1
|
Mu L, Yin X, Qiu L, Li J, Mo J, Bai H, Zeng Q, Ye J. CL-K1 Promotes Complement Activation and Regulates Opsonophagocytosis of Macrophages with CD93 Interaction in a Primitive Vertebrate. J Immunol 2024; 212:645-662. [PMID: 38180157 PMCID: PMC10828182 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Collectin is a crucial component of the innate immune system and plays a vital role in the initial line of defense against pathogen infection. In mammals, collectin kidney 1 (CL-K1) is a soluble collectin that has recently been identified to have significant functions in host defense. However, the evolutionary origins of immune defense of CL-K1 and its mechanism in clearance of pathogenic microorganisms remain unclear, especially in early vertebrates. In this study, the Oreochromis niloticus CL-K1 (OnCL-K1) protein was purified and identified, which was capable of binding to two important pathogens of tilapia, Streptococcus agalactiae and Aeromonas hydrophila. Interestingly, OnCL-K1 exhibited direct bactericidal activity by binding to lipoteichoic acid or LPS on cell walls, disrupting the permeability and integrity of the bacterial membrane in vitro. Upon bacterial challenge, OnCL-K1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria, reduced the inflammatory response, and improved the survival of tilapia. Further research revealed that OnCL-K1 could associate with OnMASPs to initiate and regulate the lectin complement pathway. Additionally, OnCD93 reduced the complement-mediated hemolysis by competing with OnMASPs for binding to OnCL-K1. More importantly, OnCL-K1 could facilitate phagocytosis by collaborating with cell surface CD93 in a lectin pathway-independent manner. Moreover, OnCL-K1 also promoted the formation of phagolysosomes, which degraded and killed ingested bacteria. Therefore, this study reveals the antibacterial response mechanism of CL-K1 in primitive vertebrates, including promoting complement activation, enhancing opsonophagocytosis, and killing of macrophages, as well as its internal links, all of which provide (to our knowledge) new insights into the understanding of the evolutionary origins and regulatory roles of the collectins in innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Mu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxue Yin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Qiu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiadong Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinfen Mo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Bai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingliang Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Ye
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang M, Jing Y, Xu W, Shi X, Zhang W, Chen P, Cao X, Han X, Duan X, Ren J. The C-type lectin COLEC10 is predominantly produced by hepatic stellate cells and involved in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:785. [PMID: 38036508 PMCID: PMC10689734 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cell is one of the major nonparenchymal cell types in liver. It has been proved the hepatic stellate cells are activated upon liver injury and produce excessive extracellular matrix to induce liver fibrosis. Single-cell RNA sequencing has been introduced to identify the subpopulations and function of hepatic stellate cells for its remarkable resolution of representation of single-cell transcriptome. According to the re-analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data and pseudotime trajectory inference, we have found the C-type lectins including Colec10 and Colec11 are not produced by hepatocytes but predominantly produced by hepatic stellate cells, especially quiescent ones in the mice livers. In addition, the expression of Colec10 is decreased in the fibrotic livers of CCl4-challenged mice. COLEC10 is also mainly expressed in the hepatic stellate cells of human livers and the expression of COLEC10 is decreased with the progression of liver fibrosis. The bulk RNA sequencing data of the lentivirus transfected LX-2 cells indicates the function of COLEC10 is associated with inflammation, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix alteration. Surprisingly, the in vitro overexpression of COLEC10 in LX-2 cells promotes the mRNA expression of extracellular matrix components including COL1A1, COL1A2 and COL3A1 and the extracellular matrix degradation enzyme MMP2. To further investigate the role of COLEC10 in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, the serum concentration of COLEC10 in patients with chronic liver disease and healthy donors is measured. The serum concentration of COLEC10 is elevated in the patients with chronic liver disease compared to the healthy donors and positively correlated with serum concentration of the D-dimer but not the most of liver function markers. Altogether, we conclude that the C-type lectin COLEC10 is predominantly produced by the hepatic stellate cells and involved in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yang Jing
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Wenze Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xiaojing Shi
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Wenguang Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xiaocang Cao
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Xuhua Duan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Jianzhuang Ren
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fanelli G, Romano M, Lombardi G, Sacks SH. Soluble Collectin 11 (CL-11) Acts as an Immunosuppressive Molecule Potentially Used by Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Epithelial Cells to Modulate T Cell Response. Cells 2023; 12:1805. [PMID: 37443840 PMCID: PMC10341155 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell allotransplantation is seen as a possible solution to retinal diseases. However, the RPE-complement system triggered by the binding of collectin-11 (CL-11) is a potential barrier for RPE transplantation as the complement-mediated inflammatory response may promote T cell recognition. To address this, we investigated the role of CL-11 on T cell immuno-response. We confirmed that RPE cells up-regulated MHC class I and expressed MHC class II molecules in an inflammatory setting. Co-cultures of RPE cells with T cells led to the inhibition of T cell proliferation. We found that CL-11 was partially responsible for this effect as T cell binding of CL-11 inhibited T cell proliferation in association with the downregulation of CD28. We also found that the suppressive action of CL-11 was abrogated in the presence of the RGD peptide given to block the T cell binding of CL-11 by its collagen-like domain. Because RPE cells can bind and secrete CL-11 under stress conditions, we postulate that soluble CL-11 contributes to the immunosuppressive properties of RPE cells. The investigation of this dual biological activity of CL-11, namely as a trigger of the complement cascade and a modulator of T cell responses, may provide additional clues about the mechanisms that orchestrate the immunogenic properties of RPE cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Fanelli
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College, London SE1 9RT, UK; (M.R.); (G.L.); (S.H.S.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang JX, Cao B, Ma N, Wu KY, Chen WB, Wu W, Dong X, Liu CF, Gao YF, Diao TY, Min XY, Yong Q, Li ZF, Zhou W, Li K. Collectin-11 promotes cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e159452. [PMID: 36883567 PMCID: PMC10077485 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.159452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Collectin-11 (CL-11) is a recently described soluble C-type lectin that has distinct roles in embryonic development, host defence, autoimmunity, and fibrosis. Here we report that CL-11 also plays an important role in cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. Melanoma growth was found to be suppressed in Colec11-/- mice in a s.c. B16 melanoma model. Cellular and molecular analyses revealed that CL-11 is essential for melanoma cell proliferation, angiogenesis, establishment of more immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and the reprogramming of macrophages to M2 phenotype within melanomas. In vitro analysis revealed that CL-11 can activate tyrosine kinase receptors (EGFR, HER3) and ERK, JNK, and AKT signaling pathways and has a direct stimulatory effect on murine melanoma cell proliferation. Furthermore, blockade of CL-11 (treatment with L-fucose) inhibited melanoma growth in mice. Analysis of open data sets revealed that COLEC11 gene expression is upregulated in human melanomas and that high COLEC11 expression has a trend toward poor survival. CL-11 also had direct stimulatory effects on human tumor cell proliferation in melanoma and several other types of cancer cells in vitro. Overall, our findings provide the first evidence to our knowledge that CL-11 is a key tumor growth-promoting protein and a promising therapeutic target in tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xing Wang
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bo Cao
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kun-Yi Wu
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wan-Bing Chen
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Weiju Wu
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xia Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng-Fei Liu
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ya-Feng Gao
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Teng-Yue Diao
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Min
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qing Yong
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zong-Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wuding Zhou
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ke Li
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Okada M, Akimoto T, Ishihara A, Yamauchi K. Expanded collectin family in bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana): Identification and characterization of plasma collectins. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 122:104108. [PMID: 33909995 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BLAST searches against databases for the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), using the collectin sequence previously identified in tadpoles, revealed the presence of at least 20 members of the collectin gene family. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the bullfrog possesses expanded gene subfamilies encoding mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D (PSAPD). Two collectins, of 20 kDa (PSAPD1) and 25 kDa (PSAPD6), were purified as a mixture from adult bullfrog plasma using affinity chromatography. These collectins were present as an oligomer of ~400 kDa in their native state, and showed Ca2+-dependent carbohydrate binding with different sugar preferences. Affinity-purified collectins showed weak E. coli agglutination and bactericidal activities, compared with those of plasma. Although both PSAPD1 and PSAPD6 genes were predominantly expressed in the liver, PSAPD1 transcripts were abundant in adults whereas PSAPD6 transcripts were abundant in tadpoles. The findings indicate that two gene subfamilies in the collectin family have diverged structurally, functionally and transcriptionally in the bullfrog. Rapid expansion of the collectin family in bullfrogs may reflect the onset of sub-functionalization of the prototype MBL gene towards tetrapod MBL and PSAPDs, and may be one means of natural adaptation in the innate immune system to various pathogens in both aquatic and terrestrial environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masako Okada
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Takanori Akimoto
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Akinori Ishihara
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Yamauchi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is an inevitable and damaging consequence of the process of kidney transplantation, ultimately leading to delayed graft function and increased risk of graft loss. A key driver of this adverse reaction in kidneys is activation of the complement system, an important part of the innate immune system. This activation causes deposition of complement C3 on renal tubules as well as infiltration of immune cells and ultimately damage to the tubules resulting in reduced kidney function. Collectin-11 (CL-11) is a pattern recognition molecule of the lectin pathway of complement. CL-11 binds to a ligand that is exposed on the renal tubules by the stress caused by IRI, and through attached proteases, CL-11 activates complement and this contributes to the consequences outlined above. Recent work in our lab has shown that this damage-associated ligand contains a fucose residue that aids CL-11 binding and promotes complement activation. In this review, we will discuss the clinical context of renal transplantation, the relevance of the complement system in IRI, and outline the evidence for the role of CL-11 binding to a fucosylated ligand in IRI as well as its downstream effects. Finally, we will detail the simple but elegant theory that increasing the level of free fucose in the kidney acts as a decoy molecule, greatly reducing the clinical consequences of IRI mediated by CL-11.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Howard
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Christopher L Nauser
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Steven H Sacks
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
The complement system was discovered at the end of the 19th century as a heat-labile plasma component that "complemented" the antibodies in killing microbes, hence the name "complement." Complement is also part of the innate immune system, protecting the host by recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. However, complement is multifunctional far beyond infectious defense. It contributes to organ development, such as sculpting neuron synapses, promoting tissue regeneration and repair, and rapidly engaging and synergizing with a number of processes, including hemostasis leading to thromboinflammation. Complement is a double-edged sword. Although it usually protects the host, it may cause tissue damage when dysregulated or overactivated, such as in the systemic inflammatory reaction seen in trauma and sepsis and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Damage-associated molecular patterns generated during ischemia-reperfusion injuries (myocardial infarction, stroke, and transplant dysfunction) and in chronic neurologic and rheumatic disease activate complement, thereby increasing damaging inflammation. Despite the long list of diseases with potential for ameliorating complement modulation, only a few rare diseases are approved for clinical treatment targeting complement. Those currently being efficiently treated include paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome, myasthenia gravis, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Rare diseases, unfortunately, preclude robust clinical trials. The increasing evidence for complement as a pathogenetic driver in many more common diseases suggests an opportunity for future complement therapy, which, however, requires robust clinical trials; one ongoing example is COVID-19 disease. The current review aims to discuss complement in disease pathogenesis and discuss future pharmacological strategies to treat these diseases with complement-targeted therapies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The complement system is the host's defense friend by protecting it from invading pathogens, promoting tissue repair, and maintaining homeostasis. Complement is a double-edged sword, since when dysregulated or overactivated it becomes the host's enemy, leading to tissue damage, organ failure, and, in worst case, death. A number of acute and chronic diseases are candidates for pharmacological treatment to avoid complement-dependent damage, ranging from the well established treatment for rare diseases to possible future treatment of large patient groups like the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (P.G.); Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Neurobiology and Behavior, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California (A.J.T.); and Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway, Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (T.E.M.); Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (T.E.M.); and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (T.E.M.)
