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Wang R, Feng J, Zhang W, Wang Y, Lu H, Zeng W. An in vitro nevus explant model for studying the effects of ultraviolet radiation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2024. [PMID: 38733366 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been recognized as a potential trigger for the transformation of benign melanocytic nevi into melanoma. However, the mechanisms governing the formation and progression of melanocytic nevi remain poorly understood. This lack of understanding is partly due to the difficulty in isolating and culturing nevus tissues in vitro, resulting in a dearth of robust ex vivo models for nevi. Therefore, the establishment of a reliable melanocytic nevus model is imperative. Such a model is essential for elucidating nevus pathogenesis and facilitating the development of effective therapeutic interventions. Therefore, we have sought to establish an ex vivo nevus explant model to study UVR stimulation. And the structural integrity and tissue activity of the ex vivo nevi explant model was evaluated. We then observed melanogenesis and proliferation activity of the explants after UVR stimulation. There was less blister formation after Day 3 in nevi explants under our modified medium conditions. The nevi explant was able to maintain almost the same morphological structure and tissue activity as in vivo tissue within 24 h. Following UVR stimulation, we observed increased melanogenesis and proliferation activity in nevi explants. Nevi explants could serve as an ex vivo model for UVR-induced nevi stimulation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jianglong Feng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongguang Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Fukutoku Y, Kikuchi H, Hoshi K, Narita K, Asari T, Miyazawa K, Sawada Y, Hayamizu S, Tatsuta T, Oota S, Hasui K, Hiraga H, Chinda D, Mikami T, Subsomwong P, Asano K, Yamane K, Ogawa Y, Sasaki M, Koi T, Ohashi H, Nakane A, Sakuraba H. The new 222-nm far ultraviolet-C lowers bacterial contamination to endoscopists during esophagogastroduodenoscopy. DEN Open 2024; 4:e292. [PMID: 37711643 PMCID: PMC10497812 DOI: 10.1002/deo2.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to clarify the disinfectant efficacy of the 222-nm far ultraviolet-C (UV-C) during esophagogastroduodenoscopy using bacterial cultures. Methods The endoscopists performed esophagogastroduodenoscopy wearing a gown with a tryptic soy agar medium plate on their epigastric region and were divided into two groups: 222-nm far UV-C irradiation (UV group) and non-UV irradiation (non-UV group). As a control group, tryptic soy agar medium plates were placed about 110 cm above the floor. The incidence of bacterial contamination was determined by positive bacterial culture. The cultured bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Additionally, the actual UV exposure dose was measured using the UV-indicator card which changed colors upon exposure to 222 nm far UV-C. Results The bacterial culture positivity in the UV group (5.03%) was significantly lower than that in the non-UV group (25.76%), p < 0.0001. Most of the bacteria identified in the UV and non-UV groups were normal constituents of the oral flora, including Streptococcus salivarius and Staphylococci. Conversely, pathogenic microbes were found in the control group. The actual exposure doses of 222-nm far UV-C at the endoscopists' face, neck, and epigastric region were 2.09 ± 0.29, 5.89 ± 0.49, and 7.36 ± 0.58 mJ/cm2, respectively. Conclusions The 222-nm far UV-C irradiation reduced bacterial contamination for endoscopists. It can be used with conventional physical coverings to provide more effective infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Fukutoku
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Hidezumi Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
- Department of Community MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Kentaro Hoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Kouji Narita
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
- Institute for Animal ExperimentationHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Taka Asari
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Kuniaki Miyazawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Yohei Sawada
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Shiro Hayamizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Tetsuya Tatsuta
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Shinji Oota
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Keisuke Hasui
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Hiroto Hiraga
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Daisuke Chinda
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Department of Preemptive MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Phawinee Subsomwong
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Krisana Asano
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Kyosuke Yamane
- Healthy Life Support Department, Marketing Division, Business Creation Division, Corporate HeadquartersUshio Inc.TokyoJapan
| | - Yoshimasa Ogawa
- Healthy Life Support Department, Marketing Division, Business Creation Division, Corporate HeadquartersUshio Inc.TokyoJapan
| | - Masahiro Sasaki
- Healthy Life Support Department, Marketing Division, Business Creation Division, Corporate HeadquartersUshio Inc.TokyoJapan
| | - Toru Koi
- Healthy Life Support Department, Marketing Division, Business Creation Division, Corporate HeadquartersUshio Inc.TokyoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohashi
- Healthy Life Support Department, Marketing Division, Business Creation Division, Corporate HeadquartersUshio Inc.TokyoJapan
| | - Akio Nakane
- Department of Biopolymer and Health ScienceHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Hirotake Sakuraba
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
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Halmans Y, Wellenstein DJ, Romijn M, Cremers S, Smit JJ, Hopman J, Takes RP, van den Broek GB. Is ultraviolet light disinfection fit to be the future standard for the disinfection of flexible endoscopes without a working channel? Clin Otolaryngol 2024; 49:130-135. [PMID: 37882501 DOI: 10.1111/coa.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate colony-forming unit (CFU) reduction on contaminated flexible endoscopes (FEs) without a working channel after UV-C light disinfection, compared to the current disinfection method with the endoscope washer disinfector (EWD). DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS After pharyngolaryngoscopy, a manual pre-cleaning with tap water was performed. A culture was then collected by rolling the distal 8-10 cm of the FE over an Agar plate. The FE was disinfected using the D60 (60-s disinfection process with UV-C light) or the EWD (gold standard reprocessing process with water and chemicals). Another culture was then taken. After incubation, a CFU count was performed. RESULTS A total of 200 FEs without a working channel were divided equally between the two disinfection groups. After clinical use and manual pre-cleaning, 84 of the 100 (84.0%) (UV-C light group) and 79 of the 100 (79.0%) (EWD) FEs were contaminated with at least 1 CFU. FEs that showed no contamination after use were excluded from further analysis. After disinfection with UV-C light, 72 (85.7%) FEs showed no contamination (i.e., 0 CFUs) versus 66 (83.5%) FEs after reprocessing with the EWD. CONCLUSION There is no difference in CFUs reduction on contaminated FEs without a working channel between UV-C light disinfection and the current gold standard, the EWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Halmans
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University, Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David J Wellenstein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University, Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Romijn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University, Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan Cremers
- Department of Hygiene and Infection Prevention, Radboud University, Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jannie J Smit
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University, Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Hopman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University, Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert P Takes
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University, Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido B van den Broek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University, Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Henningsen A, Precht C, Karnatz N, Bibiza E, Yan M, Guo L, Gosau M, Smeets R. Osseointegration of titanium implants after surface treatment with ultraviolet light or cold atmospheric plasma in vivo. Int J Oral Implantol (Berl) 2023; 16:197-208. [PMID: 37767615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the histological effects of ultraviolet light and cold atmospheric plasma treatment on the osseointegration of titanium implants in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six juvenile pigs were divided into three groups of two animals each. A total of 54 titanium implants were placed randomly in the pigs' calvarial bone (nine implants per pig). Of these, 18 implants served as untreated controls. The remaining 36 implants served as the experimental group and were treated with either ultraviolet light or argon plasma for 12 minutes each prior to insertion. Two pigs in each group were kept until 2, 4 and 8 weeks and then sacrificed. Resonance frequency analysis was conducted after implant placement and at the time of sacrifice. Osseointegration was evaluated using microcomputed tomography scans and histomorphometrical analysis. RESULTS After initial loss, all implants showed a constant increase in implant stability quotient values over time without significant differences between the groups. The bone-implant contact values increased steadily for all implants over 8 weeks of healing. Surface-treated implants showed significantly higher bone-implant contact values compared to untreated implants at each time point. Bone area fraction occupancy values were almost always higher following both treatment methods; however, differences were only significant after 4 and 8 weeks for the cold atmospheric plasma group and after 4 weeks for the ultraviolet light group. CONCLUSIONS Ultraviolet light and cold atmospheric plasma may improve histomorphometrical osseointegration of titanium implants significantly.
