1
|
Vázquez-Guerrero E, Kneubehl AR, Pellegrini-Hernández P, González-Quiroz JL, Domínguez-López ML, Krishnavajhala A, Estrada-de Los Santos P, Ibarra JA, Lopez JE. Borrelia turicatae from Ticks in Peridomestic Setting, Camayeca, Mexico. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:380-383. [PMID: 38270112 PMCID: PMC10826751 DOI: 10.3201/eid3002.231053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We conducted surveillance studies in Sinaloa, Mexico, to determine the circulation of tick-borne relapsing fever spirochetes. We collected argasid ticks from a home in the village of Camayeca and isolated spirochetes. Genomic analysis indicated that Borrelia turicatae infection is a threat to those living in resource-limited settings.
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
During 2013–2019, Borrelia miyamotoi infection was detected in 19 US states. Infection rate was 0.5%–3.2%; of B. miyamotoi–positive ticks, 59.09% had concurrent infections. B. miyamotoi is homogeneous with 1 genotype from Ixodes scapularis ticks in northeastern and midwestern states and 1 from I. pacificus in western states.
Collapse
|
3
|
Siy PN, Larson RT, Zembsch TE, Lee X, Paskewitz SM. High Prevalence of Borrelia mayonii (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae) in Field-Caught Tamias striatus (Rodentia: Sciuridae) From Northern Wisconsin. J Med Entomol 2021; 58:2504-2507. [PMID: 34086946 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Borrelia mayonii is a recently discovered bacterial spirochete that causes Lyme disease and is transmitted by the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae). To date, B. mayonii has been isolated from two vertebrate host species in Minnesota: field-caught white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque; Rodentia: Cricetidae) and American red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Erxleben). Here, we describe the first detection of B. mayonii in field-caught eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus L. (Rodentia: Cricetidae)) from northern Wisconsin. During our study, we captured 530 unique small mammals and found an infection prevalence of 23.50% in field-caught eastern chipmunks (4/17) and 1.19% in Peromyscus spp. (5/420). Mean larval and nymphal burdens were determined for captured Blarina brevicauda (0, 0), Glaucomys volans (0.29, 0.14), Myodes gapperi (0.27, 0), Napaeozapus insignis (0, 0.25), Peromyscus spp. (1.88, 0.11), T. striatus (1.06, 0.65), and Sorex cinereus (0.09, 0). The high B. mayonii infection prevalence in eastern chipmunks suggests that the species may be an important reservoir for B. mayonii in the Upper Midwest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia N Siy
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ryan T Larson
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Tela E Zembsch
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xia Lee
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Susan M Paskewitz
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Takhampunya R, Thaloengsok S, Tippayachai B, Promsathaporn S, Leepitakrat S, Gross K, Davidson SA. Retrospective Survey of Borrelia spp. From Rodents and Ticks in Thailand. J Med Entomol 2021; 58:1331-1344. [PMID: 33367702 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Borrelia is a genus of spirochetal bacteria with several species known to cause disease in humans. The distribution of Borrelia has rarely been studied in Thailand. In this study, a retrospective survey of Borrelia was conducted in ticks and wild rodents to better characterize the prevalence, diversity, and distribution of Borrelia across Thailand. Several pools of DNA from tick samples were positive for Borrelia spp. (36/258, 13.9%). Borrelia theileri/B. lonestari was found in 17 tick samples (16 pools of Haemaphysalis bandicota and 1 pool of Rhipicephalus sp.), and Borrelia yangtzensis was found in 8 tick samples (2 pools of H. bandicota and 6 pools of Ixodes granulatus). Borrelia spp. were detected at low prevalence levels in rodent tissue samples (24/2001, 1.2%), with 19 identified as B. theileri or B. lonestari and 5 identified as B. miyamotoi. Several geographic and species-specific infection trends were apparent, with Ixodes ticks infected with B. yangtzensis and Haemaphysalis and Rhipicephalus ticks infected with both B. yangtzensis and B. theileri/B. lonestari. Notably, B. yangtzensis showed a similar geographic distribution to B. miyamotoi, which was identified in new areas of Thailand in this study. The flagellin gene sequence from B. miyamotoi was more similar to European (99.3-99.9%) than Japanese (96.9-97.6%) genotypes. This study greatly expands the knowledge of Borrelia in Thailand and identified several Borrelia species for the first time. It also found several ticks and rodents infected with the pathogen that were not previously known to carry Borrelia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratree Takhampunya
- Department of Entomology, United States Army Medical Directorate - Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, APO AP, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sasikanya Thaloengsok
- Department of Entomology, United States Army Medical Directorate - Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, APO AP, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bousaraporn Tippayachai
- Department of Entomology, United States Army Medical Directorate - Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, APO AP, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sommai Promsathaporn
- Department of Entomology, United States Army Medical Directorate - Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, APO AP, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surachai Leepitakrat
- Department of Entomology, United States Army Medical Directorate - Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, APO AP, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Katelynn Gross
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY
| | - Silas A Davidson
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lehane A, Maes SE, Graham CB, Jones E, Delorey M, Eisen RJ. Prevalence of single and coinfections of human pathogens in Ixodes ticks from five geographical regions in the United States, 2013-2019. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 12:101637. [PMID: 33360805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As the geographic distributions of medically important ticks and tick-borne pathogens continue to expand in the United States, the burden of tick-borne diseases continues to increase along with a growing risk of coinfections. Coinfection with multiple tick-borne pathogens may amplify severity of disease and complicate diagnosis and treatment. By testing 13,400 Ixodes ticks from 17 US states spanning five geographical regions for etiological agents of Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto [s.s.] and Borrelia mayonii), Borrelia miyamotoi disease (Borrelia miyamotoi), anaplasmosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum), and babesiosis (Babesia microti) we show that B. burgdorferi s.s. was the most prevalent and widespread pathogen. Borrelia miyamotoi, A. phagocytophilum, and B. microti were widespread but less prevalent than B. burgdorferi s.s. Coinfections with B. burgdorferi s.s. and A. phagocytophilum or B. microti were most common in the Northeast and occurred at rates higher than expected based on rates of single infections in that region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aine Lehane
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sarah E Maes
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Christine B Graham
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Emma Jones
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Mark Delorey
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Rebecca J Eisen
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Heglasová I, Rudenko N, Golovchenko M, Zubriková D, Miklisová D, Stanko M. Ticks, fleas and rodent-hosts analyzed for the presence of Borrelia miyamotoi in Slovakia: the first record of Borrelia miyamotoi in a Haemaphysalis inermis tick. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 11:101456. [PMID: 32723657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In Slovakia, little knowledge is available on the occurrence, hosts and vectors of Borrelia miyamotoi of the relapsing fever group. In the current study, 2160 questing and rodent-attached ticks of six species (Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes trianguliceps, Dermacentor marginatus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Haemaphysalis concinna and Haemaphysalis inermis), 279 fleas belonging to 9 species (Ctenophthalmus agyrtes, Ctenophthalmus solutus, Ctenophthalmus assimilis, Megabothris turbidus, Amalareus penicilliger, Hystrichopsylla orientalis, Ctenophthalmus uncinatus, Doratopsylla dasycnema and Nosopsyllus fasciatus) and skin biopsies from 245 small mammals belonging to eight species (Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus flavicollis, Apodemus uralensis, Myodes glareolus, Crocidura leucodon, Micromys minutus, Microtus arvalis, Microtus subterraneus) were screened for the presence of B. miyamotoi DNA. The overall prevalence of B. miyamotoi found in questing and rodent-attached ticks was 1.8% (23 positive/1260 examined) and 3.4% (31 positive/900 examined), respectively. Borrelia miyamotoi was detected in questing I. ricinus, rodent-attached I. ricinus and H. inermis ticks, and in one male of the common vole (M. arvalis) in different habitats (mainly rural) in eastern Slovakia. However, B. miyamotoi was not found in any of the tested fleas. Our findings indicate that rural habitats with different species of tick vectors and hosts are appropriate for the occurrence of B. miyamotoi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Heglasová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina B-1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Natalie Rudenko
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Maryna Golovchenko
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Dana Zubriková
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Dana Miklisová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Michal Stanko
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Henningsson AJ, Asgeirsson H, Hammas B, Karlsson E, Parke Å, Hoornstra D, Wilhelmsson P, Hovius JW. Two Cases of Borrelia miyamotoi Meningitis, Sweden, 2018. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 25:1965-1968. [PMID: 31538916 PMCID: PMC6759261 DOI: 10.3201/eid2510.190416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We report 2 human cases of Borrelia miyamotoi disease diagnosed in Sweden, including 1 case of meningitis in an apparently immunocompetent patient. The diagnoses were confirmed by 3 different independent PCR assays and DNA sequencing from cerebrospinal fluid, supplemented by serologic analyses.
