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Kong S, Ding L, Fan C, Li Y, Wang C, Wang K, Xu W, Shi X, Wu Q, Wang F. Global analysis of lysine acetylome reveals the potential role of CCL18 in non-small cell lung cancer. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2000144. [PMID: 33570763 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
C-C motif chemokine 18 (CCL18) belongs to the chemokine CC family and is predominantly secreted by M2-tumor-associated macrophages. It has been reported to be associated with various diseases and malignancies. Previous studies showed that CCL18 promotes metastasis by activating downstream kinases. However, it remains unknown whether CCL18 regulates post-translational modifications, other than phosphorylation, during tumorigenesis. Here, we demonstrate that CCL18 is up-regulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is involved in regulating the lysine acetylome in A549 cells. Using the combination of SILAC labeling and high-efficiency acetylation enrichment methods, we identified 1372 lysine acetylation (Kac) sites on 796 proteins in CCL18-treated A549 cells. Among the identified Kac sites, 147 from 126 proteins were down-regulated and seven from five proteins were up-regulated with fold changes more than two and the p-value less than 0.05. Bioinformatics analysis further showed that the proteins with down-regulated acetylation play critical roles in glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and pentose phosphate pathway in A549 cells. These results suggest that CCL18 may be involved in the development of NSCLC by regulating acetylation of the proteins in many fundamental cellular processes, especially the metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Kong
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Chenkun Fan
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 23001, China
| | - Chi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 23001, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Weilong Xu
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xuanming Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Quan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 23001, China
| | - Fengsong Wang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
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2
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Atanes P, Lee V, Huang GC, Persaud SJ. The role of the CCL25-CCR9 axis in beta-cell function: potential for therapeutic intervention in type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 2020; 113:154394. [PMID: 33058852 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chemokines are known to play essential roles mediating immunity and inflammation in many physiological and pathophysiological processes, with reports linking their action to the development of obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Given our findings of highly upregulated mRNA expression of the chemokine receptor CCR9 in islets from obese human donors, we have determined the effects of CCR9 activation by CCL25 on islet function and viability. BASIC PROCEDURES RT-qPCR was used to measure expression of 384 GPCR mRNAs in human islets from organ donors with normal and elevated BMI. mRNA encoding CCR9, a receptor that was highly upregulated in islets from obese donors, was also quantified in islets from lean and high-fat diet (HFD) mice. The effects of CCR9 activation by exogenous CCL25 in human and mouse islets and its inhibition by the CCR9 antagonist vercirnon on insulin secretion, apoptosis and cAMP accumulation were examined using standard techniques. MAIN FINDINGS The qPCR analysis showed altered expression of several GPCRs in islets isolated from lean and obese donors. CCR9 displayed over 90-fold upregulation in islets from obese individuals, and it was also significantly upregulated in islets from obese mice. In isolated human and mouse islets exogenous CCL25 inhibited glucose-induced insulin secretion in a concentration-dependent manner, enhanced cytokine-induced apoptosis and significantly reduced forskolin-induced elevation in cAMP levels. These detrimental effects of CCL25 in islets were blocked by vercirnon, which had no effect on its own. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS We have shown that CCL25 acts via the Gαi-coupled receptor CCR9 to impair beta-cell function by inhibiting insulin secretion and promoting cytokine-induced apoptosis. Upregulation of CCR9 in islets in obesity, possibly secondary to accumulation of passenger immune cells, may predispose to metabolic dysfunction and our data suggest that CCL25 downregulation or CCR9 inhibition could be explored to treat T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Atanes
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
| | - Vivian Lee
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
| | - Guo Cai Huang
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
| | - Shanta J Persaud
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
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Burkhardt AM, Perez-Lopez A, Ushach I, Catalan-Dibene J, Nuccio SP, Chung LK, Hernandez-Ruiz M, Carnevale C, Raffatellu M, Zlotnik A. CCL28 Is Involved in Mucosal IgA Responses, Olfaction, and Resistance to Enteric Infections. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:214-223. [PMID: 30855201 PMCID: PMC6479244 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
CCL28 is a mucosal chemokine that has been involved in various responses, including IgA production. We have analyzed its production in human tissues using a comprehensive microarray database. Its highest expression is in the salivary gland, indicating that it is an important component of saliva. It is also expressed in the trachea, bronchus, and in the mammary gland upon onset of lactation. We have also characterized a Ccl28-/- mouse that exhibits very low IgA levels in milk, and the IgA levels in feces are also reduced. These observations confirm a role for the CCL28/CCR10 chemokine axis in the recruitment of IgA plasmablasts to the lactating mammary gland. CCL28 is also expressed in the vomeronasal organ. We also detected olfactory defects (anosmia) in a Ccl28-/- mouse suggesting that CCL28 is involved in the function/development of olfaction. Importantly, Ccl28-/- mice are highly susceptible to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in an acute model of infection, indicating that CCL28 plays a major role in innate immunity against Salmonella in the gut. Finally, microbiome studies revealed modest differences in the gut microbiota between Ccl28-/- mice and their cohoused wild-type littermates. The latter observation suggests that under homeostatic conditions, CCL28 plays a limited role in shaping the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Burkhardt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Araceli Perez-Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Irina Ushach
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Jovani Catalan-Dibene
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Sean-Paul Nuccio
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Lawton K. Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Marcela Hernandez-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Christina Carnevale
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (CU-UCSD-cMAV), University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Albert Zlotnik
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
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Sakumoto R, Hayashi KG, Fujii S, Kanahara H, Hosoe M, Furusawa T, Kizaki K. Possible Roles of CC- and CXC-Chemokines in Regulating Bovine Endometrial Function during Early Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040742. [PMID: 28362325 PMCID: PMC5412327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the possible roles of chemokines in regulating bovine endometrial function during early pregnancy. The expression of six chemokines, including CCL2, CCL8, CCL11, CCL14, CCL16, and CXCL10, was higher in the endometrium at 15 and 18 days of pregnancy than at the same days in non-pregnant animals. Immunohistochemical staining showed that chemokine receptors (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CXCR3) were expressed in the epithelial cells and glandular epithelial cells of the bovine endometrium as well as in the fetal trophoblast obtained from a cow on day 18 of pregnancy. The addition of interferon-τ (IFNT) to an endometrial tissue culture system increased CCL8 and CXCL10 expression in the tissues, but did not affect CCL2, CCL11, and CCL16 expression. CCL14 expression by these tissues was inhibited by IFNT. CCL16, but not other chemokines, clearly stimulated interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) and myxovirus-resistance gene 1 (MX1) expression in these tissues. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expression decreased after stimulation with CCL8 and CCL14, and oxytocin receptor (OTR) expression was decreased by CCL2, CCL8, CCL14, and CXCL10. Collectively, the expression of chemokine genes is increased in the endometrium during early pregnancy. These genes may contribute to the regulation of endometrial function by inhibiting COX2 and OTR expression, subsequently decreasing prostaglandin production and preventing luteolysis in cows.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cattle
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- Chemokines, CC/metabolism
- Chemokines, CC/physiology
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Chemokines, CXC/metabolism
- Chemokines, CXC/physiology
- Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Embryo Implantation/genetics
- Embryo Implantation/physiology
- Endometrium/cytology
- Endometrium/metabolism
- Endometrium/physiology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Immunohistochemistry
- Pregnancy
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Receptors, Oxytocin/genetics
- Receptors, Oxytocin/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Time Factors
- Tissue Culture Techniques
- Trophoblasts/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Sakumoto
- Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.
| | - Ken-Go Hayashi
- Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.
| | - Shiori Fujii
- Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Kanahara
- Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.
| | - Misa Hosoe
- Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Furusawa
- Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
| | - Keiichiro Kizaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.
