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Rao S, Liang J, Song W. Accumulation of 152+154Eu(III) by Aspergillus sydowii and Trichoderma harzianum. J Environ Radioact 2018; 193-194:75-81. [PMID: 30218792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Radionuclides-resistant filamentous fungi were isolated from radionuclides' contaminated soils. Effects of contact time, mycelia dosage, pH, ionic strength and thiol compounds on 152+154Eu(III) accumulation on two kinds of filamentous fungi (Aspergillus sydowii and Trichoderma harzianum, denoted as A. sydowii and T. harzianum, respectively) were investigated by batch techniques. The maximum tolerance to Eu(III) concentration of A. sydowii and T. harzianum reached 3000 mg/L and 3500 mg/L, and the Eu(III) accumulation on A. sydowii and T. harzianum can be fitted better with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively. Filamentous fungi were characterized by FT-IR and acid base titrations, and morphological structures of mycelia changed obviously under Eu(III) stress by SEM and TEM analysis. The results suggested that filamentous fungi could play an important role in the migration and transformation of radionuclides in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghong Rao
- School of Nursing, Anhui Sanlian University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Jun Liang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China; Jianghuai College, Anhui University, Hefei, 230039, PR China
| | - Wencheng Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China.
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2
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Tan L, Tan X, Mei H, Ai Y, Sun L, Zhao G, Hayat T, Alsaedi A, Chen C, Wang X. Coagulation behavior of humic acid in aqueous solutions containing Cs +, Sr 2+ and Eu 3+: DLS, EEM and MD simulations. Environ Pollut 2018; 236:835-843. [PMID: 29462778 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The coagulation behaviors of humic acid (HA) with Cs+ (10-500 mM), Sr2+ (0.8-10.0 mM) and Eu3+ (0.01-1.0 mM) at different pH values (2.8, 7.1 and 10.0) were acquired through a dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique combined with spectroscopic analysis and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. The coagulation rate and the average hydrodynamic diameter (<Dh>) increased significantly as the concentration of nuclides increased. <Dh> could be scaled to time t as <Dh>∝ ta at higher Sr2+ concentrations, which shows that HA coagulation is consistent with the diffusion-limited colloid aggregation (DLCA) model. Trivalent Eu3+ induced HA coagulation at a much lower concentration than bivalent Sr2+ and monovalent Cs+. The coagulation value ratio of Sr2+ and Eu3+ to Cs+ is almost proportional to Z-6, indicating that the HA coagulation process is generally consistent with the Schulze-Hardy rule. Spectroscopic analysis indicated that the complexation between nuclides and carboxylic/phenolic groups of HA molecules played important roles in the coagulation of HA. MD modelling suggested that Sr2+ and Eu3+ ions increased the coagulation process through the formation of intra- or inter-molecular bridges between negatively charged HA molecules, whereas for Cs+, no inter-molecular bridges were formed. This work offers new insight into the interactions between HA and radionuclides and provides a prediction for the roles of HA in the transportation and elimination of radionuclides in severely polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Tan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Tan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei 230031, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, PR China
| | - Huiyang Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Yuejie Ai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Lu Sun
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Guixia Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Tasawar Hayat
- NAAM Research Group, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alsaedi
- NAAM Research Group, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Changlun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei 230031, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, PR China; NAAM Research Group, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiangke Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, PR China; NAAM Research Group, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Wang P, Du L, Tan Z, Su R, Li T. Effects of Organic Acids and Sylvite on Phytoextraction of 241Am Contaminated Soil. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2017; 98:407-412. [PMID: 27999882 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-2004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of soil with Americium (241Am) at nuclear sites in China poses a serious problem. We screened six plants, from five families, for their 241Am-enrichment potential. Europium (Eu), which is morphologically and chemically similar to the highly toxic 241Am, was used in its place. Moreover, the effects of sylvite, citric acid (CA), malic acid (MA), and humic acid (HA) on the absorption of 241Am by the plants, and its transport within them, were evaluated along with their effect on plant biomass and 241Am extraction volume. Barley and cabbage showed relatively stronger Eu accumulation capacities. Citric acid promoted the absorption of 241Am by barley roots and its transport within the plants. The effects of sylvite were not obvious and those of HA were the weakest in case of sunflower; HA, however, maximally increased the biomass of the plants. Our results could provide the basis for future radionuclide phytoremediation of contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang City, 621900, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Liang Du
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang City, 621900, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhaoyi Tan
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang City, 621900, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Rongbo Su
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang City, 621900, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Taowen Li
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang City, 621900, Sichuan Province, China
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Innocenzi V, Ippolito NM, De Michelis I, Medici F, Vegliò F. A hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of terbium from fluorescent lamps: Experimental design, optimization of acid leaching process and process analysis. J Environ Manage 2016; 184:552-559. [PMID: 27789090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Terbium and rare earths recovery from fluorescent powders of exhausted lamps by acid leaching with hydrochloric acid was the objective of this study. In order to investigate the factors affecting leaching a series of experiments was performed in according to a full factorial plan with four variables and two levels (42). The factors studied were temperature, concentration of acid, pulp density and leaching time. Experimental conditions of terbium dissolution were optimized by statistical analysis. The results showed that temperature and pulp density were significant with a positive and negative effect, respectively. The empirical mathematical model deducted by experimental data demonstrated that terbium content was completely dissolved under the following conditions: 90 °C, 2 M hydrochloric acid and 5% of pulp density; while when the pulp density was 15% an extraction of 83% could be obtained at 90 °C and 5 M hydrochloric acid. Finally a flow sheet for the recovery of rare earth elements was proposed. The process was tested and simulated by commercial software for the chemical processes. The mass balance of the process was calculated: from 1 ton of initial powder it was possible to obtain around 160 kg of a concentrate of rare earths having a purity of 99%. The main rare earths elements in the final product was yttrium oxide (86.43%) following by cerium oxide (4.11%), lanthanum oxide (3.18%), europium oxide (3.08%) and terbium oxide (2.20%). The estimated total recovery of the rare earths elements was around 70% for yttrium and europium and 80% for the other rare earths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Innocenzi
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Information and Economy, University of L'Aquila, Via Giovanni Gronchi 18, Zona industriale di Pile, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Nicolò Maria Ippolito
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, Rome 00184, Italy.