Collapse
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- Gary P Wormser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, New York Medical College,Valhalla.
| | - Eugene D Shapiro
- Department of Pediatrics,Yale School of Medicine,Yale University, New Haven, Conn; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University New Haven, Conn
| | - Durland Fish
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University New Haven, Conn
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiang BG, Jia N, Jiang JF, Zheng YC, Chu YL, Jiang RR, Wang YW, Liu HB, Wei R, Zhang WH, Li Y, Xu XW, Ye JL, Yao NN, Liu XJ, Huo QB, Sun Y, Song JL, Liu W, Cao WC. Borrelia miyamotoi Infections in Humans and Ticks, Northeastern China. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:236-241. [PMID: 29350133 PMCID: PMC5782893 DOI: 10.3201/eid2402.160378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted an investigation of Borrelia miyamotoi infections in humans and ticks in northeastern China. Of 984 patients reporting recent tick bites, 14 (1.4%) were found to be infected with B. miyamotoi by PCR and genomic sequencing. The 14 patients had nonspecific febrile manifestations, including fever, headache, anorexia, asthenia, and arthralgia. Rash, eschar, and regional lymphadenopathy were each observed in 1 patient. Four (28.6%) patients were hospitalized because of severe disease. B. miyamotoi was detected in 3.0% (19/627) of Ixodes persulcatus, 1 (2.8%) of 36 Haemaphysalis concinna, and none of 29 Dermacentor silvarum ticks. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of a nearly entire 16s rRNA gene, a partial flagellin gene, and the glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase gene revealed that B. miyamotoi identified in patients and ticks were clustered in the group of the Siberian type. These findings indicate that B. miyamotoi is endemic in northeastern China and its public health significance deserves further investigation.
Collapse
|
10
|
Larson SR, Lee X, Paskewitz SM. Prevalence of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Two Species of Peromyscus Mice Common in Northern Wisconsin. J Med Entomol 2018; 55:1002-1010. [PMID: 29506103 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two species of mice, the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque; Rodentia: Cricetidae) and the woodland deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner; Rodentia: Cricetidae), serve as reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens in many parts of North America. However, the role P. maniculatus plays in the amplification and maintenance of Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichiaceae) and Borrelia burgdorferi (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae) is not well understood. In northern Wisconsin, from 2012 to 2014, 560 unique mice were captured at 83 sites distributed across five forests. P. leucopus was more likely infested with immature Ixodes scapularis compared to P. maniculatus (60.1 vs. 28.3%). Abundance of immature I. scapularis on P. leucopus (M = 2.69; SD = 3.53) was surprisingly low and even lower for P. maniculatus (M = 0.717; SD = 1.44). Both P. leucopus and P. maniculatus were infected with B. burgdorferi, 24.0 and 16.8%, respectively. The prevalence of A. phagocytophilum infection in P. leucopus (1.69%) was similar to that observed in P. maniculatus (4.73%). Nine of 10 mice co-infected with both pathogens were P. maniculatus, and there were more co-infections in this species than expected by chance (3.07 vs. 0.82%). Differences in the behavior and biology between these two mice species may contribute to the variation observed in the abundance of host-attached ticks and pathogen prevalence. These differences highlight a potential hazard of the failure to differentiate between these visually similar mice, but there is evidence that these two mice species can each serve as reservoirs for tick-borne pathogens that cause human disease in Wisconsin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Larson
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Xia Lee
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abdullah S, Helps C, Tasker S, Newbury H, Wall R. Prevalence and distribution of Borrelia and Babesia species in ticks feeding on dogs in the U.K. Med Vet Entomol 2018; 32:14-22. [PMID: 28846148 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ticks were collected during March-July 2015 from dogs by veterinarians throughout the U.K. and used to estimate current prevalences and distributions of pathogens. DNA was extracted from 4750 ticks and subjected to polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis to identify Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae) and Babesia (Piroplasmida: Babesiidae) species. Of 4737 ticks [predominantly Ixodes ricinus Linneaus (Ixodida: Ixodidae)], B. burgdorferi s.l. was detected in 94 (2.0%). Four Borrelia genospecies were identified: Borrelia garinii (41.5%); Borrelia afzelli (31.9%); Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (25.5%), and Borrelia spielmanii (1.1%). One Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille (Ixodida: Ixodidae), collected from a dog with a history of travel outside the U.K., was positive for B. garinii. Seventy ticks (1.5%) were positive for Babesia spp. Of these, 84.3% were positive for Babesia venatorum, 10.0% for Babesia vulpes sp. nov., 2.9% for Babesia divergens/Babesia capreoli and 1.4% for Babesia microti. One isolate of Babesia canis was detected in a Dermacentor reticulatus (Ixodida: Ixodidae) tick collected from a dog that had recently travelled to France. Prevalences of B. burgdorferi s.l. and Babesia spp. did not differ significantly between different regions of the U.K. The results map the widespread distribution of B. burgdorferi s.l. and Babesia spp. in ticks in the U.K. and highlight the potential for the introduction and establishment of exotic ticks and tick-borne pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Abdullah
- Veterinary Parasitology and Ecology Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - C Helps
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Langford Vets and School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - S Tasker
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Langford Vets and School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - H Newbury
- MSD Animal Health, Milton Keynes, U.K
| | - R Wall
- Veterinary Parasitology and Ecology Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lafri I, El Hamzaoui B, Bitam I, Leulmi H, Lalout R, Mediannikov O, Chergui M, Karakellah M, Raoult D, Parola P. Detection of relapsing fever Borrelia spp., Bartonella spp. and Anaplasmataceae bacteria in argasid ticks in Algeria. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0006064. [PMID: 29145396 PMCID: PMC5708834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Argasid ticks (soft ticks) are blood-feeding arthropods that can parasitize rodents, birds, humans, livestock and companion animals. Ticks of the Ornithodoros genus are known to be vectors of relapsing fever borreliosis in humans. In Algeria, little is known about relapsing fever borreliosis and other bacterial pathogens transmitted by argasid ticks. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Between May 2013 and October 2015, we investigated the presence of soft ticks in 20 rodent burrows, 10 yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) nests and animal shelters in six locations in two different bioclimatic zones in Algeria. Six species of argasid ticks were identified morphologically and through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The presence and prevalence of Borrelia spp., Bartonella spp., Rickettsia spp. and Anaplasmataceae was assessed by qPCR template assays in each specimen. All qPCR-positive samples were confirmed by standard PCR, followed by sequencing the amplified fragments. Two Borrelia species were identified: Borrelia hispanica in Ornithodoros occidentalis in Mostaganem, and Borrelia cf. turicatae in Carios capensis in Algiers. One new Bartonella genotype and one new Anaplasmataceae genotype were also identified in Argas persicus. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights the presence of relapsing fever borreliosis agents, although this disease is rarely diagnosed in Algeria. Other bacteria of unknown pathogenicity detected in argasid ticks which may bite humans deserve further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Lafri
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix Marseille Université, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, AP-HM, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Basma El Hamzaoui
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix Marseille Université, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, AP-HM, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Idir Bitam
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix Marseille Université, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, AP-HM, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Université de Bab Ezzouar, Laboratoire d’Ecologie et Environnement, Algiers, Algeria
- Ecole Supérieure en Sciences de l'Aliment et des Industries Agroalimentaires (ESSAIA), El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hamza Leulmi
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix Marseille Université, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, AP-HM, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 23 chemin des capelles Toulouse, France
| | - Reda Lalout
