1
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Hammad W, Sweidan N, Zarqa MA. A new flavonolignan from milk thistle ( Silybum marianum). J Asian Nat Prod Res 2024; 26:739-746. [PMID: 38329008 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2313535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A new flavonolignan, sonyamandin (1), along with other known compounds was isolated from the aerial parts and seeds extracts of Silybum marianum (milk thistle) collected from Jordan. The known ones are ursolic acid (2), oleanolic acid (3), maslinic acid (4), oleic acid (5), β-sitosterol (6), β-, sitosteryl glucoside (7), apigenin (8), kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside (9), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glycoside (10), isosylibin A (11), isosylibin B (12), and silybin B (13). The absolute stereochemistry of 1 was confirmed by 2D NMR and CD analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waed Hammad
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Nuha Sweidan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 961343, Jordan
| | - Musa Abu Zarqa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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2
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Majrashi TA, El Hassab MA, Mahmoud SH, Mostafa A, Wahsh EA, Elkaeed EB, Hassan FE, Eldehna WM, Abdelgawad SM. In vitro biological evaluation and in silico insights into the antiviral activity of standardized olive leaves extract against SARS-CoV-2. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301086. [PMID: 38662719 PMCID: PMC11045091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There is still a great global need for efficient treatments for the management of SARS-CoV-2 illness notwithstanding the availability and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations. Olive leaf is an herbal remedy with a potential antiviral activity that could improve the recovery of COVID-19 patients. In this work, the olive leaves major metabolites were screened in silico for their activity against SARS-CoV-2 by molecular docking on several viral targets such as methyl transferase, helicase, Plpro, Mpro, and RdRp. The results of in silico docking study showed that olive leaves phytoconstituents exhibited strong potential antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 selected targets. Verbacoside demonstrated a strong inhibition against methyl transferase, helicase, Plpro, Mpro, and RdRp (docking scores = -17.2, -20, -18.2, -19.8, and -21.7 kcal/mol.) respectively. Oleuropein inhibited 5rmm, Mpro, and RdRp (docking scores = -15, -16.6 and -18.6 kcal/mol., respectively) respectively. Apigenin-7-O-glucoside exhibited activity against methyl transferase and RdRp (docking score = -16.1 and -19.4 kcal/mol., respectively) while Luteolin-7-O-glucoside inhibited Plpro and RdRp (docking score = -15.2 and -20 kcal/mol., respectively). The in vitro antiviral assay was carried out on standardized olive leaf extract (SOLE) containing 20% oleuropein and IC50 was calculated. The results revealed that 20% SOLE demonstrated a moderate antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 with IC50 of 118.3 μg /mL. Accordingly, olive leaf could be a potential herbal therapy against SARS-CoV-2 but more in vivo and clinical investigations are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghreed A. Majrashi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A. El Hassab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Sara H. Mahmoud
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Engy A. Wahsh
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza Governorate, Egypt
| | - Eslam B. Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma E. Hassan
- Department of Physiology, General Medicine Practice Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Physiology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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3
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Wang X, Yu Z, Dong F, Li J, Niu P, Ta Q, Kan J, Ma C, Han M, Yu J, Zhao D, Li J. Clarifying the mechanism of apigenin against blood-brain barrier disruption in ischemic stroke using systems pharmacology. Mol Divers 2024; 28:609-630. [PMID: 36949297 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Currently, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is an effective therapy for ischemic stroke (IS). However, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a serious side effect of rtPA therapy and may lead to patients' death. The natural polyphenol apigenin has a good therapeutic effect on IS. Apigenin has potential BBB protection, but the mechanism by which it protects the BBB integrity is not clear. In this study, we used network pharmacology, bioinformatics, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation to reveal the mechanisms by which apigenin protects the BBB. Among the 146 targets of apigenin for the treatment of IS, 20 proteins were identified as core targets (e.g., MMP-9, TLR4, STAT3). Apigenin protects BBB integrity by inhibiting the activity of MMPs through anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress. These mechanisms included JAK/STAT, the toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and Nitrogen metabolism signaling pathways. The findings of this study contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of apigenin in the treatment of BBB disruption and provide ideas for the development of drugs to treat IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - ZiQiao Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Fuxiang Dong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Jinjian Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Ping Niu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Qiyi Ta
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - JunMing Kan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Chunyu Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Moxuan Han
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Junchao Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Dexi Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China.
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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Cazacu N, Stan DL, Târcă R, Chilom CG. Binding of flavonoids to yeast aldehyde dehydrogenase: a molecular mechanism and computational approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:11247-11254. [PMID: 36571489 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2160820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of three flavonoids, apigenin, fisetin and quercetin with yeast aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH was studied by spectroscopic and molecular docking methods. A combination of both static and dynamic processes interaction mechanism for the binding of flavonoids with ALDH was found. The interaction takes place with moderate binding and the interaction was driven by hydrophobic contacts. The microenvironments of the fluorescent amino acids changed upon flavonoids binding. The distances between ALDH and flavonoids determined by Förster Resonant Energy Transfer (FRET) confirmed the results obtained by fluorescence. The structure of ALDH against thermal denaturation was stabilized by apigenin and destabilized by fisetin and quercetin. Molecular docking simulation showed that all flavonoids bind to the same site of ALDH and confirmed the moderate binding straight found in fluorescence.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Cazacu
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Măgurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Diana L Stan
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Măgurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Raluca Târcă
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Măgurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Claudia G Chilom
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Măgurele, Ilfov, Romania
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Lee IG, Lee J, Hong SH, Seo YJ. Apigenin's Therapeutic Potential Against Viral Infection. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2023; 28:237. [PMID: 37919082 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2810237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Several antiviral drugs are clinically approved to treat influenza that is a highly prevalent acute respiratory disease. However, emerging drug-resistant virus strains undermine treatment efficacy, highlighting the exigency for novel antiviral drugs to counter these drug-resistant strains. Plants and their derivates have been historically utilized as medicinal remedies, and extensive studies have evidenced the antiviral potential of phytochemicals. Notably, apigenin is a predominant flavonoid with minimal toxicity and substantial therapeutic effects in various disease models. Despite its many anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and other beneficial bioactivities, existing reviews have yet to focus on apigenin's antiviral effects. Therefore, this review elucidates apigenin's therapeutic and antiviral properties in vitro and in vivo, discussing its mode of action and future prospects. Apigenin's remarkable inhibition by modulating multiple mechanisms against viruses has promising potential for novel plant-derived antiviral drugs and further clinical study developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Gu Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyeon Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hee Hong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 07804 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Seo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhou Y, Li Z, Zhang D, Zhang B. Screening of bioactive ingredients of Tsantan Sumtang in ameliorating H9c2 cells injury. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 285:114854. [PMID: 34808301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tsantan Sumtang (TS), a traditional Tibetan medicine, has been used in the clinic for the treatment of myocardial ischemia (MI) for ages, however, the bioactive ingredients that are responsible for improving MI remain unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the chemical components of TS and their medicinal efficacies at cell levels, in order to expound the bioactive ingredients in TS. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, a response-surface methodology was employed to determine the optimum ethanol reflux extraction process of polyphenols in TS (PTS) due to their close correlation with MI improvement. Second, a serum pharmacochemistry technique was used to analyze the compounds of PTS absorbed into the blood of rats. Third, hypoxia-, H2O2-, and adriamycin (ADM)-induced H9c2 cell injury models were used to investigate the cardioprotective effects of these compounds in vitro. Fourth, protective effects of isovitexin, quercitrin, and isoeugenol on mitochondrial function were further tested. RESULTS The optimum extraction conditions for obtaining PTS were an ethanol concentration of 78.22%, an extraction time of 67.4 min, and a material-liquid ratio of 1:72.60 mL/g. Serum pharmacochemistry analysis detected 21 compounds, of which 11 compounds were always present in the blood within 5 h. Cytotoxicity and the protective effect of 11 compounds in hypoxia-, H2O2-, and ADM-induced H9c2 cell injury models shown that isovitexin, quercitrin, and isoeugenol had almost no cytotoxicity, and they could elevate the survival rate in injured H9c2 cells. Furthermore, isovitexin, quercitrin, and isoeugenol could decrease mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) releasion, inhibite mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, ameliorate the change of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) to exert mitochondrial protection effect. CONCLUSION Isovitexin, quercitrin, and isoeugenol exhibited cardioprotective effect at cell levles, these three compounds might be the bioactive ingredients in TS. These findings elucidate the pharmacodynamic substances and mechanisms of TS, guiding its clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- College of Eco-environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, PR China.
