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Yoon YJ, Lim JY. The Usefulness of Salivary Gland Organoids for Evaluation of the Potency of Botulinum Neurotoxin. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:2697-2704. [PMID: 38294269 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is a substance used to treat chronic sialorrhea, muscle dystonia, and is used in cosmetic applications. Measuring the potency of BoNT is crucial because it acts even with a small amount. However, the current methods for measuring the potency of BoNT involve using two-dimensional neuroblastoma cell line-based methods. In this study, we aimed to develop a new method to measure the potency of BoNT using a three-dimensional organoid culture system. MATERIALS AND METHOD We established the optimal conditions for coculturing N2a neuronal cells with murine salivary gland organoids (SGOs). After determining the appropriate chemical concentrations, we treated the SGOs cocultured with N2a cells with BoNT type A (BoNT/A). We confirmed the expression of salivary gland-related genes and proteins using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS The SGOs cocultured with N2a cells showed that the dendrites or axons of neuronal cells were in contact with the outermost layer of the SGOs. When we applied acetylcholine and neostigmine to the coculture systems, the mRNA expression of Aqp5 and Bhlha15, associated with salivary gland secretory cells, increased. However, this effect was reversed when BoNT/A was applied, as confirmed through real-time PCR. CONCLUSION We found that the coculture system of SGOs and N2a neuronal cells can potentially serve as a potency testing platform for BoNT. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 134:2697-2704, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Jun Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yol Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Muniz M, Loprinzi CL, Orme JJ, Koch RM, Mahmoud AM, Kase AM, Riaz IB, Andrews JR, Thorpe MP, Johnson GB, Kendi AT, Kwon ED, Nauseef JT, Morgans AK, Sartor O, Childs DS. Salivary toxicity from PSMA-targeted radiopharmaceuticals: What we have learned and where we are going. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 127:102748. [PMID: 38703593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Clinical trials of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeted radiopharmaceuticals have shown encouraging results. Some agents, like lutetium-177 [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 ([177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617), are already approved for late line treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Projections are for continued growth of this treatment modality; [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 is being studied both in earlier stages of disease and in combination with other anti-cancer therapies. Further, the drug development pipeline is deep with variations of PSMA-targeting radionuclides, including higher energy alpha particles conjugated to PSMA-honing vectors. It is safe to assume that an increasing number of patients will be exposed to PSMA-targeted radiopharmaceuticals during the course of their cancer treatment. In this setting, it is important to better understand and mitigate the most commonly encountered toxicities. One particularly vexing side effect is xerostomia. In this review, we discuss the scope of the problem, inventories to better characterize and monitor this troublesome side effect, and approaches to preserve salivary function and effectively palliate symptoms. This article aims to serve as a useful reference for prescribers of PSMA-targeted radiopharmaceuticals, while also commenting on areas of missing data and opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Muniz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US.
| | | | - Jacob J Orme
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US.
| | - Regina M Koch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US.
| | | | - Adam M Kase
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville FL, US.
| | - Irbaz B Riaz
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, US.
| | - Jack R Andrews
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, US.
| | - Matthew P Thorpe
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US.
| | - Geoffrey B Johnson
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US.
| | - Ayse T Kendi
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US.
| | - Eugene D Kwon
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US.
| | - Jones T Nauseef
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, US.
| | - Alicia K Morgans
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, US.
| | - Oliver Sartor
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US; Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US.
| | - Daniel S Childs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US.
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Cergel E, Tuzuner BA, Turkyilmaz IB, Oktay S, Magaji UF, Sacan O, Yanardag R, Yarat A. Reversal of Valproate-Induced Major Salivary Gland Changes By Moringa Oleifera Extract in Rats. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301959. [PMID: 38469951 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the potential protective impacts of Moringa oleifera extract on major alteration in salivary glands of rats exposed to sodium valproate (VA). Groups were defined as control, control+moringa extract, sodium valproate, and sodium valproate+moringa extract. Antioxidant and oxidant status, activities of digestive and metabolic enzymes were examined. VA treatment led to various biochemical changes in the salivary glands, including decreased levels of antioxidants like glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase (except for sublingual superoxide dismutase). Conversely, a decrease in alpha-amylase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, protease, and maltase activities were observed. The study also demonstrated that VA induces oxidative stress, increases lipid peroxidation, sialic acid, and nitric oxide levels in the salivary glands. Total oxidant capacity was raised in all glands except in the sublingual gland. The electrophoretic patterns of proteins were similar. Moringa oleifera extract exhibited protective properties, reversing these VA-induced biochemical changes due to its antioxidant and therapeutic attributes. This research suggests that moringa extract might serve as an alternative treatment approach for individuals using VA and experiencing salivary gland issues, although further research is necessary to confirm these findings in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Cergel
- Biochemistry Master of Science Student, Health Sciences Institute, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkiye
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Halic University, Eyupsultan, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Burcin Alev Tuzuner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Gelisim University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkiye
- Life Sciences and Biomedical Engineering Application and Research Centre, Istanbul Gelisim University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Ismet Burcu Turkyilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Sehkar Oktay
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Umar Faruk Magaji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkiye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Ozlem Sacan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Aysen Yarat
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkiye
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Cunha Nascimento P, Alana Bragança Aragão W, Oliveira Bittencourt L, Dionizio A, A. R. Buzalaf M, Crespo-Lopez ME, Lima RR. Maternal methylmercury exposure changes the proteomic profile of the offspring's salivary glands: Prospects on translational toxicology. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258969. [PMID: 34748590 PMCID: PMC8575261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methylmercury (MeHg) remains a public health issue since developing organisms are particularly vulnerable to this environmental contaminant. This study investigated the effect of maternal MeHg exposure on the modulation of proteomic profile of parotid (PA), submandibular (SM), and sublingual (SL) glands of offspring rats. Materials and methods Pregnant Wistar rats were daily exposed to 40 μg/kg MeHg during both gestational and lactation periods. The proteomic profiles of the major salivary glands of the offspring rats were analyzed through mass spectrometry. Results The offspring rats exposed to MeHg showed significant alterations in the proteomic profiles of the PA, SM, and SL glands. Altered proteins were associated with cytoskeleton components, tissue morphogenesis, and response to stimulus and stress. Conclusion This original study showed that maternal MeHg exposure significantly modulates the expression of proteins and induces alterations in the proteomic profiles of developing salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Cunha Nascimento
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Walessa Alana Bragança Aragão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia A. R. Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Zhang SQ, Chen HB, Liu J, Dai WJ, Lu QQ, Li JC. Research status and prospects of acupuncture for prevention and treatment of chemo- and radiotherapy-induced salivary gland dysfunction in head and neck cancer. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 304:2381-2396. [PMID: 34626452 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Salivary gland dysfunction (SGD) induced by chemo- and radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC) has always been a difficult problem in modern medicine. The quality of life of a large number of HNC patients is severely impaired by SGD such as xerostomia and dysphagia. In recent years, several studies have found that acupuncture can improve patients' salivary secretion, but it has not yet been approved as an alternative therapy for SGD. For this reason, we collected the clinical study reports on acupuncture in the treatment of SGD induced by chemo- and radiotherapy in HNC patients in the past 20 years, and analyzed and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of these studies with respect to tumor types, group setting, intervention modality, acupoints selection, outcome evaluation, and safety. We believed that acupuncture is beneficial for SGD, but the existing objective evidence is insufficient to support its effectiveness. Therefore, improving the Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture, selecting the optimal combination of acupoints through scientific and rigorous study design, and exploring the potential mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of diseases combined with the meridian theory may be effective ways to promote the acceptance of acupuncture as an alternative therapy for SGD in future. The significance of this review is to provide a reference for researchers to carry out high-quality clinical trials of acupuncture in the treatment of SGD in future from the perspective of the combination of modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Qiang Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Hai-Bin Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Wen-Jie Dai