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Tran T, Song S, Texeira AJ, Rechis R, Nelson KC. Educational interventions to promote sun-protection behaviors in adolescents in the United States: A systematic review. Pediatr Dermatol 2023. [PMID: 37160666 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent modifiable risk factor for skin cancer is cumulative lifetime exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, supporting the development of interventions promoting the early adoption of sun-protection behaviors. This systematic review summarizes behavioral interventions designed to promote sun-protection behaviors and reduce harmful UV exposure among U.S. adolescents. Ten studies describing 15 intervention arms were ultimately included in this review and comprised seven cross-sectional studies, a cohort study, a quasi-experimental study, and a randomized controlled trial. Most interventions included in this review were effective in increasing awareness of skin cancer and knowledge of the risk factors for skin cancer, but knowledge did not correlate with self-reported frequency of sun-protection behaviors in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Song
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston John P. and Kathrine G. McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Ruth Rechis
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kelly C Nelson
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Cárdenas-Robledo S, González-Caicedo P, Carvajal-Parra MS, Guío-Sánchez CM, López-Reyes L. No seasonality in the risk of multiple sclerosis in an equatorial country: A case-control ecological study. Mult Scler 2023; 29:343-351. [PMID: 36250508 DOI: 10.1177/13524585221130020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis risk has been shown to have seasonal variations that are more pronounced in higher latitudes. However, this phenomenon has not been adequately studied near the Equator. OBJECTIVE To explore the risk of multiple sclerosis associated with month, season of birth, and sunlight exposure variables in Colombia. METHODS In this case-control study, 668 multiple sclerosis cases were matched to 2672 controls by sex and age. Association of multiple sclerosis with each month/season of birth and sunlight exposure variables was estimated with multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression and ecological regression models, respectively. Seasonality in the births of multiple sclerosis was assessed with a non-parametric seasonality test. RESULTS We found a higher probability of multiple sclerosis in September (0.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.21-0.31) and lower in March (0.15; 95% CI = 0.10-0.18), which turned non-significant after a multiple comparisons test. Sunlight exposure variables had no significant effect on the risk of MS, and the tests of seasonality in the births of MS did not show significant results. CONCLUSION Our results show no seasonality in the risk of multiple sclerosis near the Equator, supporting the hypothesis that this phenomenon is latitude dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simón Cárdenas-Robledo
- Centro de Esclerosis Múltiple (CEMHUN), Deparatmento de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Unidad de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paula González-Caicedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia/Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Claudia Marcela Guío-Sánchez
- Centro de Esclerosis Múltiple (CEMHUN), Deparatmento de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lorena López-Reyes
- Centro de Esclerosis Múltiple (CEMHUN), Deparatmento de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Tsuchida K, Sakiyama N, Ogura Y, Kobayashi M. Skin lightness affects ultraviolet A-induced oxidative stress: Evaluation using ultraweak photon emission measurement. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:146-153. [PMID: 36256509 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The human skin is usually exposed to ultraviolet A (UVA) in the sunlight and experiences oxidative stress associated with skin disorders and aging. Although oxidative stress caused by UVA exposure is assumed to be dependent on skin colour, few studies have demonstrated this dependency. We investigated the effects of skin colour on UVA-induced oxidative stress using ultraweak photon emission (UPE) generated from the skin during oxidation processes. The UPE intensities of skin samples were detected using a photomultiplier tube every second without any labelling. We irradiated skin tissue of different colours with UVA and measured UPE over time. UVA-induced UPE could be detected from immediately after irradiation to 2 h after irradiation, indicating persistent oxidative stress. Skin lightness (L*) positively correlates with UPE intensity. Lighter-coloured skin exhibited more UVA-induced UPE, indicating higher oxidative stress. Additionally, oxidative stress persisted significantly more in lighter skin compared with darker skin. Skin tissues exhibited pigment darkening after UVA irradiation. Our results suggest that skin lightness affects oxidative stress induced by UV irradiation. Our study demonstrated the relationship between skin lightness and UVA-induced oxidative stress for the first time and offers new photodermatological insights into the human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuki Ogura
- Shiseido Co., Ltd., MIRAI Technology Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Graduate Department of Electronics, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, Japan
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Cordeiro MEC, Real LC, Simoni AGP. Xeroderma pigmentosum: case report. Rev Paul Pediatr 2023; 41:e2021390. [PMID: 36921168 PMCID: PMC10014019 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2023/41/2021390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the disease and treatment and to alert health professionals for the identification of signs and symptoms and the need for an early diagnosis in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). CASE DESCRIPTION An 8-year-old male patient was referred to the Joana de Gusmão Hospital (HIJG) in 2021 for evaluation and specialized care. Previously, the child was followed in his place of origin by oncologic and palliative care, where he was submitted to surgeries and chemotherapy. He was admitted to the HIJG using vismodegib, acitrein, tramadol, and solar protective measures. On physical examination, there were tumors and disseminated macular verrucous and ulcerated lesions. The imaging examination showed solid and expansive lesions on the face, and atelectasis and fibroscarring changes in the lung. The histopathological report proved the existence of melanocanthoma, carcinoma, and pyogenic granuloma. After the evaluation of the case, no surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy was performed. It was decided to maintain the palliative treatment and to continue the use of tramadol for pain, and vismodegib and acitretin were used to control carcinomas and prophylactic measures. COMMENTS The XP is a rare disease of autosomal recessive inheritance whose mechanism comes from failure in the DNA repair by exposure to ultraviolet rays, resulting in lesions on the skin and mucous membranes. They start as sunburns and can progress to melanosis, areas with altered pigmentation, premature aging, poikiloderma, and areas of high risk for neoplasms.
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Mahendra CK, Ser HL, Pusparajah P, Htar TT, Chuah LH, Yap WH, Tang YQ, Zengin G, Tang SY, Lee WL, Liew KB, Ming LC, Goh BH. Cosmeceutical Therapy: Engaging the Repercussions of UVR Photoaging on the Skin's Circadian Rhythm. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052884. [PMID: 35270025 PMCID: PMC8911461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunlight is an important factor in regulating the central circadian rhythm, including the modulation of our sleep/wake cycles. Sunlight had also been discovered to have a prominent influence on our skin’s circadian rhythm. Overexposure or prolonged exposure to the sun can cause skin photodamage, such as the formation of irregular pigmentation, collagen degradation, DNA damage, and even skin cancer. Hence, this review will be looking into the detrimental effects of sunlight on our skin, not only at the aspect of photoaging but also at its impact on the skin’s circadian rhythm. The growing market trend of natural-product-based cosmeceuticals as also caused us to question their potential to modulate the skin’s circadian rhythm. Questions about how the skin’s circadian rhythm could counteract photodamage and how best to maximize its biopotential will be discussed in this article. These discoveries regarding the skin’s circadian rhythm have opened up a completely new level of understanding of our skin’s molecular mechanism and may very well aid cosmeceutical companies, in the near future, to develop better products that not only suppress photoaging but remain effective and relevant throughout the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Keisha Mahendra
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (C.K.M.); (T.T.H.); (L.-H.C.)
| | - Hooi-Leng Ser
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; or
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Medical Health and Translational Research Group, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Thet Thet Htar
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (C.K.M.); (T.T.H.); (L.-H.C.)
| | - Lay-Hong Chuah
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (C.K.M.); (T.T.H.); (L.-H.C.)
| | - Wei Hsum Yap
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (W.H.Y.); (Y.-Q.T.)
- Centre of Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Yin-Quan Tang
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (W.H.Y.); (Y.-Q.T.)
- Centre of Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey;
| | - Siah Ying Tang
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
- Advanced Engineering Platform, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Wai Leng Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Kai Bin Liew
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya 63000, Malaysia;
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
- Correspondence: (L.C.M.); (B.H.G.)
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (C.K.M.); (T.T.H.); (L.-H.C.)
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Health and Well-Being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (L.C.M.); (B.H.G.)
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Wang Z, Lu F, Li X, Guo Y, Li J, He L. Chinese women with melasma exhibit a low minimal erythema dose to both UVA and UVB. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2022; 38:38-43. [PMID: 34171129 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melasma is a common disorder manifested by symmetric hyperpigmentation of sun-exposed skin. Although ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a known risk factor of melasma, whether skin sensitivities to UVA and/or UVB differ between healthy controls and female patients with melasma is unknown. METHODS Minimal erythema dose (MED)-UVA and MED-UVB results were compared between female patients with melasma and healthy controls. Additionally, relationships between MED values and Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) scores, and skin color were assessed. RESULTS The melasma and control groups included 142 and 137 subjects, respectively. Compared with healthy control group, our melasma group had lower MED-UVA (P < .001) and MED-UVB (P < .05). MASI scores were negatively correlated with MED-UVA and MED-UVB (P < .001). Additionally, Skin a* values in melasma-involved skin were negatively correlated with MED-UVA (P < .05). Skin b* values in melasma-involved skin were negatively correlated with MED-UVB and MED-UVA (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with melasma exhibit a low MED to both UVA and UVB, rendering them have a predisposition to an increased UV sensitivity. Because of the association between melasma and UV sensitivity, sun exposure should be avoided to alleviate or prevent melasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fengyan Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong, China
| | - Yanni Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jiajing Li
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Martin-Gorgojo A, Gilaberte Y, Nagore E. Vitamin D and Skin Cancer: An Epidemiological, Patient-Centered Update and Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:4292. [PMID: 34959844 PMCID: PMC8709188 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current vitamin D deficiency epidemic is accompanied by an increase in endemic skin cancer. There are still multiple controversies. This review aims to give practical recommendations regarding vitamin D among people at risk or with a personal history of skin cancer. METHODS Narrative review including human research articles published between 2011 and 2021, elaborated bearing in mind an epidemiological, patient-centered approach. RESULTS Ultraviolet (UV) exposure (neither artificial nor natural) is not the ideal source to synthesize vitamin D. There is conflicting epidemiological evidence regarding vitamin D, non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), and cutaneous melanoma (CMM), confounded by the effect of sun exposure and other factors. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence is controversial, and there are no widely applicable strategies. We propose three practical recommendations. Firstly, sun protection recommendations should be kept among people at risk or with a personal history of skin cancer. Secondly, vitamin D should preferably be sourced through diet. In patients with melanoma or at risk of cutaneous cancer, serum vitamin D checks are warranted to detect and avoid its insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yolanda Gilaberte