| | - Zhanqiang Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, PR China
| | - Dejun Zhang
- College of Eco-environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, PR China
| | - Benyin Zhang
- College of Eco-environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, PR China
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Ding C, Shen H, Tian Z, Kang M, Ma J, He Q, Wang J, Zhang Y, Deng Y, Wang D. Protective effect of hawthorn vitexin on the ethanol-injured DNA of BRL-3A hepatocytes. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e28228. [PMID: 34918685 PMCID: PMC10545377 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Vitexin is a natural active ingredient in hawthorn leaves, which has a wide range of anti-tumor effects. This study was conducted to assess the protective effect of hawthorn vitexin on the ethanol-injured DNA of hepatocytes in vitro and to explore its mechanism. The effect of different concentrations of hawthorn vitexin on ethanol-injured hepatocytes was detected via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method to study the protective effect of hawthorn vitexin on ethanol-injured DNA damage in hepatocytes. Single-cell gel electrophoresis was used to observe the effect of hawthorn vitexin on ethanol-induced DNA damage in hepatocytes, and the Olive tail moment was measured. Cell physiological and biochemical indexes, such as superoxide dismutase activity, malonaldehyde content, and glutathione peroxidase activity, were detected with kits. The mRNA expression of the superoxide dismutase gene was measured via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. It was showed that 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg mL-1 hawthorn vitexin could significantly repair hepatocyte growth and ethanol-induced DNA damage. This effect was closely related to the improvement in superoxide dismutase, malonaldehyde, and glutathione peroxidase. Hawthorn vitexin could be used to repair ethanol-injured hepatocytes through antioxidation effects, and showed potential for the treatment of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshi Ding
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Henglun Shen
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Zhongjing Tian
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Meiling Kang
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Qing He
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Jinglong Wang
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Yingxia Zhang
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Yanmei Deng
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Deya Wang
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
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Hengphasatporn K, Kaewmalai B, Jansongsaeng S, Badavath VN, Saelee T, Chokmahasarn T, Khotavivattana T, Shigeta Y, Rungrotmongkol T, Boonyasuppayakorn S. Alkyne-Tagged Apigenin, a Chemical Tool to Navigate Potential Targets of Flavonoid Anti-Dengue Leads. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226967. [PMID: 34834059 PMCID: PMC8618255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A flavonoid is a versatile core structure with various cellular, immunological, and pharmacological effects. Recently, flavones have shown anti-dengue activities by interfering with viral translation and replication. However, the molecular target is still elusive. Here we chemically modified apigenin by adding an alkyne moiety into the B-ring hydroxyl group. The alkyne serves as a chemical tag for the alkyne-azide cycloaddition reaction for subcellular visualization. The compound located at the perinuclear region at 1 and 6 h after infection. Interestingly, the compound signal started shifting to vesicle-like structures at 6 h and accumulated at 24 and 48 h after infection. Moreover, the compound treatment in dengue-infected cells showed that the compound restricted the viral protein inside the vesicles, especially at 48 h. As a result, the dengue envelope proteins spread throughout the cells. The alkyne-tagged apigenin showed a more potent efficacy at the EC50 of 2.36 ± 0.22, and 10.55 ± 3.37 µM, respectively, while the cytotoxicities were similar to the original apigenin at the CC50 of 70.34 ± 11.79, and 82.82 ± 11.68 µM, respectively. Molecular docking confirmed the apigenin binding to the previously reported target, ribosomal protein S9, at two binding sites. The network analysis, homopharma, and molecular docking revealed that the estrogen receptor 1 and viral NS1 were potential targets at the late infection stage. The interactions could attenuate dengue productivity by interfering with viral translation and suppressing the viral proteins from trafficking to the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kowit Hengphasatporn
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan; (K.H.); (Y.S.)
| | - Benyapa Kaewmalai
- Applied Medical Virology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (B.K.); (V.N.B.); (T.S.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in Microbiology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Somruedee Jansongsaeng
- Center of Excellence for Natural Product, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.J.); (T.C.); (T.K.)
| | - Vishnu Nayak Badavath
- Applied Medical Virology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (B.K.); (V.N.B.); (T.S.)
| | - Thanaphon Saelee
- Applied Medical Virology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (B.K.); (V.N.B.); (T.S.)
| | - Thamonwan Chokmahasarn
- Center of Excellence for Natural Product, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.J.); (T.C.); (T.K.)
| | - Tanatorn Khotavivattana
- Center of Excellence for Natural Product, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.J.); (T.C.); (T.K.)
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan; (K.H.); (Y.S.)
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Siwaporn Boonyasuppayakorn
- Applied Medical Virology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (B.K.); (V.N.B.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Chiang YH, Wu YT, Lin LC, Tsai TH. Comparative biotransformation of luteolin and apigenin from the flower extract and the stem-and-leaf extract of Dendranthema morifolium Ramat. Tzvel. in rats. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:4934-4945. [PMID: 33543470 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The flower of Dendranthema morifolium Ramat Tzvel has been widely used as a nutritional health supplement worldwide. However, most of the studies have focused on the flower and the rest of the plant was neglected. Our hypothesis is that similar flavonoids may be present at different parts of D. morifolium, and the flavonoids may undergo a similar biotransformation pathway within the body. To investigate this hypothesis, an in vivo pharmacokinetic experimental model was developed to explore the comparative biotransformation of luteolin and apigenin after administration of D. morifolium extracts (10 g kg-1 , p.o.) in freely moving rats. Because luteolin and apigenin mainly underwent phase II metabolism, the metabolic enzymes of β-glucuronidase/sulfatase or β-glucuronidase were used to hydrolyze the plasma sample, depending on the biotransformation pathway involved. RESULTS The results revealed that luteolin and apigenin mainly went through glucuronide and sulfate conjugations, respectively, in both the extract of flowers and the stem-and-leaf group. In addition, the area under the concentration curve (AUClast ) of luteolin glucuronides and sulfates in the group administered the stem-and-leaf extract was approximately 4.6 times higher than that of the flower extract group. The dominant products of biotransformation for apigenin were sulfates. CONCLUSION These findings support our hypothesis that not only the flower parts of D. morifolium, but also the stem-and-leaf parts contain rich flavones, including glycosides and aglycone, and they undergo similar biotransformation pathways. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-He Chiang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tse Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Chwen Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan
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10
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Yang J, Wang X, Zhang C, Ma L, Wei T, Zhao Y, Peng X. Comparative study of inhibition mechanisms of structurally different flavonoid compounds on α-glucosidase and synergistic effect with acarbose. Food Chem 2021; 347:129056. [PMID: 33476922 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoid compounds have anti-diabetic activity, which can control blood glucose levels by inhibiting α-glucosidase activity. In this paper, the inhibition mechanisms between four flavonoid compounds and α-glucosidase were studied by multispectroscopic methods and molecular docking. The results showed that the inhibitory activities of flavonoid compounds were higher than that of acarbose, and the sequence of inhibition effect was scutellarein > nepetin > apigenin > hispidulin > acarbose. Also, the synergistic effects of flavonoid compounds combined with acarbose on inhibiting α-glucosidase activity were observed. The fluorescence results showed that flavonoid compounds combined with α-glucosidase to form a stable complex. And the spectral analysis indicated that the microenvironmental and secondary structure of α-glucosidase were changed. The present study demonstrated that the molecular structure of flavonoid compounds played an important role in the inhibition process, namely, scutellarein with more hydroxyl groups on the A-ring might serve as the most effective α-glucosidase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichen Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Chuanying Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Lun Ma
- Shaanxi Zhuyuanbang Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Tao Wei
- Shaanxi Zhuyuanbang Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Yajing Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xin Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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11
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Yahaya MAF, Bakar ARA, Stanslas J, Nordin N, Zainol M, Mehat MZ. Insights from molecular docking and molecular dynamics on the potential of vitexin as an antagonist candidate against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for microglial activation in neuroinflammation. BMC Biotechnol 2021; 21:38. [PMID: 34090414 PMCID: PMC8178909 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-021-00697-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation has been identified to be the key player in most neurodegenerative diseases. If neuroinflammation is left to be unresolved, chronic neuroinflammation will be establish. Such situation is due to the overly-activated microglia which have the tendency to secrete an abundance amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the neuron microenvironment. The abundance of pro-inflammatory cytokines will later cause toxic and death to neurons. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/MD-2 complex found on the cell surface of microglia is responsible for the attachment of LPS and activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) downstream signalling pathway. Albeit vitexin has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory property, however, little is known on its ability to bind at the binding site of TLR4/MD-2 complex of microglia as well as to be an antagonist for LPS. RESULTS The present study reveals that both vitexin and donepezil are able to bind at the close proximity of LPS binding site located at the TLR4/MD-2 complex with the binding energy of - 4.35 and - 9.14 kcal/mol, respectively. During molecular dynamic simulations, both vitexin and donepezil formed stable complex with TLR4/MD-2 throughout the 100 ns time length with the root mean square deviation (RMSD) values of 2.5 Å and 4.0 Å, respectively. The root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) reveals that both compounds are stable. Interestingly, the radius of gyration (rGyr) for donepezil shows notable fluctuations when compare with vitexin. The MM-GBSA results showed that vitexin has higher binding energy in comparison with donepezil. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the findings suggest that vitexin is able to bind at the binding site of TLR4/MD-2 complex with more stability than donepezil throughout the course of 100 ns simulation. Hence, vitexin has the potential to be an antagonist candidate for LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A F Yahaya
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A R Abu Bakar
- Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - J Stanslas
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N Nordin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Zainol
- Bioassay Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Centre (HMRC), Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institute of Health (NIH), Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Bandar Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Z Mehat
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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12
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Xi J, Rong Y, Zhao Z, Huang Y, Wang P, Luan H, Xing Y, Li S, Liao J, Dai Y, Liang J, Wu F. Scutellarin ameliorates high glucose-induced vascular endothelial cells injury by activating PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 271:113855. [PMID: 33485979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scutellarin (Scu) is one of the main active ingredients of Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz which has been used to treat cardiovascular disease including vascular dysfunction caused by diabetes. Scu also has a protective effect on vascular endothelial cells against hyperglycemia. However, molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY This aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Scu on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury induced by high glucose (HG), especially the regulation of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. MATERIALS AND METHODS HUVECs were exposed to HG to induce vascular endothelial cells injury in vitro. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. The extent of cell apoptosis was measured by Hoechst staining and flow cytometry. Mitophagy was assayed by fluorescent immunostaining, transmission electron microscope and immunoblot. Besides, virtual docking was conducted to validate the interaction of PINK1 protein and Scu. RESULTS We found that Scu significantly increased cell viability in HG-treated HUVECs. Scu reduces the expression of Bcl-2, Bax and cytochrome C (Cyt.c) to inhibit apoptosis through a mitochondria-dependent pathway. Meanwhile, Scu improved the overload of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and SOD2 protein expression, and reversed the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential. Besides, Scu increased autophagic flux, improved the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ (LC3 II), Beclin 1 and autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg 5) and decreased the expression of Sequestosome1/P62 in HG-treated HUVECs. Furthermore, Scu improved the expressions of PINK1, Parkin, and Mitofusin2, which revealed the enhancement of mitophagy. Moreover, the beneficial effects of Scu on HG-induced low expression of Parkin, overproduction of ROS, and over expressions of P62, Cyt.c and Cleaved caspase-3 were weakened by PINK1 gene knockdown. Molecular docking suggested good interaction of Scu and PINK1 protein. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Scu may protect vascular endothelial cells against hyperglycemia-induced injury by up-regulating mitophagy via PINK1/Parkin signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiao Xi
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yuezhao Rong
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zifeng Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yihai Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Pu Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Huiling Luan
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yan Xing
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jun Liao
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Yue Dai
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jingyu Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Feihua Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Shabbir W, Yang KHS, Sadek B, Oz M. Apigenin and Structurally Related Flavonoids Allosterically Potentiate the Function of Human α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Expressed in SH-EP1 Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051110. [PMID: 34062982 PMCID: PMC8147998 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals, such as monoterpenes, polyphenols, curcuminoids, and flavonoids, are known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and procognitive effects. In this study, the effects of several polyhydroxy flavonoids, as derivatives of differently substituted 5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one including apigenin, genistein, luteolin, kaempferol, quercetin, gossypetin, and phloretin with different lipophilicities (cLogP), as well as topological polar surface area (TPSA), were tested for induction of Ca2+ transients by α7 human nicotinic acetylcholine (α7 nACh) receptors expressed in SH-EP1 cells. Apigenin (10 μM) caused a significant potentiation of ACh (30 μM)-induced Ca2+ transients, but did not affect Ca2+ transients induced by high K+ (60 mM) containing solutions. Co-application of apigenin with ACh was equally effective as apigenin preincubation. However, the effect of apigenin significantly diminished by increasing ACh concentrations. The flavonoids tested also potentiated α7 nACh mediated Ca2+ transients with descending potency (highest to lowest) by genistein, gossypetin, kaempferol, luteolin, phloretin, quercetin, and apigenin. The specific binding of α7 nACh receptor antagonist [125I]-bungarotoxin remained unchanged in the presence of any of the tested polyhydroxy flavonoids, suggesting that these compounds act as positive allosteric modulators of the α7-nACh receptor in SH-EP1 cells. These findings suggest a clinical potential for these phytochemicals in the treatment of various human diseases from pain to inflammation and neural disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed Shabbir
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2140, USA;
| | - Keun-Hang Susan Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA;
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Murat Oz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
- Correspondence:
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Desmet NM, Dhusia K, Qi W, Doseff AI, Bhattacharya S, Gilad AA. Bioengineering of Genetically Encoded Gene Promoter Repressed by the Flavonoid Apigenin for Constructing Intracellular Sensor for Molecular Events. Biosensors (Basel) 2021; 11:bios11050137. [PMID: 33924783 PMCID: PMC8147076 DOI: 10.3390/bios11050137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, Synthetic Biology has emerged as a new discipline where functions that were traditionally performed by electronic devices are replaced by "cellular devices"; genetically encoded circuits constructed of DNA that are built from biological parts (aka bio-parts). The cellular devices can be used for sensing and responding to natural and artificial signals. However, a major challenge in the field is that the crosstalk between many cellular signaling pathways use the same signaling endogenous molecules that can result in undesired activation. To overcome this problem, we utilized a specific promoter that can activate genes with a natural, non-toxic ligand at a highly-induced transcription level with low background or undesirable off-target expression. Here we used the orphan aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor that upon activation binds to specific AHR response elements (AHRE) of the Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1) promoter. Flavonoids have been identified as AHR ligands. Data presented here show the successful creation of a synthetic gene "off" switch that can be monitored directly using an optical reporter gene. This is the first step towards bioengineering of a synthetic, nanoscale bio-part for constructing a sensor for molecular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Desmet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (N.M.D.); (K.D.); (W.Q.); (S.B.)
