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Mlekusch W, Exner M, Schillinger M, Sabeti S, Mannhalter C, Minar E, Wagner O. E-Selectin and restenosis after femoropopliteal angioplasty: prognostic impact of the Ser128Arg genotype and plasma levels. Thromb Haemost 2017; 91:171-9. [PMID: 14691583 DOI: 10.1160/th03-06-0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryPerivascular inflammation plays a key role in the development of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA).The adherence of leucocytes to the activated endothelium, an essential feature in the restenotic process, is mediated by the cellular adhesion molecule E-Selectin. A DNA polymorphism in the regulator region of E-Selectin at codon 561 (Ser128Arg) is suggested to modulate the molecule’s physiological effects. Therefore, we investigated the association between the E-Selectin Ser128Arg genotype, E-Selectin plasma levels and restenosis after femoropopliteal PTA. We prospectively studied 175 consecutive patients with peripheral artery disease and intermittent claudication (n=126) or critical limb ischemia (n=49) who underwent primary successful femoropopliteal balloon angioplasty. E-Selectin Ser128Arg genotype and baseline E-Selectin plasma levels were determined and patients were followed up for median 12 months (IQR 11 to 14, total range 6 to 24) for the occurrence of postangioplasty restenosis (≥50%). E-Selectin plasma levels in homozygous Arg128Arg and heterozygous Ser128Arg patients were significantly higher compared to wildtype Ser128Ser patients (p=0.041). Patency rates for wildtype Ser128Ser, heterozygous Ser128Arg and homozygous Ser128Ser patients were 57%, 44% and 50% at 6 months, and 46%, 40% and 17%, at 12 months, respectively (Log Rank p=0.31). Patency rates for increasing tertiles of E-Selectin were 61%, 58% and 37% at 6 months, and 54%, 45% and 30% at 12 months, respectively (Log Rank p=0.020). Patients with an E-Selectin plasma level above 44.9 mg/dL (third tertile) had an 1.9-fold increased adjusted risk for restenosis (95% CI 1.09 to 3.30). E-Selectin plasma levels are modulated by the E-Selectin Ser128Arg genotype, and predict the risk for restenosis after PTA in patients with PAD. A direct association of the Ser128Arg polymorphism with late postangioplasty failure could not be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Mlekusch
- Department of Angiology, University of Vienna, Medical School, Waehringer Guertel 18-20 A - 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Boras M, Volmering S, Bokemeyer A, Rossaint J, Block H, Bardel B, Van Marck V, Heitplatz B, Kliche S, Reinhold A, Lowell C, Zarbock A. Skap2 is required for β 2 integrin-mediated neutrophil recruitment and functions. J Exp Med 2017; 214:851-874. [PMID: 28183734 PMCID: PMC5339670 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin activation is required for neutrophil functions. Impaired integrin activation on neutrophils is the hallmark of leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) syndrome in humans, characterized by impaired leukocyte recruitment and recurrent infections. The Src kinase-associated phosphoprotein 2 (Skap2) is involved in integrin functions in different leukocyte subtypes. However, the role of Skap2 in β2 integrin activation and neutrophil recruitment is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate the crucial role of Skap2 in regulating actin polymerization and binding of talin-1 and kindlin-3 to the β2 integrin cytoplasmic domain, thereby being indispensable for β2 integrin activation and neutrophil recruitment. The direct interaction of Skap2 with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein via its SH3 domain is critical for integrin activation and neutrophil recruitment in vivo. Furthermore, Skap2 regulates integrin-mediated outside-in signaling events and neutrophil functions. Thus, Skap2 is essential to activate the β2 integrins, and loss of Skap2 function is sufficient to cause a LAD-like phenotype in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Boras
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stephanie Volmering
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Arne Bokemeyer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Helena Block
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernadette Bardel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Veerle Van Marck
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Barbara Heitplatz
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kliche
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annegret Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Clifford Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
- The Program in Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Hjeltnes G, Hollan I, Førre O, Wiik A, Lyberg T, Mikkelsen K, Agewall S. Serum levels of lipoprotein(a) and E-selectin are reduced in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate or methotrexate in combination with TNF-α-inhibitor. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2013; 31:415-421. [PMID: 23465067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of methotrexate (MTX) with or without tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-inhibitors on serum lipoprotein(a) (s-Lp(a)), and to explore a possible relationship between s-Lp(a) and endothelial function (EF) in terms of serum levels of adhesion molecules and reactive hyperaemic index (RHI) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Serum levels of Lp(a), endothelial adhesion molecules, RHI and inflammatory markers were studied in 64 RA patients, starting with either MTX (n=34) or MTX+TNF-α-inhibitor treatment (n=30) at baseline and after 6 weeks and 6 months. RESULTS Compared to baseline values, s-Lp(a) was significantly reduced after 6 weeks (p=0.001) and 6 months (p=0.001) in RA patients treated with MTX, and after 6 weeks (p=0.001) in the MTX+TNF-α-inhibitor group. A non-significant reduction was found after 6 months (p=0.102) in the MTX+TNFα-inhibitor group. Serum E-selectin (s-E-selectin) was significantly reduced in both RA treatment groups at both control points. S-Lp(a) correlated positively with s-E-selectin at baseline (p=0.004), and change in s-E-selectin correlated with the change in s-Lp(a) during follow-up (p6weeks= 0.008, p 6months=0.009). No association was found between s-Lp(a) and the other adhesion molecules and RHI. CONCLUSIONS MTX or MTX combined with a TNFα-inhibitor appears to significantly reduce Lp(a). This finding indicate that s-Lp(a) might be related to systemic inflammation, or that the examined drugs might reduce s-Lp(a) by other mechanisms. Anti-inflammatory treatment might be a novel therapeutic option to decrease s-Lp(a). The associations between s-E-selectin and s-Lp(a) suggest an interaction between these factors, or a common cause.
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Levesque JP, Winkler IG. [E-selectin, a key regulator of the division of hematopoietic stem cells and their resistance to chemotherapy]. Med Sci (Paris) 2013; 29:249-51. [PMID: 23544375 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2013293007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Nabors LK, Wang LD, Wagers AJ, Kansas GS. Overlapping roles for endothelial selectins in murine hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell homing to bone marrow. Exp Hematol 2013; 41:588-96. [PMID: 23499761 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Selectins are carbohydrate-binding adhesion molecules that are critically involved in leukocyte recognition of endothelium. The endothelial selectins have been implicated in homing of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to the bone marrow (BM) during bone marrow transplant (BMT), but the precise roles of individual selectins in this process have never been defined. BMT of lethally irradiated mice lacking both endothelial selectins (E/P KO) with limiting numbers of wild type BM cells rescued significantly fewer E/P KO than WT recipients, but higher numbers of transplanted WT cells rescued E/P KOs in a dose-dependent fashion. Short-term homing assays confirmed a substantial defect in HSPC homing to BM in E/P KO mice. In contrast, BMT of E-selectin null or P-selectin null mice at limiting cell number uniformly rescued greater than 95% of the transplanted animals. Consistent with these functional results, flow cytometric analysis revealed both E-selectin ligands and P-selectin ligands on distinct subsets of HSPC. These results demonstrate overlapping functions for the endothelial selectins in HSPC homing to BM in the setting of BMT, and define a novel aspect of HSPC heterogeneity linked to selectin ligand expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Karina Nabors
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Hamalukic M, Huelsenbeck J, Schad A, Wirtz S, Kaina B, Fritz G. Rac1-regulated endothelial radiation response stimulates extravasation and metastasis that can be blocked by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26413. [PMID: 22039482 PMCID: PMC3198428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) plays a key role in cancer treatment. Although the benefit of ionizing radiation (IR) is well established, some findings raise the possibility that irradiation of the primary tumor not only triggers a killing response but also increases the metastatic potential of surviving tumor cells. Here we addressed the question of whether irradiation of normal cells outside of the primary tumor augments metastasis by stimulating the extravasation of circulating tumor cells. We show that IR exposure of human endothelial cells (EC), tumor cells (TC) or both increases TC-EC adhesion in vitro. IR-stimulated TC-EC adhesion was blocked by the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor lovastatin. Glycyrrhizic acid from liquorice root, which acts as a Sialyl-Lewis X mimetic drug, and the Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 also reduced TC-EC adhesion. To examine the in vivo relevance of these findings, tumorigenic cells were injected into the tail vein of immunodeficient mice followed by total body irradiation (TBI). The data obtained show that TBI dramatically enhances tumor cell extravasation and lung metastasis. This pro-metastatic radiation effect was blocked by pre-treating mice with lovastatin, glycyrrhizic acid or NSC23766. TBI of mice prior to tumor cell transplantation also stimulated metastasis, which was again blocked by lovastatin. The data point to a pro-metastatic trans-effect of RT, which likely rests on the endothelial radiation response promoting the extravasation of circulating tumor cells. Administration of the widely used lipid-lowering drug lovastatin prior to irradiation counteracts this process, likely by suppressing Rac1-regulated E-selectin expression following irradiation. The data support the concern that radiation exposure might increase the extravasation of circulating tumor cells and recommend co-administration of lipid-lowering drugs to avoid this adverse effect of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Hamalukic
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Huelsenbeck
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Arno Schad
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerhard Fritz
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Toxicology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Yilmaz G, Vital S, Yilmaz CE, Stokes KY, Alexander JS, Granger DN. Selectin-mediated recruitment of bone marrow stromal cells in the postischemic cerebral microvasculature. Stroke 2011; 42:806-11. [PMID: 21257828 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.110.597088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The therapeutic potential of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) has been demonstrated in different models of stroke. Although it is well established that BMSCs selectively migrate to the site of brain injury, the mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. This study addresses the hypothesis that selectins mediate the recruitment of BMSCs into the postischemic cerebral microvasculature. METHODS Focal ischemic stroke was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion. Cell recruitment was monitored using either fluorescent- or radiolabeled BMSCs detected by intravital microscopy or tissue radioactivity. Mice were treated with either a blocking antibody against P- or E-selectin or with the nonselective selectin antagonist, fucoidin. The role of CD44 in cell recruitment was evaluated using BMSCs from CD44 knockout mice. RESULTS Middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion was associated with a significantly increased adhesion of BMSCs in cerebral venules compared with sham mice. Immunoneutralization of either E- or P-selectin blocked the middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion-induced recruitment of adherent BMSCs. An attenuated recruitment response in the postischemic hemisphere was also noted after fucoidin treatment or administration of CD44-deficient BMSCs. CONCLUSIONS Cerebral vascular endothelium assume a proadhesive phenotype after ischemic stroke that favors the recruitment of BMSCs, which use both P- and E-selectin to home into the infarct site. CD44 may serve as the critical ligand for selectin-mediated BMSC recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Yilmaz
