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Sireci S, Kocagöz Y, Alkiraz AS, Güler K, Dokuzluoglu Z, Balcioglu E, Meydanli S, Demirler MC, Erdogan NS, Fuss SH. HB-EGF promotes progenitor cell proliferation and sensory neuron regeneration in the zebrafish olfactory epithelium. FEBS J 2024; 291:2098-2133. [PMID: 38088047 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance and regeneration of the zebrafish olfactory epithelium (OE) are supported by two distinct progenitor cell populations that occupy spatially discrete stem cell niches and respond to different tissue conditions. Globose basal cells (GBCs) reside at the inner and peripheral margins of the sensory OE and are constitutively active to replace sporadically dying olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). In contrast, horizontal basal cells (HBCs) are uniformly distributed across the sensory tissue and are selectively activated by acute injury conditions. Here we show that expression of the heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is strongly and transiently upregulated in response to OE injury and signals through the EGF receptor (EGFR), which is expressed by HBCs. Exogenous stimulation of the OE with recombinant HB-EGF promotes HBC expansion and OSN neurogenesis in a pattern that resembles the tissue response to injury. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of HB-EGF membrane shedding, HB-EGF availability, and EGFR signaling strongly attenuate or delay injury-induced HBC activity and OSN restoration without affecting maintenance neurogenesis by GBCs. Thus, HB-EGF/EGFR signaling appears to be a critical component of the signaling network that controls HBC activity and, consequently, repair neurogenesis in the zebrafish OE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siran Sireci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogaziçi University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Yigit Kocagöz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogaziçi University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Aysu Sevval Alkiraz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogaziçi University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Kardelen Güler
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogaziçi University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Dokuzluoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogaziçi University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ecem Balcioglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogaziçi University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sinem Meydanli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogaziçi University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Can Demirler
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogaziçi University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | | | - Stefan Herbert Fuss
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogaziçi University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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2
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Abstract
Tsetse flies transmit trypanosomes-parasites that cause devastating diseases in humans and livestock-across much of sub-Saharan Africa. Chemical communication through volatile pheromones is common among insects; however, it remains unknown if and how such chemical communication occurs in tsetse flies. We identified methyl palmitoleate (MPO), methyl oleate, and methyl palmitate as compounds that are produced by the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans and elicit strong behavioral responses. MPO evoked a behavioral response in male-but not virgin female-G. morsitans. G. morsitans males mounted females of another species, Glossina fuscipes, when they were treated with MPO. We further identified a subpopulation of olfactory neurons in G. morsitans that increase their firing rate in response to MPO and showed that infecting flies with African trypanosomes alters the flies' chemical profile and mating behavior. The identification of volatile attractants in tsetse flies may be useful for reducing disease spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A.M. Ebrahim
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hany K.M. Dweck
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brian L. Weiss
- Dept. of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - John R. Carlson
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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3
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Corey EA, Zolotukhin S, Ache BW, Ukhanov K. Mixture interactions at mammalian olfactory receptors are dependent on the cellular environment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9278. [PMID: 33927269 PMCID: PMC8085013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional characterization of mammalian olfactory receptors (ORs) remains a major challenge to ultimately understanding the olfactory code. Here, we compare the responses of the mouse Olfr73 ectopically expressed in olfactory sensory neurons using AAV gene delivery in vivo and expressed in vitro in cell culture. The response dynamics and concentration-dependence of agonists for the ectopically expressed Olfr73 were similar to those reported for the endogenous Olfr73, however the antagonism previously reported between its cognate agonist and several antagonists was not replicated in vivo. Expressing the OR in vitro reproduced the antagonism reported for short odor pulses, but not for prolonged odor exposure. Our findings suggest that both the cellular environment and the stimulus dynamics shape the functionality of Olfr73 and argue that characterizing ORs in 'native' conditions, rather than in vitro, provides a more relevant understanding of ligand-OR interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Corey
- Whitney Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sergei Zolotukhin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Barry W Ache
- Whitney Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kirill Ukhanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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4
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Parrie LE, Crowell JA, Moreno JA, Suinn SS, Telling GC, Bessen RA. The cellular prion protein promotes neuronal regeneration after acute nasotoxic injury. Prion 2020; 14:31-41. [PMID: 31950869 PMCID: PMC6984647 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2020.1714373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, analogous to early development, is comprised of several, often concomitant, processes including proliferation, differentiation, and formation of synaptic connections. However, due to continual, asynchronous turn-over, newly-born adult olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) must integrate into existing circuitry. Additionally, OSNs express high levels of cellular prion protein (PrPC), particularly in the axon, which implies a role in this cell type. The cellular prion has been shown to be important for proper adult OSN neurogenesis primarily by stabilizing mature olfactory neurons within this circuitry. However, the role of PrPC on each specific adult neurogenic processes remains to be investigated in detail. To tease out the subtle effects of prion protein expression level, a large population of regenerating neurons must be investigated. The thyroid drug methimazole (MTZ) causes nearly complete OSN loss in rodents and is used as a model of acute olfactory injury, providing a mechanism to induce synchronized OSN regeneration. This study investigated the effect of PrPC on adult neurogenesis after acute nasotoxic injury. Altered PrPC levels affected olfactory sensory epithelial (OSE) regeneration, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Attempts to investigate the role of PrPC level on axon regeneration did not support previous studies, and glomerular targeting did not recover to vehicle-treated levels, even by 20 weeks. Together, these studies demonstrate that the cellular prion protein is critical for regeneration of neurons, whereby increased PrPC levels promote early neurogenesis, and that lack of PrPC delays the regeneration of this tissue after acute injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E. Parrie
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jenna A.E. Crowell
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Julie A. Moreno
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Stephanie S. Suinn
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Glenn C. Telling
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Richard A. Bessen
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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5
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Pfister P, Smith BC, Evans BJ, Brann JH, Trimmer C, Sheikh M, Arroyave R, Reddy G, Jeong HY, Raps DA, Peterlin Z, Vergassola M, Rogers ME. Odorant Receptor Inhibition Is Fundamental to Odor Encoding. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2574-2587.e6. [PMID: 32470365 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Most natural odors are complex mixtures of volatile components, competing to bind odorant receptors (ORs) expressed in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) of the nose. To date, surprisingly little is known about how OR antagonism shapes neuronal representations in the detection layer of the olfactory system. Here, we investigated its prevalence, the degree to which it disrupts OR ensemble activity, and its conservation across phylogenetically related ORs. Calcium imaging microscopy of dissociated OSNs revealed significant inhibition, often complete attenuation, of responses to indole-a commonly occurring volatile associated with both floral and fecal odors-by a set of 36 tested odorants. To confirm an OR mechanism for the observed inhibition, we performed single-cell transcriptomics on OSNs exhibiting specific response profiles to a diagnostic panel of odorants and identified three paralogous receptors-Olfr740, Olfr741, and Olfr743-which, when tested in vitro, recapitulated OSN responses. We screened ten ORs from the Olfr740 gene family with ∼800 perfumery-related odorants spanning a range of chemical scaffolds and functional groups. Over half of these compounds (430) antagonized at least one of the ten ORs. OR activity fitted a mathematical model of competitive receptor binding and suggests normalization of OSN ensemble responses to odorant mixtures is the rule rather than the exception. In summary, we observed OR antagonism occurred frequently and in a combinatorial manner. Thus, extensive receptor-mediated computation of mixture information appears to occur in the olfactory epithelium prior to transmission of odor information to the olfactory bulb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Pfister
- Firmenich Incorporated, 250 Plainsboro Road, Plainsboro, NJ 08536, USA
| | - Benjamin C Smith
- Firmenich Incorporated, 250 Plainsboro Road, Plainsboro, NJ 08536, USA
| | - Barry J Evans
- Firmenich Incorporated, 250 Plainsboro Road, Plainsboro, NJ 08536, USA
| | - Jessica H Brann
- Firmenich Incorporated, 250 Plainsboro Road, Plainsboro, NJ 08536, USA
| | - Casey Trimmer
- Firmenich Incorporated, 250 Plainsboro Road, Plainsboro, NJ 08536, USA
| | - Mushhood Sheikh
- Firmenich Incorporated, 250 Plainsboro Road, Plainsboro, NJ 08536, USA
| | - Randy Arroyave
- Firmenich Incorporated, 250 Plainsboro Road, Plainsboro, NJ 08536, USA
| | - Gautam Reddy
- Department of Physics, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hyo-Young Jeong
- Firmenich Incorporated, 250 Plainsboro Road, Plainsboro, NJ 08536, USA
| | - Daniel A Raps
- Firmenich Incorporated, 250 Plainsboro Road, Plainsboro, NJ 08536, USA
| | - Zita Peterlin
- Firmenich Incorporated, 250 Plainsboro Road, Plainsboro, NJ 08536, USA
| | - Massimo Vergassola
- Department of Physics, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Matthew E Rogers
- Firmenich Incorporated, 250 Plainsboro Road, Plainsboro, NJ 08536, USA.
