulating activities. These phlorotannin properties were revealed by various biochemical and cell-based assays in vitro. This distinctive polyphenol from the marine brown algae may be a potential pharmaceutical and nutraceutical compound. In this review, the extraction, quantification, characterization, purification, and biological applications of phlorotannin are discussed, and antiviral potential is described in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Maheswari
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, 600062 Avadi, Chennai, Tamilnadu India
| | - P. Azhagu Saravana Babu
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, 600062 Avadi, Chennai, Tamilnadu India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sekiguchi M, Shinoda S, Uno A, Masaki T, Sasaki T, Ishiyama H. Structure-activity relationship in advanced glycation end products formation inhibitory activity of phlorotannins. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:1207-1210. [PMID: 35776953 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The structure and inhibitory activity of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation were studied using six model compounds and seven phlorotannins isolated from brown alga Ecklonia stolonifera. As a result, it was inferred that AGEs formation inhibitory activity was stronger when electron-rich groups were present because of the addition of many oxygen atoms to the phlorotannins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Sekiguchi
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Seiya Shinoda
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Arisa Uno
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomoya Masaki
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sasaki
- Chemistry/Food Department, Industrial Research Institute of Ishikawa, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Haruaki Ishiyama
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pradhan B, Nayak R, Bhuyan PP, Patra S, Behera C, Sahoo S, Ki JS, Quarta A, Ragusa A, Jena M. Algal Phlorotannins as Novel Antibacterial Agents with Reference to the Antioxidant Modulation: Current Advances and Future Directions. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:403. [PMID: 35736206 PMCID: PMC9228090 DOI: 10.3390/md20060403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing drug resistance of infectious microorganisms is considered a primary concern of global health care. The screening and identification of natural compounds with antibacterial properties have gained immense popularity in recent times. It has previously been shown that several bioactive compounds derived from marine algae exhibit antibacterial activity. Similarly, polyphenolic compounds are generally known to possess promising antibacterial capacity, among other capacities. Phlorotannins (PTs), an important group of algae-derived polyphenolic compounds, have been considered potent antibacterial agents both as single drug entities and in combination with commercially available antibacterial drugs. In this context, this article reviews the antibacterial properties of polyphenols in brown algae, with particular reference to PTs. Cell death through various molecular modes of action and the specific inhibition of biofilm formation by PTs were the key discussion of this review. The synergy between drugs was also discussed in light of the potential use of PTs as adjuvants in the pharmacological antibacterial treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biswajita Pradhan
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India; (B.P.); (R.N.); (C.B.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea;
| | - Rabindra Nayak
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India; (B.P.); (R.N.); (C.B.)
| | - Prajna Paramita Bhuyan
- Department of Botany, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada 757003, Odisha, India;
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India;
| | - Chhandashree Behera
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India; (B.P.); (R.N.); (C.B.)
| | - Sthitaprajna Sahoo
- Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India;
| | - Jang-Seu Ki
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea;
| | - Alessandra Quarta
- CNR-Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Andrea Ragusa
- CNR-Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India; (B.P.); (R.N.); (C.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Han HJ, Park SK, Kang JY, Kim JM, Yoo SK, Kim DO, Kim GH, Heo HJ. Mixture of Phlorotannin and Fucoidan from Ecklonia cava Prevents the Aβ-Induced Cognitive Decline with Mitochondrial and Cholinergic Activation. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:434. [PMID: 34436273 PMCID: PMC8400198 DOI: 10.3390/md19080434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-amnesic effect of a mixture (4:6 = phlorotannin:fucoidan from Ecklonia cava, P4F6) was evaluated on amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ)-induced cognitive deficit mice. The cognitive function was examined by Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests, and the intake of the mixture (P4F6) showed an ameliorating effect on Aβ-induced learning and memory impairment. After the behavioral tests, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) contents were confirmed in brain tissue, and in the results, the mixture (P4F6) attenuated Aβ-induced oxidative stress. In addition, mitochondrial activity was evaluated by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway, and the mixture (P4F6) enhanced mitochondrial function. Furthermore, the mixture (P4F6) effectively regulated tau hyperphosphorylation by regulating the protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, and promoted brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in brain tissue. Moreover, in the cholinergic system, the mixture (P4F6) ameliorated acetylcholine (ACh) content by regulating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) expression in brain tissue. Based on these results, we suggest that this mixture of phlorotannin and fucoidan (P4F6) might be a substance for improving cognitive function by effectively regulating cognition-related molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ju Han
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.J.H.); (S.K.P.); (J.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (S.K.Y.)
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si 39660, Korea
| | - Seon Kyeong Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.J.H.); (S.K.P.); (J.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (S.K.Y.)