| | - Ida De Michelis
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Information and Economy, University of L'Aquila, Via Giovanni Gronchi 18, Zona industriale di Pile, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Franco Medici
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, Rome 00184, Italy
| | - Francesco Vegliò
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Information and Economy, University of L'Aquila, Via Giovanni Gronchi 18, Zona industriale di Pile, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
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5
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Sun Y, Wu ZY, Wang X, Ding C, Cheng W, Yu SH, Wang X. Macroscopic and Microscopic Investigation of U(VI) and Eu(III) Adsorption on Carbonaceous Nanofibers. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:4459-67. [PMID: 26998856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption mechanism of U(VI) and Eu(III) on carbonaceous nanofibers (CNFs) was investigated using batch, IR, XPS, XANES, and EXAFS techniques. The pH-dependent adsorption indicated that the adsorption of U(VI) on the CNFs was significantly higher than the adsorption of Eu(III) at pH < 7.0. The maximum adsorption capacity of the CNFs calculated from the Langmuir model at pH 4.5 and 298 K for U(VI) and Eu(III) were 125 and 91 mg/g, respectively. The CNFs displayed good recyclability and recoverability by regeneration experiments. Based on XPS and XANES analyses, the enrichment of U(VI) and Eu(III) was attributed to the abundant adsorption sites (e.g., -OH and -COOH groups) of the CNFs. IR analysis further demonstrated that -COOH groups were more responsible for U(VI) adsorption. In addition, the remarkable reducing agents of the R-CH2OH groups were responsible for the highly efficient adsorption of U(VI) on the CNFs. The adsorption mechanism of U(VI) on the CNFs at pH 4.5 was shifted from inner- to outer-sphere surface complexation with increasing initial concentration, whereas the surface (co)precipitate (i.e., schoepite) was observed at pH 7.0 by EXAFS spectra. The findings presented herein play an important role in the removal of radionuclides on inexpensive and available carbon-based nanoparticles in environmental cleanup applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Sun
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of New Thin Film Solar Cells, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 1126, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P.R. China
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , 215123 Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Xiangxue Wang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of New Thin Film Solar Cells, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 1126, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Congcong Ding
- Key Laboratory of New Thin Film Solar Cells, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 1126, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Wencai Cheng
- Key Laboratory of New Thin Film Solar Cells, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 1126, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Xiangke Wang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, P.R. China
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , 215123 Suzhou, P.R. China
- NAAM Research Group, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Kouhail YZ, Benedetti MF, Reiller PE. Eu(III)-Fulvic Acid Complexation: Evidence of Fulvic Acid Concentration Dependent Interactions by Time-Resolved Luminescence Spectroscopy. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:3706-3713. [PMID: 26926621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Europium speciation is investigated by time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy (TRLS) in the presence of Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA). From complexation isotherms built at different total Eu(III) concentrations, pH values, ionic strength, and SRFA concentrations, it appears that two luminescence behaviors of Eu(III) are occurring. The first part, at the lowest CSRFA values, is showing the typical luminescence evolution of Eu(III) complexed by humic substances--that is, the increase of the asymmetry ratio between the (5)D0 → (7)F2 and (5)D0 → (7)F1 transitions up to a plateau--, and the occurrence of a biexponential decay--the first decay being faster than free Eu(3+). At higher CSRFA, a second luminescence mode is detected as the asymmetry ratio is increasing again after the previous plateau, and could correspond to the formation of another type of complex, and/or it can reflect a different spatial organization of complexed europium within the SRFA structure. The luminescence decay keeps on evolving but link to hydration number is not straightforward due to quenching mechanisms. The Eu(III) chemical environment evolution with CSRFA is also ionic strength dependent. These observations suggest that in addition to short-range interactions--intraparticulate complexation--, there might be interactions at longer range--interparticulate repulsion--between particles that are complexing Eu(III) at high CSRFA. These interactions are not yet accounted by the different complexation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Z Kouhail
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot , UMR 7154 CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Marc F Benedetti
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot , UMR 7154 CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
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7
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Kasar S, Kumar S, Bajpai RK, Tomar BS. Diffusion of Na(I), Cs(I), Sr(II) and Eu(III) in smectite rich natural clay. J Environ Radioact 2016; 151 Pt 1:218-223. [PMID: 26519922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion of Na(I), Cs(I), Sr(II) and Eu(III) in smectite rich natural clay, proposed as a backfill material in the Indian geological repository, was studied using the out-diffusion method. Radiotracers (22)Na, (137)Cs, (85)Sr and (154)Eu were used; the first three are carrier-free enabling experimental work at sub-micromolar metal ion concentration, and Eu(III) tracer (154)Eu was used at sub millimolar concentration. An out-diffusion methodology, wherein a thin planar source of radioactivity placed between two clay columns diffuses out, was used to obtain the apparent diffusion coefficient (Da) values. This methodology enabled determination of diffusion coefficient even for strongly sorbing (154)Eu. Da values for (22)Na, (137)Cs, (85)Sr and (154)Eu were 2.35 (±0.14) × 10(-11), 2.65 (±0.09) × 10(-12), 3.32 (±0.15) × 10(-11) and 1.23 (±0.15) × 10(-13) m(2) s(-1), respectively. Da values were found to be in fair agreement with literature data reported for similar mineralogical sediments. Sorption of radionuclides on the clay was also determined in the present study and differences in Da values were rationalized on the basis of sorption data. Distribution ratios (Kd) for Cs(I) and Eu(III) were higher than that for Sr(II), which in turn was higher than that for Na(I).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharayu Kasar
- Radioanalytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Radioanalytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - R K Bajpai
- Technology Development Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - B S Tomar
- Radioanalytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.
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El Afifi EM, Attallah MF, Borai EH. Utilization of natural hematite as reactive barrier for immobilization of radionuclides from radioactive liquid waste. J Environ Radioact 2016; 151 Pt 1:156-165. [PMID: 26465672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Potential utilization of hematite as a natural material for immobilization of long-lived radionuclides from radioactive liquid waste was investigated. Hematite ore has been characterized by different analytical tools such as Fourier transformer infrared (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal (DT) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and BET-surface area. In this study, europium was used as REEs(III) and as a homolog of Am(III)-isotopes (such as (241)Am of 432.6 y, (242m)Am of 141 y and (243)Am of 7370 y). Micro particles of the hematite ore were used for treatment of radioactive waste containing (152+154)Eu(III). The results indicated that 96% (4.1 × 10(4) Bq) of (152+154)Eu(III) was efficiently retained onto hematite ore. Kinetic experiments indicated that the processes could be simulated by a pseudo-second-order model and suggested that the process may be chemisorption in nature. The applicability of Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models was investigated. It was found that Langmuir isotherm exhibited the best fit with the experimental results. It can be concluded that hematite is an economic and efficient reactive barrier for immobilization of long-lived radio isotopes of actinides and REEs(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- E M El Afifi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Control, Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center (HLWMC), Atomic Energy Authority of Egypt, Post Office Code 13759, Abu Zaabal Cairo, Egypt
| | - M F Attallah
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Control, Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center (HLWMC), Atomic Energy Authority of Egypt, Post Office Code 13759, Abu Zaabal Cairo, Egypt.
| | - E H Borai
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Control, Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center (HLWMC), Atomic Energy Authority of Egypt, Post Office Code 13759, Abu Zaabal Cairo, Egypt
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9
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Fischer JL, Lutomski CA, El-Baba TJ, Siriwardena-Mahanama BN, Weidner SM, Falkenhagen J, Allen MJ, Trimpin S. Matrix-Assisted Ionization-Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry: Selective Analysis of a Europium-PEG Complex in a Crude Mixture. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2015; 26:2086-2095. [PMID: 26453417 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The analytical utility of a new and simple to use ionization method, matrix-assisted ionization (MAI), coupled with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and mass spectrometry (MS) is used to characterize a 2-armed europium(III)-containing poly(ethylene glycol) (Eu-PEG) complex directly from a crude sample. MAI was used with the matrix 1,2-dicyanobenzene, which affords low chemical background relative to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI). MAI provides high ion abundance of desired products in comparison to ESI and MALDI. Inductively coupled plasma-MS measurements were used to estimate a maximum of 10% of the crude sample by mass was the 2-arm Eu-PEG complex, supporting evidence of selective ionization of Eu-PEG complexes using the new MAI matrix, 1,2-dicyanobenzene. Multiply charged ions formed in MAI enhance the IMS gas-phase separation, especially relative to the singly charged ions observed with MALDI. Individual components are cleanly separated and readily identified, allowing characterization of the 2-arm Eu-PEG conjugate from a mixture of the 1-arm Eu-PEG complex and unreacted starting materials. Size-exclusion chromatography, liquid chromatography at critical conditions, MALDI-MS, ESI-MS, and ESI-IMS-MS had difficulties with this analysis, or failed. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Corinne A Lutomski
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Tarick J El-Baba
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | | | - Steffen M Weidner
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Falkenhagen
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthew J Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Sarah Trimpin
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
- MSTM, LLC, Newark, DE, 19711, USA.
