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Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Dziurka M, Blažević I, Đulović A, Granica S, Korona-Glowniak I, Ekiert H, Szopa A. Phytochemical and Biological Activity Studies on Nasturtium officinale (Watercress) Microshoot Cultures Grown in RITA ® Temporary Immersion Systems. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225257. [PMID: 33187324 PMCID: PMC7696031 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The main compounds in both extracts were gluconasturtiin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin and rutoside, the amounts of which were, respectively, determined as 182.93, 58.86 and 23.24 mg/100 g dry weight (DW) in biomass extracts and 640.94, 23.47 and 7.20 mg/100 g DW in plant herb extracts. The antioxidant potential of all the studied extracts evaluated using CUPRAC (CUPric Reducing Antioxidant Activity), FRAP (Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma), and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assays was comparable. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was tested based on the inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and phospholipase A2. The results demonstrate significantly higher inhibition of COX-2 for in vitro cultured biomass compared with the herb extracts (75.4 and 41.1%, respectively). Moreover, all the studied extracts showed almost similar antibacterial and antifungal potential. Based on these findings, and due to the fact that the growth of in vitro microshoots is independent of environmental conditions and unaffected by environmental pollution, we propose that biomass that can be rapidly grown in RITA® bioreactors can serve as an alternative source of bioactive compounds with valuable biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.-S.); (H.E.)
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Ivica Blažević
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.B.); (A.Đ.)
| | - Azra Đulović
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.B.); (A.Đ.)
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis and Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Izabela Korona-Glowniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.-S.); (H.E.)
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.-S.); (H.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-620-5436
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Bayrami A, Ghorbani E, Rahim Pouran S, Habibi-Yangjeh A, Khataee A, Bayrami M. Enriched zinc oxide nanoparticles by Nasturtium officinale leaf extract: Joint ultrasound-microwave-facilitated synthesis, characterization, and implementation for diabetes control and bacterial inhibition. Ultrason Sonochem 2019; 58:104613. [PMID: 31450359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The leaf extract of a medicinally important plant, watercress (Nasturtium officinale), was obtained through an ultrasound-facilitated method and utilized for the preparation of ZnO nanoparticles via a joint ultrasound-microwave assisted procedure. The characteristics of the extract enriched nanoparticles (Ext/ZnO) were determined by SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX, BET, FTIR, TGA, and UV-Vis DRS analyses and compared to that of ZnO prepared in the absence of the extract (ZnO). The presence of carbon and carbonaceous bonds, changes in the morphology, size, band gap energy, and weight-decay percentage were a number of differences between ZnO and Ext/ZnO that confirmed the link of extract over nanoparticles. Ext/ZnO, watercress leaf extract, ZnO, and insulin therapies were administrated to treat alloxan-diabetic Wister rats and their healing effectiveness results were compared to one another. The serum levels of the main diabetic indices such as insulin, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile (total triglyceride, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were estimated for healthy, diabetic, and the rats rehabilitated with the studied therapeutic agents. The watercress extract-enriched ZnO nanoparticles offered the best performance and suppressed the diabetic status of rats. Moreover, both ZnO samples satisfactory inhibited the activities of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Based on the results, the application of Nasturtium officinale leaf extract can strongly empower ZnO nanoparticles towards superior antidiabetic and enhanced antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Bayrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Elham Ghorbani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Shima Rahim Pouran
- Centre of Advanced Manufacturing and Materials Processing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Aziz Habibi-Yangjeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran; Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Mahdi Bayrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran
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Zhang X, Zhang F, Wang J, Lin L, Liao M, Tang Y, Sun G, Wang X, Lv X, Deng Q, Chen C, Ren W. Cutting after grafting affects the growth and cadmium accumulation of Nasturtium officinale. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:15436-15442. [PMID: 30937751 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04977-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The growth and cadmium (Cd) accumulation of emergent plant Nasturtium officinale R. Br. cuttings taken from plants grafted onto rootstocks of four terrestrial Cruciferae species were studied in a pot experiment. Scions from N. officinale seedlings were grafted onto rootstocks of Brassica chinensis L., Raphanus sativus L., Brassica napus L., and Rorippa dubia (Pers.) H. Hara. Cuttings were taken after 1 month and grown in Cd-contaminated soil (10 mg Cd kg-1) for 60 days. Compared with non-grafted N. officinale, grafting onto R. sativus and B. napus rootstocks increased the root, shoot, and whole plant biomasses of N. officinale cuttings. Brassica napus rootstock was more effective than R. sativus rootstock for increasing the biomass of N. officinale cuttings. The four rootstocks decreased or had no significant effect on photosynthetic pigment contents in N. officinale cuttings compared with non-grafted N. officinale. Only grafting onto B. napus rootstock enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities. Compared with non-grafted N. officinale, R. sativus and B. napus rootstocks decreased the Cd contents in roots and shoots of N. officinale cuttings, whereas the other rootstocks had no significant effect on the shoot Cd content. The four rootstocks had no increase effects on Cd extraction by N. officinale cuttings. Therefore, cutting after grafting did not enhance the phytoremediation ability of N. officinale for growth in Cd-contaminated soil. However, R. sativus and B. napus rootstocks decreased the Cd content in N. officinale cuttings, which offers a potential approach for N. officinale safety production as a wild vegetable in Cd-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fenqin Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biological Technology, Hexi University, Zhangye, Gansu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijin Lin
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ming'an Liao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guochao Sun
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiulan Lv
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qunxian Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Maize Research Institute, Neijiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Neijiang, Sichuan, China
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Asfaram A, Ghaedi M, Javadian H, Goudarzi A. Cu- and S- @SnO 2 nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon for efficient ultrasound assisted dispersive µSPE-spectrophotometric detection of quercetin in Nasturtium officinale extract and fruit juice samples: CCD-RSM design. Ultrason Sonochem 2018; 47:1-9. [PMID: 29908597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, and efficient method of dispersive micro solid phase extraction (D-μ-SPE) combined with UV-Vis spectrophotometry via ultrasound-assisted (UA) was applied for the determination and preconcentration of quercetin in extract of watercress (Nasturtium officinale), fruit juice and water samples. The sorbent in this method was synthesized by doping copper and sulfide into the tetragonal structure of SnO2-nanoparticles (Cu- and S- @SnO2-NPs) and subsequently loading it on activated carbon (AC). The D-μ-SPE parameters with direct effect on the extraction efficiency of the targeted analyte, such as sample pH, volume of eluent, sorbent mass and ultrasound time were optimized using central composite design method. Under optimized conditions, the calibration graph for quercetin was linear in the range of 20-4000 ng mL-1; the limit of detection and quantitation were 4.35 and 14.97 ng mL-1, respectively and the enrichment factor was 95.24. Application of this method to analyze spiked extract, fruit juice and water samples resulted in acceptable recovery values ranging from 90.3% to 97.28% with intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviation values lower than 6.0% in all cases. Among the equilibrium isotherms tested, Langmuir was found to be the best fitted model with maximum sorption capacity of 39.37 mg g-1, suggesting a homogeneous mode of sorption for quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Asfaram
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
| | - Mehrorang Ghaedi
- Department of Chemistry, Yasouj University, Yasouj 75918-74831, Iran.
