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Saraf TS, Chen Y, Tyagi R, Canal CE. Altered brain serotonin 5-HT 1A receptor expression and function in juvenile Fmr1 knockout mice. Neuropharmacology 2024; 245:109774. [PMID: 37923121 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
There are no approved pharmacotherapies for fragile X syndrome (FXS), a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a mutation in the FMR1 promoter region that leads to various symptoms, including intellectual disability and auditory hypersensitivity. The gene that encodes inhibitory serotonin 1A receptors (5-HT1ARs) is differentially expressed in embryonic brain tissue from individuals with FXS, and 5-HT1ARs are highly expressed in neural systems that are disordered in FXS, providing a rationale to focus on 5-HT1ARs as targets to treat symptoms of FXS. We examined agonist-labeled 5-HT1AR densities in male and female Fmr1 knockout mice and found no differences in whole-brain 5-HT1AR expression in adult control compared to Fmr1 knockout mice. However, juvenile Fmr1 knockout mice had lower whole-brain 5-HT1AR expression than age-matched controls. Consistent with these results, juvenile Fmr1 knockout mice showed reduced behavioral responses elicited by the 5-HT1AR agonist (R)-8-OH-DPAT, effects blocked by the selective 5-HT1AR antagonist, WAY-100635. Also, treatment with the selective 5-HT1AR agonist, NLX-112, dose-dependently prevented audiogenic seizures (AGS) in juvenile Fmr1 knockout mice, an effect reversed by WAY-100635. Suggestive of a potential role for 5-HT1ARs in regulating AGS, compared to males, female Fmr1 knockout mice had a lower prevalence of AGS and higher expression of antagonist-labeled 5-HT1ARs in the inferior colliculus and auditory cortex. These results provide preclinical support that 5-HT1AR agonists may be therapeutic for young individuals with FXS hypersensitive to auditory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanishka S Saraf
- Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Yiming Chen
- Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Richa Tyagi
- Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Clinton E Canal
- Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
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Tamaoki Y, Pasapula V, Chandler C, Borland MS, Olajubutu OI, Tharakan LS, Engineer CT. Degraded inferior colliculus responses to complex sounds in prenatally exposed VPA rats. J Neurodev Disord 2024; 16:2. [PMID: 38166599 PMCID: PMC10759431 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-023-09514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often exhibit altered sensory processing and deficits in language development. Prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) increases the risk for ASD and impairs both receptive and expressive language. Like individuals with ASD, rodents prenatally exposed to VPA exhibit degraded auditory cortical processing and abnormal neural activity to sounds. Disrupted neuronal morphology has been documented in earlier processing areas of the auditory pathway in VPA-exposed rodents, but there are no studies documenting early auditory pathway physiology. Therefore, the objective of this study is to characterize inferior colliculus (IC) responses to different sounds in rats prenatally exposed to VPA compared to saline-exposed rats. METHODS In vivo extracellular multiunit recordings from the inferior colliculus were collected in response to tones, speech sounds, and noise burst trains. RESULTS Our results indicate that the overall response to speech sounds was degraded in VPA-exposed rats compared to saline-exposed controls, but responses to tones and noise burst trains were unaltered. CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with observations in individuals with autism that neural responses to complex sounds, like speech, are often altered, and lays the foundation for future studies of potential therapeutics to improve auditory processing in the VPA rat model of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tamaoki
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
| | - Varun Pasapula
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Collin Chandler
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Michael S Borland
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Olayinka I Olajubutu
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Liza S Tharakan
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Crystal T Engineer
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
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Ghenaatgar-Kasbi M, Rezaei M, Moharreri P, Heidarian Miri H, Sazegar G, Haghir H. The effect of maternal diabetes on the expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid and metabotropic glutamate receptors in male newborn rats' inferior colliculi. J Perinat Med 2023; 51:940-949. [PMID: 37139647 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2022-0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Few studies have examined the molecular alterations in the auditory pathway of infants of diabetic mothers, notwithstanding the fact that maternal diabetes may have an impact on the development of the neonatal peripheral and central nervous systems. Male newborn rats were studied to determine how maternal diabetes affected the expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAAα1 and GABAB1) and metabotropic glutamate (mGlu2) receptors in the inferior colliculus (IC) in this research. METHODS Female rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at a 65 mg/kg dose to develop a model of diabetic mothers. The study population was split into sham, diabetes without treatment, and diabetes with insulin groups. Their male neonatal rats were anesthetized on P0, P7, and P14 after mating and delivery. The receptors' distribution pattern was studied using immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS Pairwise comparison in the groups revealed that the GABA receptors (Aα1 and B1) were significantly downregulated in the diabetes without treatment group (p<0.001). Furthermore, pairwise comparison in the groups indicated significant mGlu2 upregulation in the diabetes without treatment group (p<0.001). Regarding the concentration of all receptors, there was no discernible distinction between the diabetes with insulin and sham groups. CONCLUSIONS This investigation showed that the concentration of GABAAα1 and GABAB1 receptors decreased significantly over time, whereas the concentration of mGlu2 receptors increased significantly over time in male neonatal rats born to streptozotocin-induced diabetic mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghenaatgar-Kasbi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rezaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Payam Moharreri
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Heidarian Miri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghasem Sazegar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Haghir
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetic Research Center (MGRC), School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Akinfiresoye LR, Newton J, Suman S, Datta K, N'Gouemo P. Targeted Inhibition of Upregulated Sodium-Calcium Exchanger in Rat Inferior Colliculus Suppresses Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:292-302. [PMID: 36264435 PMCID: PMC10577795 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The inferior colliculus (IC) is critical in initiating acoustically evoked alcohol withdrawal-induced seizures (AWSs). Recently, we reported that systemic inhibition of Ca2+ entry via the reverse mode activity of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCXrev) suppressed AWSs, suggesting remodeling of NCX expression and function, at least in the IC, the site of AWS initiation. Here, we probe putative changes in protein expression in the IC of NCX isoforms, including NCX type 1 (NCX1), 2 (NCX2), and 3 (NCX3). We also evaluated the efficacy of targeted inhibition of NCX1rev and NCX3rev activity in the IC on the occurrence and severity of AWSs using SN-6 and KB-R943, respectively. We used our well-characterized alcohol intoxication/withdrawal model associated with enhanced AWS susceptibility. IC tissues from the alcohol-treated group were collected 3 h (before the onset of AWS susceptibility), 24 h (when AWS susceptibility is maximal), and 48 h (when AWS susceptibility is resolved) following alcohol withdrawal; in comparison, IC tissues from the control-treated group were collected at 24 h after the last gavage. Analysis shows that NCX1 protein levels were markedly higher 3 and 24 h following alcohol withdrawal. However, NCX3 protein levels were only higher 3 h following alcohol withdrawal. The analysis also reveals that bilateral microinjections of SN-6 (but not KB-R7943) within the IC markedly suppressed the occurrence and severity of AWSs. Together, these findings indicate that NCX1 is a novel molecular target that may play an essential role in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of AWSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luli R Akinfiresoye
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Suite 2420, 520 W Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
- Diversion Control Division, Drug Enforcement Administration, United States Department of Justice, Springfield, VA, USA
| | - Jamila Newton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Suite 2420, 520 W Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
- California State University, Stanislaus, Turlock, CA, USA
| | - Shubhankar Suman
- Oncology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center (LCCC), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kamal Datta
- Oncology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center (LCCC), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Prosper N'Gouemo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Suite 2420, 520 W Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA.
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Mafi AM, Tokar N, Russ MG, Barat O, Mellott JG. Age-related ultrastructural changes in the lateral cortex of the inferior colliculus. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 120:43-59. [PMID: 36116395 PMCID: PMC10276896 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Temporal precision, a key component of sound and speech processing in the inferior colliculus (IC), depends on a balance of inhibition and excitation, and this balance degrades during aging. The cause of disrupted excitatory-inhibitory balance in aging is unknown, however changes at the synapse are a likely candidate. We sought to determine whether synaptic changes occur in the lateral cortex of the IC (IClc), a multimodal nucleus that processes lemniscal, intrinsic, somatosensory, and descending auditory input. Using electron microscopic techniques across young, middle age and old Fisher Brown Norway rats, our results demonstrate minimal loss of synapses in middle age, but significant (∼28%) loss during old age. However, in middle age, targeting of GABAergic dendrites by GABAergic synapses is increased and the active zones of excitatory synapses (that predominantly target GABA-negative dendrites) are lengthened. These synaptic changes likely result in a net increase of excitation in the IClc during middle age. Thus, disruption of excitatory-inhibitory balance in the aging IClc may be due to synaptic changes that begin in middle age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Mafi
- The Ohio State College of Medicine, The Ohio State, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nick Tokar
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Matthew G Russ
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Oren Barat
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Mellott
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.