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
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Ishihara Y, Hasegawa G, Koyama S. [Selectin family (E-selectin, P-selectin, L-selectin)]. Nihon Rinsho 2010; 68 Suppl 7:167-172. [PMID: 20960769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ishihara
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Kurume University
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Eniola-Adefeso O, Huang RB, Smith CW. Kinetics of LFA-1 mediated adhesion of human neutrophils to ICAM-1--role of E-selectin signaling post-activation. Ann Biomed Eng 2009; 37:737-48. [PMID: 19184433 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-009-9647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
LFA-1 and Mac-1 are the two integrins involved in the arrest and firm adhesion of neutrophils. LFA-1 plays a role in the early stage of cell arrest while Mac-1 stabilizes firm adhesion. Here, we further elucidated the kinetics of LFA-1 activation and its role in mediating neutrophil adhesion to ICAM-1 in the presence of E-selectin interaction. We confirm that LFA-1 activation to high affinity is transient in nature, decaying back to low affinity within 1 min after chemotactic stimulation. However, we show for the first time that this downshift in LFA-1 affinity does not return back to the low affinity state when E-selectin interaction is present and active, but rather E-selectin signals an intermediate LFA-1 conformation through PI3-Kinase that maintains an intermediate level of neutrophil firm adhesion. We further show that this E-selectin signaling is capable of returning LFA-1 to the intermediate affinity conformation outside the 1-min window previously reported for LFA-1 functionality. While our work confirms a role for PI3-Kinase in neutrophil firm adhesion, we show that PI3-Kinase may not be important in the initial transition from rolling to firm arrest (i.e. LFA-1 shift from low to high affinity conformation occurring within seconds of chemotactic stimulation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Omolola Eniola-Adefeso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Street, 3074 H. H. Dow Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA.
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Hidalgo A, Chang J, Jang JE, Peired AJ, Chiang EY, Frenette PS. Heterotypic interactions enabled by polarized neutrophil microdomains mediate thromboinflammatory injury. Nat Med 2009; 15:384-91. [PMID: 19305412 PMCID: PMC2772164 DOI: 10.1038/nm.1939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Selectins and their ligands mediate leukocyte rolling, allowing interactions with chemokines that lead to integrin activation and arrest. Here we show that E-selectin is crucial for generating a secondary wave of activating signals, transduced specifically by E-selectin ligand-1, that induces polarized, activated alpha(M)beta(2) integrin clusters at the leading edge of crawling neutrophils, allowing capture of circulating erythrocytes or platelets. In a humanized mouse model of sickle cell disease, the capture of erythrocytes by alpha(M)beta(2) microdomains leads to acute lethal vascular occlusions. In a model of transfusion-related acute lung injury, polarized neutrophils capture circulating platelets, resulting in the generation of oxidative species that produce vascular damage and lung injury. Inactivation of E-selectin or alpha(M)beta(2) prevents tissue injury in both inflammatory models, suggesting broad implications of this paradigm in thromboinflammatory diseases. These results indicate that endothelial selectins can influence neutrophil behavior beyond its canonical rolling step through delayed, organ-damaging, polarized activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Hidalgo
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Jungshan Chang
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Jung-Eun Jang
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Anna J. Peired
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Elaine Y. Chiang
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Paul S. Frenette
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
- Gene and Cell Medicine, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, New York, NY 10029
- Immunology Institute, New York, NY 10029
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Titz A, Patton J, Alker AM, Porro M, Schwardt O, Hennig M, Francotte E, Magnani J, Ernst B. Is adamantane a suitable substituent to pre-organize the acid orientation in E-selectin antagonists? Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:1046-56. [PMID: 17845854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Revised: 07/01/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The selectins play a key role in the inflammatory process, that is, the recruitment of leukocytes from blood vessels into inflamed tissue. Because excessive infiltration of leukocytes can induce acute or chronic reactions, the control of leukocyte extravasation is of great pharmaceutical interest. All physiological ligands of the selectins contain the tetrasaccharide epitope sialyl Lewis(x), which therefore became the lead structure in selectin antagonist research. Previous studies indicated that an important factor for the affinity of sLe(x) is the fact that in solution its pharmacophores are already conformationally pre-organized in the bioactive orientation. In mimics where the GlcNAc- and the NeuNAc-moieties of sLe(x) were replaced by (R,R)-cyclohexane-1,2-diol and (S)-cyclohexyllactic acid, respectively, an optimized pre-organization of the pharmacophores could be realized, leading to antagonists with improved affinities. To further optimize the pre-organization of the carboxylic acid, a pharmacophore essential for binding, the replacement of NeuNAc by bulky (R)- and (S)-adamantyl-lactic acid was studied. Although antagonist (S)-7 showed a slightly reduced affinity, the expected beneficial effect of the (S)-configuration at C-2 of the lactate could be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Titz
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Kwee L, Burns DK, Rumberger JM, Norton C, Wolitzky B, Terry R, Lombard-Gillooly KM, Shuster DJ, Kontgen F, Stewart C. Creation and characterization of E-selectin- and VCAM-1-deficient mice. Ciba Found Symp 2007; 189:17-28; discussion 28-34, 77-8. [PMID: 7587631 DOI: 10.1002/9780470514719.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A variety of adhesion molecules have been identified which mediate the interaction of leukocytes with endothelial cells. In order to define the role of individual molecules in inflammation we have produced lines of mice which are deficient in the synthesis of specific adhesion molecules. Null mutations were introduced into the genes encoding E-selectin or vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in embryonic stem cells and these cells were used to produce lines of mice carrying the mutation. E-selectin-deficient mice were viable and exhibited no developmental defects. The roles of E- and P-selectin in the influx of neutrophils were examined using these mice. The data suggest that the two selectins are functionally redundant in mediating neutrophil emigration in a model of chemically induced peritonitis. VCAM-1-deficient mice are not viable. Analysis of VCAM-1 gene expression in wild-type embryos and phenotypic analysis of VCAM-1 -/- embryos suggests that VCAM-1 is required for development of the extraembryonic circulatory system and the embryonic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kwee
- Roche Research Center, Department of Biotechnology, Hoffman-La Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110-1199, USA
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Nummer D, Suri-Payer E, Schmitz-Winnenthal H, Bonertz A, Galindo L, Antolovich D, Koch M, Büchler M, Weitz J, Schirrmacher V, Beckhove P. Role of tumor endothelium in CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cell infiltration of human pancreatic carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007; 99:1188-99. [PMID: 17652277 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djm064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T (Treg) cells have been detected in human carcinomas and may play a role in preventing the rejection of malignant cells. METHODS We quantified Treg cells and the expression of the addressins and the respective ligands that attract them in blood and in human pancreatic tumors and adjacent nonmalignant tissues from 47 patients. The capacity of Treg cells to adhere to and transmigrate through autologous endothelial cells was tested in vitro using spheroid adhesion assays and in vivo using a xenotransplant NOD/SCID model and in the presence and absence of antibodies to addressins. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS More Treg cells infiltrated pancreatic carcinomas than adjacent nonmalignant pancreatic tissues (120 cells per mm2 versus 80 cells per mm2, difference = 40 cells per mm2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 21.2 cells per mm2 to 52.1 cells per mm2; P<.001). In contrast to conventional CD4+ T cells, more blood-derived Treg cells adhered to (1.0% versus 5.2%, difference = 4.2%, 95% CI = 2.7% to 5.6%; P<.001) and transmigrated through (3332 cells versus 4976 cells, difference = 1644 cells, 95% CI = 708 cells to 2580 cells; P = .008) autologous tumor-derived endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo (458 cells versus 605 cells, difference = 147 cells, 95% CI = 50.8 to 237.2 cells; P = .04). Tumor-derived endothelial cells expressed higher levels of addressins--including mucosal adressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), CD62-E, and CD166--than endothelial cells from normal tissue. Experiments using antibodies to addressins showed that transmigration was mediated by interactions of addressins, including MAdCAM-1, VCAM-1, CD62-E, and CD166 with their respective ligands, beta7 integrin, CD62L, and CD166, which were expressed specifically on Treg cells. CONCLUSIONS Tumor-induced expression of addressins on the surface of endothelial cells allows a selective transmigration of Treg cells from peripheral blood to tumor tissues.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- CD4 Antigens/analysis
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Carcinoma/blood supply
- Carcinoma/immunology
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Adhesion Molecules
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/physiology
- Cell Division
- Cell Movement
- Cells, Cultured/immunology
- E-Selectin/physiology
- Endothelial Cells/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Female
- Fetal Proteins/physiology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins/physiology
- Integrin beta Chains/physiology
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/analysis
- L-Selectin/physiology
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Mucoproteins/physiology
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Pancreas/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/blood supply
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing/analysis
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Spheroids, Cellular
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Escape/immunology
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nummer
- T cell Tumor Immunity group, The German Cancer Research Center, INF280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Voloshyna OO, Lyzohub VH, Romanenko IM. [Possible effect of E-selectine on structure and function of arterial vessels in patients with metabolic syndrome]. Lik Sprava 2007:28-32. [PMID: 18416160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and endothelial cells activation as it was shown in patients with ischemic heart disease play important role in atherosclerosis progression and the development of cardiovascular events. Relationship between E-selectine and functional/ structural changes of the arterial vessels in patients with metabolic syndrome was not explored. We revealed that both activation of the endothelial cells and structural/functional changes of the arterial wall mostly depend on obesity and dislipedemia and in less extent on carbohydrates metabolism disorders.
