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An X, Liao Y, Yu Y, Fan J, Wan J, Wei Y, Ouyang Z. Effects of MhMYB1 and MhMYB2 transcription factors on the monoterpenoid biosynthesis pathway in l-menthol chemotype of Mentha haplocalyx Briq. Planta 2024; 260:3. [PMID: 38767800 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Transcription factors MhMYB1 and MhMYB2 correlate with monoterpenoid biosynthesis pathway in l-menthol chemotype of Mentha haplocalyx Briq, which could affect the contents of ( -)-menthol and ( -)-menthone. Mentha haplocalyx Briq., a plant with traditional medicinal and edible uses, is renowned for its rich essential oil content. The distinct functional activities and aromatic flavors of mint essential oils arise from various chemotypes. While the biosynthetic pathways of the main monoterpenes in mint are well understood, the regulatory mechanisms governing different chemotypes remain inadequately explored. In this investigation, we identified and cloned two transcription factor genes from the M. haplocalyx MYB family, namely MhMYB1 (PP236792) and MhMYB2 (PP236793), previously identified by our research group. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that MhMYB1 possesses two conserved MYB domains, while MhMYB2 contains a conserved SANT domain. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) analysis results demonstrated that both MhMYB1 and MhMYB2 interacted with the promoter regions of MhMD and MhPR, critical enzymes in the monoterpenoid biosynthesis pathway of M. haplocalyx. Subsequent virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of MhMYB1 and MhMYB2 led to a significant reduction (P < 0.01) in the relative expression levels of MhMD and MhPR genes in the VIGS groups of M. haplocalyx. In addition, there was a noteworthy decrease (P < 0.05) in the contents of ( -)-menthol and ( -)-menthone in the essential oil of M. haplocalyx. These findings suggest that MhMYB1 and MhMYB2 transcription factors play a positive regulatory role in ( -)-menthol biosynthesis, consequently influencing the essential oil composition in the l-menthol chemotype of M. haplocalyx. This study serves as a pivotal foundation for unraveling the regulatory mechanisms governing monoterpenoid biosynthesis in different chemotypes of M. haplocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin An
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yangzhen Liao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Jiahe Fan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Jingqiong Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Tomlin CM, Rajaraman S, Sebesta JT, Scheen AC, Bendiksby M, Low YW, Salojärvi J, Michael TP, Albert VA, Lindqvist C. Allopolyploid origin and diversification of the Hawaiian endemic mints. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3109. [PMID: 38600100 PMCID: PMC11006916 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47247-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Island systems provide important contexts for studying processes underlying lineage migration, species diversification, and organismal extinction. The Hawaiian endemic mints (Lamiaceae family) are the second largest plant radiation on the isolated Hawaiian Islands. We generated a chromosome-scale reference genome for one Hawaiian species, Stenogyne calaminthoides, and resequenced 45 relatives, representing 34 species, to uncover the continental origins of this group and their subsequent diversification. We further resequenced 109 individuals of two Stenogyne species, and their purported hybrids, found high on the Mauna Kea volcano on the island of Hawai'i. The three distinct Hawaiian genera, Haplostachys, Phyllostegia, and Stenogyne, are nested inside a fourth genus, Stachys. We uncovered four independent polyploidy events within Stachys, including one allopolyploidy event underlying the Hawaiian mints and their direct western North American ancestors. While the Hawaiian taxa may have principally diversified by parapatry and drift in small and fragmented populations, localized admixture may have played an important role early in lineage diversification. Our genomic analyses provide a view into how organisms may have radiated on isolated island chains, settings that provided one of the principal natural laboratories for Darwin's thinking about the evolutionary process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M Tomlin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sitaram Rajaraman
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Mika Bendiksby
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yee Wen Low
- Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jarkko Salojärvi
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Todd P Michael
- The Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Victor A Albert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, New York, USA.
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Shikha, Pandey DK, Upadhyay S, Phukan UJ, Shukla RK. Transcriptome analysis of waterlogging-induced adventitious root and control taproot of Mentha arvensis. Plant Cell Rep 2024; 43:104. [PMID: 38507094 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The present study reports differentially expressed transcripts in the waterlogging-induced adventitious root (AR) of Mentha arvensis; the identified transcripts will help to understand AR development and improve waterlogging stress response. Waterlogging notably hampers plant growth in areas facing waterlogged soil conditions. In our previous findings, Mentha arvensis was shown to adapt better in waterlogging conditions by initiating the early onset of adventitious root development. In the present study, we compared the transcriptome analysis of adventitious root induced after the waterlogging treatment with the control taproot. The biochemical parameters of total carbohydrate, total protein content, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity and antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase activity (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, were enhanced in the adventitious root compared with control taproot. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in adventitious root compared with the control taproot were grouped into four functional categories, i.e., carbohydrate metabolism, antioxidant activity, hormonal regulation, and transcription factors that could be majorly involved in the development of adventitious roots. Differential expression of the upregulated and uniquely expressing thirty-five transcripts in adventitious roots was validated using qRT-PCR. This study has generated the resource of differentially and uniquely expressing transcripts in the waterlogging-induced adventitious roots. Further functional characterization of these transcripts will be helpful to understand the development of adventitious roots, leading to the resistance towards waterlogging stress in Mentha arvensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha
- Plant Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, CSIR-CIMAP) PO CIMAP (A laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Pandey
- Plant Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, CSIR-CIMAP) PO CIMAP (A laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Swati Upadhyay
- Plant Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, CSIR-CIMAP) PO CIMAP (A laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Ujjal J Phukan
- Plant Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, CSIR-CIMAP) PO CIMAP (A laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Shukla
- Plant Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, CSIR-CIMAP) PO CIMAP (A laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Naranjo AA, Edwards CE, Gitzendanner MA, Soltis DE, Soltis PS. Abundant incongruence in a clade endemic to a biodiversity hotspot: Phylogenetics of the scrub mint clade (Lamiaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 192:108014. [PMID: 38199595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The Scrub Mint clade(Lamiaceae) provides a unique system for investigating the evolutionary processes driving diversification in the North American Coastal Plain from both a systematic and biogeographic context. The clade comprisesDicerandra, Conradina, Piloblephis, Stachydeoma, and four species of the broadly defined genus Clinopodium(Mentheae; Lamiaceae), almost all of which are endemic to the North American Eastern Coastal Plain. Most species of this clade are threatened or endangered and restricted to sandhill or a mosaic of scrub habitats. We analyzed relationships in this clade to understand the evolution of the group and identify evolutionary mechanisms acting on the clade, with important implications for conservation. We used a target-capture method to sequence and analyze 238 nuclear loci across all species of scrub mints, reconstructed the phylogeny, and calculated gene tree concordance, gene tree estimation error, and reticulation indices for every node in the tree using ML methods. Phylogenetic networks were used to determine reticulation events. Our nuclear phylogenetic estimates were consistent with previous results, while greatly increasing the robustness of taxon sampling. The phylogeny resolved the full relationship between Dicerandra and Conradina and the less-studied members of the clade (Piloblephis, Stachydeoma, Clinopodium spp.). We found hotspots of gene tree discordance and reticulation throughout the tree, especially in perennial Dicerandra. Several instances of reticulation events were uncovered between annual and perennial Dicerandra, and within the Conradina + allies clade. Incomplete lineage sorting also likely contributed to phylogenetic discordance. These results clarify phylogenetic relationships in the clade and provide insight on important evolutionary drivers in the clade, such as hybridization. General relationships in the group were confirmed, while the large amount of gene tree discordance is likely due to reticulation across the phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre A Naranjo
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th ST, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, 1659 Museum Road, PO Box 117800, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA.