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Weakley JM, Kavusak EK, Carroll JB, Gabriele ML. Segregation of Multimodal Inputs Into Discrete Midbrain Compartments During an Early Critical Period. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:882485. [PMID: 35463204 PMCID: PMC9021614 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.882485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The lateral cortex of the inferior colliculus (LCIC) is a multimodal subdivision of the midbrain inferior colliculus (IC) that plays a key role in sensory integration. The LCIC is compartmentally-organized, exhibiting a series of discontinuous patches or modules surrounded by an extramodular matrix. In adult mice, somatosensory afferents target LCIC modular zones, while auditory afferents terminate throughout the encompassing matrix. Recently, we defined an early LCIC critical period (birth: postnatal day 0 to P12) based upon the concurrent emergence of its neurochemical compartments (modules: glutamic acid decarboxylase, GAD+; matrix: calretinin, CR+), matching Eph-ephrin guidance patterns, and specificity of auditory inputs for its matrix. Currently lacking are analogous experiments that address somatosensory afferent shaping and the construction of discrete LCIC multisensory maps. Combining living slice tract-tracing and immunocytochemical approaches in a developmental series of GAD67-GFP knock-in mice, the present study characterizes: (1) the targeting of somatosensory terminals for emerging LCIC modular fields; and (2) the relative separation of somatosensory and auditory inputs over the course of its established critical period. Results indicate a similar time course and progression of LCIC projection shaping for both somatosensory (corticocollicular) and auditory (intracollicular) inputs. While somewhat sparse and intermingling at birth, modality-specific projection patterns soon emerge (P4–P8), coincident with peak guidance expression and the appearance of LCIC compartments. By P12, an adult-like arrangement is in place, with fully segregated multimodal afferent arrays. Quantitative measures confirm increasingly distinct input maps, exhibiting less projection overlap with age. Potential mechanisms whereby multisensory LCIC afferent systems recognize and interface with its emerging modular-matrix framework are discussed.
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Chammas A, Namer IJ, Lersy F, Kremer S, Bund C. Inferior Colliculus's Hypermetabolism: A New Finding on Brain FDG PET and Perfusion MRI in a Patient With COVID-19. Clin Nucl Med 2021; 46:413-414. [PMID: 33675593 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We present the case of a 64-year-old man presenting an episode of confusion during SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection with a positive oropharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction test. He was hospitalized for dyspnea related to pneumonia demonstrated on chest CT. FDG PET performed after the confusion phase, but still in the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019)-positive phase, showed high glucose metabolism of the inferior colliculi. Morphological MRI was normal. The first-pass perfusion MRI shows hyperperfusion of the inferior colliculi, corresponding to FDG PET hypermetabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Chammas
- From the Service de Radiologie, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg
| | | | - François Lersy
- From the Service de Radiologie, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg
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Abstract
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) can damage dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in many mammals with biochemical and cellular changes that are relatively similar to those observed in Parkinson's disease. Our study examined whether MPTP-treated echolocation bats can cause changes in bat echolocation system. By considering ultrasound spectrums, auditory brainstem-evoked potentials and flight trajectories of normal bats, we observed that the vocal, auditory, orientation and movement functions of MPTP-treated bats were significantly impaired, and they exhibited various symptoms resembling those in patients with Parkinson's disease. Our immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses further indicated that expression of vocal-related FOXP2 in the superior colliculus, auditory-related otoferlin in the inferior colliculus, dopamine synthesis-related aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase in the substantia nigra and dopamine receptor in the striatum was significantly decreased. Furthermore, protein expression related to inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in the substantia nigra was significantly increased in MPTP-treated bats. These results indicate that inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis may be instrumental in dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra. The vocal, auditory and orientation and movement dysfunctions of MPTP-treated bats are relatively consistent with symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
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MESH Headings
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases/drug effects
- Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases/metabolism
- Chiroptera
- Dopaminergic Neurons/drug effects
- Dopaminergic Neurons/metabolism
- Dopaminergic Neurons/pathology
- Echolocation/drug effects
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/drug effects
- Flight, Animal/drug effects
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/drug effects
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Inferior Colliculi/drug effects
- Inferior Colliculi/metabolism
- Inflammation
- Membrane Proteins/drug effects
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Movement/drug effects
- Orientation, Spatial/drug effects
- Oxidative Stress
- Parkinson Disease
- Parkinsonian Disorders/metabolism
- Parkinsonian Disorders/pathology
- Parkinsonian Disorders/physiopathology
- Receptors, Dopamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism
- Substantia Nigra/drug effects
- Substantia Nigra/metabolism
- Substantia Nigra/pathology
- Superior Colliculi/drug effects
- Superior Colliculi/metabolism
- Vocalization, Animal/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Jhen Wu
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tang ZQ, Lu YG, Huang YN, Chen L. Cross-talk pattern between GABA A- and glycine-receptors in CNS neurons is shaped by their relative expression levels. Brain Res 2020; 1748:147071. [PMID: 32827550 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
GABAA receptors (GABAARs) and glycine receptors (GlyRs) are two principal inhibitory chloride ion channels in the central nervous system. The two receptors do not function independently but cross-talk to each other, i.e., the activation of one receptor would inhibit the other. This cross-talk is present in different patterns across various regions in the central nervous system; however, the factor that determines these patterns is not understood. Here, we show that the pattern of cross-talk between the two receptors is shaped by their relative expression level in a neuron: a higher expression level correlates with louder talk. In line with a tendency of decrease in expression level of GlyRs and increase in expression level of GABAARs from the spinal cord, the brainstem to the neocortex, GlyRs talked much louder (i.e. produced greater inhibition) than GABAARs (one-way pattern) in spinal cord neurons, about equally loud as GABAARs (symmetric pattern) in inferior colliculus neurons and less loud (i.e. less inhibition) than GABAARs (asymmetric pattern) in auditory cortex neurons. Overexpression of GlyRs in inferior colliculus neurons produced an asymmetric pattern that should otherwise have been observed in spinal cord neurons. These expression level-dependent patterns of cross-talk between the two receptors may suggest how the central nervous system uses an alternative mechanism to maintain a delicate level of inhibition through adjusting the proportion of the two receptors in a neuron along its pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Quan Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Yun-Gang Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Auditory Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yi-Na Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Auditory Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Lin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Auditory Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
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Noftz WA, Beebe NL, Mellott JG, Schofield BR. Cholinergic Projections From the Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus Contact Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons in the Inferior Colliculus. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 14:43. [PMID: 32765226 PMCID: PMC7378781 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The inferior colliculus processes nearly all ascending auditory information. Most collicular cells respond to sound, and for a majority of these cells, the responses can be modulated by acetylcholine (ACh). The cholinergic effects are varied and, for the most part, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The major source of cholinergic input to the inferior colliculus is the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT), part of the pontomesencephalic tegmentum known for projections to the thalamus and roles in arousal and the sleep-wake cycle. Characterization of PPT inputs to the inferior colliculus has been complicated by the mixed neurotransmitter population within the PPT. Using selective viral-tract tracing techniques in a ChAT-Cre Long Evans rat, the present study characterizes the distribution and targets of cholinergic projections from PPT to the inferior colliculus. Following the deposit of viral vector in one PPT, cholinergic axons studded with boutons were present bilaterally in the inferior colliculus, with the greater density of axons and boutons ipsilateral to the injection site. On both sides, cholinergic axons were present throughout the inferior colliculus, distributing boutons to the central nucleus, lateral cortex, and dorsal cortex. In each inferior colliculus (IC) subdivision, the cholinergic PPT axons appear to contact both GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons. These findings suggest cholinergic projections from the PPT have a widespread influence over the IC, likely affecting many aspects of midbrain auditory processing. Moreover, the effects are likely to be mediated by direct cholinergic actions on both excitatory and inhibitory circuits in the inferior colliculus.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Noftz
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Hearing Research Group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Nichole L. Beebe
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Hearing Research Group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Jeffrey G. Mellott
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Hearing Research Group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Brett R. Schofield
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Hearing Research Group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
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Lamb-Echegaray ID, Noftz WA, Stinson JPC, Gabriele ML. Shaping of discrete auditory inputs to extramodular zones of the lateral cortex of the inferior colliculus. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:3353-3371. [PMID: 31729553 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01979-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The multimodal lateral cortex of the inferior colliculus (LCIC) exhibits a modular-extramodular micro-organization that is evident early in development. In addition to a set of neurochemical markers that reliably highlight its modular-extramodular organization (e.g. modules: GAD67-positive, extramodular zones: calretinin-positive, CR), mature projection patterns suggest that major LCIC afferents recognize and adhere to such a framework. In adult mice, distinct afferent projections appear segregated, with somatosensory inputs targeting LCIC modules and auditory inputs surrounding extramodular fields. Currently lacking is an understanding regarding the development and shaping of multimodal LCIC afferents with respect to its emerging modular-extramodular microarchitecture. Combining living slice tract-tracing and immunocytochemical approaches in GAD67-GFP knock-in mice, the present study characterizes the critical period of projection shaping for LCIC auditory afferents arising from its neighboring central nucleus (CNIC). Both crossed and uncrossed projection patterns exhibit LCIC extramodular mapping characteristics that emerge from initially diffuse distributions. Projection mismatch with GAD-defined modules and alignment with encompassing extramodular zones becomes increasingly clear over the early postnatal period (birth to postnatal day 12). CNIC inputs terminate almost exclusively in extramodular zones that express CR. These findings suggest multimodal LCIC inputs may initially be sparse and intermingle, prior to segregation into distinct processing streams. Future experiments are needed to determine the likely complex interactions and mechanisms (e.g. activity-dependent and independent) responsible for shaping early modality-specific LCIC circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel D Lamb-Echegaray
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, MSC 7801, 951 Carrier Drive, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA
| | - William A Noftz
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, MSC 7801, 951 Carrier Drive, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Jeremiah P C Stinson
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, MSC 7801, 951 Carrier Drive, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA
| | - Mark L Gabriele
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, MSC 7801, 951 Carrier Drive, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA.