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5
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Walford GA, Gustafsson S, Rybin D, Stančáková A, Chen H, Liu CT, Hong J, Jensen RA, Rice K, Morris AP, Mägi R, Tönjes A, Prokopenko I, Kleber ME, Delgado G, Silbernagel G, Jackson AU, Appel EV, Grarup N, Lewis JP, Montasser ME, Landenvall C, Staiger H, Luan J, Frayling TM, Weedon MN, Xie W, Morcillo S, Martínez-Larrad MT, Biggs ML, Chen YDI, Corbaton-Anchuelo A, Færch K, Gómez-Zumaquero JM, Goodarzi MO, Kizer JR, Koistinen HA, Leong A, Lind L, Lindgren C, Machicao F, Manning AK, Martín-Núñez GM, Rojo-Martínez G, Rotter JI, Siscovick DS, Zmuda JM, Zhang Z, Serrano-Rios M, Smith U, Soriguer F, Hansen T, Jørgensen TJ, Linnenberg A, Pedersen O, Walker M, Langenberg C, Scott RA, Wareham NJ, Fritsche A, Häring HU, Stefan N, Groop L, O'Connell JR, Boehnke M, Bergman RN, Collins FS, Mohlke KL, Tuomilehto J, März W, Kovacs P, Stumvoll M, Psaty BM, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Meigs JB, Dupuis J, Ingelsson E, Florez JC. Genome-Wide Association Study of the Modified Stumvoll Insulin Sensitivity Index Identifies BCL2 and FAM19A2 as Novel Insulin Sensitivity Loci. Diabetes 2016; 65:3200-11. [PMID: 27416945 PMCID: PMC5033262 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have found few common variants that influence fasting measures of insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized that a GWAS of an integrated assessment of fasting and dynamic measures of insulin sensitivity would detect novel common variants. We performed a GWAS of the modified Stumvoll Insulin Sensitivity Index (ISI) within the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-Related Traits Consortium. Discovery for genetic association was performed in 16,753 individuals, and replication was attempted for the 23 most significant novel loci in 13,354 independent individuals. Association with ISI was tested in models adjusted for age, sex, and BMI and in a model analyzing the combined influence of the genotype effect adjusted for BMI and the interaction effect between the genotype and BMI on ISI (model 3). In model 3, three variants reached genome-wide significance: rs13422522 (NYAP2; P = 8.87 × 10(-11)), rs12454712 (BCL2; P = 2.7 × 10(-8)), and rs10506418 (FAM19A2; P = 1.9 × 10(-8)). The association at NYAP2 was eliminated by conditioning on the known IRS1 insulin sensitivity locus; the BCL2 and FAM19A2 associations were independent of known cardiometabolic loci. In conclusion, we identified two novel loci and replicated known variants associated with insulin sensitivity. Further studies are needed to clarify the causal variant and function at the BCL2 and FAM19A2 loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Walford
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Denis Rybin
- Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Alena Stančáková
- University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jaeyoung Hong
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Richard A Jensen
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ken Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, U.K. Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Graciela Delgado
- Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Günther Silbernagel
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Emil V Appel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joshua P Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - May E Montasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Claes Landenvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Harald Staiger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | | | - Weijia Xie
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Sonsoles Morcillo
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Teresa Martínez-Larrad
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mary L Biggs
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Arturo Corbaton-Anchuelo
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Miguel Gómez-Zumaquero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain Sequencing and Genotyping Platform, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland Department of Medicine and Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aaron Leong
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Fausto Machicao
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alisa K Manning
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Gracia María Martín-Núñez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospitales Regional Universitario y Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Gemma Rojo-Martínez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - David S Siscovick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Zhongyang Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Manuel Serrano-Rios
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ulf Smith
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Federico Soriguer
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben J Jørgensen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark Research Center for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Linnenberg
- Research Center for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jeff R O'Connell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Richard N Bergman
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Francis S Collins
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Winfried März
- Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim and Augsburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Integrated Research and Treatment (IFB) Center AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA Group Health Cooperation, Seattle, WA
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - James B Meigs
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Lin Z, Li W, Zhang H, Wu W, Peng Y, Zeng Y, Wan Y, Wang J, Ouyang N. CCL18/PITPNM3 enhances migration, invasion, and EMT through the NF-κB signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3461-8. [PMID: 26449829 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) has been associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis. Here, we demonstrated a novel mechanism through which CCL18 enhances cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC. (1) Using immunohistochemistry, we analyzed the expression of PITPNM3, a molecule that correlated with CCL18 signaling, in 149 HCC tissue specimens. The results showed that PITPNM3 expression is highly associated with tumor metastasis and differentiation; (2) in vitro experiments showed that CCL18 enhances cell migration, invasion, and EMT in PITPNM3((+)) HCC cells but not in PITPNM3((-)) cells. Silencing of PITPNM3 by short interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited the induction of cell migration, invasion, and EMT by CCL18; (3) Cell migration, invasion, and EMT induced by CCL18 accompanied with the phosphorylation of IKK and IKBα as well as p65 nuclear translocation in PITPNM3((+)) HCC cells, but not in the cells that PITPNM3 is silenced with siRNA, implying that the activation of NF-κB signaling is involved in the action of CCL18/PITPNM3. These results suggest that CCL18 enhances HCC cell migration, invasion, and EMT through the expression of PITPNM3 and the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Heyun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yaorong Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yunjie Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yunle Wan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Nengtai Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Karlsson C, Baudet A, Miharada N, Soneji S, Gupta R, Magnusson M, Enver T, Karlsson G, Larsson J. Identification of the chemokine CCL28 as a growth and survival factor for human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Blood 2013; 121:3838-42, S1-15. [PMID: 23509159 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-02-481192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In an attempt to discover novel growth factors for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), we have assessed cytokine responses of cord blood (CB)-derived CD34(+) cells in a high-content growth factor screen. We identify the immunoregulatory chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28 (CCL28) as a novel growth factor that directly stimulates proliferation of primitive hematopoietic cells from different ontogenetic origins. CCL28 enhances the functional progenitor cell content of cultured cells by stimulating cell cycling and induces gene expression changes associated with survival. Importantly, addition of CCL28 to cultures of purified putative hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) significantly increases the ability of the cells to long-term repopulate immunodeficient mice compared with equivalent input numbers of fresh cells. Together, our findings identify CCL28 as a potent growth-promoting factor with the ability to support the in vitro and in vivo functional properties of cultured human hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Karlsson
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Gould NS, Min E, Martin RJ, Day BJ. CFTR is the primary known apical glutathione transporter involved in cigarette smoke-induced adaptive responses in the lung. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1201-6. [PMID: 22266045 PMCID: PMC3920665 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
One of the most abundant antioxidants in the lung is glutathione (GSH), a low-molecular-weight thiol, which functions to attenuate both oxidative stress and inflammation. GSH is concentrated in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of the lung and can be elevated in response to the increased oxidant burden from cigarette smoke (CS). However, the transporter(s) responsible for the increase in ELF GSH with cigarette smoke is not known. Three candidate apical GSH transporters in the lung are CFTR, BCRP, and MRP2, but their potential roles in ELF GSH transport in response to CS have not been investigated. In vitro, the inhibition of CFTR, BCRP, or MRP2 resulted in decreased GSH efflux in response to cigarette smoke extract. In vivo, mice deficient in CFTR, BCRP, or MRP2 were exposed to either air or acute CS. CFTR-deficient mice had reduced basal and CS-induced GSH in the ELF, whereas BCRP or MRP2 deficiency had no effect on ELF GSH basal or CS-exposed levels. Furthermore, BCRP or MRP2 deficiency had little effect on lung tissue GSH. These data indicate that CFTR is predominantly involved in maintaining basal ELF GSH and increasing ELF GSH in response to CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal S. Gould
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Elysia Min
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | - Richard J. Martin
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Brian J. Day
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
- Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
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10
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Nebel D. Functional importance of estrogen receptors in the periodontium. Swed Dent J Suppl 2012:11-66. [PMID: 22479908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The main functions of estrogen are associated with reproduction. However, estrogen has been shown to be of functional importance also in non-classic target organs. Previous studies, especially epidemiologic and clinical ones, have addressed estrogen's influence on periodontitis, suggesting that estrogen has a beneficial effect, but the biological mechanisms have not been identified. Estrogen exerts genomic effects in the target cells by binding to the nuclear receptors, estrogen receptor (ERs), ERalpha and ERbeta. The expression of the two subtypes of ERs varies depending on the tissue. The overall objectives of this thesis were to study the functional importance of estrogen receptors in the periodontium with special focus on inflammation, and stimulators of inflammation and their signaling pathways. The thesis is based on the following five papers. In Paper I, effects of estrogen on E. coli LPS-induced PDL cell production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are assessed, by using ELISA. Furthermore, effects of LPS and estrogen on the normal characteristics of the PDL cell such as collagen synthesis and cell proliferation is determined by using L-[3H]proline incorporation and measurement of DNA synthesis, respectively. KEY FINDINGS E. coli LPS stimulates PDL cell IL-6 and MCP-1 production but has no effect on the normal physiological properties of PDL cells. LPS-induced IL-6 and MCP-1 is not reversed by estrogen suggesting that estrogen has no anti-inflammatory effect in these experiments. In Paper II, we investigate the effects of ovariectomy and aging on tooth attachment in female mice by using morphometric analysis. KEY FINDINGS Withdrawal of female sex hormone production by ovariectomy has no effect on alveolar bone height and apical termination of the junctional epithelium. In a second series of experiments these parameters are similar in mice sacrificed at 8-26 weeks of age, suggesting that tooth attachment is preserved with age in mice within a period of six months. In Paper III, the objective is to investigate the regulation of CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1alpha, and CCL5/RANTES chemokines by estrogen in human PDL cells by determining mRNA transcript levels (using quantitative real-time PCR) and protein levels (using ELISA). KEY FINDINGS A physiological concentration of estrogen reduces the expression of CCL3 mRNA by about 40% compared to PDL cells treated with LPS alone. In contrast, inter-individual differences in the effects of estrogen on CCL5 mRNA expression are observed. These findings indicate that estrogen affects chemokine expression in PDL cells showing a complex pattern involving down-regulation as well as up-regulation of chemokines. Estrogen exerts both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects through these mechanisms. In Paper IV, ER expression in human gingival biopsies, and effects of estrogen on cultured gingival epithelial cell (HGEP) proliferation, are investigated. Expression of ERalpha and ERbeta is determined by immunohistochemistry and effects of estrogen on HGEP proliferation monitored by measuring DNA synthesis. KEY FINDINGS HGEP cells show strong ERbeta immunoreactivity but low ERalpha immunoreactivity both in vivo and in culture, suggesting that ERbeta is the predominant ER subtype in HGEP. High, but not low, concentrations of estrogen attenuates proliferation of gingival epithelial cells, indicating a concentration-dependent mechanism. In Paper V, the objective is to investigate the effects of LPS from Escherichia coli and Porphyromonas gingivalis on IL-6 production in human PDL cells and endothelial cells, and the signaling mechanisms involved. Quantitative real-time PCR is used to determine IL-6 mRNA levels and ELISA to determine IL-6 protein. KEY FINDINGS E. coli LPS (but not P. gingivalis LPS) stimulates IL-6 production in PDL cells. Treatment with the non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME reduces IL-6 by 30%, while aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, does not affect IL-6 levels, showing a mechanism probably involving nitric oxide formation via endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Treatment with the glucocorticoid steroid dexamethasone totally prevents-E. coli LPS-induced IL-6 in PDL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nebel
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Sweden
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Chen J, Yao Y, Gong C, Yu F, Su S, Chen J, Liu B, Deng H, Wang F, Lin L, Yao H, Su F, Anderson KS, Liu Q, Ewen ME, Yao X, Song E. CCL18 from tumor-associated macrophages promotes breast cancer metastasis via PITPNM3. Cancer Cell 2011; 19:541-55. [PMID: 21481794 PMCID: PMC3107500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can influence cancer progression and metastasis, but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that breast TAMs abundantly produce CCL18, and its expression in blood or cancer stroma is associated with metastasis and reduced patient survival. CCL18 released by breast TAMs promotes the invasiveness of cancer cells by triggering integrin clustering and enhancing their adherence to extracellular matrix. Furthermore, we identify PITPNM3 as a functional receptor for CCL18 that mediates CCL18 effect and activates intracellular calcium signaling. CCL18 promotes the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer xenografts, whereas suppressing PITPNM3 abrogates these effects. These findings indicate that CCL18 derived from TAMs plays a critical role in promoting breast cancer metastasis via its receptor, PITPNM3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Chen
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun-Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun-Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, No. 2 Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yandan Yao
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun-Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun-Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Chang Gong
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun-Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun-Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Fengyan Yu
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun-Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun-Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shicheng Su
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun-Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun-Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun-Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun-Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Bodu Liu
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun-Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun-Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, and University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Fengsong Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, and University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun-Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun-Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Herui Yao
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun-Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun-Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Fengxi Su
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun-Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun-Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Karen S. Anderson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qiang Liu
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun-Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun-Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark E. Ewen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, and University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Correspondence: (E.S.), (X.Y.)
| | - Erwei Song
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun-Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun-Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Correspondence: (E.S.), (X.Y.)
