1
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Nakamura S, Kinoshita A, Koga H, Tsukaya H. Expression analyses of CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS in the one-leaf plant Monophyllaea glabra reveal neoteny evolution of shoot meristem. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11148. [PMID: 38750143 PMCID: PMC11096313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The one-leaf plant Monophyllaea glabra exhibits a unique developmental manner in which only one cotyledon continues growing without producing new vegetative organs. This morphology is formed by specific meristems, the groove meristem (GM) and the basal meristem (BM), which are thought to be modified shoot apical meristem (SAM) and leaf meristem. In this study, we analysed the expression of the organ boundary gene CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC) and the SAM maintenance gene SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) orthologs by whole-mount in situ hybridisation. We found that CUCs did not show clear border patterns around GM and BM during the vegetative phase. Furthermore, double-colour detection analysis at the cellular level revealed that CUC and STM expression overlapped in the GM region during the vegetative phase. We also found that this overlap is dissolved in the reproductive phase when normal shoot organogenesis is observed. Since co-expression of these genes occurs during SAM initiation under embryogenesis in Arabidopsis, our results demonstrate that GM is a prolonged stage of pre-mature SAM. Therefore, we propose that neotenic meristems could be a novel plant trait acquired by one-leaf plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Nakamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kinoshita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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2
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Wang Y, Wang D, Du J, Wang Y, Shao C, Cui C, Xiao J, Wang X. Crucial role of SWL1 in chloroplast biogenesis and development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Rep 2024; 43:135. [PMID: 38704787 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The disruption of the SWL1 gene leads to a significant down regulation of chloroplast and secondary metabolites gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. And finally results in a dysfunction of chloroplast and plant growth. Although the development of the chloroplast has been a consistent focus of research, the corresponding regulatory mechanisms remain unidentified. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to mutate the SWL1 gene, resulting in albino cotyledons and variegated true leaf phenotype. Confocal microscopy and western blot of chloroplast protein fractions revealed that SWL1 localized in the chloroplast stroma. Electron microscopy indicated chloroplasts in the cotyledons of swl1 lack well-defined grana and internal membrane structures, and similar structures have been detected in the albino region of variegated true leaves. Transcriptome analysis revealed that down regulation of chloroplast and nuclear gene expression related to chloroplast, including light harvesting complexes, porphyrin, chlorophyll metabolism and carbon metabolism in the swl1 compared to wild-type plant. In addition, proteomic analysis combined with western blot analysis, showed that a significant decrease in chloroplast proteins of swl1. Furthermore, the expression of genes associated with secondary metabolites and growth hormones was also reduced, which may be attributed to SWL1 associated with absorption and fixation of inorganic carbon during chloroplast development. Together, the above findings provide valuable information to elucidate the exact function of SWL1 in chloroplast biogenesis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jingxia Du
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Chunxue Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chuwen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianwei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xinwei Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China.
- SENO Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhangjiakou, 075000, China.
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3
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Chen J, Yang L, Zhang H, Ruan J, Wang Y. Role of sugars in the apical hook development of Arabidopsis etiolated seedlings. Plant Cell Rep 2024; 43:131. [PMID: 38656568 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The sugar supply in the medium affects the apical hook development of Arabidopsis etiolated seedlings. In addition, we provided the mechanism insights of this process. Dicotyledonous plants form an apical hook structure to shield their young cotyledons from mechanical damage as they emerge from the rough soil. Our findings indicate that sugar molecules, such as sucrose and glucose, are crucial for apical hook development. The presence of sucrose and glucose allows the apical hooks to be maintained for a longer period compared to those grown in sugar-free conditions, and this effect is dose-dependent. Key roles in apical hook development are played by several sugar metabolism pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. RNA-seq data revealed an up-regulation of genes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism in plants grown in sugar-free conditions, while genes associated with phenylpropanoid metabolism were down-regulated. This study underscores the significant role of sugar metabolism in the apical hook development of etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Yang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Hehua Zhang
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Junbin Ruan
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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4
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Zhou P, Liu Y, Yang M, Yan H. Genome-Wide Association Study Uncovers Genomic Regions Associated with Coleoptile Length in a Worldwide Collection of Oat. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:411. [PMID: 38674348 PMCID: PMC11049438 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The length of coleoptile is crucial for determining the sowing depth of oats in low-precipitation regions, which is significant for oat breeding programs. In this study, a diverse panel of 243 oat accessions was used to explore coleoptile length in two independent experiments. The panel exhibited significant variation in coleoptile length, ranging from 4.66 to 8.76 cm. Accessions from Africa, America, and the Mediterranean region displayed longer coleoptile lengths than those from Asia and Europe. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) using 26,196 SNPs identified 34 SNPs, representing 32 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) significantly associated with coleoptile length. Among these QTLs, six were consistently detected in both experiments, explaining 6.43% to 10.07% of the phenotypic variation. The favorable alleles at these stable loci additively increased coleoptile length, offering insights for pyramid breeding. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the 350 candidate genes underlying the six stable QTLs revealed significant enrichment in cell development-related processes. Several phytochrome-related genes, including auxin transporter-like protein 1 and cytochrome P450 proteins, were found within these QTLs. Further validation of these loci will enhance our understanding of coleoptile length regulation. This study provides new insights into the genetic architecture of coleoptile length in oats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Honghai Yan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (P.Z.)
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5
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Vlad D, Langdale JA. DEFECTIVELY ORGANIZED TRIBUTARIES 5 is not required for leaf venation patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 2022; 112:451-459. [PMID: 36042697 PMCID: PMC9826136 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The search for genetic regulators of leaf venation patterning started over 30 years ago, primarily focused on mutant screens in the eudicotyledon Arabidopsis thaliana. Developmental perturbations in either cotyledons or true leaves led to the identification of transcription factors required to elaborate the characteristic reticulated vein network. An ortholog of one of these, the C2H2 zinc finger protein DEFECTIVELY ORGANIZED TRIBUTARIES 5 (AtDOT5), was recently identified through transcriptomics as a candidate regulator of parallel venation in maize (Zea mays) leaves. To elucidate how AtDOT5 regulates vein patterning, we generated three independent loss-of-function mutations by gene editing in Arabidopsis. Surprisingly, none of them exhibited any obvious phenotypic perturbations. To reconcile our findings with earlier reports, we re-evaluated the original Atdot5-1 and Atdot5-2 alleles. By genome sequencing, we show that reported mutations at the Atdot5-1 locus are actually polymorphisms between Landsberg erecta and Columbia ecotypes, and that other mutations present in the background most likely cause the pleiotropic mutant phenotype observed. We further show that a T-DNA insertion in the Atdot5-2 locus has no impact on leaf venation patterns when segregated from other T-DNA insertions present in the original line. We thus conclude that AtDOT5 plays no role in leaf venation patterning in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Vlad
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RdOxfordOX1 3RBUK
| | - Jane A. Langdale
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RdOxfordOX1 3RBUK
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6
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Liu B, Sun G, Liu C, Liu S. LEAFY COTYLEDON 2: A Regulatory Factor of Plant Growth and Seed Development. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121896. [PMID: 34946844 PMCID: PMC8701892 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors are key molecules in the regulation of gene expression in all organisms. The transcription factor LEAFY COTYLEDON 2 (LEC2), which belongs to the DNA-binding protein family, contains a B3 domain. The transcription factor is involved in the regulation of important plant biological processes such as embryogenesis, somatic embryo formation, seed storage protein synthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and other important biological processes. Recent studies have shown that LEC2 regulates the formation of lateral roots and influences the embryonic resetting of the parental vernalization state. The orthologs of LEC2 and their regulatory effects have also been identified in some crops; however, their regulatory mechanism requires further investigation. Here, we summarize the most recent findings concerning the effects of LEC2 on plant growth and seed development. In addition, we discuss the potential molecular mechanisms of the action of the LEC2 gene during plant development.