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15
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Alcaide P, King SL, Dimitroff CJ, Lim YC, Fuhlbrigge RC, Luscinskas FW. The 130-kDa glycoform of CD43 functions as an E-selectin ligand for activated Th1 cells in vitro and in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in vivo. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 127:1964-72. [PMID: 17392823 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Selectins are carbohydrate-binding molecules involved in constitutive lymphocyte homing and chronic and acute inflammation processes. Th1 lymphocytes participate in cell-mediated inflammatory reactions, where the selectins play a role and predominate in delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions of the skin. Of the many candidate ligands for selectins, only P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1), which also acts as an E-selectin ligand, has been characterized extensively at molecular, cellular, and functional levels on T cells. Here, we report that the glycosylated form of CD43 expressed in Th1 cells is a functional E-selectin-specific ligand in vitro. Furthermore, we have generated PSGL-1(-/-)/CD43(-/-) double-deficient mice (double knockout (DKO)) to demonstrate the relevance of CD43 as an E-selectin ligand in vitro and in vivo. Under flow conditions, DKO Th1 cells exhibited impaired E-selectin binding as compared with wild-type, PSGL-1(-/-), or CD43(-/-) Th1 cells. DKO mice also showed diminished ear inflammation in response to dinitrofluorobenzene-induced DTH that correlated with a reduced number of T cells in infiltrates in the challenged ear. These results demonstrate that both PSGL-1 and CD43 are major E-selectin ligands and are likely to be important during leukocyte recruitment in the development of inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Alcaide
- Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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16
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Abstract
The notion that it takes two to tango is certainly true for leukocyte transendothelial migration. A growing pallet of leukocyte adhesion-induced signaling events in endothelial cells have been identified, mediating both short-term (i.e. permeability) as well as long-term (i.e. regulation of transcription) effects. Efficient paracellular migration (i.e. through endothelial cell-cell junctions) requires both intracellular calcium and the actin cytoskeleton, but also involves small GTPases, reactive oxygen species and protein kinases. The alternative route of transcellular migration appears to depend on components such as caveolae and intermediate filaments. This minireview discusses our current knowledge on the regulation of leukocyte transmigration through endothelial signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Hordijk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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17
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Abstract
Vascular endothelial activation, marked by de novo expression of E-selectin, is an early and essential event in the process of leukocyte extravasation and inflammation. Evidence suggests that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) ameliorates inflammation in animal models of renal disease, implying that HGF might inhibit specific components of the inflammatory response. This study examined the effect of HGF on endothelial E-selectin expression in acute inflammation induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. In vitro, HGF suppressed TNF-α-induced cell surface expression of E-selectin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and inhibited E-selectin mediated monocytic adhesion to endothelial monolayers. HGF activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)–Akt that in turn inhibited its downstream transducer glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3. Blockade of the PI3K–Akt pathway with specific inhibitors abrogated HGF induced inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3 and suppression of E-selectin. In addition, selective inhibition of GSK3 activity by lithium suppressed TNF-α-induced E-selectin expression and monocytic adhesion, reminiscent of the action of HGF. Moreover, ectopic expression of an uninhibitable mutant GSK3β, in which the regulatory serine-9 is replaced by alanine, abolished HGF's suppressive effect on endothelial E-selectin. In vivo, administration of exogenous HGF reduced endothelial expression of E-selectin induced by bolus injection of TNF-α. This was associated with less sequestration of circulating fluorescence-labeled macrophages in the kidney. These findings suggest that HGF ameliorates acute renal inflammation in part by downregulating E-selectin mediated macrophage adhesion to the inflamed endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA.
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Li Z, Burns AR, Smith CW. Two waves of neutrophil emigration in response to corneal epithelial abrasion: distinct adhesion molecule requirements. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006; 47:1947-55. [PMID: 16639002 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.05-1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Corneal abrasion results in an inflammatory response characterized by leukocyte emigration into the corneal stroma. Adhesion molecules play a critical role in leukocyte emigration to wound sites, but differences are evident in different vascular beds. In this study, the contributions of two families of adhesion molecules to neutrophil emigration into the cornea were investigated. METHODS Re-epithelialization, patterns of neutrophil influx and CXC chemokine production were assessed in C57Bl/6 mice after removal of a 2-mm diameter area of central corneal epithelium. Comparisons were made between wild-type (WT) mice and mice with targeted deletions of genes for CD18 (CD18(-/-)) or P- and E-selectin (P/E-sel(-/-)) or in mice with antibody-induced neutropenia. RESULTS Wild-type mice exhibited neutrophil emigration in two waves, the first peaking at 18 hours and the second at 30 hours after wounding, 6 hours after epithelial wound closure and peak levels of corneal CXCL1. In CD18(-/-) animals, only a single wave of neutrophil influx was seen, and it was temporally and quantitatively equivalent to the second wave in WT. In P/E-sel(-/-) mice, neutrophil influx was markedly depressed throughout the 48-hour observation period. Re-epithelialization was significantly delayed in mice with adhesion molecule deletions and in neutropenic animals. Transfer of wild-type leukocytes into CD18(-/-) mice resulted in neutrophil emigration into the injured cornea within 18 hours of wounding and improved closure of the epithelium. CONCLUSIONS Neutrophil emigration into corneal stroma after epithelial abrasion occurs in two waves. The first is dependent on CD18 integrins and selectins, whereas the second is CD18-independent but requires selectins. Early leukocyte emigration appears to promote re-epithelialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Li
- Section of Leukocyte Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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19
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Totani L, Piccoli A, Manarini S, Federico L, Pecce R, Martelli N, Cerletti C, Piccardoni P, Lowell CA, Smyth SS, Berton G, Evangelista V. Src-family kinases mediate an outside-in signal necessary for beta2 integrins to achieve full activation and sustain firm adhesion of polymorphonuclear leucocytes tethered on E-selectin. Biochem J 2006; 396:89-98. [PMID: 16433632 PMCID: PMC1449987 DOI: 10.1042/bj20051924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In cell suspensions subjected to high-shear rotatory motion, human PMN (polymorphonuclear cells) adhered to E-selectin-expressing CHO (Chinese-hamster ovary) cells (CHO-E), and formed homotypic aggregates when challenged by E-selectin-IgG fusion protein, by a mechanism that involved beta2 integrins. Both heterotypic and homotypic PMN adhesion was accompanied by tyrosine phosphorylation of a 110 kDa protein (P110). This event was prevented by blocking anti-(beta2 integrin) antibodies and by inhibitors of Src-family kinases, suggesting that it was part of an 'outside-in' signalling that was initiated by integrin engagement. Interestingly, Src-family kinase inhibitors prevented beta2-integrin-mediated (i) homotypic PMN adhesion triggered by E-selectin-IgG, (ii) heterotypic CHO-E/PMN adhesion in mixed-cell suspensions, and (iii) firm adhesion of PMN to CHO-E monolayers under physiological flow. Similarly to PMN treated with Src-family kinase inhibitors, PMN from hck-/-fgr-/- and hck-/-fgr-/-lyn-/- mice showed significant impairment of beta2-integrin-mediated adhesion to CHO-E. Moreover, the expression of beta2 integrin activation epitopes at the sites of cell-cell contact in CHO-E/PMN conjugates was abolished by Src-family kinase inhibitors. One component of P110 was identified as the FAK (focal adhesion kinase) Pyk2 (proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2), which was phosphorylated in a beta2 integrin- and Src-family-kinase-dependent manner. Thus, Src-family kinases, and perhaps Pyk2, mediate a signal necessary for beta2 integrin function in PMN tethered by E-selectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Totani
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy.