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Fontana JM, Tserga E, Sarlus H, Canlon B, Cederroth C. Impact of noise exposure on the circadian clock in the auditory system. J Acoust Soc Am 2019; 146:3960. [PMID: 31795664 PMCID: PMC7341678 DOI: 10.1121/1.5132290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms control the timing of all bodily functions, and misalignment in the rhythms can cause various diseases. Moreover, circadian rhythms are highly conserved and are regulated by a transcriptional-translational feedback loop of circadian genes that has a periodicity of approximately 24 h. The cochlea and the inferior colliculus (IC) have been shown to possess an autonomous and self-sustained circadian system as demonstrated by recording, in real time, the bioluminescence from PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE (PER2::LUC) mice. The cochlea and IC both express the core clock genes, Per1, Per2, Bmal1, and Rev-Erbα, where RNA abundance is rhythmically distributed with a 24 h cycle. Noise exposure alters clock gene expression in the cochlea and the IC after noise stimulation, although in different ways. These findings highlight the importance of circadian responses in the cochlea and the IC and emphasize the importance of circadian mechanisms for understanding the differences in central and peripheral auditory function and the subsequent molecular changes that occur after daytime (inactive phase) or nighttime (active phase) noise trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo M Fontana
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Biomedicum, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evangelia Tserga
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Biomedicum, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heela Sarlus
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Biomedicum, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Canlon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Biomedicum, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Cederroth
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Biomedicum, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
A fundamental task of sensory systems is to extract relevant social information from a range of environmental stimuli in the face of changing behavioral contexts and reproductive states. Neuromodulatory pathways that interact with such contextual variables are 1 mechanism for achieving this. In the mouse inferior colliculus (IC), a midbrain auditory region, the neuromodulator serotonin increases in females interacting with courting males, but events downstream of serotonin release have not been investigated. Here, we manipulated serotonin levels in female mice with the serotonin releaser fenfluramine or the serotonin depleter para-chlorophenylalaninemethyl ester (pCPA). Females were then exposed to an empty cage, a male partner, or a playback of courtship vocalizations, and the numbers of neurons in the IC with positive immunoreactivity for the immediate early gene product c-Fos were measured. The effects of drug treatments depended on social context and estrous state. Fenfluramine had greater effects in the nonsocial than in the partner social treatments. Females in proestrus or estrus and given fenfluramine had higher densities of c-Fos immunoreactive neurons, while females in diestrus had fewer immunoreactive neurons. The drug pCPA had the expected opposite effect of fenfluramine, causing a decreased response in pro/estrus females and an increased response in diestrus females. These findings show that the effects of serotonin on c-Fos activity in the IC of females is dependent on both external context and reproductive state, and suggest that these effects occur downstream of serotonin release. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Park JS, Cederroth CR, Basinou V, Meltser I, Lundkvist G, Canlon B. Identification of a Circadian Clock in the Inferior Colliculus and Its Dysregulation by Noise Exposure. J Neurosci 2016; 36:5509-19. [PMID: 27194331 PMCID: PMC4871986 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3616-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Circadian rhythms regulate bodily functions within 24 h and long-term disruptions in these rhythms can cause various diseases. Recently, the peripheral auditory organ, the cochlea, has been shown to contain a self-sustained circadian clock that regulates differential sensitivity to noise exposure throughout the day. Animals exposed to noise during the night are more vulnerable than when exposed during the day. However, whether other structures throughout the auditory pathway also possess a circadian clock remains unknown. Here, we focus on the inferior colliculus (IC), which plays an important role in noise-induced pathologies such as tinnitus, hyperacusis, and audiogenic seizures. Using PER2::LUC transgenic mice and real-time bioluminescence recordings, we revealed circadian oscillations of Period 2 protein in IC explants for up to 1 week. Clock genes (Cry1, Bmal1, Per1, Per2, Rev-erbα, and Dbp) displayed circadian molecular oscillations in the IC. Averaged expression levels of early-induced genes and clock genes during 24 h revealed differential responses to day or night noise exposure. Rev-erbα and Dbp genes were affected only by day noise exposure, whereas Per1 and Per2 were affected only by night noise exposure. However, the expression of Bdnf was affected by both day and night noise exposure, suggesting that plastic changes are unlikely to be involved in the differences in day or night noise sensitivity in the IC. These novel findings highlight the importance of circadian responses in the IC and emphasize the importance of circadian mechanisms for understanding central auditory function and disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Recent findings identified the presence of a circadian clock in the inner ear. Here, we present novel findings that neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC), a central auditory relay structure involved in sound processing, express a circadian clock as evidenced at both the mRNA and protein levels. Using a reporter mouse that expresses a luciferase protein coupled to the core clock protein PERIOD2 (PER2::LUC), we could observe spontaneous circadian oscillations in culture. Furthermore, we reveal that the mRNA profile of clock-related genes in the IC is altered differentially by day or night noise exposure. The identification of a clock in the IC is relevant for understanding the mechanisms underlying dysfunctions of the IC such as tinnitus, hyperacusis, or audiogenic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Sub Park
- Laboratory of Experimental Audiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | | | - Vasiliki Basinou
- Laboratory of Experimental Audiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and
| | - Inna Meltser
- Laboratory of Experimental Audiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and
| | - Gabriella Lundkvist
- Laboratory of Experimental Audiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden, and
| | - Barbara Canlon
- Laboratory of Experimental Audiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and
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15
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Keesom SM, Hurley LM. Socially induced serotonergic fluctuations in the male auditory midbrain correlate with female behavior during courtship. J Neurophysiol 2016; 115:1786-96. [PMID: 26792882 PMCID: PMC4869479 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00742.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cues from social partners trigger the activation of socially responsive neuromodulatory systems, priming brain regions including sensory systems to process these cues appropriately. The fidelity with which neuromodulators reflect the qualities of ongoing social interactions in sensory regions is unclear. We addressed this issue by using voltammetry to monitor serotonergic fluctuations in an auditory midbrain nucleus, the inferior colliculus (IC), of male mice (Mus musculus) paired with females, and by concurrently measuring behaviors of both social partners. Serotonergic activity strongly increased in male mice as they courted females, relative to serotonergic activity in the same males during trials with no social partners. Across individual males, average changes in serotonergic activity were negatively correlated with behaviors exhibited by female partners, including broadband squeaks, which relate to rejection of males. In contrast, serotonergic activity did not correlate with male behaviors, including ultrasonic vocalizations. These findings suggest that during courtship, the level of serotonergic activity in the IC of males reflects the valence of the social interaction from the perspective of the male (i.e., whether the female rejects the male or not). As a result, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that neuromodulatory effects on neural responses in the IC may reflect the reception, rather than the production, of vocal signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Keesom
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; and
| | - Laura M Hurley
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; and Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
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Wallace MM, Harris JA, Brubaker DQ, Klotz CA, Gabriele ML. Graded and discontinuous EphA-ephrinB expression patterns in the developing auditory brainstem. Hear Res 2016; 335:64-75. [PMID: 26906676 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Eph-ephrin interactions guide topographic mapping and pattern formation in a variety of systems. In contrast to other sensory pathways, their precise role in the assembly of central auditory circuits remains poorly understood. The auditory midbrain, or inferior colliculus (IC) is an intriguing structure for exploring guidance of patterned projections as adjacent subdivisions exhibit distinct organizational features. The central nucleus of the IC (CNIC) and deep aspects of its neighboring lateral cortex (LCIC, Layer 3) are tonotopically-organized and receive layered inputs from primarily downstream auditory sources. While less is known about more superficial aspects of the LCIC, its inputs are multimodal, lack a clear tonotopic order, and appear discontinuous, terminating in modular, patch/matrix-like distributions. Here we utilize X-Gal staining approaches in lacZ mutant mice (ephrin-B2, -B3, and EphA4) to reveal EphA-ephrinB expression patterns in the nascent IC during the period of projection shaping that precedes hearing onset. We also report early postnatal protein expression in the cochlear nuclei, the superior olivary complex, the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus, and relevant midline structures. Continuous ephrin-B2 and EphA4 expression gradients exist along frequency axes of the CNIC and LCIC Layer 3. In contrast, more superficial LCIC localization is not graded, but confined to a series of discrete ephrin-B2 and EphA4-positive Layer 2 modules. While heavily expressed in the midline, much of the auditory brainstem is devoid of ephrin-B3, including the CNIC, LCIC Layer 2 modular fields, the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL), as well as much of the superior olivary complex and cochlear nuclei. Ephrin-B3 LCIC expression appears complementary to that of ephrin-B2 and EphA4, with protein most concentrated in presumptive extramodular zones. Described tonotopic gradients and seemingly complementary modular/extramodular patterns suggest Eph-ephrin guidance in establishing juxtaposed continuous and discrete neural maps in the developing IC prior to experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Wallace
- James Madison University, Department of Biology, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - J Aaron Harris
- James Madison University, Department of Biology, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Donald Q Brubaker
- James Madison University, Department of Biology, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Caitlyn A Klotz
- James Madison University, Department of Biology, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Mark L Gabriele
- James Madison University, Department of Biology, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA.