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several studies have investigated whether CCL3L1 copy number variation (CNV) influences the risk of HIV-1 infection, there are still no clear conclusions. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis using two models to generate a more robust estimate of the association between CCL3L1 CNV and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. METHODS We divided the cases and controls into two parts as individuals with CCL3L1 gene copy number (GCN) above the population specific median copy number (PMN) and individuals with CCL3L1 GCN below PMN, respectively. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were given for the main analysis. We also conducted stratified analyses by ethnicity, age group and sample size. Relevant literatures were searched through PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge up to March 2010. RESULTS In total, 9 studies with 2434 cases and 4029 controls were included. ORs for the main analysis were 1.35 (95% CI, 1.02-1.78, model: GCN ≤ PMN Vs. GCN > PMN) and 1.70 (95% CI, 1.30-2.23, model: GCN < PMN Vs. GCN ≥ PMN), respectively. Either in stratified analysis, statistically significant results can be detected in some subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses indicate that CCL3L1 CNV is associated with susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. A lower copy number is associated with an increased risk of HIV-1 infection, while a higher copy number is associated with reduced risk for acquiring HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- SiJie Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - DongLin Ding
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - HuanZhang Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Mussa BM, Sartor DM, Verberne AJM. Dorsal vagal preganglionic neurons: differential responses to CCK1 and 5-HT3 receptor stimulation. Auton Neurosci 2010; 156:36-43. [PMID: 20346737 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) is the main source of the vagal innervation of the pancreas. Several studies in vitro have demonstrated that the DMV consists of a heterogeneous population of preganglionic neurons but little is known about their electrophysiological characteristics in vivo. The aims of this study were to (i) identify DMV preganglionic neurons in vivo with axons in the pancreatic vagus and (ii) characterize their responses to stimulation of cholecystokinin (CCK(1)) and serotonin (5-HT(3)) receptors which are major regulators of pancreatic secretion. Male Sprague Dawley rats anaesthetised with isoflurane (1.5%/100% O(2)) were used throughout. Dorsal vagal preganglionic neurons were identified by antidromic activation in response to stimulation of the pancreatic vagus. Dorsal vagal preganglionic neurons had axonal conduction velocities in the C-fibre range (0.7+/-0.03 m/s). Forty-four neurons were identified within the rostral, intermediate and caudal DMV and thirty-eight were tested for responsiveness to CCK-8S (CCK(1) agonist) and phenylbiguanide (PBG; 5-HT(3) receptor agonist). CCK-8S and PBG (0.1-10 microg/kg, i.v.) produced three types of response: (i) preganglionic neurons in the intermediate DMV were inhibited by CCK-8S (n=18) and PBG (n=10), (ii) neurons in the caudal DMV were activated by CCK (n=5) and PBG (n=2) and (iii) CCK-8S (n=9) and PBG (n=7) had no effect on preganglionic neurons in the rostral DMV. CCK-8S and PBG have complex actions on preganglionic neurons in the DMV that may be related to their effects on pancreatic secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashair M Mussa
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
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Kim J, Kim YS, Ko J. CK beta 8/CCL23 induces cell migration via the Gi/Go protein/PLC/PKC delta/NF-kappa B and is involved in inflammatory responses. Life Sci 2009; 86:300-8. [PMID: 19951712 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS CKbeta8/CCL23 is a CC chemokine and alternative splicing of the CKbeta8 gene produces two mRNAs that encode CKbeta8 and its isoform CKbeta8-1. Although it has been reported that CKbeta8 and CKbeta8-1 are implicated in leukocyte trafficking and development of inflammation, the exact roles of these two chemokines in immune responses and the associated chemotaxis signaling are still obscure. MAIN METHODS To understand the mechanism of CKbeta8- and CKbeta8-1-induced chemotaxis signaling, we examined the chemotactic activities of osteogenic sarcoma cells expressing CC chemokine receptor 1 in response to CKbeta8 and CKbeta8-1. We also examined involvement of CKbeta8 and CKbeta8-1 in inflammatory responses by determining the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory molecules induced by two chemokines and expressions of these chemokines in foam cells. KEY FINDINGS Results from a chemotaxis assay using various inhibitors for signaling molecules showed that the chemotaxis signal pathway induced by both CKbeta8 and CKbeta8-1 was mediated via the G(i)/G(o) protein, phospholipase C (PLC) and protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta). Treatment with a nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) inhibitor reduced the chemotactic activities of CKbeta8 and CKbeta8-1, and NF-kappaB was activated in response to CKbeta8 and CKbeta8-1. In addition, CKbeta8 and CKbeta8-1 increased mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules. The mRNA levels of CKbeta8 and CKbeta8-1 were increased in foam cells. SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate that both CKbeta8 and CKbeta8-1 transduce the chemotaxis signal through the G(i)/G(o) protein, PLC, PKCdelta, and NF-kappaB, and that CKbeta8 and CKbeta8-1 probably play important roles in inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghan Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
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Olsnes AM, Hatfield KJ, Bruserud Ø. The chemokine system and its contribution to leukemogenesis and treatment responsiveness in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. J BUON 2009; 14 Suppl 1:S131-S140. [PMID: 19785055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine family consists of approximately 50 small (8-14 kDa), basic proteins that are expressed and released by a wide range of normal and malignant cells. Most chemokines act through heptahelical transmembrane G protein- coupled receptors. Based on their molecular structure these cytokines are divided into the two major subgroups CCL and CXCL chemokines that bind to CCR or CXCR receptors respectively. Primary human acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells show constitutive release of a wide range of chemokines, but the chemokine release profile differs between patients. Among the commonly expressed chemokines are proangiogenic CXCL8, antiangiogenic CXCL4/9-11 and several leukocyte-chemotactic chemokines. Systemic serum levels of leukocyte-chemotactic chemokines depend both on patient age, disease status, the chemotherapy regimen and development of complicating infections. The local chemokine network in human AML is probably further modulated by the hypoxic bone marrow microenvironment and the local release of chemokines by nonleukemic bone marrow stromal cells. Usually primary AML cells also express several chemokine receptors. Specific chemokine inhibitors are now being developed, including chemokine-neutralizing or receptor-blocking antibodies, antisense strategies, receptor-blocking small molecules or inhibitors of downstream signaling. The use of CXCR4-antagonists for mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells has been documented in several clinical studies. Although animal studies suggest that chemokine inhibition also may become useful in the treatment of graft versus host disease, the possible use of chemokine-targeting therapy for other indications than stem cell mobilization requires further studies.
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MESH Headings
- Chemokines/genetics
- Chemokines/physiology
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- Chemokines, CC/physiology
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Chemokines, CXC/physiology
- Humans
- Interleukin-8/genetics
- Interleukin-8/physiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/physiopathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/physiology
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Olsnes
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital and The University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Pacheco-Rodriguez G, Kumaki F, Steagall WK, Zhang Y, Ikeda Y, Lin JP, Billings EM, Moss J. Chemokine-enhanced chemotaxis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis cells with mutations in the tumor suppressor TSC2 gene. J Immunol 2009; 182:1270-7. [PMID: 19155472 PMCID: PMC2947111 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.3.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is characterized by cystic lung destruction caused by LAM cells (smooth-muscle-like cells) that have mutations in the tumor suppressor genes tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) 1 or 2 and have the capacity to metastasize. Since chemokines and their receptors function in chemotaxis of metastatic cells, we hypothesized that LAM cells may be recruited by chemokine(s) in the lung. Quantification of 25 chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from LAM patients and healthy volunteers revealed that concentrations of CCL2, CXCL1, and CXCL5 were significantly higher in samples from LAM patients than those from healthy volunteers. In vitro, CCL2 or MCP-1 induced selective migration of cells, showing loss of heterozygosity of TSC2 from a heterogeneous population of cells grown from explanted LAM lungs. Additionally, the frequencies of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the CCL2 gene promoter region differed significantly in LAM patients and healthy volunteers (p = 0.018), and one polymorphism was associated significantly more frequently with the decline of lung function. The presence (i.e., potential functionality) of chemokine receptors was evaluated using immunohistochemistry in lung sections from 30 LAM patients. Expression of chemokines and these receptors varied among LAM patients and differed from that seen in some cancers (e.g., breast cancer and melanoma cells). These observations are consistent with the notion that chemokines such as CCL2 may serve to determine mobility and specify the site of metastasis of the LAM cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Pacheco-Rodriguez
- Translational Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Fumiyuki Kumaki
- Translational Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Wendy K. Steagall
- Translational Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yi Zhang
- Translational Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yoshihiko Ikeda
- Translational Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jing-Ping Lin
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Eric M. Billings
- Integrative Computational Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Joel Moss
- Translational Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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18
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Zhou C, Wu J, Borillo J, Torres L, McMahon J, Lou YH. Potential roles of a special CD8 alpha alpha+ cell population and CC chemokine thymus-expressed chemokine in ovulation related inflammation. J Immunol 2009; 182:596-603. [PMID: 19109193 PMCID: PMC2683592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that ovulation may be an inflammatory process. However, it remains elusive how immune cells participate in this process. We have identified a novel CD8alpha alpha(+) population, which resembles tissue dendritic cells, in the theca of antral follicles. We further observed a dramatic influx of the CD8alpha alpha(+) cells into the ovulating follicles. This CD8alpha alpha(+) population was absent in the ovary of estradiol-induced anovulatory C31F(1) mice and subfertile athymic nude mice. Expression of a CC chemokine thymus-expressed chemokine (TECK) has previously been found in the ovary; we further demonstrated that TECK attracted CD8alpha alpha(+) cells into the ovary. Anti-TECK Ab, elicited in the female mice by active immunization, depleted the ovarian CD8alpha alpha(+) cells in vivo. Mice with a high titer of TECK Ab failed to ovulate after superovulation induction. More importantly, the immunized mice had greatly reduced fertility, which was positively correlated with the Ab titers. Ovarian TECK expression was normal in anovulatory C31F(1) mice, suggesting that infertility in the immunized mice is due to a block of CD8alpha alpha(+) cell migration. Finally, the origin of ovarian CD8alpha alpha(+) cells was explored. Upon being transferred, thymic CD8alpha(+) cells were able to home to the theca of follicles in the recipients. Thus, ovarian CD8alpha alpha(+) cells, which participate in the ovulation-related inflammation, may originate in the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Zhou
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences DB, Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jean Wu
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences DB, Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jason Borillo
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences DB, Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Lisa Torres
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences DB, Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - John McMahon