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Zak JD, Reddy G, Vergassola M, Murthy VN. Antagonistic odor interactions in olfactory sensory neurons are widespread in freely breathing mice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3350. [PMID: 32620767 PMCID: PMC7335155 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Odor landscapes contain complex blends of molecules that each activate unique, overlapping populations of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Despite the presence of hundreds of OSN subtypes in many animals, the overlapping nature of odor inputs may lead to saturation of neural responses at the early stages of stimulus encoding. Information loss due to saturation could be mitigated by normalizing mechanisms such as antagonism at the level of receptor-ligand interactions, whose existence and prevalence remains uncertain. By imaging OSN axon terminals in olfactory bulb glomeruli as well as OSN cell bodies within the olfactory epithelium in freely breathing mice, we find widespread antagonistic interactions in binary odor mixtures. In complex mixtures of up to 12 odorants, antagonistic interactions are stronger and more prevalent with increasing mixture complexity. Therefore, antagonism is a common feature of odor mixture encoding in OSNs and helps in normalizing activity to reduce saturation and increase information transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Zak
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Gautam Reddy
- NSF-Simons Center for Mathematical & Statistical Analysis of Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Massimo Vergassola
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Venkatesh N Murthy
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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7
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Huang TW, Li ST, Chen DY, Young TH. Neuropeptide Y increases differentiation of human olfactory receptor neurons through the Y1 receptor. Neuropeptides 2019; 78:101964. [PMID: 31526523 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.101964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction significantly impedes the life quality of patients. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is not only a neurotrophic factor in the rodent olfactory system but also an orexigenic peptide that regulates feeding behavior. NPY increases the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) responsivity during starvation; however, whether NPY can promote differentiation of human ORNs remains unexplored. This study investigates the effect of NPY on the differentiation of human olfactory neuroepithelial cells in vitro. Human olfactory neuroepithelium explants were cultured on tissue culture polystyrene dishes for 21 days. Then, cells were cultured with or without NPY at the concentration of 0.5 ng/mℓ for 7 days. The effects of treatment were assessed by phase contrast microscopy, immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis. The further mechanism was evaluated with NPY Y1 receptor-selected antagonist BIBP3226. NPY-treated olfactory neuroepithelial cells exhibited thin bipolar shape, low circularity, low spread area, and long processes. The expression levels of Ascl1, βIII tubulin, GAP43 and OMP were significantly higher in NPY-treated cells than in controls (p < 0.05). NPY-treated olfactory neuroepithelial cells expressed more components of signal transduction apparatuses, Golf and ADCY3, than those without NPY treatment. Western blot analysis also further confirmed these findings (p < 0.05). Additionally, the expression levels of Ascl1, βIII2 tubulin, GAP43, OMP, ADCY3, and Golf in BIBP3226 + NPY and controls were comparable (p > 0.05). NPY not only increases expressions of protein markers of human olfactory neuronal progenitor cells, but also promotes differentiation of ORN and enhances formation of components of olfactory-specific signal transduction pathway through Y1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Wei Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Communication Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Tien Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Duan-Yu Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Communication Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Horng Young
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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8
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Abstract
Odorant molecules stimulate olfactory receptor neurons, and axons of these neurons project into the main olfactory bulb where they synapse onto mitral and tufted cells. These project to the primary olfactory cortex including the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON), the piriform cortex, amygdala, and the entorhinal cortex. The properties of mitral cells have been investigated extensively, but how odor information is processed in subsequent brain regions is less well known. In the present study, we recorded the electrical activity of AON neurons in anesthetized rats. Most AON cells fired in bursts of 2-10 spikes separated by very short intervals (<20 ms), in a period linked to the respiratory rhythm. Simultaneous recordings from adjacent neurons revealed that the rhythms of adjacent cells, while locked to the same underlying rhythm, showed marked differences in phase. We studied the responses of AON cells to brief high-frequency stimulation of the lateral olfactory tract, mimicking brief activation of mitral cells by odor. In different cells, such stimuli evoked transient or sustained bursts during stimulation or, more commonly, post-stimulation bursts after inhibition during stimulation. This suggests that, in AON cells, phase shifts occur as a result of post-inhibitory rebound firing, following inhibition by mitral cell input, and we discuss how this supports processing of odor information in the olfactory pathway. Cells were tested for their responsiveness to a social odor (the bedding of a strange male) among other simple and complex odors tested. In total, 11 cells responded strongly and repeatedly to bedding odor, and these responses were diverse, including excitation (transient or sustained), inhibition, and activation after odor presentation, indicating that AON neurons respond not only to the type of complex odor but also to temporal features of odor application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tsuji
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Chiharu Tsuji
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Maja Lozic
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Mike Ludwig
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Department of ImmunologyCentre for NeuroendocrinologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Gareth Leng
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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9
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Si G, Kanwal JK, Hu Y, Tabone CJ, Baron J, Berck M, Vignoud G, Samuel ADT. Structured Odorant Response Patterns across a Complete Olfactory Receptor Neuron Population. Neuron 2019; 101:950-962.e7. [PMID: 30683545 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Odor perception allows animals to distinguish odors, recognize the same odor across concentrations, and determine concentration changes. How the activity patterns of primary olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), at the individual and population levels, facilitate distinguishing these functions remains poorly understood. Here, we interrogate the complete ORN population of the Drosophila larva across a broadly sampled panel of odorants at varying concentrations. We find that the activity of each ORN scales with the concentration of any odorant via a fixed dose-response function with a variable sensitivity. Sensitivities across odorants and ORNs follow a power-law distribution. Much of receptor sensitivity to odorants is accounted for by a single geometrical property of molecular structure. Similarity in the shape of temporal response filters across odorants and ORNs extend these relationships to fluctuating environments. These results uncover shared individual- and population-level patterns that together lend structure to support odor perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Si
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jessleen K Kanwal
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yu Hu
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Christopher J Tabone
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jacob Baron
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Matthew Berck
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Gaetan Vignoud
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Aravinthan D T Samuel
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Lazzari M, Bettini S, Milani L, Maurizii MG, Franceschini V. Differential nickel-induced responses of olfactory sensory neuron populations in zebrafish. Aquat Toxicol 2019; 206:14-23. [PMID: 30415017 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory epithelium of fish includes three main types of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Whereas ciliated (cOSNs) and microvillous olfactory sensory neurons (mOSNs) are common to all vertebrates, a third, smaller group, the crypt cells, is exclusive for fish. Dissolved pollutants reach OSNs, thus resulting in impairment of the olfactory function with possible neurobehavioral damages, and nickel represents a diffuse olfactory toxicant. We studied the effects of three sublethal Ni2+ concentrations on the different OSN populations of zebrafish that is a widely used biological model. We applied image analysis with cell count and quantification of histochemically-detected markers of the different types of OSNs. The present study shows clear evidence of a differential responses of OSN populations to treatments. Densitometric values for Gα olf, a marker of cOSNs, decreased compared to control and showed a concentration-dependent effect in the ventral half of the olfactory rosette. The densitometric analysis of TRPC2, a marker of mOSNs, revealed a statistically significant reduction compared to control, smaller than the decrease for Gα olf and without concentration-dependent effects. After exposure, olfactory epithelium stained with anti-calretinin, a marker of c- and mOSNs, revealed a decrease in thickness while the sensory area appeared unchanged. The thickness reduction together with increased densitometric values for HuC/D, a marker of mature and immature neurons, suggests that the decrements in Gα olf and TRPC2 immunostaining may depend on cell death. However, reductions in the number of apical processes and of antigen expression could be a further explanation. We hypothesize that cOSNs are more sensitive than mOSNs to Ni2+ exposure. Difference between subpopulations of OSNs or differences in water flux throughout the olfactory cavity could account for the greater susceptibility of the OSNs located in the ventral half of the olfactory rosette. Cell count of anti-TrkA immunopositive cells reveals that Ni2+ exposure does not affect crypt cells. The results of this immunohistochemical study are not in line with those obtained by electro-olfactogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Lazzari
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Simone Bettini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Liliana Milani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Maurizii
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Franceschini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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11
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Miyazaki H, Otake J, Mitsuno H, Ozaki K, Kanzaki R, Chui-Ting Chieng A, Kah-Wei Hee A, Nishida R, Ono H. Functional characterization of olfactory receptors in the Oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis that respond to plant volatiles. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 101:32-46. [PMID: 30026095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, is a highly destructive pest of various fruits. The reproductive and host-finding behaviors of this species are affected by several plant semiochemicals that are perceived through chemosensory receptors. However, the chemosensory mechanisms by which this perception occurs have not been fully elucidated. We conducted RNA sequencing analysis of the chemosensory organs of B. dorsalis to identify the genes coding for chemosensory receptors. We identified 60 olfactory receptors (ORs), 17 gustatory receptors and 23 ionotropic receptors-including their homologs and variants-from the transcriptome of male antennae and proboscises. We functionally analyzed ten ORs co-expressed with the obligatory co-receptor ORCO in Xenopus oocytes to identify their ligands. We tested 24 compounds including attractants for several Bactrocera species and volatiles from the host fruits of B. dorsalis. We found that BdorOR13a co-expressed with ORCO responded robustly to 1-octen-3-ol. BdorOR82a co-expressed with ORCO responded significantly to geranyl acetate, but responded weakly to farnesenes (a mixture of isomers) and linalyl acetate. These four compounds were subsequently subjected to behavioral bioassays. When each of the aforementioned compound was presented in combination with a sphere model as a visual cue to adult flies, 1-octen-3-ol, geranyl acetate, and farnesenes significantly enhanced landing behavior in mated females, but not in unmated females or males. These results suggest that the ORs characterized in the present study are involved in the perception of plant volatiles that affect host-finding behavior in B. dorsalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Miyazaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jun Otake
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Mitsuno
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Ozaki
- JT Biohistory Research Hall, Takatsuki Osaka, 569-1125, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kanzaki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | | | - Alvin Kah-Wei Hee
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Ritsuo Nishida
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hajime Ono
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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12