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7
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García-González J, Lacek J, Weckwerth W, Retzer K. Exogenous carbon source supplementation counteracts root and hypocotyl growth limitations under increased cotyledon shading, with glucose and sucrose differentially modulating growth curves. Plant Signal Behav 2021; 16:1969818. [PMID: 34429034 PMCID: PMC8526039 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1969818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth is continuously modulated by endogenous and exogenous stimuli. By no means the only, but well described, signaling molecules produced in plants and distributed through the plant body to orchestrate efficient growth are photosynthates. Light is a potent exogenous stimulus that determines, first, the rate of photosynthesis, but also the rate of plant growth. Root meristem activity is reduced with direct illumination but enhanced with increased sugar levels. With reduced cotyledon illumination, the seedling increases hypocotyl elongation until adequate light exposure is again provided. If endogenous carbon sources are limited, this leads to a temporary inhibition of root growth. Experimental growth conditions include exogenous supplementation of sucrose or glucose in addition to culturing seedlings under light exposure in Petri dishes. We compared total root length and hypocotyl elongation of Arabidopsis thaliana wild type Col-0 in response to illumination status and carbon source in the growth medium. Overall, sucrose supplementation promoted hypocotyl and root length to a greater extent than glucose supplementation. Glucose promoted root length compared to non-supplemented seedlings especially when cotyledon illumination was greatly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith García-González
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Lacek
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Molecular Systems Biology (Mosys), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Retzer
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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8
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Zhao X, Zhong Y, Shi J, Zhou W. 24-epibrassinolide confers tolerance against deep-seeding stress in Zea mays L. coleoptile development by phytohormones signaling transduction and their interaction network. Plant Signal Behav 2021; 16:1963583. [PMID: 34425064 PMCID: PMC8526002 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1963583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Coleoptile/mesocotyl elongation influence seedling emergence and establishment, is major causes of maize deep-seeding tolerance (DST). Detailed analyses on molecular basis underlying their elongation mediated by brassinosteroid under deep-seeding stress (DSS) could provide meaningful information for key factors controlling their elongation. Here we monitored transcriptome and phytohormones changes specifically in elongating coleoptile/mesocotyl in response to DSS and 24-epibrassinolide (EBR)-signaling. Phenotypically, contrasting maize evolved variant organs to positively respond to DST, longer coleoptile/mesocoty of K12/W64A was a desirable organ for seedling under DSS. Applied-EBR improved maize DST, and their coleoptiles/mesocotyls were further elongated. 15,607/20,491 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in W64A/K12 coleoptile, KEGG analysis showed plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation were critical processes of coleoptile elongation under DSS and EBR signaling, further highly interconnected network maps including 79/142 DEGs for phytohormones were generated. Consistent with these DEGs expression, interactions, and transport, IAA, GA3, ABA, and Cis-ZT were significantly reduced while EBR, Trans-ZT, JA, and SA were clearly increased in coleoptile under DSS and EBR-signaling. These results enrich our knowledge about the genes and phytohormones regulating coleoptile elongation in maize, and help improve future studies on corresponding genes and develop varieties with DST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Zhao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- CONTACT Xiaoqiang Zhao Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Shi
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenqi Zhou
- Crop Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Wenqi Zhou Crop Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou730070, P.R. China
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9
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Ravindran N, Ramachandran H, Job N, Yadav A, Vaishak K, Datta S. B-box protein BBX32 integrates light and brassinosteroid signals to inhibit cotyledon opening. Plant Physiol 2021; 187:446-461. [PMID: 34618149 PMCID: PMC8418414 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cotyledon opening is a key morphological change that occurs in seedlings during de-etiolation. Brassinosteroids (BRs) inhibit the opening of cotyledons in darkness while light promotes cotyledon opening. The molecular regulation of the interplay between light and BR to regulate cotyledon opening is not well understood. Here, we show the B-box protein BBX32 negatively regulates light signaling and promotes BR signaling to inhibit cotyledon opening in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). BBX32 is highly expressed in the cotyledons of seedlings during de-etiolation. bbx32 and 35S:BBX32 seedlings exhibit enhanced and reduced cotyledon opening, respectively, in response to both light and brassinazole treatment in dark, suggesting that BBX32 mediates cotyledon opening through both light and BR signaling pathways. BBX32 expression is induced by exogenous BR and is upregulated in bzr1-1D (BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1-1D). Our in vitro and in vivo interaction studies suggest that BBX32 physically interacts with BZR1. Further, we found that PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 3 (PIF3) interacts with BBX32 and promotes BR-mediated cotyledon closure. BBX32, BZR1, and PIF3 regulate the expression of common target genes that modulate the opening and closing of cotyledons. Our work suggests BBX32 integrates light and BR signals to regulate cotyledon opening during de-etiolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevedha Ravindran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Harshil Ramachandran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nikhil Job
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Arpita Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - K.P. Vaishak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sourav Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Author for communication:
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10
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Favero DS. Here comes the sun: a BBX protein slows cotyledon opening following light exposure. Plant Physiol 2021; 187:29-30. [PMID: 34618153 PMCID: PMC8418405 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David S. Favero
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
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11
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Wang X, An Y, Qi Z, Xiao J. PPR protein Early Chloroplast Development 2 is essential for chloroplast development at the early stage of Arabidopsis development. Plant Sci 2021; 308:110908. [PMID: 34034865 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast biogenesis and development regulation have long been a focus of research; however, the underlying mechanisms of these processes have not yet been fully elucidated. Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins have been shown to play key roles in chloroplast development. Here, we identified a novel P-type PPR protein, Early Chloroplast Development 2 (ECD2), and the ecd2 mutant resulted in embryo lethality. The RNAi lines of ECD2 showed varying degrees of albino cotyledons and abnormal chloroplast development, but true leaves were similar to the wild-type. Further analysis revealed that ECD2 was responsible for chloroplast gene expression and group II intron splicing of several genes. Transcriptome analysis combined with quantitative real-time PCR showed that ECD2 was associated with the expression of ribosomal genes and accumulation of chloroplast ribosomes. Overall, our results indicate that ECD2 is critically important for early chloroplast development in cotyledon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yaqi An
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulatory and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Jianwei Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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12
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Kambhampati S, Aznar-Moreno JA, Bailey SR, Arp JJ, Chu KL, Bilyeu KD, Durrett TP, Allen DK. Temporal changes in metabolism late in seed development affect biomass composition. Plant Physiol 2021; 186:874-890. [PMID: 33693938 PMCID: PMC8195533 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The negative association between protein and oil production in soybean (Glycine max) seed is well-documented. However, this inverse relationship is based primarily on the composition of mature seed, which reflects the cumulative result of events over the course of soybean seed development and therefore does not convey information specific to metabolic fluctuations during developmental growth regimes. In this study, we assessed maternal nutrient supply via measurement of seed coat exudates and metabolite levels within the cotyledon throughout development to identify trends in the accumulation of central carbon and nitrogen metabolic intermediates. Active metabolic activity during late seed development was probed through transient labeling with 13C substrates. The results indicated: (1) a drop in lipid contents during seed maturation with a concomitant increase in carbohydrates, (2) a transition from seed filling to maturation phases characterized by quantitatively balanced changes in carbon use and CO2 release, (3) changes in measured carbon and nitrogen resources supplied maternally throughout development, (4) 13C metabolite production through gluconeogenic steps for sustained carbohydrate accumulation as the maternal nutrient supply diminishes, and (5) oligosaccharide biosynthesis within the seed coat during the maturation phase. These results highlight temporal engineering targets for altering final biomass composition to increase the value of soybeans and a path to breaking the inverse correlation between seed protein and oil content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose A Aznar-Moreno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Sally R Bailey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Jennifer J Arp
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Kevin L Chu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Kristin D Bilyeu
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Timothy P Durrett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Doug K Allen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
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13
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Lan J, Zhang J, Yuan R, Yu H, An F, Sun L, Chen H, Zhou Y, Qian W, He H, Qin G. TCP transcription factors suppress cotyledon trichomes by impeding a cell differentiation-regulating complex. Plant Physiol 2021; 186:434-451. [PMID: 33576799 PMCID: PMC8154074 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes are specialized epidermal cells that act as barriers against biotic and abiotic stresses. Although the formation of trichomes on hairy organs is well studied, the molecular mechanisms of trichome inhibition on smooth organs are still largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the CINCINNATA (CIN)-like TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors inhibit the formation of trichomes on cotyledons in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The tcp2/3/4/5/10/13/17 septuple mutant produces cotyledons with ectopic trichomes on the adaxial sides. The expression patterns of TCP genes are developmentally regulated during cotyledon development. TCP proteins directly interact with GLABRA3 (GL3), a key component of the MYB transcription factor/basic helix-loop-helix domain protein/WD40-repeat proteins (MYB-bHLH-WD40, MBW) complex essential for trichome formation, to interfere with the transactivation activity of the MBW complex in cotyledons. TCPs also disrupt the MBW complex-R3 MYB negative feedback loop by directly promoting the expression of R3 MYB genes, which enhance the repression of the MBW complex. Our findings reveal a molecular framework in which TCPs suppress trichome formation on adaxial sides of cotyledons by repressing the activity of the MBW complex at the protein level and the transcripts of R3 MYB genes at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinzhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengying An
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiqiang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang He
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Genji Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Che P, Chang S, Simon MK, Zhang Z, Shaharyar A, Ourada J, O'Neill D, Torres-Mendoza M, Guo Y, Marasigan KM, Vielle-Calzada JP, Ozias-Akins P, Albertsen MC, Jones TJ. Developing a rapid and highly efficient cowpea regeneration, transformation and genome editing system using embryonic axis explants. Plant J 2021; 106:817-830. [PMID: 33595147 DOI: 10.1101/738971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is one of the most important legume crops planted worldwide, but despite decades of effort, cowpea transformation is still challenging due to inefficient Agrobacterium-mediated transfer DNA delivery, transgenic selection and in vitro shoot regeneration. Here, we report a highly efficient transformation system using embryonic axis explants isolated from imbibed mature seeds. We found that removal of the shoot apical meristem from the explants stimulated direct multiple shoot organogenesis from the cotyledonary node tissue. The application of a previously reported ternary transformation vector system provided efficient Agrobacterium-mediated gene delivery, while the utilization of spcN as selectable marker enabled more robust transgenic selection, plant recovery and transgenic plant generation without escapes and chimera formation. Transgenic cowpea plantlets developed exclusively from the cotyledonary nodes at frequencies of 4% to 37% across a wide range of cowpea genotypes. CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene editing was successfully demonstrated. The transformation principles established here could also be applied to other legumes to increase transformation efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Che
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa, 50131, USA
| | | | | | - Zhifen Zhang
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA, 31973, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mijael Torres-Mendoza
- Group of Reproductive Development and Apomixis, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36821, México
| | - Yinping Guo
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA, 31973, USA
| | - Kathleen M Marasigan
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA, 31973, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Vielle-Calzada
- Group of Reproductive Development and Apomixis, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36821, México
| | - Peggy Ozias-Akins
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA, 31973, USA
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15
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Che P, Chang S, Simon MK, Zhang Z, Shaharyar A, Ourada J, O’Neill D, Torres‐Mendoza M, Guo Y, Marasigan KM, Vielle‐Calzada J, Ozias‐Akins P, Albertsen MC, Jones TJ. Developing a rapid and highly efficient cowpea regeneration, transformation and genome editing system using embryonic axis explants. Plant J 2021; 106:817-830. [PMID: 33595147 PMCID: PMC8252785 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is one of the most important legume crops planted worldwide, but despite decades of effort, cowpea transformation is still challenging due to inefficient Agrobacterium-mediated transfer DNA delivery, transgenic selection and in vitro shoot regeneration. Here, we report a highly efficient transformation system using embryonic axis explants isolated from imbibed mature seeds. We found that removal of the shoot apical meristem from the explants stimulated direct multiple shoot organogenesis from the cotyledonary node tissue. The application of a previously reported ternary transformation vector system provided efficient Agrobacterium-mediated gene delivery, while the utilization of spcN as selectable marker enabled more robust transgenic selection, plant recovery and transgenic plant generation without escapes and chimera formation. Transgenic cowpea plantlets developed exclusively from the cotyledonary nodes at frequencies of 4% to 37% across a wide range of cowpea genotypes. CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene editing was successfully demonstrated. The transformation principles established here could also be applied to other legumes to increase transformation efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Che