- EPH de Sidi Ali. Mostaganem. Ministère de la santé, de la population et de la réforme hospitalière, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix Marseille Université, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, AP-HM, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Mohamed Chergui
- EPH de Sidi Ali. Mostaganem. Ministère de la santé, de la population et de la réforme hospitalière, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Karakellah
- EPH de Sidi Ali. Mostaganem. Ministère de la santé, de la population et de la réforme hospitalière, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Didier Raoult
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix Marseille Université, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, AP-HM, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Parola
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix Marseille Université, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, AP-HM, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Reynolds HH, Elston DM. What's eating you? lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum). Cutis 2017; 99:111-114. [PMID: 28319627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Amblyomma americanum, also known as the lone star tick, is found in much of the eastern United States. Since the mid-20th century, the lone star tick has been implicated in human disease. Today, A americanum remains an important vector for tick-borne illness. In addition to others, species of Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Borrelia are all transmitted by the lone star tick. Recently described conditions such as Southern tick-associated rash illness and anaphylaxis to red meat following tick bites have been attributed to the lone star tick. Impressive local reactions also can result after bites from A americanum. Early treatment of tick-borne illness is crucial to ensure good patient outcomes. Tick-control measures also are an important part of disease management in endemic areas. We discuss the tick's biology, human illnesses associated with A americanum, and methods to control tick numbers and eliminate disease in local reservoirs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Harris Reynolds
- Medical Department, Training Air Wing SIX, Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Dirk M Elston
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sarksyan DS, Platonov AE, Karan LS, Shipulin GA, Sprong H, Hovius JWR. Probability of Spirochete Borrelia miyamotoi Transmission from Ticks to Humans. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 21:2273-4. [PMID: 26584357 PMCID: PMC4672439 DOI: 10.3201/eid2112.151097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
|
15
|
Sayler KA, Loftis AD, Beatty SK, Boyce CL, Garrison E, Clemons B, Cunningham M, Alleman AR, Barbet AF. Prevalence of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Host-Seeking Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) and Odocoileus virginianus (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) in Florida. J Med Entomol 2016; 53:949-956. [PMID: 27117680 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Amblyomma americanum (L.), the lone star tick, is an aggressive tick that is expanding its geographic range within the United States. This tick is the vector for the human and veterinary pathogens Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii and is associated with other microbes of unspecified pathogenicity including Rickettsia amblyommii, Panola Mountain Ehrlichia, and Borrelia lonestari In Florida, there has been sparse contemporary data on the prevalence of these organisms in host-seeking lone star ticks. To determine the prevalence of this tick and associated microbes in North Central Florida state parks, ∼1,500 lone star tick specimens were collected between 2010 and 2012 analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing. Additionally, 393 white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman), samples were analyzed for pathogen prevalence using molecular methods and serology. In lone star ticks, 14.6, 15.6, and 57.1% were positive for E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii, and Rickettsia spp. DNA, respectively. Panola Mountain Ehrlichia or B. lonestari DNA were each detected in nearly 2% of tick specimens. In white-tailed deer, 7.3% were PCR positive for E. chaffeensis, 6.0% for E. ewingii, and 3.2% for rickettsial species. Approximately 45% of white-tailed deer specimens had antibodies to Ehrlichia spp., and <1% had antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi In summary, E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii, and spotted fever group rickettsia are highly prevalent in host-seeking lone star ticks and in white-tailed deer in Florida. The molecular and serological evidence of these microbes underscore their zoonotic potential in this region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Sayler
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave., Gainesville, FL 32608 (; ; ; ),
- Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave., Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - Amanda D Loftis
- Department of Microbiology, Midwestern University Glendale, 19555 N 59th Ave., Glendale, AZ 85308 , and
| | - Sarah K Beatty
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave., Gainesville, FL 32608 (; ; ; )
| | - Carisa L Boyce
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave., Gainesville, FL 32608 (; ; ; )
| | - Elina Garrison
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish & Wildlife Research Institute, 1105 SW Williston Rd., Gainesville, FL 32601 (; ; )
| | - Bambi Clemons
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish & Wildlife Research Institute, 1105 SW Williston Rd., Gainesville, FL 32601 (; ; )
| | - Mark Cunningham
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish & Wildlife Research Institute, 1105 SW Williston Rd., Gainesville, FL 32601 (; ; )
| | - Arthur R Alleman
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave., Gainesville, FL 32608 (; ; ; )
| | - Anthony F Barbet
- Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave., Gainesville, FL 32608
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Antinori S, Mediannikov O, Corbellino M, Grande R, Parravicini C, Bestetti G, Longhi E, Ricaboni D, Ehounoud CB, Fenollar F, Raoult D, Rimoldi SG. Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever (Borrelia recurrentis) in a Somali Refugee Arriving in Italy: A Re-emerging Infection in Europe? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004522. [PMID: 27149282 PMCID: PMC4858251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Spinello Antinori
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences Luigi Sacco, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- Unité de Recherche sur le Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITIE) IRD198, CNRS 7278, INSERM 1095, Institute Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Mediterranee-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
| | - Mario Corbellino
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Romualdo Grande
- Department of Diagnostic Services, Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergence Diagnostics, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Parravicini
- Department of Diagnostic Services Pathology Unit, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bestetti
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Erika Longhi
- Department of Diagnostic Services Pathology Unit, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Ricaboni
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Cyrille Bilé Ehounoud
- Unité de Recherche sur le Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITIE) IRD198, CNRS 7278, INSERM 1095, Institute Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Mediterranee-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- Unité de Recherche sur le Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITIE) IRD198, CNRS 7278, INSERM 1095, Institute Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Mediterranee-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Unité de Recherche sur le Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITIE) IRD198, CNRS 7278, INSERM 1095, Institute Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Mediterranee-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
| | - Sara Giordana Rimoldi
- Department of Diagnostic Services, Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergence Diagnostics, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jaton L, Kritikos A, Bodenmann P, Greub G, Merz L. [European migrant crisis and reemergence of infections in Switzerland]. Rev Med Suisse 2016; 12:749-753. [PMID: 27263151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Current conflicts in some regions of the world give rise to massive immigration waves. Consequently, some infections that had nearly disappeared in Europe nowadays re-emerge. They are related to the epidemiology of the refugees' origin, but also to the epidemiology of the country crossed during migration. Hygiene conditions, often precarious during the journey, favor their transmission. Thus, cases of louse borne relapsing fever and diphtheria emerge in Europe and in Switzerland since 2074 whereas cutaneous Panton-Valen tine Staphylococcus aureus infection are more commonly observed nowadays.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
A case of Lyme oligoarthritis occurred in an 11-year-old boy in Vienna, Austria. DNA of Borrelia bavariensis was detected by PCR in 2 aspirates obtained from different joints. Complete recovery was achieved after a 4-week course with amoxicillin. Lyme arthritis must be considered in patients from Europe who have persisting joint effusions.