| | - Andrea J Tenner
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (P.G.); Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Neurobiology and Behavior, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California (A.J.T.); and Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway, Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (T.E.M.); Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (T.E.M.); and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (T.E.M.)
| | - Tom E Mollnes
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (P.G.); Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Neurobiology and Behavior, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California (A.J.T.); and Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway, Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (T.E.M.); Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (T.E.M.); and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (T.E.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li G, Deng J, Qi Y, Liu R, Liu Z. COLEC12 regulates apoptosis of osteosarcoma through Toll-like receptor 4-activated inflammation. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23469. [PMID: 32822099 PMCID: PMC7676208 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of COLEC12 in osteosarcoma and observe the relationship between COLEC12 knockdown and the inflammation of osteosarcoma. Then, further explore whether the process is regulated by TLR4. METHOD GEPIA and TCGA systems were used to predict the potential function of COLEC12. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to analyze the protein expression, or mRNA level, of COLEC12 in different tissue or cell lines. The occurrence and development of osteosarcoma were observed by using COLEC12 knockdown lentivirus. The inflammation indexes of osteosarcoma, in vitro and in vivo, were explored. TLR4 knockdown lentivirus was applied to the relationship between COLEC12 and TLR4. RESULTS COLEC12 expression in SARC tumor tissue was higher than in normal, and a high expression of COLEC12 in SARC patients had a worse prognostic outcome. Pairwise gene correlation analysis revealed a potential relationship between COLEC12 and TLR4. The COLEC12 expression and mRNA level in the tumor or Saos-2 cells were increased. COLEC12 knockdown lentivirus could inhibit osteosarcoma development, in vivo and vitro, through reducing tumor volume and weight, weakening tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion, and enhancing apoptosis. Furthermore, COLEC12 knockdown could increase inflammation of osteosarcoma, in vivo and in vitro, through inducing myeloperoxidase (MPO), TLR4, NF-κB, and C3, and expression of related inflammatory factors. Finally, TLR4 knockdown lentivirus inhibits the progress of inflammation after COLEC12 regulation, in vivo and vitro. CONCLUSION COLEC12 may be able to regulate apoptosis and inflammation of osteosarcoma, and TLR4 may be the downstream target factor of COLEC12 in inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang‐Zhang Li
- Department of Orthopedicsthe First Hospital of QinhuangdaoHebeiChina
| | - Jian‐Feng Deng
- Department of Orthopedicsthe First Hospital of QinhuangdaoHebeiChina
| | - Ying‐Zhao Qi
- Department of Orthopedicsthe First Hospital of QinhuangdaoHebeiChina
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Orthopedicsthe First Hospital of QinhuangdaoHebeiChina
| | - Zhi‐Xin Liu
- Department of Orthopedicsthe First Hospital of QinhuangdaoHebeiChina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nørregaard KS, Krigslund O, Behrendt N, Engelholm LH, Jürgensen HJ. The collagen receptor uPARAP/Endo180 regulates collectins through unique structural elements in its FNII domain. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9157-9170. [PMID: 32424040 PMCID: PMC7335807 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectins that contain collagen-like domains are known as collectins. These proteins are present both in the circulation and in extravascular compartments and are central players of the innate immune system, contributing to first-line defenses against viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens. The collectins mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and surfactant protein D (SP-D) are regulated by tissue fibroblasts at extravascular sites via an endocytic mechanism governed by urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-associated protein (uPARAP or Endo180), which is also a collagen receptor. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms that drive the uPARAP-mediated cellular uptake of MBL and SP-D. We found that the uptake depends on residues within a protruding loop in the fibronectin type-II (FNII) domain of uPARAP that are also critical for collagen uptake. Importantly, however, we also identified FNII domain residues having an exclusive role in collectin uptake. We noted that these residues are absent in the related collagen receptor, the mannose receptor (MR or CD206), which consistently does not interact with collectins. We also show that the second C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD2) is critical for the uptake of SP-D, but not MBL, indicating an additional level of complexity in the interactions between collectins and uPARAP. Finally, we demonstrate that the same molecular mechanisms enable uPARAP to engage MBL immobilized on the surface of pathogens, thereby expanding the potential biological implications of this interaction. Our study reveals molecular details of the receptor-mediated cellular regulation of collectins and offers critical clues for future investigations into collectin biology and pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstine Sandal Nørregaard
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Oliver Krigslund
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Niels Behrendt
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lars H Engelholm
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Jessen Jürgensen
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jarlhelt I, Pilely K, Clausen JB, Skjoedt MO, Bayarri-Olmos R, Garred P. Circulating Ficolin-2 and Ficolin-3 Form Heterocomplexes. J Immunol 2020; 204:1919-1928. [PMID: 32094208 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The complement system constitutes an important part of the innate immune system. The collectins and the ficolins are soluble pattern recognition molecules that contribute to complement activation via the lectin pathway. During previous experiments with ficolin-2 and ficolin-3, we have observed that the molecules may interact. We therefore hypothesized the existence of stable ficolin-2/-3 heterocomplexes. We could demonstrate ficolin-2/-3 heterocomplexes in normal human serum and plasma by ELISA using Abs specific for ficolin-2 and ficolin-3. The formation of heteromeric protein complexes were validated by coimmunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. When recombinant ficolin-2 and recombinant ficolin-3 were mixed, no complexes were formed. However, when coexpressing ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 in Chinese hamster ovary cells, we could detect ficolin-2/-3 heterocomplexes in the supernatant. Furthermore, we measured concentration of the ficolin-2/-3 heterocomplexes in arbitrary units in 94 healthy individuals. We also established the relationship between the concentrations of ficolin-2, ficolin-3, and the ficolin-2/-3 heterocomplexes. We observed that the concentration of the ficolin-2/-3 heterocomplex correlated significantly with ficolin-2 (ρ: 0.24, p < 0.018) and ficolin-3 concentrations (ρ: 0.46, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, we describe a novel protein complex between ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 present in serum and plasma, which might be of additional biological relevance apart from the native ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Jarlhelt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Katrine Pilely
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jytte Bryde Clausen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gong K, Xia M, Wang Y, Bai L, Ying W, Zhu F, Chen Y. Importance of glycosylation in the interaction of Tamm-Horsfall protein with collectin-11 and acute kidney injury. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3572-3581. [PMID: 32045104 PMCID: PMC7131921 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Both Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) and collectin-11 (CL-11) are important molecules in acute kidney injury (AKI). In this study, we measured the change of glycosylation of THP in patients with AKI after surgery, using MALDI-TOF MS and lectin array analysis. The amount of high-mannose and core fucosylation in patients with AKI were higher than those in healthy controls. In vitro study showed that THP could bind to CL-11 with affinity at 9.41 × 10-7 mol/L and inhibited activation of complement lectin pathway. The binding affinity decreased after removal of glycans on THP. Removal of fucose completely ablated the binding between the two proteins. While removal of high-mannose or part of the N-glycan decreased the binding ability to 30% or 60%. The results indicated that increase of fucose on THP played an important role via complement lectin pathway in AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunjing Gong
- Renal DivisionDepartment of MedicinePeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Institute of NephrologyPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Renal DiseaseMinistry of Health of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and TreatmentMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
| | - Min Xia
- Renal DivisionDepartment of MedicinePeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Institute of NephrologyPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Renal DiseaseMinistry of Health of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and TreatmentMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Renal DivisionDepartment of MedicinePeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Institute of NephrologyPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Renal DiseaseMinistry of Health of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and TreatmentMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
| | - Lufeng Bai
- Renal DivisionDepartment of MedicinePeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Institute of NephrologyPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Renal DiseaseMinistry of Health of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and TreatmentMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
| | - Wantao Ying
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for protein science (Beijing)Beijing Institute of lifeomicsBeijingChina
