1
|
Pichkur EB, Vorovitch MF, Ivanova AL, Protopopova EV, Loktev VB, Osolodkin DI, Ishmukhametov AA, Samygina VR. The structure of inactivated mature tick-borne encephalitis virus at 3.0 Å resolution. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2313849. [PMID: 38465849 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2313849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) causes a severe disease, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), that has a substantial epidemiological importance for Northern Eurasia. Between 10,000 and 15,000 TBE cases are registered annually despite the availability of effective formaldehyde-inactivated full-virion vaccines due to insufficient vaccination coverage, as well as sporadic cases of vaccine breakthrough. The development of improved vaccines would benefit from the atomic resolution structure of the antigen. Here we report the refined single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the inactivated mature TBEV vaccine strain Sofjin-Chumakov (Far-Eastern subtype) at a resolution of 3.0 Å. The increase of the resolution with respect to the previously published structures of TBEV strains Hypr and Kuutsalo-14 (European subtype) was reached due to improvement of the virus sample quality achieved by the optimized preparation methods. All the surface epitopes of TBEV were structurally conserved in the inactivated virions. ELISA studies with monoclonal antibodies supported the hypothesis of TBEV protein shell cross-linking upon inactivation with formaldehyde.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikhail F Vorovitch
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alla L Ivanova
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Protopopova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Valery B Loktev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry I Osolodkin
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Aydar A Ishmukhametov
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Srichawla BS, Manan MR, Kipkorir V, Dhali A, Diebel S, Sawant T, Zia S, Carrion-Alvarez D, Suteja RC, Nurani K, Găman MA. Neuroinvasion of emerging and re-emerging arboviruses: A scoping review. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121241229847. [PMID: 38711470 PMCID: PMC11072077 DOI: 10.1177/20503121241229847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Arboviruses are RNA viruses and some have the potential to cause neuroinvasive disease and are a growing threat to global health. Objectives Our objective is to identify and map all aspects of arbovirus neuroinvasive disease, clarify key concepts, and identify gaps within our knowledge with appropriate future directions related to the improvement of global health. Methods Sources of Evidence: A scoping review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Hinari. Eligibility Criteria: Original data including epidemiology, risk factors, neurological manifestations, neuro-diagnostics, management, and preventive measures related to neuroinvasive arbovirus infections was obtained. Sources of evidence not reporting on original data, non-English, and not in peer-reviewed journals were removed. Charting Methods: An initial pilot sample of 30 abstracts were reviewed by all authors and a Cohen's kappa of κ = 0.81 (near-perfect agreement) was obtained. Records were manually reviewed by two authors using the Rayyan QCRI software. Results A total of 171 records were included. A wide array of neurological manifestations can occur most frequently, including parkinsonism, encephalitis/encephalopathy, meningitis, flaccid myelitis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain often reveals subcortical lesions, sometimes with diffusion restriction consistent with acute ischemia. Vertical transmission of arbovirus is most often secondary to the Zika virus. Neurological manifestations of congenital Zika syndrome, include microcephaly, failure to thrive, intellectual disability, and seizures. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis often shows lymphocytic pleocytosis, elevated albumin, and protein consistent with blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Conclusions Arbovirus infection with neurological manifestations leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Risk factors for disease include living and traveling in an arbovirus endemic zone, age, pregnancy, and immunosuppressed status. The management of neuroinvasive arbovirus disease is largely supportive and focuses on specific neurological complications. There is a need for therapeutics and currently, management is based on disease prevention and limiting zoonosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahadar S Srichawla
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Vincent Kipkorir
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Arkadeep Dhali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sebastian Diebel
- Department of Family Medicine, Northern Ontario School of Medicine University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Tirtha Sawant
- Department of Neurology, Spartan Health Sciences University, Spartan Drive St, Saint Lucia
| | - Subtain Zia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Richard C Suteja
- Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Kampus Bukit, Jl, Raya Kampus Unud Jimbaran, Kec, Kuta Sel, Kabupaten Badung, Bukit Jimbaran, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Khulud Nurani
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, București, Romania
- Bucharest, Romania and Department of Hematology, Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, București, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zidovec-Lepej S, Bodulić K, Bogdanic M, Gorenec L, Savic V, Grgic I, Sabadi D, Santini M, Radmanic Matotek L, Kucinar J, Barbic L, Zmak L, Ferenc T, Stevanovic V, Antolasic L, Milasincic L, Hruskar Z, Vujica Ferenc M, Vilibic-Cavlek T. Proinflammatory Chemokine Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Neuroinvasive Flavivirus Infections. Microorganisms 2024; 12:657. [PMID: 38674602 PMCID: PMC11052399 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are the most important neuroinvasive arboviruses detected in Europe. In this study, we analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of 12 proinflammatory chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL11, CCL17, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11) in 77 patients with neuroinvasive diseases (NIDs). Flavivirus infection was confirmed in 62 patients (TBEV and WNV in 31 patients each), while in 15 patients the etiology of NID was not determined (NDE). Similar patterns of high-level expression of chemokines regulating monocyte/macrophage responses (CCL2), neutrophil recruitment (CXCL1 and CXCL8), and interferon-inducible chemoattractants for leukocytes (CXCL10 and CXCL11) have been observed in WNV and TBEV groups. None of the tested chemokines significantly differed between patients with TBEV or WNV. Concentrations of CCL17, CCL20, CXCL5, CXCL10, and CXCL11 were significantly lower in both WNV and TBEV groups compared to NID NDE patients. The logistic regression model showed that CSF concentrations of CXCL11, CXCL5, and CXCL10 could potentially be used for the classification of patients into the WNV or TBEV group versus groups with other NIDs. This study identified, for the first time, similar patterns of CSF chemokine expression in WNV and TBEV infections, suggesting common immunopathogenic mechanisms in neuroinvasive flavivirus infections that should be further evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Snjezana Zidovec-Lepej
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr. Fran Mihaljevic”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.Z.-L.); (L.G.); (I.G.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Kristian Bodulić
- Research Department, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr. Fran Mihaljevic”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Maja Bogdanic
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (L.A.); (L.M.); (Z.H.)
| | - Lana Gorenec
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr. Fran Mihaljevic”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.Z.-L.); (L.G.); (I.G.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Vladimir Savic
- Poultry Center, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ivana Grgic
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr. Fran Mihaljevic”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.Z.-L.); (L.G.); (I.G.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Dario Sabadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Santini
- Department for Infections in Immunocompromised Patients, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr. Fran Mihaljevic”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Leona Radmanic Matotek
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr. Fran Mihaljevic”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.Z.-L.); (L.G.); (I.G.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Jasmina Kucinar
- Department of Serology and Immunology, Istria County Institute of Public Health, 52100 Pula, Croatia;
| | - Ljubo Barbic
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Ljiljana Zmak
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Microbiology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Thomas Ferenc
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Stevanovic
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Ljiljana Antolasic
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (L.A.); (L.M.); (Z.H.)
| | - Ljiljana Milasincic
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (L.A.); (L.M.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zeljka Hruskar
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (L.A.); (L.M.); (Z.H.)
| | - Mateja Vujica Ferenc
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (L.A.); (L.M.); (Z.H.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vilibic-Cavlek T, Krcmar S, Bogdanic M, Tomljenovic M, Barbic L, Roncevic D, Sabadi D, Vucelja M, Santini M, Hunjak B, Stevanovic V, Boljfetic M, Bjedov L, Masovic V, Potocnik-Hunjadi T, Lakoseljac D, Al-Mufleh M, Savic V. An Overview of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Epidemiology in Endemic Regions of Continental Croatia, 2017-2023. Microorganisms 2024; 12:386. [PMID: 38399790 PMCID: PMC10891638 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) represents an important public health problem in Europe. We analyzed the epidemiology of TBE based on data from humans, animals, and Ixodes ricinus ticks in endemic regions of continental Croatia. In the period from 2017 to 2023, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples of 684 patients with neuroinvasive diseases, 2240 horse serum samples, and 300 sheep serum samples were tested for TBEV. In addition, 8751 I. ricinus ticks were collected. CSF samples were tested using RT-PCR. Serological tests (serum, CSF) were performed using commercial ELISA, with confirmation of cross-reactive samples by a virus neutralization test. Eighty-four autochthonous human TBEV cases were confirmed. The majority of patients were in the age group of 40-69 years (58.3%) with a male predominance (70.2%). TBE showed a bimodal seasonality with a large peak in April-August and a small one in October-November. In addition to humans, TBEV IgG antibodies were found in 12.2% of horses and 9.7% of sheep. Seasonal tick abundance corresponds to the reported number of human infections. Continental Croatia is still an active natural focus of TBE. Continuous monitoring of infections in humans, sentinel animals, and ticks is needed for the implementation of preventive measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Stjepan Krcmar
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Maja Bogdanic
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Morana Tomljenovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Teaching Institute of Public Health of the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (M.T.); (D.R.); (D.L.)
- Department of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ljubo Barbic
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.); (V.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Dobrica Roncevic
- Department of Epidemiology, Teaching Institute of Public Health of the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (M.T.); (D.R.); (D.L.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Dario Sabadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Medical Faculty, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marko Vucelja
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.V.); (M.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Marija Santini
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr. Fran Mihaljevic”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blazenka Hunjak
- Department of Bacteriology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Microbiology, University of Applied Health Sciences, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Stevanovic
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.); (V.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Marko Boljfetic
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.V.); (M.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Linda Bjedov
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.V.); (M.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Viktor Masovic
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.); (V.S.); (V.M.)
| | | | - Danijela Lakoseljac
- Department of Epidemiology, Teaching Institute of Public Health of the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (M.T.); (D.R.); (D.L.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Mahmoud Al-Mufleh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, County Hospital Cakovec, 40000 Cakovec, Croatia;
| | - Vladimir Savic
- Poultry Center, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gaffuri A, Sassera D, Calzolari M, Gibelli L, Lelli D, Tebaldi A, Vicari N, Bianchi A, Pigoli C, Cerioli M, Zandonà L, Varisco G, Bertoletti I, Prati P. Tick-Borne Encephalitis, Lombardy, Italy. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:341-344. [PMID: 38270164 PMCID: PMC10826753 DOI: 10.3201/eid3002.231016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis was limited to northeast portions of Italy. We report in Lombardy, a populous region in the northwest, a chamois displaying clinical signs of tickborne encephalitis virus that had multiple virus-positive ticks attached, as well as a symptomatic man. Further, we show serologic evidence of viral circulation in the area.