- Corteva AgriscienceJohnstonIowa50131USA
| | - Shujun Chang
- Corteva AgriscienceJohnstonIowa50131USA
- Present address:
Benson Hill Biosystems1100 Corporate Square Dr. Suite 150St. LouisMO63132USA
| | | | - Zhifen Zhang
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & GenomicsUniversity of Georgia Tifton CampusTiftonGA31973USA
| | - Ahmed Shaharyar
- Corteva AgriscienceJohnstonIowa50131USA
- Present address:
Benson Hill Biosystems1100 Corporate Square Dr. Suite 150St. LouisMO63132USA
| | - Jesse Ourada
- Corteva AgriscienceJohnstonIowa50131USA
- Present address:
Benson Hill Biosystems1100 Corporate Square Dr. Suite 150St. LouisMO63132USA
| | | | - Mijael Torres‐Mendoza
- Group of Reproductive Development and Apomixis, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la BiodiversidadCINVESTAV IrapuatoGuanajuato36821México
| | - Yinping Guo
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & GenomicsUniversity of Georgia Tifton CampusTiftonGA31973USA
| | - Kathleen M. Marasigan
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & GenomicsUniversity of Georgia Tifton CampusTiftonGA31973USA
| | - Jean‐Philippe Vielle‐Calzada
- Group of Reproductive Development and Apomixis, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la BiodiversidadCINVESTAV IrapuatoGuanajuato36821México
| | - Peggy Ozias‐Akins
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & GenomicsUniversity of Georgia Tifton CampusTiftonGA31973USA
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16
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Idris M, Seo N, Jiang L, Kiyota S, Hidema J, Iino M. UV-B signalling in rice: Response identification, gene expression profiling and mutant isolation. Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:1468-1485. [PMID: 33377203 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Responses of rice seedlings to UV-B radiation (UV-B) were investigated, aiming to establish rice as a model plant for UV-B signalling studies. The growth of japonica rice coleoptiles, grown under red light, was inhibited by brief irradiation with UV-B, but not with blue light. The effective UV-B fluences (10-1 -103 μmol m-2 ) were much lower than those reported in Arabidopsis. The response was much less in indica rice cultivars and its extent varied among Oryza species. We next identified UV-B-specific anthocyanin accumulation in the first leaf of purple rice and used this visible phenotype to isolate mutants. Some isolated mutants were further characterized, and one was found to have a defect in the growth response. Using microarrays, we identified a number of genes that are regulated by low-fluence-rate UV-B in japonica coleoptiles. Some up-regulated genes were analysed by real-time PCR for UV-B specificity and the difference between japonica and indica. More than 70% of UV-B-regulated rice genes had no homologs in UV-B-regulated Arabidopsis genes. Many UV-B-regulated rice genes are related to plant hormones and especially to jasmonate biosynthetic and responsive genes in apparent agreement with the growth response. Possible involvement of two rice homologs of UVR8, a UV-B photoreceptor, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Idris
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobu Seo
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lei Jiang
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Kiyota
- Office of General Administration, Advanced Analysis Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jun Hidema
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Moritoshi Iino
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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17
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Khan MHU, Hu L, Zhu M, Zhai Y, Khan SU, Ahmar S, Amoo O, Zhang K, Fan C, Zhou Y. Targeted mutagenesis of EOD3 gene in Brassica napus L. regulates seed production. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:1996-2007. [PMID: 32841372 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Seed size and number are central to the evolutionary fitness of plants and are also crucial for seed production of crops. However, the molecular mechanisms of seed production control are poorly understood in Brassica crops. Here, we report the gene cloning, expression analysis, and functional characterization of the EOD3/CYP78A6 gene in rapeseed. BnaEOD3 has four copies located in two subgenomes, which exhibited a steady higher expression during seed development with differential expression among copies. The targeted mutations of BnaEOD3 gene were efficiently generated by stable transformation of the CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) vector. These mutations were stably transmitted to T1 and T2 generations and a large collection of homozygous mutants with combined loss-of-function alleles across four BnaEOD3 copies were created for phenotyping. All mutant T1 lines had shorter siliques, smaller seeds, and an increased number of seeds per silique, in which the quadrable mutants showed the most significant changes in these traits. Consequently, the seed weight per plant in the quadrable mutants increased by 13.9% on average compared with that of wild type, indicating that these BnaEOD3 copies have redundant functions in seed development in rapeseed. The phenotypes of the different allelic combinations of BnaEOD3 copies also revealed gene functional differentiation among the two subgenomes. Cytological observations indicated that the BnaEOD3 could act maternally to promote cotyledon cell expansion and proliferation to regulate seed growth in rapeseed. Collectively, our findings reveal the quantitative involvement of the different BnaEOD3 copies function in seed development, but also provided valuable resources for rapeseed breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad H U Khan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Limin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Miaoshan Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yungu Zhai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shahid U Khan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sunny Ahmar
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Olalekan Amoo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuchuan Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongming Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Lv Y, Shao G, Jiao G, Sheng Z, Xie L, Hu S, Tang S, Wei X, Hu P. Targeted mutagenesis of POLYAMINE OXIDASE 5 that negatively regulates mesocotyl elongation enables the generation of direct-seeding rice with improved grain yield. Mol Plant 2021; 14:344-351. [PMID: 33220510 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Under conditions of labor or resource scarcity, direct seeding, rather than transplantation, is the preferred mode of rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation. This approach requires varieties that exhibit uniform seedling emergence. Mesocotyl elongation (ME), the main driver of rapid emergence of rice seedlings from soil, is enhanced by darkness and inhibited by light. Plant polyamine oxidases (PAOs) oxidize polyamines (PAs) and release H2O2. Here, we established that OsPAO5 expression in rice seedlings is increased in the presence of light and inhibited by darkness. To determine its role in ME, we created OsPAO5 mutants using CRISPR/Cas9. Compared with the wild type, pao5 mutants had longer mesocotyls, released less H2O2, and synthesized more ethylene. The mutant seedlings emerged at a higher and more uniform rate, indicating their potential for use in direct seeding. Nucleotide polymorphism analysis revealed that an SNP (PAO5-578G/A) located 578 bp upstream of the OsPAO5 start codon alters its expression, and was selected during rice mesocotyl domestication. The PAO5-578G genotype conferring a long mesocotyl mainly exists in wild rice, most Aus accessions, and some Geng (Japonica) accessions. Intriguingly, knocking out OsPAO5 can remarkably increase the grain weight, grain number, and yield potential. In summary, we developed a novel strategy to obtain elite rice with higher emergence vigor and yield potential, which can be conveniently and widely used to breed varieties of direct-seeding rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gaoneng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Guiai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhonghua Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lihong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shikai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiangjin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Peisong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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19
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Abstract
Seedlings grown in darkness exhibit distinct morphologies comparing with light-grown seedlings. Elongated hypocotyls, closed yellow cotyledons, and the formation of apical hooks are typical characteristics for etiolated seedlings, which are collectively named skotomorphogenesis. Various plant hormones and environmental factors are essential for maintaining skotomorphogenesis. Due to the diverse morphological outcomes in etiolated seedlings grown under different treatments, studies on skotomorphogenesis are of particular importance to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying plant response to environmental cues. Here, we detailed experimental procedures to facilitate researchers who are investigating etiolation growth-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ziqiang Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
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20
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Liu J, Wang Y, Cheng Y. The ESCRT-I components VPS28A and VPS28B are essential for auxin-mediated plant development. Plant J 2020; 104:1617-1634. [PMID: 33058303 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The highly conserved endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) pathway plays critical roles in endosomal sorting of ubiquitinated plasma membrane proteins for degradation. However, the functions of many components of the ESCRT machinery in plants remain unsolved. Here we show that the ESCRT-I subunits VPS28A and VPS28B are functionally redundant and required for embryonic development in Arabidopsis. We conducted a screen for genetic enhancers of pid, which is defective in auxin signaling and transport. We isolated a no--cotyledon in pid 104 (ncp104) mutant, which failed to develop cotyledons in a pid background. We discovered that ncp104 was a unique recessive gain-of-function allele of vps28a. VPS28A and VPS28B were expressed during embryogenesis and the proteins were localized to the trans-Golgi network/early endosome and post-Golgi/endosomal compartments, consistent with their functions in endosomal sorting and embryogenesis. The single vps28a and vps28b loss-of-function mutants did not display obvious developmental defects, but their double mutants showed abnormal cell division patterns and were arrested at the globular embryo stage. The vps28a vps28b double mutants showed altered auxin responses, disrupted PIN1-GFP expression patterns, and abnormal PIN1-GFP accumulation in small aberrant vacuoles. The ncp104 mutation may cause the VPS28A protein to become unstable and/or toxic. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the ESCRT-I components VPS28A and VPS28B redundantly play essential roles in vacuole formation, endosomal sorting of plasma membrane proteins, and auxin-mediated plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Youfa Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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21
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Wang J, Sun N, Zhang F, Yu R, Chen H, Deng XW, Wei N. SAUR17 and SAUR50 Differentially Regulate PP2C-D1 during Apical Hook Development and Cotyledon Opening in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2020; 32:3792-3811. [PMID: 33093148 PMCID: PMC7721335 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Following germination in the dark, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings undergo etiolation and develop apical hooks, closed cotyledons, and rapidly elongating hypocotyls. Upon light perception, the seedlings de-etiolate, which includes the opening of apical hooks and cotyledons. Here, we identify Arabidopsis Small Auxin Up RNA17 (SAUR17) as a downstream effector of etiolation, which serves to bring about apical hook formation and closed cotyledons. SAUR17 is highly expressed in apical hooks and cotyledons and is repressed by light. The apical organs also express a group of light-inducing SAURs, as represented by SAUR50, which promote hook and cotyledon opening. The development of etiolated or de-etiolated apical structures requires asymmetric differential cell growth. We present evidence that the opposing actions of SAUR17 and SAUR50 on apical development largely result from their antagonistic regulation of Protein Phosphatase 2C D-clade 1 (PP2C-D1), a phosphatase that suppresses cell expansion and promotes apical hook development in the dark. SAUR50 inhibits PP2C-D1, whereas SAUR17 has a higher affinity for PP2C-D1 without inhibiting its activity. PP2C-D1 predominantly associates with SAUR17 in etiolated seedlings, which shields it from inhibitory SAURs such as SAUR50. Light signals turn off SAUR17 and upregulate a subgroup of SAURs including SAUR50 at the inner side of the hook and cotyledon cells, leading to cell expansion and unfolding of the hook and cotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ning Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Renbo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ning Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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22
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Lee MH, Lee J, Choi SH, Jie EY, Jeong JC, Kim CY, Kim SW. The Effect of Sodium Butyrate on Adventitious Shoot Formation Varies among the Plant Species and the Explant Types. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8451. [PMID: 33182800 PMCID: PMC7696800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation plays an important role in plant growth and development. Here, we investigated the effect of sodium butyrate (NaB), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on adventitious shoot formation from protoplast-derived calli and cotyledon explants of tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). The frequency of adventitious shoot formation from protoplast-derived calli was higher in shoot induction medium (SIM) containing NaB than in the control. However, the frequency of adventitious shoot formation from cotyledon explants of tobacco under the 0.1 mM NaB treatment was similar to that in the control, but it decreased with increasing NaB concentration. Unlike in tobacco, NaB decreased adventitious shoot formation in tomato explants in a concentration-dependent manner, but it did not have any effect on adventitious shoot formation in calli. NaB inhibited or delayed the expression of D-type cyclin (CYCD3-1) and shoot-regeneration regulatory gene WUSCHEL (WUS) in cotyledon explants of tobacco and tomato. However, compared to that in control SIM, the expression of WUS was promoted more rapidly in tobacco calli cultured in NaB-containing SIM, but the expression of CYCD3-1 was inhibited. In conclusion, the effect of NaB on adventitious shoot formation and expression of CYCD3-1 and WUS genes depended on the plant species and whether the effects were tested on explants or protoplast-derived calli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Suk Weon Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (M.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.H.C.); (E.Y.J.); (J.C.J.); (C.Y.K.)