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Eduardo Nagore
- Dermatology Department, Universidad Catolica de Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
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12
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Hodnik JJ, Jankovec M, Ježek J, Krušič Ž, Mitterhofer S, Starič J. Minimal Erythema Dose Determination in Holstein Friesian Cattle. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:757452. [PMID: 34790714 PMCID: PMC8591259 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.757452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattle on pasture are continuously exposed to solar UV radiation, which has been associated with biological effects such as sunburn, photosensitization, squamous cell carcinoma, and cutaneous vitamin D3 production. The minimal erythema dose (MED) required to produce first-degree sunburn (erythema) is poorly researched in cattle. Since cattle are naturally covered with dense hair coats, the MED is influenced by the UV protection offered by the hair. The objective of this study was to determine the MED on intact-hair-covered (MED-H) and shaved white skin (MED-S) of Holstein Friesian cattle. Twenty-one Holstein Friesian cows and heifers were MED tested using a narrowband UV-B LED light (peak irradiance at 292 nm) on eight hair-covered and eight shaved areas over white skin previously unexposed to direct sunlight. Erythema was visually assessed after 24 h. The mean MED-H and MED-S were 5,595 and 329 J/m2, respectively. Heifers had a higher MED-H compared to cows, 7,600 and 4,969 J/m2, respectively. The mean UV transmittance of white cattle hair was 6.7%. MED-H was correlated with hair length (Spearman's rho = 0.76). A linear regression model showed that each millimeter of hair coat length increased the MED-H by 316 J/m2. In conclusion, this study provides a MED testing protocol for cattle and reports standardized values of MED for cattle on intact-hair-covered and shaved areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaka Jakob Hodnik
- Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals-Section for Ruminants, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Jankovec
- Laboratory of Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jožica Ježek
- Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals-Section for Ruminants, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Krušič
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital Celje, Celje, Slovenia
| | - Stefan Mitterhofer
- Laboratory of Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jože Starič
- Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals-Section for Ruminants, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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13
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Stenman C, Gillstedt M, Barck L, Gonzalez H, Halldin C, Wallinder A, Paoli J, Osmancevic A, Claeson M. Sun protection behaviour in organ transplant recipients and non-transplant patients attending a dermatology outpatient clinic in Sweden: A questionnaire survey. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2021; 38:132-140. [PMID: 34416022 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) are at high risk of developing skin cancer and are therefore advised to protect their skin against ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Specialized OTR clinics with dermatological follow-up may improve sun habits among OTRs. In this study, we compared self-reported sun exposure and sun protection behaviour between OTRs and non-transplant patients (non-TPs) and between OTRs with and without special dermatological follow-up. METHODS Patients from Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden, completed a sun exposure questionnaire. Between 2011 and 2015, 282 OTRs transplanted in the period 1976-2014 and 414 non-TPs were recruited among dermatological outpatients. Participants were stratified into five groups by their status as OTRs or non-TPs and by attendance to dermatological follow-up. RESULTS More non-TPs than OTRs reported one or more sunburns in the past year, 46% vs. 20%, P < .0001). More OTRs with than OTRs without dermatological follow-up reported frequent use of sunscreens (63% vs 44%, P = .006). More OTRs with follow-up used one or more sun protection measure such as covering clothes, than other OTRs (54% vs 34%, P = .016). CONCLUSION In this study, OTRs reported less sun exposure than non-TPs. Specialized dermatological follow-up seems to improve sun protection behaviour among OTRs. We suggest that specialized OTR clinics should be more broadly implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Stenman
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Transplant Institute, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Gillstedt
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lykke Barck
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Gonzalez
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christina Halldin
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Wallinder
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Transplant Institute, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John Paoli
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amra Osmancevic
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Claeson
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Kunchana K, Jarisarapurin W, Chularojmontri L, Wattanapitayakul SK. Potential Use of Amla ( Phyllanthus emblica L.) Fruit Extract to Protect Skin Keratinocytes from Inflammation and Apoptosis after UVB Irradiation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050703. [PMID: 33946757 PMCID: PMC8146754 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure is the primary risk factor for the deadliest type of skin cancer—melanoma. Incorporating natural antioxidants in skin protection products is currently a favored research theme. For this study, we selected Phyllanthus emblica L. fruit extract (PE) to assess its potential use in dermal protection against UVB-induced keratinocyte inflammation and apoptosis. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to investigate PE’s phytochemical constituents (ascorbic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin), while ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), total ROS, OH•, O2•−, and H2O2-scavenging activities were used to determine the antioxidant properties. PE significantly increased the cell viability (MTT assay) and reduced apoptosis (Hoechst staining) in HaCaT cells exposed to UVB (40 mJ/cm2). PE abolished oxidative stress by reducing the production of intracellular ROS, O2•− and H2O2 production. Catalase activity (but not superoxide dismutase or glutathione peroxidase activity) was enhanced in keratinocytes incubated with PE prior to UVB exposure. Western blot analysis suggested that PE inhibited cytochrome c release and inhibited the dysregulation of PI3K/Akt without any impact on p38 activation. PE attenuated the inflammatory response to UVB irradiation by inhibiting AP-1, NF-κB, and the mediator PGE2. Thus, PE is a candidate with great potential for use as an active ingredient in skin care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khwandow Kunchana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand; (K.K.); (W.J.)
| | - Wattanased Jarisarapurin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand; (K.K.); (W.J.)
| | - Linda Chularojmontri
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand;
| | - Suvara K. Wattanapitayakul
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand; (K.K.); (W.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2649-5385
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Arroyo-Lamas N, Arteagoitia I, Ugalde U. Surface Activation of Titanium Dental Implants by Using UVC-LED Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052597. [PMID: 33807532 PMCID: PMC7961349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic contaminants significantly limit the bioactivity of titanium implants, resulting in the degradation known as the ageing of titanium. To reactivate the surfaces, they can be photofunctionalized, i.e., irradiated with C-range ultraviolet (UVC) light. This descriptive in vitro study compares the effectiveness of novel light-emitting diode (LED) technology to remove contaminant hydrocarbons from three different commercially available titanium dental implants: THD, TiUnite, and SLA. The surface topography and morphology were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical compositions were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), before and after the lighting treatment, by a pair of closely placed UVC (λ = 278 nm) and LED devices for 24 h. SEM analysis showed morphological differences at the macro- and micro-scopic level. XPS analysis showed a remarkable reduction in the carbon contents after the UVC treatment: from 25.6 to 19.5 C at. % (carbon atomic concentration) in the THD; from 30.2 to 20.2 C at. % in the TiUnite; from 26.1 to 19.2 C at. % in the SLA surface. Simultaneously, the concentration of oxygen and titanium increased. Therefore, LED-based UVC irradiation decontaminated titanium surfaces and improved the chemical features of them, regardless of the kind of surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagore Arroyo-Lamas
- Medicine and Surgery Program, PhD School, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, 48940 Bizkaia, Spain;
| | - Iciar Arteagoitia
- Maxillofacial Group, Stomatology Department, BioCruces Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, 48940 Bizkaia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-946-01 2929
| | - Unai Ugalde
- APERT Research Group, Department of Electronic Technology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, 48013 Bizkaia, Spain;
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Chew CC, Rajan P. Controversies on the Use of Ultraviolet Rays for Disinfection During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Malays J Med Sci 2021; 28:117-119. [PMID: 33679228 PMCID: PMC7909359 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the use of ultraviolet (UV) rays to disinfect skin areas, clothes and other objects at the entry/exit points of public spaces has been widely discussed by stakeholders. While ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) has been shown to effectively inactivate coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), no specific evidence proves that it effectively inactivates the new SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19. Because UV rays damage human tissue, UVGI should be used with caution and not directly on human skin. Various guidelines recommend that UVGI should not be used as a sole agent for disinfecting surfaces or objects but as an adjunct to the latest standard disinfecting procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chii Chii Chew
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ministry of Health Malaysia Level 4, Ambulatory Care Centre (ACC), Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Philip Rajan
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ministry of Health Malaysia Level 4, Ambulatory Care Centre (ACC), Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.,Department of Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT), Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
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17
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Pardo-Zamudio AC, Valbuena MC, Jiménez-Torres HD, Colmenares-Mejía CC. Actinic prurigo in a dermatological reference center in Colombia: 108 cases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 40:487-97. [PMID: 33030827 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introducción. El prurigo actínico es una fotodermatosis crónica. Afecta con mayor frecuencia a la población latinoamericana, predomina en mujeres y compromete la piel expuesta al sol, las conjuntivas y los labios. Objetivo. Actualizar la información sobre las características clínico-epidemiológicas y el tratamiento de pacientes con prurigo actínico en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio de corte transversal que incluyó los registros clínicos de pacientes con prurigo actínico atendidos en el Servicio de Fotodermatología del Hospital Universitario Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta entre el 2011 y el 2016, y se describieron sus características demográficas, clínicas e histopatológicas, así como su tratamiento. Resultados. Se incluyeron 108 pacientes, el 71,3 % de ellos mujeres y el 28,7% hombres, con predominio de los fototipos III-IV (70 %). La enfermedad se había iniciado durante la primera década de vida en el 66,4% de los casos y el 25 % de los pacientes tenía antecedentes familiares de la enfermedad. Las lesiones predominaban en el rostro (93,5 %), los antebrazos (79,6 %) y el dorso de las manos (70,4 %). También, se documentó compromiso ocular (87,9 %) y de los labios (88,8 %). Se hizo la prueba de fotoprovocación con radiación ultravioleta A en el 25 % de los casos y biopsia cutánea en el 19,4 %. Todos los pacientes se trataron con protección solar química y física. En los casos leves a moderados, se formularon corticoides tópicos (91,7 %) e inhibidores de la calcineurina (65,7 %), y en los graves, talidomida (33,3 %) y pentoxifilina (14,8 %). Conclusión. Las características de los pacientes colombianos con prurigo actínico son similares a las reportadas en otros países latinoamericanos: inicio temprano de la enfermedad, predominio en mujeres, compromiso frecuente de conjuntivas y labios, y adecuada respuesta al tratamiento tópico y sistémico.