| | - Hamedreza Javadian
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Department of Chemical Engineering, ETSEIB, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alireza Goudarzi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan 49188-88369, Iran
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Dayalan Naidu S, Suzuki T, Yamamoto M, Fahey JW, Dinkova‐Kostova AT. Phenethyl Isothiocyanate, a Dual Activator of Transcription Factors NRF2 and HSF1. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700908. [PMID: 29710398 PMCID: PMC6175120 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables are rich sources of glucosinolates which are the biogenic precursor molecules of isothiocyanates (ITCs). The relationship between the consumption of cruciferous vegetables and chemoprotection has been widely documented in epidemiological studies. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) occurs as its glucosinolate precursor gluconasturtiin in the cruciferous vegetable watercress (Nasturtium officinale). PEITC has multiple biological effects, including activation of cytoprotective pathways, such as those mediated by the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2) and the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), and can cause changes in the epigenome. However, at high concentrations, PEITC leads to accumulation of reactive oxygen species and cytoskeletal changes, resulting in cytotoxicity. Underlying these activities is the sulfhydryl reactivity of PEITC with cysteine residues in its protein targets. This chemical reactivity highlights the critical importance of the dose of PEITC for achieving on-target selectivity, which should be carefully considered in the design of future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharadha Dayalan Naidu
- Cullman Chemoprotection CenterJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21205USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA
| | - Takafumi Suzuki
- Department of Medical BiochemistryTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendai980‐8575Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical BiochemistryTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendai980‐8575Japan
| | - Jed W. Fahey
- Cullman Chemoprotection CenterJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21205USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA
- Department of MedicineDivision of Clinical PharmacologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA
- Department of International HealthCenter for Human NutritionJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD21205USA
| | - Albena T. Dinkova‐Kostova
- Cullman Chemoprotection CenterJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21205USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA
- Department of MedicineDivision of Clinical PharmacologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA
- Jacqui Wood Cancer CentreDivision of Cancer ResearchSchool of MedicineUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD1 9SYScotlandUK
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Kwak SY, Giraldo JP, Wong MH, Koman VB, Lew TTS, Ell J, Weidman MC, Sinclair RM, Landry MP, Tisdale WA, Strano MS. A Nanobionic Light-Emitting Plant. Nano Lett 2017; 17:7951-7961. [PMID: 29148804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of living plants for visible light emission and sustainable illumination is compelling because plants possess independent energy generation and storage mechanisms and autonomous self-repair. Herein, we demonstrate a plant nanobionic approach that enables exceptional luminosity and lifetime utilizing four chemically interacting nanoparticles, including firefly luciferase conjugated silica (SNP-Luc), d-luciferin releasing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA-LH2), coenzyme A functionalized chitosan (CS-CoA) and semiconductor nanocrystal phosphors for longer wavelength modulation. An in vitro kinetic model incorporating the release rates of the nanoparticles is developed to maximize the chemiluminescent lifetimes to exceed 21.5 h. In watercress (Nasturtium officinale) and other species, the nanoparticles circumvent limitations such as luciferin toxicity above 400 μM and colocalization of enzymatic reactions near high adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Pressurized bath infusion of nanoparticles (PBIN) is introduced to deliver a mixture of nanoparticles to the entire living plant, well described using a nanofluidic mathematical model. We rationally design nanoparticle size and charge to control localization within distinct tissues compartments with 10 nm nanoparticles localizing within the leaf mesophyll and stomata guard cells, and those larger than 100 nm segregated in the leaf mesophyll. The results are mature watercress plants that emit greater than 1.44 × 1012 photons/sec or 50% of 1 μW commercial luminescent diodes and modulate "off" and "on" states by chemical addition of dehydroluciferin and coenzyme A, respectively. We show that CdSe nanocrystals can shift the chemiluminescent emission to 760 nm enabling near-infrared (nIR) signaling. These results advance the viability of nanobionic plants as self-powered photonics, direct and indirect light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Yeong Kwak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Aveue, Cambridge, Massachusetts United States
| | - Juan Pablo Giraldo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Aveue, Cambridge, Massachusetts United States
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California , 3401 Watkins Drive, Riverside, California United States
| | - Min Hao Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Aveue, Cambridge, Massachusetts United States
| | - Volodymyr B Koman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Aveue, Cambridge, Massachusetts United States
| | - Tedrick Thomas Salim Lew
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Aveue, Cambridge, Massachusetts United States
| | - Jon Ell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Aveue, Cambridge, Massachusetts United States
| | - Mark C Weidman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Aveue, Cambridge, Massachusetts United States
| | - Rosalie M Sinclair
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Aveue, Cambridge, Massachusetts United States
| | - Markita P Landry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California , 201 Gilman Hall, Berkeley, California United States
| | - William A Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Aveue, Cambridge, Massachusetts United States
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Aveue, Cambridge, Massachusetts United States
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Li K, Lin L, Wang J, Xia H, Liang D, Wang X, Liao M, Wang L, Liu L, Chen C, Tang Y. Hyperaccumulator straw improves the cadmium phytoextraction efficiency of emergent plant Nasturtium officinale. Environ Monit Assess 2017; 189:374. [PMID: 28681323 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With the development of economy, the heavy metal contamination has become an increasingly serious problem, especially the cadmium (Cd) contamination. The emergent plant Nasturtium officinale R. Br. is a Cd-accumulator with low phytoremediation ability. To improve Cd phytoextraction efficiency of N. officinale, the straw from Cd-hyperaccumulator plants Youngia erythrocarpa, Galinsoga parviflora, Siegesbeckia orientalis, and Bidens pilosa was applied to Cd-contaminated soil and N. officinale was then planted; the study assessed the effect of hyperaccumulator straw on the growth and Cd accumulation of N. officinale. The results showed that application of hyperaccumulator species straws increased the biomass and photosynthetic pigment content and reduced the root/shoot ratio of N. officinale. All straw treatments significantly increased Cd content in roots, but significantly decreased Cd content in shoots of N. officinale. Applying hyperaccumulator straw significantly increased the total Cd accumulation in the roots, shoots, and whole plants of N. officinale. Therefore, application of straw from four hyperaccumulator species promoted the growth of N. officinale and improved the phytoextraction efficiency of N. officinale in Cd-contaminated paddy field soil; the straw of Y. erythrocarpa provided the most improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Lijin Lin
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Ming'an Liao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Li Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Li Liu
- Personnel Department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
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Pedras MSC, To QH. Defense and signalling metabolites of the crucifer Erucastrum canariense: Synchronized abiotic induction of phytoalexins and galacto-oxylipins. Phytochemistry 2017; 139:18-24. [PMID: 28390240 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Erucastrum canariense Webb & Berthel. (Brassicaceae) is a wild crucifer that grows in rocky soils, in salt and water stressed habitats, namely in the Canary Islands and similar environments. Abiotic stress induced by copper chloride triggered formation of a phytoalexin and galacto-oxylipins in E. canariense, whereas wounding induced galacto-oxylipins but not phytoalexins. Analysis of the metabolite profiles of leaves of E. canariense followed by isolation and structure determination afforded the phytoalexin erucalexin, the phytoanticipin indolyl-3-acetonitrile, the galacto-oxylipins arabidopsides A, C, and D, and the oxylipin 12-oxophytodienoic acid. In addition, arabidopsides A and D were also identified in extracts of leaves of Nasturtium officinale R. Br.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soledade C Pedras
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada.