Collapse
|
19
|
Korenberg EI, Kovalevskii YV, Gorelova NB, Nefedova VV. Comparative analysis of the roles of Ixodes persulcatus and I. trianguliceps ticks in natural foci of ixodid tick-borne borrelioses in the Middle Urals, Russia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2015; 6:316-21. [PMID: 25843812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Long-term studies on natural foci of ixodid tick-borne borrelioses (ITBB) have been performed in Chusovskoi district of Perm region, the Middle Urals, where the vectors of these infections are represented by two ixodid tick species: the taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus and many times less abundant vole tick I. trianguliceps. Over 10 years, more than 6000 half-engorged ticks were collected from small forest mammals using the standard procedure, and 1027 I. persulcatus and 1142 I. trianguliceps ticks, individually or in pools, were used to inoculate BSK-2 medium. As a result, 199 Borrelia isolates were obtained. Among them, 177 isolates were identified, and the rrf(5S)-rrl(23S) intergenic spacer sequence was determined in 57 isolates. The prevalence of Borrelia infection in I. persulcatus larvae and nymphs averaged 31.0 and 53.3%, while that in I. trianguliceps larvae, nymphs, and adult ticks was five to ten times lower: 2.6, 10.2, and 8.1%, respectively. Each of the two tick species was found to carry both ITBB agents circulating in the Middle Ural foci (Borrelia garinii and B. afzelii), but the set of genogroups and genovariants of these spirochetes in I. trianguliceps proved to be far less diverse. According to the available data, this tick, compared to I. persulcatus, is generally less susceptible to Borrelia infection (especially by B. afzelii). Taking into account of its relatively low abundance, it appears that I. trianguliceps cannot seriously influence the course of epizootic process in ITBB foci of the study region, whereas highly abundant I. persulcatus with the high level of Borrelia infection is obviously a key component of these parasitic systems. A similar situation may well be typical for the entire geographic range shared by the two tick species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward I Korenberg
- Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 123098, Russia.
| | - Yurii V Kovalevskii
- Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 123098, Russia.
| | - Natalya B Gorelova
- Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 123098, Russia.
| | - Valentina V Nefedova
- Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 123098, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Krause PJ, Narasimhan S, Wormser GP, Barbour AG, Platonov AE, Brancato J, Lepore T, Dardick K, Mamula M, Rollend L, Steeves TK, Diuk-Wasser M, Usmani-Brown S, Williamson P, Sarksyan DS, Fikrig E, Fish D. Borrelia miyamotoi sensu lato seroreactivity and seroprevalence in the northeastern United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 20:1183-90. [PMID: 24960072 PMCID: PMC4073859 DOI: 10.3201/eid2007.131587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum from �%^4% of residents was positive for infection, compared with �%^9% for B. burgdorferi. Borrelia miyamotoi sensu lato, a relapsing fever Borrelia sp., is transmitted by the same ticks that transmit B. burgdorferi (the Lyme disease pathogen) and occurs in all Lyme disease�?"endemic areas of the United States. To determine the seroprevalence of IgG against B. miyamotoi sensu lato in the northeastern United States and assess whether serum from B. miyamotoi sensu lato�?"infected persons is reactive to B. burgdorferi antigens, we tested archived serum samples from area residents during 1991�?"2012. Of 639 samples from healthy persons, 25 were positive for B. miyamotoi sensu lato and 60 for B. burgdorferi. Samples from �%^10% of B. miyamotoi sensu lato�?"seropositive persons without a recent history of Lyme disease were seropositive for B. burgdorferi. Our resultsA suggest thatA human B. miyamotoiA sensu latoA infection may be common in southern New England and that B. burgdorferi antibody testing is not an effective surrogate for detecting B. miyamotoi sensu lato infection.
Collapse
|
21
|
Minoranskaya NS, Sarap PV, Andronova NV, Minoranskaya EI. [Clinical and Laboratory Predictors for Forecasting the Outcomes of Ixodes Tick-Borne Borreliosis]. Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk 2015; 70:378-385. [PMID: 26495729 DOI: 10.15690/vramn.v70i3.1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to identify the most informative clinical and laboratory predictors of chronicity of Ixodes tick-borne borreliosis in the acute phase of the disease based on the "optimal cut-off values" (COV) and the predicted probability of the outcomes. METHODS A retrospective cohort controlled study was carried out. We used the technique of ROC-analysis to estimate the information content of the clinical and laboratory indicators in patients with Ixodes tick-borne borreliosis in the acute phase of the disease with erythemal (n =16), non-erythemal (n = 77) forms of Ixodes tick-borne borreliosis and co-infection with the tick-borne encephalitis (n = 68) for the prediction of the outcomes: recovery or chronization. RESULTS A retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory parameters recorded in the acute phase of the disease in 161 patients with chronic Ixodes tick-borne borreliosis. The calculations were performed for the informative clinical and laboratory prognostic predictors of the outcomes for the intervals above and below the COVvalues are defined probabilities of recovery or chronization of Ixodes tick-borne borreliosis. A general predictor of outcomes for all clinicalforms of the disease--the interleukin 8--was established: the probability of chronization after erythemal form is 100.0% at the level of its production over 107.89 pg/ml (AUC = 1.0), after non-erythemal form is 54.63 ± 0.23% at serum concentrations above 94.64 pg/ml (AUC = 0.770), after co-infection with the tick-borne encephalitis is 52.69 ± 0.27% at the level of interleukin 8 above 84.96 pg/ml (AUC = 0.780). CONCLUSION The results of the study suggest the possibility of predicting the outcomes of infection in the acute phase, which allows to optimize the etiopathogenic therapy of the disease in a timely manner.