| | - Fengxue Zhu
- Department of Critical Care MedicinePeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Renal DivisionDepartment of MedicinePeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Institute of NephrologyPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Renal DiseaseMinistry of Health of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and TreatmentMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yu S, Shen Z, Han X, Chai Y, Liu Y, Liu J, Lin X, Cui M, Zhang F, Li Q, Zhu Q. Molecular characterization and complement activating functional analysis of a new collectin(TfCol-11) from Trachidermus fasciatus. Dev Comp Immunol 2020; 102:103486. [PMID: 31473265 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is a crucial component of the innate immune system that links innate and adaptive immunity. CL-11, a protein similar to Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), plays significant role in the innate immune system in mammals and fish, serving as an initiator of the lectin pathway of complement activation. In this study, a CL-11 homolog (TfCol-11) was identified in roughskin sculpin (Trachidermus fasciatus), and its expression and role in immune responses were characterized. The open reading frame of TfCol-11 is 795 bp long, encoding a 264 amino acid polypeptide. The deduced amino acid sequence of this protein is highly homologous to sequences in other teleosts, and is similar to vertebrate CL-11, containing a canonical collagen-like region, a carbohydrate recognition domain, and a neck region. Recombinant TfCol-11 purified from Escherichia coli(E.coli) was able to bind to different microbes in a Ca2+-independent manner. Meanwhile, a 993 bp-long of partial MASP cDNA with a 96 bp 5' untranslated region (UTR) was also cloned from roughskin sculpin, containing 299 amino acids and consisting of three domains (CUB-EGF-CUB). qRT-PCR indicated that TfCol-11 and MASP mRNAs were predominately co-expressed in the liver. The temporal expression of TfCol-11 and MASP were both drastically up-regulated in the liver, skin, and blood by LPS challenge. Recombinant TfCol-11 purified from E.coli BL21(DE3) was able to agglutinate some bacteria in a Ca2+-dependent manner. In addition, an in vitro pull-down experiment demonstrated that TfCol-11 was able to bind to MASP, and in vivo experiments showed that TfCol-11 was associated with increased membrane attack complex (MAC) levels. It is therefore possible that TfCol-11 may plays a role in activating the complement system and in the defense against invading microorganisms in roughskin sculpin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yu
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Zilin Shen
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Han
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Yingmei Chai
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Jian Liu
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Lin
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Mengran Cui
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Qiguang Li
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mu L, Yin X, Xiao Y, Bian X, Yang Y, Wu L, Ye J. A C-type lectin (CL11X1-like) from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is involved in host defense against bacterial infection. Dev Comp Immunol 2018; 84:230-240. [PMID: 29481905 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Collectins, a subfamily of the C-type lectins, are able to bind non-self glycoconjugates on the surface of microorganisms and inhibit infection by direct neutralization, agglutination and/or opsonization, which play important roles in innate immunity. In this study, a CL11X1-like collectin (OnCL11X1) was identified from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and characterized at expression and agglutination functional levels. The open reading frame of OnCL11X1 is 840 bp of nucleotide sequence encoding polypeptides of 279 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence is highly homology to teleost and similar to mammalian CL11X1, containing a canonical collagen-like region, a carbohydrate recognition domain and a neck region. Expression analysis revealed that the OnCL11X1 was highly expressed in the liver, and widely exhibited in other tissues including kidney, intestines and spleen. In addition, the OnCL11X1 expression was significantly up-regulated in spleen and anterior kidney following challenges with a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen (Streptococcus agalactiae) and a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen (Aeromonas hydrophila). The up-regulation of OnCL11X1 expression was also demonstrated in hepatocytes and macrophages in vitro stimulation with S. agalactiae and A. hydrophila. Recombinant OnCL11X1 protein was able to agglutinate both S. agalactiae and A. hydrophila in vitro and promote the phagocytosis by macrophages. Taken together, the results of this study indicated that OnCL11X1, possessing apparent agglutination and opsonization ability to bacterial pathogens, might be involved in host defense against bacterial infection in Nile tilapia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Mu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Yanhui Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Xia Bian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Yanjian Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Liting Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Jianmin Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lachmann PJ, Lay E, Seilly DJ. A novel and sensitive functional assay for complement Factor I based on the third proteolytic clip of C3b. J Immunol Methods 2018; 457:30-32. [PMID: 29625075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive assay for the functional activity of complement Factor I is described. This is based on its third proteolytic clip whereby Factor I cleaves cell-bound iC3b to cell-bound C3dg and soluble C3c, thereby abolishing conglutination of the cells. Factor H is required as a co-factor for Factor I activity. Because of the low affinity of iC3b for Factor H, the assay needs to be performed at low ionic strength. This assay is easier to perform than those based on the conversion of C3b to iC3b (the first two Factor I clips), there being no need for the unstable intermediate EAC142 or for purified C3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Lay
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - David J Seilly
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Howard M, Farrar CA, Sacks SH. Structural and functional diversity of collectins and ficolins and their relationship to disease. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 40:75-85. [PMID: 28894916 PMCID: PMC5794833 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0642-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pattern recognition molecules are sensors for the innate immune system and trigger a number of pathophysiological functions after interaction with the corresponding ligands on microorganisms or altered mammalian cells. Of those pattern recognition molecules used by the complement system, collagen-like lectins (collectins) are an important subcomponent. Whereas the best known of these collectins, mannose-binding lectin, largely occurs as a circulating protein following production by hepatocytes, the most recently described collectins exhibit strong local biosynthesis. This local production and release of soluble collectin molecules appear to serve local tissue functions at extravascular sites, including a developmental function. In this article, we focus on the characteristics of collectin-11 (CL-11 or CL-K1), whose ubiquitous expression and multiple activities likely reflect a wide biological relevance. Collectin-11 appears to behave as an acute phase protein whose production associated with metabolic and physical stress results in locally targeted inflammation and tissue cell death. Early results indicate the importance of fucosylated ligand marking the injured cells targeted by collectin-11, and we suggest that further characterisation of this and related ligands will lead to better understanding of pathophysiological significance and exploitation for clinical benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Howard
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Conrad A Farrar
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Steven H Sacks
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Banda NK, Acharya S, Scheinman RI, Mehta G, Takahashi M, Endo Y, Zhou W, Farrar CA, Sacks SH, Fujita T, Sekine H, Holers VM. Deconstructing the Lectin Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Inflammatory Arthritis: Essential Role of the Lectin Ficolin B and Mannose-Binding Protein-Associated Serine Protease 2. J Immunol 2017; 199:1835-1845. [PMID: 28739878 PMCID: PMC5568486 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Complement plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Although the alternative pathway (AP) is known to play a key pathogenic role in models of rheumatoid arthritis, the importance of the lectin pathway (LP) pattern recognition molecules such as ficolin (FCN) A, FCN B, and collectin (CL)-11, as well as the activating enzyme mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2), are less well understood. We show in this article that FCN A-/- and CL-11-/- mice are fully susceptible to collagen Ab-induced arthritis (CAIA). In contrast, FCN B-/- and MASP-2-/-/sMAp-/- mice are substantially protected, with clinical disease activity decreased significantly (p < 0.05) by 47 and 70%, respectively. Histopathology scores, C3, factor D, FCN B deposition, and infiltration of synovial macrophages and neutrophils were similarly decreased in FCN B-/- and MASP-2-/-/sMAp-/- mice. Our data support that FCN B plays an important role in the development of CAIA, likely through ligand recognition in the joint and MASP activation, and that MASP-2 also contributes to the development of CAIA, likely in a C4-independent manner. Decreased AP activity in the sera from FCN B-/- and MASP-2-/-/sMAp-/- mice with arthritis on adherent anti-collagen Abs also support the hypothesis that pathogenic Abs, as well as additional inflammation-related ligands, are recognized by the LP and operate in vivo to activate complement. Finally, we also speculate that the residual disease seen in our studies is driven by the AP and/or the C2/C4 bypass pathway via the direct cleavage of C3 through an LP-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal K Banda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045;
| | - Sumitra Acharya
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Robert I Scheinman
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Gaurav Mehta
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Minoru Takahashi
- Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Hikarigaoka, Japan 960-1295; and
| | - Yuichi Endo
- Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Hikarigaoka, Japan 960-1295; and
| | - Wuding Zhou
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, Strand, London SE19 RT, United Kingdom
| | - Conrad A Farrar
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, Strand, London SE19 RT, United Kingdom
| | - Steven H Sacks
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, Strand, London SE19 RT, United Kingdom
| | - Teizo Fujita
- Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Hikarigaoka, Japan 960-1295; and
| | - Hideharu Sekine
- Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Hikarigaoka, Japan 960-1295; and
| | - V Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Munye MM, Diaz-Font A, Ocaka L, Henriksen ML, Lees M, Brady A, Jenkins D, Morton J, Hansen SW, Bacchelli C, Beales PL, Hernandez-Hernandez V. COLEC10 is mutated in 3MC patients and regulates early craniofacial development. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006679. [PMID: 28301481 PMCID: PMC5373641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
3MC syndrome is an autosomal recessive heterogeneous disorder with features linked to developmental abnormalities. The main features include facial dysmorphism, craniosynostosis and cleft lip/palate; skeletal structures derived from cranial neural crest cells (cNCC). We previously reported that lectin complement pathway genes COLEC11 and MASP1/3 are mutated in 3MC syndrome patients. Here we define a new gene, COLEC10, also mutated in 3MC families and present novel mutations in COLEC11 and MASP1/3 genes in a further five families. The protein products of COLEC11 and COLEC10, CL-K1 and CL-L1 respectively, form heteromeric complexes. We show COLEC10 is expressed in the base membrane of the palate during murine embryo development. We demonstrate how mutations in COLEC10 (c.25C>T; p.Arg9Ter, c.226delA; p.Gly77Glufs*66 and c.528C>G p.Cys176Trp) impair the expression and/or secretion of CL-L1 highlighting their pathogenicity. Together, these findings provide further evidence linking the lectin complement pathway and complement factors COLEC11 and COLEC10 to morphogenesis of craniofacial structures and 3MC etiology. The 3MC syndrome is a unifying term amalgamating four rare recessive genetic disorders with overlapping features namely; Mingarelli, Malpuech, Michels and Carnevale syndromes. It is characterised by facial malformations including, high-arched eyebrows, cleft lip/palate, hypertelorism, developmental delay and hearing loss. We previously reported that lectin complement pathway genes COLEC11 and MASP1/3 were mutated in 3MC syndrome patients. Here we describe a new gene from the same pathway, COLEC10, mutated in 3MC patients. Our results show that COLEC10 is expressed in craniofacial tissues during development. We demonstrate how CL-L1, the protein expressed by COLEC10, can act as a cellular chemoattractant in vitro, controlling cell movement and migration. We overexpressed constructs carrying COLEC10 non-sense mutations found in our patients, CL-L1 failed to be expressed and secreted. Moreover, when we expressed a missense COLEC10 construct, CL-L1 was expressed but failed to be secreted. In sum, we discovered a new gene, COLEC10, mutated in 3MC syndrome and we propose a pathogenic mechanism for 3MC relating to the failure of CL-L1 function and its craniofacial developmental consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa M. Munye
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Diaz-Font
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Ocaka
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maiken L. Henriksen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Melissa Lees
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Brady
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dagan Jenkins
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Morton
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Soren W. Hansen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Chiara Bacchelli
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip L. Beales
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (PLB); (VHH)
| | - Victor Hernandez-Hernandez
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (PLB); (VHH)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), collectin-10, collectin-11, and the ficolins (ficolin-1, ficolin-2, and ficolin-3) are soluble pattern recognition molecules in the lectin complement pathway. These proteins act as mediators of host defense and participate in maintenance of tissue homeostasis. They bind to conserved pathogen-specific structures and altered self-antigens and form complexes with the pentraxins to modulate innate immune functions. All molecules exhibit distinct expression in different tissue compartments, but all are found to a varying degree in the circulation. A common feature of these molecules is their ability to interact with a set of serine proteases named MASPs (MASP-1, MASP-2, and MASP-3). MASP-1 and -2 trigger the activation of the lectin pathway and MASP-3 may be involved in the activation of the alternative pathway of complement. Furthermore, MASPs mediate processes related to coagulation, bradykinin release, and endothelial and platelet activation. Variant alleles affecting expression and structure of the proteins have been associated with a variety of infectious and non-infectious diseases, most commonly as disease modifiers. Notably, the severe 3MC (Malpuech, Michels, Mingarelli, and Carnevale) embryonic development syndrome originates from rare mutations affecting either collectin-11 or MASP-3, indicating a broader functionality of the complement system than previously anticipated. This review summarizes the characteristics of the molecules in the lectin pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ninette Genster
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Pilely
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Rosbjerg
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ying Jie Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Man-Kupisinska A, Michalski M, Maciejewska A, Swierzko AS, Cedzynski M, Lugowski C, Lukasiewicz J. A New Ligand-Based Method for Purifying Active Human Plasma-Derived Ficolin-3 Complexes Supports the Phenomenon of Crosstalk between Pattern-Recognition Molecules and Immunoglobulins. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156691. [PMID: 27232184 PMCID: PMC4883783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recombinant protein technology development, proteins isolated from natural sources remain important for structure and activity determination. Ficolins represent a class of proteins that are difficult to isolate. To date, three methods for purifying ficolin-3 from plasma/serum have been proposed, defined by most critical step: (i) hydroxyapatite absorption chromatography (ii) N-acetylated human serum albumin affinity chromatography and (iii) anti-ficolin-3 monoclonal antibody-based affinity chromatography. We present a new protocol for purifying ficolin-3 complexes from human plasma that is based on an exclusive ligand: the O-specific polysaccharide of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS (O-PS 1200). The protocol includes (i) poly(ethylene glycol) precipitation; (ii) yeast and l-fucose incubation, for depletion of mannose-binding lectin; (iii) affinity chromatography using O-PS 1200-Sepharose; (iv) size-exclusion chromatography. Application of this protocol yielded average 2.2 mg of ficolin-3 preparation free of mannose-binding lectin (MBL), ficolin-1 and -2 from 500 ml of plasma. The protein was complexed with MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) and was able to activate the complement in vitro. In-process monitoring of MBL, ficolins, and total protein content revealed the presence of difficult-to-remove immunoglobulin G, M and A, in some extent in agreement with recent findings suggesting crosstalk between IgG and ficolin-3. We demonstrated that recombinant ficolin-3 interacts with IgG and IgM in a concentration-dependent manner. Although this association does not appear to influence ficolin-3-ligand interactions in vitro, it may have numerous consequences in vivo. Thus our purification procedure provides Ig-ficolin-3/MASP complexes that might be useful for gaining further insight into the crosstalk and biological activity of ficolin-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Man-Kupisinska
- Department of Immunochemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Michalski
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
- Institute of Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Maciejewska
- Department of Immunochemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna S. Swierzko
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Cedzynski
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Czeslaw Lugowski
- Department of Immunochemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Lukasiewicz
- Department of Immunochemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Farrar CA, Tran D, Li K, Wu W, Peng Q, Schwaeble W, Zhou W, Sacks SH. Collectin-11 detects stress-induced L-fucose pattern to trigger renal epithelial injury. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1911-25. [PMID: 27088797 DOI: 10.1172/jci83000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiochemical stress induces tissue injury as a result of the detection of abnormal molecular patterns by sensory molecules of the innate immune system. Here, we have described how the recently discovered C-type lectin collectin-11 (CL-11, also known as CL-K1 and encoded by COLEC11) recognizes an abnormal pattern of L-fucose on postischemic renal tubule cells and activates a destructive inflammatory response. We found that intrarenal expression of CL-11 rapidly increases in the postischemic period and colocalizes with complement deposited along the basolateral surface of the proximal renal tubule in association with L-fucose, the potential binding ligand for CL-11. Mice with either generalized or kidney-specific deficiency of CL-11 were strongly protected against loss of renal function and tubule injury due to reduced complement deposition. Ex vivo renal tubule cells showed a marked capacity for CL-11 binding that was induced by cell stress under hypoxic or hypothermic conditions and prevented by specific removal of L-fucose. Further analysis revealed that cell-bound CL-11 required the lectin complement pathway-associated protease MASP-2 to trigger complement deposition. Given these results, we conclude that lectin complement pathway activation triggered by ligand-CL-11 interaction in postischemic tissue is a potent source of acute kidney injury and is amenable to sugar-specific blockade.