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Hamasaki H, Ayano M, Nakamura A, Fujioka S, Asami T, Takatsuto S, Yoshida S, Oka Y, Matsui M, Shimada Y. Light Activates Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis to Promote Hook Opening and Petiole Development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol 2020; 61:1239-1251. [PMID: 32333772 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although brassinosteroids (BRs) have been proposed to be negative regulators of photomorphogenesis, their physiological role therein has remained elusive. We studied light-induced photomorphogenic development in the presence of the BR biosynthesis inhibitor, brassinazole (Brz). Hook opening was inhibited in the presence of Brz; this inhibition was reversed in the presence of brassinolide (BL). Hook opening was accompanied by cell expansion on the inner (concave) side of the hook. This cell expansion was inhibited in the presence of Brz but was restored upon the addition of BL. We then evaluated light-induced organ-specific expression of three BR biosynthesis genes, DWF4, BR6ox1 and BR6ox2, and a BR-responsive gene, SAUR-AC1, during the photomorphogenesis of Arabidopsis. Expression of these genes was induced, particularly in the hook region, in response to illumination. The induction peaked after 3 h of light exposure and preceded hook opening. Phytochrome-deficient mutants, hy1, hy2 and phyAphyB, and a light-signaling mutant, hy5, were defective in light-induced expression of BR6ox1, BR6ox2 and SAUR-AC1. Light induced both expression of BR6ox genes and petiole development. Petiole development was inhibited in the presence of Brz. Our results largely contradict the early view that BRs are negative regulators of photomorphogenesis. Our data collectively suggest that light activates the expression of BR biosynthesis genes in the hook region via a phytochrome-signaling pathway and HY5 and that BR biosynthesis is essential for hook opening and petiole development during photomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Hamasaki
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Maiokacho 641-12, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813 Japan
| | - Madoka Ayano
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Suehirocho 1-7-22, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Ayako Nakamura
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Maiokacho 641-12, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813 Japan
| | - Shozo Fujioka
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Suehirocho 1-7-22, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Suguru Takatsuto
- Department of Chemistry, Joetsu University of Education, Joetsu, Niigata, 943-8512 Japan
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Suehirocho 1-7-22, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yoshito Oka
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Suehirocho 1-7-22, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Minami Matsui
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Suehirocho 1-7-22, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehirocho 1-7-22, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Yukihisa Shimada
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Maiokacho 641-12, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813 Japan
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Suehirocho 1-7-22, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
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24
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Spring O, Schmauder K, Lackus ND, Schreiner J, Meier C, Wellhausen J, Smith LV, Frey M. Spatial and developmental synthesis of endogenous sesquiterpene lactones supports function in growth regulation of sunflower. Planta 2020; 252:2. [PMID: 32504343 PMCID: PMC7275010 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-specific occurrence and formation of endogenous sesquiterpene lactones has been assessed and suggests physiological function as antagonists of auxin-induced plant growth in sunflower. Sunflower, Helianthus annuus, accumulate high concentrations of bioactive sesquiterpene lactones (STL) in glandular trichomes, but in addition, structurally different STL occur in only trace amounts in the inner tissues. The spatial and temporal production of these endogenous STL during early phases of plant development is widely unknown and their physiological function as putative natural growth regulators is yet speculative. By means of HPLC and MS analysis it was shown that costunolide, dehydrocostuslactone, 8-epixanthatin and tomentosin are already present in dry seeds and can be extracted in low amounts from cotyledons, hypocotyls and roots of seedlings during the first days after germination. Semi-quantitative and RT-qPCR experiments with genes of the key enzymes of two independent routes of the endogenous STL biosynthesis confirmed the early and individual expression in these organs and revealed a gradual down regulation during the first 72-96 h after germination. Light irradiation of the plants led to a fast, but transient increase of STL in parts of the hypocotyl which correlated with growth retardation of the stem. One-sided external application of costunolide on hypocotyls conferred reduced growth of the treated side, thus resulting in the curving of the stem towards the side of the application. This indicates the inhibiting effects of STL on plant growth. The putative function of endogenous STL in sunflower as antagonists of auxin in growth processes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otmar Spring
- Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Katharina Schmauder
- Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nathalie D Lackus
- Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jasmin Schreiner
- Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carolin Meier
- Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan Wellhausen
- Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lisa V Smith
- Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maximilian Frey
- Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
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25
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Kutschera U, Khanna R. Auxin action in developing maize coleoptiles: challenges and open questions. Plant Signal Behav 2020; 15:1762327. [PMID: 32403974 PMCID: PMC8570730 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1762327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The year 2020 marks the 150th anniversary of the elucidation of the process of plant organ growth at the cellular level by Julius Sachs (1870). In this Addendum to a Review Article in Molecular Plant, we describe this fundamental discovery and argue that the etiolated grass coleoptile still represents the system of choice for the experimental analysis of auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)-action. With reference to the phenomenon of 'tissue tension', we discuss the acid-growth hypotheses of IAA-induced wall loosening and the process of vacuolar expansion, respectively. IAA-mediated elongation appears to be independent of wall acidification, and may be regulated via the secretion of glycoproteins into the outer epidermal wall, whereby turgor (and tissue) pressure provides the 'driving force' for growth. As predicted by the "acid growth-hypothesis", the fungal phytotoxin Fusicoccin (Fc) induces organ elongation via the rapid secretion of protons. We conclude that "cell elongation" can only be understood at the level of the entire organ that displays biomechanical features not established by single cells. This systems-level approach can be traced back to the work of Sachs (1870).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Kutschera
- I-Cultiver, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rajnish Khanna
- I-Cultiver, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
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26
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Qian C, Chen Z, Liu Q, Mao W, Chen Y, Tian W, Liu Y, Han J, Ouyang X, Huang X. Coordinated Transcriptional Regulation by the UV-B Photoreceptor and Multiple Transcription Factors for Plant UV-B Responses. Mol Plant 2020; 13:777-792. [PMID: 32126287 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-damaging ultraviolet B (UV-B) light promotes photomorphogenic development and stress acclimation through UV-B-specific signal transduction in Arabidopsis. UV-B irradiation induces monomerization and nuclear translocation of the UV-B photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8). However, it is not clear how the nuclear localization of UVR8 leads to changes in global gene expression. Here, we reveal that nuclear UVR8 governs UV-B-responsive transcriptional networks in concert with several previously known transcription factors, including ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4). Based on the transcriptomic analysis, we identify MYB13 as a novel positive regulator in UV-B-induced cotyledon expansion and stress acclimation. MYB13 is UV-B inducible and is predominantly expressed in the cotyledons. Our results demonstrate that MYB13 protein functions as a transcription factor to regulate the expression of genes involved in auxin response and flavonoid biosynthesis through direct binding with their promoters. In addition, photoactivated UVR8 interacts with MYB13 in a UV-B-dependent manner and differentially modulates the affinity of MYB13 with its targets. Taken together, our results elucidate the cooperative function of the UV-B photoreceptor UVR8 with various transcription factors in the nucleus to orchestrate the expression of specific sets of downstream genes and, ultimately, mediate plant responses to UV-B light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongzhen Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhiren Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Weiwei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jiupan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xinhao Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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27
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Li YH, Mo YW, Wang SB, Zhang Z. Auxin efflux carriers, MiPINs, are involved in adventitious root formation of mango cotyledon segments. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 150:15-26. [PMID: 32105796 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious roots form only at the proximal cut surface (PCS) but not at the distal cut surface (DCS) of mango cotyledon segments. In this study, mango embryos treated with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) showed significantly increased adventitious root formation, while those treated with 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) demonstrated complete inhibition of adventitious rooting. Mango embryos treated with auxin influx inhibitors demonstrated lower inhibition of adventitious roots than those treated with TIBA. The endogenous indol-3-acetic acid (IAA) content on the PCS and DCS was similar at 0 h, then increased on both surfaces after 6 h, and IAA content on the PCS were always higher than those on the DCS. We cloned three genes encoding auxin efflux carriers (i.e., MiPIN2-4) and examined their temporal and spatial expression patterns under different treatments. Relative expression of all MiPINs studied was very low at 0 h but significantly increased on both PCS and DCS from 1 d to 10 d, to varying degrees. We overexpressed MiPIN1-4 in Arabidopsis plants and found a significant increase in adventitious root quantity in MiPIN1 and MiPIN3 transgenic lines. Immunofluorescence results showed that MiPIN1 and MiPIN3 are primarily localized in the vascular tissues and the cells adjacent to abaxial surface. In conclusion, we propose that in mango cotyledon segments, wounding stimulates IAA biosynthesis, the transcription levels of PIN genes were significantly increased in different magnitudes on the PCS and DCS, resulting in polar IAA transport from the DCS to PCS via the vascular tissues, thereby triggering adventitious root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-He Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524091, China.