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17
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Zhang F, Shen L, Liang GQ, Sun X. [The expression of Calbindin and Parvalbumin in auditory pathway of kit gene mutated C57BL/6J mouse]. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi 2016; 32:22-25. [PMID: 27255035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the expressions of Calbindin(CB) and Parvalbumin (PV), the two calcium-binding protein, in auditory pathway in mice of wild type C57BL/6J and kit⁺/kitW⁻ ²Bao, a kit gene mutant. METHODS Six mutated kit gene kit⁺/kitW⁻ ²Bao mice and 6 wild type C57BL/6J (B6) mice were anaesthetized i. p. with chloral hydrate. After the mice were fixed by heart perfusion, the brains were removed and coronal sections were cut with a freezing microtome. RESULTS We found that wild type mice had significant expressions of PV on ventral cochlear nucleus, anterior part (AVCN), ventral cochlear nucleus, posterior part (PVCN), inferior colliculus (IC) and auditory cortex (AC). CB was expressed in wild type mice on PVCN and nucleus of the trapezoid body (Tz). The mutant of kit gene induced the less expression of PV on PVCN, IC and AC (P < 0.01), but increased the expression of Tz (P < 0.01). CB could not be observed on PVCN in mutant mice, and the expression of AC was increased( P < 0.01). CONCLUSION CB and PV has differential expression level in auditory pathway. Since mutated kit gene can affect expression of PV on PVCN, IC, Tz and AC, as well as CB on PVCN and AC, it suggests that the mutation of kit gene can affect the advanced function of central nervous system in auditory pathway.
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18
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Willaredt MA, Schlüter T, Nothwang HG. The gene regulatory networks underlying formation of the auditory hindbrain. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:519-535. [PMID: 25332098 PMCID: PMC11113740 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Development and evolution of auditory hindbrain nuclei are two major unsolved issues in hearing research. Recent characterization of transgenic mice identified the rhombomeric origins of mammalian auditory nuclei and unraveled genes involved in their formation. Here, we provide an overview on these data by assembling them into rhombomere-specific gene regulatory networks (GRNs), as they underlie developmental and evolutionary processes. To explore evolutionary mechanisms, we compare the GRNs operating in the mammalian auditory hindbrain with data available from the inner ear and other vertebrate groups. Finally, we propose that the availability of genomic sequences from all major vertebrate taxa and novel genetic techniques for non-model organisms provide an unprecedented opportunity to investigate development and evolution of the auditory hindbrain by comparative molecular approaches. The dissection of the molecular mechanisms leading to auditory structures will also provide an important framework for auditory processing disorders, a clinical problem difficult to tackle so far. These data will, therefore, foster basic and clinical hearing research alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Willaredt
- Neurogenetics group, Center of Excellence Hearing4All, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Tina Schlüter
- Neurogenetics group, Center of Excellence Hearing4All, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Hans Gerd Nothwang
- Neurogenetics group, Center of Excellence Hearing4All, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
- Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
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Gray DT, Engle JR, Rudolph ML, Recanzone GH. Regional and age-related differences in GAD67 expression of parvalbumin- and calbindin-expressing neurons in the rhesus macaque auditory midbrain and brainstem. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:4074-84. [PMID: 25091320 PMCID: PMC4263274 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neurons expressing the calcium binding proteins (CaBPs) parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin (CB) have shown age-related density changes throughout the ascending auditory system of both rodents and macaque monkeys. In the cerebral cortex, neurons expressing these CaBPs express markers of γ-aminobutyric acidergic neurotransmission, such as GAD67, and have well-understood physiological response properties. Recent evidence suggests that, in the rodent auditory brainstem, CaBP-containing cells do not express GAD67. It is unknown whether PV- and CB-containing cells in subcortical auditory structures of macaques similarly do not express GAD67, and a better understanding of the neurotransmission of neurons expressing these proteins is necessary for understanding the age-related changes in their density throughout the macaque auditory system. This was investigated with immunofluorescent double-labeling techniques to coregister PV- and CB-expressing neurons with GAD67 in the superior olivary complex and the inferior colliculus of young and aged rhesus macaques. The proportions of GAD67-expressing PV- and CB-positive neurons were computed with unbiased sampling techniques. Our results indicate that between 42% and 62% of PV- and CB-positive neurons in the auditory brainstem and midbrain express GAD67, which is significantly less than in the cerebrum. In general, fewer PV(+) neurons and more CB(+) neurons expressed GAD67 as a function of age. These results demonstrate that the inhibitory molecular profile of PV- and CB-expressing neurons can change with age in subcortical auditory structures and that these neurons are distinct from the well-described inhibitory interneurons that express these proteins in the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Gray
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, 95616; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721
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Abstract
Hearing loss induces plasticity in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter systems in auditory brain regions. Excitatory-inhibitory balance is also influenced by a range of neuromodulatory regulatory systems, but less is known about the effects of auditory damage on these networks. In this work, we studied the effects of acoustic trauma on neuromodulatory plasticity in the auditory midbrain of CBA/J mice. Quantitative PCR was used to measure the expression of serotonergic and GABAergic receptor genes in the inferior colliculus (IC) of mice that were unmanipulated, sham controls with no hearing loss, and experimental individuals with hearing loss induced by exposure to a 116 dB, 10 kHz pure tone for 3 h. Acoustic trauma induced substantial hearing loss that was accompanied by selective upregulation of two serotonin receptor genes in the IC. The Htr1B receptor gene was upregulated tenfold following trauma relative to shams, while the Htr1A gene was upregulated threefold. In contrast, no plasticity in serotonin receptor gene expression was found in the hippocampus, a region also innervated by serotonergic projections. Analyses in the IC demonstrated that acoustic trauma also changed the coexpression of genes in relation to each other, leading to an overexpression of Htr1B compared to other genes. These data suggest that acoustic trauma induces serotonergic plasticity in the auditory system, and that this plasticity may involve comodulation of functionally-linked receptor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Smith
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Jae Hyun Kwon
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Marco Navarro
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Laura M Hurley
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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21
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de Oliveira AR, Colombo AC, Muthuraju S, Almada RC, Brandão ML. Dopamine D2-like receptors modulate unconditioned fear: role of the inferior colliculus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104228. [PMID: 25133693 PMCID: PMC4136794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A reduction of dopamine release or D2 receptor blockade in the terminal fields of the mesolimbic system clearly reduces conditioned fear. Injections of haloperidol, a preferential D2 receptor antagonist, into the inferior colliculus (IC) enhance the processing of unconditioned aversive information. However, a clear characterization of the interplay of D2 receptors in the mediation of unconditioned and conditioned fear is still lacking. Methods The present study investigated the effects of intra-IC injections of the D2 receptor-selective antagonist sulpiride on behavior in the elevated plus maze (EPM), auditory-evoked potentials (AEPs) to loud sounds recorded from the IC, fear-potentiated startle (FPS), and conditioned freezing. Results Intra-IC injections of sulpiride caused clear proaversive effects in the EPM and enhanced AEPs induced by loud auditory stimuli. Intra-IC sulpiride administration did not affect FPS or conditioned freezing. Conclusions Dopamine D2-like receptors of the inferior colliculus play a role in the modulation of unconditioned aversive information but not in the fear-potentiated startle response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Ribeiro de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento, INeC, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline Colombo
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento, INeC, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sangu Muthuraju
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento, INeC, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Carvalho Almada
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento, INeC, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus Lira Brandão
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento, INeC, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Nakamoto KT, Mellott JG, Killius J, Storey-Workley ME, Sowick CS, Schofield BR. Analysis of excitatory synapses in the guinea pig inferior colliculus: a study using electron microscopy and GABA immunocytochemistry. Neuroscience 2013; 237:170-83. [PMID: 23395860 PMCID: PMC3657712 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The inferior colliculus (IC) integrates ascending auditory input from the lower brainstem and descending input from the auditory cortex. Understanding how IC cells integrate these inputs requires identification of their synaptic arrangements. We describe excitatory synapses in the dorsal cortex, central nucleus, and lateral cortex of the IC (ICd, ICc and IClc) in guinea pigs. We used electron microscopy (EM) and post-embedding anti-GABA immunogold histochemistry on aldehyde-fixed tissue from pigmented adult guinea pigs. Excitatory synapses were identified by round vesicles, asymmetric synaptic junctions, and gamma-aminobutyric acid-immunonegative (GABA-negative) presynaptic boutons. Excitatory synapses constitute ∼60% of the synapses in each IC subdivision. Three types can be distinguished by presynaptic profile area and number of mitochondrial profiles. Large excitatory (LE) boutons are more than 2 μm(2) in area and usually contain five or more mitochondrial profiles. Small excitatory (SE) boutons are usually less than 0.7 μm(2) in area and usually contain 0 or 1 mitochondria. Medium excitatory (ME) boutons are intermediate in size and usually contain 2 to 4 mitochondria. LE boutons are mostly confined to the ICc, while the other two types are present throughout the IC. Dendritic spines are the most common target of excitatory boutons in the IC dorsal cortex, whereas dendritic shafts are the most common target in other IC subdivisions. Finally, each bouton type terminates on both gamma-aminobutyric acid-immunopositive (GABA+) and GABA-negative (i.e., glutamatergic) targets, with terminations on GABA-negative profiles being much more frequent. The ultrastructural differences between the three types of boutons presumably reflect different origins and may indicate differences in postsynaptic effect. Despite such differences in origins, each of the bouton types contact both GABAergic and non-GABAergic IC cells, and could be expected to activate both excitatory and inhibitory IC circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Nakamoto