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.J.H.); (S.K.P.); (J.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.J.H.); (S.K.P.); (J.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Seul Ki Yoo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.J.H.); (S.K.P.); (J.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Dae-Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea;
| | - Gun-Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Korea;
| | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.J.H.); (S.K.P.); (J.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (S.K.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sugiura Y, Usui M, Katsuzaki H, Imai K, Tanaka R, Matsushita T, Miyata M. Dieckol isolated from a brown alga, Eisenia nipponica, suppresses ear swelling from allergic inflammation in mouse. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13659. [PMID: 33595108 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously found a lipophilic fraction of the methanol/chloroform extract of a brown alga, Eisenia nipponica, that had an antiallergic effect in a murine ear swelling test. In this study, we purified the active component from the lipophilic fraction using high performance liquid chromatography and analyzed the mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. This uncovered the phlorotannin dieckol, which exhibited antiallergic effects in an ear swelling test using mice sensitized by arachidonic acid, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, and oxazolone. Mechanistic investigations indicated that dieckol suppressed degranulation, chemical mediator release, and the expression of mRNA such as cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 cells. In summary, we isolated dieckol from E. nipponica and demonstrated its antiallergic mechanisms. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: As the incidence of allergies increases worldwide, so too does the demand for food components with antiallergic and anti-inflammatory properties. Given this trend, we focused on a brown alga that displays a variety of bioactivities. Here, we have isolated dieckol from the antiallergic lipophilic fraction of E. nipponica and found that it possesses diverse physiological activities that may prevent lifestyle-related diseases. Consequently, dieckol or the alga containing this phlorotannin could be used as a health food ingredient to combat not only allergies, but also variety of disorders including the undesirable effects of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Sugiura
- Laboratory of Food Function and Biochemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Usui
- Laboratory of Food Function and Biochemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Katsuzaki
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kunio Imai
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Tanaka
- Laboratory of Food Function and Biochemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Japan
| | - Teruo Matsushita
- Laboratory of Food Function and Biochemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Japan
| | - Masaaki Miyata
- Laboratory of Food Function and Biochemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim SY, Ahn G, Kim HS, Je JG, Kim KN, Jeon YJ. Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) Isolated from the Brown Alga Ishige okamurae Acts on Inflammatory Myopathy as an Inhibitory Agent of TNF-α. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E529. [PMID: 33114618 PMCID: PMC7692396 DOI: 10.3390/md18110529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation affects various organs of the human body, including skeletal muscle. Phlorotannins are natural biologically active substances found in marine brown algae and exhibit anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we focused on the effects of phlorotannins on anti-inflammatory activity and skeletal muscle cell proliferation activity to identify the protective effects on the inflammatory myopathy. First, the five species of marine brown algal extracts dramatically inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells without toxicity at all the concentrations tested. Moreover, the extracts collected from Ishige okamurae (I. okamurae) significantly increased cell proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts compared to the non-treated cells with non-toxicity. In addition, as a result of finding a potential tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitor that regulates the signaling pathway of muscle degradation in I. okamurae-derived natural bioactive compounds, Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) is favorably docked to the TNF-α with the lowest binding energy and docking interaction energy value. Moreover, DPHC down-regulated the mRNA expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppressed the muscle RING-finger protein (MuRF)-1 and Muscle Atrophy F-box (MAFbx)/Atrgoin-1, which are the key protein muscle atrophy via nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) signaling pathways in TNF-α-stimulated C2C12 myotubes. Therefore, it is expected that DPHC isolated from IO would be developed as a TNF-α inhibitor against inflammatory myopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (H.-S.K.); (J.-G.J.)
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (H.-S.K.); (J.-G.J.)
- Department of Applied Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101-gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33662, Korea
| | - Jun-Geon Je
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (H.-S.K.); (J.-G.J.)
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (H.-S.K.); (J.-G.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bai Y, Sun Y, Gu Y, Zheng J, Yu C, Qi H. Preparation, Characterization and Antioxidant Activities of Kelp Phlorotannin Nanoparticles. Molecules 2020; 25:E4550. [PMID: 33027947 PMCID: PMC7582861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins are a group of major polyphenol secondary metabolites found only in brown algae and are known for their bioactivities and multiple health benefits. However, they can be oxidized due to external factors and their bioavailability is low due to their low water solubility. In this study, the potential of utilizing nanoencapsulation with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to improve various activities of phlorotannins was explored. Phlorotannins encapsulated by PVP nanoparticles (PPNPS) with different loading ratios were prepared for characterization. Then, the PPNPS were evaluated for in vitro controlled release of phlorotannin, toxicity and antioxidant activities at the ratio of phlorotannin to PVP 1:8. The results indicated that the PPNPS showed a slow and sustained kinetic release of phlorotannin in simulated gastrointestinal fluids, they were non-toxic to HaCaT keratinocytes and they could reduce the generation of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, PPNPS have the potential to be a useful platform for the utilization of phlorotannin in both pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bai
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Liaoning Provincial Aquatic Products Deep Processing Technology Research Center, Dalian 116034, China; (Y.B.); (Y.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yihan Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Liaoning Provincial Aquatic Products Deep Processing Technology Research Center, Dalian 116034, China; (Y.B.); (Y.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yue Gu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Liaoning Provincial Aquatic Products Deep Processing Technology Research Center, Dalian 116034, China; (Y.B.); (Y.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Jie Zheng
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China;
| | - Chenxu Yu
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Hang Qi
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Liaoning Provincial Aquatic Products Deep Processing Technology Research Center, Dalian 116034, China; (Y.B.); (Y.S.); (Y.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Buedenbender L, Astone FA, Tasdemir D. Bioactive Molecular Networking for Mapping the Antimicrobial Constituents of the Baltic Brown Alga Fucus vesiculosus. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E311. [PMID: 32545808 PMCID: PMC7345172 DOI: 10.3390/md18060311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The brown alga Fucus vesiculosus is common to the intertidal zones of the Baltic Sea, where it is exposed to high fouling pressures by microorganisms. Our previous studies showed, repeatedly, the consistent antimicrobial activity of F. vesiculosus crude extracts against human pathogens, while untargeted metabolomics analyses have revealed a variety of metabolites. In this study, we applied the UPLC-QToF-MS/MS-based "bioactive molecular networking" (BMN) concept on the most bioactive n-hexane and n-butanol subextracts of Baltic F. vesiculosus coupled with in silico dereplication tools to identify the compounds responsible for antimicrobial activity. The first antimicrobial cluster identified by BMN was galactolipids. Our targeted isolation efforts for this class led to the isolation of six monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) derivatives (1-6) and one digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG, 7). The MGDGs 5 and 6 and the DGDG 7 exhibited activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The second compound class with high bioactivity was phlorotannins. In particular, phlorethol-type phlorotannins showed high correlations with antimicrobial activity based on the BMN approach, and two phlorotannins (8-9) were isolated. This study shows that antimicrobial components of F. vesiculosus reside in the algal cell walls and membranes and that BMN provides a complementary tool for the targeted isolation of bioactive metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Buedenbender
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany; (L.B.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Francesca Anna Astone
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany; (L.B.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Deniz Tasdemir
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany; (L.B.); (F.A.A.)