| | | | - Matthew A Gitzendanner
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, PO Box 118526, Gainesville, FL 32611-8526, USA
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, 1659 Museum Road, PO Box 117800, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA; Department of Biology, University of Florida, PO Box 118526, Gainesville, FL 32611-8526, USA
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, 1659 Museum Road, PO Box 117800, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA
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Olofsson JK, Tyler T, Dunning LT, Hjertson M, Rühling Å, Hansen AJ. Morphological and genetic evidence suggest gene flow among native and naturalized mint species. Am J Bot 2024; 111:e16280. [PMID: 38334273 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
PREMISE Cultivation and naturalization of plants beyond their natural range can bring previously geographically isolated taxa together, increasing the opportunity for hybridization, the outcomes of which are not predictable. Here, we explored the phenotypic and genomic effects of interspecific gene flow following the widespread cultivation of Mentha spicata (spearmint), M. longifolia, and M. suaveolens. METHODS We morphologically evaluated 155 herbarium specimens of three Mentha species and sequenced the genomes of a subset of 93 specimens. We analyzed the whole genomes in a population and the phylogenetic framework and associated genomic classifications in conjunction with the morphological assessments. RESULTS The allopolyploid M. spicata, which likely evolved in cultivation, had altered trichome characters, that is possibly a product of human selection for a more palatable plant or a byproduct of selection for essential oils. There were signs of genetic admixture between mints, including allopolyploids, indicating that the reproductive barriers between Mentha species with differences in ploidy are likely incomplete. Still, despite gene flow between species, we found that genetic variants associated with the cultivated trichome morphology continue to segregate. CONCLUSIONS Although hybridization, allopolyploidization, and human selection during cultivation can increase species richness (e.g., by forming hybrid taxa), we showed that unless reproductive barriers are strong, these processes can also result in mixing of genes between species and the potential loss of natural biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill K Olofsson
- Section for GeoGenetics, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen, DK-1350, Denmark
| | - Torbjörn Tyler
- Department of Biology, The Biological Museum, Lund University, Box 117, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Luke T Dunning
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, Western Bank, UK
| | - Mats Hjertson
- Museum of Evolution, Botany, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Rühling
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, Western Bank, UK
- Biological Museum, Gyllings väg 9, SE-572 36 Oskarshamn, Sverige
| | - Anders J Hansen
- Section for GeoGenetics, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen, DK-1350, Denmark
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen K, 1353, Denmark
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Prasad P, Gupta A, Singh V, Kumar B. Impact of induced mutation-derived genetic variability, genotype and varieties for quantitative and qualitative traits in Mentha species. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:151-160. [PMID: 37755121 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2263595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The genus Mentha spp. is an aromatic herb from the family 'Lamiaceae'. It is extensively predominant in temperate and sub-temperate regions of the world. The essential oil of this species is enriched with broad aroma constituents extensively utilized in food, beverages, flavor, cosmetics, perfumery, and pharmaceutical enterprises. With the global menthol market size estimated to be worth USD 765 million in 2022, India (accompanied by China and Brazil) is the world's primary manufacturer, consumer, and exporter of Mentha oil. Despite prominent global demand, the crucial bottleneck in mint cultivation is the need for more superior commercial cultivars. Predominant vegetative propagation mode with difficulties in manual emasculation, differential blooming times, sterile/sub-sterile hybrids, and low seed viability are the primary containment in creating genetic variability by classical breeding approaches. Therefore, genetic complications encountered in conventional breeding have led the breeders to apply mutation breeding as an alternative crop improvement approach in Mentha spp. These attempts at mutation breeding have produced some distinctive mutants as genetic pools for plant breeding programs, and some novel mutant mint cultivars have been made available for commercial cultivation. CONCLUSIONS The prime strategy in mutation-based breeding has proven an adept means of encouraging the expression of recessive genes and producing new genetic variations. The present review comprises a significant contribution of mutation breeding approaches in the development of mutant mint species and its effects on physiological variation, photosynthetic pigment, essential oil content and composition, phytochemical-mediated defense response, pathogen resistivity, and differential expression of genes related to terpenoid biogenesis. Development and diversification have led to the release of varieties, namely Todd's Mitcham, Murray Mitcham, Pranjal, Tushar, and Kukrail in M. piperita L., Mukta, and Pratik in M. cardiaca Baker, Neera in M. spicata L., Kiran in M. citrata Ehrh., and Rose mint in M. arvensis L. that have revolutionized and uplifted mint cultivation leading to economic gain by the farmers and entrepreneurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Prasad
- Seed Quality Lab, Plant Breeding & Genetic Resource Conservation Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Akancha Gupta
- Seed Quality Lab, Plant Breeding & Genetic Resource Conservation Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vagmi Singh
- Seed Quality Lab, Plant Breeding & Genetic Resource Conservation Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Birendra Kumar
- Seed Quality Lab, Plant Breeding & Genetic Resource Conservation Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Park HS, Jo IH, Raveendar S, Kim NH, Gil J, Shim D, Kim C, Yu JK, So YS, Chung JW. A chromosome-level genome assembly of Korean mint (Agastache rugosa). Sci Data 2023; 10:792. [PMID: 37949898 PMCID: PMC10638305 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02714-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Agastache rugosa, also known as Korean mint, is a perennial plant from the Lamiaceae family that is traditionally used for various ailments and contains antioxidant and antibacterial phenolic compounds. Molecular breeding of A. rugosa can enhance secondary metabolite production and improve agricultural traits, but progress in this field has been delayed due to the lack of chromosome-scale genome information. Herein, we constructed a chromosome-level reference genome using Nanopore sequencing and Hi-C technology, resulting in a final genome assembly with a scaffold N50 of 52.15 Mbp and a total size of 410.67 Mbp. Nine pseudochromosomes accounted for 89.1% of the predicted genome. The BUSCO analysis indicated a high level of completeness in the assembly. Repeat annotation revealed 561,061 repeat elements, accounting for 61.65% of the genome, with Copia and Gypsy long terminal repeats being the most abundant. A total of 26,430 protein-coding genes were predicted, with an average length of 1,184 bp. The availability of this chromosome-scale genome will advance our understanding of A. rugosa's genetic makeup and its potential applications in various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seung Park
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Convergence Research Center for Natural Products, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Ick Hyun Jo
- Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
| | - Sebastin Raveendar
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | | | - Jinsu Gil
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Donghwan Shim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Crop Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ju-Kyung Yu
- Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Sup So
- Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea.