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20
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Cai YH, Alvarez A, Alcaide P, Duramad P, Lim YC, Jarolim P, Lowe JB, Luscinskas FW, Lichtman AH. Abrogation of Functional Selectin-Ligand Expression Reduces Migration of Pathogenic CD8+T Cells into Heart. J Immunol 2006; 176:6568-75. [PMID: 16709814 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.11.6568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are involved in autoimmune and infectious myocarditis and cardiac allograft rejection. The role of selectins in cardiac recruitment of CD8+ T cells is not understood. In this study, the contribution of T cell selectin ligands to effector CD8+ T cell recruitment into the heart was examined using a model of myocarditis, which depends on transfer of OVA peptide-specific CD8+ T cells (OT-I) into mice (CMy-mOva) that express OVA in the heart. alpha-(1,3)-Fucosyltransferase (FucT)-VII-deficient OT-I cells displayed over a 95% reduction in their ability to interact with P-selectin under flow conditions in vitro, compared with wild-type OT-I cells. Interaction of FucT-VII-deficient OT-I cells with E-selectin was reduced approximately 50%. FucT-VII-deficient OT-I cells were also less efficiently recruited into a dermal site of Ag and adjuvant injection. Significantly, FucT-VII-deficient OT-I cells were also impaired in their ability to migrate into CMy-mOva hearts, compared with wild-type OT-I cells. Transfer of FucT-VII-deficient T cells caused less severe early myocarditis and myocyte damage than transfer of wild-type T cells. Combined FucT-IV/VII-deficient OT-I cells displayed a more profound reduction in E-selectin interactions in vitro compared with FucT-VII-deficient T cells, and the FucT-IV/VII-deficient T cells also showed less early recruitment and pathogenicity in the CMy-mOva myocarditis model. These results identify a prominent role for selectin ligands in contributing to effector CD8+ T cell recruitment into the myocardium and indicate that selectin-dependent T cell recruitment is relevant to other tissues besides the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hong Cai
- Vascular Research Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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21
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Abstract
Rho family GTPases are key signal transducers that regulate cell adhesion and migration and a variety of other cellular responses, including changes in gene expression. In this review, we discuss how Rho GTPases regulate signaling by endothelial cell receptors involved in leukocyte extravasation. First, Rho GTPases affect the expression of some leukocyte adhesion molecules on endothelial cells, such as intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin, that can be induced by proinflammatory mediators, hypoxia, or shear stress. Second, Rho GTPases are activated by engagement of several leukocyte adhesion receptors and contribute to both early morphological changes and subsequent alterations in gene expression. Rho GTPases are therefore candidate targets for inhibiting leukocyte transendothelial migration in heart disease and chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Cernuda-Morollón
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Free and University College School of Medicine, London, UK
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22
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Abstract
AIM: To investigate the major steps of thrombogenesis and to identify the differences in these steps between idiopathic patient group and control group.
METHODS: Fibrinogenesis was studied by measuring the activated factor VII, total and free levels of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). The fibrinolysis step was investigated by determining the global fibrinolytic capacity. The endothelial function was assessed by measuring the levels of soluble adhesion molecules, namely soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) and soluble E-selectin molecule. The exclusion criteria from “idiopathic” patient group were abdominal surgery, pregnancy, use of oral contraceptives, anti-phospholipid syndrome, Behçet’s disease, cancer, myeloproliferative diseases. The congenital factors like mutations of factor-V Leiden and prothrombin, deficiencies of proteins C and S, antithrombin, hyperhomocysteinemia and hyperfibrinogenemia were ruled out. The total number of patients was reduced from 96 to 9 (7 with portal vein thrombosis, 2 Budd Chiari syndrome) by exclusion criteria.
RESULTS: The levels of adhesion molecules sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, free TFPI levels and global fibrinolytic capacity were significantly different (P < 0.05) in the patient group indicating an endothelial dysfunction and a lower fibrinolytic activity.
CONCLUSION: These results show that this patient group should be tested by means of endothelial dysfunction and managed differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Harmanci
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
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23
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Abstract
The recruitment of memory T cells from blood into tissues is a central element of immune surveillance and adaptive immune responses and a key feature of chronic cutaneous inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Human memory T cells that infiltrate skin express the carbohydrate epitope cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA). Expression of the CLA epitope on T cells has been described on P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) and associated with the acquisition of both E-selectin and P-selectin ligand functions. In this report, we show that CD43, a sialomucin expressed constitutively on T cells, can also be decorated with the CLA epitope and serve as an E-selectin ligand. CLA expressed on CD43 was found exclusively on the high-molecular-weight (125 kDa) glycoform bearing core-2-branched O-linked glycans. CLA+ CD43 purified from human T cells supported tethering and rolling in shear flow via E-selectin but did not support binding of P-selectin. The identification and characterization of CD43 as a T-cell E-selectin ligand distinct from PSGL-1 expands the role of CD43 in the regulation of T-cell trafficking and provides new targets for the modulation of immune functions in skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Fuhlbrigge
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, 77 Ave Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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24
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Osterholzer JJ, Ames T, Polak T, Sonstein J, Moore BB, Chensue SW, Toews GB, Curtis JL. CCR2 and CCR6, but not endothelial selectins, mediate the accumulation of immature dendritic cells within the lungs of mice in response to particulate antigen. J Immunol 2005; 175:874-83. [PMID: 16002685 PMCID: PMC2396199 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.2.874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) migrate from sites of inflammation to lymph nodes to initiate primary immune responses, but the molecular mechanisms by which DC are replenished in the lungs during ongoing pulmonary inflammation are unknown. To address this question, we analyzed the secondary pulmonary immune response of Ag-primed mice to intratracheal challenge with the particulate T cell-dependent Ag sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). We studied wild-type C57BL/6 mice and syngeneic gene-targeted mice lacking either both endothelial selectins (CD62E and CD62P), or the chemokine receptors CCR2 or CCR6. DC, defined as non-autofluorescent, MHC class II(+)CD11c(mod) cells, were detected in blood, enzyme-digested minced lung, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid using flow cytometry and immunohistology. Compared with control mice, Ag challenge increased the frequency and absolute numbers of DC, peaking at day 1 in peripheral blood (6.5-fold increase in frequency), day 3 in lung mince (20-fold increase in total DC), and day 4 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (55-fold increase in total DC). Most lung DC expressed CD11c, CD11b, and low levels of MHC class II, CD40, CD80, and CD86, consistent with an immature myeloid phenotype. DC accumulation depended in part upon CCR2 and CCR6, but not endothelial selectins. Thus, during lung inflammation, immature myeloid DC from the bloodstream replace emigrating immature DC and transiently increase total intrapulmonary APC numbers. Early DC recruitment depends in part on CCR2 to traverse vascular endothelium, plus CCR6 to traverse alveolar epithelium. The recruitment of circulating immature DC represents a potential therapeutic step at which to modulate immunological lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Osterholzer
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Section, Medical Service, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Theresa Ames
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Section, Medical Service, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Timothy Polak
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Joanne Sonstein
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Bethany B. Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Stephen W. Chensue
- Anatomic Pathology Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Galen B. Toews
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Section, Medical Service, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Jeffrey L. Curtis
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Section, Medical Service, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Jeffrey L. Curtis, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Section (111G), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2215 Fuller Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105-2303. E-mail address:
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25
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Lin CL, Dumont AS, Calisaneller T, Kwan AL, Hwong SL, Lee KS. Monoclonal antibody against E selectin attenuates subarachnoid hemorrhage–induced cerebral vasospasm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 64:201-5; discussion 205-6. [PMID: 16099244 DOI: 10.1016/j.surneu.2005.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2004] [Accepted: 04/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence indicates that inflammatory responses are implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the role of adhesion molecules in SAH-induced vasospasm is less clear. This study was designed to examine the effect of a highly specific antibody, monoclonal anti-E-selectin antibody, on cerebral vasospasm in a new murine SAH model. METHODS Experimental SAH was induced in C57Black/6J mice by injecting autogenous blood into the cisterna magna, and anti-E-selectin antibody was administered intravenously immediately after SAH. All animals were killed by perfusion-fixation 24 hours after SAH. The diameters of anterior cerebral arteries (ACAs) were measured after arteries were cast with gelatin and india ink. Peripheral white blood cell count was also investigated. RESULTS The average diameters of ACA were reduced by 22% and 25% in the SAH only and SAH plus vehicle groups, respectively, when compared with the healthy control group. After treatment with 12.5, 4, and 1 microg of anti-E-selectin antibody in mice subject to SAH, the average diameter of ACA was decreased by 9%, 10%, and 22%, respectively, when compared with the healthy control group. The protective effects of anti-E-selectin antibody achieved statistical significance at doses of 12.5 and 4 microg. Animals in the SAH only and SAH plus vehicle groups exhibited leukopenia. Administration of 12.5, 4, and 1 microg of anti-E-selectin antibody reduced leukopenia, and the total white blood cell count obtained in animals treated with 12.5- and 4-microg doses were significantly higher as compared with SAH animals. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide the first evidence that anti-E-selectin antibody was effective in prevention of SAH-induced vasospasm and imply a possible role of E selectin in the pathogenesis of vasospasm after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Lung Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, ROC
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26
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Ishihara Y. [Selectin family (E-selectin, P-selectin, L-selectin)]. Nihon Rinsho 2005; 63 Suppl 8:146-50. [PMID: 16149474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ishihara
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Kurume University
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27
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Ruth JH, Amin MA, Woods JM, He X, Samuel S, Yi N, Haas CS, Koch AE, Bullard DC. Accelerated development of arthritis in mice lacking endothelial selectins. Arthritis Res Ther 2005; 7:R959-70. [PMID: 16207337 PMCID: PMC1257424 DOI: 10.1186/ar1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2004] [Revised: 05/12/2005] [Accepted: 05/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The selectins, along with very late antigen-4 and CD44, have been implicated in mediating leukocyte rolling interactions that lead to joint recruitment and inflammation during the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Previously, we showed that P-selectin deficiency in mice resulted in accelerated onset of joint inflammation in the murine collagen-immunized arthritis model. Here, we report that mice deficient either in E-selectin or in E-selectin and P-selectin (E/P-selectin mutant) also exhibit accelerated development of arthritis compared with wild type mice in the CIA model, suggesting that these adhesion molecules perform overlapping functions in regulating joint disease. Analyses of cytokine and chemokine expression in joint tissue from E/P-selectin mutant mice before the onset of joint swelling revealed significantly higher joint levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α and IL-1β compared to wild-type mice. IL-1β remained significantly increased in E/P-selectin mutant joint tissue during the early and chronic phases of arthritis. Overall, these data illustrate the novel finding that E-selectin and P-selectin expression can significantly influence cytokine and chemokine production in joint tissue, and suggest that these adhesion molecules play important regulatory roles in the development of arthritis in E/P-selectin mutant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey H Ruth
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - M Asif Amin
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - James M Woods
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaodong He
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sharon Samuel
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nengjun Yi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christian S Haas
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alisa E Koch
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Veteran's Administration Chicago Health Care Medical Center, Lakeside Division, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Ann Arbor Veteran's Administration, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel C Bullard
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Stahn R, Goletz S, Stahn R, Wilmanowski R, Wang X, Briese V, Friese K, Jeschke U. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as inhibitior of E-selectin-mediated cell adhesion. Anticancer Res 2005; 25:1811-6. [PMID: 16033104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a placental glycoprotein hormone of clinical importance. It is secreted into maternal circulation, amniotic fluid, urine and is also found in the serum and urine of patients with malignant trophoblastic diseases. Depending on the source, we detected a remarkable expression of sialyl Lewisx on this protein. Sialyl Lewis' is known as a minimal ligand recognized by selectins, which are involved in cell adhesion processes in inflammatory and metastatic diseases. In this context, the purpose of the study was to explore the ability of hCG to serve as a selectin antagonist. MATERIALS AND METHODS We purified hCG from human amniotic fluid, serum and urine of pregnant women and from supernatants of the trophoblastic tumour cell lines Jeg3 and BeWo by immunoadsorption chromatography. The proteins were functionally tested for a specific blockade of the E-selectin-mediated cell adhesion in vitro. The efficiencies of hCG from different origins were compared. RESULTS We found that hCG isolated from serum, amniotic fluid and supernatant of the cell line Jeg3 were strong inhibitors with at least 10(3)-fold higher potency compared to the monovalent tetrasaccharide sialyl Lewisx. As expected from the carbohydrate expression, hCG isolated from the urine of pregnant women, but even from the supernatant of BeWo cells, showed no inhibitory effect. CONCLUSION hCG is an effective selectin antagonist. This fact suggests that hCG may play a role in preventing leukocyte adhesion on the foetal syncytiotrophoblast or the metastatic activity of trophoblastic tumour cells.