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AlMatrouk A, Lemons K, Ogura T, Luo W, Wilson C, Lin W. Chemical Exposure-Induced Changes in the Expression of Neurotrophins and Their Receptors in the Main Olfactory System of Mice Lacking TRPM5-Expressing Microvillous Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2939. [PMID: 30261693 PMCID: PMC6213160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional maintenance of the mammalian main olfactory epithelium (MOE) is challenging because of its direct exposure to a wide spectrum of environmental chemicals. We previously reported that transient receptor potential channel M5-expressing microvillous cells (TRPM5-MCs) in the MOE play an important role in olfactory maintenance. To investigate the underpinning mechanisms, we exposed transcription factor Skn-1a knockout (Skn-1a-/-) mice lacking TRPM5-MCs, and TRPM5-GFP mice to either vehicle (water) or a mixture of odorous chemicals and chitin for two weeks and analyzed the expression of olfactory signaling proteins using immunolabeling and neurotrophin (NT) and NT receptor (NTR) gene transcripts using real-time quantitative PCR. The chemical exposure did not significantly attenuate the immunolabeling of olfactory signaling proteins. Vehicle-exposed Skn-1a-/- and TRPM5-GFP mice expressed similar levels of NT and NTR gene transcripts in the MOE and olfactory bulb. Chemical exposure significantly increased MOE expression of p75NTR in Skn-1a-/- mice, while p75NTR expression was reduced in TRPM5-GFP mice, as compared to vehicle-exposed mice. Additionally, our RNA in situ hybridization analysis and immunolabeling confirmed MOE expression of most NTs and NTRs. Together, these results indicate that TRPM5-MCs and chemical exposure influence expression of some NTs and NTRs in the MOE and olfactory bulb (OB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah AlMatrouk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Kayla Lemons
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Tatsuya Ogura
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Wangmei Luo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Chantel Wilson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Weihong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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Sato K, Sorensen PW. The Chemical Sensitivity and Electrical Activity of Individual Olfactory Sensory Neurons to a Range of Sex Pheromones and Food Odors in the Goldfish. Chem Senses 2018; 43:249-260. [PMID: 29514213 PMCID: PMC5913646 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjy016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is well established that the olfactory epithelium of teleost fish detects at least 6 classes of biologically relevant odorants using 5 types of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), little is understood about the specificity of individual OSNs and thus how they encode identity of natural odors. In this study, we used in vivo extracellular single-unit recording to examine the odor responsiveness and physiological characteristics of 109 individual OSNs in mature male goldfish to a broad range of biological odorants including feeding stimuli (amino acids, polyamines, nucleotides), sex pheromones (sex steroids, prostaglandins [PGs]), and a putative social cue (bile acids). Sixty-one OSNs were chemosensitive, with over half of these (36) responding to amino acids, 7 to polyamines, 7 to nucleotides, 5 to bile acids, 9 to PGs, and 7 to sex steroids. Approximately a quarter of the amino acid-sensitive units also responded to polyamines or nucleotides. Three of 6 amino acid-sensitive units responded to more than 1 amino acid compound, and 5 sex pheromone-sensitive units detected just 1 sex pheromone. While pheromone-sensitive OSNs also responded to the adenylyl cyclase activator, forskolin, amino acid-sensitive OSNs responded to either forskolin or a phospholipase C activator, imipramine. Most OSNs responded to odorants and activators with excitation. Our results suggest that pheromone information is encoded by OSNs specifically tuned to single sex pheromones and employ adenylyl cyclase, suggestive of a labeled-line organization, while food information is encoded by a combination of OSNs that use both adenylyl cyclase and phospholipase C and are often less specifically tuned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sato
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, Biosensing Research, Higashiyama Myodaijicho, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Peter W Sorensen
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
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14
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Poudel S, Kim Y, Gwak JS, Jeong S, Lee Y. Gustatory receptor 22e is essential for sensing chloroquine and strychnine in Drosophila melanogaster. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 88:30-36. [PMID: 28751111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chloroquine, an amino quinolone derivative commonly used as an anti-malarial drug, is known to impart an unpleasant taste. Little research has been done to study chloroquine taste in insects, therefore, we examined both the deterrant properties and mechanisms underlying chloroquine perception in fruit flies. We identified the antifeedant effect of chloroquine by screening 21 gustatory receptor (Grs) mutants through behavioral feeding assays and electrophysiology experiments. We discovered that two molecular sensors, GR22e and GR33a, act as chloroquine receptors, and found that chloroquine-mediated activation of GRNs occurs through S-type sensilla. At the same time, we successfully recapitulated the chloroquine receptor by expressing GR22e in ectopic gustatory receptor neurons. We also found that GR22e forms a part of the strychnine receptor. We suggest that the Drosophila strychnine receptor might have a very complex structure since five different GRs are required for strychnine-induced action potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seeta Poudel
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Project, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, South Korea
| | - Yunjung Kim
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Project, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, South Korea
| | - Jun-Seok Gwak
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Project, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, South Korea
| | - Sangyun Jeong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, South Korea
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Project, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, South Korea.
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15
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Tong T, Ryu SE, Min Y, de March CA, Bushdid C, Golebiowski J, Moon C, Park T. Olfactory receptor 10J5 responding to α-cedrene regulates hepatic steatosis via the cAMP-PKA pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9471. [PMID: 28842679 PMCID: PMC5573314 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic expression and functions of odorant receptors (ORs) in the human body have aroused much interest in the past decade. Mouse olfactory receptor 23 (MOR23, olfr16) and its human orthologue, OR10J5, have been found to be functionally expressed in several non-olfactory systems. Here, using MOR23- and OR10J5-expressing Hana3A cells, we identified α-cedrene, a natural compound that protects against hepatic steatosis in mice fed the high-fat diet, as a novel agonist of these receptors. In human hepatocytes, an RNA interference-mediated knockdown of OR10J5 increased intracellular lipid accumulation, along with upregulation of lipogenic genes and downregulation of genes related to fatty acid oxidation. α-Cedrene stimulation resulted in a significant reduction in lipid contents of human hepatocytes and reprogramming of metabolic signatures, which are mediated by OR10J5, as demonstrated by receptor knockdown experiments using RNA interference. Taken together, our findings show a crucial role of OR10J5 in the regulation of lipid accumulation in human hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Sang Eun Ryu
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 711-873, South Korea
| | - Yeojin Min
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Claire A de March
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice cedex 02, France
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, United States
| | - Caroline Bushdid
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice cedex 02, France
| | - Jérôme Golebiowski
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 711-873, South Korea
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice cedex 02, France
| | - Cheil Moon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 711-873, South Korea
- Convergence Research Advanced Centre for Olfaction, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 711-873, South Korea
| | - Taesun Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea.
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16
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Sparks JT, Bohbot JD, Ristic M, Mišic D, Skoric M, Mattoo A, Dickens JC. Chemosensory Responses to the Repellent Nepeta Essential Oil and Its Major Component Nepetalactone by Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), a Vector of Zika Virus. J Med Entomol 2017; 54:957-963. [PMID: 28407077 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nepeta essential oil (Neo; catnip) and its major component, nepetalactone, have long been known to repel insects including mosquitoes. However, the neural mechanisms through which these repellents are detected by mosquitoes, including the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.), an important vector of Zika virus, were poorly understood. Here we show that Neo volatiles activate olfactory receptor neurons within the basiconic sensilla on the maxillary palps of female Ae. aegypti. A gustatory receptor neuron sensitive to the feeding deterrent quinine and housed within sensilla on the labella of females was activated by both Neo and nepetalactone. Activity of a second gustatory receptor neuron sensitive to the feeding stimulant sucrose was suppressed by both repellents. Our results provide neural pathways for the reported spatial repellency and feeding deterrence of these repellents. A better understanding of the neural input through which female mosquitoes make decisions to feed will facilitate design of new repellents and management strategies involving their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson T Sparks
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
- Department of Biology, High Point University, High Point, NC
| | - Jonathan D Bohbot
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mihailo Ristic
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research "Dr Josif Pancic," University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košcuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Mišic
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic," University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Skoric
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic," University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Autar Mattoo
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - Joseph C Dickens
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
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18
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Lazzari M, Bettini S, Milani L, Maurizii MG, Franceschini V. Differential response of olfactory sensory neuron populations to copper ion exposure in zebrafish. Aquat Toxicol 2017; 183:54-62. [PMID: 27992776 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The peripheral olfactory system of fish is in direct contact with the external aqueous environment, so dissolved contaminants can easily impair sensory functions and cause neurobehavioral injuries. The olfactory epithelium of fish is arranged in lamellae forming a rosette in the olfactory cavity and contains three main types of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs): ciliated (cOSNs) and microvillous olfactory sensory neurons (mOSNs), common to all vertebrates, and a third minor group of olfactory neurons, crypt cells, absent in tetrapods. Since copper is a ubiquitously diffusing olfactory toxicant and a spreading contaminant in urban runoff, we investigated the effect of low copper concentration on the three different OSNs in the olfactory epithelium of zebrafish, a model system widely used in biological research. Image analysis was applied for morphometry and quantification of immunohistochemically detected OSNs. Copper exposure resulted in an evident decrease in olfactory epithelium thickness. Moreover, after exposure, the lamellae of the dorsal and ventral halves of the olfactory rosettes showed a different increase in their sensory areas, suggesting a lateral migration of new cells into non-sensory regions. The results of the present study provide clear evidence of a differential response of the three neural cell populations of zebrafish olfactory mucosa after 96h of exposure to copper ions at the sublethal concentration of 30μgL-1. Densitometric values of cONS, immunostained with anti-G αolf, decreased of about 60% compared to the control. When the fish were transferred to water without copper addition and examined after 3, 10 and 30days, we observed a partial restoration of anti-G αolf staining intensity to normal condition. The recovery of cOSNs appeared sustained by neuronal proliferation, quantified with anti-PCNA immunostaining, in particular in the early days after exposure. The densitometric analysis applied to mOSNs, immunostained with anti-TRPC2, revealed a statistically significant decrease of about 30% compared to the control. For cOSNs and mOSNs, the decrement in staining intensity may be indicative of cell death, but reduction in antigen expression may not be excluded. In the post-exposure period of 1 month we did not find recovery of mOSNs. We hypothesize that cOSNs are more sensitive than mOSNs to copper treatment, but also more prompted to tissue repair. Anti-TrkA-immunopositive crypt cells appeared not to be affected by copper exposure since statistical analysis excluded any significant difference between the control and treated fish. Comparative studies on OSNs would greatly enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of olfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Lazzari
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Simone Bettini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Liliana Milani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Maurizii
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Franceschini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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19