| | - Yi-Wei Mo
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Song-Biao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524091, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524091, China
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28
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Luo Y, Liang J, Zeng G. Sensitivity difference between skotomorphogenesis and photomorphogenesis of plants to antibiotics: A call for research. Chemosphere 2020; 242:125261. [PMID: 31896178 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seedling establishment consists of the former stage (i.e. skotomorphogenesis) and the latter stage (i.e. photomorphogenesis). Due to specific developmental processes in plants, the two stages may have different sensitivities to antibiotics. Tetracycline (TC), for example, is a major-use antibiotic. Radicle length, the relatively sensitive endpoint in plant skotomorphogenesis, is less sensitive than all of the indices of cotyledon colour and pigments in plant photomorphogenesis to TC stress. In conclusion, we suggest that plant photomorphogenesis may be more sensitive than plant skotomorphogenesis to stresses of antibiotics, but which needs further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jie Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
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29
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Luo L, Ando S, Sakamoto Y, Suzuki T, Takahashi H, Ishibashi N, Kojima S, Kurihara D, Higashiyama T, Yamamoto KT, Matsunaga S, Machida C, Sasabe M, Machida Y. The formation of perinucleolar bodies is important for normal leaf development and requires the zinc-finger DNA-binding motif in Arabidopsis ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2. Plant J 2020; 101:1118-1134. [PMID: 31639235 PMCID: PMC7155070 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, the ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) protein plays a key role in the formation of flat symmetric leaves via direct repression of the abaxial gene ETT/ARF3. AS2 encodes a plant-specific nuclear protein that contains the AS2/LOB domain, which includes a zinc-finger (ZF) motif that is conserved in the AS2/LOB family. We have shown that AS2 binds to the coding DNA of ETT/ARF3, which requires the ZF motif. AS2 is co-localized with AS1 in perinucleolar bodies (AS2 bodies). To identify the amino acid signals in AS2 required for formation of AS2 bodies and function(s) in leaf formation, we constructed recombinant DNAs that encoded mutant AS2 proteins fused to yellow fluorescent protein. We examined the subcellular localization of these proteins in cells of cotyledons and leaf primordia of transgenic plants and cultured cells. The amino acid signals essential for formation of AS2 bodies were located within and adjacent to the ZF motif. Mutant AS2 that failed to form AS2 bodies also failed to rescue the as2-1 mutation. Our results suggest the importance of the formation of AS2 bodies and the nature of interactions of AS2 with its target DNA and nucleolar factors including NUCLEOLIN1. The partial overlap of AS2 bodies with perinucleolar chromocenters with condensed ribosomal RNA genes implies a correlation between AS2 bodies and the chromatin state. Patterns of AS2 bodies in cells during interphase and mitosis in leaf primordia were distinct from those in cultured cells, suggesting that the formation and distribution of AS2 bodies are developmentally modulated in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilan Luo
- Division of Biological ScienceGraduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityNagoyaAichi464‐8602Japan
- Present address:
Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Sayuri Ando
- Graduate School of Bioscience and BiotechnologyChubu UniversityKasugaiAichi487‐8501Japan
| | - Yuki Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Biological ScienceFaculty of Science and TechnologyTokyo University of ScienceNodaChiba278‐8510Japan
- Department of Biological SciencesGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University1‐1 Machikaneyama‐choToyonakaOsaka560‐0043Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Division of Biological ScienceGraduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityNagoyaAichi464‐8602Japan
- Central Research InstituteIshihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd.2‐3‐1 Nishi‐ShibukawaKusatsuShiga525‐0025Japan
| | - Hiro Takahashi
- Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa UniversityKakuma‐machiKanazawaIshikawa920‐1192Japan
| | - Nanako Ishibashi
- Division of Biological ScienceGraduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityNagoyaAichi464‐8602Japan
| | - Shoko Kojima
- Graduate School of Bioscience and BiotechnologyChubu UniversityKasugaiAichi487‐8501Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurihara
- JST, PRESTOFuro‐cho, Chikusa‐kuNagoyaAichi464‐8601Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio‐Molecules (ITbM)Nagoya UniversityFuro‐cho, Chiku00sa‐kuNagoyaAichi464‐8601Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Division of Biological ScienceGraduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityNagoyaAichi464‐8602Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio‐Molecules (ITbM)Nagoya UniversityFuro‐cho, Chiku00sa‐kuNagoyaAichi464‐8601Japan
- Department of Biological SciencesGraduate School of ScienceUniversity of Tokyo7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bukyo‐kuTokyo113‐0033Japan
| | - Kotaro T. Yamamoto
- Division of Biological SciencesFaculty of ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporo060‐0810Japan
| | - Sachihiro Matsunaga
- Department of Applied Biological ScienceFaculty of Science and TechnologyTokyo University of ScienceNodaChiba278‐8510Japan
| | - Chiyoko Machida
- Graduate School of Bioscience and BiotechnologyChubu UniversityKasugaiAichi487‐8501Japan
| | - Michiko Sasabe
- Department of BiologyFaculty of Agriculture and Life ScienceHirosaki University3 Bunkyo‐choHirosaki036‐8561Japan
| | - Yasunori Machida
- Division of Biological ScienceGraduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityNagoyaAichi464‐8602Japan
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30
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Wu YS, Yang CY. Comprehensive Transcriptomic Analysis of Auxin Responses in Submerged Rice Coleoptile Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1292. [PMID: 32075118 PMCID: PMC7072898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultivating rice in wet or water direct seeding systems is simple and time and labor efficient. Rice (Oryza sativa) seeds are a unique cereal that can germinate not only when submerged, but also in anoxic conditions. Many complicated hormone signals interact in submerged seed germination. Ethylene is involved in rice coleoptile elongation, but little is known regarding the role of auxin signaling under submergence. This study demonstrated that the coleoptile is shorter and curlier when submerged with 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA). In transcriptomic analysis, 3448 of the 31,860 genes were upregulated, and 4360 genes were downregulated with submergence and TIBA treatment. The Gene Ontology function classification results demonstrated that upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in redox, stress, and signal transduction, whereas the down-regulated DEGs were mainly involved in RNA transcription, stress, and development. Furthermore, auxin signaling involved in the carbohydrate metabolism pathway was demonstrated while using transcriptomic analysis and confirmed in a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the transcript levels of development-related genes and mitochondria-electron- transport-related genes were regulated by auxin signaling under submergence. Auxin signaling was not only involved in regulating rice coleoptile elongation and development, but also regulated secondary metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and mitochondria electron transport under submergence. Our results presented that auxin signaling plays an important role during rice coleoptile elongation upon the submergence condition and improving the advance of research of direct rice seeding system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sian Wu
- Department of Agronomy, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Chin-Ying Yang
- Department of Agronomy, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
- Pervasive AI Research (PAIR) Labs, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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31
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Nurani AM, Ozawa Y, Furuya T, Sakamoto Y, Ebine K, Matsunaga S, Ueda T, Fukuda H, Kondo Y. Deep Imaging Analysis in VISUAL Reveals the Role of YABBY Genes in Vascular Stem Cell Fate Determination. Plant Cell Physiol 2020; 61:255-264. [PMID: 31922574 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells undergo cell division and differentiation to ensure organized tissue development. Because plant cells are immobile, plant stem cells ought to decide their cell fate prior to differentiation, to locate specialized cells in the correct position. In this study, based on a chemical screen, we isolated a novel secondary cell wall indicator BF-170, which binds to lignin and can be used to image in vitro and in situ xylem development. Use of BF-170 to observe the vascular differentiation pattern in the in vitro vascular cell induction system, VISUAL, revealed that adaxial mesophyll cells of cotyledons predominantly generate ectopic xylem cells. Moreover, phloem cells are abundantly produced on the abaxial layer, suggesting the involvement of leaf adaxial-abaxial polarity in determining vascular cell fate. Analysis of abaxial polarity mutants highlighted the role of YAB3, an abaxial cell fate regulator, in suppressing xylem and promoting phloem differentiation on the abaxial domains in VISUAL. Furthermore, YABBY family genes affected in vivo vascular development during the secondary growth. Our results denoted the possibility that such mediators of spatial information contribute to correctly determine the cell fate of vascular stem cells, to conserve the vascular pattern of land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alif Meem Nurani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yasuko Ozawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Furuya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yuki Sakamoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043 Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510 Japan
| | - Kazuo Ebine
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigounaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 38 Nishigounaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan
| | - Sachihiro Matsunaga
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510 Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigounaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 38 Nishigounaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan
| | - Hiroo Fukuda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yuki Kondo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
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32
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Wei Z, Pan T, Zhao Y, Su B, Ren Y, Qiu L. The small GTPase Rab5a and its guanine nucleotide exchange factors are involved in post-Golgi trafficking of storage proteins in developing soybean cotyledon. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:808-822. [PMID: 31624827 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Storage protein is the most abundant nutritional component in soybean seed. Morphology-based evidence has verified that storage proteins are initially synthesized on the endoplasmic reticulum, and then follow the Golgi-mediated pathway to the protein storage vacuole. However, the molecular mechanisms of storage protein trafficking in soybean remain unknown. Here, we clone the soybean homologs of Rab5 and its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) VPS9. GEF activity combined with yeast two-hybrid assays demonstrated that GmVPS9a2 might specifically act as the GEF of the canonical Rab5, while GmVPS9b functions as a common activator for all Rab5s. Subcellular localization experiments showed that GmRab5a was dually localized to the trans-Golgi network and pre-vacuolar compartments in developing soybean cotyledon cells. Expression of a dominant negative variant of Rab5a, or RNAi of either Rab5a or GmVPS9s, significantly disrupted trafficking of mRFP-CT10, a cargo marker for storage protein sorting, to protein storage vacuoles in maturing soybean cotyledons. Together, our results systematically revealed the important role of GmRab5a and its GEFs in storage protein trafficking, and verified the transient expression system as an efficient approach for elucidating storage protein trafficking mechanisms in seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Wei
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tian Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bohong Su
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yulong Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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García-Fortea E, Lluch-Ruiz A, Pineda-Chaza BJ, García-Pérez A, Bracho-Gil JP, Plazas M, Gramazio P, Vilanova S, Moreno V, Prohens J. A highly efficient organogenesis protocol based on zeatin riboside for in vitro regeneration of eggplant. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:6. [PMID: 31906864 PMCID: PMC6945591 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficient organogenesis induction in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is required for multiple in vitro culture applications. In this work, we aimed at developing a universal protocol for efficient in vitro regeneration of eggplant mainly based on the use of zeatin riboside (ZR). We evaluated the effect of seven combinations of ZR with indoleacetic acid (IAA) for organogenic regeneration in five genetically diverse S. melongena and one S. insanum L. accessions using two photoperiod conditions. In addition, the effect of six different concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) in order to promote rooting was assessed to facilitate subsequent acclimatization of plants. The ploidy level of regenerated plants was studied. RESULTS In a first experiment with accessions MEL1 and MEL3, significant (p < 0.05) differences were observed for the four factors evaluated for organogenesis from cotyledon, hypocotyl and leaf explants, with the best results obtained (9 and 11 shoots for MEL1 and MEL3, respectively) using cotyledon tissue, 16 h light / 8 h dark photoperiod conditions, and medium E6 (2 mg/L of ZR and 0 mg/L of IAA). The best combination of conditions was tested in the other four accessions and confirmed its high regeneration efficiency per explant when using both cotyledon and hypocotyl tissues. The best rooting media was R2 (1 mg/L IBA). The analysis of ploidy level revealed that between 25 and 50% of the regenerated plantlets were tetraploid. CONCLUSIONS An efficient protocol for organogenesis of both cultivated and wild accessions of eggplant, based on the use of ZR, is proposed. The universal protocol developed may be useful for fostering in vitro culture applications in eggplant requiring regeneration of plants and, in addition, allows developing tetraploid plants without the need of antimitotic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar García-Fortea