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 424118 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ummat V, Tiwari BK, Jaiswal AK, Condon K, Garcia-Vaquero M, O’Doherty J, O’Donnell C, Rajauria G. Optimisation of Ultrasound Frequency, Extraction Time and Solvent for the Recovery of Polyphenols, Phlorotannins and Associated Antioxidant Activity from Brown Seaweeds. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E250. [PMID: 32403273 PMCID: PMC7281582 DOI: 10.3390/md18050250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) process parameters (time, frequency and solvent) to obtain high yields of phlorotannins, flavonoids, total phenolics and associated antioxidant activities from 11 brown seaweed species. Optimised UAE conditions (35 kHz, 30 min and 50% ethanol) significantly improved the extraction yield from 1.5-fold to 2.2-fold in all seaweeds investigated compared to solvent extraction. Using ultrasound, the highest recovery of total phenolics (TPC: 572.3 ± 3.2 mg gallic acid equivalent/g), total phlorotannins (TPhC: 476.3 ± 2.2 mg phloroglucinol equivalent/g) and total flavonoids (TFC: 281.0 ± 1.7 mg quercetin equivalent/g) was obtained from Fucus vesiculosus seaweed. While the lowest recovery of TPC (72.6 ± 2.9 mg GAE/g), TPhC (50.3 ± 2.0 mg PGE/g) and TFC (15.2 ± 3.3 mg QE/g) was obtained from Laminaria digitata seaweed. However, extracts from Fucus serratus obtained by UAE exhibited the strongest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity (29.1 ± 0.25 mg trolox equivalent/g) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value (63.9 ± 0.74 mg trolox equivalent/g). UAE under optimised conditions was an effective, low-cost and eco-friendly technique to recover biologically active polyphenols from 11 brown seaweed species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viruja Ummat
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (V.U.); (C.O.)
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 DY05 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Brijesh K Tiwari
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 DY05 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Amit K Jaiswal
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin—City Campus, Grangegorman, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland; (A.K.J.); (K.C.)
| | - Kevin Condon
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin—City Campus, Grangegorman, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland; (A.K.J.); (K.C.)
| | - Marco Garcia-Vaquero
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (M.G.-V.); (J.O.)
| | - John O’Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (M.G.-V.); (J.O.)
| | - Colm O’Donnell
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (V.U.); (C.O.)
| | - Gaurav Rajauria
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (M.G.-V.); (J.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Choi J, Oh S, Son M, Byun K. Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6,6-Bieckol Alleviates Obesity and Systemic Inflammation in a Mouse Model by Reducing Expression of RAGE and RAGE Ligands. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E612. [PMID: 31661887 PMCID: PMC6891643 DOI: 10.3390/md17110612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecklonia cava (E. cava) can alleviate diet-induced obesity in animal models, and phlorotannins contained in E. cava help prevent hypertrophy-induced adipocyte differentiation. Receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is well known to induce hypertrophy of visceral fat and to trigger inflammation substantially. While the relationship between RAGE and obesity and inflammation has been well-characterized, few studies describe the effects of phlorotannin on RAGE. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB)-a single compound from the ethanoic extract of E. cava-mediated by a reduction in the inflammation caused by RAGE and RAGE ligands. In visceral fat, PPB (i) significantly inhibited RAGE ligands, (ii) reduced the expression of RAGE, and (iii) reduced the binding ratio between RAGE and RAGE ligands. Under lower expression of RAGE, RAGE ligands and their cognate binding, the differentiation of macrophages found in visceral fat into M1-type-the pro-inflammatory form of this immune cell-was reduced. As the M1-type macrophage decreased, pro-inflammatory cytokines, which cause obesity, decreased in visceral fat. The results of this study highlight the anti-obesity effects of PPB, with the effects mediated by reductions in RAGE, RAGE ligands, and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junwon Choi
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea.
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Myeongjoo Son
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea.
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea.
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ferreira RM, Ramalho Ribeiro A, Patinha C, Silva AMS, Cardoso SM, Costa R. Water Extraction Kinetics of Bioactive Compounds of Fucus vesiculosus. Molecules 2019; 24:E3408. [PMID: 31546839 PMCID: PMC6766934 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown macroalgae, particularly those from Fucus genus, are a rich and balanced source of bioactive nutrients and phytochemicals, such as dietary fibres (fucoidans, laminarins, and/or alginates), phlorotannins, and fucoxanthin, and some minerals, such as iodine, which have been demonstrated to possess numerous health-promoting properties. In fact, aqueous extracts of Fucus vesiculosus have been used as food supplements due to its rich content in bioactive compounds, though no study has been published on the optimization of this operation. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of different extraction temperatures (25 °C, 50 °C, 75 °C, 100 °C, and 120 °C) and times (5 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h) on the recovery of those bioactive compounds. The temperature was observed to positively influence the extraction of crude mass and of fucose polysaccharides only at 75 °C and above, and of iodine extraction at 50 °C and above. At these temperatures, time also showed to increase yields. Yields of crude extract, fucose, and iodine were successfully mathematically modelled with a power law, and its maximum yields were obtained at the highest temperature studied (120 °C) and longest extraction time (4 h). Iodine yield at these conditions provided extracts with relevant content to contribute to the recommended daily ingestion. Phlorotannins were significantly recovered at 120 °C though evidence of degradation was observed during time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo M Ferreira
- QOPNA and LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Ramalho Ribeiro
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, College of Agriculture, Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Patinha
- GEOBIOTEC, Department of Geoscience, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- QOPNA and LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana M Cardoso
- QOPNA and LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Rui Costa
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, College of Agriculture, Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhen AX, Hyun YJ, Piao MJ, Fernando PDSM, Kang KA, Ahn MJ, Yi JM, Kang HK, Koh YS, Lee NH, Hyun JW. Eckol Inhibits Particulate Matter 2.5-Induced Skin Keratinocyte Damage via MAPK Signaling Pathway. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E444. [PMID: 31357588 DOI: 10.3390/md17080444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicity of particulate matter (PM) towards the epidermis has been well established in many epidemiological studies. It is manifested in cancer, aging, and skin damage. In this study, we aimed to show the mechanism underlying the protective effects of eckol, a phlorotannin isolated from brown seaweed, on human HaCaT keratinocytes against PM2.5-induced cell damage. First, to elucidate the underlying mechanism of toxicity of PM2.5, we checked the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, which contributed significantly to cell damage. Experimental data indicate that excessive ROS caused damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA and induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, eckol (30 μM) decreased ROS generation, ensuring the stability of molecules, and maintaining a steady mitochondrial state. The western blot analysis showed that PM2.5 promoted apoptosis-related protein levels and activated MAPK signaling pathway, whereas eckol protected cells from apoptosis by inhibiting MAPK signaling pathway. This was further reinforced by detailed investigations using MAPK inhibitors. Thus, our results demonstrated that inhibition of PM2.5-induced cell apoptosis by eckol was through MAPK signaling pathway. In conclusion, eckol could protect skin HaCaT cells from PM2.5-induced apoptosis via inhibiting ROS generation.