| | - Jong-Wook Chung
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea.
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Jiang M, Ni Y, Zhang J, Li J, Liu C. Complete mitochondrial genome of Mentha spicata L. reveals multiple chromosomal configurations and RNA editing events. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126257. [PMID: 37573900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Mentha spicata L. is a valuable plant that yields spearmint oil, widely utilized in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and cosmetic industries. The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) is an essential material for molecular breeding and evolution studies. Here, the mitogenome of M. spicata was assembled by combining Nanopore and Illumina reads. It consisted of a linear chromosome (Ch1) and two circular chromosomes (Ch2 and Ch3). Furthermore, we showed two pairs of repeats (R1 and R2) mediated recombinations resulting in multiple chromosomal configurations. The R1-mediated-recombination generated a large molecule formed by joining Ch2 and Ch1. Similarly, the R2-mediated-recombination generated a large molecule formed by joining Ch3 and Ch1. Then, we identified 17 mitochondrial plastid DNAs (MTPTs) by comparing the mitogenome and cpgenome. The MTPT14 was conserved in multiple species, which has undergone the same evolutionary process as the two organellar genomes among M. spicata, Hesperelaea palmeri and Castilleja paramensis. Based on the RNA-seq reads, 246 RNA editing sites were predicted, resulting in the conversion of cytosine to uracil bases. Furthermore, we successfully validated 40 out of 43 predicted sites. This project reported a complex structure of the M. spicata mitogenome resulting from repeat-mediated recombinations, which will provide valuable information for gene function study and the breeding of different varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, PR China
| | - Yang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine from Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resources from Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jianjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, PR China
| | - Jingling Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine from Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resources from Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine from Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resources from Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
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Xu DB, Ma YN, Qin TF, Tang WL, Qi XW, Wang X, Liu RC, Fang HL, Chen ZQ, Liang CY, Wu W. Transcriptome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the JAZ Gene Family in Mentha canadensis L. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168859. [PMID: 34445565 PMCID: PMC8396335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins are the crucial transcriptional repressors in the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling process, and they play pervasive roles in plant development, defense, and plant specialized metabolism. Although numerous JAZ gene families have been discovered across several plants, our knowledge about the JAZ gene family remains limited in the economically and medicinally important Chinese herb Mentha canadensis L. Here, seven non-redundant JAZ genes named McJAZ1–McJAZ7 were identified from our reported M. canadensis transcriptome data. Structural, amino acid composition, and phylogenetic analysis showed that seven McJAZ proteins contained the typical zinc-finger inflorescence meristem (ZIM) domain and JA-associated (Jas) domain as conserved as those in other plants, and they were clustered into four groups (A-D) and distributed into five subgroups (A1, A2, B1, B2, and D). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that seven McJAZ genes displayed differential expression patterns in M. canadensis tissues, and preferentially expressed in flowers. Furthermore, the McJAZ genes expression was differentially induced after Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment, and their transcripts were variable and up- or down-regulated under abscisic acid (ABA), drought, and salt treatments. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that McJAZ proteins are localized in the nucleus or cytoplasm. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays demonstrated that McJAZ1-5 interacted with McCOI1a, a homolog of Arabidopsis JA receptor AtCOI1, in a coronatine-dependent manner, and most of McJAZ proteins could also form homo- or heterodimers. This present study provides valuable basis for functional analysis and exploitation of the potential candidate McJAZ genes for developing efficient strategies for genetic improvement of M. canadensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Bei Xu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.-L.T.); (X.W.); (R.-C.L.)
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.-N.M.); (X.-W.Q.); (H.-L.F.); (Z.-Q.C.)
- Correspondence: (D.-B.X.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Ya-Nan Ma
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.-N.M.); (X.-W.Q.); (H.-L.F.); (Z.-Q.C.)
| | - Teng-Fei Qin
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China;
| | - Wei-Lin Tang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.-L.T.); (X.W.); (R.-C.L.)
| | - Xi-Wu Qi
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.-N.M.); (X.-W.Q.); (H.-L.F.); (Z.-Q.C.)
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.-L.T.); (X.W.); (R.-C.L.)
| | - Rui-Cen Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.-L.T.); (X.W.); (R.-C.L.)
| | - Hai-Ling Fang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.-N.M.); (X.-W.Q.); (H.-L.F.); (Z.-Q.C.)
| | - Ze-Qun Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.-N.M.); (X.-W.Q.); (H.-L.F.); (Z.-Q.C.)
| | - Cheng-Yuan Liang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.-N.M.); (X.-W.Q.); (H.-L.F.); (Z.-Q.C.)
- Correspondence: (D.-B.X.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.-L.T.); (X.W.); (R.-C.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.-B.X.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.W.)
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10
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Mishra A, Gupta P, Lal RK, Dhawan SS. Assessing and integrating the transcriptome analysis with plant development, trichomes, and secondary metabolites yield potential in Mentha arvensisL. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 162:517-530. [PMID: 33773228 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mentha arvensisL. (corn mint) is well known for the production of menthol, a used commodity in flavouring industries, and provides natural fragrances. Glandular trichomes are responsible for producing specific secondary metabolites in vascular plants having species chemistry. Ten cultivars/varieties of M. arvensis, namely, Saksham, Kosi, Himalaya, Gomti, Sambhav, Kalka, Damroo, Kushal, and Shivalik, were used to study the developmental regulation of trichomes, essential oil yield, chemical constituents of essential oil and morphological parameters were estimated with gene expression using a randomized block design. Simultaneously, RNA sequence-based transcriptome analysis was done to reveal the transcription factors and differential gene analysis, which are responsible for the biosynthesis of essential oil as well as trichome development. Plant growth showed the maximum transition between 35 and 50 days stage, while essential oil and its metabolite bioconversion was observed in between 70 and 100 days stage. Glandular trichomes were maximally increased between 50, 70 days, and 100 days stage in var. Kosi followed by var. Saryu which has rapid growth in oil content. Menthol reductase activity was found to be a regulatory element during development, as it follows the inverse trend of menthol content and leads to menthol accumulation in subcuticular spaces. Transcriptional factors, cog, and nonredundant novel genes were identified. The composition of mintessential oils is regulated at multiple levels, including transcript abundance, catalytic properties of enzyme catalysts, and cell type-specific epigenetic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Mishra
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR- Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, U P, 226016, India
| | - Pankhuri Gupta
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR- Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, U P, 226016, India
| | - R K Lal
- Genetics and Plant Breeding CSIR- Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, U P, 226016, India
| | - Sunita Singh Dhawan
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR- Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, U P, 226016, India.