- Division of Synthetic Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kalyani Dhusia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (N.M.D.); (K.D.); (W.Q.); (S.B.)
| | - Wenjie Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (N.M.D.); (K.D.); (W.Q.); (S.B.)
| | - Andrea I. Doseff
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sudin Bhattacharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (N.M.D.); (K.D.); (W.Q.); (S.B.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Assaf A. Gilad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (N.M.D.); (K.D.); (W.Q.); (S.B.)
- Division of Synthetic Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence:
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Méndez-López LF, Caboni P, Arredondo-Espinoza E, Carrizales-Castillo JJJ, Balderas-Rentería I, Camacho-Corona MDR. Bioassay-Guided Identification of the Antiproliferative Compounds of Cissus trifoliata and the Transcriptomic Effect of Resveratrol in Prostate Cancer Pc3 Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082200. [PMID: 33920405 PMCID: PMC8070146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioassay-guided fractionation of a CHCl3-MeOH extract from the stems of Cissus trifoliata identified an active fraction against PC3 prostate cancer cells. The treatment for 24 h showed an 80% reduction in cell viability (p ≤ 0.05) by a WST-1 assay at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. The HPLC-QTOF-MS analysis of the fraction showed the presence of coumaric and isoferulic acids, apigenin, kaempferol, chrysoeriol, naringenin, ursolic and betulinic acids, hexadecadienoic and octadecadienoic fatty acids, and the stilbene resveratrol. The exposure of PC3 cells to resveratrol (IC25 = 23 μg/mL) for 24 h induced significant changes in 847 genes (Z-score ≥ ±2). The functional classification tool of the DAVID v6.8 platform indicates that the underlying molecular mechanisms against the proliferation of PC3 cells were associated (p ≤ 0.05) with the process of differentiation and metabolism. These findings provide experimental evidence suggesting the potential of C. trifoliata as a promising natural source of anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fernando Méndez-López
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66451, Mexico; (E.A.-E.); (J.J.J.C.-C.); (I.B.-R.)
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Publica, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 66460, Mexico
- Correspondence: (L.F.M.-L.); ; (M.d.R.C.-C.); Tel.: +52-81-8329-4000-3414 (M.d.R.C.-C.)
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- Dipartamento Scienze della vita e dell’ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Eder Arredondo-Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66451, Mexico; (E.A.-E.); (J.J.J.C.-C.); (I.B.-R.)
| | - Juan J. J. Carrizales-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66451, Mexico; (E.A.-E.); (J.J.J.C.-C.); (I.B.-R.)
| | - Isaías Balderas-Rentería
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66451, Mexico; (E.A.-E.); (J.J.J.C.-C.); (I.B.-R.)
| | - María del Rayo Camacho-Corona
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66451, Mexico; (E.A.-E.); (J.J.J.C.-C.); (I.B.-R.)
- Correspondence: (L.F.M.-L.); ; (M.d.R.C.-C.); Tel.: +52-81-8329-4000-3414 (M.d.R.C.-C.)
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Che Zain MS, Osman MF, Lee SY, Shaari K. UHPLC-UV/PDA Method Validation for Simultaneous Quantification of Luteolin and Apigenin Derivatives from Elaeis guineensis Leaf Extracts: An Application for Antioxidant Herbal Preparation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041084. [PMID: 33669484 PMCID: PMC7922162 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin and apigenin derivatives present in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) leaves (OPL) are reported to possess excellent antioxidant properties relating to numerous health benefits. To meet the global demand for flavonoids, OPL, which is plentifully generated as an agricultural by-product from oil palm plantations, can be further exploited as a new source of natural antioxidant compounds. However, to produce a standardized herbal preparation, validation of the quantification method for these compounds is required. Therefore, in this investigation, we developed and validated an improved and rapid analytical method, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with ultraviolet/photodiode array (UHPLC-UV/PDA) for the quantification of 12 luteolin and apigenin derivatives, particularly focusing on flavonoid isomeric pairs: orientin/isoorientin and vitexin/isovitexin, present in various OPL extracts. Several validation parameters were assessed, resulting in the UHPLC-UV/PDA technique offering good specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness, where the values were within acceptable limits. Subsequently, the validated method was employed to quantify luteolin and apigenin derivatives from OPL subjected to different drying treatments and extraction with various solvent systems, giving total luteolin (TLC) and apigenin content (TAC) in the range of 2.04-56.30 and 1.84-160.38 µg/mg extract, respectively. Additionally, partial least square (PLS) analysis disclosed the combination of freeze dry-aqueous methanol yielded OPL extracts with high TLC and TAC, which are strongly correlated with antioxidant activity. Therefore, we provide the first validation report of the UHPLC-UV/PDA method for quantification of luteolin and apigenin derivatives present in various OPL extracts, suggesting that this approach could be employed in standardized herbal preparations by adopting orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, and isovitexin as chemical markers.
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Tantowi NACA, Mohamed S, Lau SF, Hussin P. Comparison of diclofenac with apigenin-glycosides rich Clinacanthus nutans extract for amending inflammation and catabolic protease regulations in osteoporotic-osteoarthritis rat model. Daru 2020; 28:443-453. [PMID: 32388789 PMCID: PMC7704886 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-020-00343-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporotic-osteoarthritis is an incapacitating musculoskeletal illness of the aged. OBJECTIVES The anti-inflammatory and anti-catabolic actions of Diclofenac were compared with apigenin-C-glycosides rich Clinacanthus nutans (CN) leaf extract in osteoporotic-osteoarthritis rats. METHODS Female Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into five groups (n = 6). Four groups were bilateral ovariectomised for osteoporosis development, and osteoarthritis were induced by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the right knee joints. The Sham group was sham-operated, received saline injection and deionized drinking water. The treatment groups were orally given 200 or 400 mg extract/kg body weight or 5 mg diclofenac /kg body weight daily for 28 days. Articular cartilage and bone changes were monitored by gross and histological structures, micro-CT analysis, serum protein biomarkers, and mRNA expressions for inflammation and catabolic protease genes. RESULTS HPLC analysis confirmed that apigenin-C-glycosides (shaftoside, vitexin, and isovitexin) were the major compounds in the extract. The extract significantly and dose-dependently reduced cartilage erosion, bone loss, cartilage catabolic changes, serum osteoporotic-osteoarthritis biomarkers (procollagen-type-II-N-terminal-propeptide PIINP; procollagen-type-I-N-terminal-propeptide PINP; osteocalcin), inflammation (IL-1β) and mRNA expressions for nuclear-factor-kappa-beta NF-κβ, interleukin-1-beta IL-1β, cyclooxygenase-2; and matrix-metalloproteinase-13 MMP13 activities, in osteoporotic-osteoarthritis rats comparable to Diclofenac. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that apigenin-C-glycosides at 400 mg CN extract/kg (about 0.2 mg apigenin-equivalent/kg) is comparable to diclofenac in suppressing inflammation and catabolic proteases for osteoporotic-osteoarthritis prevention. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Adeelah Che Ahmad Tantowi
- UPM-MAKNA Laboratory of Cancer Research, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancashire, UK
| | - Suhaila Mohamed
- UPM-MAKNA Laboratory of Cancer Research, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Seng Fong Lau
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Paisal Hussin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
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Ninfali P, Antonelli A, Magnani M, Scarpa ES. Antiviral Properties of Flavonoids and Delivery Strategies. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092534. [PMID: 32825564 PMCID: PMC7551920 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the latest advancements in phytochemicals as functional antiviral agents. We focused on flavonoids, like apigenin, vitexin, quercetin, rutin and naringenin, which have shown a wide range of biological effects including antiviral activities. The molecular mechanisms of their antiviral effects mainly consist in the inhibition of viral neuraminidase, proteases and DNA/RNA polymerases, as well as in the modification of various viral proteins. Mixtures of different flavonoids or combination of flavonoids with antiviral synthetic drugs provide an enhancement of their antiviral effects. Recent strategies in drug delivery significantly contribute to overcoming the low bioavailability of flavonoids. Frequent viral infections worldwide have led to the need for new effective antiviral agents, which can be identified among the various phytochemicals. In this light, screening the antiviral activities of a cocktail of flavonoids would be advantageous in order to prevent viral infections and improve current antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mauro Magnani
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (E.S.S.); Tel.: +39-0722-305-211 (M.M.); +39-0722-305-252 (E.S.S.)