Collapse
|
21
|
Antony JS, Ojurongbe O, Kremsner PG, Velavan TP. Lectin complement protein Collectin 11 (CL-K1) and susceptibility to urinary schistosomiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003647. [PMID: 25807310 PMCID: PMC4373859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease endemic in many sub Saharan -African countries. Collectin Kidney 1 (CL-K1, encoded by COLEC11 on chromosome 2p25.3), a member of the vertebrate C-type lectin super family, has recently been identified as pattern-recognition molecule (PRR) of the lectin complement pathway. CL-K1 is preferentially expressed in the kidneys, but also in other organs and it is considered to play a role in host defense to some infectious agents. Schistosome teguments are fucosylated and CL-K1 has, through its collagen-like domain, a high binding affinity to fucose. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We utilized a Nigerian study group consisting of 167 Schistosoma haematobium infected individuals and 186 matched healthy subjects, and investigated the contribution of CL-K1 deficiency and of COLEC11 polymorphisms to infection phenotype. Higher CL-K1 serum levels were associated with decreased risk of schistosome infection (P corr = 0.0004). CL-K1 serum levels were differentially distributed between the COLEC11 genotypes and haplotypes observed. The non-synonymous variant p.R216H was associated with the occurrence of schistosomiasis (OR = 0.44, 95%CI = 0.22-0.72, P corr = 0.0004). The reconstructed COLEC11*TCCA haplotypes were associated with higher CL-K1 serum levels (P = 0.002) and with decreased schistosomiasis (OR = 0.38, 95%CI = 0.23-0.63, P corr = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In agreement with findings from our earlier published study, our findings support the observation that CL-K1 and their functional variants may be host factors associated with protection in schistosomiasis and may be a useful marker for further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin S. Antony
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olusola Ojurongbe
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Peter G. Kremsner
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Medicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bayarri-Olmos R, Hansen S, Henriksen ML, Storm L, Thiel S, Garred P, Munthe-Fog L. Genetic variation of COLEC10 and COLEC11 and association with serum levels of collectin liver 1 (CL-L1) and collectin kidney 1 (CL-K1). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0114883. [PMID: 25710878 PMCID: PMC4339841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Collectin liver 1 (CL-L1, alias CL-10) and collectin kidney 1 (CL-K1, alias CL-11), encoded by the COLEC10 and COLEC11 genes, respectively, are highly homologous soluble pattern recognition molecules in the lectin pathway of complement. These proteins may be involved in anti-microbial activity and in tissue development as mutations in COLEC11 are one of the causes of the developmental defect syndrome 3MC. We studied variations in COLEC10 and COLEC11, the impact on serum concentration and to what extent CL-L1 and CL-K1 serum concentrations are correlated. We sequenced the promoter regions, exons and exon-intron boundaries of COLEC10 and COLEC11 in samples from Danish Caucasians and measured the corresponding serum levels of CL-L1 and CL-K1. The median concentration of CL-L1 and CL-K1 was 1.87 μg/ml (1.00-4.14 μg/ml) and 0.32 μg/ml (0.11-0.69 μg/ml), respectively. The level of CL-L1 strongly correlated with CL-K1 (ρ = 0.7405, P <0.0001). Both genes were highly conserved with the majority of variations in the non-coding regions. Three non-synonymous variations were tested: COLEC10 Glu78Asp (rs150828850, minor allele frequency (MAF): 0.003), COLEC10 Arg125Trp (rs149331285, MAF: 0.007) and COLEC11 His219Arg (rs7567833, MAF: 0.033). Carriers of COLEC10 Arg125Trp had increased CL-L1 serum levels (P = 0.0478), whereas promoter polymorphism COLEC11-9570C>T (rs3820897) was associated with decreased levels of CL-K1 (P = 0.044). In conclusion, COLEC10 and COLEC11 are highly conserved, which may reflect biological importance of CL-L1 and CL-K1. Moreover, the strong inter individual correlation between the two proteins suggests that a major proportion are found as heterooligomers or subjected to the same regulatory mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Soren Hansen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maiken Lumby Henriksen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Line Storm
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lea Munthe-Fog
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Keuschnigg J, Karinen S, Auvinen K, Irjala H, Mpindi JP, Kallioniemi O, Hautaniemi S, Jalkanen S, Salmi M. Plasticity of blood- and lymphatic endothelial cells and marker identification. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74293. [PMID: 24058540 PMCID: PMC3769239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The distinction between lymphatic and blood vessels is biologically fundamental. Here we wanted to rigorously analyze the universal applicability of vascular markers and characteristics of the two widely used vascular model systems human microvascular endothelial cell line-1 (HMEC-1) and telomerase-immortalized microvascular endothelial cell line (TIME). Therefore we studied the protein expression and functional properties of the endothelial cell lines HMEC-1 and TIME by flow cytometry and in vitro flow assays. We then performed microarray analyses of the gene expression in these two cell lines and compared them to primary endothelial cells. Using bioinformatics we then defined 39 new, more universal, endothelial-type specific markers from 47 primary endothelial microarray datasets and validated them using immunohistochemistry with normal and pathological tissues. We surprisingly found that both HMEC-1 and TIME are hybrid blood- and lymphatic cells. In addition, we discovered great discrepancies in the previous identifications of blood- and lymphatic endothelium-specific genes. Hence we identified and validated new, universally applicable vascular markers. Summarizing, the hybrid blood-lymphatic endothelial phenotype of HMEC-1 and TIME is indicative of plasticity in the gene expression of immortalized endothelial cell lines. Moreover, we identified new, stable, vessel-type specific markers for blood- and lymphatic endothelium, useful for basic research and clinical diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Keuschnigg
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Doctoral Program of Biomedical Sciences, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirkku Karinen
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine, Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Auvinen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- National Institute of Public Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Irjala
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - John-Patrick Mpindi
- FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Kallioniemi
- FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine, Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- National Institute of Public Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Salmi
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- National Institute of Public Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tripathi S, Tecle T, Verma A, Crouch E, White M, Hartshorn KL. The human cathelicidin LL-37 inhibits influenza A viruses through a mechanism distinct from that of surfactant protein D or defensins. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:40-49. [PMID: 23052388 PMCID: PMC3542722 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.045013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
LL-37, the only human cathelicidin, is a cationic antimicrobial peptide with antibacterial and antifungal activity. LL-37 is released from neutrophil granules and produced by epithelial cells. It has been implicated in host defence against influenza A virus (IAV) in recent studies. We now demonstrate dose-related neutralizing activity of LL-37 against several seasonal and mouse-adapted IAV strains. The ability of LL-37 to inhibit these IAV strains resulted mainly from direct effects on the virus, since pre-incubation of virus with LL-37 was needed for optimal inhibition. LL-37 bound high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and pre-incubation of LL-37 with human serum or HDL reduced its antiviral activity. LL-37 did not inhibit viral association with epithelial cells as assessed by quantitative RT-PCR or confocal microscopy. This finding contrasted with results obtained with surfactant protein D (SP-D). Unlike collectins or human neutrophil defensins (HNPs), LL-37 did not induce viral aggregation under electron microscopy. In the electron microscopy studies, LL-37 appeared to cause disruption of viral membranes. LL-37 had additive antiviral activity when combined with other innate inhibitors like SP-D, surfactant protein A and HNPs. Unlike HNPs, LL-37 did not bind SP-D significantly. These findings indicate that LL-37 contributes to host defence against IAV through a mechanism distinct from that of SP-D and HNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Tripathi
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Tesfaldet Tecle
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anamika Verma
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Erika Crouch
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mitchell White
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kevan L. Hartshorn
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ali YM, Lynch NJ, Haleem KS, Fujita T, Endo Y, Hansen S, Holmskov U, Takahashi K, Stahl GL, Dudler T, Girija UV, Wallis R, Kadioglu A, Stover CM, Andrew PW, Schwaeble WJ. The lectin pathway of complement activation is a critical component of the innate immune response to pneumococcal infection. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002793. [PMID: 22792067 PMCID: PMC3390405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system plays a key role in host defense against pneumococcal infection. Three different pathways, the classical, alternative and lectin pathways, mediate complement activation. While there is limited information available on the roles of the classical and the alternative activation pathways of complement in fighting streptococcal infection, little is known about the role of the lectin pathway, mainly due to the lack of appropriate experimental models of lectin pathway deficiency. We have recently established a mouse strain deficient of the lectin pathway effector enzyme mannan-binding lectin associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2) and shown that this mouse strain is unable to form the lectin pathway specific C3 and C5 convertases. Here we report that MASP-2 deficient mice (which can still activate complement via the classical pathway and the alternative pathway) are highly susceptible to pneumococcal infection and fail to opsonize Streptococcus pneumoniae in the none-immune host. This defect in complement opsonisation severely compromises pathogen clearance in the lectin pathway deficient host. Using sera from mice and humans with defined complement deficiencies, we demonstrate that mouse ficolin A, human L-ficolin, and collectin 11 in both species, but not mannan-binding lectin (MBL), are the pattern recognition molecules that drive lectin pathway activation on the surface of S. pneumoniae. We further show that pneumococcal opsonisation via the lectin pathway can proceed in the absence of C4. This study corroborates the essential function of MASP-2 in the lectin pathway and highlights the importance of MBL-independent lectin pathway activation in the host defense against pneumococci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youssif M. Ali
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nicholas J. Lynch
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Kashif S. Haleem
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Teizo Fujita
- Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuichi Endo
- Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Soren Hansen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Uffe Holmskov
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kazue Takahashi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gregory L. Stahl
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thomas Dudler
- Omeros Corporation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Umakhanth V. Girija
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Russell Wallis
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Aras Kadioglu
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Cordula M. Stover
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W. Andrew
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Wilhelm J. Schwaeble
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The lung is continuously exposed to inhaled pathogens (toxic pollutants, micro-organisms, environmental antigens, allergens) from the external environment. In the broncho-alveolar space, the critical balance between a measured protective response against harmful pathogens and an inappropriate inflammatory response to harmless particles is discerned by the innate pulmonary immune system. Among its many components, the surfactant proteins and specifically the pulmonary collectins (surfactant proteins A [SP-A] and D [SP-D]) appear to provide important contributions to the modulation of host defense and inflammation in the lung. Many studies have shown that multimerization of SP-A and SP-D are important for efficient local host defense including neutralization and opsonization of influenza A virus, binding Pneumocystis murina and inhibition of LPS-induced inflammatory cell responses. These observations strongly imply that oligomerization of collectins is a critical feature of its function. However, during the inflammatory state, despite normal pool sizes, chemical modification of collectins can result in alteration of their structure and function. Both pulmonary collectins can be altered through proteolytic inactivation, nitration, S-nitrosylation, oxidation and/or crosslinking as a consequence of the inflammatory milieu facilitated by cytokines, nitric oxide, proteases, and other chemical mediators released by inflammatory cells. Thus, this review will summarize recent developments in our understanding of the relationship between post-translational assembly of collectins and their modification by inflammation as an important molecular switch for the regulation of local innate host defense.