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Ya-Huan Lou
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences DB, Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
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19
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Gupta S, Erdmann G, Schulz-Maronde S, Escher SE, Richter R, Forssmann WG, Elsner J, Forssmann U. n-Nonanoyl-CCL14 (NNY-CCL14), a novel inhibitor of allergic airway inflammation is a partial agonist of human CCR2. Allergy 2008; 63:1317-23. [PMID: 18782110 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01787.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modulation of leukocyte recruitment through blocking of chemokine receptors has been proposed as an attractive therapeutic strategy. We have previously demonstrated that n-Nonanoyl-CC chemokine ligand 14 (NNY-CCL14), a modified analog of the naturally occurring chemokine CCL14(9-74) internalizes and desensitizes human CCR3 resulting in the inactivation of eosinophils. However, inhibitory effects of NNY-CCL14 in murine models of allergic airway inflammation are assigned to its interaction with CCR1 and CCR5. AIM OF THE STUDY As CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 have been shown to play important roles in the development of Th2 inflammation, we further evaluated the effects of NNY-CCL14 treatment on CCL2-mediated activation of CCR2. METHODS Effects of NNY-CCL14 treatment were studied on cell lines transfected with human CCR2 and primary leukocytes. Functional effects were assessed by calcium efflux assays, flow cytometry and chemotaxis. RESULTS Prestimulation with NNY-CCL14 desensitized CCR2-mediated responses to further stimulation with its selective ligand CCL2. No significant internalization of CCR2 was observed when the cells were stimulated with NNY-CCL14, even at concentrations eliciting maximal [Ca(2+)]i mobilization. Above all, NNY-CCL14 pretreatment blocked CCL2-induced chemotaxis of monocytes. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that NNY-CCL14 is a partial agonist of CCR2, inhibiting responses of monocytes to the CCR2-selective ligand CCL2. NNY-CCL14 attenuates CCR2-mediated responses by rapidly desensitizing the receptor and preventing chemotaxis, although it is able to induce calcium mobilization but does not lead to CCR2 internalization. Hence this study provides further insights into the possible mechanisms of action of NNY-CCL14, which interacts with multiple chemokine receptors inhibiting the migration and activation of different cell populations involved, thus acting as a potential therapeutic compound to alleviate allergic inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Allergic Agents/chemistry
- Anti-Allergic Agents/metabolism
- Anti-Allergic Agents/therapeutic use
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Cell Line
- Cell Migration Inhibition/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CCL11/chemistry
- Chemokine CCL11/physiology
- Chemokine CCL11/therapeutic use
- Chemokines, CC/chemistry
- Chemokines, CC/physiology
- Chemokines, CC/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/physiology
- Inflammation Mediators/therapeutic use
- Mice
- Receptors, CCR2/agonists
- Receptors, CCR2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, CCR2/biosynthesis
- Respiratory Hypersensitivity/drug therapy
- Respiratory Hypersensitivity/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gupta
- Clinic of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
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20
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Abstract
Chemokines are a family of small, structurally related molecules that regulate cell trafficking of various types of leukocytes through interactions with their seven-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptors. Their major function is the recruitment of leukocytes to inflammation sites, but they also play roles in tumor growth, angiogenesis, organ sclerosis, and autoimmunity. A variety of evidence has accumulated to support the concept that thyroid follicular cells as well as intrathyroidal lymphocytes are able to produce CC and CXC chemokines, which, in turn, promote the initiation and maintenance of an inflammatory process resulting in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). Overexpression of several chemokines in AITD has been demonstrated. Moreover, alterations of CCL2, CCL5, CXCL9, and CXCL10 have been shown in circulation of many patients with AITD. In subjects with Graves' disease, antithyroid drug treatment, radioactive iodine ablation, and thyroidectomy can significantly reduce CXCL10 levels. The measurement of chemokines in serum of AITD patients might provide a useful parameter for the evaluation and prediction of disease activity and progression. Further experimental and clinical studies will expand our understanding of the clinical implications of chemokine detection and the effects of chemokines on the pathogenesis of AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Coelho AL, Schaller MA, Benjamim CF, Orlofsky AZ, Hogaboam CM, Kunkel SL. The chemokine CCL6 promotes innate immunity via immune cell activation and recruitment. J Immunol 2007; 179:5474-82. [PMID: 17911634 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.8.5474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Septic syndrome is a consequence of innate immune failure. Recent studies showed that the CC chemokine CCL6 enhanced antimicrobial immunity during experimental sepsis through an unknown mechanism. The present study demonstrates that transgenic CCL6 expression abolishes mortality in a septic peritonitis model via the modulation of resident peritoneal cell activation and, more importantly, through the recruitment of IFN-producing NK cells and killer dendritic cells into the peritoneum. Thus, CCL6 attenuates the immune failure during sepsis, in part, through a protective type 1-cytokine mediated mechanism.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokines, CC/biosynthesis
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- Chemokines, CC/physiology
- Dendritic Cells/cytology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Immunity, Innate
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Macrophage Activation/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/cytology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Peritoneum/cytology
- Peritoneum/immunology
- Peritoneum/metabolism
- Peritonitis/immunology
- Peritonitis/metabolism
- Peritonitis/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Coelho
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Tumor-stromal interaction is implicated in many stages of tumor development, although it remains unclear how genetic lesions in tumor cells affect stromal cells. We have recently shown that inactivation of transforming growth factor-beta family signaling within colon cancer epithelium increases chemokine CC chemokine ligand 9 (CCL9) and promotes recruitment of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-expressing stromal cells that carry CC chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1), the cognate receptor for CCL9. We have further shown that lack of CCR1 prevents the accumulation of MMP-expressing cells at the invasion front and suppresses tumor invasion. These results provide the possibility of a novel therapeutic strategy for advanced cancer--prevention of the recruitment of MMP-expressing cells by chemokine receptor antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Kitamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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23
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Fiorucci G, Olivetta E, Chiantore MV, Federico M. Microarray analysis reveals CCL24/eotaxin-2 as an effector of the pathogenetic effects induced by HIV-1 Nef. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2007; 4:12-23. [PMID: 17630924 DOI: 10.2174/157016307781115502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 Nef is a regulatory protein critically involved in AIDS pathogenesis. We previously demonstrated that extracellular Nef is efficiently internalized by human primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), thereby activating a number of transcription factors including STATs, MAPKs, IRF-3, and NF-kappaB. Such an activation state leads to the release of inflammatory factors whose paracrine effects deserve deep consideration. Here, we demonstrate that quiescent CD4 lymphocytes undergo cell activation when cultivated in supernatants from autologous MDMs treated with extracellular wt Nef but not with its counterpart mutated in the (72)PxxP(75) polyproline domain. Of a pathogenetic relevance, this effect coupled with the sensitization of quiescent CD4 lymphocytes to HIV-1 infection. By microarray assay, we found that the CCL24/eotaxin-2 gene was up-regulated in MDMs treated with wt Nef but not with the (72)AxxA(75) mutant. In addition, the higher transcription activity correlated with a significant increase of the CCL24/Eotaxin-2 release. Finally, we observed that anti-CCL24/eotaxin-2 antibodies efficiently neutralized the stimulatory effect on CD4 lymphocytes of supernatants from MDMs treated with extracellular Nef. Overall, these data support the idea that CCL24/eotaxin-2 is part of the mechanism of CD4 lymphocyte activation paracrinally induced by Nef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Fiorucci
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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24
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Castelletti E, Lo Caputo S, Kuhn L, Borelli M, Gajardo J, Sinkala M, Trabattoni D, Kankasa C, Lauri E, Clivio A, Piacentini L, Bray DH, Aldrovandi GM, Thea DM, Veas F, Nebuloni M, Mazzotta F, Clerici M. The mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine (MEC/CCL28) modulates immunity in HIV infection. PLoS One 2007; 2:e969. [PMID: 17912348 PMCID: PMC1989139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2007] [Accepted: 08/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CCL28 (MEC) binds to CCR3 and CCR10 and recruits IgA-secreting plasma cells (IgA-ASC) in the mucosal lamina propria (MLP). Mucosal HIV-specific IgA are detected in HIV-infection and exposure. The CCL28 circuit was analyzed in HIV-infected and-exposed individuals and in HIV-unexposed controls; the effect of CCL28 administration on gastrointestinal MLP IgA-ASC was verified in a mouse model. Methodology/Findings CCL28 was augmented in breast milk (BM) plasma and saliva of HIV-infected and –exposed individuals; CCR3+ and CCR10+ B lymphocytes were increased in these same individuals. Additionally: 1) CCL28 concentration in BM was associated with longer survival in HIV vertically-infected children; and 2) gastro-intestinal mucosal IgA-ASC were significantly increased in VSV-immunized mice receiving CCL28. Conclusions CCL28 mediates mucosal immunity in HIV exposure and infection. CCL28-including constructs should be considered in mucosal vaccines to prevent HIV infection of the gastro-intestinal MLP via modulation of IgA-ASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Castelletti
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Laboratorio Interdisciplinare Technologie Avanzate (LITA) Vialba, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Lo Caputo
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, Antella, Firenze, Italy
| | - Louise Kuhn
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Manuela Borelli
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Laboratorio Interdisciplinare Technologie Avanzate (LITA) Vialba, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Johanna Gajardo
- Laboratory of Retroviral and Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Development, IRD/UR178, Montpellier, France
| | - Moses Sinkala
- Lusaka District Health Management Team, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Daria Trabattoni
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Laboratorio Interdisciplinare Technologie Avanzate (LITA) Vialba, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Chipepo Kankasa
- University Teaching Hospital, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Eleonora Lauri
- Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Clivio
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Laboratorio Interdisciplinare Technologie Avanzate (LITA) Vialba, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Piacentini
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Laboratorio Interdisciplinare Technologie Avanzate (LITA) Vialba, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Grace M. Aldrovandi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Donald M. Thea
- Center for International Health and Development, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Francisco Veas
- Laboratory of Retroviral and Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Development, IRD/UR178, Montpellier, France
| | - Manuela Nebuloni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Mazzotta
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, Antella, Firenze, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Center for International Health and Development, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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25