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18
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Dini C, Nagay BE, Magno MB, Maia LC, Barão VAR. Photofunctionalization as a suitable approach to improve the osseointegration of implants in animal models-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res 2020; 31:785-802. [PMID: 32564392 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether photofunctionalization influences dental implant osseointegration. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data on osseointegration rates were extracted from 8 databases, based on bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and pushout tests. Internal validity was accessed through the SYRCLE risk of bias tool for animal experimental studies. Meta-analyses were performed for investigation of the influence of photofunctionalization on implant osseointegration, with a random effect and a confidence interval of 95%. The certainty of evidence was accessed through the GRADE approach. RESULTS Thirty-four records were identified, and 10 were included in the meta-analysis. Photofunctionalized implants showed higher mean values for BIC in rabbits (MD 6.92 [1.01, 12.82], p = .02), dogs (MD 23.70 [10.23, 37.16], p = .001), rats (MD 20.93 [12.91, 28.95], p < .0001), and in the pooled BIC analyses (MD 14.23 [7.80, 20.66], p < .0001) compared to those in control implants in the overall assay. Conversely, at late healing periods, the pooled BIC meta-analyses showed no statistically significant differences (p > .05) for photofunctionalized and control implants at 12 weeks of follow-up. For pushout analysis, photofunctionalized implants presented greater bone strength integration (MD 19.92 [13.88, 25.96], p < .0001) compared to that of control implants. The heterogeneity between studies ranged from "not important" to "moderate" for rabbits I2 = 24%, dogs I2 = 0%, rats I2 = 0%, and pooled BIC (I2 = 49%), while considerable heterogeneity was observed for pushouts (I2 = 90%). CONCLUSION Photofunctionalization improves osseointegration in the initial healing period of implants, as summarized from available data from rabbit, dog, and rat in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dini
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Egumi Nagay
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Baraúna Magno
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valentim Adelino Ricardo Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vaidya MU, Gangakhedkar GR, Shetty AN, Waghalkar PV. A rare occurrence of accidental exposure to UV radiation among operating theatre personnel. Indian J Anaesth 2020; 64:230-232. [PMID: 32346171 PMCID: PMC7179771 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_656_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) lamps are commonly used in operation theatres for disinfection. Accidental exposure causes damage to superficial tissues especially the skin, the eyes and has the potential to cause various malignancies. Nine previously asymptomatic operation theaters (OT) personnel experienced, foreign body sensation with intense tearing of eyes and erythematous rash on exposed body parts 2 to 4 hours after leaving work. They required symptomatic treatment with oral and topical antihistaminics and lubricant eye drops. Two of the nine required intravenous steroids. UV exposure was diagnosed as diagnosis of exclusion. There is a lack of knowledge regarding presence UV radiation in OT and a lack of safety measures in place to prevent exposure. This case report emphasises the threats poses by UV exposure, the need to bring about awareness about the presence of UV lamps and adopting safety measures to avoid exposure among healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi U Vaidya
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gauri R Gangakhedkar
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anita N Shetty
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pallavi V Waghalkar
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Tashmeeta Ahad
- Department of Dermatology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Lesley E Rhodes
- Department of Dermatology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK,Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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21
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Nazir M, Asad Ullah M, Mumtaz S, Siddiquah A, Shah M, Drouet S, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Interactive Effect of Melatonin and UV-C on Phenylpropanoid Metabolite Production and Antioxidant Potential in Callus Cultures of Purple Basil ( Ocimum basilicum L. var.s purpurascens). Molecules 2020; 25:E1072. [PMID: 32121015 PMCID: PMC7179200 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the interactive effect of melatonin and UV-C on phenylpropanoid metabolites profile and antioxidant potential of Ocimum basilicum L. Callus was treated with varying concentrations of melatonin and UV-C radiations for different time durations, either alone and/or in combination. Individual treatments of both UV-C and melatonin proved to be more effective than combine treatments. Results indicated that UV-C (10 min) exposure increased rosmarinic acid (134.5 mg/g dry weight (DW)), which was 2.3-fold greater than control. Chichoric acid (51.52 mg/g DW) and anthocyanin (cyanide 0.50 mg/g DW) were almost 4.1-fold, while peonidin was found 2.7-fold higher in UV-C (50 min) exposure. In the case of melatonin, 1.0 mg/L concentrations showed maximum rosmarinic acid (79.4 mg/g DW) accumulation; i.e., 1.4-fold more, as compared to the control. However, 2 mg/L melatonin accumulate chichoric acid (39.99 mg/g DW) and anthocyanin (cyanide: 0.45 mg/g DW and peonidin: 0.22 mg/g DW); i.e., 3.2, 3.7 and 2.0-fold increase, as compared to the control, respectively. On the other hand, melatonin-combined treatment (melatonin (Mel) (4 mg/L) + UV-C (20 min)) was proved to be effective in caffeic acid elicitation, which was 1.9-fold greater than the control. Furthermore, antioxidant potential was evaluated by both in vitro (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays) and in cellulo methods. Maximum in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH: 90.6% and ABTS: 1909.5 µM) was observed for UV-C (50 min)-treated cultures. The highest in vitro antioxidant activity measured with the ABTS assay as compared to the FRAP assay, suggesting the main contribution of antioxidants from basil callus extracts acting through a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) over an electron transfer (ET)-based mechanism. Cellular antioxidant assay was evaluated by production of ROS/RNS species using yeast cell cultures and further confirmed the protective action of the corresponding callus extracts against oxidative stress. Overall, both melatonin and UV-C are here proved to be effective elicitors since a positive correlation between the induced production of phenolic compounds, and in cellulo antioxidant action of basil callus extracts were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza Nazir
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-45320, Pakistan; (M.N.); (M.A.U.); (A.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu &Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir 13230, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asad Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-45320, Pakistan; (M.N.); (M.A.U.); (A.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Sadia Mumtaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Women University of Azad Jammu &Kashmir Bagh, Azad Kashmir 12500, Pakistan;
| | - Aisha Siddiquah
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-45320, Pakistan; (M.N.); (M.A.U.); (A.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Muzamil Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-45320, Pakistan; (M.N.); (M.A.U.); (A.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans CEDEX 2, France or or (S.D.)
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans CEDEX 2, France or or (S.D.)
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-45320, Pakistan; (M.N.); (M.A.U.); (A.S.); (M.S.)
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Abstract
There is a common belief among the laity and even physicians that sun exposure is a useful source of vitamin D. However, despite the fact that sun exposure occurs almost throughout the year in India, vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent. Although several authors have reported on the duration of sun exposure required to synthesize adequate amounts of vitamin D in the human body, they have not followed a standard and uniform protocol for measurement of sun exposure and vitamin D synthesis. For these and many other reasons, the results are difficult to interpret. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has clearly stated that infants should be protected from the sun as much as possible and vitamin D requirements should be met through diet and fortified foods rather than deliberate sun exposure. However, this recommendation is frequently ignored in clinical practice. This review aims to summarize the available literature on benefits and harm of unprotected sun exposure in infants and children with a focus on skin phototype IV to VI. Dermatologists and pediatricians in India should counsel parents about the need for sun protection, especially in fair-skinned infants and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur K Jindal
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Advanced Paediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aman Gupta
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Advanced Paediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Keshavamurthy Vinay
- Department of Dermatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anuradha Bishnoi
- Department of Dermatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Nasreen S, Ramesh DNSV, Thriveni R, Bayatnal A, Chowdhury RM, Kattimani S, Saba R. Assessment of alveolar bone mass using radio morphometric indices in urban and rural postmenopausal women and their correlation with serum vitamin D3 level. Indian J Dent Res 2019; 30:722-730. [PMID: 31854363 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_369_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The number of women with osteoporosis i.e. with reduced bone mass and disruption of bone architecture, is increasing in India due to severe deficiency of Vitamin D. It has been reported throughout the country in urban and rural post-menopausal women. Vitamin D synthesis is affected by geographical location, atmospheric pollution, clothing, melanin pigmentation and sunlight exposure. Moreover, ageing is also associated with decreased vitamin D synthesis. Vitamin D deficiency is the most underdiagnosed medical condition in postmenopausal woman. Objective Therefore, this study was planned to estimate and to evaluate alveolar bone mass using radio morphometric indices in postmenopausal women and its correlation with serum vitamin D3. Materials and Methods We conducted a study comprising of a study group of 60 post-menopausal women, divided into 2 sub-groups, each group comprising of 30 individuals, depending on their occupation and domicile. Blood samples were taken to evaluate serum vitamin D3 level. Also, panoramic radiographs of all the study subjects were recorded for evaluation of 3 radio morphometric indices viz. mandibular cortical index (MCI), mental index (MI), and panoramic mandibular index (PMI). Results Statistical analysis revealed higher significant values in rural than in urban postmenopausal woman. Conclusions A high overall prevalence (90%) of vitamin D deficiency was also observed in the study subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Nasreen
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Mithila Minority Dental College and Hospital, Samastipur Road, Mansukh Nagar (Ekmighat), Laheriasarai, Darbhanga, Bihar, India
| | | | - Rukmangada Thriveni
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, AME's Dental College and Hospital, Bijanagera Road, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Amit Bayatnal
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, AME's Dental College and Hospital, Bijanagera Road, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Ripon Md Chowdhury
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Hi-Tech Dental College and Hospital, High Tech Hospital Road, Pandara, Rasulgarh, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shweta Kattimani
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, AME's Dental College and Hospital, Bijanagera Road, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Raunaque Saba
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Radix Dental Care, 30/2 Fazlul Haque Sarani, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Goyer B, Pereira U, Magne B, Larouche D, Kearns-Turcotte S, Rochette PJ, Martin L, Germain L. Impact of ultraviolet radiation on dermal and epidermal DNA damage in a human pigmented bilayered skin substitute. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:2300-2311. [PMID: 31502756 DOI: 10.1002/term.2959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our laboratory has developed a scaffold-free cell-based method of tissue engineering to produce bilayered tissue-engineered skin substitutes (TESs) from epidermal and dermal cells. However, TES pigmentation is absent or heterogeneous after grafting, due to a suboptimal number of melanocytes in culture. Our objectives were to produce TESs with a sufficient quantity of melanocytes from different pigmentation phototypes (light and dark) to achieve a homogeneous color and to evaluate whether the resulting pigmentation was photoprotective against ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced DNA damage in the dermis and the epidermis. TESs were cultured using different concentrations of melanocytes (100, 200, and 1,500 melanocytes/mm2 ), and pigmentation was evaluated in vitro and after grafting onto an athymic mouse excisional model. Dermal and epidermal DNA damage was next studied, exposing pigmented TESs to 13 and 32.5 J/cm2 UVR in vitro. We observed that melanocyte cell density increased with culture time until reaching a plateau corresponding to the cell distribution of native skin. Pigmentation of melanocyte-containing TESs was similar to donor skin, with visible melanin transfer from melanocytes to keratinocytes. The amount of melanin in TESs was inversely correlated to the UVR-induced formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer in dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Our results indicate that the pigmentation conferred by the addition of melanocytes in TESs protects against UVR-induced DNA damage. Therefore, autologous pigmented TESs could ensure photoprotection after grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Goyer
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval and Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de chirurgie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ulysse Pereira
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval and Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de chirurgie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Brice Magne
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval and Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de chirurgie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Danielle Larouche
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval and Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de chirurgie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sélia Kearns-Turcotte
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval and Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de chirurgie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick J Rochette
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval and Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'oto-rhino-laryngologie - chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ludovic Martin