Collapse
|
22
|
Padgett K, Bonilla D, Kjemtrup A, Vilcins IM, Yoshimizu MH, Hui L, Sola M, Quintana M, Kramer V. Large scale spatial risk and comparative prevalence of Borrelia miyamotoi and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes pacificus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110853. [PMID: 25333277 PMCID: PMC4205013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Borrelia miyamotoi is a newly described emerging pathogen transmitted to people by Ixodes species ticks and found in temperate regions of North America, Europe, and Asia. There is limited understanding of large scale entomological risk patterns of B. miyamotoi and of Borreila burgdorferi sensu stricto (ss), the agent of Lyme disease, in western North America. In this study, B. miyamotoi, a relapsing fever spirochete, was detected in adult (n=70) and nymphal (n=36) Ixodes pacificus ticks collected from 24 of 48 California counties that were surveyed over a 13 year period. Statewide prevalence of B. burgdorferi sensu lato (sl), which includes B. burgdorferi ss, and B. miyamotoi were similar in adult I. pacificus (0.6% and 0.8%, respectively). In contrast, the prevalence of B. burgdorferi sl was almost 2.5 times higher than B. miyamotoi in nymphal I. pacificus (3.2% versus 1.4%). These results suggest similar risk of exposure to B. burgdorferi sl and B. miyamotoi from adult I. pacificus tick bites in California, but a higher risk of contracting B. burgdorferi sl than B. miyamotoi from nymphal tick bites. While regional risk of exposure to these two spirochetes varies, the highest risk for both species is found in north and central coastal California and the Sierra Nevada foothill region, and the lowest risk is in southern California; nevertheless, tick-bite avoidance measures should be implemented in all regions of California. This is the first study to comprehensively evaluate entomologic risk for B. miyamotoi and B. burgdorferi for both adult and nymphal I. pacificus, an important human biting tick in western North America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Padgett
- California Department of Public Health, Vector-Borne Disease Section, Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Denise Bonilla
- California Department of Public Health, Vector-Borne Disease Section, Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Anne Kjemtrup
- California Department of Public Health, Vector-Borne Disease Section, Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Inger-Marie Vilcins
- California Department of Public Health, Vector-Borne Disease Section, Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Melissa Hardstone Yoshimizu
- California Department of Public Health, Vector-Borne Disease Section, Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Lucia Hui
- California Department of Public Health, Vector-Borne Disease Section, Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Milagros Sola
- Public Health Command Region-West, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington, United States of America
| | - Miguel Quintana
- Public Health Command Region-West, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington, United States of America
| | - Vicki Kramer
- California Department of Public Health, Vector-Borne Disease Section, Richmond, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kotti BK, Parshina EV. [Seasonal changes in the physiological age of Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) imagoes on the Stavropol Elevation]. Med Parazitol (Mosk) 2014:47-48. [PMID: 25812412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ixodes ricinus imagoes were caught using a flannel flag in the April to October of 2011 to 2013. There were two seasons when these stages were numerous, namely: spring and autumn. The physiological age of 506 hungry I. ricinus imagoes was determined from their outward signs: the shape of their rear body, the surface of the cuticle, and visibility of the internals through the latter. The change in the age composition suggests that an autumn imago cohort consists of specimens that emerged from nymphs in summer.
Collapse
|
24
|
Kopnitsky MJ. The evolution of Borrelia serology tests. MLO Med Lab Obs 2014; 46:24-25. [PMID: 25016683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
|
25
|
Burri C, Schumann O, Schumann C, Gern L. Are Apodemus spp. mice and Myodes glareolus reservoirs for Borrelia miyamotoi, Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Rickettsia helvetica, R. monacensis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum? Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2014; 5:245-51. [PMID: 24582511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In Europe, in addition to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus, other zoonotic pathogens, like B. miyamotoi, a species related to the relapsing fever spirochaetes, Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis (N. mikurensis), Rickettsia helvetica, Rickettsia monacensis, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum have been reported in the ixodid tick Ixodes ricinus. No study was conducted to identify reservoir hosts for these pathogens. Here, we investigated the role played by wild rodents in the natural transmission cycle of B. miyamotoi, N. mikurensis, R. helvetica, R. monacensis, and A. phagocytophilum in Switzerland. In 2011 and 2012, small mammals were captured in an area where these pathogens occur in questing ticks. Ixodes ricinus ticks infesting captured small mammals were analysed after their moult by PCR followed by reverse line blot to detect the different pathogens. Xenodiagnostic larvae were used to evaluate the role of rodents as reservoirs and analysed after their moult. Most of the 108 captured rodents (95.4%) were infested by I. ricinus ticks; 4.9%, 3.9%, 24.0%, and 0% of the rodents were infested by Borrelia, N. mikurensis, Rickettsia spp., and A. phagocytophilum-infected larvae, respectively. Borrelia afzelii, B. miyamotoi, N. mikurensis, Rickettsia spp., and A. phagocytophilum were detected in 2.8%, 0.17%, 2.6%, 6.8%, and 0% of the ticks attached to rodents, respectively. Borrelia afzelii was transmitted by 4 rodents to 41.2% of the xenodiagnostic ticks, B. miyamotoi by 3 rodents to 23.8%, and N. mikurensis was transmitted by 6 rodents to 41.0% of the xenodiagnostic ticks. None of the tested rodent transmitted Rickettsia spp. or A. phagocytophilum to I. ricinus xenodiagnostic larvae. This study showed that rodents are reservoir hosts for B. miyamotoi and N. mikurensis in Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Burri
- Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology of Parasites, Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - O Schumann
- Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology of Parasites, Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - C Schumann
- Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology of Parasites, Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - L Gern
- Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology of Parasites, Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Diatta G, Souidi Y, Granjon L, Arnathau C, Durand P, Chauvancy G, Mané Y, Sarih M, Belghyti D, Renaud F, Trape JF. Epidemiology of tick-borne borreliosis in Morocco. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1810. [PMID: 23029574 PMCID: PMC3441398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence in Morocco of Argasid ticks of the Ornithodoros erraticus complex, the vector of tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) in North Africa, has been known since 1919, but the disease is rarely diagnosed and few epidemiological data are available. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Between 2006 and 2011, we investigated the presence of Ornithodoros ticks in rodent burrows in 34 sites distributed across Morocco. We also collected small mammals in 10 sites and we investigated TBRF in febrile patients in Kenitra district. The prevalence of Borrelia infections was assessed by nested PCR amplification in ticks and the brain tissue of small mammals, and by evaluation of thick blood films in patients. A high proportion of burrows were infested with ticks of the O. erraticus complex in all regions of Morocco, with a mean of 39.5% for the whole country. Borrelia infections were found in 39/382 (10.2%) of the ticks and 12/140 (8.6%) of the rodents and insectivores studied by PCR amplification, and 102 patients tested positive by thick blood film. Five small mammalian species were found infected: Dipodillus campestris, Meriones shawi, Gerbillus hoogstrali, Gerbillus occiduus and Atelerix algirus. Three Borrelia species were identified in ticks and/or rodents: B. hispanica, B. crocidurae and B. merionesi. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Tick populations belonging to O. erraticus complex are widely distributed in Morocco and a high proportion of ticks and small mammals are infected by Borrelia species. Although rarely diagnosed, TBRF may be a common cause of morbidity in all regions of Morocco.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georges Diatta