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11
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Hwang HS, Adhikari PB, Jo HJ, Han JY, Choi YE. Enhanced monoterpene emission in transgenic orange mint (Mentha × piperita f. citrata) overexpressing a tobacco lipid transfer protein (NtLTP1). Planta 2020; 252:44. [PMID: 32876749 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Overexpression of the tobacco lipid transfer protein (NtLTP1) gene in transgenic orange mint resulted in enhanced accumulation of monoterpenes in the cavity of head cells of glandular trichomes, which resulted in enhanced emission of monoterpenes from transgenic orange mints. Plants in the genus Mentha (Lamiaceae) produce volatile oils that accumulate in peltate glandular trichomes in the aerial parts of plants. A lipid transfer protein (NtLTP1) in tobacco showed glandular trichome-specific expression and supported the secretion of diterpenoid lipids from head cells of glandular trichomes (Choi et al., Plant J 70:480-491,2012). Here, we constructed transgenic orange mint (Mentha × piperita f. citrata) overexpressing the tobacco NtLTP1 gene via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic lines of orange mint overexpressing NtLTP1 were confirmed by genomic PCR and RT-PCR. Immunoblotting analysis using an NtLTP1 polyclonal antibody showed clear dark spots at the position of the lipid exudates from tobacco glandular trichomes and the squeezed out lipids from the glandular trichomes of transgenic orange mint. Heads of glandular trichomes in transgenic plants overexpressing the NtLTP1 gene showed a larger diameter than those of the wild-type control. The enhanced size of trichome heads in transgenic orange mint was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Volatile components were extracted from wild-type and transgenic orange mint by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed by headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS/GC/MS). Linalyl acetate was the most abundant component among the eleven identified monoterpenes in the volatile compounds extracted from both the wild-type and transgenic lines of orange mint. Overexpression of NtLTP1 in transgenic orange mint plants resulted in enhanced emission of volatile monoterpenoids compared with that of volatile monoterpenoids in the wild-type control plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Su Hwang
- Division of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Babu Adhikari
- Division of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong Jo
- Division of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Han
- Division of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Eui Choi
- Division of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Ibáñez MA, Alvarez-Mari A, Rodríguez-Sanz H, Kremer C, González-Benito ME, Martín C. Genetic and epigenetic stability of recovered mint apices after several steps of a cryopreservation protocol by encapsulation-dehydration. A new approach for epigenetic analysis. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 143:299-307. [PMID: 31539759 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The genetic and epigenetic stability (analysis of DNA methylation using MSAP markers) of mint (Mentha x piperita L.) apices was studied after each step of a cryopreservation protocol, by encapsulation-dehydration. The effect of the addition of an antioxidant (ascorbic acid) during one of the protocol steps was also evaluated. Eight-week old in vitro recovered shoots from apices after each step of the protocol were genetically stable when compared to control in vitro shoots, using RAPD and AFLP markers. The addition of ascorbic acid in the medium with the highest sucrose concentration did not improve recovery and did not have any effect on stability. Apices sampled immediately after each step showed increased epigenetic differences as the protocol advanced, compared to in vitro control apices, in particular related to de novo methylation events. However, after one-day in vitro recovery, methylation status was similar to control apices. To improve the quality of methylation data interpretation, a simple and fast method for MSAP markers analysis, based on R programming, has been developed which allows the statistical comparison of treatments to control samples and its graphical representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Ibáñez
- Departamento de Economía Agraria, Estadística y Gestión de Empresas, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, nº 2 - 4, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Alvarez-Mari
- Departamento de Economía Agraria, Estadística y Gestión de Empresas, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, nº 2 - 4, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Héctor Rodríguez-Sanz
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, nº 2 - 4, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carolina Kremer
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, nº 2 - 4, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Elena González-Benito
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, nº 2 - 4, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Martín
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, nº 2 - 4, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Akhtar MQ, Qamar N, Yadav P, Kulkarni P, Kumar A, Shasany AK. Comparative glandular trichome transcriptome-based gene characterization reveals reasons for differential (-)-menthol biosynthesis in Mentha species. Physiol Plant 2017; 160:128-141. [PMID: 28188954 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The genes involved in menthol biosynthesis are reported earlier in Mentha × piperita. But the information on these genes is not available in Mentha arvensis. To bridge the gap in knowledge on differential biosynthesis of monoterpenes leading to compositional variation in the essential oil of these species, a comparative transcriptome analysis of the glandular trichome (GT) was carried out. In addition to the mevalonic acid (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway genes, about 210 and 196 different terpene synthases (TPSs) transcripts were identified from annotation in M. arvensis and M. × piperita, respectively, and correlated to several monoterpenes present in the essential oil. Six isoforms of (-)-menthol dehydrogenases (MD), the last enzyme of the menthol biosynthetic pathway, were identified, cloned and characterized from the transcriptome data (three from each species). Varied expression levels and differential enzyme kinetics of these isoforms indicated the nature and composition of the product, as these isoforms generate both (-)-menthol and (+)-neomenthol from (-)-menthone and converts (-)-menthol to (-)-menthone in the reverse reaction, and hence together determine the quantity of (-)-menthol in the essential oil in these two species. Several genes for high value minor monoterpenes could also be identified from the transcriptome data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Qussen Akhtar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Nida Qamar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Pallavi Yadav
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Pallavi Kulkarni
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Shasany
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
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14
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Mishra A, Lal RK, Chanotiya CS, Dhawan SS. Genetic elaborations of glandular and non-glandular trichomes in Mentha arvensis genotypes: assessing genotypic and phenotypic correlations along with gene expressions. Protoplasma 2017; 254:1045-1061. [PMID: 27515313 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-1011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mentha arvensis (corn mint) is well known for the production of menthol, a widely used commodity in pharma and flavoring industries and provides natural fragrances and products. Glandular trichomes are specialized hairs found on the aerial surface of vascular plants species producing specific secondary metabolite chemistry. Correlations were established among trichomes, oil yield, and major secondary metabolites. Nine improved, elite cultivars representing different M. arvensis genotypes were used for analysis. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were estimated; results indicated the presence of considerable amount of genetic variability, thereby emphasizing wide scope of selection. Positive and significant associations were found among glandular trichomes, oil yield, essential oil constituents, and leaf morphology itself, whereas morphological parameters of leaf show positive and negative correlations to average number of trichome and essential oil constituents. Average number of glandular, non-glandular trichomes, their ratios, menthol content, and trichome number showed a good heritability. Trichomes were studied microscopically in leaf parts in all varieties for analyzing their distribution pattern. The trichome number variations showed significant correlation throughout the genotypes with essential oil yield and monoterpenoid constituents. Differential changes were analyzed for Glutathione S-transferases, Glutathione reductase, Malondialdehyde, phenolics, and chlorophyll content. Gene expressions were analyzed for biosynthesis genes and selected transcription factors TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (TTG1), ENOLASE 1, GLABRA 3, GTL 1, NUCLEAR TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR Y SUBUNIT B-6, WRKY transcription factor 22, putative WRKY 33, WRKY 17, WRKY 1, and WRKY 65-like for harnessing their relation with trichome development in M. arvensis genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Mishra
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226015, India
| | - R K Lal
- Plant Breeding Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226015, India
| | - C S Chanotiya
- Analytical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226015, India
| | - Sunita Singh Dhawan
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226015, India.