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Abstract
Lung transplant allografts have the highest rate of rejection and shortest graft survival time among the commonly transplanted solid organs despite high levels of immunosuppression. This observation strongly indicates that mechanisms unique to the lung allograft contribute to rejection post lung transplant. Unlike most other solid organ recipients, the lung allograft is exposed to both the external environment and a significant amount of donor-derived lymphatic and structural tissue. For these reasons, the recipient's innate immune system may be critically involved in the initiation and maintenance of rejection after lung transplant. The strongest evidence for innate immune activation participating in lung allograft rejection is based upon genetic studies which demonstrate that variation in toll-like receptors and the related molecule CD14 modulate posttransplant lung allograft rejection. However, secreted pathogen recognition receptors, including defensins and collectins, and complement are parts of the innate pulmonary host defense and may be important in lung transplant rejection. This report will review the current understanding of innate immunity in lung allograft rejection in both murine and human studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie D Snyder
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 103002, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sow FB, Gallup JM, Meyerholz DK, Ackermann MR. Gene profiling studies in the neonatal ovine lung show enhancing effects of VEGF on the immune response. Dev Comp Immunol 2009; 33:761-771. [PMID: 19189846 PMCID: PMC2791060 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Revised: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Preterm and young neonates have an increased predisposition to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) associated with an immature development of lung surfactant. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the major immunomodulatory agents used to increase lung development and reduce the mortality and morbidity of preterm infants with RDS. However, their safety remains uncertain, and the precise mechanisms by which they improve lung function are unclear. In previous studies, we found that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) enhances the innate immune response by respiratory epithelial cells, causes a monocytic infiltration into the lung, and reduces the severity of infection by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a respiratory pathogen known to affect preterm infants at a high prevalence. The purpose of this study is to measure the effects of VEGF administration on local immune responses in neonatal lambs, as the ovine lung is well suited for comparison to the human lung, due to similarities in alveolar development, immune responses, and RSV susceptibility. We hypothesized that VEGF induces the expression of genes necessary for host immune responses. We analyzed global gene expression profiles in the lungs of neonate lambs treated with VEGF by real-time qPCR. We report that VEGF induced the expression of chemokines (IL-8, RANTES, MCP-1), cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-6, TNF-alpha, GMCSF), Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, complement family members (C3, CFB, CFH) and collectins (SP-A, SP-D). These results suggest that VEGF can regulate local immune gene expression in vivo and should be further explored as a potential exogenous therapy for various lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatoumata B Sow
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hogenkamp A. [Collectins in the innate immune system of pigs and chickens]. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 2009; 134:432-435. [PMID: 19522348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Hogenkamp
- Departement Infectieziekten & Immunologie, faculteit Diergeneeskunde, Universiteit Utrecht, Postbus 80.165, 3508 TD Utrecht
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Reid KBM. Target pattern recognition in innate immunity. Foreword. Adv Exp Med Biol 2009; 653:vii-viii. [PMID: 19799106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
|
32
|
Jeannin P, Jaillon S, Delneste Y. Pattern recognition receptors in the immune response against dying cells. Curr Opin Immunol 2008; 20:530-7. [PMID: 18555676 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2008.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Revised: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRR), immune sensors that discriminate self from non-self, link innate to adaptive immunity. PRR are involved in microbe internalization by phagocytes (soluble PRR and endocytic receptors) and/or cell activation (signaling PRR). PRR also recognize dying cells (i.e. modified self). Apoptotic cell recognition involves soluble bridging molecules (e.g. pentraxins) and endocytic receptors (e.g. scavenger receptors, the CD91-calreticulin complex). Apoptotic cells induce an immunosuppressive signal, avoiding the initiation of an autoimmune response. By contrast, necrotic cells, via the release of stimulatory molecules [heat shock protein (HSP), high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1)], activate immune cells. This review summarizes the PRR involved in the recognition of dying cells and the consequences on the outcome of the immune response directed against dying cell antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Jeannin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U564, University Hospital of Angers, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang XL, Ali MAM. Ficolins: structure, function and associated diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol 2008; 632:105-15. [PMID: 19025118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity relies upon the ability of a few pattern recognition molecules to sense molecular markers. Ficolins are humoral molecules of the innate immune systems which recognize carbohydrate molecules on pathogens, apoptotic and necrotic cells. Three ficolins have been identified in humans: L-ficolin, H-ficolin and M-ficolin (also referred to as ficolin-2, -3 and -1, respectively). They are soluble oligomeric defence proteins with lectin-like activity and they are structurally similar to the human collectins, mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and surfactant protein A and D. Upon recognition of the infectious agent, the ficolins act through two distinct routes: initiate the lectin pathway of complement activation through attached serine proteases (MASPs), and a primitive opsonophagocytosis thus limiting the infection and concurrently orchestrating the subsequent adaptive clonal immune response. Recently a lot of reports showed that dysfunction or abnormal expressions of ficolins may play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of human diseases including: (1) infectious and inflammatory diseases, e.g., recurrent respiratory infections; (2) apoptosis, and autoimmune disease; (3) systemic lupus erythematosus; (4) IgA nephropathy; (5) clinical syndrome of preeclampsia; (6) other diseases associated factor e.g. C-reactive protein. Precise identification of ficolins functions will provide novel insight in the pathogenesis of these diseases and may provide novel innate immune therapeutic options to treat disease progression. This review discusses the structures, functions, and clinical implications of ficolins and summarizes the reports on the roles of ficolins in human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related Diseases, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Reading PC, Tate MD, Pickett DL, Brooks AG. Glycosylation as a target for recognition of influenza viruses by the innate immune system. Adv Exp Med Biol 2007; 598:279-92. [PMID: 17892219 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-71767-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation clearly plays an important role in the life cycle of influenza viruses and certain glycosylation sites are required for the structural integrity and stability of the HA and NA glycoproteins during biosynthesis and formation of intact virions. Furthermore, glycosylation has been shown to modulate the functions of influenza glycoproteins, in particular the recognition of host cell receptors and in shielding antigenic epitopes on the viral HA. The addition of oligosaccharide moieties to the globular head of the HA does, however, correlate with an increased sensitivity to the antiviral activities of SP-D and to recognition and destruction of virus via the MMR on murine macrophages. Consequently, the degree of glycosylation appears to be an important factor in determining sensitivity to lectin-mediated defences, and therefore in determining the ability of a particular virus strain to replicate in the respiratory tract of mice following intranasal infection. The mouse-adapted PR8 strain which lacks mannose-containing glycans from the head of its HA molecule was largely resistant to the antiviral activities of SP-D and the MMR in vitro and induced severed clinical disease following intranasal infection of mice. The finding that mannan treatment of BJx109-infected mice facilitated an early and dramatic enhancement of disease severity is also consistent with a major role for mannose-specific lectins in limiting influenza virus growth and spread in the respiratory tract.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Collectins/metabolism
- Glycosylation
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/physiology
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mannose/metabolism
- Mannose Receptor
- Mannose-Binding Lectins/metabolism
- Models, Molecular
- Polysaccharides/chemistry
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Reading
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Victoria, Australia 3010
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Koth LL, Alex B, Hawgood S, Nead MA, Sheppard D, Erle DJ, Morris DG. Integrin beta6 mediates phospholipid and collectin homeostasis by activation of latent TGF-beta1. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2007; 37:651-9. [PMID: 17641300 PMCID: PMC2219547 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2006-0428oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactant lines the alveolar surface and prevents alveolar collapse. Derangements of surfactant cause respiratory failure and interstitial lung diseases. The collectins, surfactant proteins A and D, are also important in innate host defense. However, surfactant regulation in the postnatal lung is poorly understood. We found that the epithelial integrin, alphavbeta6, regulates surfactant homeostasis in vivo by activating latent transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. Adult mice lacking the beta-subunit of alphavbeta6 (Itgb6-/-) developed increased bronchoalveolar lavage phospholipids and surfactant proteins A and D, and demonstrated abnormal-appearing alveolar macrophages, reminiscent of the human disease pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Using lung-specific expression of constitutively active TGF-beta1 in Itgb6-/- mice, we found that TGF-beta1 was sufficient to normalize these abnormalities. Tgfbeta1-deficient mice also demonstrated increased phospholipids and surfactant proteins A and D, but mice lacking the key TGF-beta signaling molecule, SMAD3, did not. Therefore, integrin-mediated activation of latent TGF-beta1 regulates surfactant constituents independent of intracellular SMAD3. In vivo increases in surfactant protein A and D were not associated with increases in mRNA for these proteins in alveolar tissue from Itgb6-/- mice. On the other hand, isolated alveolar macrophages from Itgb6-/- mice were defective in processing phospholipids in vitro, suggesting that reduced surfactant clearance contributes to altered surfactant homeostasis in these mice in vivo. These findings show that alphavbeta6 and TGF-beta1 regulate homeostasis of phospholipids and collectins in adult mouse lungs and may have implications for anti-fibrotic therapeutics that inhibit active TGF-beta in the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Koth