Collapse
|
25
|
Seong SH, Paudel P, Choi JW, Ahn DH, Nam TJ, Jung HA, Choi JS. Probing Multi-Target Action of Phlorotannins as New Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors and Dopaminergic Receptor Modulators with the Potential for Treatment of Neuronal Disorders. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E377. [PMID: 31238535 PMCID: PMC6627067 DOI: 10.3390/md17060377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of multiple protein targets with a single compound is essential for the effective treatment of central nervous system disorders. In our previous G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) cell-based study, a selective human monoamine oxidase (hMAO)-A inhibitor, eckol, stimulated activity of dopamine D3 and D4 receptors. This result led to our interest in marine phlorotannin-mediated modulation of hMAO enzymes and related GPCRs in neuronal disorders. Here, we evaluate the multi-target effects of phloroglucinol, phlorofucofuroeckol-A (PFF-A), and dieckol by screening their modulatory activity against hMAO-A and -B and various neuronal GPCRs. Among the tested phlorotannins, PFF-A showed the strongest inhibitory activity against both hMAO isoforms, with higher selectivity toward hMAO-B than hMAO-A. Enzyme kinetics and docking data revealed that PFF-A noncompetitively acts on hMAOs into the alternative binding pocket of enzymes with allosteric functions. In a functional assay for GPCR screening, dieckol and PFF-A exhibited a multi-target combination of D3R/D4R agonism and D1/5HT1A/NK1 antagonism. In particular, they effectively stimulated D3R and D4R, compared to other GPCRs. Docking analysis confirmed that dieckol and PFF-A successfully docked into the conserved active sites of D3R and D4R and interacted with aspartyl and serine residues in the orthosteric binding pockets of the respective receptors. Based on our experimental and computational data, we established the structure-activity relationship between tested phlorotannins and target proteins, including hMAOs and GPCRs. Our current findings suggest that hMAO inhibitors dieckol and PFF-A, major phlorotannins of edible brown algae with multi-action on GPCRs, are potential agents for treatment of psychological disorders and Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Hui Seong
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Pradeep Paudel
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Wook Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Dong Hyun Ahn
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Manandhar B, Paudel P, Seong SH, Jung HA, Choi JS. Characterizing Eckol as a Therapeutic Aid: A Systematic Review. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E361. [PMID: 31216636 PMCID: PMC6627842 DOI: 10.3390/md17060361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine biosphere is a treasure trove of natural bioactive secondary metabolites and the richest source of structurally diverse and unique compounds, such as phlorotannins and halo-compounds, with high therapeutic potential. Eckol is a precursor compound representing the dibenzo-1,4-dioxin class of phlorotannins abundant in the Ecklonia species, which are marine brown algae having a ubiquitous distribution. In search of compounds having biological activity from macro algae during the past three decades, this particular compound has attracted massive attention for its multiple therapeutic properties and health benefits. Although several varieties of marine algae, seaweed, and phlorotannins have already been well scrutinized, eckol deserves a place of its own because of the therapeutic properties it possesses. The relevant information about this particular compound has not yet been collected in one place; therefore, this review focuses on its biological applications, including its potential health benefits and possible applications to restrain diseases leading to good health. The facts compiled in this review could contribute to novel insights into the functions of eckol and potentially enable its use in different uninvestigated fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bandana Manandhar
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Pradeep Paudel
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Su Hui Seong
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhou X, Yi M, Ding L, He S, Yan X. Isolation and Purification of a Neuroprotective Phlorotannin from the Marine Algae Ecklonia maxima by Size Exclusion and High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E212. [PMID: 30987394 PMCID: PMC6521176 DOI: 10.3390/md17040212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins are polyphenolic metabolites of marine brown algae that have been shown to possess health-beneficial biological activities. An efficient approach using a combination of high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) and size exclusion chromatography with a Sephadex LH-20 has been successfully developed for the isolation and purification of a neuroprotective phlorotannin, eckmaxol, from leaves of the marine brown algae, Ecklonia maxima. The phlorotannin of interest, eckmaxol, was isolated with purity >95% by HSCCC using an optimized solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (2:8:3:7, v/v/v/v) after Sephadex LH-20 size exclusion chromatography. This compound was successfully purified in the quantity of 5.2 mg from 0.3 kg of the E. maxima crude organic extract. The structure of eckmaxol was identified and assigned by NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses. The purification method developed for eckmaxol will facilitate the further investigation and development of this neuroprotective agent as a drug lead or pharmacological probe. Furthermore, it is suggested that the combination of HSCCC and size exclusion chromatography could be more widely applied for the isolation and purification of phlorotannins from marine algae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhen Zhou
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China.
| | - Mengqi Yi
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China.
| | - Lijian Ding
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China.
| | - Shan He
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China.
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kwon S, Yoon M, Lee J, Moon KD, Kim D, Kim SB, Cho S. A Standardized Phlorotannin Supplement Attenuates Caffeine-Induced Sleep Disruption in Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:E556. [PMID: 30845636 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous studies, a standardized phlorotannin (brown seaweed polyphenol) supplement (PS) exhibited sleep-promoting effects via type A γ-aminobutyric acid-benzodiazepine receptors in mice. In addition, in human clinical trials, it decreased wake after sleep onset in adults with sleep disturbance. In this follow-up study, we investigated whether PS attenuates caffeine-induced sleep disruption in mice. The effects of PS were evaluated in a caffeine model by analyzing sleep architecture based on electroencephalogram and electromyogram findings, and were compared with the effects of a well-known sedative-hypnotic drug zolpidem (ZPD). As expected, oral administration of caffeine (25 mg/kg) significantly increased sleep latency and decreased the amount of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS). In the caffeine + PS and caffeine + ZPD groups, PS (500 mg/kg) attenuated caffeine-induced sleep disruption, and its effects were comparable with those of ZPD (10 mg/kg). In particular, PS inhibited the arousal effects of caffeine without change in delta activity during NREMS, whereas ZPD produced a decrease in the delta activity. Considering global trends in coffee and energy drink consumption, our finding suggest that PS may be useful to relieve transitory insomnia symptoms caused by caffeine consumption, unlike the prescription drug ZPD.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Natural marine-derived compounds show excellent biological activities. Isolation, characterization and applications of marine derived compounds show a promising way to develop novel drugs to treat various diseases. Phlorotannins are one of the main compounds which are commonly isolated from the brown seaweeds. The structural unit of phlorotannins is made-up of polyphenolic units. Due to the unique structures, phlorotannins show a variety of biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antitumor, antidiabetics, radio protective, antiadipogenic, and anti-allergic effects. In the current chapter, we have discussed general information on phlorotannins, extraction procedure and their biological activities in detail. From the scientific literature, phlorotannins can be potentially useful in the development of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals.