- Northeast Ohio Medical University (formerly Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine), 4209 St. Rt. 44, PO Box 95, Rootstown, OH 44272-0095, USA
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Hwang JH, Chen JC, Chan YC. Effects of C-phycocyanin and Spirulina on salicylate-induced tinnitus, expression of NMDA receptor and inflammatory genes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58215. [PMID: 23533584 PMCID: PMC3606192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of C-phycocyanin (C-PC), the active component of Spirulina platensis water extract on the expressions of N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B (NR2B), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-2) genes in the cochlea and inferior colliculus (IC) of mice were evaluated after tinnitus was induced by intraperitoneal injection of salicylate. The results showed that 4-day salicylate treatment (unlike 4-day saline treatment) caused a significant increase in NR2B, TNF-α, and IL-1β mRNAs expression in the cochlea and IC. On the other hand, dietary supplementation with C-PC or Spirulina platensis water extract significantly reduced the salicylate-induced tinnitus and down-regulated the mRNAs expression of NR2B, TNF-α, IL-1β mRNAs, and COX-2 genes in the cochlea and IC of mice. The changes of protein expression levels were generally correlated with those of mRNAs expression levels in the IC for above genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juen-Haur Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Dalin, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Chen
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Dalin Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Dalin, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ching Chan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Shalu, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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24
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Zou QZ, Shang XL. Effect of salicylate on the large GABAergic neurons in the inferior colliculus of rats. Acta Neurol Belg 2012; 112:367-74. [PMID: 22644808 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-012-0090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Salicylate, the anti-inflammatory component of aspirin, induces transient tinnitus and hearing loss in clinical and animal experiments. However, the affected sites and mechanisms of generation remain unclear. Recently, down-regulation of inhibitory transmission mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors was suggested to be crucial in generating tinnitus. However, the cell-specific pathways involved in this process were far from being understood. Here, we describe changes of inhibitory neurotransmitter, receptor, and glutamatergic axosomatic terminals in certain large GABAergic neurons (LGNs) in the inferior colliculus of rats treated with high doses of salicylate. Based on these results, we suggest that salicylate may affect inhibitory projection pathways from the inferior colliculus to the auditory cortex and lead to neural hyperactivity, perhaps by affecting the function of the LGNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Zhi Zou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital, China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjingbei Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
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Wang F, Hong B, Han DY, Zhao LY, Sui YN, Liu YQ, Guo W, Liu HZ, Liu LF. [Changes of gamma-amino butyric acid and electrophysiology inferior colliculus after noise exposure in guinea pig]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2012; 92:1565-1568. [PMID: 22944065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the changes of inferior collicular (IC) neurons after noise exposure cochlea injury in guinea pig to elucidate the encoding mechanism of pure tones, observe the changes of IC gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) after cochlear damage by acoustic trauma and understand the possible mechanism of symptoms such as noise-induced tinnitus, hyperacusis and loudness recruitment. METHODS The responses of IC neurons to pure tone stimuli were observed in guinea pig at Day 1 and Days 11-21 after cochlear damage induced by noise exposure. And the IC neurons of normal guinea pig were assigned as the controls. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the concentrations of GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors. RESULTS (1) The types of frequency reaction area (FRA) in the experiment group were the same as those in the control group (V-shape 84.8%, W-shape 8.9%, N-shape 6.3%). But the percentages of types were markedly different at Day 1 (V-shape 63.9%, W-shape 18.1%, N-shape, 18.1%) and Days 11-21 (V-shape 84.2%, W-shape 12.3%, N-shape 3.5%) after noise exposure. (2) After noise exposure, there was a marked fault in characteristic frequency (CF) and depth function map corresponding to 4 kHz (noise frequency). The rake ratio of CF and depth linear function map in the experiment group was lower than that of the control group. The control group, Day 1 and Days 11-21 after noise exposure, the rake ratios were 6.6, 5.8, 5.2 respectively. (3) GABA(A)/GABA(B) receptors decreased markedly at Days 1, 11 and 21 post-exposure compared to normal controls. And the values increased gradually with the prolonged time after exposure. The above findings conformed to the changes of electrophysiology of IC. CONCLUSIONS After acoustic trauma, the responses of IC neurons to pure tone stimuli change with the elongation of time. It may be explained by the changes of IC GABA receptors after noise exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
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Pérez-González D, Hernández O, Covey E, Malmierca MS. GABA(A)-mediated inhibition modulates stimulus-specific adaptation in the inferior colliculus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34297. [PMID: 22479591 PMCID: PMC3315508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to detect novel sounds in a complex acoustic context is crucial for survival. Neurons from midbrain through cortical levels adapt to repetitive stimuli, while maintaining responsiveness to rare stimuli, a phenomenon called stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA). The site of origin and mechanism of SSA are currently unknown. We used microiontophoretic application of gabazine to examine the role of GABA(A)-mediated inhibition in SSA in the inferior colliculus, the midbrain center for auditory processing. We found that gabazine slowed down the process of adaptation to high probability stimuli but did not abolish it, with response magnitude and latency still depending on the probability of the stimulus. Blocking GABA(A) receptors increased the firing rate to high and low probability stimuli, but did not completely equalize the responses. Together, these findings suggest that GABA(A)-mediated inhibition acts as a gain control mechanism that enhances SSA by modifying the responsiveness of the neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pérez-González
- Auditory Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Olga Hernández
- Auditory Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ellen Covey
- Auditory Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington United States of America
| | - Manuel S. Malmierca
- Auditory Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Felippotti TT, de Freitas RL, Coimbra NC. Endogenous opioid peptide-mediated neurotransmission in central and pericentral nuclei of the inferior colliculus recruits μ1-opioid receptor to modulate post-ictal antinociception. Neuropeptides 2012; 46:39-47. [PMID: 22104092 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present work was to investigate the involvement of the μ1-endogenous opioid peptide receptor-mediated system in post-ictal antinociception. METHODS Antinociceptive responses were determined by the tail-flick test after pre-treatment with the selective μ1-opioid receptor antagonist naloxonazine, peripherally or centrally administered at different doses. RESULTS Peripheral subchronic (24 h) pre-treatment with naloxonazine antagonised the antinociception elicited by tonic-clonic seizures. Acute (10 min) pre-treatment, however, did not have the same effect. In addition, microinjections of naloxonazine into the central, dorsal cortical and external cortical nuclei of the inferior colliculus antagonised tonic-clonic seizure-induced antinociception. Neither acute (10-min) peripheral pre-treatment with naloxonazine nor subchronic intramesencephalic blockade of μ1-opioid receptors resulted in consistent statistically significant differences in the severity of tonic-clonic seizures shown by Racine's index (1972), although the intracollicular specific antagonism of μ1-opioid receptor decreased the duration of seizures. CONCLUSION μ1-Opioid receptors and the inferior colliculus have been implicated in several endogenous opioid peptide-mediated responses such as antinociception and convulsion. The present findings suggest the involvement of μ1-opiate receptors of central and pericentral nuclei of the inferior colliculus in the modulation of tonic-clonic seizures and in the organisation of post-ictal antinociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Tocchini Felippotti
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
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Shim HJ, Lee LH, Huh Y, Lee SY, Yeo SG. Age-related changes in the expression of NMDA, serotonin, and GAD in the central auditory system of the rat. Acta Otolaryngol 2012; 132:44-50. [PMID: 22054020 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2011.622785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS We suggest that age-induced changes of serotonin, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) expression in rats are dependent on the specific location in the central auditory system (CAS). OBJECTIVES Despite the importance of understanding changes in neurotransmitters during presbycusis, only a few studies have assessed age-associated changes in neurotransmitter at each level of the CAS. We therefore evaluated effects of aging on neurotransmission in the CAS of rats. METHODS The concentrations of serotonin, NMDAR, and GAD were assayed immunohistochemically in the cochlear nucleus (CN), superior olivary nucleus (SON), inferior colliculus (IC), medial geniculate body (MGB), and auditory cortex (AC) of Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2 weeks (n = 20) or 24 months (n = 20). RESULTS The total number of neuronal cell bodies of the CAS did not differ significantly at each level between young and aged rats (p > 0.05). Serotonin expression was increased with age in the IC and MGB, but decreased in the CN, SON, and AC (p < 0.05). NMDAR was significantly higher in the CN, MGB, and AC of aged compared with young rats, but was significantly decreased over time in the SOC and IC (p < 0.05). GAD67 was increased with age in the MGB and AC and decreased in the CN and SON (p < 0.05), but was not changed in the IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Joon Shim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eulji Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Nobre MJ, Brandão ML. Modulation of auditory-evoked potentials recorded in the inferior colliculus by GABAergic mechanisms in the basolateral and central nuclei of the amygdala in high- and low-anxiety rats. Brain Res 2011; 1421:20-9. [PMID: 21963315 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoel Jorge Nobre
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901, Brazil.