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Qi-Qi Lu
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Li
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Pontarini E, Sciacca E, Grigoriadou S, Rivellese F, Lucchesi D, Fossati-Jimack L, Coleby R, Chowdhury F, Calcaterra F, Tappuni A, Lewis MJ, Fabris M, Quartuccio L, Bella SD, Bowman S, Pitzalis C, Mavilio D, De Vita S, Bombardieri M. NKp30 Receptor Upregulation in Salivary Glands of Sjögren's Syndrome Characterizes Ectopic Lymphoid Structures and Is Restricted by Rituximab Treatment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:706737. [PMID: 34594326 PMCID: PMC8477027 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.706737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease resulting from the inflammatory infiltration of exocrine glands, mainly salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to secretory dysfunction and serious complications including debilitating fatigue, systemic autoimmunity, and lymphoma. Like other autoimmune disorders, a strong interferon (IFN) signature is present among subsets of pSS patients, suggesting the involvement of innate immunity in pSS pathogenesis. NCR3/NKp30 is a natural killer (NK) cell-specific activating receptor regulating the cross talk between NK and dendritic cells including type II IFN secretion upon NK-cell activation. A genetic association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NCR3/NKp30 promoter gene and a higher susceptibility for pSS has been previously described, with pSS patients most frequently carrying the major allele variant associated with a higher NKp30 transcript and IFN-γ release as a consequence of the receptor engagement. In the present study, we combined RNA-sequencing and histology from pSS salivary gland biopsies to better characterize NKp30 (NCR3) and its ligand B7/H6 (NCR3LG1) in pSS salivary gland tissues. Levels of NCR3/NKp30 were significantly increased both in salivary glands and in circulating NK cells of pSS patients compared with sicca controls, especially in salivary glands with organized ectopic lymphoid structures. In line with this observation, a strong correlation between NCR3/NKp30 levels and salivary gland infiltrating immune cells (CD3, CD20) was found. Furthermore, NCR3/NKp30 levels also correlated with higher IFN-γ, Perforin, and Granzyme-B expression in pSS SGs with organized ectopic lymphoid structures, suggesting an activation state of NK cells infiltrating SG tissue. Of note, NKp30+ NK cells accumulated at the border of the inflammatory foci, while the NKp30 ligand, B7/H6, is shown to be expressed mainly by ductal epithelial cells in pSS salivary glands. Finally, immunomodulatory treatment, such as the B-cell depleting agent rituximab, known to reduce the infiltration of immune cells in pSS SGs, prevented the upregulation of NCR3/NKp30 within the glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pontarini
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabetta Sciacca
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Grigoriadou
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Felice Rivellese
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Lucchesi
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Liliane Fossati-Jimack
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Coleby
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Farzana Chowdhury
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Calcaterra
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anwar Tappuni
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Myles J. Lewis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Fabris
- Istituto Di Patologia Clinica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine (ASUID), Udine, Italy
| | - Luca Quartuccio
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, School of Rheumatology, Academic Hospital “Santa Maria della Misericordia”, Udine, Italy
| | - Silvia Della Bella
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simon Bowman
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health System (NHS) Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore De Vita
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, School of Rheumatology, Academic Hospital “Santa Maria della Misericordia”, Udine, Italy
| | - Michele Bombardieri
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
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Nogueira LS, Vasconcelos CP, Mitre GP, Kataoka MSDS, Bittencourt LO, Lima MO, de Oliveira EHC, Crespo-Lopez ME, Lima RR. Metabolic and oxidative impairments in human salivary gland cells line exposed to MeHg. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 66:126747. [PMID: 33773279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The ingestion of contaminated seafood by MeHg is considered the main route of human exposure, turning the salivary gland one important target organ. The salivary glands play critical roles in maintaining oral health homeostasis, producing saliva that maintains the oral microbiota, initiation of the digestion of macromolecules, and being essential in maintaining the integrity of the adjacent soft tissues and teeth. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of MeHg exposure on human salivary gland cells line. METHODS Cells were exposed to 1-6 μM of MeHg for 24 h, and analysis of toxicity was performed. Based on these results, the LC50 was calculated and two concentrations were chosen (0.25 and 2.5 μM MeHg) to evaluate intracellular mercury (Hg) accumulation (THg), metabolic viability and oxidative stress parameters (GSH:GSSG ratio, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and DNA damage). RESULTS The results demonstrated accumulation of THg as we increased the MeHg concentrations in the exposure and, the higher the dose, the lower is the cell metabolic response. In addition, the 2.5 μM MeHg concentration also triggered oxidative stress in human salivary gland cells by depleting the antioxidant competence of GSH:GSSG ratio and increasing lipid peroxidation and proteins carbonyl levels, but no damages to DNA integrity. CONCLUSION In conclusion, although these two elected doses did not show lethal effects, the highest dose triggered oxidative stress and new questionings about long-term exposure models are raised to investigate furthers cellular damages to human salivary gland cells caused by MeHg exposure to extrapolate in a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lygia S Nogueira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Carolina P Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Cell Culture and Cytogenetics, Environment Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Marcelo O Lima
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Environment Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Edivaldo H C de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cell Culture and Cytogenetics, Environment Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
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Wang Y, Xiao J, Duan Y, Miao M, Huang B, Chen J, Cheng G, Zhou X, Jin Y, He J, Li Z, So KF. Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide Ameliorates Sjögren's Syndrome in a Murine Model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001118. [PMID: 33825332 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). METHODS AND RESULTS Non-obese diabetic mice (the pSS model) are randomly divided into four groups: Low dose LBP (LBP.L, 5 mg kg-1 d-1 ), high dose LBP (10 mg kg-1 d-1 ), low dose interleukin (IL)-2 (25 000 IU/d), and control (saline water). Drugs were treated for 12 weeks. LBP.L significantly reduces the salivary gland inflammation compared with the control group (histological score p LBP.L vs Control = 0.019; foci number: p LBP.L vs Control = 0.038). LBP.L also remarkably reduces the effector follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and the CD4+ IL-17A+ helper T (Th17) cells in both spleen and cervical lymph node (cLN) cells. Additionally, the ratios of regulatory T cell (Treg)/Tfh cells and Treg/Th17 cells are substantially increased in mice treated with LBP.L in both spleen and cLNs. LBP also inhibits Th17 and Tfh cells and markedly increases the Treg/Tfh ratio in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CONCLUSION LBP.L inhibits the progression of pSS in mice, associated with modulation of T cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Xiao
- Clinical Research Institute and Department of Interventional Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Duan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Miao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyu Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuebo Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Kim K, Min S, Kim D, Kim H, Roh S. A Rho Kinase (ROCK) Inhibitor, Y-27632, Inhibits the Dissociation-Induced Cell Death of Salivary Gland Stem Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092658. [PMID: 34062818 PMCID: PMC8124333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland stem cells (SGSCs) are potential cell sources for the treatment of salivary gland diseases. The control of cell survival is an essential factor for applying stem cells to regenerative medicine or stem cell-based research. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 on the survival of SGSCs and its underlying mechanisms. SGSCs were isolated from mouse submandibular glands and cultured in suspension. Treatment with Y-27632 restored the viability of SGSCs that was significantly decreased during isolation and the subsequent culture. Y-27632 upregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 in SGSCs and, in the apoptosis assay, significantly reduced apoptotic and necrotic cell populations. Matrigel was used to mimic the extracellular environment of an intact salivary gland. The expression of genes regulating apoptosis and the ROCK signaling pathway was significantly reduced when SGSCs were embedded in Matrigel. SGSCs cultured in Matrigel and treated with Y-27632 showed no difference in the total numbers of spheroids and expression levels of apoptosis-regulating genes. Matrigel-embedded SGSCs treated with Y-27632 increased the number of spheroids with budding structures and the expression of acinar cell-specific marker AQP5. We demonstrate the protective effects of Y-27632 against dissociation-induced apoptosis of SGSCs during their culture in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kichul Kim