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, California, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Our laboratory focuses on the alpha2beta1 integrin, a receptor for a number of matrix and non-matrix ligands, including collagens, laminins, decorin, E-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), endorepellin, and several viruses. The alpha2beta1 integrin is expressed on numerous different cell types, including epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and hematopoietic elements, including platelets and specific subsets of leukocytes. Although alpha2beta1 integrin expression is widespread, it is not ubiquitous. Rather, it is expressed in a differentiation-dependent and activation-dependent manner. Interactions between the alpha2beta1 integrin and extracellular matrix ligands have been implicated in important biological processes including inflammation and immunity. Studies from a number of laboratories have demonstrated a role for the alpha2beta1 integrin during the immune response. Our laboratory generated an alpha2beta1 integrin-deficient mouse to define the role of the alpha2beta1 integrin in vivo. Our studies demonstrated that the alpha2-null mice have a profound defect in the innate immune response. We have recently reported the identification of a novel family of ligands for the alpha2beta1 integrin, which include C1q and the collectins. The goal of this article is to review the important role that the interaction between the alpha2beta1 integrin and C1q plays in the innate immune response. The identification of C1q and the collectins as ligands for the alpha2beta1 integrin suggests that the integrin may play important roles in a number of immunological responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Zutter
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, C3321A MCN, 1161 21st Avenue S, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Collectins, present in plasma and on mucosal surfaces, are humoral molecules of the innate immune system. They were discovered a hundred years ago in 1906 as the first association of an animal lectin with the immune system. They are a family of calcium-dependent lectins that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns. They share a similar modular domain architecture consisting of four regions; a cysteine-rich N-terminal domain, a collagen-like region, an alpha-helical neck domain and a C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain. There have been eight collectins members defined so far, of which, MBL, SP-A and SP-D are the most characterized. Collectins represent the first line of host defense. Upon recognition of the infectious agents, collectins put into action effector mechanisms like direct opsonization, neutralization, agglutination, complement activation and phagocytosis to curb the microbial growth. In addition, they also modulate inflammatory and allergic responses and apoptotic cell clearance. These functions limit infection and subsequently modulate the adaptive immune responses. The role of collectins, their structure, function, characteristics and clinical significance are reviewed in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Gupta
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium is a primary site for the deposition of microorganisms that are acquired during inspiration. The innate immune system of the respiratory tract eliminates many of these potentially harmful agents preventing their colonization. Collectins and cationic antimicrobial peptides are antimicrobial components of the pulmonary innate immune system produced by respiratory epithelia, which have integral roles in host defense and inflammation in the lung. Synthesis and secretion of these molecules are regulated by the developmental stage, hormones, as well as many growth and immunoregulatory factors. The purpose of this review is to discuss antimicrobial innate immune elements within the respiratory tract of healthy and pneumonic lung with emphasis on hydrophilic surfactant proteins and beta-defensins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Grubor
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Green P, Luty A, Nair S, Radford J, Raftos D. A second form of collagenous lectin from the tunicate, Styela plicata. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 144:343-50. [PMID: 16716625 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2005] [Revised: 03/23/2006] [Accepted: 03/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study characterised a 90 kDa lectin from an invertebrate chordate, the tunicate Styela plicata. One- and two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that the apparent molecular weight of this protein is maintained under both reducing and non-reducing conditions, suggesting that its native form is a monomer. The 90 kDa lectin was localised within a single type of hemocyte (morula cells), but was secreted from those cells when tunicates were challenged with the inflammatory elicitor, zymosan. Functional studies showed that the 90 kDa protein binds to galactose-based sugars in a divalent cation-dependent manner. Amino acid composition analysis and N-terminal amino acid sequencing indicated that the 90 kDa lectin is related to a previously characterised, collagenous lectin from S. plicata, splic43. However, peptide mass fingerprinting identified numerous differences between the two proteins. This suggests that the 90 kDa molecule represents a novel protein that is involved in host defence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Green
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The process of apoptosis includes critically important changes on the cell surface that lead to its recognition and removal. The recognition also generates a number of other local tissue responses including suppression of inflammation and immunity. It is surprising that the ligands generated on the apoptotic cell, which mediates these effects, have received relatively little attention. Some of these candidate molecules and possible mechanisms for their surface expression are addressed herein, with particular emphasis on phosphatidylserine and calreticulin. However, exposure of such ligands is exclusive to apoptosis and may, in fact, occur on viable cells. To partially explain the lack of response to such potential stimuli, the presence on viable cells of "don't eat me" signals, in this case, CD47 is suggested to prevent such unwarranted actions. Loss or inactivation of the don't eat me CD47 effects accompanies apoptosis and now allow the cells to be recognized and cleared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyra J Gardai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
We have reported that Gram-negative organisms decorated with rough lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are particularly susceptible to the direct antimicrobial actions of the pulmonary collectins, surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D). In this study, we examined the lipid and LPS components required for the permeabilizing effects of the collectins on model bacterial membranes. Liposomes composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE), with or without rough Escherichia coli LPS (J5), smooth E. coli LPS (B5), or cholesterol, were loaded with self-quenching probes and exposed to native or oxidatively modified SP-A. Fluorescence that resulted from permeabilization of liposomes and diffusion of dyes was assessed by microscopy or fluorimetry. Human SP-A and melittin increased the permeability of J5 LPS/POPE liposomes, but not B5 LPS/POPE liposomes or control (POPE only) liposomes. At a human SP-A concentration of 100 microg/mL, the permeability of the J5 LPS/POPE membranes increased 4.4-fold (p < 0.02) compared to the control with no added SP-A. Rat SP-A and SP-D also permeabilized the J5-containing liposomes. Incorporation of cholesterol into J5 LPS/POPE liposomes at a POPE:cholesterol molar ratio of 1:0.15 blocked human SP-A or melittin-induced permeability (p < 0.05) compared to cholesterol-free liposomes. Exposure of human SP-A to surfactant lipid peroxidation blocked the permeabilizing activity of the protein. We conclude that SP-A permeabilizes phospholipid membranes in an LPS-dependent and rough LPS-specific manner, that the effect is neither SP-A- nor species-specific, and that oxidative damage to SP-A abolishes its membrane destabilizing properties. Incorporation of cholesterol into the membrane enhances resistance to permeabilization by SP-A, most likely by increasing the packing density and membrane rigidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francis X. McCormack
- Corresponding Author Footnote: Prof. Francis X. McCormack, University of Cincinnati, MSB Room 6053, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0564, Tel. 513-558-4831, FAX 513-558-4858, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Collectins are a class of innate immune proteins that opsonize microbes and other ligands via their carbohydrate-recognition domains and enhance their clearance by phagocytes. We hypothesized that collectins, such as pulmonary surfactant protein (SP-) A and D and mannose-binding lectin (MBL), could bind nucleic acid, which is a pentameric sugar-based anionic polymer. We have shown that SP-D and MBL bind to both DNA and RNA effectively and also that SP-D enhances the uptake of DNA by human monocytic cells. Therefore, our results suggest that nucleic acids may be a novel class of ligands for collectins. This class of innate immune proteins could enhance the clearance of DNA that is released by necrotic cells or microbial cells. Our findings may have important biological implications, such as the alleviation of DNA-mediated tissue inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nades Palaniyar
- MRC Immunochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Palaniyar N, Clark H, Nadesalingam J, Hawgood S, Reid KBM. Surfactant Protein D Binds Genomic DNA and Apoptotic Cells, and Enhances Their Clearance,in Vivo. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1010:471-5. [PMID: 15033772 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1299.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Collectins, such as surfactant protein D (SP-D), bind apoptotic cells; however, the ligands that they recognize on these cells are unknown. We hypothesized that SP-D binds to the DNA present on these cells. We show that SP-D binds and aggregates mouse alveolar macrophage DNA effectively. Alveolar macrophages of SP-D((-/-)) mice contained more nicked DNA than those of SP-A((-/-)) and wild type mice. Our results also suggest that carbohydrate recognition domains of SP-D may recognize DNA present on the apoptotic cells. Therefore, cell-surface DNA could be a ligand for recognition of apoptotic cells by collectins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nades Palaniyar