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29
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Piccio L, Rossi B, Colantonio L, Grenningloh R, Gho A, Ottoboni L, Homeister JW, Scarpini E, Martinello M, Laudanna C, D'Ambrosio D, Lowe JB, Constantin G. Efficient Recruitment of Lymphocytes in Inflamed Brain Venules Requires Expression of Cutaneous Lymphocyte Antigen and Fucosyltransferase-VII. J Immunol 2005; 174:5805-13. [PMID: 15843584 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.9.5805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocyte migration into the brain represents a critical event in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the mechanisms controlling the recruitment of lymphocytes to the CNS via inflamed brain venules are poorly understood, and therapeutic approaches to inhibit this process are consequently few. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that human and murine Th1 lymphocytes preferentially adhere to murine inflamed brain venules in an experimental model that mimics early inflammation during EAE. A virtually complete inhibition of rolling and arrest of Th1 cells in inflamed brain venules was observed with a blocking anti-P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 Ab and anti-E- and P-selectin Abs. Th1 lymphocytes produced from fucosyltransferase (FucT)-IV(-/-) mice efficiently tethered and rolled, whereas in contrast, primary adhesion of Th1 lymphocytes obtained from FucT-VII(-/-) or Fuc-VII(-/-)FucT-IV(-/-) mice was drastically reduced, indicating that FucT-VII is critical for the recruitment of Th1 cells in inflamed brain microcirculation. Importantly, we show that Abs directed against cutaneous lymphocyte Ag (CLA), a FucT-VII-dependent carbohydrate modification of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1, blocked rolling of Th1 cells. By exploiting a system that allowed us to obtain Th1 and Th2 cells with skin- vs gut-homing (CLA(+) vs integrin beta(7)(+)) phenotypes, we observed that induced expression of CLA on Th cells determined a striking increase of rolling efficiency in inflamed brain venules. These observations allow us to conclude that efficient recruitment of activated lymphocytes to the brain in the contexts mimicking EAE is controlled by FucT-VII and its cognate cell surface Ag CLA.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/physiology
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte
- Antigens, Neoplasm
- Brain/blood supply
- Brain/enzymology
- Brain/pathology
- Cell Communication/genetics
- Cell Communication/immunology
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- E-Selectin/physiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/enzymology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Female
- Fucosyltransferases/biosynthesis
- Fucosyltransferases/deficiency
- Fucosyltransferases/genetics
- Humans
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- P-Selectin/physiology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/pathology
- Venules/enzymology
- Venules/immunology
- Venules/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Piccio
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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30
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King MR, Sumagin R, Green CE, Simon SI. Rolling dynamics of a neutrophil with redistributed L-selectin. Math Biosci 2005; 194:71-9. [PMID: 15836865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2004.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2004] [Revised: 09/01/2004] [Accepted: 12/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The most common white blood cell is the neutrophil, which slowly rolls along the walls of blood vessels due to the coordinated formation and breakage of chemical selectin-carbohydrate bonds. We show that L-selectin receptors are rapidly redistributed to form a cap at one end of the cell membrane during rolling via selectins or chemotactic stimulation. This topography significantly alters the adhesive dynamics as demonstrated by computer simulations of neutrophils rolling on a carbohydrate selectin-ligand substrate under flow. It was found that neutrophils with a redistributed L-selectin cap roll on sialyl Lewis-x with a quasi-periodic motion, as characterized by relatively low velocity intervals interspersed with regular jumps in the rolling velocity. On average, neutrophils with redistributed L-selectin rolled at a lower velocity when compared with cells having a uniform L-selectin distribution of equal average density. We speculate on the possible biological implications that these differences in adhesion dynamics will have during the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 639, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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31
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Eniola AOAO, Hammer DADA. Characterization of biodegradable drug delivery vehicles with the adhesive properties of leukocytes II: effect of degradation on targeting activity. Biomaterials 2005; 26:661-70. [PMID: 15282144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2003] [Accepted: 03/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The site-specific expression of selectins (P- and E-selectin) on endothelial cells of blood vessels during inflammation provides an opportunity for the targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs to sites of chronic inflammation. It is well documented that the selectins mediate the initial interaction (rolling) of leukocytes in an inflamed vessel by binding to carbohydrate-presenting counter-receptors displayed on leukocytes. Previous work in our laboratory has shown that artificial capsules with the adhesive properties of leukocytes can be made by attaching leukocyte adhesive ligands to polymer microspheres (Biomaterials 23(10) (2002) 2167). Specifically, we showed that drug-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic-acid) (PLGA) microspheres coated with biotinylated-Sialyl LewisX (sLeX), a carbohydrate that serves as a ligand to selectins, mimic the adhesive behavior of leukocytes on selectins in flow chambers, displaying slow rolling under flow, suggesting that these drug-loaded particles can potentially target inflammatory sites in vivo. Since the effectiveness of this delivery system might depend on the degradation of polymer microspheres as well as the degradation of sLeX molecules, we measured the effect of polymer and ligand degradation on the adhesiveness of microspheres over time. We show that degrading sLeX microspheres maintain the ability to recognize selectin surfaces under flow for at least 2 weeks and that the ability to sustain recognition depends upon the extent at which microspheres are loaded. We also show that microsphere rolling velocity increases as microsphere degrade and that this increase is due to a combination of increase in average microsphere size and loss of sLeX molecules on microsphere surface--a result of microsphere degradation confirmed by flow cytometry. Control experiments show that microsphere, not sLeX, degradation limits the lifetime of our targeted delivery system; therefore, factors affecting degradation such as type of polymer, type of drug, extent of drug loading and microsphere size, provide an opportunity for engineering the time-scale of activity for the delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O A Omolola Eniola
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 311A Towne, 220 S, 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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32
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Bélanger SD, St-Pierre Y. Role of selectins in the triggering, growth, and dissemination of T-lymphoma cells: implication of L-selectin in the growth of thymic lymphoma. Blood 2005; 105:4800-6. [PMID: 15705798 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-04-1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression by the host is essential for lymphoma dissemination. Because selectins usually act in a coordinated fashion with ICAM-1 in the recruitment of circulating normal cells, we investigated their implication in lymphomagenesis and metastasis. Using selectin-deficient mice, we found that though the absence of E-, P-, or L-selectins did not affect the triggering of radiation-induced thymic lymphoma, the absence of L-selectin on lymphoma cells reduced their capacity to grow in the thymus. This defect, however, was overcome by altering the integrity of the L-selectin-mediated interactions in the thymus, as shown in L-selectin-deficient mice and by adoptive transfer experiments. We also found that lack of selectin expression by the host significantly delayed the dissemination of lymphomas to peripheral tissues. This resistance of selectin-deficient mice to lymphoma metastasis was dependent on the intrinsic properties of lymphoma cells because highly tumorigenic variants were insensitive to the absence of selectins. Observations that lymphoma cells disseminate with the same efficiency in normal and selectin-deficient mice suggest that selectins exert their influence at the posthoming stage of metastasis, as does ICAM-1. These results provide definitive evidence that selectins play a significant role at different steps of T-cell lymphoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D Bélanger
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
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33
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Hisano T, Namba T, Hashiguchi-Ikeda M, Ito T, Hirota K, Fukuda K. Inhibition of E-selectin-mediated leukocyte adhesion by volatile anesthetics in a static condition. J Anesth 2005; 19:1-6. [PMID: 15674507 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-004-0274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2004] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Leukocyte recruitment from blood vessels to inflamed tissues is the central step in the process of inflammation. This may cause damage of the inflamed tissues in the case of severe inflammatory conditions such as ischemia reperfusion or graft rejection. Adhesion molecules, such as E-selectin, are induced on activated endothelium and play an important role in this process. Volatile anesthetics protect tissues or organs in such conditions, and inhibition of leukocyte adhesion by anesthetics has been implicated. However, little is known about how the anesthetics act on individual adhesion molecules. We examined the effects of volatile anesthetics on E-selectin mediated leukocyte adhesion in a static condition using HL-60 cells, a granulocyte cell line, and E-selectin-coated plates as well as cytokine-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). METHODS The adhesion assay was carried out by overlaying fluorescence-labeled HL-60 cells on E-selectin-coated plates or cytokine-activated HUVEC. E-selectin in the coated plates or activated HUVEC were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. E-selectin in the activated HUVEC was analyzed by immunoblot. RESULTS Isoflurane and sevoflurane concentration-dependently suppressed adhesion of HL-60 cells to E-selectin-coated plates. Although isoflurane did not change the amount of expression, or the molecular weight of E-selectin in the activated HUVEC, it significantly suppressed HL-60 cell adhesion to activated HUVEC. CONCLUSION Volatile anesthetics suppress E-selectin-mediated cell adhesion in a static condition without changing the expression of E-selectin. A role for E-selectin in the organ protection by volatile anesthetics is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taizo Hisano
- Department of Anesthesia, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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Abstract
AIM: High levels of serum sialyl Lewisa (sLea) are frequently found in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients and have been suggested to be a serum marker for CCA. However, the significance of this antigen in CCA is unknown. In this study, the clinical significance of sLea expression in CCA tissues and the possible role of sLea in vascular invasion in vitro were elucidated.