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Sol Min
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Daehwan Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Sangho Roh
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.K.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-880-2333
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10
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Kang WS, Jung WK, Park SB, Kim HR, Kim J. Gemigliptin suppresses salivary dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111297. [PMID: 33493968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes commonly experience hyposalivation, which induces discomfort in eating, swallowing, dryness, smell, and speaking, as well as increases the incidence of periodontal disease. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors are frequently used as antidiabetic drugs that lower glucose levels by utilizing similar mechanisms; however, additional protective functions of each gliptin have been discovered. In this study, the protective roles of gemigliptin, a DPP4 inhibitor, against salivary dysfunction under diabetic conditions were investigated. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats received gemigliptin 10 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg via oral gavage for 3 weeks. The weights of salivary gland tissues, saliva secretion, and antioxidant capacity in salivary glands were reduced after diabetes induction, but were significantly preserved following gemigliptin treatment. In salivary gland analysis, expression of apoptotic proteins, as well as amylase and aquaporin-5 (AQP5) protein expression, were increased following gemigliptin treatment. Furthermore, the number of TUNEL-positive cells decreased after gemigliptin treatment. Therefore, gemigliptin has protective roles against salivary dysfunction observed in diabetes, mediated via antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and salivary secretion mechanisms. These results may help in selecting a suitable drug for patients with diabetes experiencing salivary dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Seok Kang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea; Central R&D Center, Bioresources and Technology (B&Tech) Co., Ltd., Gwangju, 61239, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Kwon Jung
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Bin Park
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Rae Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Elsherbini AM, Maysarah NM, El-Sherbiny M, Al-Gayyar MM, Elsherbiny NM. Glycyrrhizic acid ameliorates sodium nitrite-induced lung and salivary gland toxicity: Impact on oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:707-721. [PMID: 33030083 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120964555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite wide application of sodium nitrite (SN) as food additive, it exhibits considerable side effects on various body organs at high dose or chronic exposure. The aim of this study was to test whether Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) could ameliorate SN-induced toxicity in lung and submandibular salivary gland (SMG). A sample size of 30 adult male albino rats was randomly allocated into 3 groups. Group 1 served as control group. Rats were treated orally with 80 mg/kg of SN in group 2 or SN preceded by (15 mg/kg) GA in group 3. Lung & SMG tissues were used for oxidative stress assessment, examination of histopathological changes, fibrosis (MTC, TGF-β and α-SMA) and inflammation (TNF-α, IL-1β and CD-68). Concurrent administration of GA ameliorated pulmonary and salivary SN-induced toxicity via restoring the antioxidant defense mechanisms with reduction of MDA levels. GA reduced the key regulators of fibrosis TGF-β and α-SMA and collagen deposition. In addition to reduction of inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β) and macrophages recruitments, GA amended both pulmonary and salivary morphological changes. The present study proposed GA as a promising natural herb with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects against pulmonary and salivary SN-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M Elsherbini
- Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, 68779Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nadia M Maysarah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, 89660Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, 68779Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, Almaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Mh Al-Gayyar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 68779Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehal M Elsherbiny
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 68779Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Song Y, Uchida H, Sharipol A, Piraino L, Mereness JA, Ingalls MH, Rebhahn J, Newlands SD, DeLouise LA, Ovitt CE, Benoit DSW. Development of a functional salivary gland tissue chip with potential for high-content drug screening. Commun Biol 2021; 4:361. [PMID: 33742114 PMCID: PMC7979686 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy for head and neck cancers causes salivary gland dysfunction leading to permanent xerostomia. Limited progress in the discovery of new therapeutic strategies is attributed to the lack of in vitro models that mimic salivary gland function and allow high-throughput drug screening. We address this limitation by combining engineered extracellular matrices with microbubble (MB) array technology to develop functional tissue mimetics for mouse and human salivary glands. We demonstrate that mouse and human salivary tissues encapsulated within matrix metalloproteinase-degradable poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels formed in MB arrays are viable, express key salivary gland markers, and exhibit polarized localization of functional proteins. The salivary gland mimetics (SGm) respond to calcium signaling agonists and secrete salivary proteins. SGm were then used to evaluate radiosensitivity and mitigation of radiation damage using a radioprotective compound. Altogether, SGm exhibit phenotypic and functional parameters of salivary glands, and provide an enabling technology for high-content/throughput drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hitoshi Uchida
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Azmeer Sharipol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lindsay Piraino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jared A Mereness
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Matthew H Ingalls
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Rebhahn
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shawn D Newlands
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lisa A DeLouise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Catherine E Ovitt
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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13
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Sulistiyani E, Brimson JM, Chansaenroj A, Sariya L, Urkasemsin G, Oonsiri S, Tencomnao T, Vacharaksa A, Chaisuparat R, Ferreira JN. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Protects Pro-Acinar Epithelia Against Salivary Gland Radiation Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063162. [PMID: 33808935 PMCID: PMC8003734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant agents are promising pharmaceuticals to prevent salivary gland (SG) epithelial injury from radiotherapy and their associated irreversible dry mouth symptoms. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a well-known antioxidant that can exert growth or inhibitory biological effects in normal or pathological tissues leading to disease prevention. The effects of EGCG in the various SG epithelial compartments are poorly understood during homeostasis and upon radiation (IR) injury. This study aims to: (1) determine whether EGCG can support epithelial proliferation during homeostasis; and (2) investigate what epithelial cells are protected by EGCG from IR injury. Ex vivo mouse SG were treated with EGCG from 7.5–30 µg/mL for up to 72 h. Next, SG epithelial branching morphogenesis was evaluated by bright-field microscopy, immunofluorescence, and gene expression arrays. To establish IR injury models, linear accelerator (LINAC) technologies were utilized, and radiation doses optimized. EGCG epithelial effects in these injury models were assessed using light, confocal and electron microscopy, the Griess assay, immunohistochemistry, and gene arrays. SG pretreated with EGCG 7.5 µg/mL promoted epithelial proliferation and the development of pro-acinar buds and ducts in regular homeostasis. Furthermore, EGCG increased the populations of epithelial progenitors in buds and ducts and pro-acinar cells, most probably due to its observed antioxidant activity after IR injury, which prevented epithelial apoptosis. Future studies will assess the potential for nanocarriers to increase the oral bioavailability of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erni Sulistiyani
- Exocrine Gland Biology and Regeneration Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (E.S.); (A.C.); (R.C.)
| | - James M. Brimson
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (J.M.B.); (T.T.)
| | - Ajjima Chansaenroj
- Exocrine Gland Biology and Regeneration Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (E.S.); (A.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Ladawan Sariya
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Ganokon Urkasemsin
- Department of Preclinical and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Sornjarod Oonsiri
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (J.M.B.); (T.T.)
| | - Anjalee Vacharaksa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Risa Chaisuparat
- Exocrine Gland Biology and Regeneration Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (E.S.); (A.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Joao N. Ferreira
- Exocrine Gland Biology and Regeneration Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (E.S.); (A.C.); (R.C.)