Collapse
|
6
|
Jung H, Choi CH, Lee M, Kim SY, Aknazarov B, Nyrgaziev R, Atabekova N, Jetigenov E, Chung YS, Lee HI. Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus from Ticks Collected from Cattle in Kyrgyzstan, 2023. Viruses 2024; 16:107. [PMID: 38257807 PMCID: PMC10821214 DOI: 10.3390/v16010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ticks are important vectors of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). In Kyrgyzstan, the livestock farming trade and nomadic lifestyle enable tick-borne diseases to be imported from neighboring countries, but there are few relevant studies. In this study, we collected 40 ticks from cattle in Kyrgyzstan. Molecular marker analysis identified the ticks as Ixodes persulcatus (97.5%; n = 39) and Haemaphysalis punctata (2.5%; n = 1). Real-time PCR screening revealed two ticks to be positive for TBEV, but only one tick was amplified using nested PCR targeting the TBEV envelope (E) and non-structure 5 (NS5) gene. The obtained sequences belonged to the TBEV Siberian subtype and phylogenetic tree analysis results confirmed that the virus was related to the Bosnia strain. We also performed next-generation sequencing, which confirmed the TBEV Siberian subtype. Continuous research and surveillance of TBEV in Kyrgyzstan are required to provide further information on tick-borne diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haneul Jung
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea; (H.J.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Chi-Hwan Choi
- Division of High-Risk Pathogens, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea; (C.-H.C.); (M.L.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Minji Lee
- Division of High-Risk Pathogens, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea; (C.-H.C.); (M.L.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Seong-Yoon Kim
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea; (H.J.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Bekbolsun Aknazarov
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyrgyz National Agrarian University Named after K. I. Skryabin, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan; (B.A.); (R.N.); (N.A.); (E.J.)
| | - Rysbek Nyrgaziev
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyrgyz National Agrarian University Named after K. I. Skryabin, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan; (B.A.); (R.N.); (N.A.); (E.J.)
| | - Nurzina Atabekova
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyrgyz National Agrarian University Named after K. I. Skryabin, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan; (B.A.); (R.N.); (N.A.); (E.J.)
| | - Elmurat Jetigenov
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyrgyz National Agrarian University Named after K. I. Skryabin, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan; (B.A.); (R.N.); (N.A.); (E.J.)
| | - Yoon-Seok Chung
- Division of High-Risk Pathogens, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea; (C.-H.C.); (M.L.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Hee-Il Lee
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea; (H.J.); (S.-Y.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fareed A, Rohail S, Zameer U, Wahid A, Akhtar SMM, Masood W. A comprehensive neurological perspective on tick-borne flaviviruses, with emphasis on Powassan virus. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2024; 11:20499361241247470. [PMID: 38693969 PMCID: PMC11062229 DOI: 10.1177/20499361241247470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Powassan virus (POWV), a tick-borne flavivirus transmitted primarily by Ixodes ticks, poses a significant threat as it can lead to severe neuroinvasive illness. This review delves into the nuanced clinical presentation of Powassan infection, a challenge in diagnosis exacerbated by the absence of an available vaccine. Over the past decade, the prevalence of POWV has surged in North America, necessitating a thorough examination of its neurological manifestations alongside tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). A comprehensive literature search conducted up to January 2024 revealed 135 cases of neurological symptoms associated with either Powassan or TBEV infection. Notably, severe occipital headache emerged as the most prevalent symptom (22.75%), followed by meningoencephalitis (10.34%), seizures (8.27%), and flaccid paresis (6.8%). Additional manifestations included poor balance, wide gait, dysarthria, facial nerve palsy, seizure, slurred speech, and absent deep tendon reflexes. Tragically, nine cases resulted in fatal outcomes attributed to POWV infection. This analysis highlights the intricate spectrum of neurological symptoms associated with Powassan infection and underscores the necessity for heightened awareness among medical practitioners, particularly in regions with a higher prevalence of the virus. The complexity of symptoms emphasizes the need for further research to unravel the factors contributing to this diversity. Additionally, exploring potential treatment avenues and vaccine development is crucial in addressing the rising threat posed by POWV, ultimately enhancing our ability to manage and prevent severe neurological outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Areeba Fareed
- Department of Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Block M, North Nazimabad, Karachi 74600, Pakistan
| | - Samia Rohail
- Department of Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ushna Zameer
- Department of Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahid
- Department of Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Waniyah Masood
- Department of Medicine, Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vorovitch MF, Samygina VR, Pichkur E, Konarev PV, Peters G, Khvatov EV, Ivanova AL, Tuchynskaya KK, Konyushko OI, Fedotov AY, Armeev G, Shaytan KV, Kovalchuk MV, Osolodkin DI, Egorov AM, Ishmukhametov AA. Preparation and characterization of inactivated tick-borne encephalitis virus samples for single-particle imaging at the European XFEL. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2024; 80:44-59. [PMID: 38164954 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798323010562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
X-ray imaging of virus particles at the European XFEL could eventually allow their complete structures to be solved, potentially approaching the resolution of other structural virology methods. To achieve this ambitious goal with today's technologies, about 1 ml of purified virus suspension containing at least 1012 particles per millilitre is required. Such large amounts of concentrated suspension have never before been obtained for enveloped viruses. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) represents an attractive model system for the development of enveloped virus purification and concentration protocols, given the availability of large amounts of inactivated virus material provided by vaccine-manufacturing facilities. Here, the development of a TBEV vaccine purification and concentration scheme is presented combined with a quality-control protocol that allows substantial amounts of highly concentrated non-aggregated suspension to be obtained. Preliminary single-particle imaging experiments were performed for this sample at the European XFEL, showing distinct diffraction patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail F Vorovitch
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | | | - Evgeny Pichkur
- NRC `Kurchatov Insitute', Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | | | - Georgy Peters
- NRC `Kurchatov Insitute', Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny V Khvatov
- FSASI `Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS' (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russian Federation
| | - Alla L Ivanova
- FSASI `Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS' (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russian Federation
| | - Ksenia K Tuchynskaya
- FSASI `Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS' (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russian Federation
| | - Olga I Konyushko
- FSASI `Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS' (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russian Federation
| | - Anton Y Fedotov
- FSASI `Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS' (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russian Federation
| | - Grigory Armeev
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin V Shaytan
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | | | - Dmitry I Osolodkin
- FSASI `Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS' (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey M Egorov
- FSASI `Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS' (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russian Federation
| | - Aydar A Ishmukhametov
- FSASI `Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS' (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nazarenko AS, Biryukova YK, Orlova EO, Trachuk KN, Ivanova AL, Belyakova AV, Pestov NB, Vorovitch MF, Ishmukhametov AA, Kolyasnikova NM. [Investigation of oncolytic potential of vaccine strains of yellow fever and tick-borne encephalitis viruses against glioblastoma and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines]. Vopr Virusol 2023; 68:536-548. [PMID: 38156569 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Flaviviruses, possessing natural neurotropicity could be used in glioblastoma therapy using attenuated strains or as a delivery system for antitumor agents in an inactivated form. OBJECTIVE To investigate the sensitivity of glioblastoma and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines to vaccine strains of yellow fever and tick-borne encephalitis viruses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell lines: glioblastoma GL-6, T98G, LN-229, pancreatic carcinoma MIA RaCa-2 and human pancreatic ductal carcinoma PANC-1. Viral strains: 17D yellow fever virus (YF), Sofjin tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Virus concentration were determined by plaque assay and quantitative PCR. Determination of cell sensitivity to viruses by MTT assay. RESULTS 17D YF was effective only against pancreatic carcinoma tumor cells MIA Paca-2 and had a limited effect against PANC-1. In glioblastoma cell lines (LN229, GL6, T98G), virus had no oncolytic effect and the viral RNA concentration fell in the culture medium. Sofjin TBEV showed CPE50 against MIA Paca-2 and a very limited cytotoxic effect against PANC-1. However, it had no oncolytic effect against glioblastoma cell lines (LN229, T98G and GL6), although virus reproduction continued in these cultures. For the GL6 glioblastoma cell line, the viral RNA concentration at the level with the infection dose was determined within 13 days, despite medium replacement, while in the case of the LN229 cell line, the virus concentration increased from 1 × 109 to 1 × 1010 copies/ml. CONCLUSION Tumor behavior in organism is more complex and is determined by different microenvironmental factors and immune status. In the future, it is advisable to continue studying the antitumor oncolytic and immunomodulatory effects of viral strains 17D YF and Sofjin TBEV using in vivo models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Nazarenko
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)
| | - Y K Biryukova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)
| | - E O Orlova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)
| | - K N Trachuk
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)
| | - A L Ivanova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)
| | - A V Belyakova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)
| | - N B Pestov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)
| | - M F Vorovitch
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology
| | - A A Ishmukhametov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology
| | - N M Kolyasnikova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Illarionova V, Rogova A, Tuchynskaya K, Volok V, Rogova Y, Baryshnikova V, Turchenko Y, Litov A, Kalyanova A, Siniugina A, Ishmukhametov A, Karganova G. Inapparent Tick-Borne Orthoflavivirus Infection in Macaca fascicularis: A Model for Antiviral Drug and Vaccine Research. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1754. [PMID: 38140159 PMCID: PMC10747564 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and Powassan virus (POWV) are neurotropic tick-borne orthoflaviviruses. They cause mostly asymptomatic infections in hosts, but severe forms with CNS involvement can occur. Studying the early stages of viral infections in humans is challenging, and appropriate animal models are essential for understanding the factors determining the disease severity and for developing emergency prophylaxis and treatment options. In this work, we assessed the model of the early stages of TBEV and POWV mono- and co-infections in Macaca fascicularis. Serological, biochemical, and virological parameters were investigated to describe the infection, including its impact on animal behavior. Viremia, neutralizing antibody dynamics, and viral load in organs were chosen as the main parameters distinguishing early-stage orthoflavivirus infection. Levels of IFNα, monocyte count, and cognitive test scores were proposed as additional informative indicators. An assessment of a tick-borne encephalitis vaccine using this model showed that it provided partial protection against POWV infection in Macaca fascicularis without signs of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Illarionova
- FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Laboratory of Biology of Arbovirus, Moscow 108819, Russia; (V.I.); (A.R.); (K.T.); (V.V.); (Y.R.); (A.L.); (A.K.)
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bd. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasia Rogova
- FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Laboratory of Biology of Arbovirus, Moscow 108819, Russia; (V.I.); (A.R.); (K.T.); (V.V.); (Y.R.); (A.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Ksenia Tuchynskaya
- FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Laboratory of Biology of Arbovirus, Moscow 108819, Russia; (V.I.); (A.R.); (K.T.); (V.V.); (Y.R.); (A.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Viktor Volok
- FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Laboratory of Biology of Arbovirus, Moscow 108819, Russia; (V.I.); (A.R.); (K.T.); (V.V.); (Y.R.); (A.L.); (A.K.)
- Research Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine (RISBM), Laboratory of Infectious Immunology, Moscow 117246, Russia
| | - Yulia Rogova
- FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Laboratory of Biology of Arbovirus, Moscow 108819, Russia; (V.I.); (A.R.); (K.T.); (V.V.); (Y.R.); (A.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Victoria Baryshnikova
- FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Laboratory of Biochemistry, Moscow 108819, Russia; (V.B.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yuriy Turchenko
- FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Laboratory of Biochemistry, Moscow 108819, Russia; (V.B.); (Y.T.)