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Świeca M, Herok A, Piwowarczyk K, Sikora M, Ostanek P, Gawlik-Dziki U, Kapusta I, Czyż J. Potentially Bioaccessible Phenolics from Mung Bean and Adzuki Bean Sprouts Enriched with Probiotic-Antioxidant Properties and Effect on the Motility and Survival of AGS Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25132963. [PMID: 32605155 PMCID: PMC7411954 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25132963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric digests from mung (MBS) and adzuki (ABS) bean sprouts enriched with probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299v were tested for their antioxidant potential, as well as antiproliferative and antimotility properties, in human stomach cancer cells (AGS). The digest of ABS contained quercetin and kaempferol derivates, while kaempferol and apigenin derivates were dominant in MBS. Compared to the controls, the probiotic-rich sprouts had a higher antioxidant potential—by 13% and 9%, respectively. Adzuki bean sprouts decreased the viability of AGS already at low concentrations (25% motility inhibitions). MBS and ABS displayed dose-independent cytostatic effects. The ABS extracts decreased the proliferation of AGS more effectively than the MBS extracts—0.2‰ ABS exerted c.a. 70% of inhibitions. Moreover, the phytochemicals from the probiotic-rich sprouts considerably reduced this activity. The increased vinculin level, the apoptotic shape of cell nuclei, and the reduced cell motility and proliferation indicate that the extracts exhibited cytostatic and cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Świeca
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (P.O.); (U.G.-D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-462-33-96; Fax: +48-81-462-33-24
| | - Anna Herok
- Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa Str. 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland; (A.H.); (K.P.); (J.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Piwowarczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa Str. 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland; (A.H.); (K.P.); (J.C.)
| | - Małgorzata Sikora
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (P.O.); (U.G.-D.)
| | - Patryk Ostanek
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (P.O.); (U.G.-D.)
| | - Urszula Gawlik-Dziki
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (P.O.); (U.G.-D.)
| | - Ireneusz Kapusta
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Rzeszów University, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Czyż
- Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa Str. 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland; (A.H.); (K.P.); (J.C.)
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20
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Koysu P, Genc N, Elmastas M, Aksit H, Erenler R. Isolation, identification of secondary metabolites from Salvia absconditiflora and evaluation of their antioxidative properties. Nat Prod Res 2019; 33:3592-3595. [PMID: 30445824 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1488700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Salvia absconditiflora Greuter & Burdet (Synonym Salvia cryptantha Montbret & Aucher ex Benth) has been used extensively for traditional medicine. The aerial of plant material was boiled in water then filtrated. The filtrate was partitioned with ethyl acetate and n-butanol sequentially to yield the ethyl acetate and n-butanol extract. A sample of water was lyophilized to yield the water extract. Ethyl acetate extract revealed the highest antioxidant activity and included the most phenolic compounds among the extracts. Hence, ethyl acetate extract was subjected to chromatographic techniques. Ursolic acid (1), crismaritin (2), luteolin (3), rosmarinic acid methyl ester (4), 3,4-dihydroxyl benzaldehyde (protocatechuic aldehyde) (5), caffeic acid (6), apigenin-7-O-β-glucoside (7), rosmarinic acid (8) and luteolin-7-O-β-glucoside (9) were isolated and the structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D, 2D NMR, and LC-TOF/MS. Cirsimaritin (2), luteolin (3), rosmarinic acid methyl ester (4), rosmarinic acid (8), luteolin-7-O-β-glucoside (9) displayed the considerable antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perihan Koysu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziosmanpasa University , Tokat , Turkey
| | - Nusret Genc
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziosmanpasa University , Tokat , Turkey
| | - Mahfuz Elmastas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Huseyin Aksit
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan University , Erzincan , Turkey
| | - Ramazan Erenler
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziosmanpasa University , Tokat , Turkey
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21
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Chen Y, Chen WN, Hu N, Banwell MG, Ma C, Gardiner MG, Lan P. Cytotoxicity and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Apigenin-Derived Isolaxifolin. J Nat Prod 2019; 82:2451-2459. [PMID: 31465218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The rare flavonoid isolaxifolin, a potent insecticide, has been touted as a potential grain-protecting agent. In order to assess any impact of this natural product on human health and to explore its various other biological properties, we have established a semisynthesis from the simpler but structurally related and more abundant natural product apigenin. The five-step reaction sequence has provided, for the first time, sufficient material for an in-depth evaluation of the cytotoxic properties of the title natural product. The impact of isolaxifolin on certain pro-inflammatory cytokines in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells has also been examined. Such studies have revealed that isolaxifolin displays no toxic effects toward normal cells while displaying greater cytotoxicities against certain cancer cell lines than its synthetic precursor apigenin. Furthermore, unlike apigenin, isolaxifolin only reduced NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 secretions in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells in a rather modest and dose-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Chen
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Na Chen
- College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Hu
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Martin G Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory 2601 , Australia
| | - Chenxi Ma
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory 2601 , Australia
| | - Michael G Gardiner
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory 2601 , Australia
| | - Ping Lan
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
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22
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Mechri B, Tekaya M, Hammami M, Chehab H. Root verbascoside and oleuropein are potential indicators of drought resistance in olive trees (Olea europaea L.). Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 141:407-414. [PMID: 31228797 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are constituents of all higher plants. However, their biosynthesis is often induced when plants are exposed to abiotic stresses, such as drought. The aim of the present work was to determine the phenolic status in the roots of olive trees grown under water deficit conditions. The results revealed that roots of water-stressed plants had a higher content of total phenols. The main compound detected in well-watered olive tree roots was verbascoside. Oleuropein was established as the predominant phenolic compound of water-stressed plants. The oleuropein/verbascoside ratio varied between 0.31 and 6.02 in well-watered and water-stressed plants respectively, which could be a useful indicator of drought tolerance in olive trees. Furthermore, this study is the first to provide experimental evidence showing that luteolin-7-rutinoside, luteolin-7-glucoside and apigenin-7-glucoside were the dominant flavonoid glucosides in olive tree roots and showed the most significant variations under water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beligh Mechri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, USCR Mass Spectrometry, LR-NAFS/LR12ES05 Nutrition Functional Foods and Vascular Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Meriem Tekaya
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, USCR Mass Spectrometry, LR-NAFS/LR12ES05 Nutrition Functional Foods and Vascular Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, USCR Mass Spectrometry, LR-NAFS/LR12ES05 Nutrition Functional Foods and Vascular Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hechmi Chehab
- The Olive Tree Institute, Unit Specializing in Sousse, Ibn Khaldoun Street B.P. 14, 4061, Sousse, Tunisia
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Lee IC, Bae JS. Hepatoprotective effects of vicenin-2 and scolymoside through the modulation of inflammatory pathways. J Nat Med 2019; 74:90-97. [PMID: 31350693 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-019-01348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two structurally related flavonoids found in Cyclopia subternata, vicenin-2 (VCN) and scolymoside (SCL) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver failure in mice and to elucidate underlying mechanisms. Mice were treated intravenously with VCN or SCL at 12 h after LPS treatment. LPS significantly increased mortality, serum levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and inflammatory cytokines, and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein expression; these effects of LPS were inhibited by VCN or SCL. It also attenuated the LPS-induced activation of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 and TLR-associated activator of interferon-dependent signaling pathways of the TLR system. Our results suggest that VCN or SCL protects against LPS-induced liver damage by inhibiting the TLR-mediated inflammatory pathway, indicating its potential to treat liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Chul Lee
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Seowon University, Cheongju, 28674, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, 80 Dahak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Hawrył A, Hawrył M, Waksmundzka-Hajnos M. Liquid chromatography fingerprint analysis and antioxidant activity of selected lavender species with chemometric calculations. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218974. [PMID: 31287826 PMCID: PMC6615620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracts of seven Lavandulae species (Lavandula stoechas, Lavandula lanata, Lavandula viridis, Lavandula angustifolia "Rosea", Lavandula angustifolia "Afropurpurea", Lavandula angustifolia and one unknown) were analyzed using the reversed-phase-high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (RP-HPLC-DAD) with gradient elution technique to obtain the chromatographic fingerprint profiles. The HPLC analysis was performed using the Kinetex RP18 chromatographic column and eluent consisting of methanol-water-0.1% formic acid (5-100% (v/v)) at 30 °C with the run time of 60 min. and the detection wavelength 280 nm. The chromatograms were preliminary processed with the smoothing, noise reduction, background subtraction and alignment using the SpecAlign program (version 2.4.1). The presence of selected standards (apigenin, myricetin, luteolin, luteolin 7-glucoside, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid) in the extracts was confirmed. The chemical similarity between studied plants was evaluated using the Cluster Analysis (Pearson correlation coefficient, r, and Euclidean) and PCA. The preliminary antioxidant activity of studied extracts was evaluated based on the total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteu method), ferric ion reducing antioxidant parameter (FRAP) and α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method using the spectrophotometric technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hawrył
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Mirosław Hawrył
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Waksmundzka-Hajnos
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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25
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Gurunathan S, Jeyaraj M, Kang MH, Kim JH. The Effects of Apigenin-Biosynthesized Ultra-Small Platinum Nanoparticles on the Human Monocytic THP-1 Cell Line. Cells 2019; 8:E444. [PMID: 31083475 PMCID: PMC6562931 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) are considered non-toxic; however, toxicity depends on the size, dose, and physico-chemical properties of materials. Owing to unique physico-chemical properties, PtNPs have emerged as a material of interest for several biomedical applications, particularly therapeutics. The adverse effect of PtNPs on the human monocytic cell line (THP-1) is not well-established and remains elusive. Exposure to PtNPs may trigger oxidative stress and eventually lead to inflammation. To further understand the toxicological properties of PtNPs, we studied the effect of biologically synthesized ultra-small PtNPs on cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and proinflammatory responses in the human monocytic cell line (THP-1). Our observations clearly indicated that PtNPs induce cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner by reducing cell viability and proliferation. The cytotoxicity of THP-1 cells correlated with an increase in the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase, generation of reactive oxygen species, and production of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and carbonylated proteins. The involvement of mitochondria in cytotoxicity and genotoxicity was confirmed by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, lower ATP level, and upregulation of proapoptotic and downregulation of antiapoptotic genes. Decreases in the levels of antioxidants such as reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSH: GSSG), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and thioredoxin (TRX) were indicative of oxidative stress. Apoptosis was confirmed with the significant upregulation of key apoptosis-regulating genes. Oxidative DNA damage was confirmed by the increase in the levels of 8-oxodG and 8-oxoG and upregulation of DNA damage and repair genes. Finally, the proinflammatory responses to PtNPs was determined by assessing the levels of multiple cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). All the cytokines were significantly upregulated in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, these observations suggest that THP-1 cells were vulnerable to biologically synthesized ultra-small PtNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul -05029, Korea.