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +66-2-218-8810
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14
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Abreu MR, Delalibera I, Pereira NRC, Camargo-Mathias MI. Morphophysiological analysis of the salivary glands of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Acari: Ixodidae) exposed to ozonated water: A control strategy. Med Vet Entomol 2021; 35:88-96. [PMID: 32841407 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato has great medical and veterinary importance, mainly because the ability to transmit many diseases, causing harm to pets but also risks to public health. The blood spoliation and transmission of pathogens occur because of the immunosuppressive action of these ticks' saliva, a potent mixture of bioactive substances that is secreted by the salivary glands, one of the organs responsible for their biological success, and hence the target of studies for their control. Ozone has promise for use as an alternative acaricide, due to its proven efficiency in controlling agricultural and food pests, besides posing no risk of environmental contamination or to animal and human health. Therefore, this study evaluated the acaricidal potential of exposure of females of R. sanguineus s.l. to ozonated water at many concentrations and analysed the morphophysiological alterations of the salivary glands, employing histological and light microscopic techniques. The results demonstrated that the ozonated water at the concentrations investigated caused severe alterations in the salivary glands, bringing a new perspective for control of R. sanguineus s.l., through an ecologically correct method due to the absence of harm to non-target organisms and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Abreu
- Biology Department, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - I Delalibera
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, USP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - N R C Pereira
- Biology Department, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - M I Camargo-Mathias
- Biology Department, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil
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15
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Poiani SB, Pereira MC, Bueno OC. Transmission Electron Microscopy as a Tool to Study the Toxicological Effects of Thiamethoxam in Workers of Atta sexdens (Myrmicinae, Attini). Microsc Microanal 2021; 27:170-186. [PMID: 33280633 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927620024733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thiamethoxam is a neonicotinoid that has been used to control insect pests. The literature reports a few behavioral studies evaluating the toxic effect of thiamethoxam in ants; however, there are scarce studies at the cellular level. The present research evaluated the effects of thiamethoxam in labial (LG) and mandibular glands (MG), fat bodies (FB), and Malpighian tubules (MT) of workers of Atta sexdens, using transmission electron microscopy. The duct and secretory cells of LG were profoundly affected, then the production of saliva can be compromised, as well as its quality and subsequent use. In MG, reservoir and canaliculi cells presented slight alterations; however, MG secretory cells presented vacuoles containing lamellar structures, increased lipid production, and a large amount of mitochondria, which may lead to organ's malfunctioning. The FB cell alterations do not seem enough to cause significant changes that lead to cell death. Prominent changes in MT, such as loss of the electron-dense concentric ring, increased smooth endoplasmic reticulum, loss of basal infolds, vacuoles containing mineralized granules, and lamellar structures associated with mitochondria, suggest that their excretory function is compromised. In conclusion, thiamethoxam acts not only in the nervous system but also contributes to systemic toxicity on the target organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana B Poiani
- Department of Biology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences - Campus Rio Claro, Center of Study of Social Insects, Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP13506-900, Brazil
| | - Mayara C Pereira
- Department of Biology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences - Campus Rio Claro, Center of Study of Social Insects, Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP13506-900, Brazil
| | - Odair C Bueno
- Department of Biology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences - Campus Rio Claro, Center of Study of Social Insects, Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP13506-900, Brazil
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16
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Soohoo-Hui A, Li Z, Maldonado-Ruiz LP, Zhang G, Swale DR. Neurochemical regulation of Aedes aegypti salivary gland function. J Insect Physiol 2021; 129:104193. [PMID: 33460707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The salivary gland of hematophagous arthropods is critical for blood meal acquisition, blood vessel localization, and secretion of digestive enzymes. Thus, there is significant interest in the regulation of salivary gland function and mechanisms driving the secretion of saliva and digestive proteins. We aimed to gain a broader understanding of the regulatory role of aminergic, cholinergic, and octopaminergic neuromodulators to saliva and protein secretion from the female A. aegypti salivary gland. Quantification of saliva after injection with neuromodulators showed that dopamine, serotonin, and pilocarpine increased the secretory activity of the salivary gland with potency rankings dopamine = serotonin > pilocarpine. No change in saliva secretion was observed with octopamine or ergonovine, which indicates the A. aegypti salivary gland may be regulated by dopaminergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic systems, but are not likely regulated by octopaminergic or tryptaminergic systems. Next, we studied the regulatory control of dopamine-mediated salivation. Data indicate extracellular calcium flux, but not neural function, is critical for dopamine-mediated salivation, which suggests epithelial transport of ions and not neuronal control is responsible for dopamine-mediated salivation. For regulation of protein secretion, data indicate dopamine or serotonin exposure facilitates amylase secretion, whereas serotonin but not dopamine exposure increased apyrase concentrations in the secreted saliva. General immunoreactivity to anti-rat D1-dopamine receptor antibody was observed, yet immunoreactivity to the anti-rat D2-receptor antibody was identified in the proximal regions of the lateral lobes and slight immunoreactivity in the distal portion of the lateral lobe, with no expression in the medial lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Soohoo-Hui
- Louisiana State University AgCenter, Department of Entomology, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Zhilin Li
- Louisiana State University AgCenter, Department of Entomology, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | | | - Ganyu Zhang
- Louisiana State University AgCenter, Department of Entomology, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Daniel R Swale
- Louisiana State University AgCenter, Department of Entomology, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease associated with damage to multiple organs and glands. The most common clinical manifestations are dry eyes, dry mouth, and enlarged salivary glands. Currently, CD4+ T lymphocytes are considered to be key factors in the immunopathogenesis of pSS, but various studies have shown that CD8+ T lymphocytes contribute to acinar injury in the exocrine glands. Therefore, in this review, we discussed the classification and features of CD8+ T lymphocytes, specifically describing the role of CD8+ T lymphocytes in disease pathophysiology. Furthermore, we presented treatment strategies targeting CD8+ T cells to capitalize on the pathogenic and regulatory potential of CD8+ T lymphocytes in SS to provide promising new strategies for this inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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18