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Nolte A, Gawalek P, Koerte S, Wei H, Schumann R, Werckenthin A, Krieger J, Stengl M. No Evidence for Ionotropic Pheromone Transduction in the Hawkmoth Manduca sexta. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166060. [PMID: 27829053 PMCID: PMC5102459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect odorant receptors (ORs) are 7-transmembrane receptors with inverse membrane topology. They associate with the conserved ion channel Orco. As chaperon, Orco maintains ORs in cilia and, as pacemaker channel, Orco controls spontaneous activity in olfactory receptor neurons. Odorant binding to ORs opens OR-Orco receptor ion channel complexes in heterologous expression systems. It is unknown, whether this also occurs in vivo. As an alternative to this ionotropic transduction, experimental evidence is accumulating for metabotropic odor transduction, implicating that insect ORs couple to G-proteins. Resulting second messengers gate various ion channels. They generate the sensillum potential that elicits phasic-tonic action potentials (APs) followed by late, long-lasting pheromone responses. Because it is still unclear how and when Orco opens after odor-OR-binding, we used tip recordings to examine in vivo the effects of the Orco antagonist OLC15 and the amilorides MIA and HMA on bombykal transduction in the hawkmoth Manduca sexta. In contrast to OLC15 both amilorides decreased the pheromone-dependent sensillum potential amplitude and the frequency of the phasic AP response. Instead, OLC15 decreased spontaneous activity, increased latencies of phasic-, and decreased frequencies of late, long-lasting pheromone responses Zeitgebertime-dependently. Our results suggest no involvement for Orco in the primary transduction events, in contrast to amiloride-sensitive channels. Instead of an odor-gated ionotropic receptor, Orco rather acts as a voltage- and apparently second messenger-gated pacemaker channel controlling the membrane potential and hence threshold and kinetics of the pheromone response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Nolte
- Department of Animal Physiology, FB 10 Biology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Petra Gawalek
- Department of Animal Physiology, FB 10 Biology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Sarah Koerte
- Department of Animal Physiology, FB 10 Biology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - HongYing Wei
- Department of Animal Physiology, FB 10 Biology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Robin Schumann
- Department of Animal Physiology, FB 10 Biology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Achim Werckenthin
- Department of Animal Physiology, FB 10 Biology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Jürgen Krieger
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Monika Stengl
- Department of Animal Physiology, FB 10 Biology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
- * E-mail:
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20
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Hagerty S, Daniels Y, Singletary M, Pustovyy O, Globa L, MacCrehan WA, Muramoto S, Stan G, Lau JW, Morrison EE, Sorokulova I, Vodyanoy V. After oxidation, zinc nanoparticles lose their ability to enhance responses to odorants. Biometals 2016; 29:1005-1018. [PMID: 27649965 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrical responses of olfactory sensory neurons to odorants were examined in the presence of zinc nanoparticles of various sizes and degrees of oxidation. The zinc nanoparticles were prepared by the underwater electrical discharge method and analyzed by atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Small (1.2 ± 0.3 nm) zinc nanoparticles significantly enhanced electrical responses of olfactory neurons to odorants. After oxidation, however, these small zinc nanoparticles were no longer capable of enhancing olfactory responses. Larger zinc oxide nanoparticles (15 nm and 70 nm) also did not modulate responses to odorants. Neither zinc nor zinc oxide nanoparticles produced olfactory responses when added without odorants. The enhancement of odorant responses by small zinc nanoparticles was explained by the creation of olfactory receptor dimers initiated by small zinc nanoparticles. The results of this work will clarify the mechanisms for the initial events in olfaction, as well as to provide new ways to alleviate anosmia related to the loss of olfactory receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Hagerty
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Yasmine Daniels
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Melissa Singletary
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Oleg Pustovyy
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Ludmila Globa
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - William A MacCrehan
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Shin Muramoto
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Gheorghe Stan
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - June W Lau
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Edward E Morrison
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Iryna Sorokulova
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Vitaly Vodyanoy
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA.
- Auburn University, 109 Greene Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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21
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Kanageswaran N, Nagel M, Scholz P, Mohrhardt J, Gisselmann G, Hatt H. Modulatory Effects of Sex Steroids Progesterone and Estradiol on Odorant Evoked Responses in Olfactory Receptor Neurons. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159640. [PMID: 27494699 PMCID: PMC4975405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of the sex steroid hormones progesterone and estradiol on physiology and behavior during menstrual cycles and pregnancy is well known. Several studies indicate that olfactory performance changes with cyclically fluctuating steroid hormone levels in females. Knowledge of the exact mechanisms behind how female sex steroids modulate olfactory signaling is limited. A number of different known genomic and non-genomic actions that are mediated by progesterone and estradiol via interactions with different receptors may be responsible for this modulation. Next generation sequencing-based RNA-Seq transcriptome data from the murine olfactory epithelium (OE) and olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) revealed the expression of several membrane progestin receptors and the estradiol receptor Gpr30. These receptors are known to mediate rapid non-genomic effects through interactions with G proteins. RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining results provide evidence for progestin and estradiol receptors in the ORNs. These data support the hypothesis that steroid hormones are capable of modulating the odorant-evoked activity of ORNs. Here, we validated this hypothesis through the investigation of steroid hormone effects by submerged electro-olfactogram and whole cell patch-clamp recordings of ORNs. For the first time, we demonstrate that the sex steroid hormones progesterone and estradiol decrease odorant-evoked signals in the OE and ORNs of mice at low nanomolar concentrations. Thus, both of these sex steroids can rapidly modulate the odor responsiveness of ORNs through membrane progestin receptors and the estradiol receptor Gpr30.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maximilian Nagel
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Department of Cell Physiology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Paul Scholz
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Department of Cell Physiology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia Mohrhardt
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Department of Cell Physiology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Günter Gisselmann
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Department of Cell Physiology, Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Hanns Hatt
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Department of Cell Physiology, Bochum, Germany
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22
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Ueha R, Ueha S, Sakamoto T, Kanaya K, Suzukawa K, Nishijima H, Kikuta S, Kondo K, Matsushima K, Yamasoba T. Cigarette Smoke Delays Regeneration of the Olfactory Epithelium in Mice. Neurotox Res 2016; 30:213-24. [PMID: 27003941 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9617-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory system is a unique part of the mammalian nervous system due to its capacity for neurogenesis and the replacement of degenerating receptor neurons. Cigarette smoking is a major cause of olfactory dysfunction. However, the mechanisms by which cigarette smoke impairs the regenerative olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) remain unclear. Here, we investigated the influence of cigarette smoke on ORN regeneration following methimazole-induced ORN injury. Administration of methimazole caused detachment of the olfactory epithelium from the basement membrane and induced olfactory dysfunction, thus enabling us to analyze the process of ORN regeneration. We found that intranasal administration of cigarette smoke solution (CSS) suppressed the recovery of ORNs and olfaction following ORN injury. Defective ORN recovery in CSS-treated mice was not associated with any change in the number of SOX2(+) ORN progenitor cells in the basal layer of the OE, but was associated with impaired recovery of GAP43(+) immature ORNs. In the nasal mucosa, mRNA expression levels of neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, neurotrophin-5, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were increased following OE injury, whereas CSS administration decreased the ORN injury-induced IGF-1 expression. Administration of recombinant human IGF-1 prevented the CSS-induced suppression of ORN recovery following injury. These results suggest that CSS impairs regeneration of ORNs by suppressing the development of immature ORNs from ORN progenitors, at least partly by reducing IGF-1 in the nasal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Ueha
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Ueha
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakamoto
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kaori Kanaya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, 4-23-15 Kotobashi Sumida-ku, Tokyo, 130-8575, Japan
| | - Keigo Suzukawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, 4-23-15 Kotobashi Sumida-ku, Tokyo, 130-8575, Japan
| | - Hironobu Nishijima
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shu Kikuta
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kouji Matsushima
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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Chandler JD, Wongtrakool C, Banton SA, Li S, Orr ML, Barr DB, Neujahr DC, Sutliff RL, Go YM, Jones DP. Low-dose oral cadmium increases airway reactivity and lung neuronal gene expression in mice. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:e12821. [PMID: 27401458 PMCID: PMC4945833 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of cadmium (Cd) is associated with lung diseases, but less is known concerning pulmonary effects of Cd found in the diet. Cd has a decades-long half-life in humans and significant bioaccumulation occurs with chronic dietary intake. We exposed mice to low-dose CdCl2 (10 mg/L in drinking water) for 20 weeks, which increased lung Cd to a level similar to that of nonoccupationally exposed adult humans. Cd-treated mice had increased airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine challenge, and gene expression array showed that Cd altered the abundance of 443 mRNA transcripts in mouse lung. In contrast to higher doses, low-dose Cd did not elicit increased metallothionein transcripts in lung. To identify pathways most affected by Cd, gene set enrichment of transcripts was analyzed. Results showed that major inducible targets of low-dose Cd were neuronal receptors represented by enriched olfactory, glutamatergic, cholinergic, and serotonergic gene sets. Olfactory receptors regulate chemosensory function and airway hypersensitivity, and these gene sets were the most enriched. Targeted metabolomics analysis showed that Cd treatment also increased metabolites in pathways of glutamatergic (glutamate), serotonergic (tryptophan), cholinergic (choline), and catecholaminergic (tyrosine) receptors in the lung tissue. Protein abundance measurements showed that the glutamate receptor GRIN2A was increased in mouse lung tissue. Together, these results show that in mice, oral low-dose Cd increased lung Cd to levels comparable to humans, increased airway hyperresponsiveness and disrupted neuronal pathways regulating bronchial tone. Therefore, dietary Cd may promote or worsen airway hyperresponsiveness in multiple lung diseases including asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Chandler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Cherry Wongtrakool
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Sophia A Banton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shuzhao Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael L Orr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David C Neujahr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Roy L Sutliff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Hillier NK, Kavanagh RMB. Differential Octopaminergic Modulation of Olfactory Receptor Neuron Responses to Sex Pheromones in Heliothis virescens. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143179. [PMID: 26650832 PMCID: PMC4674078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Octopamine is an important neuromodulator of neural function in invertebrates. Octopamine increases male moth sensitivity to female sex pheromones, however, relatively little is known as to the role of octopamine in the female olfactory system, nor its possible effects on the reception of non-pheromone odorants. The purpose of this study was to determine relative effects of octopamine on the sensitivity of the peripheral olfactory system in male and female Heliothis virescens. Single sensillum recording was conducted in both sexes following injection with octopamine or Ringer solution, and during odorant stimulation with conspecific female sex pheromone or host plant volatiles. Results indicate that octopamine plays a significant modulatory role in female sex pheromone detection in female moths; and that male and female pheromone detection neurons share distinct pharmacological and physiological similarities in H. virescens despite sexual dimorphism at the antennal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Kirk Hillier