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire de Paludologie et de Zoologie Médicale, UMR 198, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Yassine Souidi
- Faculté des Sciences de Kénitra, Université Ibn Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco
- Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Laurent Granjon
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations, UMR 22, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Céline Arnathau
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 5290 MIVEGEC IRD/CNRS/UM, BP 64501, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Durand
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 5290 MIVEGEC IRD/CNRS/UM, BP 64501, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Chauvancy
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire de Paludologie et de Zoologie Médicale, UMR 198, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Youssouph Mané
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire de Paludologie et de Zoologie Médicale, UMR 198, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Driss Belghyti
- Faculté des Sciences de Kénitra, Université Ibn Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco
| | - François Renaud
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations, UMR 22, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Jean-François Trape
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire de Paludologie et de Zoologie Médicale, UMR 198, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Schulze TL, Jordan RA, White JC, Roegner VE, Healy SP. Geographical distribution and prevalence of selected Borrelia, Ehrlichia, and Rickettsia infections in Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) in New Jersey. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2011; 27:236-244. [PMID: 22017087 DOI: 10.2987/11-6111.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We used published accounts to describe the known statewide distribution of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, in New Jersey and field surveys to characterize the geographical range of A. americanum and selected A. americanum-transmitted pathogens in Monmouth County, the hypothesized northern limit of the species distribution. Ticks were collected using standardized methods from 50 widely dispersed public access areas within 18 municipalities to produce estimates of relative abundance among sites. Collected A. americanum adults were stored at -80 degrees C until processed for DNA extraction. Individual ticks were subjected to polymerase chain reaction analyses to detect the presence of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, E. ewingii, Rickettsia amblyommii, and Borrelia lonestari. The range of A. americanum was generally limited to the southern half of New Jersey. Within Monmouth County, we collected A. americanum from 9 of 18 municipalities (50%) and 24 (48%) of the surveyed properties. We found at least 1 pathogen at 17 (70.8%) sites located within 6 of 9 municipalities, while all 4 target pathogens were detected in 5 of those 6 (83.3%) municipalities. The geographical distribution of A. americanum and its associated pathogens appeared to be restricted to the southern portion of the county. Possible factors governing the distribution are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry L Schulze
- Terry L. Schulze, Ph.D., Inc., 9 Evergreen Court, Perrineville, NJ 08535, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nafeev AA. [Quality assessment of antiepidemic measures in feral herd infections]. Med Parazitol (Mosk) 2011:55-56. [PMID: 21476263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
|
30
|
Scott MC, Rosen ME, Hamer SA, Baker E, Edwards H, Crowder C, Tsao JI, Hickling GJ. High-prevalence Borrelia miyamotoi infection among [corrected] wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Tennessee. J Med Entomol 2010; 47:1238-1242. [PMID: 21175079 DOI: 10.1603/me10075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
During spring and fall 2009, 60 wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) harvested by Tennessee hunters were surveyed for Borrelia spp. by sampling their blood, tissue, and attached ticks. In both seasons, 70% of turkeys were infested with juvenile Amblyomma americanum; one spring turkey hosted an adult female Ixodes brunneus. Polymerase chain reaction assays followed by DNA sequencing indicated that 58% of the turkeys were positive for the spirochete Borrelia miyamotoi, with tissue testing positive more frequently than blood (P = 0.015). Sequencing of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer indicated > or = 99% similarity to previously published sequences of the North American strain of this spirochete. Positive turkeys were present in both seasons and from all seven middle Tennessee counties sampled. No ticks from the turkeys tested positive for any Borrelia spp. This is the first report of B. miyamotoi in birds; the transmission pathways and epidemiological significance of this high-prevalence spirochetal infection remain uncertain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Scott
- Center for Wildlife Health, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pukhovskaia NM, Rar VA, Ivanov LI, Vysochina NP, Igolkina IP, Fomenko NV, Zaraĭchenkova NV, Plashkova VV, Oreshkina SG, Mal'tseva IP, Chistov VA, Chechikova VA. [PCR detection of the causative agents of infections transmitted by ticks on the Kamchatka Peninsula]. Med Parazitol (Mosk) 2010:36-39. [PMID: 21400710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
There has been recently a rise in referrals for Ixodes tick bites in the spring and summer periods in the Kamchatka Territory. Among the dominant tick species, there has been the taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus habiting the extensive areas of the southern and central parts of the peninsula. Examination of 84 I. persulcatus females collected from human beings and domestic animals in 2003 to 2007 detected DNA of the pathogens of tick-borne borreliosis (B. burgdorferi sensu lato), rickettsiasis (R. tarasevichiae and R. helvetica), and Ehrlichiosis/anaplasmosis (A. phagocytophilum). Tick-borne encephalitis RNA and antigens and babesiasis DNA were not found in the study samples. Despite the small number of taiga ticks in Kamchatka, the detection of the pathogens of various infectious diseases in the ticks suggests that there may be a risk for contamination of the peninsula's population with these pathogens.
Collapse
|
32
|
Fomenko NV, Livanova NN, Borgoiakov VI, Kozlova IV, Shulaĭkina IV, Pukhovskaia NM, Tokarevich KN, Livanov SG, Doroshchenko EK, Ivanov LI. [Detection of Borrelia miyamotoi in ticks Ixodes persulcatus from Russia]. Parazitologiia 2010; 44:201-211. [PMID: 20795483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Unfed adult Ixodes persulcatus ticks from five regions of Russia were examined to analyze the distribution and diversity of Borrelia miyamotoi. DNA of B. miyamotoi was found in 1.8% of ticks from Leningrad Oblast, 2.9% from Sverdlovsk, 4.5% from Novosibirsk, 2.3% from Irkutsk Oblast, and 2.5% from Khabarovsk Krai. The molecular typing of the B. miyamotoi DNA was based on the partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA, p66, and glpQ genes. The only genetic variant of B. miyamotoi was detected in all samples of ticks collected from these five territories.