| | - Alexander Litov
- FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Laboratory of Biology of Arbovirus, Moscow 108819, Russia; (V.I.); (A.R.); (K.T.); (V.V.); (Y.R.); (A.L.); (A.K.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Anna Kalyanova
- FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Laboratory of Biology of Arbovirus, Moscow 108819, Russia; (V.I.); (A.R.); (K.T.); (V.V.); (Y.R.); (A.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexandra Siniugina
- FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia;
| | - Aydar Ishmukhametov
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia;
- FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia;
| | - Galina Karganova
- FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Laboratory of Biology of Arbovirus, Moscow 108819, Russia; (V.I.); (A.R.); (K.T.); (V.V.); (Y.R.); (A.L.); (A.K.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Porcelli S, Heckmann A, Lagrée AC, Galon C, Moutailler S, Deshuillers PL. Exploring the Susceptibility of C3H Mice to Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Infection: Implications for Co-Infection Models and Understanding of the Disease. Viruses 2023; 15:2270. [PMID: 38005946 PMCID: PMC10674427 DOI: 10.3390/v15112270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are increasingly recognized as a critical One Health concern. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a severe neuro infection caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), has emerged as a significant global public health threat. Laboratory animals, particularly mice, have played a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of TBD pathogenesis. Notably, BALB/c mice have been employed as models due to their heightened susceptibility to TBEV. However, the use of C3H mice, valued for other tick-borne pathogens, has remained unexplored for TBEV until now. This study aimed to assess the susceptibility of C3H mice to TBEV infection, laying the groundwork for future co-infection models involving TBEV and Borrelia. Experiments revealed that C3H mice are susceptible to TBEV infection through subcutaneous inoculation. While 102 PFU/mouse appeared necessary for full infection, 103 PFU/mouse induced consistent symptoms. However, subsequent assessment of ticks' acquisition of TBEV from infected mice met with limited success, raising questions about optimal infectious doses for natural infection. These findings suggest the potential of C3H mice for studying TBEV and co-infections with other pathogens, particularly Borrelia. Further exploration of the interplay between these pathogens, their transmission dynamics, and disease severity could enhance prevention and control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sara Moutailler
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (S.P.); (A.H.); (A.-C.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Pierre Lucien Deshuillers
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (S.P.); (A.H.); (A.-C.L.); (C.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Riccò M, Corrado S, Marchesi F, Bottazzoli M. Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Vaccination among Tourists in a High-Prevalence Area (Italy, 2023): A Cross-Sectional Study. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:491. [PMID: 37999610 PMCID: PMC10674593 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8110491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) represents a potential health threat for tourists in high-risk areas, including the Dolomite Mountains in northeastern Italy. The present questionnaire-based survey was, therefore, designed in order to assess knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices (KAP) in a convenience sample of Italian tourists visiting the Dolomite Mountains, who were recruited through online discussion groups. A total of 942 participants (39.2% males, with 60.2% aged under 50) filled in the anonymous survey from 28 March 2023 to 20 June 2023. Overall, 24.1% of participants were vaccinated against TBE; 13.8% claimed to have previously had tick bites, but no cases of TBE were reported. The general understanding of TBE was relatively low; while 79.9% of participants acknowledged TBE as a potentially severe disease, its occurrence was acknowledged as high/rather high or very high in the Dolomites area by only 51.6% of respondents. Factors associated with the TBE vaccine were assessed by the calculation of adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals through a logistic regression analysis model. Living in areas considered at high risk for TBE (aOR 3.010, 95%CI 2.062-4.394), better knowledge on tick-borne disorders (aOR 1.515, 95%CI 1.071-2.142), high risk perception regarding tick-borne infections (aOR 2.566, 95%CI 1.806-3.646), a favorable attitude toward vaccinations (aOR 3.824, 95%CI 1.774-8.224), and a tick bite(s) in a previous season (aOR 5.479, 95%CI 3.582-8.382) were characterized as being positively associated with TBE vaccination uptake. Conversely, being <50 years old (aOR 0.646, 95%CI, 0.458-0.913) and with a higher risk perception regarding the TBE vaccine (aOR 0.541, 95%CI 0.379-0.772) were identified as the main barriers to vaccination. In summary, tourists to the high-risk area of the Dolomites largely underestimate the potential occurrence of TBE. Even though the uptake of the TBE vaccine in this research was in line with European data, public health communication on TBE is required in order to improve acceptance of this effective preventive option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Riccò
- Occupational Health and Safety Service on the Workplace/Servizio di Prevenzione e Sicurezza Ambienti di Lavoro (SPSAL), Department of Public Health, AUSL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Silvia Corrado
- ASST Rhodense, Dipartimento della donna e Area Materno-Infantile, UOC Pediatria, 20024 Garbagnate Milanese, Italy;
| | - Federico Marchesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Marco Bottazzoli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, APSS Trento, 31223 Trento, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Roßbacher L, Malafa S, Huber K, Thaler M, Aberle SW, Aberle JH, Heinz FX, Stiasny K. Effect of previous heterologous flavivirus vaccinations on human antibody responses in tick-borne encephalitis and dengue virus infections. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29245. [PMID: 38009693 PMCID: PMC10952712 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne flaviviruses include a number of medically relevant human pathogens such as the mosquito-borne dengue (DEN), Zika, and yellow fever (YF) viruses as well as tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). All flaviviruses are antigenically related and anamnestic responses due to prior immunity can modulate antibody specificities in subsequent infections or vaccinations. In our study, we analyzed the induction of broadly flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies in tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and DEN patients without or with prior flavivirus exposure through TBE and/or YF vaccination, and determined the contribution of these antibodies to TBE and dengue virus (DENV) neutralization. In addition, we investigated the formation of cross-reactive antibodies in TBE-vaccination breakthroughs (VBTs). A TBEV infection without prior YF or TBE vaccination induced predominantly type-specific antibodies. In contrast, high levels of broadly cross-reactive antibodies were found in samples from TBE patients prevaccinated against YF as well as in DEN patients prevaccinated against TBE and/or YF. While these cross-reactive antibodies did not neutralize TBEV, they were effective in neutralizing DENV. This discrepancy points to structural differences between the two viruses and indicates that broadly cross-reactive epitopes are less accessible in TBEV than in DENV. In TBE VBT infections, type-specific antibodies dominated the antibody response, thus revealing no difference from that of unvaccinated TBE patients. Our results emphasize significant differences in the structural properties of different flaviviruses that have an impact on the induction of broadly cross-reactive antibodies and their functional activities in virus neutralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Roßbacher
- Center for VirologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Stefan Malafa
- Center for VirologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Kristina Huber
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical MedicineUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Melissa Thaler
- Center for VirologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Present address:
Department of Medical MicrobiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Franz X. Heinz
- Center for VirologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Karin Stiasny
- Center for VirologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Svoboda P, Haviernik J, Bednar P, Matkovic M, Cervantes Rincón T, Keeffe J, Palus M, Salat J, Agudelo M, Nussenzweig MC, Cavalli A, Robbiani DF, Ruzek D. A combination of two resistance mechanisms is critical for tick-borne encephalitis virus escape from a broadly neutralizing human antibody. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113149. [PMID: 37715951 PMCID: PMC10591882 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a flavivirus that causes human neuroinfections and represents a growing health problem. The human monoclonal antibody T025 targets envelope protein domain III (EDIII) of TBEV and related tick-borne flaviviruses, potently neutralizing TBEV in vitro and in preclinical models, representing a promising candidate for clinical development. We demonstrate that TBEV escape in the presence of T025 or T028 (another EDIII-targeting human monoclonal antibody) results in virus variants of reduced pathogenicity, characterized by distinct sets of amino acid changes in EDII and EDIII that are jointly needed to confer resistance. EDIII substitution K311N impairs formation of a salt bridge critical for T025-epitope interaction. EDII substitution E230K is not on the T025 epitope but likely induces quaternary rearrangements of the virus surface because of repulsion of positively charged residues on the adjacent EDI. A combination of T025 and T028 prevents virus escape and improves neutralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Svoboda
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Haviernik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bednar
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Matkovic
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Tomás Cervantes Rincón
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Palus
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Salat
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marianna Agudelo
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michel C Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Davide F Robbiani
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Ruzek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Camarão AAR, Gern OL, Stegmann F, Mulenge F, Costa B, Saremi B, Jung K, Lepenies B, Kalinke U, Steffen I. Secreted NS1 proteins of tick-borne encephalitis virus and West Nile virus block dendritic cell activation and effector functions. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0219223. [PMID: 37707204 PMCID: PMC10581055 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02192-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The flavivirus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is secreted from infected cells into the circulation and the serum levels correlate with disease severity. The effect of secreted NS1 (sNS1) on non-infected mammalian immune cells is largely unknown. Here, we expressed recombinant sNS1 proteins of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) and investigated their effects on dendritic cell (DC) effector functions. Murine bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) showed reduced surface expression of co-stimulatory molecules and decreased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines when treated with sNS1 of TBEV or WNV prior to poly(I:C) stimulation. Transcriptional profiles of BMDCs that were sNS1-exposed prior to poly(I:C) stimulation showed two gene clusters that were downregulated by TBEV or WNV sNS1 and that were associated with innate and adaptive immune responses. Functionally, both sNS1 proteins modulated the capacity for BMDCs to induce specific T-cell responses as indicated by reduced IFN-γ levels in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after BMDC co-cultivation. In human monocyte-derived DCs, poly(I:C)-induced upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokine responses were even more strongly impaired by TBEV sNS1 or WNV sNS1 pretreatment than in the murine system. Our findings indicate that exogenous flaviviral sNS1 proteins interfere with DC-mediated stimulation of T cells, which is crucial for the initiation of cell-mediated adaptive immune responses in human flavivirus infections. Collectively, our data determine soluble flaviviral NS1 as a virulence factor responsible for a dampened immune response to flavivirus infections. IMPORTANCE The effective initiation of protective host immune responses controls the outcome of infection, and dysfunctional T-cell responses have previously been associated with symptomatic human flavivirus infections. We demonstrate that secreted flavivirus NS1 proteins modulate innate immune responses of uninfected bystander cells. In particular, sNS1 markedly reduced the capacity of dendritic cells to stimulate T-cell responses upon activation. Hence, by modulating cellular host responses that are required for effective antigen presentation and initiation of adaptive immunity, sNS1 proteins may contribute to severe outcomes of flavivirus disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- António A. R. Camarão
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Olivia Luise Gern
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Stegmann
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Mulenge
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bibiana Costa
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Babak Saremi
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence—Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST, EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Imke Steffen
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Latanova AA, Tuchinskaya KK, Starodubova ES, Karpov VL. [Hepatitis C Virus Nonstructural Protein 3 Increases Secretion of Interleukin-lbeta in HEK293T Cells with a Reconstructed NLRP3 Inflammasome]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2023; 57:863-872. [PMID: 37752651 DOI: 10.31857/s0026898423050099, edn: rvpiuq] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The pathology of diseases arising from infections by viruses of Flaviviridae is largely determined by the development of systemic inflammation. The cytokines interleukin-1beta and interleukin-18 play a key role in triggering inflammation. Their secretion from cells, in its turn, is induced upon activation of inflammasomes. Activation of NLRP3 (NLR pyrin domain-containing family 3) inflammasomes was detected in cells infected with Flaviviridae. Some nonstructural proteins of these viruses have been shown to be able to activate or to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome, in particular, through interaction with its components. In this study, a functional NLRP3 inflammasome was reconstructed in human HEK293T cells and the effect of some nonstructural proteins of individual Flaviviridae viruses on it was studied. This model did not reveal any impact of nonstructural NS1 proteins of the West Nile virus, NS3 of hepatitis C virus, or NS5 of tick-borne encephalitis virus on the inflammasome components content. At the same time, in the presence of the NS1 of the West Nile virus and NS5 of the tick-borne encephalitis virus, the level of secretion of interleukin-1beta did not change, whereas in the presence of the NS3 protein of the hepatitis C virus, it increased by 1.5 times. Thus, NS3 can be considered as one of the factors of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory pathogenesis in chronic hepatitis C virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Latanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - K K Tuchinskaya