Collapse
|
30
|
Murray M, Dordevic AL, Ryan L, Bonham MP. An emerging trend in functional foods for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: Marine algal polyphenols. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 58:1342-1358. [PMID: 27834493 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1259209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Marine macroalgae are gaining recognition among the scientific community as a significant source of functional food ingredients. Due to the harsh environments in which macroalgae survive, they produce unique bioactive compounds that are not found in terrestrial plants. Polyphenols are the predominant bioactive compound in brown algae and are accountable for the majority of its biological activity. Phlorotannins are a type of polyphenol that are unique to marine sources and have exhibited protective effects against hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, inflammation and oxidative stress, known risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetic complications, in cell culture, animal studies and some human studies. This review updates the information on marine polyphenols, with a particular focus on phlorotannins and their potential health benefits in relation to the prevention and treatment of risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Murray
- a Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food , Monash University , Victoria , Australia
| | - Aimee L Dordevic
- b Department of Natural Sciences , Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology , Galway , Ireland
| | - Lisa Ryan
- b Department of Natural Sciences , Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology , Galway , Ireland
| | - Maxine P Bonham
- a Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food , Monash University , Victoria , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Murray M, Dordevic AL, Ryan L, Bonham MP. The Impact of a Single Dose of a Polyphenol-Rich Seaweed Extract on Postprandial Glycaemic Control in Healthy Adults: A Randomised Cross-Over Trial. Nutrients 2018; 10:E270. [PMID: 29495492 PMCID: PMC5872688 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of a polyphenol-rich seaweed extract on postprandial glycaemia in healthy adults, and, as a secondary outcome, the influence of ethnicity on these outcomes. Thirty-eight volunteers (26 non-Asian, 12 Asian) aged 19 to 56 years participated in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised cross-over trial. Participants each consumed a low (500 mg), and high (2000 mg) dose of the polyphenol-rich brown seaweed (Fucus vesiculosus) extract, as well as a cellulose placebo (2000 mg), 30 min prior to 50 g of available carbohydrate from white bread. Postprandial blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured over two hours (fasting, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min) from a finger prick blood sample. Data were analysed using a repeated measures analysis of variance. Compared with the placebo, neither dose had a lowering effect on postprandial glucose or insulin responses. However, individuals of an Asian background experienced consistently elevated plasma insulin responses, assessed using an incremental area under the curve, compared with non-Asian participants, irrespective of supplement (p = 0.016). These results suggest an increased risk of insulin resistance among Asian populations, compared with non-Asian, and that measurement of blood glucose levels alone may be insufficient to diagnose diabetes risk in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Murray
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Aimee L Dordevic
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Lisa Ryan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway H91 T8NW, Ireland.
| | - Maxine P Bonham
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Haskell-Ramsay CF, Jackson PA, Dodd FL, Forster JS, Bérubé J, Levinton C, Kennedy DO. Acute Post-Prandial Cognitive Effects of Brown Seaweed Extract in Humans. Nutrients 2018; 10:E85. [PMID: 29342865 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
(Poly)phenols and, specifically, phlorotannins present in brown seaweeds have previously been shown to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase, key enzymes involved in the breakdown and intestinal absorption of carbohydrates. Related to this are observations of modulation of post-prandial glycemic response in mice and increased insulin sensitivity in humans when supplemented with seaweed extract. However, no studies to date have explored the effect of seaweed extract on cognition. The current randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel groups study examined the impact of a brown seaweed extract on cognitive function post-prandially in 60 healthy adults (N = 30 per group). Computerized measures of episodic memory, attention and subjective state were completed at baseline and 5 times at 40 min intervals over a 3 h period following lunch, with either seaweed or placebo consumed 30 min prior to lunch. Analysis was conducted with linear mixed models controlling for baseline. Seaweed led to significant improvements to accuracy on digit vigilance (p = 0.035) and choice reaction time (p = 0.043) tasks. These findings provide the first evidence for modulation of cognition with seaweed extract. In order to explore the mechanism underlying these effects, future research should examine effects on cognition in parallel with blood glucose and insulin responses.
Collapse
|
33
|
Vo TS, Kim SK, Ryu B, Ngo DH, Yoon NY, Bach LG, Hang NTN, Ngo DN. The Suppressive Activity of Fucofuroeckol-A Derived from Brown Algal Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura on UVB-Induced Mast Cell Degranulation. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E1. [PMID: 29300311 PMCID: PMC5793049 DOI: 10.3390/md16010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UV light, especially UVB, is known as a trigger of allergic reaction, leading to mast cell degranulation and histamine release. In this study, phlorotannin Fucofuroeckol-A (F-A) derived from brown algal Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura was evaluated for its protective capability against UVB-induced allergic reaction in RBL-2H3 mast cells. It was revealed that F-A significantly suppress mast cell degranulation via decreasing histamine release as well as intracellular Ca2+ elevation at the concentration of 50 μM. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of F-A on IL-1β and TNF-α productions was also evidenced. Notably, the protective activity of F-A against mast cell degranulation was found due to scavenging ROS production. Accordingly, F-A from brown algal E. stolonifera was suggested to be promising candidate for its protective capability against UVB-induced allergic reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Sang Vo
- NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 606-791, Korea.