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Rhys M. B. Kavanagh
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
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25
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Sumitani M, Sakurai T, Kasashima K, Kobayashi S, Uchino K, Kanzaki R, Tamura T, Sezutsu H. Establishment of a specific cell death induction system in Bombyx mori by a transgene with the conserved apoptotic regulator, mouse Bcl-2-associated X protein (mouse Bax). Insect Mol Biol 2015; 24:671-680. [PMID: 26426866 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The induction of apoptosis in vivo is a useful tool for investigating the functions and importance of particular tissues. B-cell leukaemia/lymphoma 2-associated X protein (Bax) functions as a pro-apoptotic factor and induces apoptosis in several organisms. The Bax-mediated apoptotic system is widely conserved from Caenorhabditis elegans to humans. In order to establish a tissue-specific cell death system in the domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori, we constructed a transgenic silkworm that overexpressed mouse Bax (mBax) in particular tissues by the Gal4-upstream activation sequence system. We found that the expression of mBax induced specific cell death in the silk gland, fat body and sensory cells. Fragmentation of genomic DNA was observed in the fat body, which expressed mBax, thereby supporting apoptotic cell death in this tissue. Using this system, we also demonstrated that specific cell death in sensory cells attenuated the response to the sex pheromone bombykol. These results show that we successfully established a tissue-specific cell death system in vivo that enabled specific deficiencies in particular tissues. The inducible cell death system may provide useful means for industrial applications of the silkworm and possible utilization for other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sumitani
- Genetically Modified Organism Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - T Sakurai
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Kasashima
- Division of Functional Biochemistry Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - S Kobayashi
- Genetically Modified Organism Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - K Uchino
- Genetically Modified Organism Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - R Kanzaki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Tamura
- Genetically Modified Organism Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - H Sezutsu
- Genetically Modified Organism Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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26
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Álvarez G, Ammagarahalli B, Hall DR, Pajares JA, Gemeno C. Smoke, pheromone and kairomone olfactory receptor neurons in males and females of the pine sawyer Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). J Insect Physiol 2015; 82:46-55. [PMID: 26296453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The response of antennal olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) of Monochamus galloprovincialis to several odourants was tested using single sensillum electrophysiology. Behaviourally active pheromone, and kairomone (host and sympatric bark beetle pheromone) odours were tested alongside smoke compounds released by burnt wood that are potentially attractive to the insect. The antennae bore several types of sensilla. Two plate areas in the proximal and distal ends of each antennal segment were covered with basiconic sensilla that responded to the odour stimuli. Sensilla basiconica contained one or two cells of different spike amplitude. The 32 male and 38 female ORNs tested responded with excitations or inhibitions to the different plant odours. In general the response of male and female receptors was very similar so they were pooled to perform a cluster analysis on ORN responses. Six ORNs were clearly specialised for pheromone reception. Responses to kairomone and smoke odours were less specific than those of pheromone, but a group of 9 cells was clearly excited by smoke compounds (mainly eugenol and 4-methyl 2-methoxyphenol), a group of 8 cells was very responsive to α-pinene, β-pinene and cis-verbenol, and a group of 14 cells responded to a wider range of compounds. The rest of the cells (47%) were either non-responsive or slightly inhibited by smoke compounds. Dose-response curves were obtained for several compounds. Different compounds induced significantly different latencies and these appeared to be unrelated to their boiling point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Álvarez
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid-CIFOR-INIA, Av. Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain.
| | - Byrappa Ammagarahalli
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - David R Hall
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Juan A Pajares
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid-CIFOR-INIA, Av. Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - César Gemeno
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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27
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Kadala A, Charreton M, Jakob I, Cens T, Rousset M, Chahine M, Le Conte Y, Charnet P, Collet C. Pyrethroids differentially alter voltage-gated sodium channels from the honeybee central olfactory neurons. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112194. [PMID: 25390654 PMCID: PMC4229128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensitivity of neurons from the honey bee olfactory system to pyrethroid insecticides was studied using the patch-clamp technique on central ‘antennal lobe neurons’ (ALNs) in cell culture. In these neurons, the voltage-dependent sodium currents are characterized by negative potential for activation, fast kinetics of activation and inactivation, and the presence of cumulative inactivation during train of depolarizations. Perfusion of pyrethroids on these ALN neurons submitted to repetitive stimulations induced (1) an acceleration of cumulative inactivation, and (2) a marked slowing of the tail current recorded upon repolarization. Cypermethrin and permethrin accelerated cumulative inactivation of the sodium current peak in a similar manner and tetramethrin was even more effective. The slow-down of channel deactivation was markedly dependent on the type of pyrethroid. With cypermethrin, a progressive increase of the tail current amplitude along with successive stimulations reveals a traditionally described use-dependent recruitment of modified sodium channels. However, an unexpected decrease in this tail current was revealed with tetramethrin. If one considers the calculated percentage of modified channels as an index of pyrethroids effects, ALNs are significantly more susceptible to tetramethrin than to permethrin or cypermethrin for a single depolarization, but this difference attenuates with repetitive activity. Further comparison with peripheral neurons from antennae suggest that these modifications are neuron type specific. Modeling the sodium channel as a multi-state channel with fast and slow inactivation allows to underline the effects of pyrethroids on a set of rate constants connecting open and inactivated conformations, and give some insights to their specificity. Altogether, our results revealed a differential sensitivity of central olfactory neurons to pyrethroids that emphasize the ability for these compounds to impair detection and processing of information at several levels of the bees olfactory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aklesso Kadala
- INRA, UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, Toxicologie Environnementale, Avignon, France
| | - Mercedes Charreton
- INRA, UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, Toxicologie Environnementale, Avignon, France
- UMT Protection des Abeilles dans l'Environnement, Avignon, France
| | - Ingrid Jakob
- INRA, UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, Toxicologie Environnementale, Avignon, France
| | - Thierry Cens
- CNRS, UMR 5237, Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthieu Rousset
- CNRS, UMR 5237, Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Mohamed Chahine
- Department of medicine, Laval University, Québec city, Canada
| | - Yves Le Conte
- INRA, UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, Toxicologie Environnementale, Avignon, France
- UMT Protection des Abeilles dans l'Environnement, Avignon, France
| | - Pierre Charnet
- CNRS, UMR 5237, Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Claude Collet
- INRA, UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, Toxicologie Environnementale, Avignon, France
- UMT Protection des Abeilles dans l'Environnement, Avignon, France
- * E-mail:
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28
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Coutinho-Abreu IV, Forster L, Guda T, Ray A. Odorants for surveillance and control of the Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri). PLoS One 2014; 9:e109236. [PMID: 25347318 PMCID: PMC4209970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri, can transmit the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter while feeding on citrus flush shoots. This bacterium causes Huanglongbing (HLB), a major disease of citrus cultivation worldwide necessitating the development of new tools for ACP surveillance and control. The olfactory system of ACP is sensitive to variety of odorants released by citrus plants and offers an opportunity to develop new attractants and repellents. Results In this study, we performed single-unit electrophysiology to identify odorants that are strong activators, inhibitors, and prolonged activators of ACP odorant receptor neurons (ORNs). We identified a suite of odorants that activated the ORNs with high specificity and sensitivity, which may be useful in eliciting behavior such as attraction. In separate experiments, we also identified odorants that evoked prolonged ORN responses and antagonistic odorants able to suppress neuronal responses to activators, both of which can be useful in lowering attraction to hosts. In field trials, we tested the electrophysiologically identified activating odorants and identified a 3-odor blend that enhances trap catches by ∼230%. Conclusion These findings provide a set of odorants that can be used to develop affordable and safe odor-based surveillance and masking strategies for this dangerous pest insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliano V. Coutinho-Abreu
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa Forster
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Tom Guda
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Anandasankar Ray
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- Center for Disease Vector Research, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Nowotny T, de Bruyne M, Berna AZ, Warr CG, Trowell SC. Drosophila olfactory receptors as classifiers for volatiles from disparate real world applications. Bioinspir Biomim 2014; 9:046007. [PMID: 25313522 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3182/9/4/046007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory receptors evolved to provide animals with ecologically and behaviourally relevant information. The resulting extreme sensitivity and discrimination has proven useful to humans, who have therefore co-opted some animals' sense of smell. One aim of machine olfaction research is to replace the use of animal noses and one avenue of such research aims to incorporate olfactory receptors into artificial noses. Here, we investigate how well the olfactory receptors of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, perform in classifying volatile odourants that they would not normally encounter. We collected a large number of in vivo recordings from individual Drosophila olfactory receptor neurons in response to an ecologically relevant set of 36 chemicals related to wine ('wine set') and an ecologically irrelevant set of 35 chemicals related to chemical hazards ('industrial set'), each chemical at a single concentration. Resampled response sets were used to classify the chemicals against all others within each set, using a standard linear support vector machine classifier and a wrapper approach. Drosophila receptors appear highly capable of distinguishing chemicals that they have not evolved to process. In contrast to previous work with metal oxide sensors, Drosophila receptors achieved the best recognition accuracy if the outputs of all 20 receptor types were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nowotny
- Centre for Computational Neuroscience and Robotics, School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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30
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Dew WA, Azizishirazi A, Pyle GG. Contaminant-specific targeting of olfactory sensory neuron classes: connecting neuron class impairment with behavioural deficits. Chemosphere 2014; 112:519-525. [PMID: 24630454 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory system of fish comprises several classes of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). The odourants L-alanine and taurocholic acid (TCA) specifically activate microvillous or ciliated OSNs, respectively, in fish. We recorded electro-olfactograms (EOG) in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas; a laboratory-reared model species) and wild yellow perch (Perca flavescens) whose olfactory chambers were perfused with either L-alanine or TCA to determine if OSN classes were differentially vulnerable to contaminants, in this case copper or nickel. Results were consistent in both species and demonstrated that nickel targeted and impaired microvillous OSN function, while copper targeted and impaired ciliated OSN function. This result suggests that contaminant-specific effects observed in model laboratory species extrapolate to wild fish populations. Moreover, fathead minnows exposed to copper failed to perceive a conspecific alarm cue in a choice maze, whereas those exposed to nickel could respond to the same conspecific cue. These results demonstrate that fathead minnows perceive conspecific, damage-released alarm cue by ciliated, but not microvillous, OSNs. Fish living in copper-contaminated environments may be more vulnerable to predation than those in clean lakes owing to targeted effects on ciliated OSNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Dew
- Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Ali Azizishirazi
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Greg G Pyle
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada; Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada.