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Zhan T, Wang B, Fu J, Shao Y, Ye L, Shi H, Zheng L. Artesunate inhibits Sjögren's syndrome-like autoimmune responses and BAFF-induced B cell hyperactivation via TRAF6-mediated NF-κB signaling. Phytomedicine 2021; 80:153381. [PMID: 33086170 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperactivation of B cells by activators has been demonstrated to play a central role in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). In this study, we found that artesunate (ART) can attenuate BAFF-induced B cell hyperactivation and SS-like symptoms in NOD/Ltj mice. PURPOSE To determine the efficacy of ART in attenuating SS-like symptoms in vivo and explore the underlying mechanism in vitro. STUDY DESIGN ART was intragastrically injected into SS-like NOD/Ltj mice. The cytokine hsBAFF was used to activate Raji and Daudi B cells to mimic B cell hyperactivation in vitro. METHODS The efficacy of ART in inhibiting SS progression was studied in NOD/Ltj mice. Salivary flow rate, the number of lymphocytic infiltration foci, the level of autoantibodies and the extent of B cell infiltration were measured in the indicated groups. CCK-8 assays, flow cytometry-based EdU staining and Annexin V/PI staining were also used to detect the effect of ART on the survival and proliferation mechanism in BAFF-induced Raji and Daudi cells. Further studies determined that TRAF6 degradation is a potential mechanism by which ART determines B cell fate. RESULTS Treatment with ART inhibited lymphocytic foci formation, B cell infiltration and autoantibody secretion in SS-like NOD/Ltj mice. In vitro assay results indicated that ART effectively inhibited BAFF-induced viability, survival and proliferation of neoplastic B cells. Mechanistically, ART targeted BAFF-activated NFκB by regulating the proteasome-mediated degradation of TRAF6 in Raji and Daudi cells. CONCLUSION ART ameliorated murine SS-like symptoms and regulated TRAF6-NFκB signaling, thus determining survival and proliferation of B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Zhan
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center of Oral Disease, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoli Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center of Oral Disease, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayao Fu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center of Oral Disease, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxiong Shao
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center of Oral Disease, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center of Oral Disease, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Shi
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center of Oral Disease, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lingyan Zheng
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center of Oral Disease, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Cohen PL, McCulloch A. Fingolimod reduces salivary infiltrates and increases salivary secretion in a murine Sjögren's model. J Autoimmun 2020; 115:102549. [PMID: 33059968 PMCID: PMC7683371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's Syndrome (SjS) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease causing xerostomia, xerophthalmia, and systemic symptoms. The principal pathological finding in SjS is the accumulation of lymphocytes in exocrine glandular tissue and elsewhere, leading to secretory dysfunction and other abnormalities. A rational therapeutic approach might be to interfere with lymphocyte migration to the periphery from central lymphoid tissues. We thus examined in an animal model of SjS the effects of Fingolimod (FTY720, Gilenya™), which interferes with migration of lymphocytes to peripheral sites. Fingolimod induces sequestration of lymphocytes in lymphoid organs by altering lymphocyte expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors. In the C57Bl/6. NOD.Aec1Aec2 (AEC) model of SjS, Fingolimod reduced circulating T and B cell numbers. Treatment of AEC mice with Fingolimod increased salivary output and decreased the size of salivary gland infiltrates. Oral Fingolimod thus merits further consideration in the management of SjS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip L Cohen
- Departments of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3322 North Broad Street, Room 201, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Amanda McCulloch
- Microbiology/Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3322 North Broad Street, Room 201, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
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Sisto M, Tamma R, Ribatti D, Lisi S. IL-6 Contributes to the TGF-β1-Mediated Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Human Salivary Gland Epithelial Cells. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2020; 68:27. [PMID: 32914376 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-020-00591-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To determine the role of IL-6 in bringing about the EMT, in SGEC obtained from healthy subjects. Human salivary gland (SGs) epithelial cells (SGEC) from primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) are able to synthesize interleukin (IL)-6, which is a critical mediator of the SGs modifications in response to chronic inflammation. Recently, a hypothetical link between epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-dependent salivary gland fibrosis and chronic inflammatory conditions has been suggested for pSS; the present study was conducted to evaluate this link. Primary cultures of human SGEC from salivary mucoceles were stimulated with increasing concentrations of IL-6 for 24-72 h. Microscopy, RT-PCR, Real-time PCR, immunoblotting and flow cytometry were used to detect morphological changes, mRNA and protein expression of the EMT markers E-Cadherin, Vimentin and Collagen type I following IL-6 stimulation. The data collected demonstrate that IL-6 can induce SGEC to undergo a morphological and phenotypical transition to a mesenchymal phenotype, in a dose-dependent manner. Decreased mRNA levels of E-Cadherin accompanied by higher mRNA levels of Vimentin and Collagen type I were observed in the IL-6-treated cells compared to control cells (all p < 0.05). This was confirmed at the protein level, demonstrating the decreased E-Cadherin expression, while Vimentin and Collagen type I expression was increased in IL-6-treated SGEC compared to controls (all p < 0.05). The results obtained corroborate the hypothesis that dysregulated cytokines IL-6 may contribute to the EMT-dependent fibrosis, offering a more complete understanding of the role of the EMT during SGs fibrosis in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Sisto
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs (SMBNOS), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", piazza Giulio Cesare 1, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs (SMBNOS), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", piazza Giulio Cesare 1, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs (SMBNOS), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", piazza Giulio Cesare 1, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Sabrina Lisi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs (SMBNOS), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", piazza Giulio Cesare 1, 70124, Bari, Italy
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21
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Kim JH, Jeong BK, Jang SJ, Yun JW, Jung MH, Kang KM, Kim TG, Woo SH. Alpha-Lipoic Acid Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Salivary Gland Injury by Preserving Parasympathetic Innervation in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072260. [PMID: 32218158 PMCID: PMC7178006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a standard treatment for patients with head and neck cancer. However, radiation exposure to the head and neck induces salivary gland (SG) dysfunction. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) has been reported to reduce radiation-induced toxicity in normal tissues. In this study, we investigated the effect of ALA on radiation-induced SG dysfunction. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to the following treatment groups: control, ALA only (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), irradiation only, and ALA administration 24 h or 30 min prior to irradiation. The neck area, including SGs, was irradiated evenly at 2 Gy/min (total dose, 18 Gy) using a photon 6 MV linear accelerator. The rats were sacrificed at 2, 6, 8, and 12 weeks after irradiation. Radiation decreased SG weight, saliva secretion, AQP5 expression, parasympathetic innervation (GFRα2 and AchE expression), regeneration potentials (Shh and Ptch expression), salivary trophic factor levels (brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurturin), and stem cell expression (Sca-1). These features were restored by treatment with ALA. This study demonstrated that ALA can rescue radiation-induced hyposalivation by preserving parasympathetic innervation and regenerative potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyun Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea (S.J.J.); (J.W.Y.)
- Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (B.K.J.); (K.M.K.)
| | - Bae Kwon Jeong
- Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (B.K.J.); (K.M.K.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Si Jung Jang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea (S.J.J.); (J.W.Y.)
| | - Jeong Won Yun
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea (S.J.J.); (J.W.Y.)
| | - Myeong Hee Jung
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea (S.J.J.); (J.W.Y.)