Collapse
|
33
|
Herman-Giddens ME. RE: Endemic tickborne infectious diseases in Louisiana and the Gulf south. J La State Med Soc. 2009 Nov-Dec; 161(6):325-339. J La State Med Soc 2010; 162:64-65. [PMID: 20521734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
|
34
|
Diaz JH. Endemic tickborne infectious diseases in Louisiana and the Gulf South. J La State Med Soc 2009; 161:325-6, 328, 330-1 passim. [PMID: 20108827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Most emerging infectious diseases today, such as West Nile virus and sudden acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS), arise from zoonotic reservoirs and many are transmitted by arthropod vectors. Ticks are among the most competent and versatile arthropod vectors of infectious diseases because ticks of all ages and both sexes remain infectious for generations without having to reacquire infections from reservoir hosts. Today, ticks transmit the most common arthropod-borne infectious disease in the United States (US), Lyme disease (LD); and the most lethal arthropod-borne infectious disease in the US, Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). Both LD and RMSF are endemic in Louisiana and the Gulf South. Ticks have also become frequent vectors of emerging zoonotic diseases in the Gulf South, including southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI), transmitted by the lone star tick, and Maculatum disease, transmitted by the Gulf Coast tick. Recent environmental changes and human lifestyle choices now place humans and ticks together outdoors in the Gulf South for longer periods in welcoming ecosystems for breeding, blood-feeding, and infectious disease transmission. An increasing incidence of emerging and re-emerging, endemic infectious diseases transmitted by existing and unanticipated tick vectors may be expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James H Diaz
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nafeev AA, Fefelova EV. [Causes affecting the incidence of Ixodes tick-borne borreliosis]. Med Parazitol (Mosk) 2009:42-44. [PMID: 19827516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
|
36
|
Kharitonenkov IG, Masuzawa T, Okamoto I, Fukui T, Trifonov IV, Reznikov IP, Rumiantsev AG. [Assessment of rate of infection with agents of bacterial infections in ticks captured on one of the Moscow park terrains]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2009:14-17. [PMID: 19621812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the rate of infection of ticks captured one of the Moscow park terrains with bacteria (agents of tick borreliosis and anaplasmosis). MATERIALS AND METHODS Rates of infection of dried ticks with agents of main tick-borne bacterial infections (tick borreliosis and anaplasmosis) were determined by nested PCR. RESULTS In May-June 2006, 76 ticks (40 adult females, 36 adult, males) belonged to Ixodes ricinus species were captured by the method "on flag". Number of ticks on the chosen terrain was 1.77 ticks per km2. 22.4% of ticks (12 females and 5 males) were positive for the agent of tick borreliosis--spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato which is pathogenic for humans. The main detected pathogen was Euro-Asian genovariant of B. garinii--7 female and 5 male ticks (70.6% from total number of infected ticks) were infected with it. Five female ticks were infected with genovariant of B. afzelii. One female tick (1.2%) was infected with B. valaisiana. CONCLUSION Anaplasma A. phagocytophilum causing human granulocytic anaplasmosis was not detected in captured adult ticks.
Collapse
|
37
|
Zajkowska J, Moniuszko AM, Czupryna P, Pancewicz SA, Grygorczuk S, Kondrusik M. [STARI--a new tick borne spirochetosis]. Przegl Epidemiol 2009; 63:19-22. [PMID: 19522220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Southern Tick Associated Rash Illness (STARI), also known as Masters disease is caused by Borrelia lonestari spirochetes and it is transmitted by Amblyomma americanum tick. Early symptoms of STARI are similar to early Lyme borreliosis (skin rash resembling Erythema migrans). In diagnostic of STARI traditional methods are not effective. The decision of antibiotic treatment (similar to Lyme borreliosis) still remain based on clinical picture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Zajkowska
- Klinika Chorób Zakaźnych i Neuroinfekcji Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Białymstoku.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ataliba AC, Resende JS, Yoshinari N, Labruna MB. Isolation and molecular characterization of a Brazilian strain of Borrelia anserina, the agent of fowl spirochaetosis. Res Vet Sci 2007; 83:145-9. [PMID: 17222877 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Revised: 11/25/2006] [Accepted: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Borrelia anserina the agent of fowl spirochaetosis, has a worldwide distribution, where it is transmitted by Argas spp. ticks. The present study reports the first molecular characterization and in vitro isolation of an avian spirochaete strain from Brazil, presumably identified as B. anserina originated from naturally infected Argas miniatus ticks. DNA fragments of the rrs and flab genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced to determine phylogenetic similarities. The resulting sequences were 99.8% (483 of 484) and 98.7% (754 of 764) similar to GenBank corresponding sequences of B. anserina rrs and flaB genes, respectively. By neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis, the flaB sequence of the Brazilian strain clustered in a monophyletic group with the sequence of B. anserina under 100% bootstrap support. The isolate was successfully isolated in BSK medium, with seven passages performed. The spirochaete strain isolated in the present study was genetically identified as B. anserina labeled as strain PL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre C Ataliba
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rainer Oehme
- Baden-Wuerttemberg State Health Office, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Peter Kimmig
- Baden-Wuerttemberg State Health Office, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Skachkov MV, Iakovlev AG, Plotnikova OA, Mamedova NM, Nazarenko SV, Petrishcheva GV. [Role of various Ixodes ticks as vectors of the causative agents of tick-borne encephalitis and borrelioses in the Orenburg Region]. Med Parazitol (Mosk) 2007:27-30. [PMID: 17912831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
|
41
|
Abstract
Lyme disease is the most commonly reported vector-borne disease in the United States and is transmitted by Borrelia burgdorferi-infected Ixodes species. The disease is typically characterized by an erythema migrans (EM) rash at the site of tick feeding. EM rashes have also been associated with feeding by Amblyomma americanum ticks despite evidence suggesting that they are incompetent vectors for Lyme disease. In 1996, a Borrelia organism only recently cultivated in the laboratory was described in A. americanum ticks and designated B. lonestari. This Borrelia is believed to be the etiologic agent of a novel Lyme-like disease, southern tick associated rash illness (STARI). This study examined ticks collected from eight eastern states to evaluate the epidemiology of B. lonestari, B. burgdorferi, and their tick hosts. Three hundred individual or small pool samples were evaluated from tick genera that included Amblyomma, Ixodes, and Dermacentor. DNA was extracted following tick homogenization and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using primers derived from the flagellin gene that amplify sequences from both B. burgdorferi and B. lonestari. Species specific digoxigenin labeled probes were designed and used to differentiate between B. burgdorferi and B. lonestari. Borrelia DNA was detected in approximately 10% of the A. americanum and I. scapularis tick samples, but none was present in any of the Dermacentor samples tested. Positive samples were detected in ticks collected from Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, and Virginia. This is the first known report of B. lonestari from Massachusetts and New York and the first detection in I. scapularis. This suggests that B. lonestari and its putative association with STARI may be more widespread than previously thought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Taft
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Amore G, Tomassone L, Grego E, Ragagli C, Bertolotti L, Nebbia P, Rosati S, Mannelli A. Borrelia lusitaniae in immature Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) feeding on common wall lizards in Tuscany, central Italy. J Med Entomol 2007; 44:303-7. [PMID: 17427701 DOI: 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[303:bliiir]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Lizards and small rodents were live captured in Tuscany, central Italy, from May through August 2005. Prevalence of infestation by larval Ixodes ricinus L. (Acari: Ixodidae) and mean numbers of larvae per host were not significantly different for common wall lizards, Podarcis muralis Laurenti, and Apodemus spp. mice, whereas infestation levels by nymphs were significantly greater on lizards. Borrelia lusitaniae, which was previously shown to be dominant in host-seeking I. ricinus in the same study area, was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 19.8% (95% confidence interval: 14.4, 26.0) of larval ticks and in 52.9% (27.8, 77.0) of nymphs that were collected from lizards. Moreover, 18.8% (7.2, 36.4) and 25.0 (3.2, 65.1) of lizards' tail biopsies and blood samples, respectively, were positive for B. lusitaniae. Conversely, attached ticks and ear biopsies from Apodemus spp. mice were PCR negative. Passerine birds belonging to 10 species were live captured in March 2005, and Borrelia valaisiana was detected in 57.1% (18.4, 90.1) of I. ricinus nymphs feeding on Eurasian blackbirds, Turdus merula L. Results of this study suggest that lizards play an important role as reservoirs for B. lusitanae and may affect the dominance of this genospecies in the Mediterranean area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Amore