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15
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Vining KJ, Johnson SR, Ahkami A, Lange I, Parrish AN, Trapp SC, Croteau RB, Straub SCK, Pandelova I, Lange BM. Draft Genome Sequence of Mentha longifolia and Development of Resources for Mint Cultivar Improvement. Mol Plant 2017; 10:323-339. [PMID: 27867107 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The genus Mentha encompasses mint species cultivated for their essential oils, which are formulated into a vast array of consumer products. Desirable oil characteristics and resistance to the fungal disease Verticillium wilt are top priorities for the mint industry. However, cultivated mints have complex polyploid genomes and are sterile. Breeding efforts, therefore, require the development of genomic resources for fertile mint species. Here, we present draft de novo genome and plastome assemblies for a wilt-resistant South African accession of Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds., a diploid species ancestral to cultivated peppermint and spearmint. The 353 Mb genome contains 35 597 predicted protein-coding genes, including 292 disease resistance gene homologs, and nine genes determining essential oil characteristics. A genetic linkage map ordered 1397 genome scaffolds on 12 pseudochromosomes. More than two million simple sequence repeats were identified, which will facilitate molecular marker development. The M. longifolia genome is a valuable resource for both metabolic engineering and molecular breeding. This is exemplified by employing the genome sequence to clone and functionally characterize the promoters in a peppermint cultivar, and demonstrating the utility of a glandular trichome-specific promoter to increase expression of a biosynthetic gene, thereby modulating essential oil composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Vining
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Sean R Johnson
- M. J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
| | - Amirhossein Ahkami
- M. J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
| | - Iris Lange
- M. J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
| | - Amber N Parrish
- M. J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
| | - Susan C Trapp
- M. J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
| | - Rodney B Croteau
- M. J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
| | - Shannon C K Straub
- Department of Biology, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Iovanna Pandelova
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - B Markus Lange
- M. J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA.
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16
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Shelepova OV, Semenova MV, Enina OL, Schanzer IA. [Genetic, phenotypic, and phytochemical polymorphism in Eastern European populations of Mentha arvensis L.]. Genetika 2017; 53:54-62. [PMID: 29372804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Variability of M. arvensis from five geographically distanced populations was examined using morphological traits and phytochemical composition of essential oil and with the help of DNA fingerprinting using ISSR markers. The population differentiation based on morphological traits was weak. Analysis of the essential oil composition provided the subdivision of the sample into three groups and, on the basis of the composition of ISSR amplicons, into four groups of specimens. A high degree of genetic polymorphism of M. arvensis and substantial, though incomplete, population differentiation were identified. It was demonstrated that the population of M. arvensis from the Komi Republic was the most genetically isolated, while the populations from Moscow and Penza provinces were weakly differentiated from each other. The population from the Republic of Belarus (near Grodno) was genetically and phytochemically considerably different from the other studied populations, although morphologically indistinguishable from them. We argue that the differentiation was caused not only by the isolation by distance but also owing to the formation of three different ecotypes adapted to different climatic conditions.