| | - Muniyandi Jeyaraj
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul -05029, Korea.
| | - Min-Hee Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul -05029, Korea.
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul -05029, Korea.
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26
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Piri E, Mahmoodi Sourestani M, Khaleghi E, Mottaghipisheh J, Zomborszki ZP, Hohmann J, Csupor D. Chemo-Diversity and Antiradical Potential of Twelve Matricaria chamomilla L. Populations from Iran: Proof of Ecological Effects. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071315. [PMID: 30987223 PMCID: PMC6479860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Matricaria chamomilla L. is a popular medicinal herb that is used for healing various diseases and is widely distributed worldwide in temperate climate zones, and even in the subtropical climate of Southern and Western Iran. This study was aimed at comparing the volatile oil constituents, along with antiradical potential and HPLC analysis of methanolic extracts from twelve plant samples growing in Iran. The present research was carried out for the first time on these populations. Among seventeen identified volatile chemicals evaluated by GC/MS and GC/FID, representing 92.73–97.71% of the total oils, α-bisabolone oxide A (45.64–65.41%) was the major constituent, except in case of “Sarableh” as a new chemotype, where (E)- and (Z)-γ-bisabolene (42.76 and 40.08%, respectively) were the predominant components. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes (53.31–74.52%) were the most abundant compounds in the samples excluding “Sarableh” with 91.3% sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. “Sarableh” also exerted the most potent antioxidant capacity with EC50 = 7.76 ± 0.3 µg/mL and 6.51 ± 0.63 mmol TE (Trolox® equivalents)/g. In addition, populations “Lali” and “Bagh Malek” contained the highest amounts of apigenin and luteolin with 1.19 ± 0.01 mg/g and 2.20 ± 0.0 mg/g of plant material, respectively. Our findings depict a clear correlation between phytochemical profiles and antiradical potential of M. chamomilla and geographical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Piri
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-43311, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mahmoodi Sourestani
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-43311, Iran.
| | - Esmaeil Khaleghi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-43311, Iran.
| | - Javad Mottaghipisheh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | | | - Judit Hohmann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Dezső Csupor
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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27
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Aranaz P, Navarro-Herrera D, Zabala M, Miguéliz I, Romo-Hualde A, López-Yoldi M, Martínez JA, Vizmanos JL, Milagro FI, González-Navarro CJ. Phenolic Compounds Inhibit 3T3-L1 Adipogenesis Depending on the Stage of Differentiation and Their Binding Affinity to PPARγ. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061045. [PMID: 30884812 PMCID: PMC6470710 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds might modulate adiposity. Here, we report our observation that polyphenols and phenolic acids inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 with different intensity depending on the family and the stage of differentiation. While quercetin and resveratrol inhibited lipid accumulation along the whole process of differentiation, apigenin and myricetin were active during the early and latest stages, but not intermediate, contrary to hesperidin. The activity of phenolic acids was limited to the early stages of the differentiation process, except p-coumaric and ellagic acids. This anti-adipogenic effect was accompanied by down-regulation of Scd1 and Lpl. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the inhibitory activity of these phenolic compounds over the early stages of adipogenesis exhibits a significant correlation (r = 0.7034; p = 0.005) with their binding affinity to the ligand-binding domain of PPARγ. Results show that polyphenols and phenolic acids would interact with specific residues of the receptor, which could determine their potential anti-adipogenic activity during the early stages of the differentiation. Residues Phe264, His266, Ile281, Cys285 and Met348 are the most frequently involved in these interactions, which might suggest a crucial role for these amino acids modulating the activity of the receptor. These data contribute to elucidate the possible mechanisms of phenolic compounds in the control of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Aranaz
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - David Navarro-Herrera
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - María Zabala
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Itziar Miguéliz
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Ana Romo-Hualde
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Miguel López-Yoldi
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute of Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn); Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Luis Vizmanos
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Fermín I Milagro
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute of Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn); Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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28
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Salehi B, Venditti A, Sharifi-Rad M, Kręgiel D, Sharifi-Rad J, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Santini A, Souto EB, Novellino E, Antolak H, Azzini E, Setzer WN, Martins N. The Therapeutic Potential of Apigenin. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1305. [PMID: 30875872 PMCID: PMC6472148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several plant bioactive compounds have exhibited functional activities that suggest they could play a remarkable role in preventing a wide range of chronic diseases. The largest group of naturally-occurring polyphenols are the flavonoids, including apigenin. The present work is an updated overview of apigenin, focusing on its health-promoting effects/therapeutic functions and, in particular, results of in vivo research. In addition to an introduction to its chemistry, nutraceutical features have also been described. The main key findings from in vivo research, including animal models and human studies, are summarized. The beneficial indications are reported and discussed in detail, including effects in diabetes, amnesia and Alzheimer's disease, depression and insomnia, cancer, etc. Finally, data on flavonoids from the main public databases are gathered to highlight the apigenin's key role in dietary assessment and in the evaluation of a formulated diet, to determine exposure and to investigate its health effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran.
| | - Alessandro Venditti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61663-335, Iran.
| | - Dorota Kręgiel
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35198-99951, Iran.
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Polo III-Saúde 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Hubert Antolak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Elena Azzini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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29
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Feng X, Li Y, Guang C, Qiao M, Wang T, Chai L, Qiu F. Characterization of the In Vivo and In Vitro Metabolites of Linarin in Rat Biosamples and Intestinal Flora Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2018; 23:E2140. [PMID: 30149616 PMCID: PMC6225362 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Linarin, a flavone glycoside, is considered to be a promising natural product due to its diverse pharmacological activities, including analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. In this research, the metabolites of linarin in rat intestinal flora and biosamples were characterized using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS). Three ring cleavage metabolites (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde and phloroglucinol) were detected after linarin was incubated with rat intestinal flora. A total of 17 metabolites, including one ring cleavage metabolite (phloroglucinol), were identified in rat biosamples after oral administration of linarin. These results indicate that linarin was able to undergo ring fission metabolism in intestinal flora and that hydrolysis, demethylation, glucuronidation, sulfation, glycosylation, methylation and ring cleavage were the major metabolic pathways. This study provides scientific support for the understanding of the metabolism of linarin and contributes to the further development of linarin as a drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchi Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Chenxi Guang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Miao Qiao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Liwei Chai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Zheng YZ, Chen DF, Deng G, Guo R. The Substituent Effect on the Radical Scavenging Activity of Apigenin. Molecules 2018; 23:E1989. [PMID: 30103379 PMCID: PMC6222755 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids widely found in natural foods are excellent free radical scavengers. The relationship between the substituent and antioxidative activity of flavonoids has not yet been completely elucidated. In this work, the antioxidative activity of apigenin derivatives with different substituents at the C3 position was determined by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), ionization potential (IP), and proton affinity (PA) were calculated. Donator acceptor map (DAM) analysis illustrated that the studied compounds are worse electron acceptors than F and also are not better electron donors than Na. The strongest antioxidative group of apigenin derivatives was the same as apigenin. Excellent correlations were found between the BDE/IP/PA and Hammett sigma constants. Therefore, Hammett sigma constants can be used to predict the antioxidative activity of substituted apigenin and to design new antioxidants based on flavonoids. In non-polar phases, the antioxidative activity of apigenin was increased by the electron-withdrawing groups, while it was reduced by the electron-donating groups. Contrary results occurred in the polar phase. The electronic effect of the substituents on BDE(4'-OH), BDE(5-OH), PA(4'-OH), and IP is mainly controlled by the resonance effect, while that on BDE(7-OH), PA(5-OH), and PA(7-OH) is governed by the field/inductive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhen Zheng
- College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Da-Fu Chen
- College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Geng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Rui Guo
- College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Abstract
Apigenin, a flavone abundant in parsley and celery, is known to act on several CNS receptors, but its very poor water solubility (<0.001 mg/mL) impedes its absorption in vivo and prevents clinical use. Herein, apigenin was directly conjugated with glycine, l-phenylalanine, and l-lysine to give the corresponding carbamate derivatives, all of which were much more soluble than apigenin itself (0.017, 0.018, and 0.13 mg/mL, respectively). The Lys-apigenin carbamate 10 had a temporary sedative effect on the mice within 5 min of intraperitoneal administration (single dose of 0.4 mg/g) and could be detected in the mice brain tissues at a concentration of 0.82 μg/g of intact Lys-apigenin carbamate 10 and 0.42 ug/g of apigenin at 1.5 h. This study accomplished the delivery of apigenin across the BBB in a manner that might be applicable to other congeners, which should inform the future development of BBB-crossing flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yun Wong
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shian Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology , National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Lih-Ching Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wha Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology , National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Pi-Hui Liang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
- The Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei 128 , Taiwan
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Brauch D, Porzel A, Schumann E, Pillen K, Mock HP. Changes in isovitexin-O-glycosylation during the development of young barley plants. Phytochemistry 2018; 148:11-20. [PMID: 29421507 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids are a class of plant natural products that have many biological functions, including stress defence. In barley, phenylpropanoids have been described as having protective properties against excess UV-B radiation and have been linked to resistance to pathogens. Although the phenylpropanoid composition of barley has recently been addressed in more detail, the biosynthesis and regulation of this pathway have not been fully established. Barley introgression lines, such as the S42IL-population offer a set of genetically diverse plants that enable the correlation of metabolic data to distinct genetic regions on the barley genome and, subsequently, identification of relevant genes. The phenylpropanoid profiles of the first and third leaf of barley seedlings in Scarlett and four members of the S42IL-population were obtained by LC-MS. Comparison of the leaf profiles revealed a change in the glycosylation pattern of the flavone-6-C-glucoside isovitexin in the elite cultivar Scarlett. The change was characterized by the stepwise decrease in isovitexin-7-O-glucoside (saponarin) and an increase in isovitexin-2″-O-β-D-glucoside content. The lines S42IL-101-, -177 and -178 were completely devoid of isovitexin-2″-O-β-D-glucoside. Parallel glucosyltransferase assays were consistent with the observed metabolic patterns. The genetic region responsible for this metabolic effect was located on chromosome 1H between 0.21 and 15.08 cM, encompassing 505 gene candidates in the genome of the sequenced cultivar Morex. Only one of these genes displayed sequence similarity with glucosyltransferases of plant secondary metabolism that possessed the characteristic PSPG motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Brauch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Erika Schumann
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Klaus Pillen
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany.