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Grayson MH, Ramos MS, Rohlfing MM, Kitchens R, Wang HD, Gould A, Agapov E, Holtzman MJ. Controls for lung dendritic cell maturation and migration during respiratory viral infection. J Immunol 2007; 179:1438-48. [PMID: 17641009 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.3.1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells are ideally suited to orchestrate the innate and adaptive immune responses to infection, but we know little about how these cells respond to infection with common respiratory viruses. Paramyxoviral infections are the most frequent cause of serious respiratory illness in childhood and are associated with an increased risk of asthma. We therefore used a high-fidelity mouse model of paramyxoviral respiratory infection triggered by Sendai virus to examine the response of conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (cDCs and pDCs, respectively) in the lung. We found that pDCs are scarce at baseline but become the predominant population of lung dendritic cells during infection. This recruitment allows for a source of IFN-alpha locally at the site of infection. In contrast, cDCs rapidly differentiate into myeloid cDCs and begin to migrate from the lung to draining lymph nodes within 2 h after viral inoculation. These events cause the number of lung cDCs to decrease rapidly and remain decreased at the site of viral infection. Maturation and migration of lung cDCs depends on Ccl5 and Ccr5 signals because these events are significantly impaired in Ccl5(-/-) and Ccr5(-/-) mice. cDCs failure to migrate to draining lymph nodes in Ccl5(-/-) or Ccr5(-/-) mice is associated with impaired up-regulation of CCR7 that would normally direct this process. Our results indicate that pDCs and cDCs respond distinctly to respiratory paramyxoviral infection with patterns of movement that should serve to coordinate the innate and adaptive immune responses, respectively.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Chemokine CCL5
- Chemokines, CC/deficiency
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- Chemokines, CC/physiology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/pathology
- Dendritic Cells/virology
- Immunosuppression Therapy
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/pathology
- Lung/virology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymph Nodes/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/pathology
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Receptors, CCR5/deficiency
- Receptors, CCR5/genetics
- Receptors, CCR5/physiology
- Respirovirus Infections/immunology
- Respirovirus Infections/pathology
- Respirovirus Infections/virology
- Sendai virus/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell H Grayson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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26
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Gonzalo JA, Qiu Y, Lora JM, Al-Garawi A, Villeval JL, Boyce JA, Martinez-A C, Marquez G, Goya I, Hamid Q, Fraser CC, Picarella D, Cote-Sierra J, Hodge MR, Gutierrez-Ramos JC, Kolbeck R, Coyle AJ. Coordinated involvement of mast cells and T cells in allergic mucosal inflammation: critical role of the CC chemokine ligand 1:CCR8 axis. J Immunol 2007; 179:1740-50. [PMID: 17641040 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.3.1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
CCL1 is the predominant chemokine secreted from IgE-activated human and mouse mast cells in vitro, colocalizes to mast cells in lung biopsies, and is elevated in asthmatic airways. CCR8, the receptor for CCL1, is expressed by approximately 70% of CD4(+) T lymphocytes recruited to the asthmatic airways, and the number of CCR8-expressing cells is increased 3-fold in the airways of asthmatic subjects compared with normal volunteers. In vivo, CCL1 expression in the lung is reduced in mast cell-deficient mice after aeroallergen provocation. Neutralization of CCL1 or CCR8 deficiency results in reduced mucosal lung inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and mucus hypersecretion to a similar degree as detected in mast cell-deficient mice. Adenoviral delivery of CCL1 to the lungs of mast cell-deficient mice restores airway hyperresponsiveness, lung inflammation, and mucus hypersecretion to the degree observed in wild-type mice. The consequences of CCR8 deficiency, including a marked reduction in Th2 cytokine levels, are comparable with those observed by depletion of CD4(+) T lymphocytes. Thus, mast cell-derived CCL1- and CCR8-expressing CD4(+) effector T lymphocytes play an essential role in orchestrating lung mucosal inflammatory responses.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Asthma/immunology
- Asthma/metabolism
- Asthma/pathology
- Bronchial Hyperreactivity/genetics
- Bronchial Hyperreactivity/immunology
- Bronchial Hyperreactivity/pathology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Chemokine CCL1
- Chemokines, CC/biosynthesis
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- Chemokines, CC/physiology
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity/genetics
- Hypersensitivity/immunology
- Hypersensitivity/pathology
- Immunoglobulin E/pharmacology
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Mast Cells/immunology
- Mast Cells/metabolism
- Mast Cells/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Receptors, CCR8
- Receptors, Chemokine/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Chemokine/deficiency
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/physiology
- Respiratory Mucosa/immunology
- Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism
- Respiratory Mucosa/pathology
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/pathology
- Up-Regulation/genetics
- Up-Regulation/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose-Angel Gonzalo
- Department of Mucosal Immunology and Pharmacology, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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27
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Monick MM, Powers LS, Hassan I, Groskreutz D, Yarovinsky TO, Barrett CW, Castilow EM, Tifrea D, Varga SM, Hunninghake GW. Respiratory syncytial virus synergizes with Th2 cytokines to induce optimal levels of TARC/CCL17. J Immunol 2007; 179:1648-58. [PMID: 17641031 PMCID: PMC4060898 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.3.1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a ubiquitous virus that preferentially infects airway epithelial cells, causing asthma exacerbations and severe disease in immunocompromised hosts. Acute RSV infection induces inflammation in the lung. Thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) recruits Th2 cells to sites of inflammation. We found that acute RSV infection of BALB/c mice increased TARC production in the lung. Immunization of BALB/c mice with individual RSV proteins can lead to the development of Th1- or Th2-biased T cell responses in the lung after RSV infection. We primed animals with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing either the RSV fusion (F) protein or the RSV attachment (G) protein, inducing Th1- and Th2-biased pulmonary memory T cell responses, respectively. After RSV infection, TARC production significantly increased in the vaccinia virus G-primed animals only. These data suggest a positive feedback loop for TARC production between RSV infection and Th2 cytokines. RSV-infected lung epithelial cells cultured with IL-4 or IL-13 demonstrated a marked increase in the production of TARC. The synergistic effect of RSV and IL-4/IL-13 on TARC production reflected differential induction of NF kappa B and STAT6 by the two stimuli (both are in the TARC promoter). These findings demonstrate that RSV induces a chemokine TARC that has the potential to recruit Th2 cells to the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M Monick
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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28
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Abstract
Previous studies have shown that secondary lymphoid chemokine, CCL21, can be used for modulation of tumor-specific immune responses. Here, using B16F0 melanoma cells stably expressing CCL21 under the control of cytomegalovirus and ubiquitin promoters, we showed that CCL21-activated immune responses depend on the amount of melanoma-derived chemokine, which, in turn, depends on the strength of the promoter. We showed that ubiquitin promoter-driven expression of CCL21 enabled massive infiltration of tumors with CD4(+)CD25(-), CD8(+) T lymphocytes, and CD11c(+) dendritic cells, and consequent activation of cellular and humoral immune responses sufficient for complete rejection of CCL21-positive melanomas within 3 weeks in all tumor-inoculated mice. Mice that rejected CCL21-positive tumors acquired protective immunity against melanoma, which was transferable to naive mice via splenocytes and central memory T cells. Moreover, melanoma-derived CCL21 facilitated immune-mediated remission of preestablished, distant wild-type melanomas. Overall, these results suggest that elevated levels of tumor-derived CCL21 are required for the activation of strong melanoma-specific immune responses and generation of protective immunologic memory. They also open new perspectives for the development of novel vaccination strategies against melanoma, which use intratumoral delivery of the optimized CCL21-encoding vectors in conjunction with DNA-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Novak
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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29
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Lee JE, Shin HH, Lee EA, Van Phan T, Choi HS. Stimulation of osteoclastogenesis by enhanced levels of MIP-1alpha in BALB/c mice in vitro. Exp Hematol 2007; 35:1100-8. [PMID: 17588479 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2007.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Revised: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 04/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We compared osteoclast (OC) formation in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) from C57BL/6 (B/6) and BALB/c (B/c) mice. After stimulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), enhanced OC formation and higher level of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) were observed in the BMM from B/c mice. In this study, we determined whether MIP-1alpha is responsible for stimulated OC formation in the BMM. MATERIALS AND METHODS OC formation was evaluated in BMM. Expression of MIP-1alpha during OC formation was analyzed at the mRNA and protein levels. Apoptosis of mature OCs was evaluated by observing the degradation of DNA. Activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS After stimulation by RANKL expression of MIP-1alpha at the mRNA and protein levels was much higher in BMM from B/c mice than in BMM from B/6 mice. Transcripts of the MIP-1alpha receptors, CCR1 and CCR5, were present at similar levels in unstimulated BMM of the two strains. Blockade of MIP-1alpha inhibited OC formation, and exogenously added MIP-1alpha stimulated it in RANKL-stimulated BMM. MIP-1alpha affected not only the early precursors but also mature OCs. It prevented apoptosis of mature OCs by activating NF-kappaB, and the effect of RANKL on survival was dependent on its ability to induce MIP-1alpha. CONCLUSIONS MIP-1alpha, induced by RANKL during OC differentiation, increases OC formation by acting on OC progenitor cells, and prolongs survival of mature OC via signaling through NF-kappaB. The enhanced OC formation in BMM from B/c mice could be due to, at least in part, to their higher levels of MIP-1alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
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30
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Wurbel MA, Malissen M, Guy-Grand D, Malissen B, Campbell JJ. Impaired accumulation of antigen-specific CD8 lymphocytes in chemokine CCL25-deficient intestinal epithelium and lamina propria. J Immunol 2007; 178:7598-606. [PMID: 17548595 PMCID: PMC2564614 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.12.7598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CCL25 and CCR9 constitute a chemokine/receptor pair involved in T cell development and in gut-associated immune responses. In this study, we generated CCL25(-/-) mice to answer questions that could not be addressed with existing CCR9(-/-) mice. Similar phenotypes were observed for both CCL25(-/-) and CCR9(-/-) mice, consistent with the notion that CCL25 and CCR9 interact with each other exclusively. We assessed the requirement for CCL25 in generating CCR9(high) CD8 intestinal memory-phenotype T cells and the subsequent accumulation of these cells within effector sites. TCR-transgenic naive CD8 T cells were transferred into wild-type or CCL25-deficient hosts. Oral sensitization with Ag allowed these naive donor cells to efficiently differentiate into CCR9(high) memory-phenotype cells within the mesenteric lymph nodes of wild-type hosts. This differentiation event occurred with equal efficiency in the MLN of CCL25-deficient hosts, demonstrating that CCL25 is not required to induce the CCR9(high) memory phenotype in vivo. However, we found that CCL25 deficiency severely impaired the Ag-dependent accumulation of donor-derived CD8 T cells within both lamina propria and epithelium of the small intestine. Thus, although CCL25 is not necessary for generating memory-phenotype CD8 T cells with "gut-homing" properties, this chemokine is indispensable for their trafficking to the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Wurbel
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Mediterranée, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Marie Malissen
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Mediterranée, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Delphine Guy-Grand