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Holt AG, Bissig D, Mirza N, Rajah G, Berkowitz B. Evidence of key tinnitus-related brain regions documented by a unique combination of manganese-enhanced MRI and acoustic startle reflex testing. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14260. [PMID: 21179508 PMCID: PMC3002264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models continue to improve our understanding of tinnitus pathogenesis and aid in development of new treatments. However, there are no diagnostic biomarkers for tinnitus-related pathophysiology for use in awake, freely moving animals. To address this disparity, two complementary methods were combined to examine reliable tinnitus models (rats repeatedly administered salicylate or exposed to a single noise event): inhibition of acoustic startle and manganese-enhanced MRI. Salicylate-induced tinnitus resulted in wide spread supernormal manganese uptake compared to noise-induced tinnitus. Neither model demonstrated significant differences in the auditory cortex. Only in the dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus (DCIC) did both models exhibit supernormal uptake. Therefore, abnormal membrane depolarization in the DCIC appears to be important in tinnitus-mediated activity. Our results provide the foundation for future studies correlating the severity and longevity of tinnitus with hearing loss and neuronal activity in specific brain regions and tools for evaluating treatment efficacy across paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avril Genene Holt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America.
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Meltser I, Canlon B. The expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in inferior colliculi after acoustic trauma. Neurobiol Dis 2010; 40:325-30. [PMID: 20598895 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acoustic trauma is well known to cause peripheral damage with subsequent effects in the central auditory system. The inferior colliculus (IC) is a major auditory center for the integration of ascending and descending information and is involved in noise-induced tinnitus and central hyperactivity. Here we show that the early effects of acoustic trauma, that eventually result in permanent damage to auditory system, lead to a transient activation of BDNF and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 in the IC. In contrast, the early effects of acoustic trauma that result in a temporary damage produced a reversible activation only of p38. The transient activation of MAPK and BDNF in the IC after permanent acoustic trauma is attributed to the plastic changes triggered by a decreased signal input from the damaged periphery. The pattern of MAPK and BDNF activation in the IC is different from that previously described for the cochlea from this laboratory. The differences in the pattern of MAPK and BDNF expression in the IC highlight unique molecular mechanisms underlying temporary and permanent acoustic damage to the central auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Meltser
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Shen Y, Jin X. [GluR2 expression in the developing rat inferior colliculus and the relationship with development of synapse]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2010; 24:173-176. [PMID: 20422983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the GluR2 expression in rat inferior colliculus (IC) in different developmental stages, and to investigate its developmental change and relationship with the synapse development. METHOD The expression of GluR2 and synaptophysin(SYP) in IC were detected by double immunofluorescence method. RESULT (1) All sorts of neurons in IC expressed GluR2 in every postnatal groups, and the GluR2 expression in P6w groups was higher than that in other groups. (2) The expression of GluR2 were different in different subnucleus of IC. (3) All sorts of neurons in IC expressed SYP in every postnatal groups, and the SYP expression in P6w groups was higher than others. (4) The expressions of GluR2 consistent with the expression of SYP in IC. CONCLUSION The developmental changes of GluR2 and SYP expression in the rat IC may be involved in the development and plasticity of auditory center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Sun X, Guo YP, Shum DKY, Chan YS, He J. Time course of cortically induced fos expression in auditory thalamus and midbrain after bilateral cochlear ablation. Neuroscience 2009; 160:186-97. [PMID: 19232381 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 01/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Expression of c-fos in the medial geniculate body (MGB) and the inferior colliculus (IC) in response to bicuculline-induced corticofugal activation was examined in rats at different time points after bilateral cochlear ablation (4 h-30 days). Corticofugal activation was crucial in eliciting Fos expression in the MGB after cochlear ablation. The pars ovoidea (OV) of the medial geniculate body ventral division (MGv) showed dense Fos expression 4 h after cochlear ablation; the expression declined to very low levels at 24 h and thereafter. In turn, strong Fos expression was found in the pars lateralis (LV) of the MGv 24 h after cochlear ablation and dropped dramatically at 14 days. The dorsal division of the MGB (MGd) showed high Fos expression 7 days after cochlear ablation, which persisted for a period of time. Using multi-electrode recordings, neuronal activity of different MGB subnuclei was found to correlate well with Fos expressions. The temporal changes in cortically activated Fos expression in different MGB subnuclei after bilateral cochlear ablation indicate differential denervation hypersensitivities of these MGB neurons and likely point to differential dependence of these nuclei on both auditory ascending and corticofugal descending inputs. After bilateral cochlear ablation, significant increases in Fos-positive neurons were detected unilaterally in all IC subnuclei, ipsilateral to the bicuculline injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Ford DH, Weisfuse D, Levi M, Rhines RK. Accumulation of 3H-1-lysine by brain and plasma in male and female rats treated acutely wigh morphine sulfate. Acta Neurol Scand 2009; 50:53-75. [PMID: 4209138 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1974.tb01346.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
AIM The purpose of the present study was to explore how lidocaine as a therapeutic drug for tinnitus targets voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels and changes the excitability of central auditory neurons. METHODS Membrane currents mediated by major voltage- and ligand-gated channels were recorded from primary cultured neurons of the inferior colliculus (IC) in rats with whole-cell patch-clamp techniques in the presence and absence of lidocaine. The effects of lidocaine on the current-evoked firing of action potentials were also examined. RESULTS Lidocaine at 100 micromol/L significantly suppressed voltage-gated sodium currents, transient outward potassium currents, and the glycine-induced chloride currents to 87.66%+/-2.12%, 96.33%+/-0.35%, and 91.46%+/-2.69% of that of the control level, respectively. At 1 mmol/L, lidocaine further suppressed the 3 currents to 70.26%+/-4.69%, 62.80%+/-2.61%, and 89.11%+/-3.17% of that of the control level, respectively. However, lidocaine at concentrations lower than 1 mmol/L did not significantly affect GABA- or aspartate-induced currents. At a higher concentration (3 mmol/L), lidocaine slightly depressed the GABA-induced current to 87.70%+/-1.87% of that of the control level. Finally, lidocaine at 100 mumol/L was shown to significantly suppress the current-evoked firing of IC neurons to 58.62%+/-11.22% of that of the control level, indicating that lidocaine decreases neuronal excitability. CONCLUSION Although the action of lidocaine on the ion channels and receptors is complex and non-specific, it has an overall inhibitory effect on IC neurons at a clinically-relevant concentration, suggesting a central mechanism for lidocaine to suppress tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Yu
- Auditory Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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Navarro-López J, Jiménez-Díaz L, Géranton SM, Ashmore JF. Electrophysiological and molecular analysis of Kv7/KCNQ potassium channels in the inferior colliculus of adult guinea pig. J Mol Neurosci 2008; 37:263-8. [PMID: 18663605 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-008-9130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurons located in the inferior colliculus (IC) are on the path which processes acoustic information converging from the peripheral auditory system and to be sent through ascending pathways to superior structures. Previous in vitro recordings from early stage animals suggest that voltage-gated K channels underlie distinct neuronal discharge patterns observed in the IC. In this study, using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we show the presence of a voltage-gated K channel family (Kv7/KCNQ) in the central nucleus of the IC (ICc) of the adult guinea pig. Whole-cell recordings from neurons in the nucleus were also made in slices from mature animals, and the action of specific openers and blockers demonstrated on the firing patterns. Our results indicate that mRNA from all members of the Kv7 family of channels are expressed in the ICc, but at different levels, and provide evidence that these channels can modulate neuronal excitability in this nucleus.
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Thompson AM. Serotonin immunoreactivity in auditory brainstem neurons of the postnatal monoamine oxidase-A knockout mouse. Brain Res 2008; 1228:58-67. [PMID: 18634763 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Altered levels of extracellular serotonin (5-HT) during development cause structural abnormalities in the neural projections of sensory systems. To better understand the potential role of 5-HT in the development of auditory system projections, we examined 5-HT immunoreactivity (IR) in auditory brainstem nuclei of postnatal mice. We previously observed 5-HT-IR in the lateral superior olive (LSO) of wild type mice. In the current study, we used a genetic model (monoamine oxidase-A knockout mouse) in which brain 5-HT levels are abnormally high to improve detection of 5-HT. In the cochlear nucleus of this knockout, 5-HT-IR cell bodies were observed in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), a primary relay to the inferior colliculus (IC). In the superior olivary complex, 5-HT-IR somata were observed in the LSO, another relay to the IC. Labeled somata were also observed within the IC itself. The 5-HT immunostaining in all 3 regions was transient and was not observed beyond postnatal day 8. These results suggest that 5-HT may play a role in the branching and refinement of DCN and LSO axon collaterals within the IC, as well as IC axon collaterals within the medial geniculate body. The pattern of expression indicates that 5-HT has a developmental role in select populations of neurons of the ascending auditory pathway prior to any influences of sound-evoked activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Thompson
- The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Oklahoma City, OK 73126-0901, USA.