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33
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Ojo OA, Ojo AB, Ajiboye BO, Oyinloye BE, Akinyemi AJ, Okesola MA, Boligon AA, de Campos MMA. Chromatographic fingerprint analysis, antioxidant properties, and inhibition of cholinergic enzymes (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) of phenolic extracts from Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O'Rorke) Baill bark. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 29:217-224. [PMID: 29381472 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irvingia gabonensis stem bark is a medicinal plant used in most parts of Africa to manage a number of ailments including neurodegenerative diseases that occur without scientific basis. This work characterized the phenolic composition, evaluated the cholinergic enzymes (acetylcholinesterase, AChE and butyrylcholinesterase, BChE) inhibition, and assessed the antioxidant activity of phenolic extracts from I. gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O'Rorke) Baill bark. METHODS Total phenol and flavonoids content was evaluated in addition to antioxidant activity as shown by Fe2+ chelation, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging ability. Inhibitory activities on AChE and BChE were evaluated. RESULTS The extract was found to be rich in phenolic acid (ellagic acid) and flavonoids (quercetrin, kaempferol, and apigenin). The phenolic extracts displayed DPPH radical scavenging ability (IC50=19.98 μg/mL), ABTS radical scavenging ability (IC50=18.25 μg/mL), iron chelation (IC50=113.10 μg/mL), and reducing power (Fe3+ to Fe2+) (5.94 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/100 g). Extracts of I. gabonensis inhibited AChE (IC50=32.90 μg/mL) and BChE (IC50=41.50 μg/mL) activities in concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Hence, possible mechanism through which the stem bark executes their anti-Alzheimer's disease activity might be by inhibiting cholinesterase activities in addition to suppressing oxidative-stress-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, Mail Bag 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, Phone: 234-703-782-4647
| | - Adebola Busola Ojo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Aline Augusti Boligon
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). METHODS In this study, the neuroprotective effect of vitexin (Vit), a flavonoid compound isolated from Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge was examined in PD models both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS On SH-SY5Y cells, methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) treatment suppressed cell viability, induced apoptosis, and increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 activity. However, Vit improved these parameters induced by MPP+ treatment significantly. Further study disclosed that Vit enhanced the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt which was downregulated by MPP+ in SH-SY5Y cells, the effect of which could be blocked by PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and activated by PI3K activator IGF-1. Moreover, results from the pole test and traction test suggested that Vit pretreatment prevented bradykinesia and alleviated the initial lesions caused by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in MPTP-treated mouse PD model. Vit also enhanced the activation of PI3K and Akt and suppressed the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3 activity in MPTP-treated mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, this study demonstrated that Vit protected dopaminergic neurons against MPP+/MPTP-induced neurotoxicity through the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Our findings may facilitate the clinical application of Vit in the therapy of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hu
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangming Li
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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35
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Ni G, Tang Y, Li M, He Y, Rao G. Synthesis of Scutellarein Derivatives with a Long Aliphatic Chain and Their Biological Evaluation against Human Cancer Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020310. [PMID: 29389889 PMCID: PMC6017256 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Scutellarin is the major active flavonoid extracted from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz., which is widely used in China. Recently, accumulating evidence has highlighted the potential role of scutellarin and its main metabolite scutellarein in the treatment of cancer. To explore novel anticancer agents with high efficiency, a series of new scutellarein derivatives with a long aliphatic chain were synthesized, and the antiproliferative activities against Jurkat, HCT-116 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines were assessed. Among them, compound 6a exhibited the strongest antiproliferative effects on Jurkat (IC50 = 1.80 μM), HCT-116 (IC50 = 11.50 μM) and MDA-MB-231 (IC50 = 53.91 μM). In particular, 6a even showed stronger antiproliferative effects than the positive control NaAsO2 on Jurkat and HCT-116 cell lines. The results showed that a proper long aliphatic chain enhanced the antiproliferative activity of scutellarein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Ni
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
- Engineering Laboratory for National Healthcare Theories and Products of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yanling Tang
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Minxin Li
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yuefeng He
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Gaoxiong Rao
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
- Engineering Laboratory for National Healthcare Theories and Products of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
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36
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Vollmer M, Esders S, Farquharson FM, Neugart S, Duncan SH, Schreiner M, Louis P, Maul R, Rohn S. Mutual Interaction of Phenolic Compounds and Microbiota: Metabolism of Complex Phenolic Apigenin-C- and Kaempferol-O-Derivatives by Human Fecal Samples. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:485-497. [PMID: 29236499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Human colonic bacteria have an important impact on the biotransformation of flavonoid glycosides and their conversion can result in the formation of bioactive compounds. However, information about the microbial conversion of complex glycosylated flavonoids and the impact on the gut microbiota are still limited. In this study, in vitro fermentations with selected flavonoid O- and C-glycosides and three different fecal samples were performed. As a result, all flavonoid glycosides were metabolized via their aglycones yielding smaller substances. Main metabolites were 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, and phenylacetic acid. Differences in the metabolite formation due to different time courses between the donors were determined. Therefore, from all fermentations, the ones with a specific donor were always slower resulting in a lower number of metabolites compared to the others. For example, tiliroside was totally degraded from 0 h (105 ± 13.2 μM) within the first 24 h, while in the fermentations with fecal samples from other donors, tiliroside (107 ± 52.7 μM at 0 h) was not detected after 7 h anymore. In general, fermentation rates of C-glycosides were slower compared to the fermentation rates of O-glycosides. The O-glycoside tiliroside was degraded within 4 h while the gut microbiota converted the C-glycoside vitexin within 13 h. However, significant changes (p < 0.05) in the microbiota composition and short chain fatty acid levels as products of carbohydrate fermentation were not detected between incubations with different phenolic compounds. Therefore, microbiota diversity was not affected and a significant prebiotic effect of phenolic compounds cannot be assigned to flavonoid glycosides in food-relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Vollmer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Selma Esders
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Freda M Farquharson
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen , Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, U.K
| | - Susanne Neugart
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops , Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Sylvia H Duncan
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen , Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, U.K
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops , Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Petra Louis
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen , Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, U.K
| | - Ronald Maul
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Grigalius I, Petrikaite V. Relationship between Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity of Trihydroxyflavones. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122169. [PMID: 29215574 PMCID: PMC6149854 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant polyphenols have been highlighted not only as chemopreventive, but also as potential anticancer substances. Flavones are a subclass of natural flavonoids reported to have an antioxidant and anticancer activity. The aim of our study was to evaluate antioxidant and anticancer activity of seventeen trihydroxyflavone derivatives, including apigenin (API) and baicalein (BCL). Also, we wanted to find out if there is a correlation between those two effects. Cell growth inhibition testing was carried out using MTT assay in three different human cancer cell lines: lung (A549), breast (MCF-7) and brain epithelial (U87). Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH radical scavenging method. Thirteen trihydroxyflavones possessed anticancer activity against at least one tested cancer cell line. They were more active against the MCF-7 cell line, and the lowest activity was determined against the U87 cell line. The majority of compounds inhibited cancer cell growth at EC50 values between 10-50 µM. The most active compound was 3',4',5-trihydroxyflavone 7, especially against A549 and MCF-7 cell lines. The correlation between anti-proliferative and antioxidant activity was only moderate, and it was determined for A549 and U87 cancer cell lines. The most important fragment for those two effects is the ortho-dihydroxy group in ring B. CONCLUSIONS Trihydroxyflavones demonstrated anticancer activity. Further and more detailed studies should to be carried out to estimate the structure-activity relationship of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignas Grigalius
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Vilma Petrikaite
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
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Viacava GE, Roura SI, Berrueta LA, Iriondo C, Gallo B, Alonso-Salces RM. Characterization of phenolic compounds in green and red oak-leaf lettuce cultivars by UHPLC-DAD-ESI-QToF/MS using MS E scan mode. J Mass Spectrom 2017; 52:873-902. [PMID: 28833875 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is one of the most popular leafy vegetables in the world and constitutes a major dietary source of phenolic compounds with health-promoting properties. In particular, the demand for green and red oak-leaf lettuces has considerably increased in the last years but few data on their polyphenol composition are available. Moreover, the usage of analytical edge technology can provide new structural information and allow the identification of unknown polyphenols. In the present study, the phenolic profiles of green and red oak-leaf lettuce cultivars were exhaustively characterized by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled online to diode array detection (DAD), electrospray ionization (ESI), and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QToF/MS), using the MSE instrument acquisition mode for recording simultaneously exact masses of precursor and fragment ions. One hundred fifteen phenolic compounds were identified in the acidified hydromethanolic extract of freeze-dried lettuce leaves. Forty-eight of these compounds were tentatively identified for the first time in lettuce, and only 20 of them have been previously reported in oak-leaf lettuce cultivars in literature. Both oak-leaf lettuce cultivars presented similar phenolic composition, except for apigenin-glucuronide and dihydroxybenzoic acid, only detected in the green cultivar; and for luteolin-hydroxymalonylhexoside, an apigenin conjugate with molecular formula C40 H54 O19 (monoisotopic MW = 838.3259 u), cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-(3″-O-malonyl)glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)glucoside, and cyanidin-3-O-(6″-O-acetyl)glucoside, only found in the red cultivar. The UHPLC-DAD-ESI-QToF/MSE approach demonstrated to be a useful tool for the characterization of phenolic compounds in complex plant matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela E Viacava
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos, CONICET, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y en Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Juan B. Justo 4302, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Sara I Roura
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos, CONICET, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y en Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Juan B. Justo 4302, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Luis A Berrueta
- Grupo de Investigación de Química Analítica de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Carmen Iriondo
- Grupo de Investigación de Química Analítica de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Blanca Gallo
- Grupo de Investigación de Química Analítica de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rosa M Alonso-Salces
- Departamento de Biología, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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39