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Li Z, Ni JD, Huang J, Montell C. Requirement for Drosophila SNMP1 for rapid activation and termination of pheromone-induced activity. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004600. [PMID: 25255106 PMCID: PMC4177743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheromones are used for conspecific communication by many animals. In Drosophila, the volatile male-specific pheromone 11-cis vaccenyl acetate (cVA) supplies an important signal for gender recognition. Sensing of cVA by the olfactory system depends on multiple components, including an olfactory receptor (OR67d), the co-receptor ORCO, and an odorant binding protein (LUSH). In addition, a CD36 related protein, sensory neuron membrane protein 1 (SNMP1) is also involved in cVA detection. Loss of SNMP1 has been reported to eliminate cVA responsiveness, and to greatly increase spontaneous activity of OR67d-expressing olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). Here, we found the snmp1(1) mutation did not abolish cVA responsiveness or cause high spontaneous activity. The cVA responses in snmp1 mutants displayed a delayed onset, and took longer to reach peak activity than wild-type. Most strikingly, loss of SNMP1 caused a dramatic delay in signal termination. The profound impairment in signal inactivation accounted for the previously reported "spontaneous activity," which represented continuous activation following transient exposure to environmental cVA. We introduced the silk moth receptor (BmOR1) in OR67d ORNs of snmp1(1) flies and found that the ORNs showed slow activation and deactivation kinetics in response to the BmOR1 ligand (bombykol). We expressed the bombykol receptor complex in Xenopus oocytes in the presence or absence of the silk moth SNMP1 (BmSNMP) and found that addition of BmSNMP accelerated receptor activation and deactivation. Our results thus clarify SNMP1 as an important player required for the rapid kinetics of the pheromone response in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Li
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jinfei D. Ni
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Jia Huang
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Craig Montell
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
- * E-mail:
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32
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Quero C, Vidal B, Guerrero A. EAG responses increase of Spodoptera littoralis antennae after a single pheromone pulse. Nat Prod Commun 2014; 9:1099-1101. [PMID: 25233582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased behavioral sensitivity to the pheromone after brief exposure of the whole insect to the sex pheromone has been documented in antennal lobe neurons of Spodoptera littoralis. We investigated whether a brief stimulus of the major component of the pheromone on naïve antenna separated from the head increased the electroantennographic responses after successive stimulations at different times. The response increase was clear 30 min after the first stimulation, and this effect lasted at least 60 min, the average life time of the antenna. Our results suggest that the olfactory receptor neurons, and not only the neurons in the antennal lobe, may be involved in the increased antennal response after a single pheromone pulse.
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Omura M, Grosmaitre X, Ma M, Mombaerts P. The β2-adrenergic receptor as a surrogate odorant receptor in mouse olfactory sensory neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2014; 58:1-10. [PMID: 24211702 PMCID: PMC4492312 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mouse, mature olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) express one allele of one of the ~1200 odorant receptor (OR) genes, which encode G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Axons of OSNs that express the same OR coalesce into homogeneous glomeruli at conserved positions in the olfactory bulb. ORs are involved in OR gene choice and OSN axonal wiring, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. One approach is to substitute an OR genetically with another GPCR, and to determine in which aspects this GPCR can serve as a surrogate OR under experimental conditions. Here, we characterize a novel gene-targeted mouse strain in which the mouse β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) is coexpressed with tauGFP in OSNs that choose the OR locus M71 for expression (β2AR→M71-GFP). By crossing these mice with β2AR→M71-lacZ gene-targeted mice, we find that differentially tagged β2AR→M71 alleles are expressed monoallelically. The OR coding sequence is thus not required for monoallelic expression - the expression of one of the two alleles of a given OR gene in an OSN. We detect strong β2AR immunoreactivity in dendritic cilia of β2AR→M71-GFP OSNs. These OSNs respond to the β2AR agonist isoproterenol in a dose-dependent manner. Axons of β2AR→M71-GFP OSNs coalesce into homogeneous glomeruli, and β2AR immunoreactivity is detectable within these glomeruli. We do not find evidence for expression of endogenous β2AR in OSNs of wild-type mice, also not in M71-expressing OSNs, and we do not observe overt differences in the olfactory system of β2AR and β1AR knockout mice. Our findings corroborate the experimental value of the β2AR as a surrogate OR, including for the study of the mechanisms of monoallelic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Omura
- Max Planck Research Unit for Neurogenetics, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 3, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Xavier Grosmaitre
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Minghong Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter Mombaerts
- Max Planck Research Unit for Neurogenetics, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 3, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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Abstract
Insects detect environmental chemicals using chemosensory receptors, such as the ORs, a family of odorant-gated ion channels. Insect ORs are multimeric complexes of unknown stoichiometry, formed by a common subunit (the odorant receptor co-receptor subunit, Orco) and one of many variable subunits that confer odorant specificity. The recent discovery of Orco directed ligands, including both agonists and antagonists, suggests Orco as a promising target for chemical control of insects. In addition to competitively inhibiting OR activation by Orco agonists, several Orco antagonists have been shown to act through a non-competitive mechanism to inhibit OR activation by odorants. We previously identified a series of Orco antagonists, including N-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide (OX1a, previously referred to as OLC20). Here, we explore the chemical space around the OX1a structure to identify more potent Orco antagonists. Cqui\Orco+Cqui\Or21, an OR from Culex quinquefasciatus (the Southern House Mosquito) that responds to 3-methylindole (skatole) and is thought to mediate oviposition behavior, was expressed in Xenopus oocytes and receptor function assayed by two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology. 22 structural analogs of OX1a were screened for antagonism of OR activation by an Orco agonist. By varying the moieties decorating the phenyl and thiophene rings, and altering the distance between the rings, we were able to identify antagonists with improved potency. Detailed examination of three of these compounds (N-mesityl-2-thiophenecarboxamide, N-(4-methylbenzyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide and N-(2-ethylphenyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-2-propenamide) demonstrated competitive inhibition of receptor activation by an Orco agonist and non-competitive inhibition of receptor activation by an odorant. The ability to inhibit OR activation by odorants may be a general property of this class of Orco antagonist, suggesting that odorant mediated behaviors can be manipulated through Orco antagonism. The high conservation of Orco across insect species and previous demonstrations that various Orco ligands are active at ORs derived from several different insect orders suggests that Orco antagonists may have broad applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Charles W. Luetje
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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He Q, Yu W, Wu J, Chen C, Lou Z, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Wang J, Xiao B. Intranasal LPS-mediated Parkinson's model challenges the pathogenesis of nasal cavity and environmental toxins. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78418. [PMID: 24250796 PMCID: PMC3826714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence implicates the relationship between neuroinflammation and pathogenesis in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD). The nose has recently been considered a gate way to the brain which facilitates entry of environmental neurotoxin into the brain. Our study aims to build a PD model by a natural exposure route. In this report, we establish a new endotoxin-based PD model in mice by unilateral intranasal (i.n.) instillation of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) every other day for 5 months. These mice display a progressive hypokinesia, selective loss of dopaminergic neurons, and reduction in striatal dopamine (DA) content, as well as α-synuclein aggregation in the SN, without systemic inflammatory and immune responses. This new PD model provides a tool for studying the inflammation-mediated chronic pathogenesis and searching for therapeutic intervention in glia-neuron pathway that will slow or halt neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Physical Test, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Chen
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyin Lou
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (BX); (JW)
| | - Baoguo Xiao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (BX); (JW)
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Tan SJ, Kee MZL, Mathuru AS, Burkholder WF, Jesuthasan SJ. A microfluidic device to sort cells based on dynamic response to a stimulus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78261. [PMID: 24250795 PMCID: PMC3826715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Single cell techniques permit the analysis of cellular properties that are obscured by studying the average behavior of cell populations. One way to determine how gene expression contributes to phenotypic differences among cells is to combine functional analysis with transcriptional profiling of single cells. Here we describe a microfluidic device for monitoring the responses of single cells to a ligand and then collecting cells of interest for transcriptional profiling or other assays. As a test, cells from the olfactory epithelium of zebrafish were screened by calcium imaging to identify sensory neurons that were responsive to the odorant L-lysine. Single cells were subsequently recovered for transcriptional profiling by qRT-PCR. Responsive cells all expressed TRPC2 but not OMP, consistent with known properties of amino-acid sensitive olfactory neurons. The device can be adapted for other areas in biology where there is a need to sort and analyze cells based on their signaling responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swee Jin Tan