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17
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Toogood HS, Tait S, Jervis A, Ní Cheallaigh A, Humphreys L, Takano E, Gardiner JM, Scrutton NS. Natural Product Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli: Mentha Monoterpenoids. Methods Enzymol 2016; 575:247-70. [PMID: 27417932 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The era of synthetic biology heralds in a new, more "green" approach to fine chemical and pharmaceutical drug production. It takes the knowledge of natural metabolic pathways and builds new routes to chemicals, enables nonnatural chemical production, and/or allows the rapid production of chemicals in alternative, highly performing organisms. This route is particularly useful in the production of monoterpenoids in microorganisms, which are naturally sourced from plant essential oils. Successful pathways are constructed by taking into consideration factors such as gene selection, regulatory elements, host selection and optimization, and metabolic considerations of the host organism. Seamless pathway construction techniques enable a "plug-and-play" switching of genes and regulatory parts to optimize the metabolic functioning in vivo. Ultimately, synthetic biology approaches to microbial monoterpenoid production may revolutionize "natural" compound formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Toogood
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - S Tait
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Jervis
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, SYNBIOCHEM, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Ní Cheallaigh
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - L Humphreys
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - E Takano
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - J M Gardiner
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - N S Scrutton
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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18
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Liu Y, Luo SH, Schmidt A, Wang GD, Sun GL, Grant M, Kuang C, Yang MJ, Jing SX, Li CH, Schneider B, Gershenzon J, Li SH. A Geranylfarnesyl Diphosphate Synthase Provides the Precursor for Sesterterpenoid (C25) Formation in the Glandular Trichomes of the Mint Species Leucosceptrum canum. Plant Cell 2016; 28:804-22. [PMID: 26941091 PMCID: PMC4826006 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant sesterterpenoids, an important class of terpenoids, are widely distributed in various plants, including food crops. However, little is known about their biosynthesis. Here, we cloned and functionally characterized a plant geranylfarnesyl diphosphate synthase (Lc-GFDPS), the enzyme producing the C25 prenyl diphosphate precursor to all sesterterpenoids, from the glandular trichomes of the woody plant Leucosceptrum canum. GFDPS catalyzed the formation of GFDP after expression in Escherichia coli. Overexpressing GFDPS in Arabidopsis thaliana also gave an extract catalyzing GFDP formation. GFDPS was strongly expressed in glandular trichomes, and its transcript profile was completely in accordance with the sesterterpenoid accumulation pattern. GFDPS is localized to the plastids, and inhibitor studies indicated its use of isoprenyl diphosphate substrates supplied by the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway. Application of a jasmonate defense hormone induced GFDPS transcript and sesterterpenoid accumulation, while reducing feeding and growth of the generalist insect Spodoptera exigua, suggesting that these C25 terpenoids play a defensive role. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that GFDPS probably evolved from plant geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase under the influence of positive selection. The isolation of GFDPS provides a model for investigating sesterterpenoid formation in other species and a tool for manipulating the formation of this group in plants and other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Hong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P.R. China
| | - Axel Schmidt
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Guo-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Ling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P.R. China
| | - Marcus Grant
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ce Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P.R. China
| | - Min-Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Xi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P.R. China
| | - Bernd Schneider
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Sheng-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P.R. China
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19
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Roy T, Cole LW, Chang TH, Lindqvist C. Untangling reticulate evolutionary relationships among New World and Hawaiian mints (Stachydeae, Lamiaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 89:46-62. [PMID: 25888973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of polyploidy and hybridization usually results in novel genetic combinations, leading to complex, reticulate evolution and incongruence among gene trees, which in turn may show different phylogenetic histories than the inherent species tree. The largest tribe within the subfamily Lamioideae (Lamiaceae), Stachydeae, which includes the globally distributed Stachys, and one of the largest Hawaiian angiosperm radiations, the endemic mints, is a widespread and taxonomically challenging lineage displaying a wide spectrum of morphological and chromosomal diversity. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies have showed that while the Hawaiian mints group with Mexican-South American Stachys based on chloroplast DNA sequence data, nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) sequences suggest that they are most closely related to temperate North American Stachys. Here, we have utilized five independently inherited, low-copy nuclear loci, and a variety of phylogenetic methods, including multi-locus coalescence-based tree reconstructions, to provide insight into the complex origins and evolutionary relationships between the New World Stachys and the Hawaiian mints. Our results demonstrate incongruence between individual gene trees, grouping the Hawaiian mints with both temperate North American and Meso-South American Stachys clades. However, our multi-locus coalescence tree is concurrent with previous nrDNA results placing them within the temperate North American Stachys clade. Our results point toward a possible allopolyploid hybrid origin of the Hawaiian mints arising from temperate North American and Meso-South American ancestors, as well as a reticulate origin for South American Stachys. As such, our study is another significant step toward further understanding the putative parentage and the potential influence of hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting in giving rise to this insular plant lineage, which following colonization underwent rapid morphological and ecological diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilottama Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Logan W Cole
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Tien-Hao Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Charlotte Lindqvist
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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Cao L, Qin SS, Yuan Y, Zhu XQ. [Molecular identification of Mentha haplocalyx and Mentha spicata with specific primers multi-PCR system]. Zhong Yao Cai 2014; 37:41-45. [PMID: 25090701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen specific SNPs loci of Mentha haplocalyx and Mentha spicata,and then specific primers were designed to identify the two species and their mixture rapidly. METHODS PsbA-trnH sequences of Mentha haplocalyx and Mentha spicata were obtained by PCR product sequencing and downloading from GenBank. SNPs in the psbA-trnH sequences of Mentha haplocalyx and Mentha spicata were found by ClustulW program and Bioedit software. Primers for authentication of the two species were designed according to the SNP loci, and PCR reaction system was optimized to identify the original plants. RESULTS Multi-PCR reaction system was constructed. The 181 bp identification band for Mentha haplocalyx or(and) 288 bp identification band for Mentha spicata could be produced by a single PCR reaction,which showed good identification ability to the two species. CONCLUSION The multi-PCR reaction system can be applied to identify Mentha haplocalyx and Mentha spicata as well as their mixture.
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Jenderek MM, Holman GE, DeNoma J, Reed BM. Medium- and long-term storage of the Pycnanthemum (mountain mint) germplasm collection. Cryo Letters 2013; 34:490-496. [PMID: 24448768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The United States of America collection of mountain mint (Pycnanthemum Michx.) is held at the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) in Corvallis, Oregon as seed, potted plants and tissue cultures and a long-term storage collection is preserved at the USDA-ARS National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation (NCGRP) in Fort Collins, Colorado. The clonal collection is comprised of 34 accessions as potted plants that are duplicated with 31 accessions stored as in vitro cultures at 4 degrees C in tissue culture bags for medium-term storage at NCGR and as cryopreserved shoot tips in liquid nitrogen at NCGRP for long-term storage. This study reports on these two models of preservation of mountain mint at the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. In vitro plants required 2 to 7 months for propagation on MS medium without growth regulators before storage at 4 degrees C. Plants remained in storage with good vigour in bags on 1/2x nitrogen MS medium without growth regulators for a mean of 2.08 y. An encapsulation-dehydration protocol was successful for cryopreservation of shoot tips from cold acclimated in vitro plants. Post-cryo viability, indicated by shoot tips with developed leaves and roots, ranged from 60 to 100 % for 27 accessions and 40 to 50 % for the other four. The encapsulation-dehydration cryopreservation method proved suitable for long-term preservation of the 31 Pycnanthemum accessions. These alternative storage forms allow for active use of the collection as well as base storage for clonally propagated accessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Jenderek
- USDA-ARS National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 S. Mason St., Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.