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products (Institute of Poliomyelitis) Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 108811 Russia
| | - E S Starodubova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - V L Karpov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chiffi G, Grandgirard D, Leib SL, Chrdle A, Růžek D. Tick-borne encephalitis: A comprehensive review of the epidemiology, virology, and clinical picture. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2470. [PMID: 37392370 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a flavivirus commonly found in at least 27 European and Asian countries. It is an emerging public health problem, with steadily increasing case numbers over recent decades. Tick-borne encephalitis virus affects between 10,000 and 15,000 patients annually. Infection occurs through the bite of an infected tick and, much less commonly, through infected milk consumption or aerosols. The TBEV genome comprises a positive-sense single-stranded RNA molecule of ∼11 kilobases. The open reading frame is > 10,000 bases long, flanked by untranslated regions (UTR), and encodes a polyprotein that is co- and post-transcriptionally processed into three structural and seven non-structural proteins. Tick-borne encephalitis virus infection results in encephalitis, often with a characteristic biphasic disease course. After a short incubation time, the viraemic phase is characterised by non-specific influenza-like symptoms. After an asymptomatic period of 2-7 days, more than half of patients show progression to a neurological phase, usually characterised by central and, rarely, peripheral nervous system symptoms. Mortality is low-around 1% of confirmed cases, depending on the viral subtype. After acute tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a minority of patients experience long-term neurological deficits. Additionally, 40%-50% of patients develop a post-encephalitic syndrome, which significantly impairs daily activities and quality of life. Although TBEV has been described for several decades, no specific treatment exists. Much remains unknown regarding the objective assessment of long-lasting sequelae. Additional research is needed to better understand, prevent, and treat TBE. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, virology, and clinical picture of TBE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Chiffi
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Denis Grandgirard
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephen L Leib
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aleš Chrdle
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniel Růžek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Emerging Viral Diseases, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lamsal A, Edgar KS, Jenkins A, Renssen H, Kjaer LJ, Alfsnes K, Bastakoti S, Dieseth M, Klitgaard K, Lindstedt HEH, Paulsen KM, Vikse R, Korslund L, Kjelland V, Stuen S, Kjellander P, Christensson M, Teräväinen M, Jensen LM, Regmi M, Giri D, Marsteen L, Bødker R, Soleng A, Andreassen ÅK. Prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in questing Ixodes ricinus nymphs in southern Scandinavia and the possible influence of meteorological factors. Zoonoses Public Health 2023; 70:473-484. [PMID: 37248739 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ixodes ricinus ticks are Scandinavia's main vector for tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), which infects many people annually. The aims of the present study were (i) to obtain information on the TBEV prevalence in host-seeking I. ricinus collected within the Øresund-Kattegat-Skagerrak (ØKS) region, which lies in southern Norway, southern Sweden and Denmark; (ii) to analyse whether there are potential spatial patterns in the TBEV prevalence; and (iii) to understand the relationship between TBEV prevalence and meteorological factors in southern Scandinavia. Tick nymphs were collected in 2016, in southern Scandinavia, and screened for TBEV, using pools of 10 nymphs, with RT real-time PCR, and positive samples were confirmed with pyrosequencing. Spatial autocorrelation and cluster analysis was performed with Global Moran's I and SatScan to test for spatial patterns and potential local clusters of the TBEV pool prevalence at each of the 50 sites. A climatic analysis was made to correlate parameters such as minimum, mean and maximum temperature, relative humidity and saturation deficit with TBEV pool prevalence. The climatic data were acquired from the nearest meteorological stations for 2015 and 2016. This study confirms the presence of TBEV in 12 out of 30 locations in Denmark, where six were from Jutland, three from Zealand and two from Bornholm and Falster counties. In total, five out of nine sites were positive from southern Sweden. TBEV prevalence of 0.7%, 0.5% and 0.5%, in nymphs, was found at three sites along the Oslofjord (two sites) and northern Skåne region (one site), indicating a potential concern for public health. We report an overall estimated TBEV prevalence of 0.1% in questing I. ricinus nymphs in southern Scandinavia with a region-specific prevalence of 0.1% in Denmark, 0.2% in southern Sweden and 0.1% in southeastern Norway. No evidence of a spatial pattern or local clusters was found in the study region. We found a strong correlation between TBEV prevalence in ticks and relative humidity in Sweden and Norway, which might suggest that humidity has a role in maintaining TBEV prevalence in ticks. TBEV is an emerging tick-borne pathogen in southern Scandinavia, and we recommend further studies to understand the TBEV transmission potential with changing climate in Scandinavia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaka Lamsal
- Department of Natural Science and Environmental Health, The University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
- Department of Virology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Skarsfjord Edgar
- Department of Pest Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
| | - Andrew Jenkins
- Department of Natural Science and Environmental Health, The University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
| | - Hans Renssen
- Department of Natural Science and Environmental Health, The University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
| | - Lene Jung Kjaer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kristian Alfsnes
- Department of Bacteriology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srijana Bastakoti
- Department of Virology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Malene Dieseth
- Department of Virology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirstine Klitgaard
- Department for Diagnostics and Scientific Advice, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Katrine M Paulsen
- Department of Virology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rose Vikse
- Department of Virology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Korslund
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Vivian Kjelland
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- Research Unit, Sørlandet Hospital Health Enterprise, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Snorre Stuen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Section of Small Ruminant Research, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Petter Kjellander
- Department of Ecology, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Christensson
- Department of Ecology, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - Malin Teräväinen
- Department of Ecology, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - Laura Mark Jensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Manoj Regmi
- Department of Data Science, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dhiraj Giri
- School of Arts, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | | | - René Bødker
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Arnulf Soleng
- Department of Pest Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åshild Kristine Andreassen
- Department of Natural Science and Environmental Health, The University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
- Department of Virology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pozzetto B, Grard G, Durand G, Paty MC, Gallian P, Lucas-Samuel S, Diéterlé S, Fromage M, Durand M, Lepelletier D, Chidiac C, Hoen B, Nicolas de Lamballerie X. Arboviral Risk Associated with Solid Organ and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Grafts: The Prophylactic Answers Proposed by the French High Council of Public Health in a National Context. Viruses 2023; 15:1783. [PMID: 37766192 PMCID: PMC10536626 DOI: 10.3390/v15091783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by arboviruses are on the increase worldwide. In addition to arthropod bites, most arboviruses can be transmitted via accessory routes. Products of human origin (labile blood products, solid organs, hematopoietic stem cells, tissues) present a risk of contamination for the recipient if the donation is made when the donor is viremic. Mainland France and its overseas territories are exposed to a complex array of imported and endemic arboviruses, which differ according to their respective location. This narrative review describes the risks of acquiring certain arboviral diseases from human products, mainly solid organs and hematopoietic stem cells, in the French context. The main risks considered in this study are infections by West Nile virus, dengue virus, and tick-borne encephalitis virus. The ancillary risks represented by Usutu virus infection, chikungunya, and Zika are also addressed more briefly. For each disease, the guidelines issued by the French High Council of Public Health, which is responsible for mitigating the risks associated with products of human origin and for supporting public health policy decisions, are briefly outlined. This review highlights the need for a "One Health" approach and to standardize recommendations at the international level in areas with the same viral epidemiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Pozzetto
- Haut Conseil de la Santé Publique, Ministère de la Santé et de la Prévention, 75007 Paris, France; (M.D.); (D.L.); (C.C.); (B.H.)
- GIMAP Team, CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Gilda Grard
- National Reference Center for Arboviruses, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), 13005 Marseille, France; (G.G.); (G.D.); (X.N.d.L.)
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Valérie-André, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Guillaume Durand
- National Reference Center for Arboviruses, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), 13005 Marseille, France; (G.G.); (G.D.); (X.N.d.L.)
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Valérie-André, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Marie-Claire Paty
- Santé Publique France, The French Public Health Agency, 94410 Saint-Maurice, France;
| | - Pierre Gallian
- Etablissement Français du Sang, 93218 Saint-Denis, France;
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), 13385 Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Muriel Fromage
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des Produits de Santé (ANSM), 93200 Saint-Denis, France;
| | - Marc Durand
- Haut Conseil de la Santé Publique, Ministère de la Santé et de la Prévention, 75007 Paris, France; (M.D.); (D.L.); (C.C.); (B.H.)
| | - Didier Lepelletier
- Haut Conseil de la Santé Publique, Ministère de la Santé et de la Prévention, 75007 Paris, France; (M.D.); (D.L.); (C.C.); (B.H.)
| | - Christian Chidiac
- Haut Conseil de la Santé Publique, Ministère de la Santé et de la Prévention, 75007 Paris, France; (M.D.); (D.L.); (C.C.); (B.H.)
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Hospital of Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Bruno Hoen
- Haut Conseil de la Santé Publique, Ministère de la Santé et de la Prévention, 75007 Paris, France; (M.D.); (D.L.); (C.C.); (B.H.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Xavier Nicolas de Lamballerie
- National Reference Center for Arboviruses, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), 13005 Marseille, France; (G.G.); (G.D.); (X.N.d.L.)
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Valérie-André, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), 13385 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Körsten C, Vasić A, AL-Hosary AA, Tews BA, Răileanu C, Silaghi C, Schäfer M. Excretion Dynamics of Arboviruses in Mosquitoes and the Potential Use in Vector Competence Studies and Arbovirus Surveillance. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:410. [PMID: 37624347 PMCID: PMC10459540 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8080410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing threat of arboviruses such as West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) requires the fast and efficient surveillance of these viruses. The examination of mosquitoes takes up an important part; however, these investigations are usually very time-consuming. An alternative sample type for arbovirus surveillance might be mosquito excreta. In order to determine the excretion dynamics under laboratory conditions, laboratory colonies of Aedes vexans and Culex pipiens biotype molestus were infected with WNV, USUV or tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). After infection, the excreta were sampled and investigated for viral RNA. Excretion of viral RNA together with infectious blood meal could be detected up to five days after infection. Further excretion seemed to correlate with a disseminated infection in mosquitoes, at least after USUV infection. In addition, it could be determined that the amount of viral RNA in the excretions correlated positively with the viral load in the mosquito bodies. Overall, this study shows that the usage of mosquito excreta as a sample type for surveillance enables the detection of endemic viruses (WNV, USUV) as well as non-mosquito-borne viruses (TBEV). In addition, examination of viral shedding during vector competence studies can provide insights into the course of infection without sacrificing animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christin Körsten
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (C.K.)
| | - Ana Vasić
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (C.K.)
- Scientific Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Amira A. AL-Hosary
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (C.K.)
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Birke A. Tews
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (C.K.)
| | - Cristian Răileanu
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (C.K.)
| | - Cornelia Silaghi
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (C.K.)