| | - Q Huy To
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada
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Pereira LP, Silva P, Duarte M, Rodrigues L, Duarte CMM, Albuquerque C, Serra AT. Targeting Colorectal Cancer Proliferation, Stemness and Metastatic Potential Using Brassicaceae Extracts Enriched in Isothiocyanates: A 3D Cell Model-Based Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040368. [PMID: 28394276 PMCID: PMC5409707 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence is often attributable to circulating tumor cells and/or cancer stem cells (CSCs) that resist to conventional therapies and foster tumor progression. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) derived from Brassicaceae vegetables have demonstrated anticancer effects in CRC, however little is known about their effect in CSCs and tumor initiation properties. Here we examined the effect of ITCs-enriched Brassicaceae extracts derived from watercress and broccoli in cell proliferation, CSC phenotype and metastasis using a previously developed three-dimensional HT29 cell model with CSC-like traits. Both extracts were phytochemically characterized and their antiproliferative effect in HT29 monolayers was explored. Next, we performed cell proliferation assays and flow cytometry analysis in HT29 spheroids treated with watercress and broccoli extracts and respective main ITCs, phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and sulforaphane (SFN). Soft agar assays and relative quantitative expression analysis of stemness markers and Wnt/β-catenin signaling players were performed to evaluate the effect of these phytochemicals in stemness and metastasis. Our results showed that both Brassicaceae extracts and ITCs exert antiproliferative effects in HT29 spheroids, arresting cell cycle at G₂/M, possibly due to ITC-induced DNA damage. Colony formation and expression of LGR5 and CD133 cancer stemness markers were significantly reduced. Only watercress extract and PEITC decreased ALDH1 activity in a dose-dependent manner, as well as β-catenin expression. Our research provides new insights on CRC therapy using ITC-enriched Brassicaceae extracts, specially watercress extract, to target CSCs and circulating tumor cells by impairing cell proliferation, ALDH1-mediated chemo-resistance, anoikis evasion, self-renewal and metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucília P Pereira
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Silva
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E (IPOLFG, EPE), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Marlene Duarte
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E (IPOLFG, EPE), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Liliana Rodrigues
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Catarina M M Duarte
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Albuquerque
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E (IPOLFG, EPE), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana Teresa Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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Tran HTT, Márton MR, Herz C, Maul R, Baldermann S, Schreiner M, Lamy E. Nasturtium (Indian cress, Tropaeolum majus nanum) dually blocks the COX and LOX pathway in primary human immune cells. Phytomedicine 2016; 23:611-620. [PMID: 27161402 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasturtium (Indian cress, Tropaeolum majus) is known for its pharmacological value in the treatment of bacterial infections of the upper air tract and urinary bladder. However, scientific data on the anti-inflammatory potency in human-derived cells is missing. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of nasturtium to inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammatory response in primary human cells of the immune system. STUDY DESIGN The anti-inflammatory activities of nasturtium and its fractions were evaluated via regulation of arachidonic acid (AA) pathway and MAPK kinase cascade. Fraction H4 which was responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects was further characterized. METHODS Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were either treated with plant extracts or fractions thereof, stimulated with LPS and/or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and analysed for COX and LOX, release of prostaglandin PGE2, leukotriene LTB4, TNF-alpha and ERK signaling pathway activation. The plant extracts were separated into four fractions by HPLC; fraction H4 was subjected to UHPLC-ToF/MS analysis to identify potential bioactive compounds. RESULTS We found that aqueous extracts of nasturtium did exert strong concentration dependent suppression of LPS-triggered TNF-alpha release and COX pathway signaling, including PGE2 synthesis. Whereas COX-1 protein expression was not impacted, LPS-triggered COX-2 protein expression was concentration dependently blocked by the plant extract but not COX-2 enzyme activity. These findings suggest a mechanism of action for the plant extract which is different from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Moreover, the plant extract blocked leukotriene LTB4 release, the major end product of the 5-LOX pathway from PBMC. Down-regulation of ERK1/2 and c-Jun activation preceded COX-2 suppression upon plant extract treatment in the presence of LPS. Using HPLC separation of the aqueous extract followed by metabolomic analysis we could limit the number of relevant bioactive compounds in the extract to about 50. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a rationale for the anti-inflammatory efficacy of nasturtium observed in man and gives first insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoai Thi Thu Tran
- University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Molecular Preventive Medicine, Breisacher Strasse 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Molecular Preventive Medicine, Elsässerstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melinda-Rita Márton
- University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Molecular Preventive Medicine, Breisacher Strasse 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Herz
- University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Molecular Preventive Medicine, Breisacher Strasse 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Molecular Preventive Medicine, Elsässerstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Maul
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Evelyn Lamy
- University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Molecular Preventive Medicine, Breisacher Strasse 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Molecular Preventive Medicine, Elsässerstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
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Voutsina N, Payne AC, Hancock RD, Clarkson GJJ, Rothwell SD, Chapman MA, Taylor G. Characterization of the watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.; Brassicaceae) transcriptome using RNASeq and identification of candidate genes for important phytonutrient traits linked to human health. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:378. [PMID: 27206485 PMCID: PMC4875719 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2704-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consuming watercress is thought to provide health benefits as a consequence of its phytonutrient composition. However, for watercress there are currently limited genetic resources underpinning breeding efforts for either yield or phytonutritional traits. In this paper, we use RNASeq data from twelve watercress accessions to characterize the transcriptome, perform candidate gene mining and conduct differential expression analysis for two key phytonutritional traits: antioxidant (AO) capacity and glucosinolate (GLS) content. RESULTS The watercress transcriptome was assembled to 80,800 transcripts (48,732 unigenes); 71 % of which were annotated based on orthology to Arabidopsis. Differential expression analysis comparing watercress accessions with 'high' and 'low' AO and GLS resulted in 145 and 94 differentially expressed loci for AO capacity and GLS respectively. Differentially expressed loci between high and low AO watercress were significantly enriched for genes involved in plant defence and response to stimuli, in line with the observation that AO are involved in plant stress-response. Differential expression between the high and low GLS watercress identified links to GLS regulation and also novel transcripts warranting further investigation. Additionally, we successfully identified watercress orthologs for Arabidopsis phenylpropanoid, GLS and shikimate biosynthesis pathway genes, and compiled a catalogue of polymorphic markers for future applications. CONCLUSIONS Our work describes the first transcriptome of watercress and establishes the foundation for further molecular study by providing valuable resources, including sequence data, annotated transcripts, candidate genes and markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikol Voutsina
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Adrienne C Payne
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Robert D Hancock
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Graham J J Clarkson
- Vitacress Salads Ltd, Lower Link Farm, St Mary Bourne, Andover, SP11 6DB, UK
| | - Steve D Rothwell
- Vitacress Salads Ltd, Lower Link Farm, St Mary Bourne, Andover, SP11 6DB, UK
| | - Mark A Chapman
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Gail Taylor
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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12