| | - Ki Mun Kang
- Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (B.K.J.); (K.M.K.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon 51353, Korea;
| | - Seung Hoon Woo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-550-1781; Fax: +82-41-550-7837
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Patel A, Kosmacek EA, Fisher KW, Goldner W, Oberley-Deegan RE. MnTnBuOE-2-PyP treatment protects from radioactive iodine (I-131) treatment-related side effects in thyroid cancer. Radiat Environ Biophys 2020; 59:99-109. [PMID: 31728622 PMCID: PMC7012978 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-019-00820-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer often involves administration of radioactive iodine (I-131) for remnant ablation or adjuvant therapy. However, there is morbidity associated with I-131 therapy, which can result in both acute and chronic complications. Currently, there are no approved radioprotectors that can be used in conjunction with I-131 to reduce complications in thyroid cancer therapy. It is well known that the damaging effects of ionizing radiation are mediated, in part, by the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A potent scavenger of ROS, Mn(III)meso-tetrakis(N-n-butoxyethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnTnBuOE-2-PyP), has radioprotective and anti-tumor effects in various cancer models including head and neck, prostate, and brain tumors exposed to external beam radiation therapy. Female C57BL/6 mice were administered I-131 orally at doses of 0.0085-0.01 mCi/g (3.145 × 105 to 3.7 × 105 Bq) of body weight with or without MnTnBuOE-2-PyP. We measured acute external inflammation, blood cell counts, and collected thyroid tissue and salivary glands for histological examination. We found oral administration of I-131 caused an acute decrease in platelets and white blood cells, caused facial swelling, and loss of thyroid and salivary tissues. However, when MnTnBuOE-2-PyP was given during and after I-131 administration, blood cell counts remained in the normal range, less facial inflammation was observed, and the salivary glands were protected from radiation-induced killing. These data indicate that MnTnBuOE-2-PyP may be a potent radioprotector of salivary glands in thyroid cancer patients receiving I-131 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anery Patel
- Division of Endocrine, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Kosmacek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Kurt W Fisher
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Whitney Goldner
- Division of Endocrine, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Rebecca E Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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23
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Kattaia AAA, Selim AO, Selim SA, Abd El-Baset SA. Epidermal growth factor attenuates lingual papillae lesions in a rat model of sialoadenectomy. Tissue Cell 2019; 63:101319. [PMID: 32223947 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.101319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Salivary epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays an important role in the maintenance of the oral and gastro-esophageal mucosa. Sialoadenectomy delays healing of oral wounds and affects lingual papillae. In this work, we aimed to determine the effect of EGF deficiency induced by sialoadenectomy and evaluate the effect of exogenous EGF administration on the lingual papillae and taste buds in rats. Thirty male adult Wistar albino rats were equally divided into 3 groups; sham-operated control group, sialoadenectomy group and group of sialoadenectomy + EGF. EGF was given 8 weeks after sialoadenectomy in a dose of 1 μg /ml/day in drinking water for 2 weeks. The anterior two-thirds of the tongue was dissected and cut longitudinally into two halves; one half for light microscope and the other for electron microscope examinations. Saliva and blood were collected to determine salivary and plasma EGF. Our results revealed that sialoadenectomy significantly reduced plasma and saliva levels of EGF which resulted in severe disruption of the architecture of lingual papillae. These changes were effectively improved by the exogenous EGF administration. In conclusion, EGF supplementation reversed the effects of sialoadenectomy and restored almost normal architecture of lingual papillae and taste buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A A Kattaia
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Assmaa O Selim
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Sally A Selim
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Samia A Abd El-Baset
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
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Cossolin JFS, Pereira MJB, Martínez LC, Turchen LM, Fiaz M, Bozdoğan H, Serrão JE. Cytotoxicity of Piper aduncum (Piperaceae) essential oil in brown stink bug Euschistus heros (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Ecotoxicology 2019; 28:763-770. [PMID: 31254186 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Euschistus heros (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a soybean pest in Brazil, controlled with synthetic chemical insecticides, which may be harmful to the environment and humans, as well as to select pest resistant strains. The research for new pest control strategies such as the use of plant essential oils has been increased due to the selectivity and biodegradation of these molecules. The objective was to evaluate the cytological changes in the salivary glands, fat body and midgut of E. heros exposed to different concentrations of essential oil of Piper aduncum L. (Piperales: Piperaceae), which the main compounds were identified as myristicin 30.03%, aromadendrene 9.20%, dillapiole 8.43%, α-serinene 7.31%, tridecane 6.26%, γ-elemene 4.58% and o-cymene 4.20%. The essential oil of P. aduncum was toxic for E. heros with LD50 = 36.23 mg per insect and LD90 = 50.42 mg per insect. Cytological changes such as tissue disruption, increase in mitochondria population, and glycogen and lipid depletion occur in the fat body cells, whereas salivary glands and midgut are not affected by this essential oil. Results suggest that P. aduncum essential oil causes fat body cellular stress, which may compromise some physiological processes for the insect survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamile F S Cossolin
- Departament of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mônica J B Pereira
- Departament of Agronomy, Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso, Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Luis C Martínez
- Departament of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M Turchen
- Departament of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Fiaz
- Departament of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hakan Bozdoğan
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Kirsehir Vocational School of Technicial Sciences, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Departament of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Cano IP, Dionisio TJ, Cestari TM, Calvo AM, Colombini-Ishikiriama BL, Faria FAC, Siqueira WL, Santos CF. Losartan and isoproterenol promote alterations in the local renin-angiotensin system of rat salivary glands. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217030. [PMID: 31116771 PMCID: PMC6530859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) systemically or locally collaborates with tissue homeostasis, growth and development, which has been extensively studied for its pharmacological implications. This study was primarily aimed at finding and characterizing local RAS in rat parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands. It was also hypothesized that vasoactive drugs could affect the expression of RAS targets, as well as saliva flow and its composition. Therefore, another objective of this study was to compare the effects of losartan (angiotensin II receptor blocker) and isoproterenol (β-adrenergic receptor agonist). Forty-one Wistar rats were divided into three groups and administered a daily intraperitoneal dose of saline, losartan or isoproterenol solutions for one week. The following RAS targets were studied using qPCR: renin (REN), angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), ACE-2, elastase-2 (ELA-2), AT1-a and MAS receptors, using RPL-13 as a reference gene. Morphology of glands was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using REN, ACE, ACE-2, AT1, AT2 and MAS antibodies. The volume and total protein content of saliva were measured. Our results revealed that ACE, ACE-2, AT1-a, AT2 and MAS receptors were expressed in all salivary gland samples, but REN and ELA-2 were absent. Losartan decreased mRNA expression of RAS targets in parotid (MAS) and submandibular glands (ACE and both AT receptors), without affecting morphological alterations, and significantly decreased saliva and total protein secretions. Isoproterenol treatment affected gene expression profiles in parotid (ACE, ACE-2, AT1-a, MAS, AGT), and submandibular (ACE, AT2, AGT) glands, thus promoting acinar hypertrophy in serous acini, without significant changes in salivary flow or total protein content. These drugs affected mainly acini, followed by duct systems and myoepithelial cells, whereas blood vessels were not affected. In conclusion, there is a local RAS in major rat salivary glands and losartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, affected not only the RAS-target gene expression but also decreased salivary flow and total protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Prado Cano
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago José Dionisio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tânia Mary Cestari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Maria Calvo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flávio Augusto Cardoso Faria
- Department of Biochemistry and School of Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Walter Luiz Siqueira
- Department of Biochemistry and School of Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Carlos Ferreira Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Abboud WA, Nadel S, Hassin-Baer S, Arad A, Dobriyan A, Yahalom R. Ultrasound-Guided Botulinum Toxin Injections into the Salivary Glands for the Treatment of Drooling. Isr Med Assoc J 2019; 21:116-119. [PMID: 30772963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drooling is the unintentional loss of saliva from the mouth, usually caused by poor coordination of the swallowing mechanism. It is commonly seen in patients with chronic neurologic disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), cerebral palsy, and stroke, as well as in patients with cognitive impairment and dementia. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin injections into the parotid and submandibular salivary glands for the treatment of drooling. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 12 consecutive patients treated with botulinum toxin injections into the parotid and submandibular glands for the first time. The primary outcome variable was the subjective improvement of drooling on a 5-point scale. Secondary outcome variables were duration of the therapeutic effect, request to undergo additional treatment, and adverse events. RESULTS Of 12 patients, 8 (67%) reported considerable improvement after treatment, 3 reported slight improvement, and 1 reported development of dry mouth. All patients stated that they felt the effects 1 week after the injections; the mean duration of the therapeutic effect was 4.5 months (range 3-9 months). One patient suffered from local hematoma and ecchymosis that did not require medical care. Another patient complained of difficulty swallowing, which did not require medical treatment and resolved spontaneously within 1 month. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin injections into the parotid and submandibular glands seem to be a safe and effective therapy for the treatment of drooling. Further long-term prospective studies with varying doses are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem A Abboud
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sahar Nadel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Hassin-Baer
- Institute of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abigail Arad
- Section of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Maccabi Healthcare system, Israel
| | - Alex Dobriyan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ran Yahalom
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Muthumariappan S, Ng WC, Adine C, Ng KK, Davoodi P, Wang CH, Ferreira JN. Localized Delivery of Pilocarpine to Hypofunctional Salivary Glands through Electrospun Nanofiber Mats: An Ex Vivo and In Vivo Study. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E541. [PMID: 30696017 PMCID: PMC6387464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry mouth or xerostomia is a frequent medical condition among the polymedicated elderly population. Systemic pilocarpine is included in the first line of pharmacological therapies for xerostomia. However, the efficacy of existing pilocarpine formulations is limited due to its adverse side effects and multiple daily dosages. To overcome these drawbacks, a localized formulation of pilocarpine targeting the salivary glands (SG) was developed in the current study. The proposed formulation consisted of pilocarpine-loaded Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) nanofiber mats via an electrospinning technique. The nanofiber mats were fully characterized for their size, mesh porosity, drug encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro drug release. Mat biocompatibility and efficacy was evaluated in the SG organ ex vivo, and the expression of proliferation and pro-apoptotic markers at the cellular level was determined. In vivo short-term studies were performed to evaluate the saliva secretion after acute SG treatment with pilocarpine-loaded nanofiber mats, and after systemic pilocarpine for comparison purposes. The outcomes demonstrated that the pilocarpine-loaded mats were uniformly distributed (diameter: 384 ± 124 nm) in a highly porous mesh, and possessed a high encapsulation efficiency (~81%). Drug release studies showed an initial pilocarpine release of 26% (4.5 h), followed by a gradual increase (~46%) over 15 d. Pilocarpine-loaded nanofiber mats supported SG growth with negligible cytotoxicity and normal cellular proliferation and homeostasis. Salivary secretion was significantly increased 4.5 h after intradermal SG treatment with drug-loaded nanofibers in vivo. Overall, this study highlights the strengths of PLGA/PEG nanofiber mats for the localized daily delivery of pilocarpine and reveals its potential for future clinical translation in patients with xerostomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Muthumariappan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119085, Singapore.