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10
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Azbouche A, Belgaid M, Mazrou H. Monte Carlo calculations of the HPGe detector efficiency for radioactivity measurement of large volume environmental samples. J Environ Radioact 2015; 146:119-124. [PMID: 25982445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A fully detailed Monte Carlo geometrical model of a High Purity Germanium detector with a (152)Eu source, packed in Marinelli beaker, was developed for routine analysis of large volume environmental samples. Then, the model parameters, in particular, the dead layer thickness were adjusted thanks to a specific irradiation configuration together with a fine-tuning procedure. Thereafter, the calculated efficiencies were compared to the measured ones for standard samples containing (152)Eu source filled in both grass and resin matrices packed in Marinelli beaker. From this comparison, a good agreement between experiment and Monte Carlo calculation results was obtained highlighting thereby the consistency of the geometrical computational model proposed in this work. Finally, the computational model was applied successfully to determine the (137)Cs distribution in soil matrix. From this application, instructive results were achieved highlighting, in particular, the erosion and accumulation zone of the studied site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Azbouche
- Centre de Recherche Nucléaire d'Alger, 02, Bd. Frantz Fanon, B.P. 399, 16000, Alger-Gare, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Belgaid
- USTHB, Faculté de Physique, Laboratoire SNIRM, B.P. 32, El-Alia, 16111, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Hakim Mazrou
- Centre de Recherche Nucléaire d'Alger, 02, Bd. Frantz Fanon, B.P. 399, 16000, Alger-Gare, Algiers, Algeria
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11
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Abstract
Despite long-standing efforts, there is no agreed upon structural model for electrolyte solutions at air-liquid interfaces. We report the simultaneous detection of the near-surface and bulk coordination environments of a trivalent metal cation (europium) in an aqueous solution by use of X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Within the first few nanometers of the liquid surface, the cations exhibit oxygen coordination typical of inner-sphere hydration of an aquated Eu(3+) cation. Beyond that, outer-sphere ion-ion correlations are observed that are otherwise not present in the bulk electrolyte. The combination of near-surface and bulk sensitivities to probe metal ion speciation in electrolyte solutions is achieved by detecting electron-yield and X-ray fluorescence signals from an inverted pendant drop. The results provide new knowledge about the near-surface chemistry of aqueous solutions of relevance to aerosols and ion transport processes in chemical separations and biological systems.
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12
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Maji S, Kumar S, Sankaran K. Estimation of Eu(3+) in bulk uranium by ligand sensitized fluorescence in dimethyl sulphoxide. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2014; 133:259-264. [PMID: 24950382 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ligand sensitized fluorescence of europium ion using thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA) as a sensitizing ligand and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) as a solvent is studied for the first time. TTA ligand enhances the fluorescence of Eu(3+) by a factor of 40000 in DMSO. Linearity is obtained for a concentration range of 0.076-7.6ng/mL of Eu(3+) with a detection limit of 7.6pg/mL. The quenching of Eu(3+)-TTA fluorescence by uranium matrix was studied in different solvents and found to be less in DMSO. Consequently, estimation of Eu(3+) in a large excess of uranium becomes a possibility without the need to separate uranium from the solution, which has been demonstrated in this paper. Satisfactory results are obtained when Eu(3+) is present at a concentration of 0.6μg/g in uranium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maji
- Materials Chemistry Division, Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, India.
| | - Satendra Kumar
- Materials Chemistry Division, Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
| | - K Sankaran
- Materials Chemistry Division, Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
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13
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Yang G, Tan QG, Zhu L, Wilkinson KJ. The role of complexation and competition in the biouptake of europium by a unicellular alga. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014; 33:2609-2615. [PMID: 25132226 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Short-term (60 min) europium (Eu) biouptake fluxes by the freshwater green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were investigated in the presence and absence of ligands (e.g., malic acid and citric acid) and a second rare earth metal, samarium (Sm). Data were interpreted in the context of the biotic ligand model, which uses experimentally determined stability constants to take into account the competition and complexation of the metal of interest. In the absence of ligands or competitors, Eu biouptake was well described by a Michaelis-Menten equation with the maximal uptake flux (Jmax ) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km ) of Jmax = 1.7 × 10(-14) mol cm(-2) s(-1) and Km = 10(-7.0) M (corresponding to an affinity constant of 10(7.0) M(-1) ). Biouptake of Eu (or Sm) decreased as the concentration of a competing rare earth element (i.e., Sm or Eu) increased, as predicted by the biotic ligand model. On the other hand, when hydrophilic complexes were formed with citric and malic acid, Eu biouptake was much greater than predicted on the basis of free ion concentrations alone. Overall, the results showed that for C. reinhardtii the rare earth elements were likely to share a common biouptake pathway; biouptake of one rare earth element was reduced when another was present, and rare earth element complexes were bioavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Department of Chemistry, Biophysical Environmental Chemistry Group, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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14
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Baggaley E, Cao DK, Sykes D, Botchway SW, Weinstein JA, Ward MD. Combined two-photon excitation and d→f energy transfer in a water-soluble Ir(III)/Eu(III) dyad: two luminescence components from one molecule for cellular imaging. Chemistry 2014; 20:8898-903. [PMID: 24930403 PMCID: PMC4145666 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The first example of cell imaging using two independent emission components from a dinuclear d/f complex is reported. A water-stable, cell-permeable Ir(III) /Eu(III) dyad undergoes partial Ir→Eu energy transfer following two-photon excitation of the Ir unit at 780 nm. Excitation in the near-IR region generated simultaneously green Ir-based emission and red Eu-based emission from the same probe. The orders-of-magnitude difference in their timescales (Ir ca. μs; Eu ca. 0.5 ms) allowed them to be identified by time-gated detection. Phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (PLIM) allowed the lifetime of the Ir-based emission to be measured in different parts of the cell. At the same time, the cells are simultaneously imaged by using the Eu-based emission component at longer timescales. This new approach to cellular imaging by using dual d/f emitters should therefore enable autofluorescence-free sensing of two different analytes, independently, simultaneously and in the same regions of a cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deng-Ke Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of SheffieldSheffield S3 7HF (UK)
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093 (P.R. China)
| | - Daniel Sykes
- Department of Chemistry, University of SheffieldSheffield S3 7HF (UK)
| | - Stanley W Botchway
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcot OX11 0FA (UK)
| | - Julia A Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of SheffieldSheffield S3 7HF (UK)
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of SheffieldSheffield S3 7HF (UK)
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15
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Murali Mohan M, Rama Moorthy L, Ramachari D, Jayasankar CK. Spectroscopic investigation and optical characterization of Eu3+ ions in K-Nb-Si glasses. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2014; 118:966-971. [PMID: 24161859 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the effect of concentration of Eu(3+) ions in K2O-Nb2O5-SiO2-Eu2O3 (KNbSiEu) glasses prepared by the melt quenching technique. By using the Judd-Ofelt (JO) theory, the intensity parameters Ωλ (λ=2, 4, 6) have been determined from the absorption and emission spectra of Eu(3+) ions under different constraints. The radiative properties of some of the excited states of Eu(3+) ions have been calculated. The decay curves of (5)D0 level exhibited single exponential for all the Eu(3+) ions concentrations. From these results, it is suggested that the strong red emission at 616 nm corresponding to the (5)D0→(7)F2 transition could be used for the development of optical display devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Murali Mohan
- Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, India
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16
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El-Khatib AM, Gouda MM, Badawi MS, Nafee SS, El-Mallah EA. New analytical approach to calibrate the NaI (Tl) detectors using spherical radioactive sources. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2013; 156:109-117. [PMID: 23509395 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new theoretical approach was used to calibrate and calculate the full-energy peak efficiency of the NaI (Tl) detectors based on the direct statistical method proposed by Selim and Abbas for cylindrical detectors. In addition, the self-attenuation of the source matrix, the attenuation by the source container and the detector housing materials were considered in the mathematical treatment. Results were compared with those measured by a cylindrical NaI (Tl) detector with resolution (FWHM) at 662 keV equal to 7.5 %. (152)Eu aqueous radioactive spherical sources covering the energy range from 121 to 1408 keV were used. In comparison, the calculated and the measured full-energy peak efficiency values were in good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M El-Khatib
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21511 Alexandria, Egypt
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17
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Zhang L, Zheng X, Ahmad W, Zhou Y, An Y. A new and efficient luminescence enhancement system of Eu-N-(3,5-dibromosalicylidene)-2-aminopyridine-1,10-phenanthroline and its application in the determination of trace amounts of europium. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 104:243-249. [PMID: 23270883 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive luminescence enhancement system has been developed for the determination of trace amounts of trivalent europium. The luminescence intensity of europium complex with N-(3,5-dibromosalicylidene)-2-aminopyridine (HL) was greatly enhanced after the addition of 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) in acetonitrile solution. The excitation and emission wavelengths were 274 and 617 nm respectively. Under optimal conditions, the luminescence intensities varied linearly with Eu(3+) concentration in the range of 4.0 × 10(-6)∼2.4 × 10(-5) mol L(-1) with a detection limit of 4.3 × 10(-10) mol L(-1). This method was successfully applied to determine the trace amounts of Eu(3+) in a high purity Gd(2)O(3) matrix and in a mixed lanthanide sample. Energy transfer mechanism and luminescence enhancement of HL-Phen-Eu ternary system were studied. The results indicate that both HL and Phen are good sensitizers for the luminescence of Eu(3+) ions, as energy gap between the lowest triplet level of HL/Phen and the resonant level of Eu(3+) ((5)D(1)) exists around the optimal value (3000 ± 500 cm(-1)). The interference by some other lanthanide ions and common ions were also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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18
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Kropatcheva M, Chuguevsky A, Melgunov M. Distribution of 152Eu and 154Eu in the 'alluvial soil-rhizosphere-plant roots' system. J Environ Radioact 2012; 106:58-64. [PMID: 22305001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of (152)Eu and (15)(4)Eu isotopes in bulk soil and rhizosphere soil in the near-field zone of influence of the Krasnoyarsk Mining and Chemical Combine was studied. An uneven distribution of specific activity of Eu isotopes was observed, with the gross specific activities of the isotopes in the bulk soil exceeding those of the rhizosphere. In the most contaminated locations the fine and the coarse granulometric fractions are enriched with the isotopes. A laboratory experiment indicated potential removal of soluble Eu isotopes by river flood waters may amount to 3% of the total Eu in both bulk and rhizosphere soils. The root system of plants growing in the contaminated territory accumulates (152)Eu and (154)Eu, although the isotopes were not discovered in aboveground parts of plants. Root-hairs were found to be the most contaminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marya Kropatcheva
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 3 Prosp. Akademika Koptyuga, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
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19
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Bondarkov MD, Zheltonozhsky VA, Zheltonozhskaya MV, Kulich NV, Maksimenko AM, Farfán EB, Jannik GT, Marra JC. Assessment of the radionuclide composition of "hot particles" sampled in the Chernobyl nuclear power plant fourth reactor unit. Health Phys 2011; 101:368-374. [PMID: 21878762 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e31820dbc53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fuel-containing materials sampled from within the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) Unit 4 Confinement Shelter were spectroscopically studied for gamma and alpha content. Isotopic ratios for cesium, europium, plutonium, americium, and curium were identified, and the fuel burn-up in these samples was determined. A systematic deviation in the burn-up values based on the cesium isotopes in comparison with other radionuclides was observed. The studies conducted were the first ever performed to demonstrate the presence of significant quantities of 242Cm and 243Cm. It was determined that there was a systematic underestimation of activities of transuranic radionuclides in fuel samples from inside of the ChNPP Confinement Shelter, starting from 241Am (and going higher) in comparison with the theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail D Bondarkov
- Chernobyl Center for Nuclear Safety, Radioactive Waste and Radioecology, International Radioecology Laboratory, Slavutych, Ukraine
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20
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Ciraj-Bjelac O, Kovacevic M, Kosutic D, Arandjic D, Lazarevic D. A radiological incident with a radioactive lightning rod source found in a vehicle used by film crewmembers: a case study. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2010; 141:309-314. [PMID: 20639515 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An overview of radiological incident involving radiation source from a lightning rod (152Eu/154Eu), together with dose estimation for individuals exposed to ionising radiation is given in the paper. The cause of the incident was an orphaned source from a lightning rod. The dose received by individuals was assessed using a retrospective dosimetry technique, based on the information on behaviour of individuals and results of dose rate measurements in the vicinity of the source. Several people have been exposed to relatively high dose rates for an extended period of time. The conservatively estimated cumulative dose values for two categories of individuals were 50 and 40 mSv, respectively, which are significantly higher than annual dose limit for public exposure of 1 mSv. The need to identify radioactive sources incorporated in radioactive lightning rods, to maintain control and accountability and to remove and dispose of them properly along with appropriate record keeping in Serbia was highlighted. These activities would reduce the probability of occurrence of radiation incidents in Serbia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivera Ciraj-Bjelac
- Radiation and Environmental Protection Department, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia.
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21
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Abstract
Enhancements in radiation detection equipment at border crossings and airports resulted in a report to our institution from a Sm-EDTMP therapy patient who was questioned after triggering radiation alarms. Using a clinical SPECT camera in its service mode, gamma-ray spectroscopy was performed on three patients whose Sm-EDTMP injections were given between 4 mo and 2 y prior to this study. The spectra revealed the presence of high-energy photon peaks characteristic of those from Eu. While the presence of Eu in Sm injections is documented in the literature, the implications of its presence are not widely known. The results of this study show that Eu (t1/2 = 8.5 y) remains in the bones in detectable amounts for several years and may create concerning situations for post therapy patients at some security checkpoints. Institutions performing Sm-EDTMP therapy may want to inform their patients of this situation and provide a wallet card.