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Gonda S, Kiss-Szikszai A, Szűcs Z, Nguyen NM, Vasas G. Myrosinase Compatible Simultaneous Determination of Glucosinolates and Allyl Isothiocyanate by Capillary Electrophoresis Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography (CE-MEKC). Phytochem Anal 2016; 27:191-8. [PMID: 27313156 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The functional food Cruciferous vegetables contain glucosinolates which are decomposed by the myrosinase enzyme upon tissue damage. The isothiocyanates are the most frequent decomposition products. Because of their various bioactivities, these compounds and the myrosinase is of high interest to many scientific fields. OBJECTIVE Development of a capillary electrophoresis method capable of myrosinase-compatible, simultaneous quantification of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates. METHODS Capillary electrochromatography parameters were optimised, followed by optimisation of a myrosinase-compatible derivatisation procedure for isothiocyanates. Vegetable extracts (Brussels sprouts, horseradish, radish and watercress) were tested for myrosinase activity, glucosinolate content and isothiocyanate conversion rate. Allyl isothiocyanate was quantified in some food products. RESULTS The method allows quantification of sinigrin, gluonasturtiin and allyl isothiocyanate after myrosinase compatible derivatisation in-vial by mercaptoacetic acid. The chromatograhpic separation takes 2.5 min (short-end injection) or 15 min (long-end injection). For the tested vegetables, measured myrosinase activity was between 0.960-27.694 and 0.461-26.322 µmol/min/mg protein, glucosinolate content was between 0-2291.8 and 0-248.5 µg/g fresh weight for sinigrin and gluconastrutiin, respectively. The possible specificity of plants to different glucosinolates was also shown. Allyl isothiocyanate release rate was different in different vegetables (73.13 - 102.13%). The method could also be used for quantification of allyl isothiocyanate from food products. CONCLUSIONS The presented capillary electrophoresis method requires a minimal amount of sample and contains only a few sample preparation steps, and can be used in several applications (glucosinolate determination, myrosinase activity measurement, isothiocyanate release estimation). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Gonda
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Kiss-Szikszai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Division of Instrumental Analysis, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szűcs
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nhat Minh Nguyen
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasas
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010, Debrecen, Hungary
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Kisten K, Gounden D, Moodley R, Jonnalagadda SB. Elemental distribution and uptake by watercress (Nasturtium aquaticum) as a function of water quality. J Environ Sci Health B 2015; 50:439-447. [PMID: 25844866 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.1011971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Watercress (Nasturtium aquaticum), is an edible plant commonly found in Southern Africa, which grows both in terrestrial and aquatic environments. The elemental concentrations in the plant and surrounding water (growth solution) were investigated to determine the plants nutritional value and to establish impact of water quality on elemental uptake by the plant. The concentrations in the leaves, roots and water were analyzed at eight different sites along the east coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (30.0000° S, 25.0000° E). Elemental concentrations in the leaves/roots (μg g(-1), dry mass) and water exchangeable/total (μg L(-1)) at Verulam (situated in the northern part of KwaZulu-Natal) were: As (1.2/7.5 and 0.053/0.09), Ca (18272/26091 and 0.336/7.15), Cd (0.9/0.8 and 0.004/0.01), Co (37.2/34 and 0/0), Cr (7/35 and 0.003/0.03), Cu (3/19 and 0.016/0.16), Fe (528/4308 and 0.375/0.6), Mg (3444/1141 and 6.4/7), Mn (110/667 and 0/0), Ni (20/63 and 0/0.01), Pb (16/17 and 0.01/0.02), Se (28/11 and 0.003/0.01) and Zn (102/116 and 0.099/0.36). Elemental uptake was controlled by the plant but water quality did have an impact on uptake. Concentrations of metals in the leaves were in decreasing order of Ca > Mg > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Pb > Se > Cd > As > Co. The watercress plant was found to be a rich source of essential elements especially Fe and Cr and contained low concentrations of the toxic metals investigated thereby making it safe for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimona Kisten
- a School of Chemistry and Physics , University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) , Durban , South Africa
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Otte T, Hilker M, Geiselhardt S. The effect of dietary fatty acids on the cuticular hydrocarbon phenotype of an herbivorous insect and consequences for mate recognition. J Chem Ecol 2014; 41:32-43. [PMID: 25516227 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0535-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile of the mustard leaf beetle Phaedon cochleariae is known to mediate mate recognition and is dependent on food plant species; beetles previously were shown to prefer mates that fed on the same plant species and which have a similar CHC pattern. In order to elucidate whether the pattern of ingested fatty acids affects the CHC pattern of P. cochleariae adults, we fed beetles: (a) with two different host plant species differing in fatty acid profile; and (b) artificial diets differing mainly in their composition of mono-, di-, and triunsaturated fatty acids. Analyses of the beetles' CHCs revealed that ingestion of different fatty acid blends results in quantitative effects on the beetle's straight-chain and methyl-branched CHCs. Interestingly, CHC patterns of males and females were affected differently by ingestion of fatty acids. In contrast to the effect on mating caused by feeding on different host plant species, beetles that were fed with different artificial diets, leading to different beetle CHC profiles, did not exhibit mating preference. We suggest that the occurrence of CHC-dependent assortative mating in P. cochleariae does not depend on the dietary fatty acids offered to the beetles in this study, but on other food constituents that affect CHC biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Otte
- Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Str. 9, 12163, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Agerbirk N, Olsen CE, Cipollini D, Ørgaard M, Linde-Laursen I, Chew FS. Specific glucosinolate analysis reveals variable levels of epimeric glucobarbarins, dietary precursors of 5-phenyloxazolidine-2-thiones, in watercress types with contrasting chromosome numbers. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:9586-96. [PMID: 25226408 DOI: 10.1021/jf5032795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Watercress obtained in food stores in the United States contained significant levels of epiglucobarbarin [(R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethylglucosinolate] and low levels of the 2S-epimer glucobarbarin identified by an HPLC+NMR+MS/MS approach. Typical combined levels were 4-7 μmol/g dry wt. The hydrolysis product, 5-phenyloxazolidine-2-thione (barbarin), was detected at similar levels as the precursor glucosinolates after autolysis of fresh watercress in water. Fragmentation patterns in MS(2) of reference desulfoglucosinolates were side chain specific and suitable for routine identification. Watercress was of two main glucosinolate chemotypes: Material from U.S. food stores had a complex profile including glucobarbarins, gluconasturtiin, indole glucosinolates and high levels (6-28 μmol/g dry wt.) of long-chain methylsulfinylalkyl and methylthioalkyl glucosinolates. Material from European food stores had a simple profile dominated by gluconasturtiin, with low levels of epiglucobarbarin and moderate levels of indole glucosinolates. Some wild U.S. material was similar to the U.S. food store type. Both types were found to be Nasturtium officinale by floral parts morphology. Cytological analysis of one U.S. food store accession indicated that it represented a chromosome-doubled variant within N. officinale. The nutritional consequences and invasive potential of the U.S. food store chemotype are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Agerbirk
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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16
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Davis TZ, Stegelmeier BL, Hall JO. Analysis in horse hair as a means of evaluating selenium toxicoses and long-term exposures. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:7393-7397. [PMID: 24829058 DOI: 10.1021/jf500861p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Horses are very susceptible to chronic selenosis if grazed on seleniferous forages for a prolonged period. In this study, mane and tail samples from horses that exhibited classical hoof lesions of chronic selenosis were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for selenium (Se) content. The horses had grazed for 6 months, from approximately May 15 until November 15, each year for three grazing seasons in a pasture containing seleniferous forages and water sources with elevated Se concentrations. The segmented hair samples showed a cyclic pattern in Se concentrations in the mane and tail, which corresponded to entering and exiting the contaminated pasture. The Se concentration in the tail of one horse could be traced for three grazing seasons. These results demonstrate that in some cases hair samples can be used to determine Se exposure in horses for up to 3 years postexposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zane Davis
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, United States
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Sadeghi H, Mostafazadeh M, Sadeghi H, Naderian M, Barmak MJ, Talebianpoor MS, Mehraban F. In vivo anti-inflammatory properties of aerial parts of Nasturtium officinale. Pharm Biol 2014; 52:169-174. [PMID: 24160746 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.821138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nasturtium officinale R. Br. (watercress) has long been used in Iranian folk medicine to treat hypertension, hyperglycemia, and renal colic. Moreover, anticancer, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties of N. officinale have been reported. OBJECTIVE In this study, anti-inflammatory activity of the hydro-alcoholic extract from aerial parts of N. officinale was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oral administration of the hydro-alcoholic extract of N. officinale (250, 500 and 750 mg kg(-1)) was investigated on two well-characterized animal models of inflammation, including carrageenan- or formalin-induced paw edema in rats. Then, the topical anti-inflammatory effect of N. officinale (2 and 5 mg/ear) was studied on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema. Finally, biopsy of the paw or ear was performed for pathological evaluation. RESULTS Acute toxicity tests of N. officinale in rats established an oral LD50 of >5 g kg(-1). The extract of watercress (250, 500 and 750 mg kg(-1)) significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after carrageenan challenge (p < 0.001). The extract (500 mg kg(-1)) also showed considerable activity against formalin-evoked paw edema over a period of 24 h (p < 0.001). Furthermore, topical application of N. officinale (5 mg/ear) reduced TPA-induced ear edema (p < 0.05). Histopathologically, the extract decreased swelling and the tissue damage induced by carrageenan or TPA. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our findings indicate potent anti-inflammatory activity of N. officinale in systemic and topical application and propose its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent for treatment of inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heibatollah Sadeghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences , Yasuj , Iran