| | - Wei Cheng Ng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Christabella Adine
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119085, Singapore.
| | - Kiaw Kiaw Ng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119085, Singapore.
| | - Pooya Davoodi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Chi-Hwa Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Joao N Ferreira
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119085, Singapore.
- Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA.
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Rousseau E, Lau J, Kuo HT, Zhang Z, Merkens H, Hundal-Jabal N, Colpo N, Lin KS, Bénard F. Monosodium Glutamate Reduces 68Ga-PSMA-11 Uptake in Salivary Glands and Kidneys in a Preclinical Prostate Cancer Model. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1865-1868. [PMID: 30097503 PMCID: PMC6278899 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.215350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the ability of monosodium glutamate (MSG) to reduce salivary and kidney uptake of a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligand without affecting tumor uptake. Methods: LNCaP tumor-bearing mice were intraperitoneally injected with MSG (657, 329, or 164 mg/kg) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Fifteen minutes later, the mice were intravenously administered 68Ga-PSMA-11. PET/CT imaging and biodistribution studies were performed 1 h after administration. Results: Tumor uptake (percentage injected dose per gram [%ID]) was not statistically different between groups, at 8.42 ± 1.40 %ID in the 657 mg/kg group, 7.19 ± 0.86 %ID in the 329 mg/kg group, 8.20 ± 2.44 %ID in the 164 mg/kg group, and 8.67 ± 1.97 %ID in the PBS group. Kidney uptake was significantly lower in the 657 mg/kg group (85.8 ± 24.2 %ID) than in the 329 mg/kg (159 ± 26.2 %ID), 164 mg/kg (211 ± 27.4 %ID), and PBS groups (182 ± 33.5 %ID) (P < 0.001). Salivary gland uptake was lower in the 657 mg/kg (3.72 ± 2.12 %ID) and 329 mg/kg (5.74 ± 0.62 %ID) groups than in the PBS group (10.04 ± 2.52 %ID) (P < 0.01). Conclusion: MSG decreased salivary and kidney uptake of 68Ga-PSMA-11 in a dose-dependent manner, whereas tumor uptake was unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Rousseau
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Joseph Lau
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Hsiou-Ting Kuo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Zhengxing Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Helen Merkens
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Navjit Hundal-Jabal
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Nadine Colpo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Wolff A, Joshi RK, Ekström J, Aframian D, Pedersen AML, Proctor G, Narayana N, Villa A, Sia YW, Aliko A, McGowan R, Kerr R, Jensen SB, Vissink A, Dawes C. [Medicaments and oral healthcare. Systematic review of the -literature assessing the effect of drugs on the salivary glands]. Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd 2018; 125:593-601. [PMID: 30457580 DOI: 10.5177/ntvt.2018.11.18203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Evidence-based reviews of drugs causing medication-induced salivary gland dysfunction, such as xerostomia (sensation of oral dryness) and subjective sialorrhea are lacking. To compile a list of medicaments that influence salivary gland function, electronic databases were searched for relevant articles published up to June 2013. A total of 269 papers out of 3,867 records located satisfied the inclusion criteria (relevance, quality of methodology, strength of evidence). A total of 56 active substances with a higher level of evidence and 50 active substances with a moderate level of evidence of causing salivary gland dysfunction are described in this article. While xerostomia was a commonly reported outcome, the objective effect on salivary secretion was rarely measured. Xerostomia was, moreover, mostly reported as a negative side effect instead of the intended effect of that drug. A comprehensive list of medications having documented effects on salivary gland function or symptoms was compiled, which may assist practitioners in assessing patients who complain of dry mouth while taking medications.
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Maciejczyk M, Matczuk J, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Niklińska W, Fejfer K, Szarmach I, Ładny JR, Zieniewska I, Zalewska A. Eight-Week Consumption of High-Sucrose Diet Has a Pro-Oxidant Effect and Alters the Function of the Salivary Glands of Rats. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1530. [PMID: 30336621 PMCID: PMC6212933 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-sucrose diet (HSD) is widely known for its cariogenic effects and promotion of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. However, the impact of the HSD diet on the salivary gland function as well as the level of salivary oxidative stress is still unknown and requires evaluation. Our study is the first to determine both redox balance and oxidative injury in the parotid and submandibular glands of rats fed the HSD diet compared to the control group. We have demonstrated that uric acid concentration and the activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase varied significantly in both the submandibular and parotid glands of HSD rats vs. the control group. However, enhanced oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA (increase in advanced glycation end products, advanced oxidation protein products, 4-hydroxynonenal, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine) was observed only in the parotid glands of HSD rats. Moreover, the HSD diet also reduced the total protein content and amylase activity in both types of salivary glands and decreased the stimulated salivary flow rate. To sum up, an HSD diet reduces salivary gland function and disturbs the redox balance of the parotid as well as submandibular salivary glands. However, the parotid glands are more vulnerable to both antioxidant disturbances and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, 15-233 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Jan Matczuk
- County Veterinary Inspection, Zwycięstwa 26b Street, 15-959 Bialystok, Poland.
| | | | - Wiesława Niklińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13 Street, 15-233 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Fejfer
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowska 24a Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Izabela Szarmach
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15a Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Robert Ładny
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Disasters, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37 Street, 15-767 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Izabela Zieniewska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowska 24a Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowska 24a Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland.