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22
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Abstract
The drug-delivery field needs tools to follow vector biodistribution. Radioactive tracers and conventional fluorophores are widely used. We propose here to use europium complexes. Use of pulsed light source time-resolved fluorimetry takes into account the fluorescence decay time of the lanthanide chelates to gain sensitivity in biological media. The method was developed to follow liposome biodistribution. Octadecyl-DTPA.Eu compound has been prepared and incorporated into liposomes without alteration of its fluorescence signal. The method has been validated by comparison with fluorophore-labelled liposomes. The way to proceed to use this method for liposomes or other vectors is detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Mignet
- Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, CNRS, UMR, Paris, France
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23
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Abstract
Highly emissive europium complexes with specific endoplasmic reticulum localization potential includes several advantages such as fast uptake, long resident lifetime, low dosage requirement, low cytotoxicity and highly emissive two-photon induced f-f emission imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Lai Law
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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24
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Brevet J, Claret F, Reiller PE. Spectral and temporal luminescent properties of Eu(III) in humic substance solutions from different origins. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2009; 74:446-453. [PMID: 19632145 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although a high heterogeneity of composition is awaited for humic substances, their complexation properties do not seem to greatly depend on their origins. The information on the difference in the structure of these complexes is scarce. To participate in the filling of this lack, a study of the spectral and temporal evolution of the Eu(III) luminescence implied in humic substance (HS) complexes is presented. Seven different extracts, namely Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) and humic acid (SRHA), and Leonardite HA (LHA) from the International Humic Substances Society (USA), humic acid from Gorleben (GohyHA), and from the Kleiner Kranichsee bog (KFA, KHA) from Germany, and purified commercial Aldrich HA (PAHA), were made to contact with Eu(III). Eu(III)-HS time-resolved luminescence properties were compared with aqueous Eu(3+) at pH 5. Using an excitation wavelength of 394 nm, the typical bi-exponential luminescence decay for Eu(III)-HS complexes is common to all the samples. The components tau(1) and tau(2) are in the same order of magnitude for all the samples, i.e., 40 <or= tau(1) (micros) <or= 60, and 145 <or= tau(2) (micros) <or= 190, but significantly different. It is shown that different spectra are obtained from the different groups of samples. Terrestrial extract on the one hand, i.e. LHA/GohyHA, plus PAHA, and purely aquatic extracts on the other hand, i.e., SRFA/SRHA/KFA/KHA, induce inner coherent luminescent properties of Eu(III) within each group. The (5)D(0) --> (7)F(2) transition exhibits the most striking differences. A slight blue shift is observed compared to aqueous Eu(3+) (lambda(max) = 615.4 nm), and the humic samples share almost the same lambda(max) approximately 614.5 nm. The main differences between the samples reside in a shoulder around lambda approximately 612.5 nm, modelled by a mixed Gaussian-Lorentzian band around lambda approximately 612 nm. SRFA shows the most intense shoulder with an intensity ratio of I(612.5)/I(614.7) = 1.1, KFA/KHA/SRHA share almost the same ratio I(612.5)/I(614.7) = 1.2-1.3, whilst the LHA/GohyHA/PAHA group has a I(612.5)/I(614.5) = 1.5-1.6. This shows that for the two groups of complexes, despite comparable complexing properties, slightly different symmetries are awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Brevet
- Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Laboratoire Analyse et Environnement pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, CNRS UMR 8587, Bâtiment Maupertuis, F-91025 Evry Cedex, France
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25
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Wang L, Wang F, Liu ZR. [Preparation and spectrum of multilayer films of polyoxometalate {(Eu(PW11)2)m/PEI}]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2008; 28:2130-2133. [PMID: 19093577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The layer-by-layer assembly (LBL) is a new method of thin film deposition often used for oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. LBL technique has been extensively used to make multilayer films of polyions with biomolecules such as proteins, enzymes and DNA. It can also be successfully applied to the preparation of thin films of nanoparticles. Ultrathin multilayer films containing a polyoxometalate (Eu(PW11)2)m and PEI were prepared using layer-by-layer assembly method in the present work. The stable multilayer films were assembled by alternate adsorption of negatively charged POM and positively charged polyelectrolytes from their aqueous dispersions. The growth of the multilayer films is regular. The proposed novel immobilized method exhibited good stability and the photoluminescent behavior of films at room temperature was investigated to show the Eu3+ characteristic emission pattern, which is important for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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26
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Yang W, Gao QK, Lu XL, Wu JX. [Study on the interactions of Eu(III) complex of O-(thioxanthone-[2]-yl)-oxyacetic acid with DNA]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2008; 28:366-369. [PMID: 18479024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of the Eu(III) complex of O-(thioxanthone-[2]-yl)-oxyacetic acid and calf thymus DNA was studied using fluorimetric, UV-Vis and CD(circular dichroism) methods. It was found that the ultraviolet absorption intensity of Eu(III) complex of O-(thioxanthone-[2]-yl)-oxyacetic acid decreased as the concentration of DNA increased under the physiological condition of pH 7.10, and the compound remarkably influenced the negative peak in CD spectra of DNA when Eu(III) complex of O-(thioxanthone-[2]-yl)-oxyacetic acid interacted with DNA. The emission intensity of the Eu(III) complex evidently increased in the presence of DNA. The emission intensity of the DNA-EB system decreased as the concentration of the complex increasesd. And the presence of EB also led to the decrease in the emission intensity of the DNA-complex system. These changes observed here are often characteristic of intercalation. The above results strongly suggest that the complex can bind to DNA mainly by intercalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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27
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Wänke H. Chemistry of the moon. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2007; 44:115-54. [PMID: 4617934 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-06457-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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28
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Kautenburger R, Beck HP. Complexation studies with lanthanides and humic acid analyzed by ultrafiltration and capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1159:75-80. [PMID: 17459403 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Revised: 03/02/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
For the long-term storage of radioactive waste, detailed information about geo-chemical behavior of radioactive and toxic metal ions under environmental conditions is necessary. Humic acid (HA) can play an important role in the immobilisation or mobilisation of metal ions due to complexation and colloid formation. Therefore, we investigate the complexation behavior of HA and its influence on the migration or retardation of selected lanthanides (europium and gadolinium as homologues of the actinides americium and curium). Two independent speciation techniques, ultrafiltration and capillary electrophoresis coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CE-ICP-MS) have been compared for the study of Eu and Gd interaction with (purified Aldrich) HA. The degree of complexation of Eu and Gd in 25 mg l(-1) Aldrich HA solutions was determined with a broad range of metal loading (Eu and Gd total concentration between 10(-6) and 10(-4) mol l(-1)), ionic strength of 10 mM (NaClO4) and different pH-values. From the CE-ICP-MS electropherograms, additional information on the charge of the Eu species was obtained by the use of 1-bromopropane as neutral marker. To detect HA in the ICP-MS and separate between HA complexed and non complexed metal ions in the CE-ICP-MS, we have halogenated the HA with iodine as ICP-MS marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Kautenburger
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Saarland University, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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29
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Komura K, Hoshi M, Endo S, Imanaka T, Egbert SD, Rühm W, Fukushima H, Fujita S. Atomic bomb induced 152Eu: reconciliation of discrepancy between measurements and calculation. Health Phys 2007; 92:366-77. [PMID: 17351501 DOI: 10.1097/01.hp.0000251246.58759.2f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to resolve the discrepancy between the measured and calculated 152Eu activity induced by the atomic bomb at Hiroshima, extremely low background gamma-ray spectrometry was performed for 17 granite samples collected from 134 m to more than 3 km from the hypocenter. Measurements agreed well with theoretical calculations based on DS02 up to 1.4 km from hypocenter.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Komura
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Wake, Tatsunokuchi-machi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan.
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30
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Bao JR, Zhao YL, Zhu XW. [Synthesis, characterization and fluorescence of Eu3+, Tb3+ complexes with 2-thiophencarboxylic acid and 2,2'-bipyridine]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2007; 27:539-42. [PMID: 17554917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Two binary complexes of Eu3+ and Tb3+ with 2-thiophene carboxylic acid and two ternary complexes of Eu3+ and Tb3+ with 2-thiophene carboxylic acid(L)-2, 2'-bipyridine were synthesized. By elemental analysis, rare earth coordination titration, and molar conductivities studies, the compositions of the complexes were suggested as REL3 x 2H2O and REL3L' x C2H5OH(RE=Eu, Tb, L = 2-thiophene carboxylic acid, L' = 2, 2'-bipyridine) respectively. The ligands and coordination compounds were studied by means of IR spectra, 1H NMR and fluorescence excitation and emission spectra. IR spectra and 1H NMR studies indicate that 2-thiophene carboxylic acid was bonded with RE(III) through oxygen atoms in the carboxyl group, and 2, 2'-bipyridine ligand was bonded to RE(III) through nitrogen atoms. The fluoresence spectra showed that the fluorescence emission intensity of ternary complexes was stronger than that of the binary complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-rong Bao
- The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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31
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Wang F, Huang W. Determination of curcumin by its quenching effect on the fluorescence of Eu3+–tryptophan complex. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:393-8. [PMID: 16904282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Revised: 06/23/2006] [Accepted: 07/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (C21H20O6, CU) is a natural antioxidant, which is considered to be a very useful compound in health matters, and is employed in the treatment of cardiovascular and arthritic illnesses. It is found that the fluorescence intensity of Eu3+-tryptophan (Trp) can be greatly quenched by curcumin in the buffer of pH 7.7. Under optimum conditions, the quenched intensity of fluorescence is in proportion to the concentration of curcumin in the range of 1.0x10(-8) to 1.2x10(-4) mol L(-1). The detection limit (S/N=3) is 9.0x10(-10) mol L(-1). The synthetic and actual samples are satisfactorily determined. In addition, the interaction mechanism is also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zaozhuang University, Shandong 277160, PR China.