- Service de Dermatologie, CHU d'Angers, et Institut MitoVasc (UMR INSERM 1083, UMR CNRS 6015), Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Lucie Germain
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval and Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de chirurgie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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25
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Coutinho RCS, dos Santos AF, da Costa JG, Vanderlei AD. Sun exposure, skin lesions and vitamin D production: evaluation in a population of fishermen. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:279-286. [PMID: 31365655 PMCID: PMC6668935 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20197201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to UVR provides benefits related to vitamin D synthesis, but also causes harms, since UVB is considered a complete carcinogen. There is no definition of the level of sun exposure and the proportion of exposed body required for proper synthesis of vitamin D in the skin without causing it damage. OBJECTIVES This study aims to analyze the sun exposure index, vitamin D levels and clinical changes in the skin caused by constant sun exposure in the fishermen population. METHODS It is a cross-sectional, observational and analytical study. The sample consisted of fishermen and was calculated in 174 individuals. The questionnaire was applied, the dermatological examination was carried out and the examinations of calcidiol, parathyroid hormone, calcium and phosphorus were requested. Data were expressed as percentages. The comparative analysis was done through the Chi-square test, and the correlations were established through the Pearson's linear coefficient. Results: We observed that there was vitamin D deficiency in a small part of the cases (11.46%), and the frequency of diagnosis of skin cancer was 2.7% of the cases surveyed. STUDY LIMITATIONS The difficulty in categorizing the sun exposure index. CONCLUSION The fact that fishermen expose themselves to the sun chronically and have been exposed to the sun for more than 15 years, between 21 and 28 hours a week, and without photoprotection, were indicative factors for protection against vitamin D deficiency. Chronic exposure to sun and high vitamin levels D may be indicative of protection of this population against skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cavalcanti Soriano Coutinho
- Discipline of Dermatology, Centro Universitário CESMAC,
Maceió (AL), Brazil
- Program of Post-Graduation, Professional Master’s Degree in Health
Research, Centro Universitário CESMAC, Maceió (AL), Brazil
| | - Aldenir Feitosa dos Santos
- Program of Post-Graduation, Professional Master’s Degree in Health
Research, Centro Universitário CESMAC, Maceió (AL), Brazil
- Program of Post-Graduation, Professional Master’s Degree in
Analysis of Environmental Systems, Centro Universitário CESMAC, Maceió
(AL), Brazil
- Discipline de Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Alagoas,
Arapiraca (AL), Brazil
| | - João Gomes da Costa
- Program of Post-Graduation, Professional Master’s Degree in
Analysis of Environmental Systems, Centro Universitário CESMAC, Maceió
(AL), Brazil
- Program of Post-Graduation in Agriculture and Environment,
Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió (AL), Brazil
| | - Aleska Dias Vanderlei
- Program of Post-Graduation, Professional Master’s Degree in Health
Research, Centro Universitário CESMAC, Maceió (AL), Brazil
- Discipline of Dentistry, Centro Universitário CESMAC,
Maceió (AL), Brazil
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26
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Lehmann M, Pfahlberg AB, Sandmann H, Uter W, Gefeller O. Public Health Messages Associated with Low UV Index Values Need Reconsideration. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E2067. [PMID: 31212727 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the main modifiable risk factor for skin cancer. The Global Solar Ultraviolet Index (UVI) was introduced as a tool to visualize the intensity of UV radiation on a certain day, which should enable and encourage people to take appropriate protective measures. The ‘low’ exposure category of the UVI, defined by a rounded UVI value of 0, 1 or 2, was linked to the health message ‘No protection required’ by the World Health Organization and partner organizations. However, published evidence corroborating this advice is not available. To evaluate the erythemal risk of low UVI days, we analyzed 14,431 daily time series of ambient erythemal irradiance data measured at nine stations of the German solar UV monitoring network during the years 2007–2016. We analyzed the proportion of days in the sample for which ambient erythemal doses calculated for various time intervals exceed average minimal erythemal doses (MEDs) of the Fitzpatrick skin phototypes I–VI to assess the potential for erythema arising from sun exposure on days with low UVI values. Additionally, we calculated for each day the minimum exposure duration needed to receive one MED. Our results indicate that on days with a UVI value of 0, risk of erythema is indeed negligible. Conversely, the abovementioned health message appears misleading when melano-compromised individuals (skin type I and II) spend more than 1.5 hours outdoors on days with a UVI value of 2. Under rare circumstances of prolonged exposure, MEDs of the two most sensitive skin types can also be exceeded even on days with a UVI value of 1. Hence, current WHO guidance for sun protection on days with low UVI values needs reconsideration.
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Gosselin S, McWhirter JE. Assessing the content and comprehensiveness of provincial and territorial indoor tanning legislation in Canada. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2019; 39:45-55. [PMID: 30767854 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.39.2.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Canadian provincial and territorial governments have enacted legislation in response to health risks of artificial ultraviolet radiation from indoor tanning. This legislation, which differs from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, regulates the operation of indoor tanning facilities. The content and comprehensiveness of such legislation-and its differences across jurisdictions-have not been analyzed. To address this research gap, we conducted a systematic, comprehensive scan and content analysis on provincial and territorial indoor tanning legislation, including regulations and supplementary information. METHODS Legislative information was collected from the Canadian Legal Information Institute database and an environmental scan was conducted to locate supplementary information. Through a process informed by the content of the legislation, previous research and health authority recommendations, we developed a 59-variable codebook. Descriptive statistics were calculated. RESULTS All provinces and one of three territories have legislation regulating indoor tanning. Areas of strength across jurisdictions are youth access restrictions (n = 11), posting of warning signs (n = 11), penalties (n = 11) and restrictions on advertising and marketing targeted to youth (n = 7). Few jurisdictions, however, cover areas such as protective eyewear (n = 4), unsupervised tanning (n = 4), provisions for inspection frequency (n = 4), misleading health claims in advertisements directed toward the general public (n = 2) and screening of high-risk clients (n = 0). CONCLUSION All provinces and one territory have made progress in regulating the indoor tanning industry, particularly by prohibiting youth and using warning labels to communicate risk. Legislative gaps should be addressed in order to better protect Canadians from this avoidable skin cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Gosselin
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer E McWhirter
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Ullah MA, Tungmunnithum D, Garros L, Drouet S, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Effect of Ultraviolet-C Radiation and Melatonin Stress on Biosynthesis of Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Metabolites Produced in In Vitro Callus Cultures of Lepidium sativum L. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1787. [PMID: 30978911 PMCID: PMC6479895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lepidium sativum L. is a rich source of polyphenols that have huge medicinal and pharmaceutical applications. In the current study, an effective abiotic elicitation strategy was designed for enhanced biosynthesis of polyphenols in callus culture of L. sativum. Callus was exposed to UV-C radiations for different time intervals and various concentrations of melatonin. Secondary metabolites were quantified by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results indicated the total secondary metabolite accumulation of nine quantified compounds was almost three fold higher (36.36 mg/g dry weight (DW)) in melatonin (20 μM) treated cultures, whereas, in response to UV-C (60 min), a 2.5 fold increase (32.33 mg/g DW) was recorded compared to control (13.94 mg/g DW). Metabolic profiling revealed the presence of three major phytochemicals, i.e., chlorogenic acid, kaemferol, and quercetin, in callus culture of L. sativum. Furthermore, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and enzymatic activities of callus cultures were significantly enhanced. Maximum antidiabetic activities (α-glucosidase: 57.84%; α-amylase: 62.66%) were recorded in melatonin (20 μM) treated callus cultures. Overall, melatonin proved to be an effect elicitor compared to UV-C and a positive correlation in these biological activities and phytochemical accumulation was observed. The present study provides a better comparison of both elicitors and their role in the initiation of physiological pathways for enhanced metabolites biosynthesis in vitro callus culture of L. sativum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asad Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Duangjai Tungmunnithum
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans CEDEX 2, France.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayuthaya Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Laurine Garros
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans CEDEX 2, France.
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA) UMR7311, Université d'Orléans-CNRS, 45067 Orléans CEDEX 2, France.
- COSM'ACTIFS, Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, 45067 Orléans CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans CEDEX 2, France.
- COSM'ACTIFS, Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, 45067 Orléans CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans CEDEX 2, France.
- COSM'ACTIFS, Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, 45067 Orléans CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans CEDEX 2, France.
- COSM'ACTIFS, Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, 45067 Orléans CEDEX 2, France.
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France.
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Pereira LA, Luz FB, Carneiro CMMDO, Xavier ALR, Kanaan S, Miot HA. Evaluation of vitamin D plasma levels after mild exposure to the sun with photoprotection. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:56-61. [PMID: 30726465 PMCID: PMC6360984 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20198070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of the organism's vitamin D (VD) is obtained through the cutaneous synthesis after exposure to the sun's UVB radiation. Sunscreens are indicated for the prevention of actinic damage to the skin, however, there are few clinical trials assessing the synthesis of cutaneous VD in real-life situations of sun exposure with ordinary clothing and usual photoprotection. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the synthesis of VD with suberythemal sun exposure in healthy adults using topical photoprotection (SPF 30). METHODS Quasi-experimental study, conducted at Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), during winter, with 95 healthy adults who had 25-OH-VD checked twice, 24 hours apart, and were exposed to the sun (UVB=20 mJ/cm2), according to a randomized grouping: SC - use of SPF 30 on the face, neck and chest (n=64), NO - no sunscreens (n=10), CO - confined from sun exposure for 24h (n=21). The groups were matched according to the propensity score related to gender, age, phototype, body mass index, glycosylated hemoglobin and baseline levels of VD. The outcome evaluated was the variation (ΔVD) in serum level of 25-OH-VD (ng/ml) between the groups. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was identified between CO and SC groups [median (p25-p75)]: ΔVD =1.4 (-0.3-3.6) vs. 5.5 (4.8-6.6); p<0.01. There was no difference between SC and NO groups: 5.4 (3.1-6.1) vs. 4.1 (2.5-6.0); p=0.17. STUDY LIMITATIONS Laboratory analysis technique (chemiluminescence) with great variability, loss of food intake standardatization, unbalanced groups. CONCLUSIONS Suberythemal sun exposure with sunscreen (SPF 30) provides similar vitamin D serum variation than without photoprotection in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Alonso Pereira
- Department of Dermatology, Universidade Federal Fluminense,
Niterói (RJ), Brasil
| | - Flávio Barbosa Luz
- Discipline of Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Universidade
Federal Fluminense, Niterói (RJ), Brasil
| | | | - Ana Lucia Rampazzo Xavier
- Discipline of Pathology, Department of Pathology-Clinical
Biochemistry, Universidade Federal Fluminenese, Niterói (RJ), Brasil
| | - Salim Kanaan
- Discipline of Pathology, Department of Pathology-Clinical
Biochemistry, Universidade Federal Fluminenese, Niterói (RJ), Brasil
| | - Hélio Amante Miot
- Discipline of Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and
Radiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu (SP), Brasil
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30
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Stewart AE, Kimlin MG. The Dislike of Hot Thermal Conditions and Its Relationship with Sun (Ultraviolet Radiation) Exposure in the Southeastern United States. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15102161. [PMID: 30275387 PMCID: PMC6210274 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between peoples’ preferences for being outside during certain months of the year, based upon their dislike of hot or warm temperatures, and of taking precautions against ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. A sample of university undergraduates (N = 1400) living in the Northern Hemisphere completed an online survey in the late summer of 2017 that inventoried their dislike of heat and hot conditions, their sun tanning preferences and habits, and their preferences for being outside during different months of the year, along with whether they would protect themselves from the UVR exposure during those months. Dislike of hot conditions was negatively correlated with respondent preferences for sun tanning and with the number of months during the year that people enjoyed being active outside. A greater proportion of people who disliked hot conditions experienced risks of UVR overexposure during the spring and fall. In contrast, people who expressed more liking of heat frequently enjoyed being outside during the warmer months (April to October), and a significantly greater proportion of them experienced risks for sun overexposure in these months. Such individual differences in heat-related attitudes may explain a proportion the variability in individual risk behaviors for skin cancer that is not currently accounted for by approaches using objective variables such as temperature, thermal comfort indices, or the UV index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan E Stewart
- College of Education, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30677, USA.
| | - Michael G Kimlin
- College of Education, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30677, USA.