- Microfluidics Systems Biology Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michelle Z. L. Kee
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ajay Sriram Mathuru
- Neural Circuitry and Behavior Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - William F. Burkholder
- Microfluidics Systems Biology Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suresh J. Jesuthasan
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Neural Circuitry and Behavior Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Tadesse T, Derby CD, Schmidt M. Mechanisms underlying odorant-induced and spontaneous calcium signals in olfactory receptor neurons of spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2013; 200:53-76. [PMID: 24178131 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-013-0861-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We determined if a newly developed antennule slice preparation allows studying chemosensory properties of spiny lobster olfactory receptor neurons under in situ conditions with Ca(2+) imaging. We show that chemical stimuli reach the dendrites of olfactory receptor neurons but not their somata, and that odorant-induced Ca(2+) signals in the somata are sufficiently stable over time to allow stimulation with a substantial number of odorants. Pharmacological manipulations served to elucidate the source of odorant-induced Ca(2+) transients and spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations in the somata of olfactory receptor neurons. Both Ca(2+) signals are primarily mediated by an influx of extracellular Ca(2+) through voltage-activated Ca(2+) channels that can be blocked by CoCl2 and the L-type Ca(2+) channel blocker verapamil. Intracellular Ca(2+) stores contribute little to odorant-induced Ca(2+) transients and spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations. The odorant-induced Ca(2+) transients as well as the spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations depend on action potentials mediated by Na(+) channels that are largely TTX-insensitive but blocked by the local anesthetics tetracaine and lidocaine. Collectively, these results corroborate the conclusion that odorant-induced Ca(2+) transients and spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations in the somata of olfactory receptor neurons closely reflect action potential activity associated with odorant-induced phasic-tonic responses and spontaneous bursting, respectively. Therefore, both types of Ca(2+) signals represent experimentally accessible proxies of spiking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tizeta Tadesse
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5030, Atlanta, GA, 30302-5030, USA
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38
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Liu F, Chen L, Appel AG, Liu N. Olfactory responses of the antennal trichoid sensilla to chemical repellents in the mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus. J Insect Physiol 2013; 59:1169-77. [PMID: 24035746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Insect repellents are widely used to protect against insect bites and thus prevent allergic reaction and the spread of disease. To gain insight into the mosquito's response to chemicals repellents, we investigated the interaction between the olfactory system of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say and chemical repellents using single sensillum recording. The interactions of 50 repellent chemicals with olfactory receptor neurons were measured in six different types of mosquito sensilla: long sharp trichoid (LST), short sharp trichoid (SST), short blunt trichoid I (SBT-I), short blunt trichoid II (SBT-II), short blunt trichoid-curved (SBT-C), and grooved peg (GP). A single olfactory neuron reacted to the chemical repellents in each of the sensilla except for SBT-I and SBT-II, where two neurons were involved. Other than LST and GP, which showed no or very weak responses to the repellents tested, all the sensilla showed significant excitatory responses to certain types of repellents. Terpene-derived chemicals such as eucalyptol, α-pinene, and camphor, stimulated olfactory receptor neurons in a dose-dependent manner and mosquitoes responded more strongly to terpene-derived chemical repellents than to non-terpene-derived chemicals such as dimethyl phthalate. Mosquitoes also exhibited a similar response to stereoisomers of chemicals such as (-)-β-pinene versus (+)-β-pinene, and (-)-menthone versus (+)-menthone. This study not only demonstrates the effects of chemical repellents on the mosquito olfactory system but also provides important information that will assist those screening new mosquito repellents and designing new mosquito control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Oshimoto A, Wakabayashi Y, Garske A, Lopez R, Rolen S, Flowers M, Arevalo N, Restrepo D. Potential role of transient receptor potential channel M5 in sensing putative pheromones in mouse olfactory sensory neurons. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61990. [PMID: 23613997 PMCID: PMC3628705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on pharmacological studies of chemosensory transduction in transient receptor potential channel M5 (TRPM5) knockout mice it was hypothesized that this channel is involved in transduction for a subset of putative pheromones in mouse olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Yet, in the same study an electroolfactogram (EOG) in the mouse olfactory epithelium showed no significant difference in the responses to pheromones (and odors) between wild type and TRPM5 knockout mice. Here we show that the number of OSNs expressing TRPM5 is increased by unilateral naris occlusion. Importantly, EOG experiments show that mice lacking TRPM5 show a decreased response in the occluded epithelia to putative pheromones as opposed to wild type mice that show no change upon unilateral naris occlusion. This evidence indicates that under decreased olfactory sensory input TRPM5 plays a role in mediating putative pheromone transduction. Furthermore, we demonstrate that cyclic nucleotide gated channel A2 knockout (CNGA2-KO) mice that show substantially decreased or absent responses to odors and pheromones also have elevated levels of TRPM5 compared to wild type mice. Taken together, our evidence suggests that TRPM5 plays a role in mediating transduction for putative pheromones under conditions of reduced chemosensory input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Oshimoto
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Program, and Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Yoshihiro Wakabayashi
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Anna Garske
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Program, and Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Roberto Lopez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Program, and Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Shane Rolen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Program, and Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Michael Flowers
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Program, and Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Nicole Arevalo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Program, and Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Diego Restrepo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Program, and Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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40
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Ukhanov K, Corey EA, Ache BW. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase dependent inhibition as a broad basis for opponent coding in Mammalian olfactory receptor neurons. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61553. [PMID: 23585911 PMCID: PMC3621990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling has been implicated in mediating inhibitory odorant input to mammalian olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). To better understand the breadth of such inhibition in odor coding, we screened a panel of odorants representing different chemical classes, as well as odorants known to occur in a natural odor object (tomato), for their ability to rapidly activate PI3K-dependent inhibitory signaling. Odorants were screened on dissociated native rat ORNs before and after pre-incubation with the PI3K-isoform specific blockers AS252424 and TGX221. Many different odorants increased their excitatory strength for particular ORNs following PI3K blockade in a manner consistent with activating PI3K-dependent inhibitory signaling in those cells. The PI3K-dependent inhibitory odorants overlapped with conventional excitatory odorants, but did not share the same bias, indicating partial partitioning of the odor space. Finding that PI3K-dependent inhibition can be activated by a wide range of otherwise conventional excitatory odorants strongly implies PI3K-dependent inhibition provides a broad basis for opponent coding in mammalian ORNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Ukhanov
- Whitney Laboratory, Center for Smell and Taste, McKnight Brain Institute; University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
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41
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Party V, Hanot C, Büsser DS, Rochat D, Renou M. Changes in odor background affect the locomotory response to pheromone in moths. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52897. [PMID: 23301000 PMCID: PMC3534683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many animals rely on chemical cues to recognize and locate a resource, and they must extract the relevant information from a complex and changing odor environment. For example, in moths, finding a mate is mediated by a sex pheromone, which is detected in a rich environment of volatile plant compounds. Here, we investigated the effects of a volatile plant background on the walking response of male Spodoptera littoralis to the female pheromone. Males were stimulated by combining pheromone with one of three plant compounds, and their walking paths were recorded with a locomotion compensator and analyzed. We found that the addition of certain volatile plant compounds disturbed the orientation toward the sex pheromone. The effect on locomotion was correlated with the capacity of the plant compound to antagonize pheromone detection by olfactory receptor neurons, suggesting a masking effect of the background over the pheromone signal. Moths were more sensitive to changes in background compared to a constant background, suggesting that a background odor also acts as a distracting stimulus. Our experiments show that the effects of odorant background on insect responses to chemical signals are complex and cannot be explained by a single mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Party
- UMR 1272 Physiologie de l'Insecte Signalisation et Communication, INRA, Versailles, France.