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Gu C, Liu Z, Yuan X, Li W, Zu Y, Fu Y. Preparation of Vitexin Nanoparticles by Combining the Antisolvent Precipitation and High Pressure Homogenization Approaches Followed by Lyophilization for Dissolution Rate Enhancement. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22112038. [PMID: 29165376 PMCID: PMC6150166 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22112038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitexin, a natural flavonoid found in many medicinal plants, is well known for its rich pharmacological activities. However, the poor water solubility of vitexin has limited its therapeutic application. The aim of this study was to prepare the nanoparticles of vitexin by combining the antisolvent precipitation (ASP) and high pressure homogenization (HPH) approaches followed by lyophilization for improving the dissolution rate of this poorly water-soluble drug. The effects of main factors influencing the mean particle size (MPS) of vitexin were investigated and optimized. Under optimum conditions, vitexin nanosuspensions with an MPS of 80.5 nm were obtained and then lyophilized to form nanoparticles. The obtained vitexin nanoparticles were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mass spectrometry (MS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), gas chromatography (GC) and dissolution testing. The results showed that the nanoparticles of vitexin were converted into an amorphous form, with its chemical structure unchanged. Additionally, the residual dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is lower than the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) limit for class 3 solvents. The dissolution rate of processed vitexin was significantly higher (5.58-fold) than that of raw drug. Overall, the combinative process we developed is an effective way to produce vitexin nanoparticles with markedly enhanced dissolution rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Gu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Ziwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Xiaohan Yuan
- Life Science and Biotechnique Research Center, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Wang Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yuangang Zu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yujie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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40
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Liao M, Cheng X, Diao X, Sun Y, Zhang L. Metabolites identificaion of two bioactive constituents in Trollius ledebourii in rats using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1068-1069:297-312. [PMID: 29127056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Orientin and vitexin, 4'-hydroxyl-2-phenylchromen-4-one, are both major flavones derivatives found in Trollius ledebourii possessing definite pharmacological activities. In this study, in vitro metabolisms investigated on rat liver microsomes (RLMs) and in vivo metabolisms explored on Male Sprague Dawley rats of orientin and vitexin were tested, respectively. A systematic method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was developed to characterize metabolites by means of electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry in positive ion mode. An on-line data acquisition method multiple mass defect filter (MMDF) combined with dynamic background subtraction (DBS) was developed to observe probable relevant metabolites. By comparison of chromatographic behaviors with reference substances, exact protonated ions, MS/MS fragment ions and relevant literature, a total of 12 metabolites of orientin and 23 metabolites of vitexin were detected, respectively, which suggested that orientin is more metabolically stable than vitexin. Oxidation, methylation, acetylation, reduction, loss of C6H10O5 and glucuronide conjugation were the major biotransformation routes of both of them in rats. More significant, glutamine conjugation, loss of CO and loss of CH2O were the unique metabolic pathways of vitexin compared with that of orientin for the first time. Besides, most metabolites were observed in rat urine and feces, implying that urine and feces were the active metabolic places for flavones. This is the first study on metabolisms of orientin and vitexin in vitro and in vivo simultaneously and the proposed metabolic pathways of them might provide further understanding of their pharmacological mechanisms and later study on their excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University,361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China
| | - Xiaoye Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University,361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China
| | - Xinpeng Diao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University,361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China
| | - Yupeng Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University,361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University,361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China.
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Kulikovskii VF, Zhilyakova ET, Novikov OO, Pisarev DI, Prokushchenko NV, Ivanova LL. Study of Sedative Tea Phytocomplex within the Framework of Studies Aimed at Creation of a Rectal Dosage Form with Antihistaminic Effect. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 163:753-756. [PMID: 29063320 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We designed a new complex drug with antiallergic effect containing, in addition to the main component loratadine, a phytocomplex for an extra therapeutic effect. A collection of plants with sedative activity is chosen and the optimal agent for extraction of bioactive compounds (40% ethanol) and optimal degree of plant fragmentation are determined. Chemical composition of the sedative tea is evaluated by reverse phase HPLC. The marker components of the species are detected: xanthohumol and isoxanthohumol - Humulus lupulus cone components, Mentha piperita rosmarinic acid, and scutellareine, Menyanthes trifolia element - quercetin-3-rutinoside, and caffeic acid. Standardization of the species by the absolute graduation method in conversion to quercetin-3-rutinoside is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- V F Kulikovskii
- Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - E T Zhilyakova
- Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - O O Novikov
- Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - D I Pisarev
- Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia.
| | | | - L L Ivanova
- Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
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Wen L, Zhao Y, Jiang Y, Yu L, Zeng X, Yang J, Tian M, Liu H, Yang B. Identification of a flavonoid C-glycoside as potent antioxidant. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 110:92-101. [PMID: 28587909 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids have been documented to have good antioxidant activities in vitro. However, reports on the cellular antioxidant activities of flavonoid C-glycosides are very limited. In this work, an apigenin C-glycoside was purified from Artocarpus heterophyllus by column chromatography and was identified to be 2″-O-β-D-xylosylvitexin by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The cellular antioxidant activity and anticancer activity of 2″-O-β-D-xylosylvitexin were evaluated for the first time. The quantitative structure-activity relationship was analysed by molecular modeling. Apigenin presented an unexpected cellular antioxidation behaviour. It had an antioxidant activity at low concentration and a prooxidant activity at high concentration, whereas 2″-O-β-D-xylosylvitexin showed a dose-dependent cellular antioxidant activity. It indicated that C-glycosidation improved the cellular antioxidation performance of apigenin and eliminated the prooxidant effect. The ortho-dihydroxyl at C-3'/C-4' and C-3 hydroxyl in the flavonoid skeleton play important roles in the antioxidation behaviour. The cell proliferation assay revealed a low cytotoxicity of 2″-O-β-D-xylosylvitexin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingrong Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yupeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Limei Yu
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xiaofang Zeng
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Bao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Crascì L, Basile L, Panico A, Puglia C, Bonina FP, Basile PM, Rizza L, Guccione S. Correlating In Vitro Target-Oriented Screening and Docking: Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases Activities by Flavonoids. Planta Med 2017; 83:901-911. [PMID: 28288492 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-104775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Metalloproteases are a family of zinc-containing endopeptidases involved in a variety of pathological disorders. The use of flavonoid derivatives as potential metalloprotease inhibitors has recently increased.Particular plants growing in Sicily are an excellent yielder of the flavonoids luteolin, apigenin, and their respective glycoside derivatives (7-O-rutinoside, 7-O-glucoside, and 7-O-glucuronide).The inhibitory activity of luteolin, apigenin, and their respective glycoside derivatives on the metalloproteases MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, MMP-8, and MMP-9 was assessed and rationalized correlating in vitro target-oriented screening and in silico docking.The flavones apigenin, luteolin, and their respective glucosides have good ability to interact with metalloproteases and can also be lead compounds for further development. Glycones are more active on MMP-1, -3, -8, and -13 than MMP-9. Collagenases MMP-1, MMP-8, and MMP-13 are inhibited by compounds having rutinoside glycones. Apigenin and luteolin are inactive on MMP-1, -3, and -8, which can be interpreted as a better selectivity for both -9 and -13 peptidases. The more active compounds are apigenin-7-O-rutinoside on MMP-1 and luteolin-7-O-rutinoside on MMP-3. The lowest IC50 values were also found for apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, apigenin-7-O-rutinoside, and luteolin-7-O-glucuronide. The glycoside moiety might allow for a better anchoring to the active site of MMP-1, -3, -8, -9, and -13. Overall, the in silico data are substantially in agreement with the in vitro ones (fluorimetric assay).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Crascì
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Livia Basile
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Annamaria Panico
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelo Puglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco P Bonina
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Rizza
- Bionap s. r. l., Contrada Fureria, Belpasso, Italy
| | - Salvatore Guccione
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
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Gu T, Zhong Y, Lu YT, Sun Y, Dong ZX, Wu WY, Shi ZH, Li NG, Xue X, Fang F, Li HM, Tang YP. Synthesis and Bioactivity Characterization of Scutellarein Sulfonated Derivative. Molecules 2017. [PMID: 28635646 PMCID: PMC6152701 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22061028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scutellarin (1) has been widely used to treat acute cerebral infarction in clinic, but poor aqueous solubility decreases its bioavailability. Interestingly, scutellarin (1) could be metabolized into scutellarein (2) in vivo. In this study, a sulfonic group was introduced at position C-8 of scutellarein (2) to enhance the aqueous solubility of the obtained derivative (3). DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)-radical scavenging ability and antithrombic activity were also conducted to determine its bioactivity. The result showed that scutellarein derivate (3) could be a better agent for ischemic cerebrovascular disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Yue Zhong
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Yu-Ting Lu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Ying Sun
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Ze-Xi Dong
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Wen-Yu Wu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Zhi-Hao Shi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China.
| | - Nian-Guang Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Xin Xue
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Fang Fang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - He-Min Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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Spilovska K, Korabecny J, Sepsova V, Jun D, Hrabinova M, Jost P, Muckova L, Soukup O, Janockova J, Kucera T, Dolezal R, Mezeiova E, Kaping D, Kuca K. Novel Tacrine-Scutellarin Hybrids as Multipotent Anti-Alzheimer's Agents: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. Molecules 2017; 22:E1006. [PMID: 28621747 PMCID: PMC6152717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22061006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of 6-chlorotacrine-scutellarin hybrids was designed, synthesized and the biological activity as potential anti-Alzheimer's agents was assessed. Their inhibitory activity towards human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) and human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE), antioxidant activity, ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and hepatotoxic profile were evaluated in vitro. Among these compounds, hybrid K1383, bearing two methylene tether between two basic scaffolds, was found to be very potent hAChE inhibitor (IC50 = 1.63 nM). Unfortunately, none of the hybrids displayed any antioxidant activity (EC50 ≥ 500 μM). Preliminary data also suggests a comparable hepatotoxic profile with 6-Cl-THA (established on a HepG2 cell line). Kinetic studies performed on hAChE with the most active compound in the study, K1383, pointed out to a mixed, non-competitive enzyme inhibition. These findings were further corroborated by docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Spilovska
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Vendula Sepsova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Jun
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Hrabinova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Jost
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Lubica Muckova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic.