- Cytokines et Développement Lymphoïde, INSERM Unité 668, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Mediterranée, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, France
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. James J. Campbell, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Eugene Braunwald Research Center 511, Boston, MA 02115; E-mail address: or Dr. Bernard Malissen, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Case 906, 13009 Marseille Cedex 09, France; E-mail address: (address requests for CCL25-deficient mice to Dr. B. Malissen)
| | - James J. Campbell
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. James J. Campbell, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Eugene Braunwald Research Center 511, Boston, MA 02115; E-mail address: or Dr. Bernard Malissen, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Case 906, 13009 Marseille Cedex 09, France; E-mail address: (address requests for CCL25-deficient mice to Dr. B. Malissen)
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31
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Miao Z, Premack BA, Wei Z, Wang Y, Gerard C, Showell H, Howard M, Schall TJ, Berahovich R. Proinflammatory proteases liberate a discrete high-affinity functional FPRL1 (CCR12) ligand from CCL23. J Immunol 2007; 178:7395-404. [PMID: 17513790 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.11.7395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Most chemokines have been found to bind to and signal through single or highly related chemokine receptors. However, a single chemokine protein, a processed form of the alternatively spliced CCL23 (CKbeta8/MPIF-1) gene product, potently engages both the "classical" chemokine receptor CCR1, as well as FPRL1, a type of pattern recognition receptor on innate immune cells. However, the mechanism by which the alternative form of CCL23 is processed is unknown. In this study, we show that proteases associated with inflammation cleave CCL23 immediately N-terminal to the 18-residue domain encoded by the alternatively spliced nucleotides, resulting in potent CCR1 and FPRL1 activity. The proteases also cleave CCL23 immediately C-terminal to the inserted domain, producing a typical CC chemokine "body" containing even further-increased CCR1 potency and a released approximately 18-aa peptide with full FPRL1 activity but no activity for CCR1. This peptide, which we term SHAAGtide, is by itself an attractant of monocytes and neutrophils in vitro, recruits leukocytes in vivo, and is 50- to 100-fold more potent than all other natural agents posited to act on FPRL1. The appearance of SHAAGtide appears to be transient, however, as the proinflammatory proteases subsequently cleave within the peptide, abolishing its activity for FPRL1. The sequential activation of a transient FPRL1 ligand and a longer-lived CCR1 ligand within a single chemokine may have important consequences for the development of inflammation or the link between innate and adaptive immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokines, CC/chemistry
- Chemokines, CC/metabolism
- Chemokines, CC/physiology
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/chemistry
- Inflammation Mediators/physiology
- Ligands
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Monocytes/enzymology
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Monocytes/pathology
- Neutrophils/enzymology
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Neutrophils/pathology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/physiology
- Peptide Mapping
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/physiology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Receptors, Formyl Peptide/chemistry
- Receptors, Formyl Peptide/metabolism
- Receptors, Formyl Peptide/physiology
- Receptors, Lipoxin/chemistry
- Receptors, Lipoxin/metabolism
- Receptors, Lipoxin/physiology
- Serine Endopeptidases/chemistry
- Serine Endopeptidases/physiology
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32
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Simson L, Ellyard JI, Dent LA, Matthaei KI, Rothenberg ME, Foster PS, Smyth MJ, Parish CR. Regulation of carcinogenesis by IL-5 and CCL11: a potential role for eosinophils in tumor immune surveillance. J Immunol 2007; 178:4222-9. [PMID: 17371978 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.7.4222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of the immune system in the surveillance of transformed cells has seen a resurgence of interest in the last 10 years, with a substantial body of data in mice and humans supporting a role for the immune system in host protection from tumor development and in shaping tumor immunogenicity. A number of earlier studies have demonstrated that eosinophils, when recruited into tumors, can very effectively eradicate transplantable tumors. In this study, we investigated whether eosinophils also play a role in tumor immune surveillance by determining the incidence of methylcholanthrene (MCA)-induced fibrosarcomas in IL-5 transgenic mice that have greatly enhanced levels of circulating eosinophils, CCL11 (eotaxin-1)-deficient mice that lack a key chemokine that recruits eosinophils into tissues, and the eosinophil-deficient mouse strains, IL-5/CCL11(-/-) and DeltadblGATA. It was found that MCA-induced tumor incidence and growth were significantly attenuated in IL-5 transgenic mice of both the BALB/c and C57BL/6 backgrounds. Histological examination revealed that the protective effect of IL-5 was associated with massively enhanced numbers of eosinophils within and surrounding tumors. Conversely, there was a higher tumor incidence in CCL11(-/-) BALB/c mice, which was associated with a reduced eosinophil influx into tumors. This correlation was confirmed in the eosinophil-deficient IL-5/CCL11(-/-) and DeltadblGATA mouse strains, where tumor incidence was greatly increased in the total absence of eosinophils. In addition, subsequent in vitro studies found that eosinophils could directly kill MCA-induced fibrosarcoma cells. Collectively, our data support a potential role for the eosinophil as an effector cell in tumor immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubov Simson
- Division of Immunology and Genetics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Mills Road Acton, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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33
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Koizumi K, Kozawa Y, Ohashi Y, Nakamura ES, Aozuka Y, Sakurai H, Ichiki K, Doki Y, Misaki T, Saiki I. CCL21 promotes the migration and adhesion of highly lymph node metastatic human non-small cell lung cancer Lu-99 in vitro. Oncol Rep 2007; 17:1511-6. [PMID: 17487412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop new therapy strategies for lung cancer, we established an animal model, which reflects the clinical features of mediastinal lymph node metastasis of lung cancer. This study was designed to determine whether CCL21 induced biological functions associated with the metastasis of highly lymph node metastatic human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) selected by our model. Orthotopic intrapulmonary implantation of human NSCLC (Lu-99 and A549) was performed to analyze the metastatic characteristics of these cells. The expression of CCR7, which is a receptor of CCL21, was detected using CCL19 [also called EBI1-ligand chemokine (ELC)]-Fc chimera by flow cytometric analysis. The effects of CCL21 on the migration, adhesion and growth of human NSCLC were investigated. After orthotopic implantation of human NSCLC cell lines, Lu-99, but not A549, metastasized to mediastinal lymph nodes, forming large size nodules, and expressed CCR7 on the surface. Accordingly, its ligand CCL21 induced chemotactic migration and alpha4beta1-mediated adhesion to VCAM-1 of Lu-99. The expression of CCR7 and vigorous responses to its ligand CCL21 potentially account for lymph node metastasis of a human NSCLC line Lu-99.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Chemokine CCL21
- Chemokines, CC/pharmacology
- Chemokines, CC/physiology
- Chemotaxis
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Receptors, CCR7
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Koizumi
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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34
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Iejima D, Sumita Y, Kagami H, Ando Y, Ueda M. Odontoblast marker gene expression is enhanced by a CC-chemokine family protein MIP-3alpha in human mesenchymal stem cells. Arch Oral Biol 2007; 52:924-31. [PMID: 17532291 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2007.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2006] [Revised: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Macrophage inflammatory protein-3 alpha (MIP-3alpha) is a major CC-chemokine family protein, which serves as a differentiation factor for mesenchymal cells, including osteoblasts and dental pulp cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of MIP-3alpha on human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation in vitro. DESIGN Human mesenchymal stem cells were maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium in the presence or absence of MIP-3alpha and the presence or absence of osteogenic factors (dexamethasone, beta-glycerophoshate and ascorbic acid). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured, and expression of odontoblast and osteoblast markers were examined by RT-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS MIP-3alpha alone did not increase ALP activity, as compared to controls. The combination of MIP-3alpha and osteogenic factors increased ALP activity beyond increases observed with osteogenic factors alone. mRNA expression of the odontoblast marker dspp was only detectable when MIP-3alpha was added together with osteogenic factors at day 7 in three out of four samples. DSP protein level was increased only in the samples treated with both MIP-3alpha and osteogenic factors until day 5. In contrast, MIP-3alpha did not influence levels of the osteoblast markers CBFA1 or BSP. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that MIP-3alpha enhanced gene expression and protein levels of odontoblast-related genes, without affecting levels of the osteogenic proteins CBFA1 or BSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Iejima
- Research and Development Center, Hitachi Medical Corporation, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0804, Japan
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35
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Hoshino A, Kawamura YI, Yasuhara M, Toyama-Sorimachi N, Yamamoto K, Matsukawa A, Lira SA, Dohi T. Inhibition of CCL1-CCR8 interaction prevents aggregation of macrophages and development of peritoneal adhesions. J Immunol 2007; 178:5296-304. [PMID: 17404314 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.8.5296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal adhesions are a significant complication of surgery and visceral inflammation; however, the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of peritoneal adhesions by focusing on the cell trafficking and immune system in the peritoneal cavity. We investigated the specific recruitment of peritoneal macrophages (PMphi) and their expression of chemokine receptors in murine models of postoperative and postinflammatory peritoneal adhesions. PMphi aggregated at the site of injured peritoneum in these murine models of peritoneal adhesions. The chemokine receptor CCR8 was up-regulated in the aggregating PMphi when compared with naive PMphi. The up-regulation of CCR8 was also observed in PMphi, but not in bone marrow-derived Mphi, treated with inflammatory stimulants including bacterial components and cytokines. Importantly, CCL1, the ligand for CCR8, a product of both PMphi and peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) following inflammatory stimulation, was a potent enhancer of CCR8 expression. Cell aggregation involving PMphi and PMCs was induced in vitro in the presence of CCL1. CCL1 also up-regulated mRNA levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in both PMphi and PMCs. CCR8 gene-deficient mice or mice treated with anti-CCL1-neutralizing Ab exhibited significantly reduced postoperational peritoneal adhesion. Our study now establishes a unique autocrine activation system in PMphi and the mechanism for recruitment of PMphi together with PMCs via CCL1/CCR8, as immune responses of peritoneal cavity, which triggers peritoneal adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Hoshino
- Department of Medical Ecology and Informatics, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Abstract
Fibrocytes are supposed to be a circulating connective tissue cell progenitor, which consists of a novel population of peripheral blood cells. This distinct population of blood-borne cells shares markers of leukocytes as well as mesenchymal cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that fibrosis is characteristic of progressive chronic kidney diseases of any etiologies, resulting in kidney failure. We have uncovered that CCR7-positive fibrocytes migrate into the kidney in response to secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC/CCL21) and contribute to kidney fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice. In addition, the blockade of CCL21/CCR7 signaling by anti-CCL21 antibodies reduced kidney fibrosis, which was confirmed by a decrease in fibrosis in CCR7-null mice with concomitant reduction in macrophage recruitment along with reduced renal transcripts of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2). These findings suggest that fibrocytes dependent on CCL21/CCR7 signaling pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis, thereby providing that regulating fibrocytes may provide a novel therapeutic benefit for kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wada