- MRC Immunochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Groeneveld TWL, Oroszlán M, Owens RT, Faber-Krol MC, Bakker AC, Arlaud GJ, McQuillan DJ, Kishore U, Daha MR, Roos A. Interactions of the extracellular matrix proteoglycans decorin and biglycan with C1q and collectins. J Immunol 2005; 175:4715-23. [PMID: 16177119 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.7.4715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Decorin and biglycan are closely related abundant extracellular matrix proteoglycans that have been shown to bind to C1q. Given the overall structural similarities between C1q and mannose-binding lectin (MBL), the two key recognition molecules of the classical and the lectin complement pathways, respectively, we have examined functional consequences of the interaction of C1q and MBL with decorin and biglycan. Recombinant forms of human decorin and biglycan bound C1q via both collagen and globular domains and inhibited the classical pathway. Decorin also bound C1 without activating complement. Furthermore, decorin and biglycan bound efficiently to MBL, but only biglycan could inhibit activation of the lectin pathway. Other members of the collectin family, including human surfactant protein D, bovine collectin-43, and conglutinin also showed binding to decorin and biglycan. Decorin and biglycan strongly inhibited C1q binding to human endothelial cells and U937 cells, and biglycan suppressed C1q-induced MCP-1 and IL-8 production by human endothelial cells. In conclusion, decorin and biglycan act as inhibitors of activation of the complement cascade, cellular interactions, and proinflammatory cytokine production mediated by C1q. These two proteoglycans are likely to down-regulate proinflammatory effects mediated by C1q, and possibly also the collectins, at the tissue level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom W L Groeneveld
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The protective role of lung surfactant proteins SP-A, SP-D and MBL in the host defense against both allergic and invasive aspergillosis was identified and established by a series of in vitro and in vivo studies. Therapeutic administration of SP-D and MBL proteins in a murine model of pulmonary invasive aspergillosis rescued mice from death. In mice mimicking human allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, SP-A and SP-D suppressed IgE levels, eosinophilia, pulmonary cellular infiltration and cause a marked shift from a pathogenic Th2 to a protective Th1 cytokine profile. SP-A and SP-D knock-out mice studies made significant contributions in understanding the mechanisms by which SP-A and SP-D modulate the host defense response in patients suffering from pulmonary allergies and infections. The results suggested that individuals with any structural or functional defects in these innate immune molecules due to genetic variations might be susceptible to aspergillosis. SNPs in SP-A2 and MBL genes showed significant associations with patients of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in an Indian population. The patients carrying either one or both of GCT and AGG alleles of SP-A2 and patients with A allele at position 1011 of MBL had markedly higher eosinophilia, total IgE antibodies and lower FEV1 (the clinical markers of ABPA). Our results show that collectins play an important role in Aspergillus mediated allergies and infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Madan
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Mall Road, Delhi, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kuzmenko AI, Wu H, Wan S, McCormack FX. Surfactant protein A is a principal and oxidation-sensitive microbial permeabilizing factor in the alveolar lining fluid. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:25913-9. [PMID: 15890661 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m411344200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have reported that surfactant protein A kills some Gram-negative organisms by increasing membrane permeability. In this study, we investigated the physiologic importance of this activity and the effect of oxidative stress on the antimicrobial functions of SP-A in vitro and in vivo. Concentrated bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from SP-A+/+ mice increased the permeability of the Escherichia coli K12 cell membrane to a greater extent than lavage from SP-A-/- animals. Similarly, calcium-dependent surfactant-binding proteins of SP-A+/+ mice increased membrane permeability more than those from SP-A-/- mice and produced greater zonal killing of agar-embedded bacteria in a radial diffusion assay. Exposure of human SP-A to copper-initiated surfactant phospholipid peroxidation or to free radicals generated by human neutrophils in vitro increased the level of SP-A-associated carbonyl moieties and blocked the permeabilizing function of the protein. We also found that exposure of mice to 90% O2 for 4 days, sufficient to lead to consumption of glutathione, oxidation of protein thiols, and accumulation of airspace protein-associated carbonyl moieties, blocked the permeabilizing activity of lavage fluid from SP-A+/+ mice. We conclude that SP-A is a major microbial permeablizing factor in lavage fluid and that oxidative stress inhibits the antibacterial activity of SP-A by a mechanism that includes oxidative modification and functional inactivation of the protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Kuzmenko
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0564, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Because the lungs function as the body's gas-exchange organ, they are inevitably exposed to air that is contaminated with pathogens, allergens and pollutants. Host-defence mechanisms within the lungs must facilitate clearance of inhaled pathogens and particles while minimizing an inflammatory response that could damage the thin, delicate gas-exchanging epithelium. Pulmonary surfactant is a complex of lipids and proteins that enhances pathogen clearance and regulates adaptive and innate immune-cell functions. In this article, I review the structure and functions of the surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D in regulating host immune defence and in modulating inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jo Rae Wright
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kudo K, Sano H, Takahashi H, Kuronuma K, Yokota SI, Fujii N, Shimada KI, Yano I, Kumazawa Y, Voelker DR, Abe S, Kuroki Y. Pulmonary collectins enhance phagocytosis of Mycobacterium avium through increased activity of mannose receptor. J Immunol 2004; 172:7592-602. [PMID: 15187139 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.12.7592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Collectins, including surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) and mannose binding lectin (MBL), are the important constituents of the innate immune system. Mycobacterium avium, a facultative intracellular pathogen, has developed numerous mechanisms for entering mononuclear phagocytes. In this study, we investigated the interactions of collectins with M. avium and the effects of these lectins on phagocytosis of M. avium by macrophages. SP-A, SP-D, and MBL exhibited a concentration-dependent binding to M. avium. The binding of SP-A to M. avium was Ca(2+)-dependent but that of SP-D and MBL was Ca(2+)-independent. SP-A and SP-D but not MBL enhanced the phagocytosis of FITC-labeled M. avium by rat alveolar macrophages and human monocyte-derived macrophages. Excess mannan, zymosan, and lipoarabinomannan derived from the M. avium-intracellular complex, significantly decreased the collectin-stimulated phagocytosis of M. avium. Enhanced phagocytosis was not affected by the presence of cycloheximide or chelation of Ca(2+). The mutated collectin, SP-A(E195Q, R197D) exhibited decreased binding to M. avium but stimulated phagocytosis to a level comparable to wild-type SP-A. Enhanced phagocytosis by cells persisted even after preincubation and removal of SP-A or SP-D. Rat alveolar macrophages that had been incubated with SP-A or SP-D also exhibited enhanced uptake of (125)I-mannosylated BSA. Analysis by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry revealed that the lung collectins up-regulated the cell surface expression of mannose receptor on monocyte-derived macrophages. These results provide compelling evidence that SP-A and SP-D enhance mannose receptor-mediated phagocytosis of M. avium by macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Kudo
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gardai SJ, Xiao YQ, Dickinson M, Nick JA, Voelker DR, Greene KE, Henson PM. By binding SIRPalpha or calreticulin/CD91, lung collectins act as dual function surveillance molecules to suppress or enhance inflammation. Cell 2003; 115:13-23. [PMID: 14531999 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00758-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Surfactant proteins A and D (SP-A and SP-D) are lung collectins composed of two regions, a globular head domain that binds PAMPs and a collagenous tail domain that initiates phagocytosis. We provide evidence that SP-A and SP-D act in a dual manner, to enhance or suppress inflammatory mediator production depending on binding orientation. SP-A and SP-D bind SIRPalpha through their globular heads to initiate a signaling pathway that blocks proinflammatory mediator production. In contrast, their collagenous tails stimulate proinflammatory mediator production through binding to calreticulin/CD91. Together a model is implied in which SP-A and SP-D help maintain a non/anti-inflammatory lung environment by stimulating SIRPalpha on resident cells through their globular heads. However, interaction of these heads with PAMPs on foreign organisms or damaged cells and presentation of the collagenous tails in an aggregated state to calreticulin/CD91, stimulates phagocytosis and proinflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyra J Gardai
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
SRCL /CL-P1 was recently identified as a scavenger receptor with a C-type lectin domain, which was expressed in vascular endothelial cells and could bind to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeast and oxidized LDL. We found that SRCL was expressed in some but not all nurse-like cells examined. Furthermore, to characterize the C-type lectin domain of SRCL, the secreted form of the C-type lectin domain (LEC-AP) of SRCL, which was fused to the signal sequence of IgG and alkaline phosphatase, was expressed in 293/EBNA-1 cells and the culture medium was used for the in vitro binding assay. LEC-AP specifically bound to GalNAc-conjugated gel in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner, and this binding was inhibited by free GalNAc, L-, D-fucose, D-galactose, lactose, and especially T antigen and Tn antigen. Furthermore, we examined whether or not SRCL could take up saccharide-conjugated particles. 293/EBNA-1 cells stably expressing SRCL were found to take up GalNAc but not mannose-conjugated particles on confocal microscopy. The binding of GalNAc-conjugated particles to these cells was quantitatively measured by comparing the x-means of individual cell populations. An approximately 2.1-fold increase in immunofluorescence intensity was observed for the SRCL transfectants compared to control vector transfectants. Our results provide a basis for understanding the scavenger function of SRCL as to carbohydrate-containing ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Yoshida
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 2-5-1 Mishima, Settsu, Osaka 566-0022, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|