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32
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Jayasree RS, Nayar VU, Jordanovska V. Vibrational spectra of mono, di and trimethyl ammonium double sulphates of rare earths Pr, Nd, Ho and Eu. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2006; 65:278-84. [PMID: 16495135 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2005.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2005] [Revised: 08/19/2005] [Accepted: 10/21/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Infrared and Raman spectra of four rare earth (Ho, Eu, Nd and Pr) double sulphates have been recorded and analysed based on the vibrations of methyl ammonium cations, sulphate anions and water molecules. Formation of hydrogen bonds of the type N-H...O and O-H...O are identified in all the compounds. Bifurcated hydrogen bonds are present in the compounds with dimethyl ammonium cations. The sulphate anions are distorted and occupy a lower site symmetry in the compounds. The bands obtained for (CH(3))(2)NH(2) and SO(4)(2-) ions indicate that the structural bonding of (CH(3))(2)NH(2)Eu(SO(4))(2).H(2)O and (CH(3))(2)NH(2)Ho(SO(4))(2).4H(2)O is identical. Electronic transition bands of Eu(3+) and Nd(3+) observed in the Raman spectra of these two compounds have been identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Jayasree
- Department of Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India.
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33
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Abstract
The 4pibeta-4pigamma coincidence counting and 4pi(beta+gamma) integral counting techniques were applied for the standardization of 152Eu and 154Eu. In these techniques, the beta-detector is composed of two thin plastic scintillators sandwiching the source coupled with a slender photomultiplier tube. This beta-detector was inserted into a large well-type NaI(Tl) scintillation detector for gamma-ray detection, making a 4pibeta-4pigamma detector configuration. The results obtained by the above two techniques were in good agreement and consistent with the results of international comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yamada
- Japan Radioisotope Association, 2-28-45, Hon-komagome, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8941, Japan.
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34
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Markai S, Andrès Y, Montavon G, Grambow B. Study of the interaction between europium (III) and Bacillus subtilis: fixation sites, biosorption modeling and reversibility. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 262:351-61. [PMID: 16256615 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9797(03)00096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2002] [Accepted: 01/16/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved in the biosorption of metal ions, potentiometric titrations, complexation studies, and time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) measurements were used to characterize the interaction between Eu(III) and Bacillus subtilis. The reversibility of the interaction between Eu(III) and Bacillus subtilis was studied by a cation-exchange technique using the Chelex resin. For complexation studies in the presence of 0.15 mol/l of NaCl, the metal ion, the biomass, concentrations and the pH were varied. The adsorption data were quantified by a surface complexation model without electrostatic term. The data on the Eu(III)/B.subtilis system at pH 5 were satisfactorily described by one site at which Eu(III) was bound through one carboxylic function of the bacteria. With increasing pH, another site should be considered, involving a phosphate-bound environment. This was partially confirmed by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. In addition to this, it was evidenced that the site availability was dependent on the nature of the cation, i.e., a proton or Eu(III). Finally, it was shown that, at pH 5, the Eu(III)/Bacillus subtilis equilibrium was reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Markai
- SUBATECH UMR 6457, Université de Nantes, Ecole des Mines, IN2P3/CNRS, Nantes, France
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35
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Bernal R, Cruz-Zaragoza E, Cruz-Vázquez C, Burruel-Ibarra SE, Rivera-Flores MJ, Barboza-Flores M. Thermoluminescence response of new KCl(X)Br(1-X):EuCl3 sintered phosphors exposed to beta and gamma radiation. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2006; 119:172-5. [PMID: 16702244 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nci576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Alkali halides crystals have been the subject of intense research for an understanding of their radiation-induced defects and luminescence properties. They exhibit noteworthy thermoluminescence (TL) properties when exposed to ionising radiation. Currently, these materials are grown employing expensive and rather complicated techniques. In this work, the results on the TL properties of new alkali halides phosphors fabricated by a simple and inexpensive procedure are presented. The samples were made by mixing KCl, KBr and EuCl3 salts, and compressing them at a pressure of 3.2 x 10(7) Pa during 3 min, followed by sintering at 700 degrees C during 24 h under air atmosphere. The dosimetric response of the samples showed an increase with radiation dose in the 1.5-20.0 Gy dose range for beta and gamma radiation. The TL glow curves in sintered samples presented significant differences in their peak structures compared with monocrystalline samples, indicating that the nature of the trapping states and the recombination mechanisms may be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bernal
- Centro de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Apdo. Postal 5-088, Hermosillo, Sonora 83190, México.
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Linnik VG, Brown JE, Dowdall M, Potapov VN, Nosov AV, Surkov VV, Sokolov AV, Wright SM, Borghuis S. Patterns and inventories of radioactive contamination of island sites of the Yenisey River, Russia. J Environ Radioact 2006; 87:188-208. [PMID: 16430999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2005] [Revised: 08/31/2005] [Accepted: 11/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of radioactive contamination at three island sites downstream from the Krasnoyarsk Mining and Chemical Combine (KMCC) was studied with the objectives of mapping contamination levels, interpreting radionuclide distributions through consideration of alluvial processes and determining radionuclide inventories. Contamination was measured using in situ gamma spectrometry and landforms characterised using topographic surveying methods. Maximum (137)Cs contamination densities (700 kBq m(-2)) were found on low- and middle-level floodplains and low-lying interconnecting areas of Beriozovy Island (16 km from the KMCC). On Mikhin Island (180 km from the KMCC) maximum total (60)Co, (152)Eu and (154)Eu activity concentrations (30-40 kBq m(-2)) occur in low-lying areas inundated during flooding. Maximum (137)Cs and total (60)Co, (152)Eu and (154)Eu contamination densities on Cheriomukhov Island (250 km from the KMCC) were 390 and 50 kBq m(-2), respectively. Estimated (137)Cs inventories were 145, 148 and 16GBq for Beriozovy, Mikhin and Cheriomukhov Islands, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Linnik
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Kosygin Street 19, 117975 Moscow, Russia
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37
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Hutchinson RW, Cox AG, McLeod CW, Marshall PS, Harper A, Dawson EL, Howlett DR. Imaging and spatial distribution of beta-amyloid peptide and metal ions in Alzheimer's plaques by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2005; 346:225-33. [PMID: 16214103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Revised: 08/15/2005] [Accepted: 08/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has been developed as a new strategy for detection and imaging of beta-amyloid protein in immunohistochemical sections from the brains of a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. The distribution of beta-amyloid deposits in tissue was based on measurement of Eu- and Ni-coupled antibodies. The laser-based methodologies (spot ablation, single line raster, and two-dimensional imaging) were also used to detect and map trace element distributions and thus provide a novel probe for both elemental and protein data. We also report the combination of laser capture microdissection with LA-ICP-MS as an alternative strategy for microanalysis of immunohistochemical sections.