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Hassenklöver T, Pallesen LP, Schild D, Manzini I. Amino acid- vs. peptide-odorants: responses of individual olfactory receptor neurons in an aquatic species. PLoS One 2012; 7:e53097. [PMID: 23300867 PMCID: PMC3531423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are widely used waterborne olfactory stimuli proposed to serve as cues in the search for food. In natural waters the main source of amino acids is the decomposition of proteins. But this process also produces a variety of small peptides as intermediate cleavage products. In the present study we tested whether amino acids actually are the natural and adequate stimuli for the olfactory receptors they bind to. Alternatively, these olfactory receptors could be peptide receptors which also bind amino acids though at lower affinity. Employing calcium imaging in acute slices of the main olfactory epithelium of the fully aquatic larvae of Xenopus laevis we show that amino acids, and not peptides, are more effective waterborne odorants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hassenklöver
- Department of Neurophysiology and Cellular Biophysics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain” (CNMPB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lars P. Pallesen
- Department of Neurophysiology and Cellular Biophysics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Detlev Schild
- Department of Neurophysiology and Cellular Biophysics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain” (CNMPB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivan Manzini
- Department of Neurophysiology and Cellular Biophysics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain” (CNMPB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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François A, Grauso M, Demondion E, Bozzolan F, Debernard S, Lucas P. Bestrophin-encoded Ca²⁺-activated Cl⁻ channels underlie a current with properties similar to the native current in the moth Spodoptera littoralis olfactory receptor neurons. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52691. [PMID: 23300744 PMCID: PMC3530479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Responses of insect olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) involve an entry of Ca2+ through olfactory heterodimeric receptor complexes. In moths, the termination of ORN responses was found to strongly depend on the external Ca2+ concentration through the activation of unknown Ca2+-dependent Cl− channels. We thus investigated the molecular identity of these Cl− channels. There is compelling evidence that bestrophins form Cl− channels when expressed in heterologous systems. Here we provide evidence that antennae of the moth Spodoptera littoralis express three transcripts encoding proteins with hallmarks of bestrophins. One of these transcripts, SlitBest1b, is expressed in ORNs. The heterologous expression of SlitBest1b protein in CHO-K1 cells yielded a Ca2+-activated Cl− current that shares electrophysiological properties with the native Ca2+-activated Cl− current of ORNs. Both currents are anionic, present similar dependence on the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, partly inactivate over time, have the same anion permeability sequence, the same sequence of inhibitory efficiency of blockers, the same almost linear I–V relationships and finally both currents do not depend on the cell volume. Therefore, our data suggest that SlitBest1b is a good candidate for being a molecular component of the olfactory Ca2+-activated Cl− channel and is likely to constitute part of the insect olfactory transduction pathway. A different function (e.g. regulation of other proteins, maintenance of the anionic homeostasis in the sensillar lymph) and a different role (e.g. involvement in the olfactory system development) cannot be excluded however.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien François
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1272 Physiologie de l’Insecte : Signalisation et Communication, Versailles, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR 1272 Physiologie de l’Insecte: Signalisation et Communication, Paris, France
| | - Marta Grauso
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1272 Physiologie de l’Insecte : Signalisation et Communication, Versailles, France
| | - Elodie Demondion
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1272 Physiologie de l’Insecte : Signalisation et Communication, Versailles, France
| | - Françoise Bozzolan
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR 1272 Physiologie de l’Insecte: Signalisation et Communication, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Debernard
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR 1272 Physiologie de l’Insecte: Signalisation et Communication, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Lucas
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1272 Physiologie de l’Insecte : Signalisation et Communication, Versailles, France
- * E-mail:
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Moberly AH, Czarnecki LA, Pottackal J, Rubinstein T, Turkel DJ, Kass MD, McGann JP. Intranasal exposure to manganese disrupts neurotransmitter release from glutamatergic synapses in the central nervous system in vivo. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:996-1004. [PMID: 22542936 PMCID: PMC3432160 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to aerosolized manganese induces a neurological disorder that includes extrapyramidal motor symptoms and cognitive impairment. Inhaled manganese can bypass the blood-brain barrier and reach the central nervous system by transport down the olfactory nerve to the brain's olfactory bulb. However, the mechanism by which Mn disrupts neural function remains unclear. Here we used optical imaging techniques to visualize exocytosis in olfactory nerve terminals in vivo in the mouse olfactory bulb. Acute Mn exposure via intranasal instillation of 2-200 μg MnCl(2) solution caused a dose-dependent reduction in odorant-evoked neurotransmitter release, with significant effects at as little as 2 μg MnCl(2) and a 90% reduction compared to vehicle controls with a 200 μg exposure. This reduction was also observed in response to direct electrical stimulation of the olfactory nerve layer in the olfactory bulb, demonstrating that Mn's action is occurring centrally, not peripherally. This is the first direct evidence that Mn intoxication can disrupt neurotransmitter release, and is consistent with previous work suggesting that chronic Mn exposure limits amphetamine-induced dopamine increases in the basal ganglia despite normal levels of dopamine synthesis (Guilarte et al., J Neurochem 2008). The commonality of Mn's action between glutamatergic neurons in the olfactory bulb and dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia suggests that a disruption of neurotransmitter release may be a general consequence wherever Mn accumulates in the brain and could underlie its pleiotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Moberly
- Behavioral Neuroscience Section, Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
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Hao S, Yu F, Yan A, Zhang Y, Han J, Jiang X. In utero and lactational lanthanum exposure induces olfactory dysfunction associated with downregulation of βIII-tubulin and olfactory marker protein in young rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 148:383-91. [PMID: 22407468 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the role of βIII-tubulin in the morphology of olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) and olfactory dysfunction in offspring caused by prenatal and postnatal lanthanum exposure. Pregnant rats were exposed to 0.25% lanthanum chloride in drinking water from gestational day (GD) 7 until postnatal day 21. From postnatal day 23 until postnatal day 28, pups were examined with buried food pellet and olfactory maze test. The ultrastructural features of ORNs in the olfactory epithelium (OE) were observed by transmission electron microscope. The expression of βIII-tubulin and olfactory marker protein (OMP) in the tissue sections and homogenates of OE were, respectively, measured by immunodetection and western blot. Behavioral analysis of olfaction showed that lanthanum chloride exposure induced olfactory dysfunction. Offsprings exposed to lanthanum chloride showed enlarged ORN knobs and a decreased number of cilia. In addition, the levels of OMP and βIII-tubulin expression in lanthanum chloride exposure offsprings significantly decreased. Developmental lanthanum exposure could impair olfaction, and this deficit may be attributed to the downregulation of βIII-tubulin and OMP in the OE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hao
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
In mammals, odorants are detected by a large family of receptors that are each expressed in just a small subset of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Here we describe a strain of transgenic mice engineered to express an octanal receptor in almost all OSNs. Remarkably, octanal triggered a striking and involuntary phenotype in these animals, with passive exposure regularly inducing seizures. Octanal exposure invariably resulted in widespread activation of OSNs but interestingly seizures only occurred in 30–40% of trials. We hypothesized that this reflects the need for the olfactory system to filter strong but slowly-changing backgrounds from salient signals. Therefore we used an olfactometer to control octanal delivery and demonstrated suppression of responses whenever this odorant is delivered slowly. By contrast, rapid exposure of the mice to octanal induced seizure in every trial. Our results expose new details of olfactory processing and provide a robust and non-invasive platform for studying epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Q Nguyen
- Taste and Smell Section, Laboratory of Sensory Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
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47
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Abstract
Background Within the cilia of vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons, Ca2+ accumulates during odor transduction. Termination of the odor response requires removal of this Ca2+, and prior evidence suggests that both Na+/Ca2+ exchange and plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) contribute to this removal. Principal Findings In intact mouse olfactory epithelium, we measured the time course of termination of the odor-induced field potential. Replacement of mucosal Na+ with Li+, which reduces the ability of Na+/Ca2+ exchange to expel Ca2+, prolonged the termination as expected. However, treating the epithelium with the specific PMCA inhibitor caloxin 1b1 caused no significant increase in the time course of response termination. Conclusions Under these experimental conditions, PMCA does not contribute detectably to the termination of the odor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin R. Griff
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nancy K. Kleene
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Steven J. Kleene
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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48
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Kao YY, Cheng TJ, Yang DM, Wang CT, Chiung YM, Liu PS. Demonstration of an olfactory bulb-brain translocation pathway for ZnO nanoparticles in rodent cells in vitro and in vivo. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 48:464-71. [PMID: 22528453 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are widely used in the engineering and cosmetic industries, and inhaled airborne particles pose a known hazard to human health; their translocation into humans is a recognized public health concern. The pulmonary-blood pathway for ZnO-NP toxicity is well documented, but whether translocation of these particles can also occur via an olfactory bulb-brain route remains unclear. The potential toxicity of ZnO-NPs for the human central nervous system (CNS) is predicated on the possibility of their translocation. Our study investigated translocation of ZnO-NPs both in vitro using the neuronal cell line PC12 and in vivo in a Sprague-Dawley rat model. Our findings indicate that the zinc-binding dye, Newport-Green DCF, binds ZnO stoichiometrically and that ZnO-NP concentration can therefore be measured by the fluorescence intensity of the bound dye in confocal fluorescence microscopy. Confocal data obtained using Newport-Green DCF-2 K(+)-conjugated ZnO-NPs along with the membrane probe FM1-43 demonstrated endocytosis of ZnO-NPs by PC12 cells. In addition, Fluozin-3 measurement showed elevation of cytosolic Zn(2+) concentration in these cells. Following in vivo nasal exposure of rats to airborne ZnO-NPs, olfactory bulbs and brains that were examined by Newport-Green fluorescence and TEM particle measurement clearly showed the presence of ZnO-NPs in brain. We conclude that an olfactory bulb-brain translocation pathway for airborne ZnO-NPs exists in rats, and that endocytosis is required for interneuron translocation of these particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yun Kao
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Shihlin, Shilin District, Taipei 111, Taiwan
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Blinova NK, Cherkashin SA. [Olfactory system of crustaceans: structural, functional organization and perspectives of ecologo-toxicological studies]. Zh Evol Biokhim Fiziol 2012; 48:109-117. [PMID: 22645971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Based on our own studies and literature data, we considered peculiarities of the structural-functional organization of the crustacean olfactory system and effect of pollutants on it. There are described changes of behavioral reactions based on chemoreception under conditions of pollution of the aquatic medium. Expedience of study of the crustacean olfactory system as a perspective object for ecologo-toxicological studies is substantiated.
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50
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Jones PL, Pask GM, Romaine IM, Taylor RW, Reid PR, Waterson AG, Sulikowski GA, Zwiebel LJ. Allosteric antagonism of insect odorant receptor ion channels. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30304. [PMID: 22272331 PMCID: PMC3260273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At a molecular level, insects utilize members of several highly divergent and unrelated families of cell-surface chemosensory receptors for detection of volatile odorants. Most odors are detected via a family of odorant receptors (ORs), which form heteromeric complexes consisting of a well-conserved OR co-receptor (Orco) ion channel and a non-conserved tuning OR that provides coding specificity to each complex. Orco functions as a non-selective cation channel and is expressed in the majority of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). As the destructive behaviors of many insects are principally driven by olfaction, Orco represents a novel target for behavior-based control strategies. While many natural and synthetic odorants have been shown to agonize Orco/Or complexes, only a single direct Orco modulator, VUAA1, has been described. In an effort to identify additional Orco modulators, we have investigated the structure/activity relationships around VUAA1. RESULTS A search of our compound library identified several VUAA1 analogs that were selected for evaluation against HEK cells expressing Orco from the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae (AgOrco). While the majority of compounds displayed no activity, many of these analogs possess no intrinsic efficacy, but instead, act as competitive VUAA1 antagonists. Using calcium mobilization assays, patch clamp electrophysiology, and single sensillum in vivo recording, we demonstrate that one such candidate, VU0183254, is a specific allosteric modulator of OR signaling, capable of broadly inhibiting odor-mediated OR complex activation. CONCLUSIONS We have described and characterized the first Orco antagonist, that is capable of non-competitively inhibiting odorant-evoked activation of OR complexes, thereby providing additional insight into the structure/function of this unique family of ligand-gated ion channels. While Orco antagonists are likely to have limited utility in insect control programs, they represent important pharmacological tools that will facilitate the investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying insect olfactory signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L. Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Gregory M. Pask
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ian M. Romaine
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Paul R. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Alex G. Waterson
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Gary A. Sulikowski
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Laurence J. Zwiebel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Global Health and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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