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Falinski KA, Yost RS, Sampaga E, Peard J. Arsenic accumulation by edible aquatic macrophytes. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2014; 99:74-81. [PMID: 24210365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Edible aquatic macrophytes grown in arsenic (As)-contaminated soil and sediment were investigated to determine the extent of As accumulation and potential risk to humans when consumed. Nasturtium officinale (watercress) and Diplazium esculentum (warabi) are two aquatic macrophytes grown and consumed in Hawaii. Neither has been assessed for potential to accumulate As when grown in As-contaminated soil. Some former sugarcane plantation soils in eastern Hawaii have been shown to have concentrations of total As over 500 mg kg(-1). It was hypothesized that both species will accumulate more As in contaminated soils than in non-contaminated soils. N. officinale and D. esculentum were collected in areas with and without As-contaminated soil and sediment. High soil As concentrations averaged 356 mg kg(-1), while low soil As concentrations were 0.75 mg kg(-1). Average N. officinale and D. esculentum total As concentrations were 0.572 mg kg(-1) and 0.075 mg kg(-1), respectively, corresponding to hazard indices of 0.12 and 0.03 for adults. Unlike previous studies where watercress was grown in As-contaminated water, N. officinale did not show properties of a hyperaccumulator, yet plant concentrations in high As areas were more than double those in low As areas. There was a slight correlation between high total As in sediment and soil and total As concentrations in watercress leaves and stems, resulting in a plant uptake factor of 0.010, an order of magnitude higher than previous studies. D. esculentum did not show signs of accumulating As in the edible fiddleheads. Hawaii is unique in having volcanic ash soils with extremely high sorption characteristics of As and P that limit release into groundwater. This study presents a case where soils and sediments were significantly enriched in total As concentration, but the water As concentration was below detection limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Falinski
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States.
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Bahramikia S, Yazdanparast R. Antioxidant efficacy of Nasturtium officinale extracts using various in vitro assay systems. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2011; 3:283-90. [PMID: 21185544 DOI: 10.1016/s2005-2901(10)60049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasturtium officinale R. Br. (watercress), of the family Brassicaceae, has been long used as a home remedy or a medicinal plant by the people of southeastern Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of N. officinale extract using various in vitro assay systems, including the ferric reducing antioxidant power and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) assays, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide radical scavenging, and ferrous ion chelating activity, as well as the inhibitory effect on ferrous ion/ascorbate induced lipid peroxidation, in rat liver homogenate. The results revealed that N. officinale extract possesses potent reducing power in a ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, concentration-dependent scavenging ability on 2,2'-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide radicals, and hydrogen peroxide, as well as chelating ability on ferrous ions. Furthermore, N. officinale extract prevented thiobarbituric acid reactive substances formation in ferrous ion/ascorbate induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, this N. officinale extract had the phenolic and flavonoid contents of 96.2 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dried extract and 63.2 mg catechin equivalents/g dried extract, respectively. The cumulative results clearly indicate that N. officinale extract possesses potent antioxidant properties probably mediated through direct trapping of free radicals, reducing power, and also through metal chelating. Based on its antioxidative potential, N. officinale extract might find applications in the prevention of free radical-related diseases.
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Duman F, Ozturk F. Nickel accumulation and its effect on biomass, protein content and antioxidative enzymes in roots and leaves of watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.). J Environ Sci (China) 2010; 22:526-32. [PMID: 20617728 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(09)60137-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand its response towards nickel stress, watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) was exposed to nickel (1-25 mg/L) for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. The accumulation and translocation of nickel were determined and the influence of nickel on biomass, protein content and enzymatic antioxidants was examined for both roots and leaves. It was determined that N. officinale could accumulate appreciable amounts of Ni in both roots and leaves. Nickel accumulated particularly in the roots of plants. Biomass increased at low nickel concentrations but certain measurable change was not found at high concentrations. Under stress conditions the antioxidant enzymes were up-regulated compared to control. An increase in protein content and enzyme activities was observed at moderate exposure conditions followed by a decline at both roots and leaves. The maximum enzyme activities were observed at different exposure conditions. Our results showed that N. officinale had the capacity to overcome nickel-induced stress especially at moderate nickel exposure. Therefore, N. officinale may be used as a phytoremediator in moderately polluted aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Duman
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey.
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Saleem A, Walshe-Roussel B, Harris C, Asim M, Tamayo C, Sit S, Arnason JT. Characterisation of phenolics in Flor-Essence--a compound herbal product and its contributing herbs. Phytochem Anal 2009; 20:395-401. [PMID: 19609882 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Commercially available herbal mixture FE, a proprietary natural health product manufactured by Flora Manufacturing and Distributing Ltd (Flora), is a unique North American traditional herbal product. FE is a chemically complex mixture of eight herbs and has not been subjected to phytochemical analysis. OBJECTIVE To develop analytical methods to undertake detailed phytochemical analyses of FE, and its eight contributing herbs, including burdock (Arctium lappa L.), sheep sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.), Turkish rhubarb (Rheum palmatum L.), slippery elm Muhl. (Ulmus rubra), watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), blessed thistle (Cnicus benedictus L.) and kelp (Laminaria digitata Lmx.). METHODOLOGY The identification was undertaken by a combination of reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation-mass selective detection (RP-HPLC-DAD-APCI-MSD) analysis and phenolics metabolomic library matching. RESULTS New separation methods facilitated the identification of 43 markers in the individual herbs which constitute FE. Sixteen markers could be identified in FE originating from four contributing herbs including four caffeoyl quinic acids, three dicaffeoyl quinic acids and two caffeic acid derivatives from A. lappa, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin, five apigenin glycosides and apigenin from R. acetocella and N. officinale and sissostrin from T. pretense. A validated method for quantitative determination of three markers is reported with good intraday, interday and interoperator repeatability using a reliable alcohol based extraction technique. CONCLUSION FE and its contributing herbs predominantly contain phenolics. This methodology can be applied to further develop full-scale validation of this product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Saleem
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Reifenrath K, Müller C. Larval performance of the mustard leaf beetle (Phaedon cochleariae, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) on white mustard (Sinapis alba) and watercress (Nasturtium officinale) leaves in dependence of plant exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Environ Pollut 2009; 157:2053-2060. [PMID: 19278760 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Short-term exposure to ambient or attenuated ultraviolet (UV) radiation resulted in shifts in plant metabolite concentrations of the Brassicaceae Sinapis alba and Nasturtium officinale. Leaf quality also varied between plant species and within species due to age. Larvae of the oligophagous leaf beetle Phaedon cochleariae were raised on these different host leaves, in order to investigate the effects of variable plant chemistry on this herbivore. The performance of P. cochleariae was influenced by chemical differences between and within plant species but it responded with high plasticity to plants stressed by ultraviolet radiation. Body mass increase and developmental times of larvae were exclusively affected by plant species and leaf-age. However, developmental differences were fully compensated in the pupal stage. We suggest that the plasticity of herbivores may depend on the degree of specialisation, and insect performance may not necessarily be altered by stress-induced host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Reifenrath
- Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institut für Biowissenschaften, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 3, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany.