METHODS: Expression of sLea in tumor tissues of 77 patients with mass-forming CCA and 33 with periductal infiltrating CCA was determined using immunohistochemistry. The in vitro assays on adhesion and transmigration of CCA cells to human umbilical vein endothelial cells were compared between CCA cell lines with and without sLea expression.
RESULTS: sLea was aberrantly expressed in 60% of CCA tumor tissues. A significant relationship was found between the frequency of sLea expression and the mass-forming type CCA (P = 0.041), well differentiated histological grading (P = 0.029), and vascular invasion (P = 0.030). Patients with positive sLea expression had a significantly poorer prognosis (21.28 wk, 95% CI = 16.75-25.81 wk) than those negative for sLea (37.30 wk, 95% CI = 27.03-47.57 wk) (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis with adjustment for all covariates showed that patients positive for sLea possessed a 2.3-fold higher risk of death than patients negative for sLea (P<0.001). The role of sLea in vascular invasion was demonstrated using in vitro adhesion and transmigration assays. KKU-M213, a human CCA cell-line with a high expression of sLea, adhered and transmigrated to IL-1β-activated endothelial cells of the human umbilical vein more than KKU-100, the line without sLea expression (P<0.001). These processes were significantly diminished when the antibodies specific to either sLea or E-selectin were added to the assays (P<0.001).
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the clinical significance of sLea expression in vascular invasion, and an unfavorable outcome in CCA. The role of sLea in vascular invasion which may lead to poor prognosis is supported by the in vitro adhesion and transmigration studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apa Juntavee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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35
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Laferrière J, Houle F, Huot J. Adhesion of HT-29 colon carcinoma cells to endothelial cells requires sequential events involving E-selectin and integrin beta4. Clin Exp Metastasis 2004; 21:257-64. [PMID: 15387376 DOI: 10.1023/b:clin.0000037708.09420.9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
HT-29 colon carcinoma cells attach to TNFalpha-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by their specific binding to E-selectin. This interaction activates, in the cancer cells, the MAPK SAPK2/p38, which leads to their transendothelial migration (Laferrière et al., J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 33762). In this study, we investigated the role of E-selectin in activating integrins to modulate adhesion and regulate integrin-mediated events. Blocking the integrins from HT-29 cells (alpha2, alpha3, alpha6, alphav/beta5, beta1 and beta4) with specific antibodies revealed a role for beta4 integrin in their adhesion to TNFalpha-treated HUVEC. The beta4 integrin-dependent adhesion was maximal after 30 min, whereas the-E-selectin-dependent adhesion was maximal after 15 min. Integrin beta4 became quickly phosphorylated upon addition of HT-29 cells to endothelial cells and the effect was independent of the expression of E-selectin. Moreover, a recombinant E-selectin/Fc chimera did not induce the phosphorylation of beta4. The phosphorylation of beta4 is not required for adhesion since adhesion was not affected in HT-29 cells that express a truncated form of beta4 that is deleted from its cytoplasmic phosphorylatable domain. However, the expression of the non-phosphorylatable deletant of beta4 was associated with decreased transendothelial cell migration underscoring the key role for the cytoplasmic domain of beta4 in cell migration. We suggest: 1) that the adhesion of HT-29 cells to activated endothelial cells follows at least two essential sequential steps involving the binding of E-selectin to its receptor on carcinoma cells and then the binding of beta4 to its own receptor on endothelial cells; 2) that the phosphorylation of integrin beta4 contributes to enhance the motile potential of cancer cells and increase their trans-endothelial migration. Overall, our results indicate that the interaction of metastatic cancer cells with endothelial cells implies a specific sequence of signaling events that ultimately leads to an increase in their efficient transendothelial migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Laferrière
- Le Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de l'Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 9 Rue McMahon, Québec, Canada G1R2J6
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36
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction between host lymphocytes and graft endothelial cells plays an important role in graft rejection. METHODS Using our model of isolated ventilated lung from female mouse perfused with fresh blood from either isogeneic or allogeneic male mouse for 3 hours without noticeable ischemia, we have investigated the kinetics of the early events after endothelial cell triggering by E-selectin engagement. RESULTS Isogeneic perfusion induced nonspecific endothelial cell activation, which was characterized by up-regulation of E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-2, and lymphotoxin-alpha (mRNAs by real-time polymerase chain reaction). Allogeneic perfusion was characterized after 3 hours by an additional loose adhesion of lymphocytes mediated by the E-selectin and related to the allogeneic activation of endothelial cells. These in turn expressed the I-A molecule (immunostaining). ICAM-1 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-3 mRNA levels were significantly increased in lung extracts after 2 hours, then vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and TNF-alpha mRNAs after 3 hours without evidence of TNF-alpha production (enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay). The major participation of the E-selectin in early allogeneic activation by way of the protein kinase (PK)C pathway was confirmed by using a neutralizing anti-CD62E monoclonal antibody or the inhibitory PKC 19-31 fragment. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results demonstrate that E-selectin expression (1) is not a consequence of TNF-alpha triggering, (2) up-regulates its own expression and expression of I-A, VCAM-1, TNF-alpha, and lymphotoxin-alpha mRNAs, and (3) down-regulates expression of LFA-3 and ICAM-1 mRNAs. In conclusion, in our physiologic model, the E-selectin highly participates in the loose adhesion of allogeneic lymphocytes and in the early activation of endothelial cell and therefore in structural and functional lung alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Joucher
- CNRS UMR 8078, I.P.S.C., Université Paris XI, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
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37
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Gotoh R, Suzuki JI, Kosuge H, Kakuta T, Sakamoto S, Yoshida M, Isobe M. E-Selectin Blockade Decreases Adventitial Inflammation and Attenuates Intimal Hyperplasia in Rat Carotid Arteries After Balloon Injury. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004; 24:2063-8. [PMID: 15388522 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000145942.31404.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Inflammation is one of the initial repair processes after vascular injury. E-selectin facilitates adherence of leukocytes to vascular endothelium at the site of inflammation. Because the role of E-selectin in this process is not fully understood, we studied the role of E-selectin in vascular injury with a flow chamber model and a rat model of carotid artery injury.
Methods and Results—
We established a rat aortic endothelial cell (RAEC) culture system from the aortas of adult male rats. When rat myelomonocytes were suspended in a flow chamber, rolling and adhesion to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAECs were observed. Cell rolling and adhesion were greatly reduced by addition of anti–E-selectin monoclonal antibody (mAb). We then induced balloon injury in the left carotid arteries of rats. E-selectin expression was enhanced in endothelial cells at adventitial small vessels 7 days after injury. Rats with balloon injury were injected intraperitoneally with anti–E-selectin mAb for 8 days. Inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced by anti–E-selectin mAb treatment at the adventitia at 7 days after injury. This reduction was associated with attenuation of intimal hyperplasia in the rats treated with the mAb.