- Health Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Brisbane 4558, Australia.
- Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane 4006, Australia.
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31
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Ribeiro MG, Zunta GL, Santos JS, Moraes AM, Lima CSP, Ortega MM. Clinical features related to xeroderma pigmentosum in a Brazilian patient diagnosed at advanced age. Appl Clin Genet 2018; 11:89-92. [PMID: 30127633 PMCID: PMC6089094 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s155083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease characterized by extreme sensitivity due to solar radiation and deficiency in excision repair DNA. Those factors promote a set of skin abnormalities such as keratosis, hyperpigmentation, tumors in areas exposed to sunlight, and ocular and, eventually, neurological disorders. In the present review, we summarize the main clinical features related to a case of xeroderma pigmentosum in a man who was not diagnosed until he was 45 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Guinda Ribeiro
- Department of Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Gabriella Lucato Zunta
- Department of Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Jéssica Silva Santos
- Department of Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Aparecida Machado Moraes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmen Silvia Passos Lima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoela Marques Ortega
- Department of Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil,
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Akarsu S, Fetil E, Ozbagcivan O, Gunes AT. Blocking or enhancing effects of some basic emollients in UVA penetration. An Bras Dermatol 2018; 93:238-241. [PMID: 29723354 PMCID: PMC5916397 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20186869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical agents used in combination with phototherapy or photochemotherapy may have both blocking or enhancing effects in ultraviolet rays. OBJECTIVE In this in vivo study, the effects of topical petrolatum, basis cream, glycerine, and olive oil on the transmission of ultraviolet A radiation were investigated. METHODS A test was performed to determine the minimal phototoxic dose on 29 volunteers with only psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) and then the same test was repeated with white petrolatum, basis cream, glycerine, olive oil, and sunscreen (0.3cc/25cm2). The effects of each agent on the minimal phototoxic dose were determined after 72 h. RESULTS When compared to pure PUVA, there was a statistically significant increase in the mean minimal phototoxic dose values by the application of white petrolatum (P = 0.011), but there was no significant increase or decrease in the mean minimal phototoxic dose values after the application of basis cream (P = 0.326), glycerine (P = 0.611) or olive oil (P = 0.799). STUDY LIMITATIONS Low number of patients Conclusion: The application of white petrolatum, which has a blocking effect, and also of basis cream immediately before PUVA therapy should not be recommended. Although we specify that glycerine and maybe olive oil can be used before photochemotherapy, there is a need for further research in larger series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Akarsu
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul
University - Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emel Fetil
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul
University - Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozbagcivan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul
University - Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Tahsin Gunes
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul
University - Izmir, Turkey
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Henningsen A, Smeets R, Heuberger R, Jung OT, Hanken H, Heiland M, Cacaci C, Precht C. Changes in surface characteristics of titanium and zirconia after surface treatment with ultraviolet light or non-thermal plasma. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 126:126-134. [PMID: 29336070 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Positive effects of irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light or treatment with non-thermal plasma on titanium and zirconia surfaces have been described in various studies. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the changes in the physicochemical surface conditions of titanium and zirconia surfaces after a short treatment with UV light or with non-thermal plasmas of argon or oxygen. Titanium and zirconia samples with moderately rough surfaces were treated for 12 min either in a UV-light oven or in a non-thermal plasma reactor that generates non-thermal plasmas of oxygen or argon. Changes in surface conditions were assessed by confocal microscopy, dynamic contact angle measurement, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). No changes in roughness occurred. Ultraviolet irradiation and non-thermal plasma significantly increased the wettability of the titanium and zirconia surfaces. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed an increase of oxygen and a significant decrease of carbon after treatment with either method. Thus, ultraviolet light and non-thermal plasma were found to be able to improve the chemical surface conditions of titanium and zirconia following a short exposure time. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to determine the relevance of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Henningsen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, German Armed Forces Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Smeets
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Ole T Jung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henning Hanken
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Max Heiland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Clarissa Precht
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet transfusions are used to prevent and treat bleeding in people who are thrombocytopenic. Despite improvements in donor screening and laboratory testing, a small risk of viral, bacterial, or protozoal contamination of platelets remains. There is also an ongoing risk from newly emerging blood transfusion-transmitted infections for which laboratory tests may not be available at the time of initial outbreak.One solution to reduce the risk of blood transfusion-transmitted infections from platelet transfusion is photochemical pathogen reduction, in which pathogens are either inactivated or significantly depleted in number, thereby reducing the chance of transmission. This process might offer additional benefits, including platelet shelf-life extension, and negate the requirement for gamma-irradiation of platelets. Although current pathogen-reduction technologies have been proven to reduce pathogen load in platelet concentrates, a number of published clinical studies have raised concerns about the effectiveness of pathogen-reduced platelets for post-transfusion platelet count recovery and the prevention of bleeding when compared with standard platelets.This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2013. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of pathogen-reduced platelets for the prevention of bleeding in people of any age requiring platelet transfusions. SEARCH METHODS We searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (the Cochrane Library 2016, Issue 9), MEDLINE (from 1946), Embase (from 1974), CINAHL (from 1937), the Transfusion Evidence Library (from 1950), and ongoing trial databases to 24 October 2016. SELECTION CRITERIA We included RCTs comparing the transfusion of pathogen-reduced platelets with standard platelets, or comparing different types of pathogen-reduced platelets. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used the standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. MAIN RESULTS We identified five new trials in this update of the review. A total of 15 trials were eligible for inclusion in this review, 12 completed trials (2075 participants) and three ongoing trials. Ten of the 12 completed trials were included in the original review. We did not identify any RCTs comparing the transfusion of one type of pathogen-reduced platelets with another.Nine trials compared Intercept® pathogen-reduced platelets to standard platelets, two trials compared Mirasol® pathogen-reduced platelets to standard platelets; and one trial compared both pathogen-reduced platelets types to standard platelets. Three RCTs were randomised cross-over trials, and nine were parallel-group trials. Of the 2075 participants enrolled in the trials, 1981 participants received at least one platelet transfusion (1662 participants in Intercept® platelet trials and 319 in Mirasol® platelet trials).One trial included children requiring cardiac surgery (16 participants) or adults requiring a liver transplant (28 participants). All of the other participants were thrombocytopenic individuals who had a haematological or oncological diagnosis. Eight trials included only adults.Four of the included studies were at low risk of bias in every domain, while the remaining eight included studies had some threats to validity.Overall, the quality of the evidence was low to high across different outcomes according to GRADE methodology.We are very uncertain as to whether pathogen-reduced platelets increase the risk of any bleeding (World Health Organization (WHO) Grade 1 to 4) (5 trials, 1085 participants; fixed-effect risk ratio (RR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02 to 1.15; I2 = 59%, random-effect RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.38; I2 = 59%; low-quality evidence).There was no evidence of a difference between pathogen-reduced platelets and standard platelets in the incidence of clinically significant bleeding complications (WHO Grade 2 or higher) (5 trials, 1392 participants; RR 1.10, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.25; I2 = 0%; moderate-quality evidence), and there is probably no difference in the risk of developing severe bleeding (WHO Grade 3 or higher) (6 trials, 1495 participants; RR 1.24, 95% CI 0.76 to 2.02; I2 = 32%; moderate-quality evidence).There is probably no difference between pathogen-reduced platelets and standard platelets in the incidence of all-cause mortality at 4 to 12 weeks (6 trials, 1509 participants; RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.29; I2 = 26%; moderate-quality evidence).There is probably no difference between pathogen-reduced platelets and standard platelets in the incidence of serious adverse events (7 trials, 1340 participants; RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.35; I2 = 0%; moderate-quality evidence). However, no bacterial transfusion-transmitted infections occurred in the six trials that reported this outcome.Participants who received pathogen-reduced platelet transfusions had an increased risk of developing platelet refractoriness (7 trials, 1525 participants; RR 2.94, 95% CI 2.08 to 4.16; I2 = 0%; high-quality evidence), though the definition of platelet refractoriness differed between trials.Participants who received pathogen-reduced platelet transfusions required more platelet transfusions (6 trials, 1509 participants; mean difference (MD) 1.23, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.61; I2 = 27%; high-quality evidence), and there was probably a shorter time interval between transfusions (6 trials, 1489 participants; MD -0.42, 95% CI -0.53 to -0.32; I2 = 29%; moderate-quality evidence). Participants who received pathogen-reduced platelet transfusions had a lower 24-hour corrected-count increment (7 trials, 1681 participants; MD -3.02, 95% CI -3.57 to -2.48; I2 = 15%; high-quality evidence).None of the studies reported quality of life.We did not evaluate any economic outcomes.There was evidence of subgroup differences in multiple transfusion trials between the two pathogen-reduced platelet technologies assessed in this review (Intercept® and Mirasol®) for all-cause mortality and the interval between platelet transfusions (favouring Intercept®). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Findings from this review were based on 12 trials, and of the 1981 participants who received a platelet transfusion only 44 did not have a haematological or oncological diagnosis.In people with haematological or oncological disorders who are thrombocytopenic due to their disease or its treatment, we found high-quality evidence that pathogen-reduced platelet transfusions increase the risk of platelet refractoriness and the platelet transfusion requirement. We found moderate-quality evidence that pathogen-reduced platelet transfusions do not affect all-cause mortality, the risk of clinically significant or severe bleeding, or the risk of a serious adverse event. There was insufficient evidence for people with other diagnoses.All three ongoing trials are in adults (planned recruitment 1375 participants) with a haematological or oncological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise J Estcourt
- NHS Blood and TransplantHaematology/Transfusion MedicineLevel 2, John Radcliffe HospitalHeadingtonOxfordUKOX3 9BQ
| | - Reem Malouf
- University of OxfordNational Perinatal Epidemiology Unit (NPEU)Old Road CampusOxfordUKOX3 7LF
| | - Sally Hopewell
- University of OxfordOxford Clinical Trials Research UnitNuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal SciencesWindmill RoadOxfordUKOX3 7LD
| | - Marialena Trivella
- University of OxfordCentre for Statistics in MedicineBotnar Research CentreWindmill RoadOxfordUKOX3 7LD
| | - Carolyn Doree
- NHS Blood and TransplantSystematic Review InitiativeJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUKOX3 9BQ
| | - Simon J Stanworth
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and University of OxfordNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research CentreJohn Radcliffe Hospital, Headley WayHeadingtonOxfordUKOX3 9BQ
| | - Michael F Murphy
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and University of OxfordNHS Blood and Transplant; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research CentreJohn Radcliffe HospitalHeadingtonOxfordUK