| | - Mandy Schäfer
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (C.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Septfons A, Rigaud E, Bénézet L, Velay A, Zilliox L, Baldinger L, Gonzalez G, Figoni J, de Valk H, Deffontaines G, Desenclos JC, Jaulhac B. Seroprevalence for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and tick-borne encephalitis virus antibodies and associated risk factors among forestry workers in northern France, 2019 to 2020. Euro Surveill 2023; 28:2200961. [PMID: 37561054 PMCID: PMC10416575 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.32.2200961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundLyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick-borne disease (TBD) in France. Forestry workers are at high risk of TBD because of frequent exposure to tick bites.AimWe aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) antibodies among forestry workers in northern France. We compared seroprevalence by geographical area and assessed factors associated with seropositivity.MethodsBetween 2019 and 2020, we conducted a randomised cross-sectional seroprevalence survey. Borrelia burgdorferi sl seropositivity was defined as positive ELISA and positive or equivocal result in western blot. Seropositivity for TBEV was defined as positive result from two ELISA tests, confirmed by serum neutralisation. We calculated weighted seroprevalence and adjusted prevalence ratios to determine association between potential risk factors and seropositivity.ResultsA total of 1,778 forestry workers participated. Seroprevalence for B. burgdorferi sl was 15.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 13.9-17.3), 3.5 times higher in the eastern regions than in the western and increased with seniority and with weekly time in a forest environment. Seroprevalence was 2.5 times higher in forestry workers reporting a tick bite during past years and reporting usually not removing ticks rapidly. Seroprevalence for TBEV was 0.14% (95% CI: 0.05-0.42).ConclusionWe assessed for the first time seroprevalence of B. burgdorferi sl and TBEV antibodies among forestry workers in northern France. These results will be used, together with data on LB and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) incidence and on exposure to tick-bites, to target prevention programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Septfons
- These authors contributed equally to the work and share first authorship
- Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Emma Rigaud
- These authors contributed equally to the work and share first authorship
- Caisse Centrale de la Mutualité Sociale Agricole, Bobigny, France
| | | | - Aurelie Velay
- Virology Laboratory, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurence Zilliox
- French National Reference Center for Borrelia, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lisa Baldinger
- French National Reference Center for Borrelia, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gaëlle Gonzalez
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Benoit Jaulhac
- Institut de Bactériologie, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- French National Reference Center for Borrelia, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sedenkova KN, Sazonov AS, Vasilenko DA, Andriasov KS, Eremenko MG, Grishin YK, Khvatov EV, Goryashchenko AS, Uvarova VI, Osolodkin DI, Ishmukhametov AA, Averina EB. 3-[ N,N-Bis(sulfonyl)amino]isoxazolines with Spiro-Annulated or 1,2-Annulated Cyclooctane Rings Inhibit Reproduction of Tick-Borne Encephalitis, Yellow Fever, and West Nile Viruses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10758. [PMID: 37445937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Spirocyclic compounds containing heterocyclic moieties represent promising 3D scaffolds for modern drug design. In the search for novel anti-flaviviral agents, we have obtained a series of 3-[N,N-bis(sulfonyl)amino]isoxazolines containing spiro-annulated cyclooctane rings and assessed their antiviral activity against tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV), yellow fever (YFV), and West Nile (WNV) viruses. The structural analogs of spirocyclic compounds with a single sulfonyl group or 1,2-annulated cyclooctane ring were also investigated. Almost all the studied 3-[N,N-bis(sulfonyl)amino]isoxazolines revealed antiviral activity against TBEV and WNV. The most active against TBEV was spiro-isoxazoline derivative containing p-nitrophenyl groups in the sulfonyl part (EC50 2.0 ± 0.5 μM), while the highest potency against WNV was found for the compounds with lipophilic substituents in sulfonyl moiety, naphtyl being the most favorable one (EC50 1.3 ± 0.5 μM). In summary, two novel scaffolds of anti-flaviviral agents based on N,N-bis(sulfonyl)amino]isoxazoline were proposed, and the compounds of this type demonstrated activity against TBEV and WNV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya N Sedenkova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Artem S Sazonov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Vasilenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Kristian S Andriasov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Marina G Eremenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yuri K Grishin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Khvatov
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia
| | | | - Victoria I Uvarova
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Osolodkin
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Aydar A Ishmukhametov
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena B Averina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pustijanac E, Buršić M, Talapko J, Škrlec I, Meštrović T, Lišnjić D. Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: A Comprehensive Review of Transmission, Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Prevention. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1634. [PMID: 37512806 PMCID: PMC10383662 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, can cause serious infection of the central nervous system in humans, resulting in potential neurological complications and fatal outcomes. TBEV is primarily transmitted to humans through infected tick bites, and the viral agent circulates between ticks and animals, such as deer and small mammals. The occurrence of the infection aligns with the seasonal activity of ticks. As no specific antiviral therapy exists for TBEV infection, treatment approaches primarily focus on symptomatic relief and support. Active immunization is highly effective, especially for individuals in endemic areas. The burden of TBEV infections is increasing, posing a growing health concern. Reported incidence rates rose from 0.4 to 0.9 cases per 100,000 people between 2015 and 2020. The Baltic and Central European countries have the highest incidence, but TBE is endemic across a wide geographic area. Various factors, including social and environmental aspects, improved medical awareness, and advanced diagnostics, have contributed to the observed increase. Diagnosing TBEV infection can be challenging due to the non-specific nature of the initial symptoms and potential co-infections. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management, prevention of complications, and effective control measures. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the molecular structure of TBEV, its transmission and circulation in natural environments, the pathogenesis of TBEV infection, the epidemiology and global distribution of the virus, associated risk factors, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic approaches. By improving understanding of these aspects, we aim to enhance knowledge and promote strategies for timely and accurate diagnosis, appropriate management, and the implementation of effective control measures against TBEV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emina Pustijanac
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, 52100 Pula, Croatia
| | - Moira Buršić
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, 52100 Pula, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Talapko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Škrlec
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Meštrović
- University Centre Varaždin, University North, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation and the Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dubravka Lišnjić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tang WD, Tang HL, Peng HR, Ren RW, Zhao P, Zhao LJ. Inhibition of tick-borne encephalitis virus in cell cultures by ribavirin. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1182798. [PMID: 37378295 PMCID: PMC10291047 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1182798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) belonging to arboviruses is a major member of zoonotic pathogens. TBEV infection causes severe human encephalitis without specific antiviral drugs. Due to its use of antiviral drug against a wide range of viruses, we investigated antiviral effect of ribavirin against TBEV in susceptible human cell lines A549 and SH-SY5Y. Ribavirin displayed minor cytotoxicity on multiple cell lines. Ribavirin obviously impaired TBEV replication and protected the infected cells from cytopathic effect. Importantly, ribavirin markedly inhibited TBEV propagation, as evidenced by impairment of TBEV production and viral RNA replication. Treatment with ribavirin (co-treatment and post-treatment) led to a dose-dependent reduction in TBEV titers as well as the viral RNA levels. Antiviral protein myxovirus resistance A mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 was activated in TBEV-infected A549 cells upon the ribavirin treatment. Induction of inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha by TBEV was decreased in A549 cells with the treatment of ribavirin, whereas interleukin 1 beta release appeared to be unaffected. These results suggest that ribavirin might represent a promising safe and effective antiviral drug against TBEV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Da Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Lin Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Ran Peng
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Wen Ren
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan-Juan Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bestehorn-Willmann M, Girl P, Greiner F, Mackenstedt U, Dobler G, Lang D. Increased Vaccination Diversity Leads to Higher and Less-Variable Neutralization of TBE Viruses of the European Subtype. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1044. [PMID: 37376433 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an infectious disease of the central nervous system. The causative agent is the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), which is most commonly transmitted by tick bites, but which may also be transmitted through the consumption of raw dairy products or, in rare instances, via infected transfusions, transplants, or the slaughter of infected animals. The only effective preventive option is active immunization. Currently, two vaccines are available in Europe-Encepur® and FSME-IMMUN®. In Central, Eastern, and Northern Europe, isolated TBEV genotypes belong mainly to the European subtype (TBEV-EU). In this study, we investigated the ability of these two vaccines to induce neutralizing antibodies against a panel of diverse natural TBEV-EU isolates from TBE-endemic areas in southern Germany and in regions of neighboring countries. Sera of 33 donors vaccinated with either FSME-IMMUN®, Encepur®, or a mixture of both were tested against 16 TBEV-EU strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the TBEV-EU genomes revealed substantial genetic diversity and ancestry of the identified 13 genotypic clades. Although all sera were able to neutralize the TBEV-EU strains, there were significant differences among the various vaccination groups. The neutralization assays revealed that the vaccination using the two different vaccine brands significantly increased neutralization titers, decreased intra-serum variance, and reduced the inter-virus variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malena Bestehorn-Willmann
- Institute for Zoology, Parasitology Unit, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Girl
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Greiner
- Institute for Zoology, Parasitology Unit, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ute Mackenstedt
- Institute for Zoology, Parasitology Unit, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gerhard Dobler
- Institute for Zoology, Parasitology Unit, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Lang
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Matveev A, Khlusevich Y, Kozlova I, Matveev L, Emelyanova L, Tikunov A, Baykov I, Tikunova N. New Neutralizing Epitope Exposed on the Domain II of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Envelope Glycoprotein E. Viruses 2023; 15:1256. [PMID: 37376556 DOI: 10.3390/v15061256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthoflavivirus encephalitidis, formerly tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), belongs to the Orthoflavivirus genus. TBEV is transmitted by tick bites and infection with TBEV can lead to serious disorders of the central nervous system. In this study, a new protective monoclonal mouse antibody (mAb) FVN-32, with high binding activity to glycoprotein E of TBEV, was selected and examined in post exposure prophylaxis in a mouse model of TBEV infection. BALB/c mice were injected mAb FVN-32 at doses of 200 μg, 50 μg, and 12.5 μg per mouse one day after a TBEV challenge. mAb FVN-32 showed 37.5% protective efficacy when administered at doses of 200 μg and 50 μg per mouse. The epitope for protective mAb FVN-32 was localized in TBEV glycoprotein E domain I+II, using a set of truncated fragments of glycoprotein E. Additionally, the target site recognized by mAb FVN-32 was defined using combinatorial libraries of peptides. Three-dimensional modeling revealed that the site is dspatially close to the fusion loop, but does not come into contact with it, and is localized in a region between 247 and 254 amino acid residues on the envelope protein. This region is conserved among TBEV-like orthoflaviviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Matveev
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yana Khlusevich
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina Kozlova
- Federal State Public Scientific Institution "Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems", Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Leonid Matveev
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Emelyanova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Artem Tikunov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ivan Baykov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nina Tikunova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sedenkova KN, Uvarova VI, Nazarova AA, Peisikova AV, Khvatov EV, Sukhorukov MV, Frolenko VS, Goryashchenko AS, Kholodilov IS, Grishin YK, Rybakov VB, Makenov MT, Morozkin ES, Karan LS, Kozlovskaya LI, Ishmukhametov AA, Osolodkin DI, Averina EB. Tetrahydroquinazoline N-oxide derivatives inhibit reproduction of tick-borne and mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023:e2300027. [PMID: 37138375 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and West Nile virus (WNV) are flaviviruses causing emerging arthropod-borne infections of a great public health concern. Clinically approved drugs are not available to complement or replace the existing vaccines, which do not provide sufficient coverage. Thus, the discovery and characterization of new antiflaviviral chemotypes would advance studies in this field. In this study, a series of tetrahydroquinazoline N-oxides was synthesized, and the antiviral activity of the compounds was assessed against TBEV, YFV, and WNV using the plaque reduction assay along with the cytotoxicity to the corresponding cell lines (porcine embryo kidney and Vero). Most of the studied compounds were active against TBEV (EC50 2 to 33 μM) and WNV (EC50 0.15 to 34 μM) and a few also demonstrated inhibitory activity against YFV (EC50 0.18 to 41 μM). To investigate the potential mechanism of action of the synthesized compounds, time-of-addition (TOA) experiments and virus yield reduction assays were performed for TBEV. The TOA studies suggested that the antiviral activity of the compounds should affect the early stages of the viral replication cycle after cell entry. Compounds with tetrahydroquinazoline N-oxide scaffold show a broad spectrum of activity against flaviviruses and represent a promising chemotype for antiviral drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria I Uvarova