| | - BoMi Ryu
- School of Pharmacy, the University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Dai Hung Ngo
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Thu Dau Mot University, Thu Dau Mot City 820000, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam.
| | - Na-Young Yoon
- Food and Safety Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development, Busan 46083, Korea.
| | - Long Giang Bach
- Department of Science and Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Thi Nhat Hang
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Thu Dau Mot University, Thu Dau Mot City 820000, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science-VNU-HCM City, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Dai Nghiep Ngo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ahn HS, Lee DH, Kim TJ, Shin HC, Jeon HK. Cardioprotective Effects of a Phlorotannin Extract Against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in a Rat Model. J Med Food 2017; 20:944-950. [PMID: 28816580 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.3919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term therapy with doxorubicin (DOX) is associated with high incidence of cumulative and irreversible dilated cardiomyopathy. The goal of this study was to evaluate the cardioprotective effects and safety of a phlorotannin extract from a brown algae Ecklonia cava (Seapolynol™, SPN) against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in a rat model. A total of 42 rats were divided into six groups: control, low-dose SPN (LDS), high-dose SPN (HDS), DOX, DOX with low-dose SPN (DOX+LDS), and DOX with high-dose SPN (DOX+HDS). Echocardiography was performed at baseline and after 6 weeks. In left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, DOX and DOX+LDS groups showed significant decreases (P < .001), while LDS, HDS, and DOX+HDS groups showed no significant change compared with control group. In LV mass index, DOX and DOX+LDS groups showed significant increases (P < .001 and P = .013), while LDS, HDS, and DOX+HDS groups showed no significant change compared with control group. In electron microscopy of the LV wall tissue, DOX+HDS group showed markedly less impaired myofibrils and mitochondria compared with both DOX and DOX+LDS groups. On the findings in echocardiography and electron microscopy, 6-week oral administration of SPN was safe and cardioprotective in a DOX-induced rat cardiotoxicity model in a dose-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Suk Ahn
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital , Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Lee
- 2 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital , Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Jung Kim
- 3 Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Shin
- 4 CEWIT Center for Systems Biology, The State University of New York , Incheon, Korea
| | - Hui-Kyung Jeon
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital , Uijeongbu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Murray M, Dordevic AL, Bonham MP, Ryan L. Do marine algal polyphenols have antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic or anti-inflammatory effects in humans? A systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2039-2054. [PMID: 28414549 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1301876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes are leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Marine algal polyphenols have potential to reduce the risk of these conditions, however, little is known about their impact in humans. This systematic review investigates the antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects of marine polyphenols in humans. Scopus, Medline, PsychInfo, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched in November 2016. Eligible studies included (1) human adults, (2) marine polyphenol intervention, (3) blood lipid, glucose, insulin or inflammatory marker outcomes, and (4) were a randomized-controlled trial. One postprandial cross-over trial and four parallel design trials were included involving 271 adults. Analysis across studies was performed using Cohen's d effect sizes. Supplementation with polyphenol-rich extracts had small-to-medium positive effects on fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol; however, there is inadequate evidence as yet to confirm if these are consistent effects. Further randomized-controlled trials should investigate polyphenols from Ecklonia cava and other macroalgal sources, to determine if there is a role for marine polyphenols in reducing the risk factors of chronic disease in humans. (PROSPERO registration number CRD42015016890).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Murray
- a Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food , Monash University , Victoria , Australia
| | - Aimee L Dordevic
- a Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food , Monash University , Victoria , Australia
| | - Maxine P Bonham
- a Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food , Monash University , Victoria , Australia
| | - Lisa Ryan
- b Department of Natural Sciences , Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology , Galway , Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
SummaryWhile the Inuit diet was highly cardio-protective and consuming oily fish within a Western diet is to a lesser degree, the case for purified fish oil supplements is less convincing. Purification of fish oil removes lipophilic polyphenols which likely contribute to the health benefits of oily fish; leaving the ω3 highly unsaturated fatty acids exposed and prone to conferring oxidative and inflammatory stress. The authors believe that due to such issues as dietary shift, it may now be inadvisable to prescribe or sell purified ω3 highly unsaturated fatty acids supplements, unless the appropriate co-factors are included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Clayton
- Institute of Food, Brain & Behaviour, Oxford OX4 1JE, UK
| | - Szabolcs Ladi
- Deparment of Public Health, University of Pecs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yang YI, Woo JH, Seo YJ, Lee KT, Lim Y, Choi JH. Protective Effect of Brown Alga Phlorotannins against Hyper-inflammatory Responses in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sepsis Models. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:570-8. [PMID: 26730445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Brown algae have been recognized as a food ingredient and health food supplement in Japan and Korea, and phlorotannins are unique marine phenol compounds produced exclusively by brown algae. Sepsis is a whole-body inflammatory condition with a mortality rate of 30-40%. Here, we investigated the effects of a phlorotannin-rich extract of the edible brown alga Ecklonia cava against hyper-inflammatory response in LPS-induced septic shock mouse model. E. cava extract significantly increased the survival rate and attenuated liver and kidney damage in the mice. In addition, E. cava attenuated serum levels of NO, PGE2, and HMGB-1. In macrophages, treatment with E. cava extract down-regulated iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6, and HMGB-1. In addition, E. cava suppressed the NIK/TAK1/IKK/IκB/NFκB pathway. Moreover, E. cava increased Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. HO-1 knockdown using siRNA restored the extract-suppressed NO and PGE2 production. Dieckol, a major compound in the extract, reduced mortality, tissue toxicity, and serum levels of the inflammatory factors in septic mice. These data suggest that brown algae phlorotannins suppress septic shock through negative regulation of pro-inflammatory factors via the NIK/TAK1/IKK/IκB/NFκB and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-In Yang
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science and ‡Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University , 26 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Woo
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science and ‡Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University , 26 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
| | - Yun-Ji Seo