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Qutob SQ, O'Brien M, Feder K, McNamee J, Guay M, Than J. Tanning equipment use: 2014 Canadian Community Health Survey. Health Rep 2017; 28:12-16. [PMID: 28098917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tanning equipment use is related to the early onset of cancer, with the risk increasing as the duration and repetition of exposure increase. In 2009, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified tanning equipment use as carcinogenic to humans, and according to the World Health Organization, the risk of skin melanoma increases significantly when use begins before age 35. DATA AND METHODS The rapid response component of the 2014 Canadian Community Health Survey collected data on the use of tanning equipment in the previous 12 months, including reasons for use, frequency/duration of use, precautions taken, and adverse reactions or injuries. This analysis examines the prevalence of self-reported indoor tanning in a nationally representative sample of Canadians aged 12 or older in the 10 provinces. RESULTS In 2014, 4.5% of Canadians (an estimated 1.35 million) reported that they had used tanning equipment in the past year; 70.3% of them were female, and just over half of female users were aged 18 to 34. The prevalence of indoor tanning was highest among people with some postsecondary education and among those in higher income households (trend p-value ⟨ 0.0001). Most users reported fewer than 10 sessions in the past year. The most common reason (62.0%) was to develop a "protective" base tan. INTERPRETATION Females made up the majority of tanning equipment users, particularly at ages 18 to 34. Efforts to increase awareness of the risks may be beneficial, given the high percentage of users who believed that indoor tanning offers some level of skin protection from future sun exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Q Qutob
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Effects and Assessment Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Michelle O'Brien
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Effects and Assessment Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Katya Feder
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Effects and Assessment Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - James McNamee
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Effects and Assessment Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Mireille Guay
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Population Studies Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - John Than
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Population Studies Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
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Sasaki N, Yamashita T, Kasahara K, Fukunaga A, Yamaguchi T, Emoto T, Yodoi K, Matsumoto T, Nakajima K, Kita T, Takeda M, Mizoguchi T, Hayashi T, Sasaki Y, Hatakeyama M, Taguchi K, Washio K, Sakaguchi S, Malissen B, Nishigori C, Hirata KI. UVB Exposure Prevents Atherosclerosis by Regulating Immunoinflammatory Responses. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 37:66-74. [PMID: 27765767 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE UVB irradiation is an established treatment for immunoinflammatory cutaneous disorders and has been shown to suppress cutaneous and systemic inflammatory diseases through modulation of the adaptive immune response. However, it remains unknown whether UVB irradiation prevents an immunoinflammatory disease of arteries such as atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here, we show that UVB exposure inhibits the development and progression of atherosclerosis in atherosclerosis-prone mice by expanding and enhancing the functional capacity of CD4+ forkhead box P3+ regulatory T cells and regulating proatherogenic T-cell responses. Experimental studies in Langerhans cell-depleted mice revealed that epidermal Langerhans cells play a critical role in UVB-dependent induction of CD4+ forkhead box P3+ regulatory T cells, suppression of proatherogenic T-cell responses, and prevention of atherosclerotic plaque development. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the skin immune system as a novel therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and provide a novel strategy for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Sasaki
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.).
| | - Tomoya Yamashita
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Kazuyuki Kasahara
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Atsushi Fukunaga
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Takuo Emoto
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Keiko Yodoi
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Kenji Nakajima
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Tomoyuki Kita
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Masafumi Takeda
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Taiji Mizoguchi
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Tomohiro Hayashi
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Mayumi Hatakeyama
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Ken Washio
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Bernard Malissen
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Chikako Nishigori
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirata
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
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McWhirter JE, Hoffman-Goetz L. Skin deep: Coverage of skin cancer and recreational tanning in Canadian women's magazines (2000-2012). Can J Public Health 2015; 106:e236-43. [PMID: 26285196 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.106.4795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skin cancer is a significant public health problem among Canadians. Knowledge and attitudes about health are informed by mass media. The aim of our study was to describe the volume and nature of coverage of skin cancer and recreational tanning in Canadian women's magazines. METHODS Directed content analysis on article text and images in six popular Canadian women's magazines (Chatelaine, Canadian Living, Homemakers, Flare, FASHION, ELLE Canada) from 2000-2012 with attention to risk factors, ultraviolet radiation (UV) exposure and protection behaviours, and early detection. Six popular American women's magazines were used for a between-country comparison. RESULTS There were 154 articles (221 images) about skin cancer and tanning published over 13 years. Volume of coverage did not increase in a linear fashion over time. The most common risk factor reported on was UV exposure (39%), with other risk factors less frequently identified. Although 72% of articles promoted sunscreen use, little content encouraged other protection behaviours. Only 15% of articles and 1% of images discouraged indoor tanning, while 41% of articles and 53% of images promoted the tanned look as attractive. Few articles (<11%) reported on early detection. Relative to American magazines, Canadian magazines had a greater proportion of content that encouraged sunscreen use and promoted the tanned look and a lesser proportion of content on risk factors and early detection. CONCLUSION Skin cancer and tanning messages in Canadian women's magazines had a narrow focus and provided limited information on risk factors or screening. Conflicting messages about prevention (text vs. images) may contribute to harmful UV behaviours among Canadian women.
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Cuomo RE, Mohr SB, Gorham ED, Garland CF. What is the relationship between ultraviolet B and global incidence rates of colorectal cancer? Dermatoendocrinol 2014; 5:181-5. [PMID: 24494052 PMCID: PMC3897587 DOI: 10.4161/derm.23773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between ultraviolet B and global incidence of colorectal cancer, while controlling for relevant covariates. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between latitude and incidence rates of colon cancer in 173 countries. Multiple linear regression was employed to investigate the relationship between ultraviolet B dose and colorectal cancer rates while controlling for per capita intake of energy from animal sources, per capita health expenditure, pigmentation, and life expectancy. Data on all variables were available for 139 countries. Incidence of colon cancer was highest in countries distant from the equator (R2 = 0.50, p < 0.0001). UV B dose (p < 0.0001) was independently, inversely associated with incidence rates of colorectal cancer after controlling for intake of energy from animal sources, per capita health expenditure, pigmentation, and life expectancy (R2 for overall model = 0.76, p < 0.0001). Consistent with previous research, UVB was inversely associated with incidence of colon cancer. Further research on vitamin D and prevention of colon cancer in individuals should be conducted, including studies of higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations than have been studied to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael E Cuomo
- Graduate School of Public Health; San Diego State University; San Diego, CA USA
| | - Sharif B Mohr
- Naval Health Research Center; San Diego, CA USA ; Division of Epidemiology; Department of Family and Preventative Medicine; University of California; La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Edward D Gorham
- Naval Health Research Center; San Diego, CA USA ; Division of Epidemiology; Department of Family and Preventative Medicine; University of California; La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Cedric F Garland
- Naval Health Research Center; San Diego, CA USA ; Division of Epidemiology; Department of Family and Preventative Medicine; University of California; La Jolla, CA USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Low humidity, high-velocity wind, excessive ultraviolet (UV) exposure, and extreme cold temperature are the main causes of various types of environmental dermatoses in high altitudes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was carried out in patients visiting the lone dermatology department in Ladakh between July 2009 and June 2010. The aim was to identify the common environmental dermatoses in high altitudes so that they can be treated easily or prevented. The patients were divided into three demographic groups, namely, lowlanders, Ladakhis (native highlanders), and tourists. Data was analyzed in a tabulated fashion. RESULTS A total of 1,567 patients with skin ailments were seen, of whom 965 were lowlanders, 512 native Ladakhis, and 90 were tourists. The skin disorders due to UV rays, dry skin, and papular urticaria were common among all groups. The frequency of melasma (n = 42; 49.4%), chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) (n = 18; 81.81% of total CAD cases), and actinic cheilitis (n = 3; 100%) was much higher among the native Ladakhis. The frequency of cold-related injuries was much lesser among Ladakhis (n = 1; 1.19%) than lowlanders (n = 70; 83.33%) and tourists (n = 13; 15.47%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dryness of skin, tanning, acute or chronic sunburn, polymorphic light reaction, CAD, insect bite reactions, chilblain, and frostbite are common environmental dermatoses of high altitudes. Avoidance of frequent application of soap, application of adequate and suitable emollient, use of effective sunscreen, and wearing of protective clothing are important guidelines for skin care in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gk Singh
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Command Hospital, Eastern Command, Kolkata, India
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Walls AC, Han J, Li T, Qureshi AA. Host risk factors, ultraviolet index of residence, and incident malignant melanoma in situ among US women and men. Am J Epidemiol 2013; 177:997-1005. [PMID: 23579556 PMCID: PMC4023296 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kws335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidences of malignant melanoma in situ (MMIS) and invasive malignant melanoma are rising in the United States, but few studies have examined risk factors for MMIS. We evaluated the risk of MMIS according to the host phenotype and the ultraviolet index of the state of residence. Prospective data were collected via biennial questionnaires from 250,151 women and men aged ≥20 years in the Nurses' Health Study (1980-2008), the Nurses' Health Study 2 (1989-2009), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2008). During 7,144,820 person-years of follow-up, 888 incident MMIS lesions occurred, representing 33% of all incident malignant melanoma. Meta-analysis across the cohorts demonstrated that the presence of multiple nevi on the extremities conferred the highest relative risk for MMIS (relative risk = 3.18, 95% confidence interval: 2.59, 3.90). Family history of melanoma, number of severe sunburns, sunburn susceptibility, hair color, and Fitzpatrick skin types I, II, and III were significantly associated with an increased risk of MMIS. Conversely, the ultraviolet index of the state of residence at birth, at age 15 years, and at age 30 years was not associated with increased risk of MMIS. Continued study of MMIS and associated risk factors will help identify persons who are most at risk and elucidate the role of MMIS within the spectrum of cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abrar A. Qureshi
- Correspondence to Dr. Abrar A. Qureshi, Department of Dermatology, 221L, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 (e-mail: )
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Castanedo-Cázares JP, Torres-Álvarez B, Ehnis-Pérez A, Alba-Barba I. [Environmental UV radiation levels for dosing PUVA-sol in Mexico]. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2013; 51:264-269. [PMID: 23883454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PUVA-sol therapy has the advantage of its extensive availability and low cost. However, its use is empirical. The aim was to quantify the environmental UVA radiation and suggest a method for PUVA-sol administration. METHODS we measured the UV radiation in the center of México (22 °N, 101 °W, 1877 m) by means of terrestrial radiometry from 2007 to 2011. We registered the variations according to hour, month, cloudiness and transmission through domestic silicate plates. RESULTS more than 75 % of the UVA radiation is registered between the hours of 9:00 and 17:00. The annual lowest average intensity was 20 mW/cm(2) and the highest 25.4 mW/cm(2) (ANOVA, p < 0.001). The monthly UVA irradiation during the zenith for clear skies can be estimated by the following formula: 23.8 + 0.13 (month) - 0.13 (month - 6.5)(2), (r(2) = 0.95, p < 0.001). The commonly used silicate plate (3 mm) has a UVB absorbance of 0.93, and UVA transmittance of 0.58. CONCLUSIONS the rational use of PUVA-sol is possible on the basis of the obtained data. It is necessary to isolate UVB radiation, and to adjust exposure during cloudy days, as well as following the safety protocol to obtain benefit and to reduce the risk of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Castanedo-Cázares
- Hospital Central "Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto" y Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México.