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Nazarova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Evgeny V Khvatov
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia
| | - Maksim V Sukhorukov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasilisa S Frolenko
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ivan S Kholodilov
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri K Grishin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor B Rybakov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marat T Makenov
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Epidemiology, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny S Morozkin
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Epidemiology, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyudmila S Karan
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Epidemiology, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liubov I Kozlovskaya
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aydar A Ishmukhametov
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Osolodkin
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena B Averina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gothe LMR, Ganzenberg S, Ziegler U, Obiegala A, Lohmann KL, Sieg M, Vahlenkamp TW, Groschup MH, Hörügel U, Pfeffer M. Horses as Sentinels for the Circulation of Flaviviruses in Eastern-Central Germany. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051108. [PMID: 37243194 DOI: 10.3390/v15051108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2018, autochthonous West Nile virus (WNV) infections have been regularly reported in eastern-central Germany. While clinically apparent infections in humans and horses are not frequent, seroprevalence studies in horses may allow the tracing of WNV and related flaviviruses transmission, such as tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and Usutu virus (USUV), and consequently help to estimate the risk of human infections. Hence, the aim of our study was to follow the seropositive ratio against these three viruses in horses in Saxony, Saxony Anhalt, and Brandenburg and to describe their geographic distribution for the year 2021. In early 2022, i.e., before the virus transmission season, sera from 1232 unvaccinated horses were tested using a competitive pan-flavivirus ELISA (cELISA). In order to estimate the true seropositive ratio of infection with WNV, TBEV, and USUV for 2021, positive and equivocal results were confirmed by a virus neutralization test (VNT). In addition, possible risk factors for seropositivity using questionnaires were analyzed using logistic regression based on questionnaires similar to our previous study from 2020. In total, 125 horse sera reacted positive in the cELISA. Based on the VNT, 40 sera showed neutralizing antibodies against WNV, 69 against TBEV, and 5 against USUV. Three sera showed antibodies against more than one virus, and eight were negative based on the VNT. The overall seropositive ratio was 3.3% (95% CI: 2.38-4.40) for WNV, 5.6% (95% CI: 4.44-7.04) for TBEV, and 0.4% (95% CI: 0.14-0.98) for USUV infections. While age and number of horses on the holding were factors predicting TBEV seropositivity, no risk factors were discovered for WNV seropositivity. We conclude that horses are useful sentinels to determine the flavivirus circulation in eastern-central Germany, as long as they are not vaccinated against WNV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard M R Gothe
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ganzenberg
- Department for Horses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ute Ziegler
- Friedrich-Loeffler Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anna Obiegala
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katharina L Lohmann
- Department for Horses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Sieg
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas W Vahlenkamp
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Friedrich-Loeffler Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Uwe Hörügel
- Animal Diseases Fund Saxony, Horse Health Service, 01099 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Pfeffer
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wójcik-Fatla A, Krzowska-Firych J, Czajka K, Nozdryn-Płotnicka J, Sroka J. The Consumption of Raw Goat Milk Resulted in TBE in Patients in Poland, 2022 "Case Report". Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050653. [PMID: 37242323 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The alimentary route is the second most important route of tick-borne encephalitis infection. In Poland, the last TBE case due to the consumption of unpasteurized milk or dairy products of infected animals was recorded in 2017 as the fourth documented outbreak of TBEV infection in the country. In this study, two patients infected with TBEV through consumption of unpasteurized goat's milk from one source are described from a cluster of eight cases. In August and September 2022, a 63- and 67-year-old woman were hospitalized at the Infectious Diseases Clinic of the Institute of Rural Health (Lublin, Poland). The patients denied been recently bitten by a tick, and neither had been vaccinated against TBEV. The disease had a biphasic course. In the first case, the patient suffered from a fever, spine pain, and muscle weakness and paresis of the lower left limb. The second patient suffered from fever, vertigo, headaches, abdominal pain, and diarrhoea. The results of IgM and IgG antibodies were positive in both cases. After three weeks hospitalization, the patients were discharged in good condition. In one case, slight hearing impairment was observed. Vaccination and avoiding the consumption of unpasteurized milk remain the most effective ways to prevent tick-borne encephalitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Wójcik-Fatla
- Department of Health Biohazards and Parasitology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Krzowska-Firych
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Czajka
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Sroka
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Carlströmer Berthén N, Tompa E, Olausson S, Nyberg C, Nyman D, Ringbom M, Perander L, Svärd J, Lindgren PE, Forsberg P, Wilhelmsson P, Sjöwall J, Nordberg M. The AxBioTick Study: Borrelia Species and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Ticks, and Clinical Responses in Tick-Bitten Individuals on the Aland Islands, Finland. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1100. [PMID: 37317075 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The AxBioTick study was initiated to investigate the prevalence of ticks and tick-borne pathogens and their impact on antibody and clinical responses in tick-bitten individuals on the Aland Islands. This geographical area is hyperendemic for both Lyme borreliosis (LB) and Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). Blood samples and ticks were collected from 100 tick-bitten volunteers. A total of 425 ticks was collected, all determined to Ixodes ricinus using molecular tools. Of them 20% contained Borrelia species, of which B. garinii and B. afzelii were most common. None contained the TBE virus (TBEV). Blood samples were drawn in conjunction with the tick bite, and eight weeks later. Sera were analyzed for Borrelia- and TBEV-specific antibodies using an ELISA and a semiquantitative antibody assay. In total 14% seroconverted in Borrelia C6IgG1, 3% in TBEV IgG, and 2% in TBEV IgM. Five participants developed clinical manifestations of LB. The high seroprevalence of both Borrelia (57%) and TBEV (52%) antibodies are likely attributed to the endemic status of the corresponding infections as well as the TBE vaccination program. Despite the similar prevalence of Borrelia spp. detected in ticks in other parts of Europe, the infection rate in this population is high. The AxBioTick study is continuing to investigate more participants and ticks for co-infections, and to characterize the dermal immune response following a tick bite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nellie Carlströmer Berthén
- Borrelia Research Group of the Aland Islands, 22100 Mariehamn, The Aland Islands, Finland
- Bimelix AB, 22100 Mariehamn, The Aland Islands, Finland
| | - Eszter Tompa
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Linkoping University, 581 83 Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Susanne Olausson
- Borrelia Research Group of the Aland Islands, 22100 Mariehamn, The Aland Islands, Finland
- Bimelix AB, 22100 Mariehamn, The Aland Islands, Finland
| | - Clara Nyberg
- Borrelia Research Group of the Aland Islands, 22100 Mariehamn, The Aland Islands, Finland
| | - Dag Nyman
- Borrelia Research Group of the Aland Islands, 22100 Mariehamn, The Aland Islands, Finland
- Bimelix AB, 22100 Mariehamn, The Aland Islands, Finland
| | - Malin Ringbom
- Borrelia Research Group of the Aland Islands, 22100 Mariehamn, The Aland Islands, Finland
- The Aland Islands Healthcare Services, 22100 Mariehamn, The Aland Islands, Finland
| | - Linda Perander
- Borrelia Research Group of the Aland Islands, 22100 Mariehamn, The Aland Islands, Finland
- The Aland Islands Healthcare Services, 22100 Mariehamn, The Aland Islands, Finland
| | - Joel Svärd
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Linkoping University, 581 83 Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Per-Eric Lindgren
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Linkoping University, 581 83 Linkoping, Sweden
- Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory Medicine, County Hospital Ryhov, 551 85 Jonkoping, Sweden
| | - Pia Forsberg
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Linkoping University, 581 83 Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Peter Wilhelmsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Linkoping University, 581 83 Linkoping, Sweden
- Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory Medicine, County Hospital Ryhov, 551 85 Jonkoping, Sweden
| | - Johanna Sjöwall
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Linkoping University, 581 83 Linkoping, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vrinnevi Hospital, 603 79 Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Marika Nordberg
- Borrelia Research Group of the Aland Islands, 22100 Mariehamn, The Aland Islands, Finland
- The Aland Islands Healthcare Services, 22100 Mariehamn, The Aland Islands, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Stone ET, Pinto AK. T Cells in Tick-Borne Flavivirus Encephalitis: A Review of Current Paradigms in Protection and Disease Pathology. Viruses 2023; 15:958. [PMID: 37112938 PMCID: PMC10146733 DOI: 10.3390/v15040958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The family Flaviviridae is comprised of a diverse group of arthropod-borne viruses that are the etiological agents of globally relevant diseases in humans. Among these, infection with several of these flaviviruses-including West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), and Powassan virus (POWV)-can result in neuroinvasive disease presenting as meningitis or encephalitis. Factors contributing to the development and resolution of tick-borne flavivirus (TBEV, POWV) infection and neuropathology remain unclear, though many recently undertaken studies have described the virus-host interactions underlying encephalitic disease. With access to neural tissues despite the selectively permeable blood-brain barrier, T cells have emerged as one notable contributor to neuroinflammation. The goal of this review is to summarize the recent advances in tick-borne flavivirus immunology-particularly with respect to T cells-as it pertains to the development of encephalitis. We found that although T cell responses are rarely evaluated in a clinical setting, they are integral in conjunction with antibody responses to restricting the entry of TBFV into the CNS. The extent and means by which they can drive immune pathology, however, merits further study. Understanding the role of the T cell compartment in tick-borne flavivirus encephalitis is instrumental for improving vaccine safety and efficacy, and has implications for treatments and interventions for human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amelia K. Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ostapchuk YO, Dmitrovskiy AM, Pak EA, Perfilyeva YV. A Case of Combined Infection with Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Lyme Borreliosis with Severe Meningoencephalitis and Complete Recovery. J Glob Infect Dis 2023; 15:81-83. [PMID: 37469466 PMCID: PMC10353647 DOI: 10.4103/jgid.jgid_76_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a case of severe meningoencephalitis caused by combined infection with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme borreliosis (LB) in a 25-year-old woman in a rural area of Zhambyl region, Kazakhstan. She presented with fever, nausea, vomiting, weakness, sweating, severe headache, arthralgia, and malaise. The course of illness was further complicated by encephalitis with symmetric lesions of the midbrain cerebral peduncles and serous meningitis. TBE and LB co-infection were established by a two-fold increase in serum IgG titers between day 21 and day 25 of illness. Both infections responded well to combined therapy with human TBE immunoglobulins, antibiotics, antiviral drugs, glucocorticoids, and diuretics. The outcome of the disease was favorable and the patient recovered completely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yekaterina O. Ostapchuk
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunobiotechnology, M.A. Aitkhozhin’s Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Andrey M. Dmitrovskiy
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- National Scientific Center for Especially Dangerous Infections, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Elena A. Pak
- Taraz City Multidisciplinary Hospital, Taraz, Kazakhstan
| | - Yuliya V. Perfilyeva
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunobiotechnology, M.A. Aitkhozhin’s Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Stiasny K, Medits I, Roßbacher L, Heinz FX. Impact of structural dynamics on biological functions of flaviviruses. FEBS J 2023; 290:1973-1985. [PMID: 35246954 PMCID: PMC10952610 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Flaviviruses comprise a number of mosquito- or tick-transmitted human pathogens of global public health importance. Advances in structural biology techniques have contributed substantially to our current understanding of the life cycle of these small enveloped RNA viruses and led to deep insights into details of virus assembly, maturation and cell entry. In addition to large-scale conformational changes and oligomeric rearrangements of envelope proteins during these processes, there is increasing evidence that smaller-scale protein dynamics (referred to as virus "breathing") can confer extra flexibility to these viruses for the fine-tuning of their interactions with the immune system and possibly with cellular factors they encounter in their complex ecological cycles in arthropod and vertebrate hosts. In this review, we discuss how work with tick-borne encephalitis virus has extended our view on flavivirus breathing, leading to the identification of a novel mechanism of antibody-mediated infection enhancement and demonstrating breathing intermediates of the envelope protein in the process of membrane fusion. These data are discussed in the context of other flaviviruses and the perspective of a potential role of virus breathing to cope with the requirements of adaptation and replication in evolutionarily very different hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Stiasny
- Center for VirologyMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Iris Medits
- Center for VirologyMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Velay A, Janssen-Langenstein R, Kremer S, Laugel E, Lutz M, Pierson AL, Wendling MJ, Schneider F, Fafi-Kremer S. Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Pregnant Woman and Long-Term Sequelae. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:669-671. [PMID: 36823716 PMCID: PMC9973690 DOI: 10.3201/eid2903.221328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of severe tick-borne encephalitis in a pregnant woman, leading to a prolonged stay in the intensive care unit. She showed minor clinical improvement >6 months after her presumed infection. The patient was not vaccinated, although an effective vaccine is available and not contraindicated during pregnancy.