- Division of Blood Purification, Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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37
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Joosten SA, van Meijgaarden KE, Savage NDL, de Boer T, Triebel F, van der Wal A, de Heer E, Klein MR, Geluk A, Ottenhoff THM. Identification of a human CD8+ regulatory T cell subset that mediates suppression through the chemokine CC chemokine ligand 4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:8029-34. [PMID: 17483450 PMCID: PMC1876566 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0702257104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) comprise multiple subsets and are important in controlling immunity and inflammation. However, the induction and mode of action of the various distinct Treg subsets remain ill defined, particularly in humans. Here, we describe a human CD8+ lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3)+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg subset, which suppresses T cells partly through the secretion of CC chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4), which can inhibit T cell activation by interfering with T cell receptor signaling. CD8+ Tregs are expanded by antigen in in vivo-primed donors, and can be detected in pathogen-infected human tissue. This CD8+LAG-3+CD25+FoxP3+CCL4+ Treg subset thus may play a role in immunoregulation in humans, including infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone A. Joosten
- Departments of *Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion
- Infectious Diseases, and
| | | | - Nigel D. L. Savage
- Departments of *Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion
- Infectious Diseases, and
| | - Tjitske de Boer
- Departments of *Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion
- Infectious Diseases, and
| | - Frédéric Triebel
- Immutep S.A., Faculté de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | | | - Emile de Heer
- Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Michèl R. Klein
- Departments of *Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion
- Infectious Diseases, and
| | - Annemieke Geluk
- Departments of *Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion
- Infectious Diseases, and
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Departments of *Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion
- Infectious Diseases, and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, E3Q, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands. E-mail:
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38
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Cittera E, Leidi M, Buracchi C, Pasqualini F, Sozzani S, Vecchi A, Waterfield JD, Introna M, Golay J. The CCL3 Family of Chemokines and Innate Immunity Cooperate In Vivo in the Eradication of an Established Lymphoma Xenograft by Rituximab. J Immunol 2007; 178:6616-23. [PMID: 17475893 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.10.6616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic mAb rituximab induced the expression of the CCL3 and CCL4 chemokines in the human lymphoma line BJAB following binding to the CD20 Ag. Induction of CCL3/4 in vitro was specific, was observed in several cell lines and freshly isolated lymphoma samples and also took place at the protein level in vitro and in vivo. To investigate the role of these beta-chemokines in the mechanism of action of rituximab, we synthesized a N-terminally truncated CCL3 molecule CCL3(11-70), which had antagonist activity on chemotaxis mediated by either CCL3 or BJAB supernatant. We also set up an established s.c. BJAB tumor model in athymic mice. Rituximab, given weekly after tumors had reached 250 mm2, led to complete disappearance of the lymphoma within 2-3 wk. Treatment of mice with cobra venom factor showed that complement was required for rituximab therapeutic activity. Treatment of BJAB tumor bearing mice every 2 days with the CCL3(11-70) antagonist, starting 1 wk before rituximab treatment, had no effect on tumor growth by itself, but completely inhibited the therapeutic activity of the Ab. To determine whether CCL3 acts through recruitment/activation of immune cells, we specifically depleted NK cells, polymorphonuclear cells, and macrophages using mAbs, clodronate treatment, or Rag2-/-cgamma-/- mice. The data demonstrated that these different cell populations are involved in BJAB tumor eradication. We propose that rituximab rapidly activates complement and induces beta-chemokines in vivo, which in turn activate the innate immunity network required for efficient eradication of the bulky BJAB tumor.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
- Burkitt Lymphoma/immunology
- Burkitt Lymphoma/metabolism
- Burkitt Lymphoma/therapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokine CCL3
- Chemokine CCL4
- Chemokines, CC/biosynthesis
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- Chemokines, CC/physiology
- Complement System Proteins/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Multigene Family/genetics
- Multigene Family/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rituximab
- Transplantation, Heterologous/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cittera
- Laboratory of Cellular and Gene Therapy G. Lanzani, Division of Haematology, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, and Section of General Pathology, University of Brescia, Italy
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39
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Abstract
Eosinophils are pleiotropic multi-functional leukocytes involved in initiation and propagation of diverse inflammatory responses. Recent studies examining eosinophil biology have focused on delineating the molecular basis of FIP1L1/PDGRFalpha-fusion gene induced HES, the molecular steps involved in eosinophil recruitment in tumor-associated eosinophilia and EGID, and the role of eosinophils in asthma. In this review, these studies are summarized, focusing on the implications of these findings in the understanding the role of eosinophils in diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation
- Asthma/immunology
- Asthma/physiopathology
- Chemokine CCL11
- Chemokines, CC/physiology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/physiology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Cytokines/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Eosinophil Granule Proteins/physiology
- Eosinophilia/etiology
- Eosinophils/immunology
- Eosinophils/physiology
- Humans
- Hypereosinophilic Syndrome/genetics
- Hypereosinophilic Syndrome/physiopathology
- Inflammation/blood
- Inflammation/etiology
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation Mediators/physiology
- Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/immunology
- Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/complications
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasms/blood
- Neoplasms/complications
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/physiology
- Radiation Chimera
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/physiology
- mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Hogan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.
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40
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Lucendo Villarín AJ, De Rezende L. Esofagitis eosinofílica. Revisión de los conceptos fisiopatológicos y clínicos actuales. Gastroenterología y Hepatología 2007; 30:234-43. [PMID: 17408554 DOI: 10.1157/13100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilc esophagitis (EE) is an emerging disease which is characterized by a dense infiltration of the esophagus by eosinophilic leukocytes. The main symptoms of this disease are dysphagia and frequent food impaction in esophagus, and they are due to a hypersentivity response to different foods or aeroallergens. Eosinophil accumulation in the esophageal epithelium is determined by local production of eosinophilotropic cytokines and chemokines, which have been well defined as a TH2-type hypersensitivity reaction in animal models of the disease. Esophageal epithelium, after T CD4+ lymphocytes stimulation, contains all the necessary cell types for the development of local immunoallergic responses. However, there is increasing data on the significant role that humoral immunity could play in the pathophysiology of EE, by means of the action of IgE over mast cells function. The high density of T CD8+ lymphocytes in inflammatory infiltrate suggests that a TH1-type reaction could also participate in the mechanism of the disease. Proteins contained in cytoplasmic granules of activated eosinophils and mast cells could act over neural and muscular components of the esophageal wall, triggering motor disturbances which can be measured by means of manometric recordings and justify the esophageal symptoms. This paper aims to review the newest clinical aspects of EE and the results of studies directed at investigating the pathophysiology of the disease. Furthermore, we carry out a critical review of available therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo J Lucendo Villarín
- Sección de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General La Mancha Centro, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real, España.
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Veerman KM, Williams MJ, Uchimura K, Singer MS, Merzaban JS, Naus S, Carlow DA, Owen P, Rivera-Nieves J, Rosen SD, Ziltener HJ. Interaction of the selectin ligand PSGL-1 with chemokines CCL21 and CCL19 facilitates efficient homing of T cells to secondary lymphoid organs. Nat Immunol 2007; 8:532-9. [PMID: 17401367 DOI: 10.1038/ni1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) is central to the trafficking of immune effector cells to areas of inflammation through direct interactions with P-selectin, E-selectin and L-selectin. Here we show that PSGL-1 was also required for efficient homing of resting T cells to secondary lymphoid organs but functioned independently of selectin binding. PSGL-1 mediated an enhanced chemotactic T cell response to the secondary lymphoid organ chemokines CCL21 and CCL19 but not to CXCL12 or to inflammatory chemokines. Our data show involvement of PSGL-1 in facilitating the entry of T cells into secondary lymphoid organs, thereby demonstrating the bifunctional nature of this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystle M Veerman
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Fiorina P, Jurewicz M, Tanaka K, Behazin N, Augello A, Vergani A, von Andrian UH, Von Adrian U, Smith NR, Sayegh MH, Abdi R. Characterization of donor dendritic cells and enhancement of dendritic cell efflux with CC-chemokine ligand 21: a novel strategy to prolong islet allograft survival. Diabetes 2007; 56:912-20. [PMID: 17287465 DOI: 10.2337/db06-1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells, yet little data are available on the differential characteristics of donor and recipient DCs (dDCs and rDCs, respectively) during the process of islet allograft rejection. DTR-GFP-DC mice provide a novel tool to monitor DC trafficking and characteristics during allograft rejection. We show rapid migration of dDCs to recipient lymphoid tissues as early as 3 h post-islet allotransplantation. Compared with rDCs, dDCs express different patterns of chemokine receptors, display differential proliferative capacity, and exhibit a higher level of maturity; these findings could be attributed to the effects of injury that dDCs undergo during islet cell preparation and engraftment. Intriguingly, we detected dDCs in the spleen of recipients long after rejection of islet allografts. Given that dDCs express high levels of CCR7, islets were cultured before transplant with the ligand for CCR7 (CCL21). This novel method, which enabled us to enhance the efflux of dDCs from islet preparations, resulted in a prolongation of islet allograft survival in immunocompetent recipients. This study introduces dDCs and rDCs as two distinct types of DCs and provides novel data with clinical implications to use chemokine-based DC-depleting strategies to prolong islet allograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fiorina
- Transplantation Research Center (TRC), Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
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43