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Agustín Lluch-Ruiz
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Benito José Pineda-Chaza
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana García-Pérez
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Bracho-Gil
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mariola Plazas
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pietro Gramazio
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Santiago Vilanova
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Moreno
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaime Prohens
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR associated Cas9)-based gene editing is a robust tool for functional genomics research and breeding programs in various crops. In soybean, a number of laboratories have obtained mutants by CRISPR/Cas9 system; however, there has been not yet a detailed method for the CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing in soybean. Here, we describe the procedures for constructing the CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid suitable for soybean gene editing and the modified protocols for Agrobacterium-mediated soybean transformation and regeneration from cotyledonary node explants containing the Cas9/sgRNA (single guide RNA) transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Bao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Dong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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35
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Xia X, Zhang HM, Offler CE, Patrick JW. Enzymes contributing to the hydrogen peroxide signal dynamics that regulate wall labyrinth formation in transfer cells. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:219-233. [PMID: 31587068 PMCID: PMC6913738 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Transfer cells are characterized by an amplified plasma membrane area supported on a wall labyrinth composed of a uniform wall layer (UWL) from which wall ingrowth (WI) papillae arise. Adaxial epidermal cells of developing Vicia faba cotyledons, when placed in culture, undergo a rapid (hours) trans-differentiation to a functional epidermal transfer cell (ETC) phenotype. The trans-differentiation event is controlled by a signalling cascade comprising auxin, ethylene, apoplasmic reactive oxygen species (apoROS), and cytosolic Ca2+. Apoplasmic hydrogen peroxide (apoH2O2) was confirmed as the apoROS regulating UWL and WI papillae formation. Informed by an ETC-specific transcriptome, a pharmacological approach identified a temporally changing cohort of H2O2 biosynthetic enzymes. The cohort contained a respiratory burst oxidase homologue, polyamine oxidase, copper amine oxidase, and a suite of class III peroxidases. Collectively these generated two consecutive bursts in apoH2O2 production. Spatial organization of biosynthetic/catabolic enzymes was deduced from responses to pharmacologically blocking their activities on the cellular and subcellular distribution of apoH2O2. The findings were consistent with catalase activity constraining the apoH2O2 signal to the outer periclinal wall of the ETCs. Strategic positioning of class III peroxidases in this outer domain shaped subcellular apoH2O2 signatures that differed during assembly of the UWL and WI papillae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovation, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Hui-Ming Zhang
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina E Offler
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - John W Patrick
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Sivasakthi K, Marques E, Kalungwana N, Carrasquilla-Garcia N, Chang PL, Bergmann EM, Bueno E, Cordeiro M, Sani SGA, Udupa SM, Rather IA, Rouf Mir R, Vadez V, Vandemark GJ, Gaur PM, Cook DR, Boesch C, von Wettberg EJ, Kholova J, Penmetsa RV. Functional Dissection of the Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) Stay-Green Phenotype Associated with Molecular Variation at an Ortholog of Mendel's I Gene for Cotyledon Color: Implications for Crop Production and Carotenoid Biofortification. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5562. [PMID: 31703441 PMCID: PMC6888616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
"Stay-green" crop phenotypes have been shown to impact drought tolerance and nutritional content of several crops. We aimed to genetically describe and functionally dissect the particular stay-green phenomenon found in chickpeas with a green cotyledon color of mature dry seed and investigate its potential use for improvement of chickpea environmental adaptations and nutritional value. We examined 40 stay-green accessions and a set of 29 BC2F4-5 stay-green introgression lines using a stay-green donor parent ICC 16340 and two Indian elite cultivars (KAK2, JGK1) as recurrent parents. Genetic studies of segregating populations indicated that the green cotyledon trait is controlled by a single recessive gene that is invariantly associated with the delayed degreening (extended chlorophyll retention). We found that the chickpea ortholog of Mendel's I locus of garden pea, encoding a SGR protein as very likely to underlie the persistently green cotyledon color phenotype of chickpea. Further sequence characterization of this chickpea ortholog CaStGR1 (CaStGR1, for carietinum stay-green gene 1) revealed the presence of five different molecular variants (alleles), each of which is likely a loss-of-function of the chickpea protein (CaStGR1) involved in chlorophyll catabolism. We tested the wild type and green cotyledon lines for components of adaptations to dry environments and traits linked to agronomic performance in different experimental systems and different levels of water availability. We found that the plant processes linked to disrupted CaStGR1 gene did not functionality affect transpiration efficiency or water usage. Photosynthetic pigments in grains, including provitaminogenic carotenoids important for human nutrition, were 2-3-fold higher in the stay-green type. Agronomic performance did not appear to be correlated with the presence/absence of the stay-green allele. We conclude that allelic variation in chickpea CaStGR1 does not compromise traits linked to environmental adaptation and agronomic performance, and is a promising genetic technology for biofortification of provitaminogenic carotenoids in chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaliamoorthy Sivasakthi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, India; (K.S.); (V.V.); (P.M.G.)
| | - Edward Marques
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, and Gund Institute for the Environment, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (E.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Ng’andwe Kalungwana
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; (N.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Noelia Carrasquilla-Garcia
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (N.C.-G.); (P.L.C.); (E.M.B.); (M.C.); (D.R.C.)
| | - Peter L. Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (N.C.-G.); (P.L.C.); (E.M.B.); (M.C.); (D.R.C.)
| | - Emily M. Bergmann
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (N.C.-G.); (P.L.C.); (E.M.B.); (M.C.); (D.R.C.)
| | - Erika Bueno
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, and Gund Institute for the Environment, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (E.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Matilde Cordeiro
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (N.C.-G.); (P.L.C.); (E.M.B.); (M.C.); (D.R.C.)
| | - Syed Gul A.S. Sani
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (N.C.-G.); (P.L.C.); (E.M.B.); (M.C.); (D.R.C.)
| | - Sripada M. Udupa
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), P.O.Box 6299, Rue Hafiane Cherkaoui, 10112 Rabat, Morocco;
| | - Irshad A. Rather
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology (SKUAST), Sopore 193 201, India; (I.A.R.); (R.R.M.)
| | - Reyazul Rouf Mir
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology (SKUAST), Sopore 193 201, India; (I.A.R.); (R.R.M.)
| | - Vincent Vadez
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, India; (K.S.); (V.V.); (P.M.G.)
| | - George J. Vandemark
- Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research, USDA-ARS, and, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Pooran M. Gaur
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, India; (K.S.); (V.V.); (P.M.G.)
| | - Douglas R. Cook
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (N.C.-G.); (P.L.C.); (E.M.B.); (M.C.); (D.R.C.)
| | - Christine Boesch
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; (N.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Eric J.B. von Wettberg
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, and Gund Institute for the Environment, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (E.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Jana Kholova
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, India; (K.S.); (V.V.); (P.M.G.)
| | - R. Varma Penmetsa
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Altartouri B, Bidhendi AJ, Tani T, Suzuki J, Conrad C, Chebli Y, Liu N, Karunakaran C, Scarcelli G, Geitmann A. Pectin Chemistry and Cellulose Crystallinity Govern Pavement Cell Morphogenesis in a Multi-Step Mechanism. Plant Physiol 2019; 181:127-141. [PMID: 31363005 PMCID: PMC6716242 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Simple plant cell morphologies, such as cylindrical shoot cells, are determined by the extensibility pattern of the primary cell wall, which is thought to be largely dominated by cellulose microfibrils, but the mechanism leading to more complex shapes, such as the interdigitated patterns in the epidermis of many eudicotyledon leaves, is much less well understood. Details about the manner in which cell wall polymers at the periclinal wall regulate the morphogenetic process in epidermal pavement cells and mechanistic information about the initial steps leading to the characteristic undulations in the cell borders are elusive. Here, we used genetics and recently developed cell mechanical and imaging methods to study the impact of the spatio-temporal dynamics of cellulose and homogalacturonan pectin distribution during lobe formation in the epidermal pavement cells of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cotyledons. We show that nonuniform distribution of cellulose microfibrils and demethylated pectin coincides with spatial differences in cell wall stiffness but may intervene at different developmental stages. We also show that lobe period can be reduced when demethyl-esterification of pectins increases under conditions of reduced cellulose crystallinity. Our data suggest that lobe initiation involves a modulation of cell wall stiffness through local enrichment in demethylated pectin, whereas subsequent increase in lobe amplitude is mediated by the stress-induced deposition of aligned cellulose microfibrils. Our results reveal a key role of noncellulosic polymers in the biomechanical regulation of cell morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bara Altartouri
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1X2B2, Canada
| | - Amir J Bidhendi
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1X2B2, Canada
| | - Tomomi Tani
- Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02542
| | - Johnny Suzuki
- Fischell Department of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Christina Conrad
- Fischell Department of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Youssef Chebli
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Na Liu
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N2V3, Canada
| | | | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Anja Geitmann
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1X2B2, Canada
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X3V9, Canada
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Bovill WD, Hyles J, Zwart AB, Ford BA, Perera G, Phongkham T, Brooks BJ, Rebetzke GJ, Hayden MJ, Hunt JR, Spielmeyer W. Increase in coleoptile length and establishment by Lcol-A1, a genetic locus with major effect in wheat. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:332. [PMID: 31357930 PMCID: PMC6664495 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1919-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Good establishment is important for rapid leaf area development in wheat crops. Poor establishment results in fewer, later-emerging plants, reduced leaf area and tiller number. In addition, poorly established crops suffer from increased soil moisture loss through evaporation and greater competition from weeds while fewer spikes are produced which can reduce grain yield. By protecting the emerging first leaf, the coleoptile is critical for achieving good establishment, and its length and interaction with soil physical properties determine the ability of a cultivar to emerge from depth. RESULTS Here we characterise a locus on chromosome 1AS, that increases coleoptile length in wheat, which we designate as Lcol-A1. We identified Lcol-A1 by bulked-segregant analysis and used a Halberd-derived population to fine map the gene to a 2 cM region, equivalent to 7 Mb on the IWGSC genome reference sequence of Chinese Spring (RefSeqv1.0). By sowing recently released cultivars and near-isogenic lines in the field at both conventional and deep sowing depths, we confirmed that Locl-A1 was associated with increased emergence from depth in the presence and absence of conventional dwarfing genes. Flanking markers IWB58229 and IWA710 were developed to assist breeders to select for long coleoptile wheats. CONCLUSIONS Increased coleoptile length is sought in many global wheat production areas to improve crop emergence. The identification of the gene Lcol-A1, together with tools to allow wheat breeders to track the gene, will enable improvements to be made for this important trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D. Bovill
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, P.O. Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Jessica Hyles
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, P.O. Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | | | - Brett A. Ford
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, P.O. Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Geetha Perera
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, P.O. Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Tanya Phongkham
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, P.O. Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Brenton J. Brooks
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, P.O. Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | | | - Matthew J. Hayden
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre for AgriBiosciences, Bundoora, VIC 3086 Australia
| | - James R. Hunt
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio Centre for AgriBiosciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086 Australia