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Shumilin E, Rodríguez-Figueroa G, Sapozhnikov D. Lanthanide contamination and strong positive europium anomalies in the surface sediments of the Santa Rosalía copper mining region, Baja California peninsula, Mexico. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2005; 75:308-15. [PMID: 16222503 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-005-0754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2005] [Accepted: 06/07/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Shumilin
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Post Office Box 592, La Paz, 23096, Baja California Sur, Mexico
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39
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Zhang JP, Zhang B, Guo QL, Wang WJ, Guo Z, Huai SF, Wei YH. [Determination of Eu in long-afterglow of the SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ phospher samples by LMESA]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2005; 25:1325-7. [PMID: 16329513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A method for the determination of Eu in Long-aferglow of the SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ phospher samples by laser microemission spectral analysis was developed. And the accuracy of this method was studied. Analyses of Eu in Long-aferglow of the SrA1204: Eu2+, Dy3+ phospher samples, using the Eu (11) line at 412.973 nm, show that RSD of relative intensity of spectral lines is 4.3%, RSD of quantitative analysis is 7.4%, the average of quantitative analysis is 2.13%. Compared with the content before samples synthesized, it can be concluded that the content of Eu in the SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ phospher samples synthesized by high temperature solid phase reaction has an obvious increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-ping Zhang
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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40
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Sekioka T, Hayashi K, Matsubara E, Takahashi Y, Hayashi T, Terasawa M, Mitamura T, Iwase A, Michikami O. Atomic imaging in EBCO superconductor films by an X-ray holography system using a toroidally bent graphite analyzer. J Synchrotron Radiat 2005; 12:530-3. [PMID: 15968134 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049505006497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2004] [Accepted: 03/02/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
X-ray fluorescence holography (XFH) is a new technique enabling the determination of the three-dimensional local atomic structure around a certain element. This method has been applied to analyze the local structure around Cu in 300 nm thin films of EuBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) (EBCO) epitaxially grown on MgO (100) substrate, using the newest system for XFH measurement and high-brilliance synchrotron radiation at SPring-8. Here, the results of a study on the irradiation effect on the local atomic structure of EBCO superconductor with XFH measurements are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuguhisa Sekioka
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2201, Japan.
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41
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Abstract
Novel cyclen-based phenylboronate ligands and their corresponding Eu(3+) complexes have been examined as glucose sensors using chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MR imaging for detection. Two isomeric bis-phenylboronate complexes, Eu(4) and Eu(10), and a mono-phenylboronate complex, Eu(12), had been prepared and characterized by UV and circular dichroism spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and CEST imaging. Both the free ligands and their Eu(3+) complexes bind to simple sugars, but their selectivity and binding affinities vary with sugar structure. Interestingly, the free ligands, 4 and 10, are selective for fructose over glucose, but this selectivity order switches in the respective Eu(3+) complexes. Of the complexes examined, Eu(4) shows the highest selectivity and binding affinity for glucose (2275 +/- 266 M(-)(1) at pH 10.2 and 339 +/- 29 M(-)(1) at pH 7). Glucose acts as a "capping"moiety in the Eu(4).glucose binary complex and modulates water exchange between a single Eu(3+)-bound water molecule and bulk water, an effect that can be detected by CEST imaging. Thus, Eu(4) represents a new class of metabolite-specific imaging agents that may allow mapping of metabolites by MRI of the bulk water signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Trokowski
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, P.O. Box 830688, Richardson, Texas 75083-0688, USA
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42
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Mahedero MC, Bohoyo D, Salinas F, Ardila T, Airado D, Roldán B. Improvements in europium sensitized fluorimetric determination of demeclocycline and methacycline. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 37:1101-4. [PMID: 15862691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2004] [Revised: 10/10/2004] [Accepted: 10/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Demeclocycline (DM) and methacycline (MT) have been determined by europium-sensitized fluorescence, using EDTA as co-ligand and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride as surfactant. The methods have been developed in slightly alkaline solutions, with the formation of a new chelate where the lanthanide ion is bound to the beta-diketone group. Calibration graphs between 0.01 and 0.1 microg mL(-1) have been obtained for DM and MT determination. Both methods have been applied to the determination of these tetracyclines in serum samples with satisfactory recovery results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Mahedero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
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43
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Plancque G, Maurice Y, Moulin V, Toulhoat P, Moulin C. On the use of spectroscopic techniques for interaction studies, part I: complexation between europium and small organic ligands. Appl Spectrosc 2005; 59:432-41. [PMID: 15901328 DOI: 10.1366/0003702053641540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In the framework of environmental studies, it is important to understand the interaction of humic substances with cations (heavy metals, radionuclides) and to determine their complexation constants in order to evaluate their potential impact on their fate. For this purpose, two techniques have been used: electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, a newly used technique in speciation studies, and time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectrometry, a well-known technique for such studies. As a first step, for simplification purposes and to compare both techniques, simple molecules having functional groups present in humic substances have been selected, such as acetic, glycolic, and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acids. Both techniques have been used to obtain stoichiometries and complexation constants between these simple molecules and europium (III).
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44
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Vimalnath KV, Das MK, Ananthakrishnan M, Ramamoorthy N. Facile access to 154Eu, a new reference source for calibration in gamma ray spectrometry. Appl Radiat Isot 2005; 62:17-23. [PMID: 15498680 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2003] [Accepted: 04/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Europium-154 can be obtained as a by-product from the large-scale production of Samarium-153 and possesses attractive features (t1/2 8.592 yr; Egamma 0.12-1.6 MeV) for use as a reference source similar to 152Eu (t1/2 13.516 yr; Egamma 0.12-1.4 MeV), which is the gold standard for calibration in gamma ray spectrometry. Thermal neutron irradiation of 5mg of 98% enriched 153Sm2O3 target in the reactor led to approximately 200 GBq 153Sm and 1.26 MBq 154Eu. A typical batch control sample of 153SmCl3 solution and final radiopharmaceutical product formulation of 153Sm-phosphonate (153Sm-EDTMP) pooled together contained about 20% of total yield, requiring post decay disposal of 153Sm as radioactive waste. Such spent solutions pooled on quarterly basis led to availing 756 kBq of 154Eu. The radioactivity content and radionuclide purity (approximately 82%) of the recovered 154Eu sample were envisaged as adequate to prepare reference sources for calibration of gamma ray spectrometers. At present, one batch of 153Sm is handled per month at our institution, with the possibility for weekly processing in future. Access to approximately 3.5 MBq of 154Eu on quarterly basis is envisaged, apart from obviating the need for instituting steps to tackle disposal of the long-lived 154Eu in the spent solution. Up to 60-120 units of 20-100 kBq of 154Eu reference sources per year could thus be available by the proposed strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Vimalnath
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Isotope Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai 400 085, India
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45