Collapse
|
35
|
Trozzi G, Adjadj NR, Vervaeke M, Matthijs S, Sohier C, De Regge N. Comparison of Serological Methods for Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus-Specific Antibody Detection in Wild Boar and Sheep: Impact of the Screening Approach on the Estimated Seroprevalence. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020459. [PMID: 36851673 PMCID: PMC9958861 DOI: 10.3390/v15020459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a flavivirus transmitted by ticks. Serological screenings in animals are performed to estimate the prevalence and distribution of TBEV. Most screenings consist of a primary screening by ELISA, followed by confirmation of positive samples by plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs). In this study, 406 wild boar sera were tested with 2 regularly used commercial ELISAs for flavivirus screening in animals (Immunozym FSME (TBEV) IgG All Species (Progen) and ID Screen West Nile Competition (Innovative Diagnostics)) and PRNTs for TBEV and USUTU virus. The results showed that the Immunozym and IDScreen ELISAs had low relative sensitivities of 23% and 20%, respectively, compared to the PRNT results. The relative specificities were 88% and 84% due to cross reactions with USUTU virus-specific antibodies. The minimal TBEV prevalence in our sample set was 8.6% when determined by PRNT. When the screening approach of ELISA testing followed by PRNT confirmation was applied, a TBEV seroprevalence of only 2.0% and 1.7% was found. The suboptimal performance of the ELISAs was confirmed by testing sera collected from experimentally TBEV-infected sheep. While the PRNT detected TBEV specific antibodies in 94% of samples collected between 7 and 18 days post-infection, the ELISAs classified only 50% and 31% of the samples as positive. Both routinely used ELISAs for TBEV antibody screening in animal sera were shown to have a low sensitivity, potentially leading to an underestimation of the true prevalence, and furthermore cross-react with other flavivirus antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Trozzi
- Unit of Exotic and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sciensano, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Nadjah Radia Adjadj
- Unit of Exotic and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sciensano, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Severine Matthijs
- Viral Reemerging, Enzootic and Bee Diseases, Sciensano, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Sohier
- Unit of Exotic and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sciensano, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick De Regge
- Unit of Exotic and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sciensano, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bondaryuk AN, Kulakova NV, Belykh OI, Bukin YS. Dates and Rates of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus-The Slowest Changing Tick-Borne Flavivirus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032921. [PMID: 36769238 PMCID: PMC9917962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the temporal signal and substitution rate of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) using 276 complete open reading frame (ORF) sequences with known collection dates. According to a permutation test, the TBEV Siberian subtype (TBEV-S) data set has no temporal structure and cannot be applied for substitution rate estimation without other TBEV subtypes. The substitution rate obtained suggests that the common clade of TBEV (TBEV-common), including all TBEV subtypes and louping-ill virus (LIV), is characterized by the lowest rate (1.87 × 10-5 substitutions per site per year (s/s/y) or 1 nucleotide substitution per ORF per 4.9 years; 95% highest posterior density (HPD) interval, 1.3-2.4 × 10-5 s/s/y) among all tick-borne flaviviruses previously assessed. Within TBEV-common, the TBEV European subtype (TBEV-E) has the lowest substitution rate (1.3 × 10-5 s/s/y or 1 nucleotide substitution per ORF per 7.5 years; 95% HPD, 1.0-1.8 × 10-5 s/s/y) as compared with TBEV Far-Eastern subtype (3.0 × 10-5 s/s/y or 1 nucleotide substitution per ORF per 3.2 years; 95% HPD, 1.6-4.5 × 10-5 s/s/y). TBEV-common representing the species tick-borne encephalitis virus diverged 9623 years ago (95% HPD interval, 6373-13,208 years). The TBEV Baikalian subtype is the youngest one (489 years; 95% HPD, 291-697 years) which differs significantly by age from TBEV-E (848 years; 95% HPD, 596-1112 years), LIV (2424 years; 95% HPD, 1572-3400 years), TBEV-FE (1936 years, 95% HPD, 1344-2598 years), and the joint clade of TBEV-S (2505 years, 95% HPD, 1700-3421 years) comprising Vasilchenko, Zausaev, and Baltic lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artem N. Bondaryuk
- Laboratory of Natural Focal Viral Infections, Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute of Siberia and the Far East, 664047 Irkutsk, Russia
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Nina V. Kulakova
- Department of Biodiversity and Biological Resources, Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Olga I. Belykh
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Yurij S. Bukin
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Belova OA, Polienko AE, Averianova AD, Karganova GG. Hybrids of Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus ticks effectively acquire and transmit tick-borne encephalitis virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1104484. [PMID: 36743302 PMCID: PMC9895388 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1104484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ixodes rici nus and Ixodes persulcatus ticks are the main vectors of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), which has three main subtypes connected with certain tick species: the European subtype, associated with I. ricinus, and the Siberian and Far-Eastern subtypes, associated with I. persulcatus. Distribution ranges of these species overlap and form large sympatric areas in the East European Plain and Baltic countries. It has previously been shown that crossing of I. ricinus and I. persulcatus is possible, with the appearance of sterile hybrids. Hybridization of ticks can affect not only the spread of ticks but also the properties of natural foci of arbovirus infections, in particular TBEV. In the present study, we analyzed the effectiveness of virus transmission from infected mice to larvae and nymphs and trans-stadial transmission (from larvae to nymph and adult) in I. ricinus, I. persulcatus, and hybrids. For this purpose, we bred a hybrid generation from the crossing of I. persulcatus females and I. ricinus males, and we used the Siberian and European subtypes of TBEV. We showed that after feeding on infected mice, virus prevalence in engorged ticks decreased over time, and after molting, the opposite was true. In hybrids we observed the highest acquisition effectiveness and RNA copy numbers during Siberian TBEV subtype transmission. The efficiency of trans-stadial transmission of both TBEV subtypes was similar in hybrids and parental species. After the second trans-stadial TBEV transmission, a significant increase in ticks' infection rates was observed only in specific subtype-tick combination. Our data demonstrate the possible features of TBEV circulation in the I. ricinus and I. persulcatus sympatry area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oxana A. Belova
- Laboratory of Biology of arboviruses, Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution "Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and- Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia,*Correspondence: Oxana A. Belova,
| | - Alexandra E. Polienko
- Laboratory of Biology of arboviruses, Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution "Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and- Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia D. Averianova
- Laboratory of Biology of arboviruses, Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution "Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and- Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina G. Karganova
- Laboratory of Biology of arboviruses, Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution "Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and- Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia,Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Carpio KL, Thompson JK, Widen SG, Smith JK, Juelich TL, Clements DE, Freiberg AN, Barrett ADT. Differences in Genetic Diversity of Mammalian Tick-Borne Flaviviruses. Viruses 2023; 15:281. [PMID: 36851495 PMCID: PMC9959157 DOI: 10.3390/v15020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic diversities of mammalian tick-borne flaviviruses are poorly understood. We used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to deep sequence different viruses and strains belonging to this group of flaviviruses, including Central European tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV-Eur), Far Eastern TBEV (TBEV-FE), Langat (LGTV), Powassan (POWV), Deer Tick (DTV), Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFDV), Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever (AHFV), and Omsk hemorrhagic fever (OHFV) viruses. DTV, AHFV, and KFDV had the lowest genetic diversity, while POWV strains LEIV-5530 and LB, OHFV, TBEV-Eur, and TBEV-FE had higher genetic diversities. These findings are compatible with the phylogenetic relationships between the viruses. For DTV and POWV, the amount of genetic diversity could be explained by the number of tick vector species and amplification hosts each virus can occupy, with low diversity DTV having a more limited vector and host pool, while POWV with higher genetic diversities has been isolated from different tick species and mammals. It is speculated that high genetic diversity may contribute to the survival of the virus as it encounters these different environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra L. Carpio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jill K. Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Steven G. Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Terry L. Juelich
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | | | - Alexander N. Freiberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alan D. T. Barrett
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kepková M. Tick-borne encephalitis in pregnancy. Ceska Gynekol 2023; 88:106-109. [PMID: 37130735 DOI: 10.48095/cccg2023106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A case report describing the case of a young and healthy pregnant patient who manifested tick-borne encephalitis in her peripartal period. This neuroinfection is rare in pregnant women. A more severe encephalomyelitic form of the disease, resulting in lasting consequences, occurred in the patient even though she had recently undergone a proper vaccination. In the course of 11-month observation, her newborn showed no symptoms of the disease nor psychomotor developmental disorders.
Collapse
|
40
|
Assalauova D, Vartanyants IA. The structure of tick-borne encephalitis virus determined at X-ray free-electron lasers. Simulations. J Synchrotron Radiat 2023; 30:24-34. [PMID: 36601923 PMCID: PMC9814066 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522011341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The study of virus structures by X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has attracted increased attention in recent decades. Such experiments are based on the collection of 2D diffraction patterns measured at the detector following the application of femtosecond X-ray pulses to biological samples. To prepare an experiment at the European XFEL, the diffraction data for the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was simulated with different parameters and the optimal values were identified. Following the necessary steps of a well established data-processing pipeline, the structure of TBEV was obtained. In the structure determination presented, a priori knowledge of the simulated virus orientations was used. The efficiency of the proposed pipeline was demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dameli Assalauova
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ivan A. Vartanyants
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Peňazziová K, Korytár Ľ, Cingeľová Maruščáková I, Schusterová P, Loziak A, Pivka S, Ondrejková A, Pistl J, Csank T. Serologic Investigation on Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus, Kemerovo Virus and Tribeč Virus Infections in Wild Birds. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122397. [PMID: 36557650 PMCID: PMC9784810 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports on serosurvey on the tick-borne encephalitis virus European subtype (TBEV; genus Flavivirus), and the tick-borne Kemerovo (KEMV) and Tribeč (TRBV) orbivirus (genus Orbivirus) infections in tick-infested and non-infested birds. No virus RNA was detected in the blood clots. Birds were infested mostly by Ixodes ricinus, but Haemaphysalis concinna and I. frontalis were observed too. TBEV, KEMV and TRBV neutralising antibodies (NAb) were detected in the screening microtitration neutralisation test (μVNT). Seropositive samples were further examined in simultaneous μVNT to distinguish TBEV infection from WNV and USUV. KEMV and TRBV infections were also further examined by μVNT against each other. The demonstrated results point to increased TBEV and TRBV seroprevalence in birds over the past several years. This is the first study on KEMV infection in the Slovak bird population, and seropositive juvenile birds suggest its occurrence in a new geographic area. The results indicate the significance of tick infestation rates, seropositivity and specific NAb titre. The reservoir role of birds for TBEV, KEMV and TRBV remains unclear. However, targeted monitoring of birds and vectors is an effective measure of surveillance of arbovirus introduction into new geographic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Peňazziová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ľuboš Korytár
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Cingeľová Maruščáková
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Petra Schusterová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Alexander Loziak
- Institute of Social Sciences of the Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences Slovak Academy of Sciences, Karpatská 5, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Soňa Pivka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Anna Ondrejková
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Pistl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Csank
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bogovič P, Kastrin A, Lotrič-Furlan S, Ogrinc K, Avšič Županc T, Korva M, Knap N, Resman Rus K, Strle K, Strle F. Comparison of laboratory and immune characteristics of the initial and second phase of tick-borne encephalitis. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1647-1656. [PMID: 35657098 PMCID: PMC9225760 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2086070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) usually has a biphasic course which begins with unspecific febrile illness, followed by central nervous system involvement. Because TBE is not yet suspected during the initial phase, knowledge of early TBE pathogenesis is incomplete. Herein we evaluated laboratory and immune findings in the initial and second (meningoencephalitic) phase of TBE in 88 well-defined adult patients. Comparison of nine laboratory blood parameters in both phases of TBE revealed that laboratory abnormalities, consisting of low leukocyte and platelet counts and increased liver enzymes levels, were predominately associated with the initial phase of TBE and resolved thereafter. Assessment of 29 immune mediators in serum during the initial phase, and in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during the second phase of TBE revealed highly distinct clustering patterns among the three groups. In the initial phase of TBE, the primary finding in serum was a rather heterogeneous immune response involving innate (CXCL11), B cell (CXCL13, BAFF), and T cell mediators (IL-27 and IL-4). During the second phase of TBE, growth factors associated with angiogenesis (GRO-α and VEGF-A) were the predominant characteristic in serum, whereas innate and Th1 mediators were the defining feature of immune responses in CSF. These findings imply that distinct immune processes play a role in the pathophysiology of different phases of TBE and in different compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bogovič
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Kastrin
- Institute for Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanka Lotrič-Furlan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Ogrinc
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tatjana Avšič Županc
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miša Korva
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Knap
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Resman Rus
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Strle
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Franc Strle
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kholodilov IS, Belova OA, Ivannikova AY, Gadzhikurbanov MN, Makenov MT, Yakovlev AS, Polienko AE, Dereventsova AV, Litov AG, Gmyl LV, Okhezin EV, Luchinina SV, Klimentov AS, Karganova GG. Distribution and Characterisation of Tick-Borne Flavi-, Flavi-like, and Phenuiviruses in the Chelyabinsk Region of Russia. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122699. [PMID: 36560703 PMCID: PMC9780909 DOI: 10.3390/v14122699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we presented data from a two-year study of flavi-, flavi-like, and phenuiviruses circulation in the population of ixodid ticks in the Chelyabinsk region. We isolated three tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) strains from I. persulcatus, which was not detected in the ticks of the genus Dermacentor. The virus prevalence ranged from 0.66% to 2.28%. The Yanggou tick virus (YGTV) is widespread in steppe and forest-steppe zones and is mainly associated with ticks of the genus Dermacentor. We isolated 26 strains from D. reticulatus, D. marginatus, and I. persulcatus ticks in the HAE/CTVM8 tick cell line. The virus prevalence ranged from 1.58% to 4.18% in D. reticulatus, ranged from 0.78% to 3.93% in D. marginatus, and was 0.66% in I. persulcatus. There was combined focus of TBEV and YGTV in the territory of the Chelyabinsk region. The Alongshan virus (ALSV) was found to be associated with I. persulcatus ticks and is spread in forest zone. We detected 12 amplicons and isolated 7 strains of ALSV in tick cells. The virus prevalence ranged from 1.13% to 6.00%. The phlebovirus Gomselga and unclassified phenuivirus Stavropol were associated with I. persulcatus and D. reticulatus ticks, respectively. Virus prevalence of the unclassified phenuivirus Stavropol in the Chelyabinsk region is lower than that in neighbouring regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S. Kholodilov
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana A. Belova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Y. Ivannikova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Magomed N. Gadzhikurbanov
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marat T. Makenov
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Epidemiology, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Yakovlev
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra E. Polienko
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena V. Dereventsova
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander G. Litov
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Larissa V. Gmyl
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor V. Okhezin
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexander S. Klimentov
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina G. Karganova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Esser HJ, Lim SM, de Vries A, Sprong H, Dekker DJ, Pascoe EL, Bakker JW, Suin V, Franz E, Martina BEE, Koenraadt CJM. Continued Circulation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Variants and Detection of Novel Transmission Foci, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:2416-2424. [PMID: 36288572 PMCID: PMC9707572 DOI: 10.3201/eid2812.220552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an emerging pathogen that was first detected in ticks and humans in the Netherlands in 2015 (ticks) and 2016 (humans). To learn more about its distribution and prevalence in the Netherlands, we conducted large-scale surveillance in ticks and rodents during August 2018-September 2020. We tested 320 wild rodents and >46,000 ticks from 48 locations considered to be at high risk for TBEV circulation. We found TBEV RNA in 3 rodents (0.9%) and 7 tick pools (minimum infection rate 0.02%) from 5 geographically distinct foci. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that 3 different variants of the TBEV-Eu subtype circulate in the Netherlands, suggesting multiple independent introductions. Combined with recent human cases outside known TBEV hotspots, our data demonstrate that the distribution of TBEV in the Netherlands is more widespread than previously thought.