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Ranade SS, Delhomme N, García-Gil MR. Global gene expression analysis in etiolated and de-etiolated seedlings in conifers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219272. [PMID: 31276530 PMCID: PMC6611632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant life cycle begins with germination of seed below the ground. This is followed by seedling's development in the dark: skotomorphogenesis; and then a light-mediated growth: photomorphogenesis. After germination, hypocotyl grows rapidly to reach the sun, which involves elongation of shoot at the expense of root and cotyledons. Upon reaching ground level, seedling gets exposed to sunlight following a switch from the etiolated (skotomorphogenesis) to the de-etiolated (photomorphogenesis) stage, involving a series of molecular and physiological changes. Gymnosperms have evolved very differently and adopted diverse strategies as compared to angiosperms; with regards to response to light quality, conifers display a very mild high-irradiance response as compared to angiosperms. Absence of apical hook and synthesis of chlorophyll during skotomorphogenesis are two typical features in gymnosperms which differentiate them from angiosperms (dicots). Information regarding etiolation and de-etiolation processes are well understood in angiosperms, but these mechanisms are less explored in conifer species. It is, therefore, interesting to know how similar these processes are in conifers as compared to angiosperms. We performed a global expression analysis (RNA sequencing) on etiolated and de-etiolated seedlings of two economically important conifer species in Sweden to review the differentially expressed genes associated with the two processes. Based on the results, we propose that high levels of HY5 in conifers under DARK condition coupled with expression of few other genes associated with de-etiolation in angiosperms e.g. SPA, DET1 (lower expression under DARK) and CRY1 (higher expression under DARK), leads to partial expression of photomorphogenic genes in the DARK phenotype in conifers as displayed by absence of apical hook, opening of cotyledons and synthesis of chlorophyll.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Sachin Ranade
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, SE, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Delhomme
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M. Rosario García-Gil
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE, Umeå, Sweden
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40
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Winnicki K, Ciereszko I, Leśniewska J, Dubis AT, Basa A, Żabka A, Hołota M, Sobiech Ł, Faligowska A, Skrzypczak G, Maszewski J, Polit JT. Irrigation affects characteristics of narrow-leaved lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) seeds. Planta 2019; 249:1731-1746. [PMID: 30684036 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While plant irrigation usually increases yield, irrigation also affects seed characteristics with respect to endoreplication level, chemical composition, number of carbonyl bands, and cuticular wax profiles. Seeds of sweet varieties of the narrow-leaved lupin have good nutritional properties; however, these plants are sensitive to water deficit. Irrigation improves lupin yield, but can affect seed characteristics. The purpose of the study was to evaluate irrigation influence on lupin seed features and their chemical composition. Morphological analyses showed worse quality of seeds from the irrigated plants, with regard to their size and weight. This was confirmed by cytophotometric analyses which revealed a lower DNA content in the nuclei of cells from the apical and basal regions of the irrigated seeds. The lower degree of polyploidy of the nuclei entails lower cell sizes and limited space for storage components. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis demonstrated that protein and cuticular wax profiles of the irrigated seeds were different from the control. The electrophoretic analyses indicated differences in protein profiles including changes in the proportion of lupin storage proteins. Among the various studied elements, only the nitrogen content decreased in the embryo axis of irrigated plants. Although germination dynamics of the irrigated seeds was higher, the seedlings' development rate was slightly lower than in the control. The hydrogen peroxide level in root meristem cells was higher during germination in the control suggesting its regulatory role in seed metabolism/signaling. Our study indicated that irrigation of lupin plant affected seed features and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Winnicki
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Iwona Ciereszko
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego1J, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Leśniewska
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego1J, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Alina T Dubis
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Basa
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Aneta Żabka
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Hołota
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sobiech
- Agronomy Department, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Faligowska
- Agronomy Department, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632, Poznan, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Skrzypczak
- Agronomy Department, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632, Poznan, Poland
| | - Janusz Maszewski
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna T Polit
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
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Rudnicka M, Ludynia M, Karcz W. Effects of Naphthazarin (DHNQ) Combined with Lawsone (NQ-2-OH) or 1,4-Naphthoquinone (NQ) on the Auxin-Induced Growth of Zea mays L. Coleoptile Segments. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1788. [PMID: 30978914 PMCID: PMC6479706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Naphthoquinones, plants secondary metabolites are known for their antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-parasitic properties. The biological activity of naphthoquinones is connected with their ability to generate reactive oxygen species and to modify biological molecules at their nucleophilic sites. In our research, the effect of naphthazarin (DHNQ) combined with 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ-2-OH) or 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ) on the elongation growth, pH changes of the incubation medium, oxidative stress and redox activity of maize coleoptile cells were investigated. This paper describes experiments performed with maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptile segments, which is a classical model system to study plant cell elongation growth. The data presented clearly demonstrate that lawsone and 1,4-naphthoquinone combined with naphthazarin, at low concentrations (1 and 10 nM), reduced the endogenous and IAA-induced (Indole-3-Acetic Acid) elongation growth of maize coleoptile segments. Those changes in growth correlated with the proton concentration in the incubation medium, which suggests that the changes in the growth of maize coleoptile segments observed in the presence of naphthoquinones are mediated through the activity of PM H⁺-ATPase. The presence of naphthoquinones induced oxidative stress in the maize coleoptile tissue by producing hydrogen peroxide and causing changes in the redox activity. Moreover, the incubation of maize segments with both naphthoquinones combined with naphthazarin resulted in lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. The regulation of PM H⁺-ATPase activity, especially its inhibition, may result from two major types of reaction: first, a direct interaction between an enzyme and naphthoquinone, which leads to the covalent modification of the protein thiols and the generation of thioethers, which have been found to alter the activity of the PM H⁺-ATPases; second, naphthoquinones induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which inhibits PM H⁺-ATPases by increasing cytosolic Ca2+. This harmful effect was stronger when naphthazarin and 1,4-naphthoquinone were added together. Taking these results into account, it can be suggested that by combining naphthoquinones in small quantities, an alternative to synthetic pesticides could be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Rudnicka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, PL-40032 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Michał Ludynia
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, PL-40032 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Waldemar Karcz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, PL-40032 Katowice, Poland.
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Chauvet H, Moulia B, Legué V, Forterre Y, Pouliquen O. Revealing the hierarchy of processes and time-scales that control the tropic response of shoots to gravi-stimulations. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:1955-1967. [PMID: 30916341 PMCID: PMC6436155 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Gravity is a major abiotic cue for plant growth. However, little is known about the responses of plants to various patterns of gravi-stimulation, with apparent contradictions being observed between the dose-like responses recorded under transient stimuli in microgravity environments and the responses under steady-state inclinations recorded on earth. Of particular importance is how the gravitropic response of an organ is affected by the temporal dynamics of downstream processes in the signalling pathway, such as statolith motion in statocytes or the redistribution of auxin transporters. Here, we used a combination of experiments on the whole-plant scale and live-cell imaging techniques on wheat coleoptiles in centrifuge devices to investigate both the kinematics of shoot-bending induced by transient inclination, and the motion of the statoliths in response to cell inclination. Unlike previous observations in microgravity, the response of shoots to transient inclinations appears to be independent of the level of gravity, with a response time much longer than the duration of statolith sedimentation. This reveals the existence of a memory process in the gravitropic signalling pathway, independent of statolith dynamics. By combining this memory process with statolith motion, a mathematical model is built that unifies the different laws found in the literature and that predicts the early bending response of shoots to arbitrary gravi-stimulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Chauvet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IUSTI, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Moulia
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valérie Legué
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yoël Forterre
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IUSTI, Marseille, France
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Mitra D, Klemm S, Kumari P, Quegwer J, Möller B, Poeschl Y, Pflug P, Stamm G, Abel S, Bürstenbinder K. Microtubule-associated protein IQ67 DOMAIN5 regulates morphogenesis of leaf pavement cells in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:529-543. [PMID: 30407556 PMCID: PMC6322583 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant microtubules form a highly dynamic intracellular network with important roles for regulating cell division, cell proliferation, and cell morphology. Their organization and dynamics are co-ordinated by various microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) that integrate environmental and developmental stimuli to fine-tune and adjust cytoskeletal arrays. IQ67 DOMAIN (IQD) proteins recently emerged as a class of plant-specific MAPs with largely unknown functions. Here, using a reverse genetics approach, we characterize Arabidopsis IQD5 in terms of its expression domains, subcellular localization, and biological functions. We show that IQD5 is expressed mostly in vegetative tissues, where it localizes to cortical microtubule arrays. Our phenotypic analysis of iqd5 loss-of-function lines reveals functions of IQD5 in pavement cell (PC) shape morphogenesis. Histochemical analysis of cell wall composition further suggests reduced rates of cellulose deposition in anticlinal cell walls, which correlate with reduced anisotropic expansion. Lastly, we demonstrate IQD5-dependent recruitment of calmodulin calcium sensors to cortical microtubule arrays and provide first evidence for important roles for calcium in regulation of PC morphogenesis. Our work identifies IQD5 as a novel player in PC shape regulation and, for the first time, links calcium signaling to developmental processes that regulate anisotropic growth in PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipannita Mitra
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB),Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sandra Klemm
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB),Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Pratibha Kumari
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB),Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jakob Quegwer
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB),Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Birgit Möller
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Yvonne Poeschl
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- iDiv, German Integrative Research Center for Biodiversity, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paul Pflug
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB),Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gina Stamm
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB),Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Steffen Abel
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB),Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Katharina Bürstenbinder
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB),Halle (Saale), Germany
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Mitra D, Klemm S, Kumari P, Quegwer J, Möller B, Poeschl Y, Pflug P, Stamm G, Abel S, Bürstenbinder K. Microtubule-associated protein IQ67 DOMAIN5 regulates morphogenesis of leaf pavement cells in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:529-543. [PMID: 30407556 DOI: 10.1101/268466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant microtubules form a highly dynamic intracellular network with important roles for regulating cell division, cell proliferation, and cell morphology. Their organization and dynamics are co-ordinated by various microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) that integrate environmental and developmental stimuli to fine-tune and adjust cytoskeletal arrays. IQ67 DOMAIN (IQD) proteins recently emerged as a class of plant-specific MAPs with largely unknown functions. Here, using a reverse genetics approach, we characterize Arabidopsis IQD5 in terms of its expression domains, subcellular localization, and biological functions. We show that IQD5 is expressed mostly in vegetative tissues, where it localizes to cortical microtubule arrays. Our phenotypic analysis of iqd5 loss-of-function lines reveals functions of IQD5 in pavement cell (PC) shape morphogenesis. Histochemical analysis of cell wall composition further suggests reduced rates of cellulose deposition in anticlinal cell walls, which correlate with reduced anisotropic expansion. Lastly, we demonstrate IQD5-dependent recruitment of calmodulin calcium sensors to cortical microtubule arrays and provide first evidence for important roles for calcium in regulation of PC morphogenesis. Our work identifies IQD5 as a novel player in PC shape regulation and, for the first time, links calcium signaling to developmental processes that regulate anisotropic growth in PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipannita Mitra