| | - Gregory E Holman
- USDA-ARS National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 S. Mason St., Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Jeanine DeNoma
- USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Road, Corvallis, OR 97333-2521, USA
| | - Barbara M Reed
- USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Road, Corvallis, OR 97333-2521, USA
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Bose SK, Yadav RK, Mishra S, Sangwan RS, Singh AK, Mishra B, Srivastava AK, Sangwan NS. Effect of gibberellic acid and calliterpenone on plant growth attributes, trichomes, essential oil biosynthesis and pathway gene expression in differential manner in Mentha arvensis L. Plant Physiol Biochem 2013; 66:150-8. [PMID: 23514759 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research is going on throughout the world to find out new molecules from natural sources to be used as plant growth promoter. Mentha arvensis L. is the main source of menthol rich essential oil used commercially in various food, pharmaceutical and other preparations. Experiments were conducted on field grown plants for understanding the effect of calliterpenone (CA), a stereo-isomer of abbeokutone, in comparison to gibberellic acid (GA3) on growth attributes, trichomes, essential oil biosynthesis and expression of some oil biosynthetic pathway genes. The exogenous application of CA (1 μM, 10 μM and 100 μM) was found to be better in improving plant biomass and stolon yield, leaf area, branching and leaf stem ratio than with counterpart GA3 at the same concentrations. CA treated plants showed higher glandular trichome number, density and diameter and also correlated with enhanced oil biogenetic capacity as revealed by feeding labeled (14)C-sucrose for 72 h to excised shoots. Semi-quantitative PCR analysis of key pathway genes revealed differential up regulation under CA treatments. Transcript level of menthol dehydrogenase/menthone reductase was found highly up regulated in CA treated plants with increased content of menthone and menthol in oil. These findings demonstrate that CA positively regulated the yields by enhanced branching and higher density of trichomes resulting into higher accumulation of essential oil. The results suggest CA as a novel plant derived diterpenoid with growth promoting action and opens up new possibilities for improving the crop yields and essential oil biosynthesis in qualitative and quantitative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir K Bose
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, India
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Peterson CL, Kaufmann GS, Vandello C, Richardson ML. Parent genotype and environmental factors influence introduction success of the critically endangered Savannas Mint (Dicerandra immaculata var. savannarum). PLoS One 2013; 8:e61429. [PMID: 23593479 PMCID: PMC3622024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Species previously unknown to science are continually discovered and some of these species already face extinction at the time of their discovery. Conserving new and rare species in these cases becomes a trial-and-error process and conservationists will attempt to manage them by using knowledge of closely related species, or those that fill the same ecological niche, and then adapting the management program as needed. Savannas Mint (Dicerandra immaculata Lakela var. savannarum Huck) is a perennial plant that was discovered in Florida scrub habitat at two locations in 1995, but is nearly extinct at these locations. We tested whether shade, leaf litter, propagation method, parent genotype, parent collection site, planting date, and absorbent granules influenced survival, reproduction, and recruitment of Savannas Mint in a population of 1,614 plants that we introduced between June 2006 and July 2009 into a state protected site. Survival and reproduction of introduced plants, and recruitment of new plants, was higher in microhabitats in full sun and no leaf litter and lower in partially shaded habitats. The two sites from which parent plants were collected differentially influenced survival and reproduction of introduced plants. These differences in survival and reproduction are likely due to underlying genetic differences. Differential survival of progeny from different parent genotypes further supports the idea that underlying genetics is an important consideration when restoring plant populations. The most successful progeny of parent genotypes had survival rates nearly 12 times higher than the least successful progeny. We speculate that many of these environmental and genetic factors are likely to influence allopatric congeners and other critically endangered gap specialists that grow in Florida scrub and our results can be used to guide their conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Peterson
- Rare Plant Conservation Program, Bok Tower Gardens, Lake Wales, Florida, United States of America.
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Atsbaha Zebelo S, Bertea CM, Bossi S, Occhipinti A, Gnavi G, Maffei ME. Chrysolina herbacea modulates terpenoid biosynthesis of Mentha aquatica L. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17195. [PMID: 21408066 PMCID: PMC3052309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between herbivorous insects and plants storing terpenoids are poorly understood. This study describes the ability of Chrysolina herbacea to use volatiles emitted by undamaged Mentha aquatica plants as attractants and the plant's response to herbivory, which involves the production of deterrent molecules. Emitted plant volatiles were analyzed by GC-MS. The insect's response to plant volatiles was tested by Y-tube olfactometer bioassays. Total RNA was extracted from control plants, mechanically damaged leaves, and leaves damaged by herbivores. The terpenoid quantitative gene expressions (qPCR) were then assayed. Upon herbivory, M. aquatica synthesizes and emits (+)-menthofuran, which acts as a deterrent to C. herbacea. Herbivory was found to up-regulate the expression of genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis. The increased emission of (+)-menthofuran was correlated with the upregulation of (+)-menthofuran synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Atsbaha Zebelo
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Plant Biology, University of Turin,
Innovation Centre, Turin, Italy
| | - Cinzia M. Bertea
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Plant Biology, University of Turin,
Innovation Centre, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Bossi
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Plant Biology, University of Turin,
Innovation Centre, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Occhipinti
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Plant Biology, University of Turin,
Innovation Centre, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gnavi
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Plant Biology, University of Turin,
Innovation Centre, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Plant Biology, University of Turin,
Innovation Centre, Turin, Italy
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Uchendu EE, Reed BM. A comparative study of three cryopreservation protocols for effective storage of in vitro-grown mint (Mentha Spp.). Cryo Letters 2008; 29:181-188. [PMID: 18754058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the response of diverse mint genotypes to three commonly used cryopreservation techniques. Four mints [Mentha x piperita nothosubsp. citrata (Ehrh.) Briq.; M. canadensis L.; M. australis R. Br, and M. cunninghamii Benth] were cryopreserved using three protocols: controlled rate cooling (CC), encapsulation dehydration (ED) and PVS2 vitrification (VIT). Regrowth of mint species following controlled rate cooling (93 percent) was significantly (P < 0.0001) better than encapsulation dehydration (71 percent) and vitrification (73 percent). All four genotypes responded well to the controlled rate cooling protocol but there was some variability with the other two protocols. Genotype specific response to the individual protocols showed that there were significant differences in the recovery of Mentha x piperita nothosubsp. citrata and M. australis with CC > VIT > ED. There were also significant differences in the recovery of M. cunninghamii and M. canadensis, with CC and ED significantly better than VIT. Regrowth of the shoot tips of these mints ranged from 60 percent to 95 percent for all but one treatment. The overall results of this study compare favorably to other techniques. These improved results may be due to a combination of favorable growth conditions, cold acclimation and recovery medium. Controlled rate cooling was the most successful technique for the storage of these diverse mint genotypes; however recovery of shoot tips from VIT and ED was high and these techniques could also be used for cryogenic storage of mint germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther E Uchendu