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Ozen T. Investigation of antioxidant properties of Nasturtium officinale (watercress) leaf extracts. Acta Pol Pharm 2009; 66:187-193. [PMID: 19719054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the in vitro and in vivo antioxidative properties of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaf of Nasturtium officinale R. Br. (watercress). Extracts were evaluated for total antioxidant activity by ferric thiocyanate method, total reducing power by potassium ferricyanide reduction method, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) radical scavenging activities, superoxide anion radical scavenging activities in vitro and lipid peroxidation in vivo. Those various antioxidant activities were compared to standards such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and alpha-tocopherol. The ethanolic extract was found as the most active in total antioxidant activity, reducing power, DPPH* radicals and superoxide anion radicals scavenging activities. Administration of the ethanol extract to rats decreased lipid peroxidation in liver, brain and kidney. These results lead to the conclusion that N. officinale extracts show relevant antioxidant activity by means of reducing cellular lipid peroxidation and increasing antioxidant activity, reducing power, free radiacal and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities. In addition, total phenolic compounds in the aqueous and ethanolic extract of N. officinale were determined as pyrocatechol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tevfik Ozen
- Giresun University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 28049, Giresun, Turkey.
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Camacho-Corona MDR, Ramírez-Cabrera MA, Santiago OG, Garza-González E, Palacios IDP, Luna-Herrera J. Activity against drug resistant-tuberculosis strains of plants used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat tuberculosis and other respiratory diseases. Phytother Res 2008; 22:82-5. [PMID: 17726732 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) kills about 3 million people per year worldwide. Furthermore, TB is an infectious disease associated with HIV patients, and there is a rise in multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) cases around the world. There is a need for new anti-TB agents. The study evaluated the antimycobacterial activity of nine plants used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat tuberculosis and other respiratory diseases. Nasturtium officinale showed the best activity (MIC = 100 microg/mL) against the sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The following plants were active also but at 200 microg/mL: Citrus sinensis, Citrus aurantifolia, Foeniculum vulgare, Larrea tridentata, Musa acuminata and Olea europaea. Contrary to the above data, activity against drug-resistant variants of M. tuberculosis was more evident, e.g. N. officinale was the most potent (MIC < or = 100 microg/mL) against the four mono-resistant variants tested; F. vulgare and O. europaea were active against all the resistant variants (MICs < or = 100 microg/mL). The most susceptible variant was the isoniazid resistant, being inhibited by C. aurantifolia, C. sinensis and O. europaea (MIC = 25 microg/mL). These data point to the importance of biological testing of extracts against drug-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates, and the bioguided assay of these extracts for the identification of lead compounds against MDR-TB isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Rayo Camacho-Corona
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mexico.
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Bahramikia S, Yazdanparast R. Effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of Nasturtium officinale leaves on lipid profile in high-fat diet rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 115:116-121. [PMID: 17980985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2007] [Revised: 09/12/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Nasturtium officinale R. Br. (Brassicaceae) is used as a home remedy in Iran as a cardioprotective agent without any scientific background. In this investigation an attempt was made to study the effect of Nasturtium officinale hydroalcoholic extract (NOE) on serum lipid profile which is closely associated with many cardiovascular diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Accordingly, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were among the parameters investigated. We also evaluated the activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels as a measure of hepatic cell damages. RESULTS Intragastric administration of NOE (500 mg/kg body weight per day) to groups of hypercholesterolaemic rats for 10 days lowered their serum TC, TG and LDL-C by 34.2, 30.1, and 52.9%, respectively, while raised the serum HDL-C level by 27.0% after 10 days of treatments. Treatment with NOE reduced serum ALT and AST levels compared to high-fat diet groups. CONCLUSIONS Based on these data, it is concluded that the NOE has definite cardioprotective potential and these results constitute a valid scientific basis for consuming Nasturtium officinale for medicinal application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seifollah Bahramikia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PO Box 13145-1384, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Kopsell DA, Barickman TC, Sams CE, McElroy JS. Influence of nitrogen and sulfur on biomass production and carotenoid and glucosinolate concentrations in watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.). J Agric Food Chem 2007; 55:10628-34. [PMID: 18052091 DOI: 10.1021/jf072793f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) is a perennial herb rich in the secondary metabolites of glucosinolates and carotenoids. 2-phenethyl isothiocyanate, the predominate isothiocyanate hydrolysis product in watercress, can reduce carcinogen activation through inhibition of phase I enzymes and induction of phase II enzymes. Sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) have been shown to influence concentrations of both glucosinolates and carotenoids in a variety of vegetable crops. Our research objectives were to determine how several levels of N and S fertility interact to affect watercress plant tissue biomass production, tissue C/N ratios, concentrations of plant pigments, and glucosinolate concentrations. Watercress was grown using nutrient solution culture under a three by three factorial arrangement, with three S (8, 16, and 32 mg/L) and three N (6, 56, and 106 mg/L) fertility concentrations. Watercress shoot tissue biomass, tissue %N, and tissue C/N ratios were influenced by N but were unaffected by changes in S concentrations or by the interaction of NxS. Tissue pigment concentrations of beta-carotene, lutein, 5,6-epoxylutein, neoxanthin, zeaxanthin, and the chlorophyll pigments responded to changes in N treatment concentrations but were unaffected by S concentrations or through N x S interactions. Watercress tissue concentrations of aromatic, indole, and total glucosinolate concentrations responded to changes in N treatments; whereas aliphatic, aromatic, and total glucosinolates responded to changes in S treatment concentrations. Individual glucosinolates of glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and gluconasturriin responded to N fertility treatments, while gluconapin, glucobrassicin, and gluconasturiin responded to changes in S fertility concentrations. Increases in carotenoid and glucosinolate concentrations through fertility management would be expected to influence the nutritional value of watercress in human diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean A Kopsell
- Plant Sciences Department, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA.