Collapse
|
45
|
Kevély Á, Prančlová V, Sláviková M, Haviernik J, Hönig V, Nováková E, Palus M, Růžek D, Klempa B, Koči J. Fitness of mCherry Reporter Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Tick Experimental Models. Viruses 2022; 14. [PMID: 36560677 DOI: 10.3390/v14122673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) causes a most important viral life-threatening illness transmitted by ticks. The interactions between the virus and ticks are largely unexplored, indicating a lack of experimental tools and systematic studies. One such tool is recombinant reporter TBEV, offering antibody-free visualization to facilitate studies of transmission and interactions between a tick vector and a virus. In this paper, we utilized a recently developed recombinant TBEV expressing the reporter gene mCherry to study its fitness in various tick-derived in vitro cell cultures and live unfed nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks. The reporter virus was successfully replicated in tick cell lines and live ticks as confirmed by the plaque assay and the mCherry-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Although a strong mCherry signal determined by fluorescence microscopy was detected in several tick cell lines, the fluorescence of the reporter was not observed in the live ticks, corroborated also by immunoblotting. Our data indicate that the mCherry reporter TBEV might be an excellent tool for studying TBEV-tick interactions using a tick in vitro model. However, physiological attributes of a live tick, likely contributing to the inactivity of the reporter, warrant further development of reporter-tagged viruses to study TBEV in ticks in vivo.
Collapse
|
46
|
Garcia-Vozmediano A, Bellato A, Rossi L, Hoogerwerf MN, Sprong H, Tomassone L. Use of Wild Ungulates as Sentinels of TBEV Circulation in a Naïve Area of the Northwestern Alps, Italy. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12111888. [PMID: 36431023 PMCID: PMC9699112 DOI: 10.3390/life12111888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wild and domestic animals can be usefully employed as sentinels for the surveillance of diseases with an impact on public health. In the case of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), the detection of antibodies in animals can be more effective than screening ticks for detecting TBEV foci, due to the patchy distribution of the virus. In the Piedmont region, northwestern Italy, TBEV is considered absent, but an increase in tick densities, of Ixodes ricinus in particular, has been observed, and TBEV is spreading in bordering countries, e.g., Switzerland. Therefore, we collected sera from wild ungulates during the hunting season (October-December) from 2017 to 2019 in the Susa Valley, Italian western Alps, and screened them for TBEV antibodies by a commercial competitive ELISA test. We collected 267 serum samples by endocranial venous sinuses puncture from red deer, roe deer and northern chamois carcasses. The animals were hunted in 13 different municipalities, at altitudes ranging between 750 and 2800 m a.s.l. The serological survey for TBEV yielded negative results. Borderline results for five serum samples were further confirmed as negative for TBEV by a plaque reduction neutralisation test. To date, our results indicate that TBEV is not circulating in western Piedmont. However, monitoring of TBEV should continue since TBEV and its vector are spreading in Europe. The wide-range distribution of wild ungulates and their role as feeding hosts, make them useful indicators of the health threats posed by Ixodid ticks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Garcia-Vozmediano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, L.go Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.-V.); (L.T.)
| | - Alessandro Bellato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, L.go Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Luca Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, L.go Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Marieke N. Hoogerwerf
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3720 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hein Sprong
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3720 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Tomassone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, L.go Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.-V.); (L.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Asghar N, Melik W, Paulsen KM, Pedersen BN, Bø-Granquist EG, Vikse R, Stuen S, Andersson S, Strid Å, Andreassen ÅK, Johansson M. Transient Expression of Flavivirus Structural Proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1667. [PMID: 36298532 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are a threat to public health and can cause major disease outbreaks. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is caused by a flavivirus, and it is one of the most important causes of viral encephalitis in Europe and is on the rise in Sweden. As there is no antiviral treatment available, vaccination remains the best protective measure against TBE. Currently available TBE vaccines are based on formalin-inactivated virus produced in cell culture. These vaccines must be delivered by intramuscular injection, have a burdensome immunization schedule, and may exhibit vaccine failure in certain populations. This project aimed to develop an edible TBE vaccine to trigger a stronger immune response through oral delivery of viral antigens to mucosal surfaces. We demonstrated successful expression and post-translational processing of flavivirus structural proteins which then self-assembled to form virus-like particles in Nicotiana benthamiana. We performed oral toxicity tests in mice using various plant species as potential bioreactors and evaluated the immunogenicity of the resulting edible vaccine candidate. Mice immunized with the edible vaccine candidate did not survive challenge with TBE virus. Interestingly, immunization of female mice with a commercial TBE vaccine can protect their offspring against TBE virus infection.
Collapse
|
48
|
Mylonaki E, Seiberl M, Jones N, Bernhard H, Otto F, Pilz G, Trinka E, Wipfler P. Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus RNA Found in Frozen Goat's Milk in a Family Outbreak. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11632. [PMID: 36232930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is one of the commonest arthropod-borne viral diseases in Middle-East Europe and North Asia. The main reservoir of the virus is comprised of small rodents and domestic mammals with the common tick (Ixodes) being the usual vector. The clinical spectrum of TBE ranges from mild meningitis to severe meningoencephalomyelitis. This disease can lead to severe sequelae and has a mortality up to 2% in Europe. Even though the majority of cases are transmitted through bites of infected ticks, infections through ingestion of contaminated milk and dairy products from farms in endemic areas have been reported. We report a family outbreak of a febrile disease, initially suggestive of human-to-human infection, during the early summertime in Austria. Tick-borne encephalitis was diagnosed following consumption of unpasteurised goat’s milk and the virus was subsequently detected in frozen milk samples. Although this is a rare manifestation of TBE, this case series shows that TBE should be included in the differential diagnosis of an outbreak of febrile disease, and a careful clinical history with reference to unpasteurized dairy products is crucial in order to prevent further disease spread. The best preventive measure is active immunisation of people living in, or travelling to, endemic areas.
Collapse
|
49
|
Anindita PD, Halbeisen M, Řeha D, Tuma R, Franta Z. Mechanistic insight into the RNA stimulated-ATPase activity of tick-borne encephalitis virus helicase. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102383. [PMID: 35987382 PMCID: PMC9490040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The helicase domain of nonstructural protein 3 (NS3H) unwinds the double-stranded RNA replication intermediate in an ATP-dependent manner during the flavivirus life cycle. While the ATP hydrolysis mechanism of Dengue and Zika viruses NS3H has been extensively studied, little is known in the case of the tick-borne encephalitis virus NS3H. We demonstrate that ssRNA binds with nanomolar affinity to NS3H and strongly stimulates the ATP hydrolysis cycle, whereas ssDNA binds only weakly and inhibits ATPase activity in a noncompetitive manner. Thus, NS3H is an RNA-specific helicase, whereas DNA might act as an allosteric inhibitor. Using modeling, we explored plausible allosteric mechanisms by which ssDNA inhibits the ATPase via nonspecific binding in the vicinity of the active site and ATP repositioning. We captured several structural snapshots of key ATP hydrolysis stages using X-ray crystallography. One intermediate, in which the inorganic phosphate and ADP remained trapped inside the ATPase site after hydrolysis, suggests that inorganic phosphate release is the rate-limiting step. Using structure-guided modeling and molecular dynamics simulation, we identified putative RNA-binding residues and observed that the opening and closing of the ATP-binding site modulates RNA affinity. Site-directed mutagenesis of the conserved RNA-binding residues revealed that the allosteric activation of ATPase activity is primarily communicated via an arginine residue in domain 1. In summary, we characterized conformational changes associated with modulating RNA affinity and mapped allosteric communication between RNA-binding groove and ATPase site of tick-borne encephalitis virus helicase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Halbeisen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic
| | - David Řeha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Tuma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Franta
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wondim MA, Czupryna P, Pancewicz S, Kruszewska E, Groth M, Moniuszko-Malinowska A. Epidemiological Trends of Trans-Boundary Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Europe, 2000-2019. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060704. [PMID: 35745558 PMCID: PMC9228375 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis is a neuroinfection widely distributed in the Euro-Asia region. Primarily, the virus is transmitted by the bite of infected ticks. From 2000-2019, the total number of confirmed cases in Europe reported to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control was 51,519. The number of cases decreased in 2014 and 2015; however, since 2015, a growing number of cases have been observed, with the involvement of countries in which TBE has not been previously reported. The determinant factors for the spread of TBE are host population size, weather conditions, movement of hosts, and local regulations on the socioeconomic dynamics of the local and travelling people around the foci areas. The mean incidence rate of tick-borne encephalitis from 2000-2019 in Europe was 3.27, while the age-adjusted mean incidence rate was 2.19 per 100,000 population size. This review used several articles and data sources from the European Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control.
Collapse
|