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science and ‡Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University , 26 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science and ‡Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University , 26 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
| | - Yunsook Lim
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science and ‡Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University , 26 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science and ‡Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University , 26 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nakajima N, Ohki K, Kamiya M. Defense mechanisms of sargassacean species against the epiphytic red alga Neosiphonia harveyi. J Phycol 2015; 51:695-705. [PMID: 26986791 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Flora diversity and abundance of epiphytes are specific to their basiphyte species and may relate to variations in the defensive abilities of basiphytes. Thus, investigating the interactions between epiphytes and basiphytes is useful for a better understanding of the biological impact of epiphytism and the survival strategies of basiphytes. We examined the epiphyte density on five sargassacean species at six locations between two study sites, which showed that the epiphytic red alga Neosiphonia harveyi was remarkably less abundant on Sargassum siliquastrum at all locations. To assess its defense mechanism against N. harveyi, we performed bioassays of phlorotannins, which are considered effective in deterring fouling, by culturing sargassacean blades with N. harveyi carpospores and observed the process by which sargassacean blades remove epiphytes. When the carpospores were incubated with various concentrations of dissolved phlorotannins, settlement and germination were inhibited only at the highest concentrations (>0.1 g · L(-1) ), and this effect did not significantly differ among the five sargassacean species. When the carpospores were combined with blades from the five species, many of the spores attached and germinated on every blade. Because N. harveyi penetrated rhizoids into basiphyte tissues, cuticle peeling observed in all five sargassacean species could not remove this epiphyte after germination. However, in S. siliquastrum, the blade tissues around the germlings became swollen and disintegrative, and were removed together with the germlings. The spores normally grew on the dead blades, suggesting that the tissue degradation of S. siliquastrum is triggered by the infection of N. harveyi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Nakajima
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Obama, Fukui, 917-0003, Japan
| | - Kaori Ohki
- Faculty of Marine Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Obama, Fukui, 917-0003, Japan
| | - Mitsunobu Kamiya
- Faculty of Marine Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Obama, Fukui, 917-0003, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kellogg J, Grace MH, Lila MA. Phlorotannins from Alaskan seaweed inhibit carbolytic enzyme activity. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:5277-94. [PMID: 25341030 PMCID: PMC4210899 DOI: 10.3390/md12105277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Global incidence of type 2 diabetes has escalated over the past few decades, necessitating a continued search for natural sources of enzyme inhibitors to offset postprandial hyperglycemia. The objective of this study was to evaluate coastal Alaskan seaweed inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, two carbolytic enzymes involved in serum glucose regulation. Of the six species initially screened, the brown seaweeds Fucus distichus and Alaria marginata possessed the strongest inhibitory effects. F. distichus fractions were potent mixed-mode inhibitors of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, with IC50 values of 0.89 and 13.9 μg/mL, respectively; significantly more efficacious than the pharmaceutical acarbose (IC50 of 112.0 and 137.8 μg/mL, respectively). The activity of F. distichus fractions was associated with phlorotannin oligomers. Normal-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (NPLC-MS) was employed to characterize individual oligomers. Accurate masses and fragmentation patterns confirmed the presence of fucophloroethol structures with degrees of polymerization from 3 to 18 monomer units. These findings suggest that coastal Alaskan seaweeds are sources of α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory phlorotannins, and thus have potential to limit the release of sugar from carbohydrates and thus alleviate postprandial hyperglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Kellogg
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
| | - Mary H Grace
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jung HA, Kim JI, Choung SY, Choi JS. Protective effect of the edible brown alga Ecklonia stolonifera on doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in primary rat hepatocytes. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:1180-8. [PMID: 24628384 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As part of our efforts to isolate anti-hepatotoxic agents from marine natural products, we screened the ability of 14 edible varieties of Korean seaweed to protect against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in primary rat hepatocytes. METHODS Among the crude extracts of two Chlorophyta (Codium fragile and Capsosiphon fulvescens), seven Phaeophyta (Undaria pinnatifida, Sargassum thunbergii, Pelvetia siliquosa, Ishige okamurae, Ecklonia cava, Ecklonia stolonifera and Eisenia bicyclis), five Rhodophyta (Chondrus ocellatus, Gelidium amansii, Gracilaria verrucosa, Symphycladia latiuscula and Porphyra tenera), and the extracts of Ecklonia stolonifera, Ecklonia cava, Eisenia bicyclis and Pelvetia siliquosa exhibited significant protective effects on doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity, with half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 15.0 μg/ml, respectively. KEY FINDINGS Since Ecklonia stolonifera exhibits a significant protective potential and is frequently used as foodstuff, we isolated six phlorotannins, including phloroglucinol (1), dioxinodehydroeckol (2), eckol (3), phlorofucofuroeckol A (4), dieckol (5) and triphloroethol-A (6). Phlorotannins 2 ∼ 6 exhibited potential protective effects on doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity, with corresponding EC50 values of 3.4, 8.3, 4.4, 5.5 and 11.5 μg/ml, respectively. CONCLUSION The results clearly demonstrated that the anti-hepatotoxic effects of Ecklonia stolonifera and its isolated phlorotannins are useful for further exploration and development of therapeutic modalities for treatment of hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Karadeniz F, Kang KH, Park JW, Park SJ, Kim SK. Anti-HIV-1 activity of phlorotannin derivative 8,4‴-dieckol from Korean brown alga Ecklonia cava. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:1151-8. [PMID: 25229850 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.923282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
8,4‴-dieckol is a natural product which has been isolated from brown alga, Ecklonia cava. This polyphenolic compound is a phlorotannin derivative with a broad range of bioactivities. Its inhibitory activity on human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) was tested and the results indicated that 8,4‴-dieckol inhibited HIV-1 induced syncytia formation, lytic effects, and viral p24 antigen production at noncytotoxic concentrations. Furthermore, it was found that 8,4‴-dieckol selectively inhibited the activity of HIV-1 reverse trancriptase (RT) enzyme with 91% inhibition ratio at the concentration of 50 μM. HIV-1 entry was also inhibited by 8,4‴-dieckol. According to data from this study, 8,4‴-dieckol is an effective compound against HIV-1 with high potential for further studies. These results suggest that it might be used as a drug candidate for the development of new generation therapeutic agents, although further studies on the mechanism of inhibition should be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Karadeniz