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Epidemiologia, Ecologia, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci, 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Paddock CD, Yabsley MJ. Ecological havoc, the rise of white-tailed deer, and the emergence of Amblyomma americanum-associated zoonoses in the United States. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2007; 315:289-324. [PMID: 17848069 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-70962-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two infectious diseases, and one presumably infectious disease, each vectored by or associated with the bite of the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum), were identified and characterized by clinicians and scientists in the United States during the 1980s and 1990s. These three conditions-human monocytic (or monocytotropic) ehrlichiosis (HME), Ehrlichia ewingii ehrlichiosis, and southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI)-undoubtedly existed in the United States prior to this time. However, the near-simultaneous recognition of these diseases is remarkable and suggests the involvement of a unifying process that thrust multiple pathogens into the sphere of human recognition. Previous works by other investigators have emphasized the pivotal role of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the emergence of Lyme disease, human babesiosis, and human granulocytic anaplasmosis. Because whitetails serve as a keystone host for all stages of lone star ticks, and an important reservoir host for Ehrlichia chaffeensis, E. ewingii, and Borrelia lonestari, the near-exponential growth of white-tailed deer populations that occurred in the eastern United States during the twentieth century is likely to have dramatically affected the frequency and distribution of A. americanum-associated zoonoses. This chapter describes the natural histories of the pathogens definitively or putatively associated with HME, E. ewingii ehrlichiosis, and STARI; the role of white-tailed deer as hosts to lone star ticks and the agents of these diseases; and the cascade of ecologic disturbances to the landscape of the United States that have occurred during the last 200 years that provided critical leverage in the proliferation of white-tailed deer, and ultimately resulted in the emergence of these diseases in human populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C D Paddock
- Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Neuroborreliosis has become the most frequently recognized tick-borne infection of the nervous system in Europe and the United States. In addition to dermatological, cardiac, articular, and neurologic manifestations, psychiatric disorders such as depression, panic attacks, and schizophrenia-like psychosis can also arise. We report on a 61-year-old woman who developed a severe pain syndrome following several tick bites. She was diagnosed with neuroborreliosis; she received various courses of antibiotics over several years, but without any clinical improvement in her condition. Her eventual admission to a psychiatric ward due to mental symptoms and neuroleptic treatment led to a dramatic improvement of her pain symptoms. However, increasing delusions disclosed a psychotic episode, which ceased over time. We discuss therapeutic difficulties and psychiatric complications in the absence of a clear-cut diagnosis of neuroborreliosis. Although this patient might have suffered from late-onset schizophrenia with painful hallucinations right from the start of her disease, the case highlights psychiatric complications that might be associated with neuroborreliosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Jürgen Bär
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The aim of the study was to chart incidence and clinical features of tick-borne relapsing fever in Tanzania. Consecutive patients with fever and spirochetes demonstrated in a thick blood smear at Haydom Lutheran Hospital from 1 January to 31 December 2003 underwent clinical and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination. Forty-four patients were included, making an estimated minimum annual incidence of 11 per 100 000 population in this region. The mortality rate was 2.3% (95% CI = 0-12). The most frequent complaints were generalized malaise (93%), headache (86%), nausea and vomiting (52%). None of the patients [0% (95% CI = 0-8)] had focal neurological symptoms. Cell count in CSF was normal in 22 and slightly elevated (6-12 leukocytes/mm(3)) in 20 patients. Two of three pregnancies had a poor outcome. Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions, bleeding complications and ocular manifestations were infrequent. In conclusion, tick-borne relapsing fever is a common disease in the Northern highland of Tanzania, but in contrast to other parts of the world, neurological involvement is uncommon in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Mayegga
- Haydom Lutheran Hospital, Haydom, p.o. Mbulu, Tanzania
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nafeev AA. [Risk of infection of tick-borne borrelioses infection among the population of the Ulyanovsk region]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2005:111-2. [PMID: 16146242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
|
47
|
Abstract
Lyme borreliosis, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, is a multi-organ infection with dermatological, rheumatological, neurological, and cardiac manifestations. The main characteristic is a skin lesion, named erythema migrans. Relapsing fever, caused by numerous species of Borrelia, is characterized by a periodic cycle of acute and afebrile episodes. The serological diagnosis of these infections has limited value in sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. Lyme borreliosis is usually diagnosed by recognition of a characteristic clinical picture with serological confirmation, and the diagnosis of relapsing fever relies on direct observation of spirochetes in peripherical blood. The elected treatment is almost always tetracycline for the young or for adults but not for pregnant women, although betalactamic (such as penicillin or 3rd generation cephalosporin for the central nervous system) or macrolides are indicated in several situations. The prognosis, with adequate treatment, is good. In the majority of Spanish regions, due to the low incidence of these diseases, the prophylactic antimicrobial treatment after a tick bite is not indicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Escudero-Nieto
- Laboratorio de Espiroquetas y Patógenos Especiales, Servicio de Bacteriología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, ISCIII. Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Nefeev AA. [Investigation on mixed natural foci of zoonotic infections]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2005:117-8. [PMID: 15881957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
|
49
|
Utenkova EO, Iastrebov VK, Bondarenko AL, Oparina LV. [Epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis in the Kirov region]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2005:113-4. [PMID: 15881955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
|
50
|
Wormser GP, Masters E, Liveris D, Nowakowski J, Nadelman RB, Holmgren D, Bittker S, Cooper D, Wang G, Schwartz I. Microbiologic evaluation of patients from Missouri with erythema migrans. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40:423-8. [PMID: 15668867 PMCID: PMC2773674 DOI: 10.1086/427289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2004] [Accepted: 09/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borrelia lonestari infects Amblyomma americanum, the tick species that is the most common cause of tick bites in southeast and south-central United States, and this spirochete has been detected in an erythema migrans (EM)-like skin rash in 1 patient. Therefore, B. lonestari is considered to be a leading candidate for the etiologic agent of EM in this region. METHODS Skin biopsy specimens obtained from patients from the Cape Girardeau area of Missouri who had EM-like lesions were cultured in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly medium and evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting multiple genes. Serum specimens were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies against sonicated whole-cell Borrelia burgdorferi. Results were compared with those obtained over the same period for patients from New York State who had EM. RESULTS B. lonestari was not detected by PCR in any of 31 skin biopsy specimens collected from 30 Missouri patients. None of 19 cultures of Missouri skin samples that were suitable for evaluation were positive for B. burgdorferi, compared with 89 (63%) of 142 cultures of samples collected from New York State patients (P<.001). None of the 25 evaluable Missouri patients were seropositive for antibodies against B. burgdorferi, compared with 107 (75%) of 143 New York State patients (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Neither B. lonestari nor B. burgdorferi is likely to be the cause of EM-like skin lesions in patients from the Cape Girardeau area of Missouri. The etiology of this condition remains unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary P Wormser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|