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Chung KH, Choi GS, Shin HS, Lee CW. Vertical distribution and characteristics of soil humic substances affecting radionuclide distribution. J Environ Radioact 2005; 79:369-379. [PMID: 15607522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2004] [Revised: 06/30/2004] [Accepted: 09/01/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The humic substances extracted from different soil depths are separated into humic (HA) and fulvic (FA) acids, and characterized for their chemical composition, proton exchange capacity, spectroscopic characteristics and binding properties to the europium ion. The chemical and spectroscopic results show that FA compared to HA has a relatively high O/C ratio, high acidic functional group contents and low aromatic contents. The synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic results show that the stability constant (K) of the soil humic substances with Eu(III) ion tends to increase as the soil depth becomes deeper, and HA has a slightly stronger binding ability than FA. The measured total site concentrations (C(L)) reveal that Eu(III) ion is loaded onto HA by 62-77% of the total acid sites, but FA is only approximately 50% covered by Eu(III) ion. Information could be useful in understanding the migration of radionuclides in soil layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ho Chung
- Nuclear Environment Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, P.O. Box 105, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-600, South Korea
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46
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Wu M, Lin Z, Dürkop A, Wolfbeis OS. Time-resolved enzymatic determination of glucose using a fluorescent europium probe for hydrogen peroxide. Anal Bioanal Chem 2004; 380:619-26. [PMID: 15480582 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-2785-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2004] [Revised: 07/19/2004] [Accepted: 07/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An enzymatic assay for glucose based on the use of the fluorescent probe for hydrogen peroxide, europium(III) tetracycline (EuTc), is described. The weakly fluorescent EuTc and enzymatically generated H2O2 form a strongly fluorescent complex (EuTc-H2O2) whose fluorescence decay profile is significantly different. Since the decay time of EuTc-H2O2 is in the microseconds time domain, fluorescence can be detected in the time-resolved mode, thus enabling substantial reduction of background fluorescence. The scheme represents the first H2O2-based time-resolved fluorescence assay for glucose not requiring the presence of a peroxidase. The time-resolved assay (with a delay time of 60 micros and using endpoint detection) enables glucose to be determined at levels as low as 2.2 micromol L(-1), with a dynamic range of 2.2-100 micromol L(-1). The method also was adapted to a kinetic assay in order to cover higher glucose levels (mmol L(-1) range). The latter was validated by analyzing spiked serum samples and gave a good linear relationship for glucose levels from 2.5 to 55.5 mmol L(-1). Noteworthy features of the assay include easy accessibility of the probe, large Stokes' shift, a line-like fluorescence peaking at 616 nm, stability towards oxygen, a working pH of approximately 7, and its suitability for both kinetic and endpoint determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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47
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Zhang S, Zhang C, Xing Z, Zhang X. Simultaneous Determination of α-Fetoprotein and Free β-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin by Element-Tagged Immunoassay with Detection by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Clin Chem 2004; 50:1214-21. [PMID: 15117856 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2003.029850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)-based immunoassay has been proposed independently by Baranov et al. (Anal Chem 2002;74:1629–36) and our group, but the applicability of this method for multianalyte analysis in clinical samples has not been fully illustrated. We developed a dual-label immunoassay method for the simultaneous determination of α-fetoprotein (AFP) and free β-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCGβ) in human serum.
Methods: Monoclonal antibodies immobilized on microtiter plates captured AFP and hCGβ, which were detected by use of Eu3+-labeled anti-AFP and Sm3+-labeled anti-hCGβ monoclonal antibodies. Eu3+ and Sm3+ were dissociated from the immunocomplex with HNO3 solution (10 mL/L) and delivered by peristaltic pump to the ICP mass spectrometer.
Results: The measurable ranges of AFP and hCGβ were 4.6–500 and 5.0–170 μg/L, respectively, with detection limits of 1.2 and 1.7 μg/L (3 SD above mean of zero calibrator), respectively. The intraassay imprecision (CV) for AFP was 8.3%, 4.0%, and 2.7% at 16.3, 86, and 354 μg/L, respectively, and the interassay CV was 10%, 5.7%, and 3.5%. For hCGβ, the intraassay CV was 5.4%, 6.4%, and 3.1%, respectively, at 10.5, 45.2, and 105 μg/L, and the interassay CV was 7.2%, 8.0%, and 3.7%. Comparison with IRMAs for AFP and hCGβ yielded correlation coefficients (r2) of 0.97 and 0.95.
Conclusions: Two proteins can be measured simultaneously by immunoassays using two rare earth elemental tags (Eu3+ and Sm3+) and ICP-MS detection. The multielement capability and the multiple potential elemental labels make ICP-MS attractive for multianalyte immunoassays. Implementation of ICP-MS-linked immunoassays may be relatively straightforward because the labeling and immunoreaction procedures have been well developed for clinical time-resolved immunofluorometric assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Atomic and Molecular Nanosciences of Education Ministry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Merk S, Lietz A, Kroner M, Valler M, Heilker R. Time-resolved fluorescence measurements using microlens array and area imaging devices. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2004; 7:45-54. [PMID: 14965260 DOI: 10.2174/138620704772884814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) assay formats are frequently used technologies in high-throughput screening. In this article, we have characterised the novel Plate::Vision(2) 96-microlens array reader (Carl Zeiss Jena GmbH, Germany) and compared it to the novel LEADseeker Generation IV multimodality imaging system (LEADseeker Gen IV; Amersham Biosciences UK Ltd., UK) for applications in the TRF mode. In europium measurements using the TRF mode, the Plate::Vision displayed a limit of detection for europium of approximately 3 pM, which was comparable to two established TRF readers, the Discovery and the Victor V (both PerkinElmer Life Sciences Inc., USA). The LEADseeker's limit of detection only extended down to europium concentrations of approximately 10 pM in these experiments. For TRF resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) experiments, a europium-biotin (Eu-biotin) conjugate was titrated with a streptavidin-allophycocyanin (SA-APC) conjugate. The Plate::Vision produced Z' values larger than 0.5 for the acceptor fluorophor emission with concentrations of Eu-biotin as low as 3 nM combined with 175 pM SA-APC. To achieve Z' values of at least 0.5 with the LEADseeker, concentrations of 10 nM Eu-biotin combined with SA-APC of at least 0.8 nM were required. In a drug screening application using TR-FRET, the energy transfer from a europium-labelled protein X (Eu-protein X) to a complex of biotinylated peptide Y with SA-APC was measured. Using the Plate::Vision, a Z' factor larger than 0.5 for the acceptor fluorophor emission was only obtained for a Eu-protein X concentration of at least 10 nM in combination with biotinylated peptide Y/SA-APC at saturating concentrations. Both the Plate::Vision and the LEADseeker show good quality results for applications in the TRF mode and enable an increased throughput based on their shortened measurement time in comparison to classic photomultiplier tube-based readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Merk
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Department of Integrated Lead Discovery, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, D-88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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Castro RM, Vanin VR, Helene O, Pascholati PR, Maidana NL, Dias MS, Koskinas MF. The interplay between the statistical correlations of gamma-ray emission probabilities and efficiency calibration. Appl Radiat Isot 2004; 60:185-90. [PMID: 14987640 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2003.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The procedure to determine the statistical correlations between gamma-ray intensities is described here, as well as that required to take these correlations into account. The advantages of using branching-ratios and feeding fractions instead of gamma-ray intensities in the gamma-ray standards are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruy M Castro
- Laboratorio do Acelerador Linear, Instituto de Fisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, travessa R, 187, 05404-900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
A joint project has been established between VNIIM (D.I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology) and LNHB (Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel) to determine as accurately as possible the X- and gamma-ray emission probabilities of 154Eu. Point sources were prepared by VNIIM, and absolute measurements of activity per unit mass were undertaken by both laboratories using coincidence, anti-coincidence and 4pi-gamma counting methods. Other point sources and one aliquot were also prepared for precise gamma-ray spectrometry measurements. Absolute photon emission probabilities were determined with a maximum uncertainty of 0.5% for the most intense lines, supporting the development of this nuclide as a multigamma standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Terechtchenko
- D.I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology (VNIIM), 19 Moskovsky Prospect, St. Petersburg 198005, Russia.
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