Conclusions—
These data suggest that E-selectin regulates adventitial inflammation through leukocyte adhesion and contributes to the process of intimal hyperplasia after balloon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Gotoh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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38
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Hicks AER, Abbitt KB, Dodd P, Ridger VC, Hellewell PG, Norman KE. The anti-inflammatory effects of a selectin ligand mimetic, TBC-1269, are not a result of competitive inhibition of leukocyte rolling in vivo. J Leukoc Biol 2004; 77:59-66. [PMID: 15466915 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1103573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Selectins and their ligands support leukocyte rolling, facilitating the subsequent firm adhesion and migration that occur during inflammation. TBC-1269 (Bimosiamose), a structural mimetic of natural selectin ligands, inhibits P-, E-, and L-selectin in vitro, has anti-inflammatory effects in vivo, and recently underwent phase II clinical trials for childhood asthma and psoriasis. We studied whether the anti-inflammatory effects of TBC-1269 could be related to leukocyte rolling in vivo. Although TBC-1269 inhibited rolling of a murine leukocyte cell line on murine P-selectin in vitro and thioglycollate-induced peritonitis in vivo, it did not alter leukocyte rolling in mouse cremaster venules. TBC-1269 reduced neutrophil recruitment in thioglycollate-induced peritonitis in wild-type and P-selectin-/- mice but not in E-selectin-/- mice. We suggest that the in vivo effects of TBC-1269 may be mediated through E-selectin but do not appear to involve leukocyte rolling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E R Hicks
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
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39
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Green CE, Pearson DN, Camphausen RT, Staunton DE, Simon SI. Shear-dependent capping of L-selectin and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 by E-selectin signals activation of high-avidity beta2-integrin on neutrophils. J Immunol 2004; 172:7780-90. [PMID: 15187162 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.12.7780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two adhesive events critical to efficient recruitment of neutrophils at vascular sites of inflammation are up-regulation of endothelial selectins that bind sialyl Lewis(x) ligands and activation of beta(2)-integrins that support neutrophil arrest by binding ICAM-1. We have previously reported that neutrophils rolling on E-selectin are sufficient for signaling cell arrest through beta(2)-integrin binding of ICAM-1 in a process dependent upon ligation of L-selectin and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1). Unresolved are the spatial and temporal events that occur as E-selectin binds to human neutrophils and dynamically signals the transition from neutrophil rolling to arrest. Here we show that binding of E-selectin to sialyl Lewis(x) on L-selectin and PSGL-1 drives their colocalization into membrane caps at the trailing edge of neutrophils rolling on HUVECs and on an L-cell monolayer coexpressing E-selectin and ICAM-1. Likewise, binding of recombinant E-selectin to PMNs in suspension also elicited coclustering of L-selectin and PSGL-1 that was signaled via mitogen-activated protein kinase. Binding of recombinant E-selectin signaled activation of beta(2)-integrin to high-avidity clusters and elicited efficient neutrophil capture of beta(2)-integrin ligands in shear flow. Inhibition of p38 and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase blocked the cocapping of L-selectin and PSGL-1 and the subsequent clustering of high-affinity beta(2)-integrin. Taken together, the data suggest that E-selectin is unique among selectins in its capacity for clustering sialylated ligands and transducing signals leading to neutrophil arrest in shear flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad E Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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40
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Zhou Q, Zhao JL, Liu YQ. [The effect of endothelial leukocyte-adhesion molecule-1 on the shape and cytoskeleton of porcine trabecular meshwork cells]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2004; 40:614-9. [PMID: 15500767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of endothelial leukocyte-adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1) on the shape and actin cytoskeleton of cultured porcine trabecular meshwork cells (PTCs). METHODS The cultured PTCs were stimulated by interleukin-1 (IL-1) and conjugated by ELAM-1 antibody or further cross-linked by IgG. Immunocytochemical procedures were used to study the expression of ELAM-1 and FITC-phalloidin was used to stain the actin filaments on PTCs; phase contrast microscope was employed to observe the dynamic changes of cellular shape and the intercellular conjunction and confocal microscope was used to observe the changes of actin and cellular thickness. RESULTS IL-1 treatment increased the expression of ELAM-1 in PTCs which resulted in enlarged intercellular space in PTCs with more rounded and stereoscopic morphology after specific antibody conjugation or IgG cross linking. In addition, actin filaments became sparse, cellular rigidity decreased, and the cellular thickness increased after these treatments. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that IL-1 activated PTCs can express ELAM-1 and interaction of ELAM-1 with specific antibodies and cross linking with IgG, induced a rounding-up of PTCs. This change in cell shape may be due to its action on the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Eye Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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41
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Zanardo RCO, Bonder CS, Hwang JM, Andonegui G, Liu L, Vestweber D, Zbytnuik L, Kubes P. A down-regulatable E-selectin ligand is functionally important for PSGL-1-independent leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions. Blood 2004; 104:3766-73. [PMID: 15304396 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-02-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
P-selectin glycoprotein-1 (PSGL-1) supports P-selectin-dependent rolling in vivo and in vitro. However, controversy exists regarding the importance of PSGL-1-dependent and -independent E-selectin rolling. Using antibodies against PSGL-1 and PSGL-1(-/-) mice, we demonstrated abolition of P-selectin-dependent rolling but only partial inhibition of E-selectin-mediated rolling in the cremaster microcirculation following local administration of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). In vitro studies demonstrated that binding of recombinant mouse E-selectin chimera to PSGL-1(-/-) neutrophils was dramatically decreased in mice treated systemically but not locally with TNF-alpha. Further, PSGL-1 blockade abolished E-selectin-dependent rolling in wild-type mice following systemic TNF-alpha administration but not local TNF-alpha administration. Together, these data support an E-selectin ligand present on PSGL-1(-/-) neutrophils that is down-regulatable upon systemic but not local activation. To determine whether the PSGL-1-independent E-selectin ligand was physiologically important, we used a P- and E-selectin-dependent cutaneous contact hypersensitivity model. Binding studies showed no E-selectin ligand down-regulation in this model. The few cells that rolled on E-selectin ligand following PSGL-1 antibody administration or in PSGL-1 deficiency were sufficient to induce profound contact hypersensitivity. In conclusion, E-selectin mediates PSGL-1-dependent and independent rolling and the latter can be down-regulated by systemic activation and can replace PSGL-1 to support the development of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata C O Zanardo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N1
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Xu H, Manivannan A, Jiang HR, Liversidge J, Sharp PF, Forrester JV, Crane IJ. Recruitment of IFN-gamma-producing (Th1-like) cells into the inflamed retina in vivo is preferentially regulated by P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1:P/E-selectin interactions. J Immunol 2004; 172:3215-24. [PMID: 14978129 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.5.3215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although there is evidence that altering the Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2 cells may be important in the resolution of Th1-type autoimmune disease, adoptive transfer of Th2 cells is not effective in protecting against Th1-type disease and may cause disease. Therefore, we examined the recruitment of Th1- and Th2-like cells into the retina in the murine autoimmune disease experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. CD4 T cells were polarized in vitro to IFN-gamma-producing Th1-like cells and non-IFN-gamma-producing Th2-like cells, labeled, and adoptively transferred. Trafficking to the retina in vivo was evaluated by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and infiltration by confocal microscopy. There were more rolling and adherent Th1-like cells and they rolled more slowly than did Th2-like cells. Th1-like cells were preferentially recruited into the retinal parenchyma at both initiation and resolution. Surface P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) and LFA-1 were up-regulated on both populations but were expressed at higher levels on Th1-like cells. Up-regulation of CD44 expression was higher on Th2-like cells. P-selectin, E-selectin, and ICAM-1 are up-regulated on postcapillary venules in the retina. Pretreatment of Th1-like cells with anti-PSGL-1 inhibited rolling and infiltration of Th1-like cells but not Th2-like cells, providing direct in vivo evidence for the inability of Th2 to respond to P/E-selectin despite increased expression of PSGL-1. Anti-LFA-1 pretreatment inhibited infiltration of both Th1- and Th2-like cells, but more so Th-1. We suggest that random trafficking of activated T cells (both Th1 and Th2) across the blood-retina barrier is mediated by CD44:CD44R and LFA-1:ICAM-1, whereas preferential recruitment of Th1 cells is mediated by PSGL-1:P/E-selectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
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Chong BF, Murphy JE, Kupper TS, Fuhlbrigge RC. E-selectin, thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine/CCL17, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 are constitutively coexpressed in dermal microvessels: a foundation for a cutaneous immunosurveillance system. J Immunol 2004; 172:1575-81. [PMID: 14734737 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.3.1575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The success of the cutaneous immune system reflects its ability to rapidly and efficiently recruit leukocytes to areas of trauma and infection. Skin-homing memory T cells expressing cutaneous lymphocyte-associated Ag tether on the walls of postcapillary venules in inflamed skin via interaction with endothelial E-selectin and roll in response to the shear stress imparted by flowing blood. Rolling cells sample the vascular surface for chemoattractant compounds (e.g., thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine/CCL17 interacting with CCR4 on the leukocyte surface) and, if successfully stimulated, progress to firm arrest and transmigration mediated by LFA-1 and vascular ICAM-1. Although it is established that this sequence of events draws T cells into inflamed skin, the mechanisms directing trafficking of T cells to noninflamed skin are less well characterized. We hypothesized that basal expression and colocalization of E-selectin, chemokine (e.g., CCL17), and ICAM-1 in dermal vessels could serve to recruit T cells to noninflamed human skin. Immunohistochemical staining for E-selectin and CD31 demonstrated E-selectin expression in a restricted subset of dermal vessels in noninflamed human skin from three different sites. Confocal multicolor immunofluorescence imaging revealed a nonuniform distribution of E-selectin in dermal vessels as well as colocalization of E-selectin with CCL17 and ICAM-1. Coexpression of these molecules on blood vessels in noninflamed skin provides the basis for a model of cutaneous immunosurveillance system active in the absence of pathologic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F Chong