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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Slanc P, Ravnikar M, Strukelj B. Identification of individual herbal drugs in tea mixtures using restriction analysis of ITS DNA and real-time PCR. Pharmazie 2006; 61:912-5. [PMID: 17152982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We have studied a sedative tea made of Valerianae radix (Valeriana officinalis L.), Lupuli strobuli (Humulus lupulus L.), Melissae folium (Melissa officinalis L.) and Menthae piperitae folium (Mentha piperita L.). In order to identify the constituent drugs a method was established involving amplification of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA on the basis of restriction analysis and real-time PCR. ITS regions of individual drugs were amplified and sequenced. Restriction analysis was performed with selected restriction endonucleases Nae I, PshA I and Xcm I. Real-time PCR was carried out, using primers specifically designed for each individual herbal drug. Real-time PCR proved to be a method for identifying individual herbal drugs in a tea mixture with a single DNA extraction in a single PCR run, since its limit of detection is lower than that for restriction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Slanc
- Dr Petra Slanc University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Lindqvist C, Scheen AC, Yoo MJ, Grey P, Oppenheimer DG, Leebens-Mack JH, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Albert VA. An expressed sequence tag (EST) library from developing fruits of an Hawaiian endemic mint (Stenogyne rugosa, Lamiaceae): characterization and microsatellite markers. BMC Plant Biol 2006; 6:16. [PMID: 16928278 PMCID: PMC1560379 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-6-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endemic Hawaiian mints represent a major island radiation that likely originated from hybridization between two North American polyploid lineages. In contrast with the extensive morphological and ecological diversity among taxa, ribosomal DNA sequence variation has been found to be remarkably low. In the past few years, expressed sequence tag (EST) projects on plant species have generated a vast amount of publicly available sequence data that can be mined for simple sequence repeats (SSRs). However, these EST projects have largely focused on crop or otherwise economically important plants, and so far only few studies have been published on the use of intragenic SSRs in natural plant populations. We constructed an EST library from developing fleshy nutlets of Stenogyne rugosa principally to identify genetic markers for the Hawaiian endemic mints. RESULTS The Stenogyne fruit EST library consisted of 628 unique transcripts derived from 942 high quality ESTs, with 68% of unigenes matching Arabidopsis genes. Relative frequencies of Gene Ontology functional categories were broadly representative of the Arabidopsis proteome. Many unigenes were identified as putative homologs of genes that are active during plant reproductive development. A comparison between unigenes from Stenogyne and tomato (both asterid angiosperms) revealed many homologs that may be relevant for fruit development. Among the 628 unigenes, a total of 44 potentially useful microsatellite loci were predicted. Several of these were successfully tested for cross-transferability to other Hawaiian mint species, and at least five of these demonstrated interesting patterns of polymorphism across a large sample of Hawaiian mints as well as close North American relatives in the genus Stachys. CONCLUSION Analysis of this relatively small EST library illustrated a broad GO functional representation. Many unigenes could be annotated to involvement in reproductive development. Furthermore, first tests of microsatellite primer pairs have proven promising for the use of Stenogyne rugosa EST SSRs for evolutionary and phylogeographic studies of the Hawaiian endemic mints and their close relatives. Given that allelic repeat length variation in developmental genes of other organisms has been linked with morphological evolution, these SSRs may also prove useful for analyses of phenotypic differences among Hawaiian mints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lindqvist
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Cathrine Scheen
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mi-Jeong Yoo
- Department of Botany, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Paris Grey
- Department of Botany, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - James H Leebens-Mack
- Department of Biology and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- Department of Botany, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Victor A Albert
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
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Gobert V, Moja S, Taberlet P, Wink M. Heterogeneity of three molecular data partition phylogenies of mints related to M. x piperita (Mentha; Lamiaceae). Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2006; 8:470-85. [PMID: 16917980 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-924043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phylogenetic reconstructions with molecular tools are now widely used, thanks to advances in PCR and sequencing technologies. The choice of the molecular target still remains a problem because too few comparative data are available. This is particularly true for hybrid taxa, where differential introgression of genome parts leads to incongruity between data sets. We have studied the potential of three data partitions to reconstruct the phylogeny of mints related to M. x piperita. These included nuclear DNA (ITS), chloroplast DNA (non-coding regions trnL intron, intergenic spacers trnL-trnF, and psbA-trnH), and AFLP and ISSR, markers. The taxonomic sampling was composed of hybrids, diploid and polyploid genomes. Since the genealogy of cultivated mint hybrids is known, they represent a model group to compare the usefulness of various molecular markers for phylogeny inference. Incongruities between ITS, chloroplast DNA, and AFLP-ISSR phylogenetic trees were recorded, although DNA fingerprinting data were congruent with morphological classification. Evidence of chloroplast capture events was obtained for M. x piperita. Direct sequencing of ITS led to biased results because of the existence of pseudogenes. Sequencing of cloned ITS further failed to provide evidence of the existence of the two parental copy types for M. x piperita, a sterile hybrid that has had no opportunity for concerted evolution of ITS copies. AFLP-ISSR data clustered M. x piperita with the parent that had the largest genome. This study sheds light on differential of introgression of different genome regions in mint hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gobert
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées aux Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales (LBVPAM) EA3061, Université Jean Monnet, 23 rue du Docteur Paul Michelon, 42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 02, France
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Shasany AK, Darokar MP, Dhawan S, Gupta AK, Gupta S, Shukla AK, Patra NK, Khanuja SPS. Use of RAPD and AFLP markers to identify inter- and intraspecific hybrids of Mentha. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 96:542-9. [PMID: 16135712 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esi091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Three controlled crosses were carried out involving Mentha arvensis and Mentha spicata [M. spicata CIMAP/C30 x M. spicata CIMAP/C33 (cv. Neera); M. arvensis CIMAP/C18 x CIMAP/C17 (cv. Kalka); and M. arvensis CIMAP/C17 x M. spicata CIMAP/C33]. The parents were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis with 80 primers, and polymorphic primers were tested for detecting coinherited RAPD profiles among the progeny of these crosses. Of 50 seedlings tested from each intraspecific cross, all demonstrated dominant profiles with the selected RAPD primers except the detected hybrid from respective crosses. Coinherited markers could be detected with the primers OPJ 01, MAP 06, OPT 08, and OPO 20 for M. arvensis; OPJ 05, OPJ 14, OPO 19, and OPT 09 for M. spicata; and OPJ 07, OPJ 10, OPJ 11, OPJ 14, and OPO 02 for the cross M. arvensis x M. spicata. In our amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, 40 coinherited marker fragments were identified for the cross involving M. arvensis, 32 for the cross involving M. spicata, and 41 for the interspecific cross between M. arvensis and M. spicata. In all crosses, similarity values between the parents were less than those between the parents and the hybrids. Although RAPD markers are generally considered dominant, it is possible to identify a few codominant markers that behave like restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. This molecular marker system may be helpful in rapidly screening out hybrids in crops where cross-pollination is a problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Shasany
- Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
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