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Janockova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Kucera
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Rafael Dolezal
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Mezeiova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic.
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Kaping
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Karim R, Palazzo C, Laloy J, Delvigne AS, Vanslambrouck S, Jerome C, Lepeltier E, Orange F, Dogne JM, Evrard B, Passirani C, Piel G. Development and evaluation of injectable nanosized drug delivery systems for apigenin. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:757-768. [PMID: 28456651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop different injectable nanosized drug delivery systems (NDDSs) i.e. liposome, lipid nanocapsule (LNC) and polymeric nanocapsule (PNC) encapsulating apigenin (AG) and compare their characteristics to identify the nanovector(s) that can deliver the largest quantity of AG while being biocompatible. Two liposomes with different surface characteristics (cationic and anionic), a LNC and a PNC were prepared. A novel tocopherol modified poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polyphosphate block-copolymer was used for the first time for the PNC preparation. The NDDSs were compared by their physicochemical characteristics, AG release, storage stability, stability in serum, complement consumption and toxicity against a human macrovascular endothelial cell line (EAhy926). The diameter and surface charge of the NDDSs were comparable with previously reported injectable nanocarriers. The NDDSs showed good encapsulation efficiency and drug loading. Moreover, the NDDSs were stable during storage and in fetal bovine serum for extended periods, showed low complement consumption and were non-toxic to EAhy926 cells up to high concentrations. Therefore, they can be considered as potential injectable nanocarriers of AG. Due to less pronounced burst effect and extended release characteristics, the nanocapsules could be favorable approaches for achieving prolonged pharmacological activity of AG using injectable NDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reatul Karim
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.
| | - Claudio Palazzo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Julie Laloy
- Namur Nanosafety Centre, NARILIS, Department of Pharmacy, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Anne-Sophie Delvigne
- Namur Nanosafety Centre, NARILIS, Department of Pharmacy, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Vanslambrouck
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liege, UR-CESAM, Liege, Belgium
| | - Christine Jerome
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liege, UR-CESAM, Liege, Belgium
| | - Elise Lepeltier
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Francois Orange
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Michel Dogne
- Namur Nanosafety Centre, NARILIS, Department of Pharmacy, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Evrard
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Catherine Passirani
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Géraldine Piel
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
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Espargaró A, Ginex T, Vadell MDM, Busquets MA, Estelrich J, Muñoz-Torrero D, Luque FJ, Sabate R. Combined in Vitro Cell-Based/in Silico Screening of Naturally Occurring Flavonoids and Phenolic Compounds as Potential Anti-Alzheimer Drugs. J Nat Prod 2017; 80:278-289. [PMID: 28128562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia in people over 65 years. One of the major culprits in AD is the self-aggregation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), which has stimulated the search for small molecules able to inhibit Aβ aggregation. In this context, we recently reported a simple, but effective in vitro cell-based assay to evaluate the potential antiaggregation activity of putative Aβ aggregation inhibitors. In this work this assay was used together with docking and molecular dynamics simulations to analyze the anti-Aβ aggregation activity of several naturally occurring flavonoids and phenolic compounds. The results showed that rosmarinic acid, melatonin, and o-vanillin displayed zero or low inhibitory capacity, curcumin was found to have an intermediate inhibitory potency, and apigenin and quercetin showed potent antiaggregation activity. Finally, the suitability of the combined in vitro cell-based/in silico approach to distinguish between active and inactive compounds was further assessed for an additional set of flavonols and dihydroflavonols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Espargaró
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona , E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tiziana Ginex
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Biomedicine, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona , Prat de la Riba 171, E-08921, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Maria Del Mar Vadell
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona , E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria A Busquets
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona , E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Estelrich
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona , E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Muñoz-Torrero
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), School of Pharmacy, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona , E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Javier Luque
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Biomedicine, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona , Prat de la Riba 171, E-08921, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Raimon Sabate
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona , E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
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48
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Telange DR, Patil AT, Pethe AM, Fegade H, Anand S, Dave VS. Formulation and characterization of an apigenin-phospholipid phytosome (APLC) for improved solubility, in vivo bioavailability, and antioxidant potential. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 108:36-49. [PMID: 27939619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The apigenin-phospholipid phytosome (APLC) was developed to improve the aqueous solubility, dissolution, in vivo bioavailability, and antioxidant activity of apigenin. The APLC synthesis was guided by a full factorial design strategy, incorporating specific formulation and process variables to deliver an optimized product. The design-optimized formulation was assayed for aqueous solubility, in vitro dissolution, pharmacokinetics, and antioxidant activity. The pharmacological evaluation was carried out by assessing its effects on carbon tetrachloride-induced elevation of liver function marker enzymes in a rat model. The antioxidant activity was assessed by studying its effects on the liver antioxidant marker enzymes. The developed model was validated using the design-optimized levels of formulation and process variables. The physical-chemical characterization confirmed the formation of phytosomes. The optimized formulation demonstrated over 36-fold higher aqueous solubility of apigenin, compared to that of pure apigenin. The formulation also exhibited a significantly higher rate and extent of apigenin release in dissolution studies. The pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a significant enhancement in the oral bioavailability of apigenin from the prepared formulation, compared to pure apigenin. The liver function tests indicated that the prepared phytosome showed a significantly improved restoration of all carbon tetrachloride-elevated rat liver function marker enzymes. The prepared formulation also exhibited antioxidant potential by significantly increasing the levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and decreasing the levels of lipid peroxidase. The study shows that phospholipid-based phytosome is a promising and viable strategy for improving the delivery of apigenin and similar phytoconstituents with low aqueous solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan R Telange
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arun T Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anil M Pethe
- SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Pharmaceutics Division, SVKM's NMIMS University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harshal Fegade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sridhar Anand
- St. John Fisher College, Wegmans School of Pharmacy, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Vivek S Dave
- St. John Fisher College, Wegmans School of Pharmacy, Rochester, NY, USA.
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49
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Hwang SH, Paek JH, Lim SS. Simultaneous Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Determination and Antioxidant Activity of Linarin, Luteolin, Chlorogenic Acid and Apigenin in Different Parts of Compositae Species. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111609. [PMID: 27886116 PMCID: PMC6273441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Linarin (LA), luteolin (LE), chlorogenic acid (CA) and apigenin (AP) are four major flavonoids with various promising bioactivities found in Compositae (COP) species. A reliable, reproducible and accurate method for the simultaneous and quantitative determination of these four major flavonoids by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) analysis was developed. This method should be appropriate for the quality assurance of COP. The UPLC separation was carried out using an octadecylsilane (ODS) Hypersil (2.1 mm × 250 mm, 1.9 μm) and a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water at a flow rate 0.44 mL/min and ultraviolet (UV) detection 254 nm. Gradient elution was employed. The method was precise, with relative standard deviation below 3.0% and showed excellent linearity (R² > 0.999). The recoveries for the four flavonoids in COP were between 95.49%-106.23%. The average contents of LA, LE, CA and AP in different parts (flower, leave and stem) of COP were between 0.64-1.47 g/100 g, 0.66-0.89 g/100 g, 0.32-0.52 g/100 g and 0.16-0.18 g/100 g, respectively. The method was accurate and reproducible and it can provide a quantitative basis for quality control of COP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwan Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Ji Hun Paek
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
- Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
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50
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Guzelmeric E, Ristivojević P, Vovk I, Milojković-Opsenica D, Yesilada E. Quality assessment of marketed chamomile tea products by a validated HPTLC method combined with multivariate analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 132:35-45. [PMID: 27693951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chamomile tea composed of dried flower heads of Matricaria recutita L. (Asteraceae) is one of the most popular single ingredient herbal teas. Tea industries, spice shops or public bazaars are mostly supplied chamomile as a raw material via cultivation or through nature-picking. However, one of the drawbacks of nature-picking is adulteration. This could be either due to false authentication of the plant materials by ingenuous pickers or intentional/unintentional substitution with other flowers resembling to chamomile in appearance during harvesting. Therefore, quality control of raw chamomile materials before marketing should be carefully considered not only by quantification of apigenin 7-O-glucoside (active marker) but also by fingerprinting of chemical composition. This work presents both quantification of apigenin 7-O-glucoside and chemical fingerprinting of commercial chamomile tea products obtained from different food stores and spice shops by a validated HPTLC method. In addition, HPTLC profiles of investigated chamomile tea samples were compared with HPLC method stated in the European Pharmacopoeia and it was found that HPTLC method was superior to HPLC method in the field of adulteration confirmation. Therefore, fingerprint profiles performed on the silica gel 60 NH2 F254s HPTLC plates combined with pattern recognition techniques of these marketed products were comparatively evaluated with wild and cultivar chamomile samples and also chamomile-like species from Asteraceae. Consequently, not chamomile tea bags but crude flowers sold on market were found to be adulterated with other plant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etil Guzelmeric
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Kayisdagi Cad., Atasehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Petar Ristivojević
- Innovation Centre of Faculty of Chemistry Ltd., Studenski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Vovk
- Department of Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Erdem Yesilada
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Kayisdagi Cad., Atasehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
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