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB),Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sandra Klemm
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB),Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Pratibha Kumari
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB),Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jakob Quegwer
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB),Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Birgit Möller
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Yvonne Poeschl
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- iDiv, German Integrative Research Center for Biodiversity, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paul Pflug
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB),Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gina Stamm
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB),Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Steffen Abel
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB),Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Katharina Bürstenbinder
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB),Halle (Saale), Germany
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Ling A, Li X, Hu X, Ma Z, Wu K, Zhang H, Hao M, Wei S. Dynamic changes in polyphenol compounds, antioxidant activity, and PAL gene expression in different tissues of buckwheat during germination. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:5723-5730. [PMID: 29736979 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing interest in buckwheat germination regarding the improvement of its health benefits. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of germination on polyphenol compounds, antioxidant activity, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene expression in different tissues (cotyledon, hypocotyl, and radicle) of buckwheat sprouts during germination for 12 days, as well as to investigate their interactions. RESULTS Total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity, main polyphenol components, and PAL gene expression significantly increased during germination. On day 12, the rutin content in cotyledons was elevated to 88.6 g kg-1 , which was 7.7-times and 39.4-times compared to those in buckwheat seeds and radicles, respectively. Meanwhile, chlorogenic acid in hypocotyls reached 7.84 g kg-1 , which was 36.3-fold higher than those in radicles. However, the PAL gene showed the highest expression in radicles. CONCLUSION Present results showed that polyphenol compounds mainly accumulated in cotyledons and hypocotyls. There was a negative correlation between polyphenol compounds and PAL gene expression. The discrepancy suggested that polyphenol compounds might experience transportation within buckwheat sprouts. The study could provide useful information for further application of buckwheat in functional foods, and revelation of the correlation between bioactive components and related gene expressions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajing Ling
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinzhong Hu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kunming Wu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huiwen Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Hao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sifan Wei
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Wang Y, Zhou Q, Zhu G, Wang S, Ma Y, Miao H, Zhang S, Huang S, Zhang Z, Gu X. Genetic analysis and identification of a candidate gene associated with in vitro regeneration ability of cucumber. Theor Appl Genet 2018; 131:2663-2675. [PMID: 30244395 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Candidate genes associated with in vitro regeneration were identified in cucumber. The ability to regenerate shoots or whole plants from differentiated plant tissues is essential for plant transformation. In cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), regeneration ability varies considerably across accessions, but the genetic mechanism has not yet been demonstrated. In the present study, 148 recombinant inbred lines and a core collection were examined to identify candidate genes involved in cucumber regeneration. Four QTL for cotyledon regeneration that explained 9.7-16.6% of the phenotypic variation in regeneration were identified on cucumber chromosomes 1, 3, and 6. The loci Fcrms1.1 and Fcrms+1.1 were consistently detected in the same genetic interval on two regeneration media. A genome-wide association study revealed 18 SNPs (- log(p) > 5) significantly associated with cotyledon regeneration. Three candidate genes in this region were identified. RT-PCR analyses revealed that Csa1G642540 was significantly more highly expressed in genotypes with high cotyledon regeneration rates than in those with low regeneration. The Csa1G642540 CDS driven by its native promoter was transformed into cucumber line 9110Gt; molecular analyses showed that the T-DNA had integrated into the genomes of 8.6% of regenerated plantlets. The seeds from T0 plants expressing Csa1G642540 were tested for regeneration from cotyledon explants, and the segregate ratio in regeneration frequency is 3:1. The AT3G44110.1, the homologue gene of Csa1G642540 in Arabidopsis, has been reported as PM H+-ATPase activity regulation, integrating flowering signals and enlarging meristem function. These results demonstrate that Csa1G642540 might play an important role in regeneration in cucumber and could serve as a selectable marker for regeneration from cotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
| | - Guangtao Zhu
- Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
| | - Shenhao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, China
| | - Yongshuo Ma
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Han Miao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shengping Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Sanwen Huang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
- Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xingfang Gu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Kumar KRR, Blomberg J, Björklund S. The MED7 subunit paralogs of Mediator function redundantly in development of etiolated seedlings in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2018; 96:578-594. [PMID: 30058106 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
MED7 is a subunit of the Mediator middle module and is encoded by two paralogs in Arabidopsis. We generated MED7 silenced lines using RNAi to study its impact on Arabidopsis growth and development. Compared with wild type, etiolated seedlings of the MED7 silenced lines exhibited reduced hypocotyl length caused by reduced cell elongation when grown in the dark. The hypocotyl length phenotype was rescued by exogenously supplied brassinosteroid. In addition, MED7 silenced seedlings exhibited defective hook opening in the dark as well as defective cotyledon expansion in the presence of the brassinosteroid inhibitor brassinazole. Whole transcriptome analysis on etiolated seedlings using RNA sequencing revealed several genes known to be regulated by auxin and brassinosteroids, and a broad range of cell wall-related genes that were differentially expressed in the MED7 silenced lines. This was especially evident for genes involved in cell wall extension and remodeling, such as EXPANSINs and XTHs. Conditional complementation with each MED7 paralog individually restored the hypocotyl phenotype as well as the gene expression defects. Additionally, conditional expression of MED7 had no effects that were independent of the Mediator complex on the observed phenotypes. We concluded that the MED7 paralogs function redundantly in regulating genes required for the normal development of etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koppolu Raja Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, S-90187, Sweden
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU), Amarkantak-484887, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Jeanette Blomberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, S-90187, Sweden
| | - Stefan Björklund
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, S-90187, Sweden
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Mo Y, Pearce S, Dubcovsky J. Phenotypic and transcriptomic characterization of a wheat tall mutant carrying an induced mutation in the C-terminal PFYRE motif of RHT-B1b. BMC Plant Biol 2018; 18:253. [PMID: 30348083 PMCID: PMC6196432 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As central regulators of the gibberellic acid (GA) signaling pathway in plants, DELLA proteins function as growth repressors and affect diverse biological processes. The wheat RHT-B1b and RHT-D1b semi-dwarfing alleles, which encode GA-insensitive DELLA proteins, have been widely adopted in modern wheat varieties to improve lodging tolerance and harvest index. However, the molecular mechanisms by which DELLA modulates these responses in wheat remain largely unknown. RESULTS We identified a tall tetraploid wheat mutant line carrying an induced missense mutation (E529K) in the PFYRE motif of RHT-B1b that partially suppressed the semi-dwarf phenotype. The height-increasing effect of RHT-B1bE529K relative to RHT-B1b (19 cm or 21% increase) was significantly smaller than the effect of RHT-B1a (33 cm or 34% increase) relative to RHT-B1b in the same field experiment. The RHT-B1bE529K mutation was also associated with length increases in coleoptiles, seedling shoots, and stem internodes relative to the RHT-B1b allele. We detected no significant differences in germination rate, seedling root length, tiller number, flag leaf size, spike length, or yield components. Using RNA-seq, we compared gene expression profiles of plants encoding RHT-B1b and RHT-B1bE529K in coleoptile, first leaf, and elongating peduncles. We detected limited overlap among tissues of the genes differentially regulated by the two genotypes, and more genes upregulated (77%) than downregulated (23%) in RHT-B1bE529K relative to RHT-B1b. These results suggest that the wheat DELLA protein affects the transcriptome in a tissue-specific manner and that the mutation mainly eliminates or reduces repression functions of the RHT-B1 protein. Our study identified distinct sets of potential DELLA direct or indirect target genes involved in cell wall and carbohydrate metabolisms, cell cycle/division, and hormone pathways. CONCLUSIONS We identified the hypomorphic RHT-B1bE529K allele that confers an intermediate plant height and coleoptile elongation. This allele can be useful in rain-fed wheat breeding programs where the strong reduction in height and biomass associated with RHT-B1b has detrimental effects. Transcriptomic characterization of different tissues from the plants encoding RHT-B1bE529K and RHT-B1b provided valuable information for identifying DELLA downstream GA response genes in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjun Mo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365 South Korea
| | - Stephen Pearce
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Jorge Dubcovsky
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA
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Numponsak T, Kumla J, Suwannarach N, Matsui K, Lumyong S. Biosynthetic pathway and optimal conditions for the production of indole-3-acetic acid by an endophytic fungus, Colletotrichum fructicola CMU-A109. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205070. [PMID: 30335811 PMCID: PMC6193638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are known to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which can stimulate plant growth. Twenty-seven isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from Coffea arabica in northern Thailand. Only one isolate (CMU-A109) produced IAA in vitro. This isolate was identified as Colletotrichum fructicola based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis of a combined five loci (internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA, actin, β-tubulin 2, chitin synthase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes). Identification of a fungal IAA production obtained from indole 3-acetamide (IAM) and tryptophan 2-monooxygenase activity is suggestive of IAM routed IAA biosynthesis. The highest IAA yield (1205.58±151.89 μg/mL) was obtained after 26 days of cultivation in liquid medium supplemented with 8 mg/mL L-tryptophan at 30°C. Moreover, the crude fungal IAA could stimulate coleoptile elongation of maize, rice and rye. This is the first report of IAA production by C. fructicola and its ability to produce IAA was highest when compared with previous reports on IAA produced by fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosapon Numponsak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kenji Matsui
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- The Center of Excellence for Renewable Energy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mia, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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Kurtyka R, Burdach Z, Siemieniuk A, Karcz W. Single and combined effects of Cd and Pb on the growth, medium pH, membrane potential and metal contents in maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptile segments. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 161:8-16. [PMID: 29857232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of the toxic effects of Cd and Pb on plant cell growth are still poorly understood. In particular, little is known about their interactive effects, which usually occur in the environment. Moreover, the data that do exist in the literature are controversial. This study describes experiments that were performed with maize (Zea mays) coleoptile segments, which is a classical model system for studies of plant cell elongation growth. Cadmium and lead, which were added at 0.1 mM, reduced the endogenous and IAA-induced elongation growth of maize coleoptile cells. When both metals were added together or in sequence, their effect on IAA-induced growth was more toxic. The medium pH changes, which were measured simultaneously with growth, indicated that while Pb stopped IAA-induced proton extrusion, Cd only partially diminished it. Although Cd was generally more accumulated than Pb in the maize coleoptile segments, when IAA was added together with Pb, it significantly increased the accumulation of the metal. The short-term electrophysiological experiments showed that the addition of Cd caused the depolarisation of the membrane potential (Em), whereas Pb caused membrane hyperpolarisation. In the long-term electrophysiological experiments, it was found that the Cd-induced Em changes are complex. In conclusion, these results suggest that the effects of Cd and Pb as well as their combination on the elongation growth of maize coleoptile cells and the accumulation of the metals result, among others, from different ionic mechanisms by which each metal change the membrane potential of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kurtyka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Burdach
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Siemieniuk
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Waldemar Karcz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland
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