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Klintman D, Li X, Thorlacius H. Important role of P-selectin for leukocyte recruitment, hepatocellular injury, and apoptosis in endotoxemic mice. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2004; 11:56-62. [PMID: 14715545 PMCID: PMC321325 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.11.1.56-62.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte recruitment in the liver includes a two-step procedure in which selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling is a prerequisite for subsequent CD18-dependent leukocyte firm adhesion in postsinusoidal venules. However, the roles of the individual selectins in leukocyte rolling and adhesion, hepatocellular injury, and apoptosis remain elusive. Therefore, we examined the pathophysiological role of P-, E-, and L-selectin in male C57BL/6 mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine (Gal) by use of intravital microscopy of the liver microcirculation. In control animals, administration of LPS-Gal provoked reproducible hepatic damage, including marked increases of leukocyte recruitment, liver enzymes, and hepatocyte apoptosis and reduced sinusoidal perfusion. Interestingly, pretreatment with an anti-P-selectin antibody (RB40.34) markedly reduced leukocyte rolling and firm adhesion by 65 and 71%, respectively. Moreover, interference with P-selectin function significantly improved sinusoidal perfusion and reduced the increase in liver enzymes by 49 to 84% in endotoxemic mice. Moreover, the activity of caspase-3 and the number of apoptotic hepatocytes were significantly reduced by 55 and 54%, respectively, in RB40.34-treated animals. In contrast, administration of an anti-E-selectin antibody (10E9.6) and an anti-L-selectin antibody (Mel-14) did not protect against endotoxin-induced leukocyte responses or hepatic injury. In conclusion, our novel findings document a principal role of P-selectin in mediating leukocyte rolling, a precondition to the subsequent firm adhesion of leukocytes in liver injury. Furthermore, our novel data demonstrate that inhibition of P-selectin function reduces hepatocellular injury and apoptosis, suggesting a causal relationship between leukocyte recruitment on one hand and hepatocellular injury and apoptosis on the other hand. Based on these findings, it is suggested that P-selectin may be an important therapeutic target in endotoxin-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Klintman
- Department of Surgery, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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Abstract
Studies in several models of inflammation have underscored the importance of P- and E-selectins in the migration of T cells to inflamed tissues. However, the role of the endothelial selectins in infection-induced cutaneous inflammation and host-protective immunity has not been investigated. In this study, we demonstrate that CD4(+) T cells recruited to the cutaneous compartment during infection with Leishmania major express P- and E-selectin ligands. Furthermore, expression of P- and E-selectin ligands correlates with activated Leishmania-specific Th1 cells and is dependent upon IL-12. To investigate the functional role of the endothelial selectins during leishmaniasis, we infected mice either singly or doubly deficient in the expression of P- and E- selectins. Mice lacking both P- and E-selectins developed significantly less inflammation at the site of a primary and secondary infection, and exhibited an impaired delayed-type hypersensitivity response. Surprisingly, the absence of the endothelial selectins had no effect on the control of parasite replication or immunity to reinfection. Thus, these data demonstrate that although the endothelial selectins contribute to the inflammatory response, they are not required for protective immunity to L. major. Moreover, these data suggest that by blocking P- and E-selectins, the immune pathology associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis might be ameliorated without compromising immunity to infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Binding Sites, Antibody/genetics
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- E-Selectin/genetics
- E-Selectin/immunology
- E-Selectin/metabolism
- E-Selectin/physiology
- Female
- Fucosyltransferases/biosynthesis
- Fucosyltransferases/genetics
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/genetics
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Immunity, Cellular/genetics
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/metabolism
- Leishmania major/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/genetics
- Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/metabolism
- Ligands
- Lymph Nodes/enzymology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- P-Selectin/genetics
- P-Selectin/immunology
- P-Selectin/metabolism
- P-Selectin/physiology
- Th1 Cells/enzymology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Colby Zaph
- Department of Pathobiology, The School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Jones TR, Shirasugi N, Adams AB, Pearson TC, Larsen CP. Intravital microscopy identifies selectins that regulate T cell traffic into allografts. J Clin Invest 2004; 112:1714-23. [PMID: 14660747 PMCID: PMC281648 DOI: 10.1172/jci19391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell homing to sites of injury and inflammation is a critical step for adaptive immune responses. While much has been learned regarding T cell homing to lymphoid tissues, few studies have directly observed trafficking events during an effector response. In this study, we developed a model that uses intravital fluorescence videomicroscopy to determine the molecules critical to T cell rolling within skin allograft microvasculature during the effector phase of the rejection response. Additional studies were performed to quantify T cell infiltrates as rejection progressed. We found that P-selectin and E-selectin expressed on postcapillary venules play overlapping roles in the recruitment of activated T cells in a SCID reconstitution model of skin graft rejection and are important in T cell accumulation at the graft site. Surprisingly, we also found that naive T cells are recruited and accumulate via constitutive T cell L-selectin and upregulated L-selectin ligands on rejecting allograft vasculature. These data indicated that a specific retinue of molecules is upregulated during the rejection response, and they suggest potential future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Jones
- Emory Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Emory Universuty School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Zeisig R, Stahn R, Wenzel K, Behrens D, Fichtner I. Effect of sialyl Lewis X-glycoliposomes on the inhibition of E-selectin-mediated tumour cell adhesion in vitro. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 2004; 1660:31-40. [PMID: 14757218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2003.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of different types of sialyl Lewis X-conjugated liposomes as competitive inhibitors for tumour cell adhesion to endothelial E-selectin. Sterically stabilised liposomes with the sLeX ligand at the terminal end of the polyethyleneglycol (PEG) chain, as well as vesicles that had the ligand embedded within the PEG-layer, were compared to ligand-bearing liposomes without sterical stabilisation. First, 14 different tumour cell lines were characterised for their expression of sialyl Lewis X and/or A. Tumour cell adhesion was characterised in three static assays in vitro using: (i) immobilised E-selectin, (ii) CHO cells, transfected to express E-selectin and (iii) human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Sterically stabilised liposomes with the ligand at the terminal end of the polyethylene chain were the most effective inhibitors in all three assays and inhibited the adhesion of HT29 colon- and Lewis lung (LL) carcinoma cells by about 60-80%. The binding was not affected by a PEG-coating of the liposomes. Sterical stabilisation, on the other hand, completely prevented macrophage uptake (J774 cell line) independently of the presence of the ligand, while plain liposomes were taken up in an amount of 5.4 nmol liposomal lipids/10(6) macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Zeisig
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13092 Berlin-Buch, PF 74 02 38 AG Experimental Pharmacology, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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Sakhalkar HS, Dalal MK, Salem AK, Ansari R, Fu J, Kiani MF, Kurjiaka DT, Hanes J, Shakesheff KM, Goetz DJ. Leukocyte-inspired biodegradable particles that selectively and avidly adhere to inflamed endothelium in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:15895-900. [PMID: 14668435 PMCID: PMC307664 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2631433100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2003] [Accepted: 10/29/2003] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We exploited leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion chemistry to generate biodegradable particles that exhibit highly selective accumulation on inflamed endothelium in vitro and in vivo. Leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesive particles exhibit up to 15-fold higher adhesion to inflamed endothelium, relative to noninflamed endothelium, under in vitro flow conditions similar to that present in blood vessels, a 6-fold higher adhesion to cytokine inflamed endothelium relative to non-cytokine-treated endothelium in vivo, and a 10-fold enhancement in adhesion to trauma-induced inflamed endothelium in vivo due to the addition of a targeting ligand. The leukocyte-inspired particles have adhesion efficiencies similar to that of leukocytes and were shown to target each of the major inducible endothelial cell adhesion molecules (E-selectin, P-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1) that are up-regulated at sites of pathological inflammation. The potential for targeted drug delivery to inflamed endothelium has significant implications for the improved treatment of an array of pathologies, including cardiovascular disease, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshad S Sakhalkar
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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Ohana-Malka O, Benharroch D, Isakov N, Prinsloo I, Shubinsky G, Sacks M, Gopas J. Selectins and anti-CD15 (Lewis x/a) antibodies transmit activation signals in Hodgkin's lymphoma-derived cell lines. Exp Hematol 2003; 31:1057-65. [PMID: 14585370 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(03)00237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The CD15 (Lewis x) cell surface oligosaccharide moiety is expressed in a variety of normal and tumor cells and recognized by selectins. The detection of CD15 on malignant Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells serves as a diagnostic marker of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). Retrospective studies suggest that the expression of nonsialylated CD15 molecules on HRS cells has a positive prognostic value while presence of sialylated CD15 may correlate with a poor outcome. However, the relevance of the CD15 antigen expression to the pathobiology of the disease is not clear. In this work, we studied the contribution of CD15 to cell adhesion and the activation of signaling cascades in two HL-derived cell lines, KMH-2 and L428. METHODS Immobilized anti-CD15 monoclonal antibodies and recombinant E- and P-selectins were used to activate KMH-2 and L428 cells. Immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and the electrophoretic mobility shift assay were performed to detect tyrosine phosphorylation of c-Cbl, c-Jun nuclear translocation, and AP-1 DNA binding. RESULTS Treatment of cells with antibodies against the sialylated and nonsialylated forms of CD15, or with immobilized selectins, induced changes in cell morphology. Tyrosine phosphorylation of c-Cbl, together with tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple protein substrates, was also induced. In addition, binding of the CD15 molecules induced nuclear translocation of c-Jun and an increase in AP-1 DNA binding activity. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that CD15 has a dual physiological role, both as an adhesion molecule recognized by selectins and as a regulatory molecule upstream to specific intracellular signaling cascades with implications to the pathogenesis of HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofra Ohana-Malka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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50
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Abstract
The initial steps in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis involve changes to the vascular endothelium, which produces numerous substances involved in the regulation and maintenance of vascular integrity and the homeostasis of the coagulation/fibrinolysis system. A further change in endothelial physiology is an increase in the surface expression of cell adhesion molecules, such as E-selectin, which regulate adhesive interactions between certain blood cells and endothelium. As E-selectin is only expressed on activated endothelium, it therefore provides an opportunity to study pathophysiological aspects of this cell in cardiovascular and other disease. However, a soluble form of E selectin (i.e. sE-selectin) can be found in the plasma. This review will focus on sE-selectin, and its potential role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease as raised levels have been found in hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, although its association in established atherosclerosis disease and its value as a prognostic factor is more controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Roldán
- Haemostasis,Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Unit, University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK
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