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Albrecht U, Goos KH, Schneider B. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a herbal medicinal product containing Tropaeoli majoris herba (Nasturtium) and Armoraciae rusticanae radix (Horseradish) for the prophylactic treatment of patients with chronically recurrent lower urinary tract infections. Curr Med Res Opin 2007; 23:2415-22. [PMID: 17723159 DOI: 10.1185/030079907x233089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy and safety of a herbal medicinal product containing Tropaeoli majoris herba and Armoraciae rusticanae radix in the prophylactic treatment of chronically recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), and to test whether the medicinal product decreases the incidence of relapses over the study period. METHODS A total of 219 adults aged between 18 and 75 years were screened and 174 patients enrolled. Of these 174 patients, a group of 45 patients were screening failures. Patients were randomised to receive either the study drug or placebo twice daily for 90 days. A UTI is confirmed by defined symptoms together with a laboratory result. The diagnosis of a new episode of a recurrent UTI included urine analysis from a central laboratory. The primary efficacy criterion - the number of recurrent UTIs over the study period - was tested between the treatment groups. RESULTS For the per-protocol population, the mean number of recurrent UTIs in the study period was 0.43 versus 0.77 for the placebo group. This result is statistically significant (p = 0.035). A total of 36 patients in the test group and 37 patients in the placebo group reported adverse events. Two serious adverse events were reported in the placebo group and one serious adverse event in the treatment group (not associated with the study medication). CONCLUSION This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial demonstrates the efficacy and safety of the herbal medicinal product Angocin Anti-Infekt N* in the prophylactic treatment of chronically recurrent UTIs.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate potential microbiological and metal contamination of watercress and to assess the public health risks associated with harvesting and consumption of watercress. METHOD During March and April 2000, samples were taken from 11 known or potential watercress collection sites in the Wellington region. Microbiological testing included bacterial counts for presumptive and faecal coliforms (watercress); total coliforms (growing water); and Escherichia coli (E. coli) and presence/absence tests for Campylobacter species (growing water and watercress). Watercress concentrations of a range of metals were also measured. RESULTS All of the sites showed significant levels of E. coli in samples of both watercress and water. The E. coli levels in water were well above recommended freshwater recreational contact safety guidelines at most sites. Campylobacter was detected in the growing waters at all sites (80% of the samples) and in 11% of the watercress samples. Mean metal concentrations in watercress did not exceed the NZ Food Regulations (1984) levels at any of the sites. However, lead concentrations at the urban sites and one of the semi-urban sites would have exceeded the new Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code maximum levels (2003). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The consumption of raw watercress contaminated with enteric pathogens could potentially cause serious gastrointestinal illness (e.g. campylobacteriosis) and people gathering watercress could also be at risk of infection from contact with contaminated surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Edmonds
- Hutt Valley District Health Board, New Zealand
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Conrad A, Kolberg T, Engels I, Frank U. [In vitro study to evaluate the antibacterial activity of a combination of the haulm of nasturtium (Tropaeoli majoris herba) and of the roots of horseradish (Armoraciae rusticanae radix)]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:842-9. [PMID: 17260672 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1296796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in-vitro antimicrobial properties of a commercialized preparation (Angocin Anti-Infekt N) containing a combination of the haulm of nasturtium (Tropaeoli majoris herba; N) and of the roots of horseradish (Armoraciae rusticanae radix; H). This preparation can be used to treat upper respiratory tract (URTI) and urinary tract infections (UTI). The active ingredients are volatile mustard oils, which are activated in the gastrointestinal tract after oral intake. Previous research has shown mustard oils derived from either N or H to possess antibacterial activity. METHODS In order to assess the antimicrobial capacity of phytotherapeutic compounds containing volatile mustard oils, a modified gas-test was used. Native preparations of N and H were applied to the lids of Columbia agar plates (ratio N:H = 2.5:1) and mixed with sterile H20. Thirteen different bacterial species including Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, methicillin-susceptible and resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA, MRSA) were tested (20 isolates each). The test organisms were plated onto the blood agar plates and placed above the native preparations. The plates were sealed with adhesive tape and incubated at 37 degrees C. Following incubation of 24 h and 92 h, colony forming units (CFU) were counted and the minimal inhibitory concentrationg (MIC90) was determined for each bacterial species. RESULTS Relevant antimicrobial activities of the combined native preparations were found against H. influenzae (MIC90 50 mg N / 20 mg H), M. catarrhalis (100 mg N / 40 mg H), E. coli (400 mg N / 160 mg H), P aeruginosa (400 mg N / 160 mg H), MSSA (400 mg N 1 160 mg H), MRSA (400 mg N / 160 mg H), and S. pyogenes (400 mg N / 160 mg H). CONCLUSION Antimicrobial testing of a combination of N and H revealed broad antibacterial activities against clinically relevant pathogens covering both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, thus confirming previous reports of the antibacterial properties of mustard oils. Additionally, this study demonstrated that the combination of N and H leads to synergistic activity in terms of improved Pseudomonas-susceptibility compared to the previous reported activities of the single compounds. Thus, these results prove that there is a rational basis for treatment of URTI and UTI with a combination of N and H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Conrad
- Institut für Umweltmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitäitsklinikum Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 115B, 79106 Freiburg/Brsg., Germany.
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Suzuki C, Ohnishi-Kameyama M, Sasaki K, Murata T, Yoshida M. Behavior of glucosinolates in pickling cruciferous vegetables. J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54:9430-6. [PMID: 17147429 DOI: 10.1021/jf061789l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Crucifer species, which include widely consumed vegetables, contain glucosinolates as secondary metabolites. Cruciferous vegetables are consumed in Japan in salt-preserved or pickled form as well as cooked and raw fresh vegetables. In this study, changes in contents of glucosinolates during the pickling process were investigated. 4-Methylthio-3-butenyl glucosinolate, a major glucosinolate in the root of Japanese radish, daikon (Raphanus sativus L.), was detected in pickled products with a short maturation period but not in those with a long maturation period. As a model pickling experiment, fresh watercress (Nasturtium officinale) and blanched watercress were soaked in 3% NaCl solution for 7 days. The results showed that the ratio of indole glucosinolates to total glucosinolates increased during the pickling process, whereas total glucosinolates decreased. Myrosinase digestion of glucosinolates in nozawana (Brassica rapa L.) indicated that indole glucosinolates, especially 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, were relatively resistant to the enzyme. The effect of pickling on glucosinolate content and the possible mechanism are discussed in view of degradation by myrosinase and synthetic reaction in response to salt stress or compression during the pickling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chise Suzuki
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Boyd LA, McCann MJ, Hashim Y, Bennett RN, Gill CIR, Rowland IR. Assessment of the Anti-Genotoxic, Anti-Proliferative, and Anti-Metastatic Potential of Crude Watercress Extract in Human Colon Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2006; 55:232-41. [PMID: 17044779 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc5502_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Although it is known to be a rich source of the putative anti-cancer chemicals isothiocyanates, watercress has not been extensively studied for its cancer preventing properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential chemoprotective effects of crude watercress extract toward three important stages in the carcinogenic process, namely initiation, proliferation, and metastasis (invasion) using established in vitro models. HT29 cells were used to investigate the protective effects of the extract on DNA damage and the cell cycle. The extract was not genotoxic but inhibited DNA damage induced by two of the three genotoxins used, namely hydrogen peroxide and fecal water, indicating the potential to inhibit initiation. It also caused an accumulation of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle indicating (possible) cell cycle delay at this stage. The extract was shown to significantly inhibit invasion of HT115 cells through matrigel. Component analysis was also carried out in an attempt to determine the major phytochemicals present in both watercress leaves and the crude extract. In conclusion, the watercress extract proved to be significantly protective against the three stages of the carcinogenesis process investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Boyd
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecualr Biosciences, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland.
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Goos KH, Albrecht U, Schneider B. [Efficacy and safety profile of a herbal drug containing nasturtium herb and horseradish root in acute sinusitis, acute bronchitis and acute urinary tract infection in comparison with other treatments in the daily practice/results of a prospective cohort study]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 56:249-57. [PMID: 16618018 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1296717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PATIENTS AND METHODS In a prospective cohort study from 251 centers in Germany patients with age of 4 years or above who were treated due to acute sinusitis, bronchitis or urinary tract infections (UTI) in the period from 1st March 2004 - 30th July 2005, were elected. They were included in the study analysis, if they had no exclusion criteria (severe diseases, need for antibiotic therapy, participation in another trial) and came to the final investigation. The patients were treated either with the nasturtium herb and horseradish root containing herbal drug Angocin Anti-Infekt N (test group, n = 1223) or with standard antibiotic therapy (control group, n = 426). Treatment, dosage and treatment duration were determined by the physician in accordance with the patient. 536 subjects (408 test, 128 control patients) suffered from acute sinusitis, 634 subjects (469 test, 165 control patients) from acute bronchitis and 479 subjects (346 test, 133 control patients) from UTI. At study start and end the severity of the symptoms were judged by the investigator and quantified with 4 scores (0 = no symptom, 3 severe symptom). During the treatment information on use of medication, concomitant procedures and adverse events (AEs) in a patient diary. At the end of the study (disease free or after 7-14 days) the patient returned to the investigator, who recorded the vital parameters, finally judged the treatment efficacy and potential persisting symptoms on the basis of score values. Primary efficacy criterion was the change of the complaints quantified by the change of the relative symptom score averaged over all symptoms and related to the baseline value. RESULTS In patients with acute sinusitis the mean relative reduction of the averaged symptom score was 81.3% for the test group and 84.6% for the control group, in patients with acute bronchitis the mean reduction was 78.3% for the test group and 80.3% for the control group, in patients with UTI 81.2% for the test group and 87.9% for the control group. The 95% confidence interval for the difference of the expected reductions between test and control group was -8.5% to 1.8% for acute sinusitis, 7.6% to 3.6% for acute bronchitis and -13.1% to -0.1% for UTI. Non-inferiority of the test treatment, i.e. if the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval is greater than 10%, could be stated for acute sinusitis and bronchitis. In UTI the non-inferiority level was exceeded only by 3%. Complementary procedures were less in the test group than in the control group. For 1.5 % of test patients and 6.8% of control patients AEs were observed CONCLUSION Therapy with the herbal drug in the indications acute sinusitis, acute bronchitis und acute urinary tract infection is - with regard to its efficacy comparable to the treatment with standard antibiotics. The application of supportive procedures and the administration of concurrent medication were less expressed in the group treated with the herbal drug. In the above mentioned indications the group treated with the herbal drug displayed a clear advantageous safety profile compared to the group treated with standard antibiotics.