- a Marine Bioprocess Research Center , Pukyong National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kwon HJ, Ryu YB, Kim YM, Song N, Kim CY, Rho MC, Jeong JH, Cho KO, Lee WS, Park SJ. In vitro antiviral activity of phlorotannins isolated from Ecklonia cava against porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus infection and hemagglutination. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4706-13. [PMID: 23746631 PMCID: PMC7127107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the prepdominat agent causing severe entero-pathogenic diarrhea in swine, there are no effective therapeutical treatment of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of five phlorotannins isolated from Ecklonia cava (E. cava) against PEDV. In vitro antiviral activity was tested using two different assay strategies: (1) blockage of the binding of virus to cells (simultaneous-treatment assay) and (2) inhibition of viral replication (post-treatment assay). In simultaneous-treatment assay, compounds 2-5 except compound 1 exhibited antiviral activities of a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) with the ranging from 10.8 ± 1.4 to 22.5 ± 2.2 μM against PEDV. Compounds 1-5 were completely blocked binding of viral spike protein to sialic acids at less than 36.6 μM concentrations by hemagglutination inhibition. Moreover, compounds 4 and 5 of five phlorotannins inhibited viral replication with IC₅₀ values of 12.2 ± 2.8 and 14.6 ± 1.3 μM in the post-treatment assay, respectively. During virus replication steps, compounds 4 and 5 exhibited stronger inhibition of viral RNA and viral protein synthesis in late stages (18 and 24 h) than in early stages (6 and 12 h). Interestingly, compounds 4 and 5 inhibited both viral entry by hemagglutination inhibition and viral replication by inhibition of viral RNA and viral protein synthesis, but not viral protease. These results suggest that compounds isolated from E. cava have strong antiviral activity against PEDV, inhibiting viral entry and/or viral replication, and may be developed into natural therapeutic drugs against coronavirus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Jun Kwon
- Infection Control Material Research Center, AI Control Material Research Center and Bioindustrial Process Reasearch Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Park JY, Kim JH, Kwon JM, Kwon HJ, Jeong HJ, Kim YM, Kim D, Lee WS, Ryu YB. Dieckol, a SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibitor, isolated from the edible brown algae Ecklonia cava. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3730-7. [PMID: 23647823 PMCID: PMC7126891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) plays an important role in viral replication. In this study, we performed a biological evaluation on nine phlorotannins isolated from the edible brown algae Ecklonia cava. The nine isolated phlorotannins (1-9), except phloroglucinol (1), possessed SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibitory activities in a dose-dependently and competitive manner. Of these phlorotannins (1-9), two eckol groups with a diphenyl ether linked dieckol (8) showed the most potent SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) trans/cis-cleavage inhibitory effects (IC(50)s = 2.7 and 68.1 μM, respectively). This is the first report of a (8) phlorotannin chemotype significantly blocking the cleavage of SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) in a cell-based assay with no toxicity. Furthermore, dieckol (8) exhibited a high association rate in the SPR sensorgram and formed extremely strong hydrogen bonds to the catalytic dyad (Cys145 and His41) of the SARS-CoV 3CL(pro).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Park
- Infection Control Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gruber A, Roleda MY, Bartsch I, Hanelt D, Wiencke C. SPOROGENESIS UNDER ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION IN LAMINARIA DIGITATA (PHAEOPHYCEAE) REVEALS PROTECTION OF PHOTOSENSITIVE MEIOSPORES WITHIN SORAL TISSUE: PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL EVIDENCE 1. J Phycol 2011; 47:603-614. [PMID: 27021990 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.00998.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To study the effect of different radiation conditions on sporogenesis of Laminaria digitata (Huds.) J. V. Lamour., excised disks were induced to form sporangia under PAR (P), PAR + ultraviolet-A (UVA) (PA), and PAR + UVA + ultraviolet-B (UVB) (PAB) conditions in the laboratory. Vitality of meiospores, released from sori induced under different radiation conditions in the laboratory and from sori of wild sporophytes acclimated to in situ solar radiation in the presence and absence of ultraviolet radiation (UVR), was measured in terms of their germination capacity. Sorus induction in disks of laboratory-grown sporophytes was not hampered under light supplemented with UVR, and sorus area was not significantly different among P, PA, and PAB. Vitality and germination rate of meiospores released from sori induced under different radiation treatments was comparable. Likewise, screening of UVR of the natural solar radiation did not promote higher germination rates of meiospores released from wild sporophytes. Germination rates were, however, higher in meiospores released from laboratory-induced sori compared to sori of wild sporophytes. Higher DNA damage (formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, CPDs) was observed in laboratory-grown nonsorus compared to sorus tissue, while CPDs were nondetectable in both sorus and nonsorus tissue of wild sporophytes. To explain the apparent protection of developing meiospores and the unexpected UV resistance of soral tissue, concurrent anatomical investigations of sporogenic tissue were performed. We observed the previously unreported existence of two types of sterile paraphysis cells. One type of paraphysis cells, the most frequent type, contained several red-fluorescing plastids. The other type, less frequently occurring, was completely filled with substances emitting blue fluorescence under violet excitation, presumably brown algal phenolic compounds (phlorotannins). Cells of this type were irregularly scattered within the sorus and did not contain red-fluorescing plastids. Meiospore-containing sporangia were positioned embedded between both types of paraphysis cells. In vegetative tissue, blue autofluorescence was observed only in injured parts of the blade. Results of our study suggest that the sorus structure with phlorotannins localized in the specialized paraphysis cells may be able to screen harmful UVR and protect UV-sensitive meiospores inside the sporangia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ansgar Gruber
- Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 27498 Helgoland, GermanySection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, GermanyBiozentrum Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorst-Str. 18, 22609 Hamburg, GermanySection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Michael Y Roleda
- Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 27498 Helgoland, GermanySection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, GermanyBiozentrum Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorst-Str. 18, 22609 Hamburg, GermanySection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Inka Bartsch
- Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 27498 Helgoland, GermanySection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, GermanyBiozentrum Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorst-Str. 18, 22609 Hamburg, GermanySection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Dieter Hanelt
- Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 27498 Helgoland, GermanySection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, GermanyBiozentrum Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorst-Str. 18, 22609 Hamburg, GermanySection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Christian Wiencke
- Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 27498 Helgoland, GermanySection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, GermanyBiozentrum Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorst-Str. 18, 22609 Hamburg, GermanySection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| |
Collapse
|