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Abstract
Increased incidence of skin cancers among airline cabin crew has been reported in several studies. We evaluated whether the difference in risk factor prevalence between Finnish airline cabin crew and the general population could explain the increased incidence of skin cancers among cabin crew, and the possible contribution of estimated occupational cosmic radiation exposure. A self-administered questionnaire survey on occupational, host, and ultraviolet radiation exposure factors was conducted among female cabin crew members and females presenting the general population. The impact of occupational cosmic radiation dose was estimated in a separate nested case-control analysis among the participating cabin crew (with 9 melanoma and 35 basal cell carcinoma cases). No considerable difference in the prevalence of risk factors of skin cancer was found between the cabin crew (N = 702) and the general population subjects (N = 1007) participating the study. The mean risk score based on all the conventional skin cancer risk factors was 1.43 for cabin crew and 1.44 for general population (P = 0.24). Among the cabin crew, the estimated cumulative cosmic radiation dose was not related to the increased skin cancer risk [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57-1.00]. The highest plausible risk of skin cancer for estimated cosmic radiation dose was estimated as 9% per 10 mSv. The skin cancer cases had higher host characteristics scores than the non-cases among cabin crew (adjusted OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.01-2.04). Our results indicate no difference between the female cabin crew and the general female population in the prevalence of factors generally associated with incidence of skin cancer. Exposure to cosmic radiation did not explain the excess of skin cancer among the studied cabin crew in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kojo
- STUK-Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, PO Box 14, FI-00880 Helsinki, Finland.
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Xiao F, Zhang JS, Zhao JY, Wu D. Regulation of Eaf2 in mouse lens cells apoptosis induced by ultraviolet radiation. Int J Ophthalmol 2012; 5:570-5. [PMID: 23166866 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2012.05.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the regulation of Eaf2 protein in mouse lens cells apoptosis induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. METHODS An eye of Eaf2 gene knockout mice or normal control mice was exposed to UV radiation, and the other one was non-exposed. All of lenses were analyzed by TUNEL and caspase 3 activity assays to determine the difference of the apoptosis induced by UV radiation. In addition, exposed and non-exposed lenses were analyzed by quantified p53 expression and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of Bax, Bid, Apaf-1, Puma and Noxa, to compare Eaf2 gene knockout mice and normal control mice. RESULTS UV radiation caused apoptosis of lens cells in normal control mice and Eaf2 knockout mice. Activity of caspase 3 was significantly higher in normal control mice than Eaf2 knockout mice. Expression of p53 protein was significantly higher in lenses exposed to UV radiation than nonexposed lenses, but was similar between Eaf2 gene knockout mice and normal control mice in the same UV condition. After exposing to UV radiation, the analysis of real-time RT-PCR demonstrated that mRNA levels of Puma and Noxa were significantly higher in lenses of normal control mice than Eaf2 gene knockout mice, and that mRNA levels of Bax, Bid and Apaf-1 were not significantly different between gene knockout mice and normal control mice. CONCLUSION Eaf2 increases lens cells apoptosis induced by ultraviolet radiation. And Eaf2 up-regulates expression of the Puma and the Noxa to act on lens cells apoptosis after UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110005, Liaoning Province, China
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Bhatia S, Garg A, Sharma K, Kumar S, Sharma A, Purohit AP. Mycosporine and mycosporine-like amino acids: A paramount tool against ultra violet irradiation. Pharmacogn Rev 2012; 5:138-46. [PMID: 22279371 PMCID: PMC3263047 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.91107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Various facts demonstrated that UVB is harmful to organisms. Sunscreen compounds are usually used to prevent the excessive damage caused by UVB. However, certain photosynthetic organisms have evolved mechanisms to counteract the toxicity of ultraviolet radiation by synthesizing UV screening compounds such as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). MAAs provide UV protection to primary and secondary consumers through food chain and to non-biological materials by photostabilizing action. Information related to the ecological consequence of MAAs and their spatial distribution from a wide range of organisms is accumulating. Hence, our studies seek a potent class of natural sun protective compounds to understand their relationship with environment and to develop a protocol for large-scale industrial production of these compounds so that they can find application as UV-protecting cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Bhatia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, P. D. M. College of Pharmacy, Bahadurgarh, Haryana, India
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Abstract
Adolescents seem to be obsessed with tanning. One third of both adolescents and adults report sunbathing. On average, about 20% of adolescents report ever-using of artificial UV tanning devices with 15% currently using them. Tanning attitudes appear similar for adolescents and adults. The top three reasons for tanning included beliefs that a tan makes them more comfortable socializing with friends, looks better and is attractive. The top reason for using artificial UV tanning devices is also aesthetics, followed by relaxation. Other reasons for using artificial UV tanning devices include vacation preparation and to gain a protective base. Attitudes related to appearance that result in more frequent tanning may be difficult to change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie K Dennis
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Dennis LK, Lowe JB, Snetselaar LG. Tanning behavior among young frequent tanners is related to attitudes and not lack of knowledge about the dangers. Health Educ J 2009; 68:232-243. [PMID: 22707763 PMCID: PMC3374486 DOI: 10.1177/0017896909345195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the importance of tanning among students in relation to attitudes and knowledge regarding skin cancer prevention. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey. SETTING: College students at a major Midwestern university METHODS: Students were recruited to complete a self-administered questionnaire that included information on sun-sensitivity, knowledge and tanning attitudes and behaviors. Survey sampling statistical techniques that account for clustering among the 163 students recruited were used. RESULTS: We found a high level of skin cancer prevention knowledge; however knowledge was not related to a reduction in the importance of tanning. In many cases, higher levels of knowledge corresponded to a greater emphasis on the importance of tanning. Sunscreen use was low among this population. Those who placed an importance on tanning more often checked that they believed that "sunless tanning creams are safer than the sun". CONCLUSIONS: This population's belief that they look healthier and feel better with a tan strongly influences the desire to tan. Therefore, future cancer information campaigns or other prevention efforts should directly address the desire to tan by encouraging the use of sunless tanning products as an alternative method of tanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie K Dennis
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is an integral part of the innate immune system and functions as an opsonin by binding to pathogens and certain apoptotic cells to promote their uptake by phagocytes. We recently identified an association of low-producing MBL polymorphisms with adult dermatomyositis (DM). Our model is that MBL deficiency leads to a defect in the clearance of apoptotic debris in the skin, thereby predisposing to photosensitive autoimmune disease. In this study, we sought to determine whether MBL binds within the epidermis, and to determine its source, and potential function of this binding. We demonstrated that the MBL is present in irradiated, but not in non-irradiated skin, and in irradiated skin it is bound to apoptotic keratinocytes (KC). We found that MBL is not made by KC, showing indirectly that it comes from an exogenous source, despite the fact that other complement components are made by KC and upregulated by ultraviolet irradiation. Finally, we demonstrated that non-KC-derived MBL bound to apoptotic KC in vitro and increased the uptake of these cells by dendritic cells. We hypothesize that MBL may facilitate non-inflammatory clearance of apoptotic debris in patients with photosensitive forms of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele L. Lokitz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Muhammad Bashir
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Gina Ang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eun Ji Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julie H. Lin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Victoria P. Werth
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
- Philadelphia V.A. Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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