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Engelen-Eigles G, Holden G, Cohen JD, Gardner G. The effect of temperature, photoperiod, and light quality on gluconasturtiin concentration in watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.). J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54:328-34. [PMID: 16417287 DOI: 10.1021/jf051857o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different growth regimes on gluconasturtiin concentration in watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) were investigated. Watercress plantlets at the 5th mature leaf stage (ca. 2 weeks old) were exposed to different day and night temperatures, to long (16 h) or short (8 h) days, to red (R) or far-red (FR) light given during the main long day photoperiod, and finally to R or FR light given at the end of the main photoperiod. Watercress plants grown under long days contained a 30-40% higher gluconasturtiin concentration and had a higher fresh weight than watercress plants grown under short days. Watercress plants grown under long days and temperatures of 15 or 10 degrees C had at least a 50% higher gluconasturtiin concentration, but a lower fresh weight, than that of plants grown at 20 or 25 degrees C. Watercress plants grown under metal halide light enriched with R light had approximately a 25-40% higher concentration of gluconasturtiin as compared to the FR-enriched plants. Likewise, a brief R light exposure at the end of the main photoperiod resulted in approximately a 25% or higher concentration of gluconasturtiin as compared to a FR end-of-day exposure. These data indicate that the concentration of gluconasturtiin in watercress can be significantly increased by growing plants at lower temperatures, under long days, and by exposure to R light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Engelen-Eigles
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, 1970 Folwell Avenue, 305 Alderman Hall, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
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Rose P, Huang Q, Ong CN, Whiteman M. Broccoli and watercress suppress matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity and invasiveness of human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005; 209:105-13. [PMID: 15953625 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2005.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2004] [Revised: 04/05/2005] [Accepted: 04/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A high dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables has been associated with a reduction in numerous human pathologies particularly cancer. In the current study, we examined the inhibitory effects of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and watercress (Rorripa nasturtium aquaticum) extracts on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced cancer cell invasion and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity using human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Aberrant overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases, including metalloproteinase-9, is associated with increased invasive potential in cancer cell lines. Our results demonstrate that extracts of broccoli and Rorripa suppressed TPA-induced MMP-9 activity and invasiveness in a concentration dependent manner as determined by zymographic analysis. Furthermore, fractionation of individual extracts followed by liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy analysis (LC-MS) revealed that the inhibitory effects of each vegetable were associated with the presence of 4-methysulfinylbutyl (sulforaphane) and 7-methylsulphinylheptyl isothiocyanates. Taken together, our data indicate that isothiocyanates derived form broccoli and Rorripa inhibit metalloproteinase 9 activities and also suppress the invasive potential of human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in vitro. The inhibitory effects observed in the current study may contribute to the suppression of carcinogenesis by diets high in cruciferous vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rose
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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Tan K, Anderson TA, Jones MW, Smith PN, Jackson WA. Accumulation of perchlorate in aquatic and terrestrial plants at a field scale. J Environ Qual 2004; 33:1638-1646. [PMID: 15356223 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2004.1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Previous laboratory-scale studies have documented perchlorate ClO(-)(4) uptake by different plant species, but less information is available at field scale, where ClO(-)(4) uptake may be affected by environmental conditions, such as distance to streams or shallow water tables, exposure duration, and species. This study examined uptake of ClO(-)(4) in smartweed (Polygonum spp.) and watercress (Nasturtium spp.) as well as more than forty trees, including ash (Fraxinus greggii A. Gray), chinaberry (Melia azedarach L.), elm (Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.), willow (Salix nigra Marshall), mulberry [Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent.], and hackberry (Celtis laevigata Willd.) from multiple streams surrounding a perchlorate-contaminated site. Results indicate a large potential for ClO(-)(4) accumulation in aquatic and terrestrial plants, with ClO(-)(4) concentration in plant tissues approximately 100 times higher than that in bulk water. Perchlorate accumulation in leaves of terrestrial plants was also dependent on species, with hackberry, willow, and elm having a strong potential to accumulate ClO(-)(4). Generally, trees located closer to the stream had a higher ClO(-)(4) accumulation than trees located farther away from the stream. Seasonal leaf sampling of terrestrial plants indicated that ClO(-)(4) accumulation also was affected by exposure duration, with highest accumulation observed in the late growing cycle, although leaf concentrations for a given tree were highly variable. Perchlorate may be re-released into the environment via leaching and rainfall as indicated by lower perchlorate concentrations in collected leaf litter. Information obtained from this study will be helpful to understand the fate of ClO(-)(4) in macrophytes and natural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Tan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79410, USA
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Palaniswamy UR, McAvoy RJ, Bible BB, Stuart JD. Ontogenic variations of ascorbic acid and phenethyl isothiocyanate concentrations in watercress (Nasturtium officinale R.Br.) leaves. J Agric Food Chem 2003; 51:5504-9. [PMID: 12926905 DOI: 10.1021/jf034268w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R.Br.) is the richest source of glucosinolate nasturtiin, which on hydrolysis produces phenethyl isothiocyante (PEITC). Interest in growing watercress is stimulated since demonstration of the role of PEITC in protection against cancers associated with tobacco specific carcinogens. Twenty-one days old watercress seedlings were transplanted into growth chambers (16-h days/8-h nights of 25/22 degrees C and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of approximately 265 micromol m(-2) s(-)(1)). The study was replicated three times. Leaves were analyzed for PEITC and ascorbic acid concentrations at transplant, and harvested at 10-days intervals until 60 days after transplant. The PEITC and ascorbic acid concentrations were the highest in leaves harvested at 40 days and the lowest at transplant. Leaves harvested at 40 days produced about 150% higher PEITC concentrations compared to the leaves at transplant. Both PEITC and ascorbic acid concentrations of leaves increased linearly with age until 40 days after transplant after which there was no significant increase. Seedlings at transplant had the lowest dry mass and leaf area, while plants harvested at 60 days had the highest dry mass and leaf area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha R Palaniswamy
- School of Allied Health-Asian American Studies, U-2101, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, U-4163, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
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Aslan M, Unlü MY, Türkmen N, Yilmaz YZ. Sorption of cadmium and effects on growth, protein content, and photosynthetic pigment composition of Nasturtium officinale R. Br. and Mentha aquatica L. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2003; 71:323-329. [PMID: 14560384 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-003-0167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Aslan
- Biology Department, University of Harran, 63100 Sanliurfa, Turkey
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