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Altschuler RA, Tong L, Holt AG, Oliver DL. Immunolocalization of vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 in the rat inferior colliculus. Neuroscience 2008; 154:226-32. [PMID: 18436385 PMCID: PMC2574917 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The inferior colliculus is a major relay nucleus in the ascending auditory pathways that receives multiple glutamatergic inputs. Vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 (VGLUT1, VGLUT2) most often have complementary non-overlapping distributions and can be used to differentiate glutamatergic inputs. The present study therefore examined co-immunolabeling of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in three divisions of the rat inferior colliculus. Additional co-immunolabeling of microtubule-associated protein 2 and neuronal class III beta-tubulin provided visualization of neuronal soma and processes and allowed identification of axo-somatic versus axo-dendritic contacts. Results showed numerous VGLUT1 and 2 immunolabeled terminals in the central nucleus, lateral cortex and dorsal cortex. In all three divisions there was little to no co-containment of the two vesicular glutamate transporters indicating a complementary distribution. VGLUT1 made predominantly axo-dendritic connections in the neuropil, while VGLUT2 had many axo-somatic contacts in addition to axo-dendritic contacts. VGLUT2 immunolabeled terminals were numerous on the soma and proximal dendrites of many medium-to-large and large neurons in the central nucleus and medium to large neurons in the dorsal cortex. There were more VGLUT2 terminals than VGLUT1 in all divisions and more VGLUT2 terminals in dorsal and lateral cortices than in the central nucleus. This study shows that VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 differentiate complementary patterns of glutamatergic inputs into the central nucleus, lateral and dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus with VGLUT1 endings predominantly on the dendrites and VGLUT2 on both dendrites and somas.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Altschuler
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5616, USA.
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Ball KK, Gandhi GK, Thrash J, Cruz NF, Dienel GA. Astrocytic connexin distributions and rapid, extensive dye transfer via gap junctions in the inferior colliculus: implications for [(14)C]glucose metabolite trafficking. J Neurosci Res 2008; 85:3267-83. [PMID: 17600824 PMCID: PMC2819729 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The inferior colliculus has the highest rates of blood flow and metabolism in brain, and functional metabolic activity increases markedly in response to acoustic stimulation. However, brain imaging with [1- and 6-(14)C]glucose greatly underestimates focal metabolic activation that is readily detected with [(14)C]deoxyglucose, suggesting that labeled glucose metabolites are quickly dispersed and released from highly activated zones of the inferior colliculus. To evaluate the role of coupling of astrocytes via gap junctions in dispersal of molecules within the inferior colliculus, the present study assessed the distribution of connexin (Cx) proteins in the inferior colliculus and spreading of Lucifer yellow from single microinjected astrocytes in slices of adult rat brain. Immunoreactive Cx43, Cx30, and Cx26 were heterogeneously distributed; the patterns for Cx43 and Cx 30 differed and were similar to those of immunoreactive GFAP and S100beta, respectively. Most Cx43 was phosphorylated in resting and acoustically stimulated rats. Dye spreading revealed an extensive syncytial network that included thousands of cells and perivasculature endfeet; with 8% Lucifer yellow VS and a 5-min diffusion duration, about 6,100 astrocytes (range 2,068-11,939) were labeled as far as 1-1.5 mm from the injected cell. The relative concentration of Lucifer yellow fell by 50% within 0.3-0.8 mm from the injected cell with a 5-min diffusion interval. Perivascular dye labeling was readily detectable and often exceeded dye levels in nearby neuropil. Thus, astrocytes have the capability to distribute intracellular molecules quickly from activated regions throughout the large, heterogeneous syncytial volume of the inferior colliculus, and rapid trafficking of labeled metabolites would degrade resolution of focal metabolic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly K. Ball
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Gautam K. Gandhi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Jarrod Thrash
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Nancy F. Cruz
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Gerald A. Dienel
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Correspondence to: Gerald A. Dienel, PhD, Department of Neurology, Slot 830, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Shorey Bldg., Room 715, Little Rock, AR 72205.
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40
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Caminos E, Garcia-Pino E, Martinez-Galan JR, Juiz JM. The potassium channel KCNQ5/Kv7.5 is localized in synaptic endings of auditory brainstem nuclei of the rat. J Comp Neurol 2007; 505:363-78. [PMID: 17912742 DOI: 10.1002/cne.21497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
KCNQ, also called Kv7, is a family of voltage-dependent potassium channels with important roles in excitability regulation. Of its five known subunits, KCNQ5/Kv7.5 is extensively expressed in the central nervous system and it contributes to the generation of M-currents. The distribution of KCNQ5 was analyzed in auditory nuclei of the rat brainstem by high-resolution immunocytochemistry. Double labeling with anti-KCNQ5 antibodies and anti-synaptophysin or anti-syntaxin, which mark synaptic endings, or anti-microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) antibodies, which mark dendrites, were used to analyze the subcellular distribution of KCNQ5 in neurons in the cochlear nucleus, superior olivary complex, nuclei of the lateral lemniscus, and inferior colliculus. An abundance of KCNQ5 labeling in punctate structures throughout auditory brainstem nuclei along with colocalization with such synaptic markers suggests that a preferred localization of KCNQ5 is in synaptic endings in these auditory nuclei. Punctate KCNQ5 immunoreactivity virtually disappeared from the cochlear nucleus after cochlea removal, which strongly supports localization of this channel in excitatory endings of the auditory nerve. Actually, neither glycinergic endings, labeled with an anti-glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2) antibody, nor gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic endings, labeled with an anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) antibody, contained KCNQ5 immunoreactivity, suggesting that KCNQ5 is mostly in excitatory endings throughout the auditory brainstem. Overlap of KCNQ5 and MAP2 labeling indicates that KCNQ5 is also targeted to dendritic compartments. These findings predict pre- and postsynaptic roles for KCNQ5 in excitability regulation in auditory brainstem nuclei, at the level of glutamatergic excitatory endings and in dendrites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Caminos
- Facultad de Medicina and Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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41
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Abstract
Owls reared wearing prismatic spectacles learn to make adaptive orienting movements. This instructed learning depends on re-calibration of the midbrain auditory space map, which in turn involves the formation of new synapses. Here we investigated whether these processes are associated with differential gene expression, using longSAGE. Newly fledged owls were reared for 8-36 days with prism or control lenses at which time the extent of learning was quantified by electrophysiological mapping. Transciptome profiles were obtained from the inferior colliculus (IC), the major site of synaptic plasticity, and the optic tectum (OT), which provides an instructive signal that controls the direction and extent of plasticity. Twenty-two differentially expressed sequence tags were identified in IC and 36 in OT, out of more than 35,000 unique tags. Of these, only four were regulated in both structures. These results indicate that regulation of two largely independent gene clusters is associated with synaptic remodeling (in IC) and generation of the instructive signal (in OT). Real-time PCR data confirmed the changes for two transcripts, ubiquitin/polyubiquitin and tyrosine 3-monooxgenase/tryotophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, theta subunit (YWHAQ; also referred to as 14-3-3 protein). Ubiquitin was downregulated in IC, consistent with a model in which protein degradation pathways act as an inhibitory constraint on synaptogenesis. YWHAQ was up-regulated in OT, indicating a role in the synthesis or delivery of instructive information. In total, our results provide a path towards unraveling molecular cascades that link naturalistic experience with synaptic remodeling and, ultimately, with the expression of learned behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet A Swofford
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, Center for Neuroscience, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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42
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Wang X, Jen PHS, Wu FJ, Chen QC. Preceding weak noise sharpens the frequency tuning and elevates the response threshold of the mouse inferior collicular neurons through GABAergic inhibition. Brain Res 2007; 1167:80-91. [PMID: 17689505 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Revised: 06/27/2007] [Accepted: 07/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In acoustic communication, animals must extract biologically relevant signals that are embedded in noisy environment. The present study examines how weak noise may affect the auditory sensitivity of neurons in the central nucleus of the mouse inferior colliculus (IC) which receives convergent excitatory and inhibitory inputs from both lower and higher auditory centers. Specifically, we studied the frequency sensitivity and minimum threshold of IC neurons using a pure tone probe and a weak white noise masker under forward masking paradigm. For most IC neurons, probe-elicited response was decreased by a weak white noise that was presented at a specific gap (i.e. time window). When presented within this time window, weak noise masking sharpened the frequency tuning curve and increased the minimum threshold of IC neurons. The degree of weak noise masking of these two measurements increased with noise duration. Sharpening of the frequency tuning curve and increasing of the minimum threshold of IC neurons during weak noise masking were mostly mediated through GABAergic inhibition. In addition, sharpening of frequency tuning curve by the weak noise masker was more effective at the high than at low frequency limb. These data indicate that in the real world the ambient noise may improve frequency sensitivity of IC neurons through GABAergic inhibition while inevitably decrease the frequency response range and sensitivity of IC neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
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Xie HS, Song WM, Shangguan DH, Li XP, Wang W, Wang L, Zhu L. [Level of glutamate on the auditory pathway of inferior colliculus after exposure to noise observed by microdialysis in vivo]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2007; 39:409-11. [PMID: 17657270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the quality and quantity of glutamate(Glu) on the auditory pathway of inferior colliculus when exposed to conditioning noise or traumatic sound to find the relationship between the change of neurotransmitters and the protection of hearing, and the mechanism in the phenomena. METHODS Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control group, conditioning group, intensive noise group and combining group. The hearing function was measured by ABR. Glu was detected by microdialysis and HPLC. RESULTS The ABR levels after exposure were (47.0+/-2.7) dB SPL (intensive noise group ),(31.0+/-2.2) dB SPL (conditioning group ) and (36.0+/-2.2) dB SPL (combining group ).The levels of Glu were (310.5+/-78.5)x 10(-7)mol/L (intense noise group ),(162.9+/-64.1)x10(-7)mol/L (conditioning group ); (113.6+/-38.1)x10(-7)mol/L (combining group),(56.3+/-23.9)x10(-7)mol/L (control group). CONCLUSION The level of Glu on the auditory pathway of inferior colliculus was higher when exposed to noise . Glu was exhausted when given conditioning sound, and the level of Glu was lower when given following intense noise. High level of Glu can damage hearing, so exhaustion of Glu in sound condition may contribute to the protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shun Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Third hospital, Beijing 100083, China