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Lu JF, Barron-Casella E, Deering R, Heinzer AK, Moser AB, deMesy Bentley KL, Wand GS, C McGuinness M, Pei Z, Watkins PA, Pujol A, Smith KD, Powers JM. The role of peroxisomal ABC transporters in the mouse adrenal gland: the loss of Abcd2 (ALDR), Not Abcd1 (ALD), causes oxidative damage. J Transl Med 2007; 87:261-72. [PMID: 17260006 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3700512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked adreno-leukodystrophy is a progressive, systemic peroxisomal disorder that primarily affects the adrenal cortex, as well as myelin and axons of the central nervous system. Marked phenotypic heterogeneity does not correlate with disease-causing mutations in ABCD1, which encodes a peroxisomal membrane protein that is a member of the ABC transmembrane transporter proteins. The precise physiological functions of ABCD1 and ABCD2, a closely related peroxisomal membrane half-transporter, are unknown. The abcd1 knockout mouse does not develop the inflammatory demyelination so typical and devastating in adreno-leukodystrophy, but it does display the same lamellae and lipid profiles in adrenocortical cells under the electron microscope as the human patients. The adrenocortical cells in the mouse also exhibit immunohistochemical evidence of oxidative stress at 12 weeks but no evidence of oxidative damage. To better understand the pathogenesis of this complex disease, we evaluate the adrenal lesion of the abcd1 knockout mouse as a function of normal aging, dietary or therapeutic manipulations, and abcd genotype. The loss of abcd2 causes oxidative stress in the adrenal at 12 weeks, as judged by increased immunoreactivity for the mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase, in both the inner cortex and medulla. The loss of abcd2 (n=20), but not abcd1 (n=27), results in the spontaneous and premature deposition of ceroid, a known end-product of oxidative damage, predominantly in adrenal medullary cells. These data indicate that the loss of abcd2 results in greater oxidative stress in murine adrenal cells than the loss of abcd1, providing a clue to its cellular function. We also find that the adrenocortical lesion of the abcd1 knockout mouse does not produce functional impairment at ten to nineteen months or overt hypocortisolism at any age, nor does it progress histologically; these and other data align this mouse model closer to human female heterozygotes than to male ALD or AMN hemizygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh-Feng Lu
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Abstract
In contrast to lymphocyte homing, little is known about molecular cues controlling the motility of lymphocytes within lymphoid organs. Applying intravital two-photon microscopy, we demonstrate that chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling enhances the intranodal motility of CD4+ T cells. Compared to wild-type (WT) cells, the average velocity and mean motility coefficient of adoptively transferred CCR7-deficient CD4+ T lymphocytes in T cell areas of WT recipients were reduced by 33 and 55%, respectively. Both parameters were comparably reduced for WT T lymphocytes migrating in T cell areas of plt/plt mice lacking CCR7 ligands. Importantly, systemic application of the CCR7 ligand CCL21 was sufficient to rescue the motility of WT T lymphocytes inside T cell areas of plt/plt recipients. Comparing the movement behavior of T cells in subcapsular areas that are devoid of detectable amounts of CCR7 ligands even in WT mice, we failed to reveal any differences between WT and plt/plt recipients. Furthermore, in both WT and plt/plt recipients, highly motile T cells rapidly accumulated in the subcapsular region after subcutaneous injection of the CCR7 ligand CCL19. Collectively, these data identify CCR7 and its ligands as important chemokinetic factors stimulating the basal motility of CD4+ T cells inside lymph nodes in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Chemokine CCL19
- Chemokines, CC/metabolism
- Chemokines, CC/physiology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/genetics
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/immunology
- Ligands
- Lymph Nodes/cytology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, CCR7
- Receptors, Chemokine/deficiency
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Receptors, Chemokine/physiology
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Worbs
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Soler D, Chapman TR, Poisson LR, Wang L, Cote-Sierra J, Ryan M, McDonald A, Badola S, Fedyk E, Coyle AJ, Hodge MR, Kolbeck R. CCR8 expression identifies CD4 memory T cells enriched for FOXP3+ regulatory and Th2 effector lymphocytes. J Immunol 2007; 177:6940-51. [PMID: 17082609 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.10.6940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ Th2 cells are important regulators of allergic inflammation. CCR8 is thought to play a role in Th2-mediated responses, however, expression of CCR8 in peripheral blood has not been fully characterized. Using a fluorescent form of the ligand selective for CCR8 (F-CCL1), we identified the leukocytes expressing CCR8 in human, monkey, and mouse peripheral blood. CCR8 expression is primarily restricted to a subset of human CD4 memory T lymphocytes (15%). Approximately 40% of CCR8+CD4+ T cells express Th2 cytokines IL-4 or IL-13 while 13% express the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma. In fact, 50% of all Th2, but only 5% of Th1, cells express CCR8. Upon anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAb-mediated activation, CCR8+CD4+ T cells secrete 3- to 7-fold higher levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13 and 10- to 20-fold lower levels of IFN-gamma or IL-17, compared with CCR8-CD4+ memory T cells. Two-thirds of CCR8+CD4 T cells express cutaneous lymphocyte-associated Ag while the majority lack gut-homing receptors. CCR8+CD4+ cells express CCR7 and CD62L and are present in spleen and lymph nodes of mice. Approximately 25% of CCR8+CD4 T cells express CD25high while 20% of CCR8+CD4+ express the T regulatory cell transcription factor FOXP3 accounting for 60% of all FOXP3-expressing CD4+ T cells. In conclusion, CCR8 marks a diverse subset of CD4 memory T cells enriched for T regulatory and Th2 cells which have the potential for recruitment into sites of allergic inflammation where they could participate in the induction and regulation of the allergic response.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Chemokine CCL1
- Chemokines, CC/physiology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/genetics
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/immunology
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Humans
- Immunologic Memory/genetics
- Immunophenotyping
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Macaca fascicularis
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, CCR8
- Receptors, Chemokine/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Chemokine/blood
- Receptors, Chemokine/deficiency
- Receptors, Chemokine/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/cytology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Soler
- Inflammation, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Harman AN, Wilkinson J, Bye CR, Bosnjak L, Stern JL, Nicholle M, Lai J, Cunningham AL. HIV induces maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and Langerhans cells. J Immunol 2007; 177:7103-13. [PMID: 17082627 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.10.7103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In HIV infection, dendritic cells (DCs) may play multiple roles, probably including initial HIV uptake in the anogenital mucosa, transport to lymph nodes, and subsequent transfer to T cells. The effects of HIV-1 on DC maturation are controversial, with several recent conflicting reports in the literature. In this study, microarray studies, confirmed by real-time PCR, demonstrated that the genes encoding DC surface maturation markers were among the most differentially expressed in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs), derived from human blood, treated with live or aldrithriol-2-inactivated HIV-1(BaL). These effects translated to enhanced cell surface expression of these proteins but differential expression of maturation markers was only partial compared with the effects of a conventional potent maturation stimulus. Such partially mature MDDCs can be converted to fully mature cells by this same potent stimulus. Furthermore, live HIV-1 stimulated greater changes in maturation marker surface expression than aldrithriol-2-inactivated HIV-1 and this enhanced stimulation by live HIV-1 was mediated via CCR5, thus suggesting both viral replication-dependent and -independent mechanisms. These partially mature MDDCs demonstrated enhanced CCR7-mediated migration and are also able to stimulate interacting T cells in a MLR, suggesting DCs harboring HIV-1 might prepare CD4 lymphocytes for transfer of HIV-1. Increased maturation marker surface expression was also demonstrated in native DCs, ex vivo Langerhans cells derived from human skin. Thus, HIV initiates maturation of DCs which could facilitate subsequent enhanced transfer to T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Harman
- Centre for Virus Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
Since CCR6 is a receptor for the chemokine CCL20, which is produced in tissues such as intestine and colon, it is thought that T cells expressing CCR6 are involved in mucosal immunity. The expression and function of CCR6 on human CD8+ T cells have not well been analyzed, although it is known that this receptor is expressed on a subset of human CD8+ T cells. We here characterize human CCR6+ CD8+ T cells. Multi-color flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that CCR6+ cells are predominantly found among CD8+ T cells having the memory phenotype. The expression of CCR6 is positively and negatively correlated with that of CCR5 and CCR7, respectively. CCR6+ CD8+ T cells express granzyme A and a low level of perforin but not granzyme B. In addition, a major population among these cells has the ability to produce IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha but not IL-2. These results indicate that CCR6+ CD8+ T cells have characteristics of early effector memory cells rather than effector or central memory cells. A chemotaxis assay revealed that CCR6+ CD8+ T cells have the ability to migrate in response to CCL20, suggesting that these T cells migrate to tissues such as colon and are involved in mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Kondo
- Division of Viral Immunology, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Saigusa H, Miyazawa T, Suzuki M, Iino Y, Kodera K. [Eosinophil chemoattractants and related factors in nasal polyps]. Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 2006; 109:774-80. [PMID: 17165591 DOI: 10.3950/jibiinkoka.109.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In vitro studies and animal experiments have shown that cytokines and chemokines are closely related to eosinophil migration, activation, and survival. It remains controversial, however, whether some chemokines or cytokines are actually responsible for the accumulation of eosinophils in nasal polyp tissues. We studied cytokines and chemokines in nasal polyp tissues taken from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis to clarify the pathogenesis of eosinophil accumulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nasal polyp tissues obtained from 20 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis were studied. Concentrations of interleukin (IL-) 5, IL-13, eotaxin, regulated upon activation in normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) in homogenates of polyp tissues were measured by ELISA. Nasal polyp tissues were stained by hematoxillin and eosin and were immunostained by an antibody against EG2. The numbers of eosinophils and immunopositive cells for EG2 in the submucosal layer were counted using a microscope. RESULTS No significant differences were seen in the numbers of eosinophils and EG2-positive cells, or in the concentration of IL-5, eotaxin, TARC, RANTES in nasal polyp tissues between patients with and without atopic predisposition. Significant positive correlations existed, however, between the number of eosinophils and IL-5, eotaxin, and TARC concentration. IL-13 concentration was below detection in all patients. CONCLUSION We hound that IL-5, eotaxin, and TARC may play an important role in the accumulation of eosinophils in nasal polyps regardless of the presence of atopic predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Saigusa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo
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50
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D'Avila H, Almeida PE, Roque NR, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Bozza PT. Toll-like receptor-2-mediated C-C chemokine receptor 3 and eotaxin-driven eosinophil influx induced by Mycobacterium bovis BCG pleurisy. Infect Immun 2006; 75:1507-11. [PMID: 17158890 PMCID: PMC1828599 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01326-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An acute and persistent eosinophil infiltration is observed during Mycobacterium bovis BCG pleural infection in mice. Eosinophil accumulation, lipid body formation, and eotaxin production were significantly reduced in BCG-infected Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2)-deficient mice compared to wild-type mice. Neutralization of eotaxin or CCR3 drastically inhibited BCG-induced eosinophil accumulation and lipid body formation, indicating that BCG-induced eosinophil recruitment and activation is largely dependent of TLR2-mediated eotaxin generation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chemokine CCL11
- Chemokines, CC/physiology
- Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil/physiology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/immunology
- Eosinophils/cytology
- Eosinophils/immunology
- Eosinophils/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mycobacterium bovis/immunology
- Receptors, CCR3
- Receptors, Chemokine/physiology
- Toll-Like Receptor 2/deficiency
- Toll-Like Receptor 2/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptor 2/physiology
- Tuberculosis, Pleural/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pleural/metabolism
- Tuberculosis, Pleural/veterinary
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa D'Avila
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacodinâmica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil
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