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Reisch A, Illing RB, Laszig R. Immediate early gene expression invoked by electrical intracochlear stimulation in some but not all types of neurons in the rat auditory brainstem. Exp Neurol 2007; 208:193-206. [PMID: 17825819 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Specific patterns of sensory activity may induce plastic remodeling of neurons and the communication network they form in the adult mammalian brain. Among the indicators for the initiation of neuronal remodeling is the expression of immediate early genes (IEGs). The IEGs c-fos and egr-1 encode transcription factors. Following spectrally and temporally precisely defined unilateral electrical intracochlear stimulation (EIS) that corresponded in strength to physiological acoustic stimuli and lasted for 2 h under anesthesia, we characterized those neuronal cell types in ventral (VCN) and dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), lateral superior olive (LSO) and central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (CIC) of the rat brain that expressed IEGs. We found that EIS affected only specific types of neurons. Whereas sub-populations of glutamatergic and glycinergic cells responded in all four regions, GABAergic neurons failed to do so except in DCN. Combining immunocytochemistry with axonal tracing, neurons participating in major ascending pathways, commissural cells of VCN and certain types of neurons of the descending auditory system were seen to respond to EIS with IEG expression. By contrast, principal LSO cells projecting to the contralateral CIC as well as collicular efferents of the DCN did not. In total, less than 50% of the identified neurons turned up expression of the IEGs studied. The pattern of IEG expression caused by unilateral EIS led us to suggest that dominant sensory activity may quickly initiate a facilitation of central pathways serving the active ear at the expense of those serving the unstimulated ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Reisch
- Neurobiological Research Laboratory, Killianstr. 5, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Zeng SJ, Xi C, Zhang XW, Zuo MX. Differences in neurogenesis differentiate between core and shell regions of auditory nuclei in the turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis): evolutionary implications. Brain Behav Evol 2007; 70:174-86. [PMID: 17595537 DOI: 10.1159/000104308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2006] [Accepted: 08/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a clear core-versus-shell distinction in cytoarchitecture, electrophysiological properties and neural connections in the mesencephalic and diencephalic auditory nuclei of amniotes. Determining whether the embryogenesis of auditory nuclei shows a similar organization is helpful for further understanding the constituent organization and evolution of auditory nuclei. Therefore in the present study, we injected [(3)H]-thymidine into turtle embryos (Pelodiscus sinensis) at various stages of development. Upon hatching, [(3)H]-thymidine labeling was examined in both the core and shell auditory regions in the midbrain, diencephalon and dorsal ventricular ridge. Met-enkephalin and substance P immunohistochemistry was used to distinguish the core and shell regions. In the mesencephalic auditory nucleus, the occurrence of heavily labeled neurons in the nucleus centralis of the torus semicircularis reached its peak at embryonic day 9, one day later than the surrounding shell. In the diencephalic auditory nucleus, the production of heavily labeled neurons in the central region of the reuniens (Re) was highest at embryonic day (E) 8, one day later than that in the shell region of reuniens. In the region of the dorsal ventricular ridge that received inputs from the central region of Re, the appearance of heavily labeled neurons also reached a peak one day later than that in the area receiving inputs from the shell region of reuniens. Thus, there is a core-versus-shell organization of neuronal generation in reptilian auditory areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ju Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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46
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Alvarado JC, Fuentes-Santamaria V, Franklin SR, Brunso-Bechtold JK, Henkel CK. Synaptophysin and insulin-like growth factor-1 immunostaining in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus in adult ferrets following unilateral cochlear removal: a densitometric analysis. Synapse 2007; 61:288-302. [PMID: 17318882 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, unilateral cochlear ablations were performed in adult ferrets to evaluate possible time-dependent modifications of synaptophysin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (CNIC). Using densitometric analysis, synaptophysin and IGF-1 immunostaining were assessed at 1 (PA1) and 90 (PA90) days after cochlear ablation. The results demonstrated that 1 day after the lesion there was an increase in the levels of synaptophysin immunostaining bilaterally in the CNIC compared to control animals. That increase was no longer present at 90 days after the ablation. Overall levels of IGF-1 immunostaining at PA1 were increased significantly within neurons and neuropil. However, at PA90, only IGF-1 immunostaining contralateral to the lesion was elevated compared to control animals, although elevation was less than that observed at PA1. These results suggest that cochlear ablation appears to affect synaptophysin and IGF-1 protein levels bilaterally in the CNIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Alvarado
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
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47
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Abstract
To investigate the corticofugal modulation of acoustic information ascending through the auditory pathway of the rat, immunohistochemical techniques were used to study the functional expression of Fos protein in neurons. With auditory stimulation at different frequencies, Fos expression in the medial geniculate body (MGB), inferior colliculus (IC), superior olivary complex, and cochlear nucleus was examined, and the extent of Fos expression on the two sides was compared. Strikingly, we found densely Fos-labeled neurons in all divisions of the MGB after both presentation of an auditory stimulus and administration of a gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) antagonist (bicuculline methobromide; BIM) to the auditory cortex. The location of Fos-labeled neurons in the ventral division (MGv) after acoustic stimulation at different frequencies was in agreement with the known tonotopic organization. That no Fos-labeled neurons were found in the MGv with acoustic stimuli alone suggests that the transmission of ascending thalamocortical information is critically governed by corticofugal modulation. The dorsal (DCIC) and external cortices (ECIC) of the IC ipsilateral to the BIM-injected cortex showed a significantly higher number of Fos-labeled neurons than the contralateral IC. However, no difference in the number of Fos-labeled neurons was found between the central nucleus of the IC on either side, indicating that direct corticofugal modulation occurs only in the ECIC and DCIC. Further investigations are needed to assess the functional implications of the morphological differences observed between the descending corticofugal projections to the thalamus and the IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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48
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Wang Q, Hua Q, Wang S, Xiao B, Liao H. [The changes of GABA and GABAergic neurons in inferior colliculus of unilateral cochlear damage rats]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2007; 21:321-3. [PMID: 17580721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the changes of GABA and GABAergic neurons in rat inferior colliculus following unilateral cochlear damage and explore the function and significance of GABA in reorganization of auditory center after deafferentation. METHOD Twenty sprague dawley rats were divided into four groups randomly. The technique of direct anti-GABA immunocytochemistry (SP) was used in this study. The quantity of GABA was measured by 835-50 type Amino Acid Automatism Analyzer and compared at one week, two weeks and one month after unilateral cochlear ablation, respectively. RESULT Compared with controlled groups, the quantity levels of GABA decreased and the number of GABAergic neurons also reduced one week after unilateral cochlear damage and there was a significant difference in GABA between two groups( P <0. 05); after one month, the quantity of GABA and the number of GABAergic neurons almost reached the normal level, the differences were no significant. CONCLUSION The dynamic change of GABA in rat inferior colliculus reflected the neuronal activity, which implied that GABA may play an important role in reorganization of auditory center after unilateral cochlear damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinying Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital,Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
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Henkel CK, Keiger CJ, Franklin SR, Brunso-Bechtold JK. Development of banded afferent compartments in the inferior colliculus before onset of hearing in ferrets. Neuroscience 2007; 146:225-35. [PMID: 17324524 PMCID: PMC1973092 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2006] [Revised: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Axonal projections from the lateral superior olivary nuclei (LSO), as well as from the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) and dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL), converge in frequency-ordered layers in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (IC) where they distribute among different synaptic compartments. A carbocyanine dye, 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI), was used as a tracer to study the postnatal development of axonal projections in the ferret IC. The results indicated that projections from all three nuclei are present at birth, but are not segregated into bands. During the postnatal week between approximately postnatal days 4 and 12 (P4-P12), axons from LSO proliferate in IC, become more branched, and segregate into a series of bands composed of densely packed fibers and endings. LSO projections in these afferent bands course parallel to IC layers and are separated by intervening regions with few endings. A modest fit of a sine curve (R2>0.15) to the pattern of spacing of LSO projections in IC indicated that regularly spaced bands are forming by P7. Similarly, banded patterns of DCN and DNLL projections to IC have developed by the end of the first postnatal week. Thus, well before hearing onset in ferret (P28-30), three different afferent projections have segregated into banded compartments along layers in the central nucleus of the ferret IC. Possible mechanisms in circuit development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Henkel
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Neuroscience Program and Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Matrov D, Kolts I, Harro J. Cerebral oxidative metabolism in rats with high and low exploratory activity. Neurosci Lett 2007; 413:154-8. [PMID: 17234343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Revised: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To reveal brain regions most significantly related to individual differences in exploratory behaviour, oxidative metabolism was measured by cytochrome c oxidase histochemistry in 2 months old Wistar rats with persistently high (HE) or low (LE) exploratory activity in a novel environment. LE-rats had significantly higher levels of oxidative metabolism in dorsal raphe and inferior colliculi. In contrast, HE-rats had higher metabolic activity in entorhinal cortex. In conclusion, rats with different exploratory styles differ in underlying cerebral activity as measured via oxidative metabolism in regions implicated in defensive behaviours and cognitive processing of sensory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Matrov
- Department of Psychology, Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tiigi 78, EE-50410 Tartu, Estonia
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