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Varghese J, Schmale I, Mickelsen D, Hansen M, Newlands S, Benoit D, Korshunov V, Ovitt C. Localized Delivery of Amifostine Enhances Salivary Gland Radioprotection. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1252-1259. [PMID: 29634396 PMCID: PMC6151913 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518767408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy for head and neck cancers commonly causes damage to salivary gland tissue, resulting in xerostomia (dry mouth) and numerous adverse medical and quality-of-life issues. Amifostine is the only Food and Drug Administration-approved radioprotective drug used clinically to prevent xerostomia. However, systemic administration of amifostine is limited by severe side effects, including rapid decrease in blood pressure (hypotension), nausea, and a narrow therapeutic window. In this study, we demonstrate that retroductal delivery of amifostine and its active metabolite, WR-1065, to murine submandibular glands prior to a single radiation dose of 15 Gy maintained gland function and significantly increased acinar cell survival. Furthermore, in vivo stimulated saliva secretion was maintained in retrograde-treated groups at levels significantly higher than irradiated-only and systemically treated groups. In contrast to intravenous injections, retroductal delivery of WR-1065 or amifostine significantly attenuated hypotension. We conclude that localized delivery to salivary glands markedly improves radioprotection at the cellular level, as well as mitigates the adverse side effects associated with systemic administration. These results support the further development of a localized delivery system that would be compatible with the fractionated dose regimen used clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.J. Varghese
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - I.L. Schmale
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of
Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - D. Mickelsen
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute,
University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - M.E. Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - S.D. Newlands
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of
Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of
Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of
Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - D.S.W. Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Oral Biology, University of
Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University
of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research,
University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of
Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - V.A. Korshunov
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute,
University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - C.E. Ovitt
- Center for Oral Biology, University of
Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University
of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Lima LADO, Bittencourt LO, Puty B, Fernandes RM, Nascimento PC, Silva MCF, Alves-Junior SM, Pinheiro JDJV, Lima RR. Methylmercury Intoxication Promotes Metallothionein Response and Cell Damage in Salivary Glands of Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 185:135-142. [PMID: 29332268 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Environmental and occupational mercury exposure is considered a major public health issue. Despite being well known that MeHg exposure causes adverse effects in several physiologic functions, MeHg effects on salivary glands still not completely elucidated. Here, we investigated the cellular MeHg-induced damage in the three major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual) of adult rats after chronic, systemic and low doses of MeHg exposure. Rats were exposed by 0.04 mg/kg/day over 60 days. After that, animals were euthanized and all three glands were collected. We evaluated total Hg accumulation, metallothionein I/II (MT I/II), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and cytokeratin 18 (CK18) immune expression. Our results have showed that MeHg is able to disrupt gland tissue and to induce a protective mechanism by MT I/II expression. We also showed that cell MT production is not enough to protect gland tissue against cellular structural damage seen by reducing marking of cytoskeletal proteins as CK18 and α-SMA. Our data suggest that chronic MeHg exposure in low-daily doses is able to induce cellular damage in rat salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidiane Alencar de Oliveira Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Street Augusto Correa N. 01, Guamá, Belém, Para, 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Street Augusto Correa N. 01, Guamá, Belém, Para, 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna Puty
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Street Augusto Correa N. 01, Guamá, Belém, Para, 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Monteiro Fernandes
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Street Augusto Correa N. 01, Guamá, Belém, Para, 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Priscila Cunha Nascimento
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Street Augusto Correa N. 01, Guamá, Belém, Para, 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Marcia Cristina Freitas Silva
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Street Augusto Correa N. 01, Guamá, Belém, Para, 66075-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Street Augusto Correa N. 01, Guamá, Belém, Para, 66075-900, Brazil.
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Lamy E, Neves S, Ferreira J, Rodrigues L, da Costa G, Cordeiro C, Fialho L, Lima M, Costa AR, Antunes CM, Lopes O, Amado F, Capela E Silva F. Effects of hyperleptinemia in rat saliva composition, histology and ultrastructure of the major salivary glands. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 96:1-12. [PMID: 30153534 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of the satiety hormone, leptin, in saliva proteome and salivary gland histology and ultrastructure. DESIGN Increases in blood leptin levels were induced through mini-pump infusion in male Wistar rats, during a period of 7 days. Saliva was collected before and at the end of the experimental period, for proteomic analysis, and major salivary glands were collected, at the end, for biochemical, histological and ultrastructural analysis. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of leptin receptors in major salivary glands. Salivary amylase levels and enzymatic activity were decreased in saliva, whereas the enzymatic activity of this protein was increased in the cytosol of parotid gland cells. Transmission electron microscopy allowed the observation of high number of electron-dense granules in cytosol of parotid acinar cells, from leptin treated animals. CONCLUSIONS Increased levels of plasmatic leptin result in changes in saliva composition and salivary glands function. To our knowledge, this is the first study providing evidences for a potential role of leptin in salivary gland secretion and saliva composition. An understanding of how appetite/satiety factors influence saliva composition and how this composition influences food processing in mouth may be relevant in understanding ingestivebehaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Lamy
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Sandra Neves
- Departamento de Química, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Joana Ferreira
- Departamento de Química, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Lénia Rodrigues
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo da Costa
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cordeiro
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luísa Fialho
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Mónica Lima
- Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Ana Rodrigues Costa
- Departamento de Química, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências da Terra (ICT), Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Célia Miguel Antunes
- Departamento de Química, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências da Terra (ICT), Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Orlando Lopes
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Francisco Amado
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810 Aveiro, Portugal; Química Orgânica, Produtos Naturais e Agroalimentares (QOPNA), Universidade de Aveiro, 3810 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando Capela E Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Following radioiodine (RI) therapy, oxidative stress is a putative damage mechanism resulting in salivary gland (SG) dysfunction. Since ginseng is a known anti-oxidative herb, we examined the SG radioprotective effects of Korea red ginseng (KRG) in a mouse model, when administered prior to RI. METHODS Four-week-old mice (n = 60) were divided into four groups: (1) normal control, (2) RI only treated (0.01 mCi/g, orally), (3) KRG administered (0.2 mg/g, intraperitoneal injection) 0.5 and 24 hours before RI, and (4) amifostine-treated group (0.2 mg/g, intraperitoneally) 0.5 hour before RI. The salivary lag times and flow rates were assessed, and sampled tissues were subjected to histologic examinations including hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining. Apoptosis was examined by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUDP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and excretion changes in salivary 99mTc pertechnetate were evaluated by single-photon emission computed tomography. RESULTS The body weight of the KRG group was similar to the control group. Salivary lag times and flow rates in the RI + KRG group were faster than in the RI only group. There was no significant intergroup difference in the SG weight. The RI + KRG group exhibited more mucin-containing parenchyma and less fibrotic tissues than the RI only group. Salivary epithelial (aquaporin 5) and myoepithelial (smooth muscle actin) cells of the RI + KRG group were protected from radiation damage. Low 8-OhdG (oxidative stress biomarker) and high superoxide dismutase 2 (reactive oxygen species scavenger) immunostaining reactivity was detected in the RI + KRG group when compared with the RI only group. Fewer apoptotic cells were observed in the RI + KRG or amifostine group compared to the RI only group in the TUNEL assay. The 99mTc pertechnetate excretion level recovered in the KRG group. CONCLUSION Pretreatment with KRG before RI therapy is potentially beneficial in protecting against RI-induced salivary dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Kim
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Inha University , College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Mi Kim
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Inha University , College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ki Kim
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center , Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mo Kim
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Inha University , College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Seok Choi
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Inha University , College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Falkowski M, Maciejczyk M, Koprowicz T, Mikołuć B, Milewska A, Zalewska A, Car H. Whey Protein Concentrate WPC-80 Improves Antioxidant Defense Systems in the Salivary Glands of 14-Month Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060782. [PMID: 29914217 PMCID: PMC6024865 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Whey protein concentrate (WPC) is characterized by powerful antioxidant properties, but its effect on redox homeostasis of salivary glands of aging organisms is still unknown. In this study, we are the first to evaluate the antioxidant barrier of salivary glands of 14-month Wistar rats fed WPC-80. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) as well as concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) are estimated in the submandibular and parotid glands of rats administered WPC-80 intragastrically for a period of 7 and 14 days. We demonstrate a significant increase in GSH, GPx and SOD in the salivary glands of rats fed WPC-80 for 14 days and a significant increase in TAS, GPx and SOD in the parotid glands of rats fed WPC-80 for 7 days compared to control rats. The beneficial effects of WPC-80 on salivary glands are also demonstrated by lower TOS and OSI in the parotid glands of rats fed WPC-80 compared to the submandibular glands. In summary, we demonstrate that WPC-80 improves redox homeostasis in salivary glands, particularly in the parotid glands of old rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Falkowski
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, 37 Szpitalna Street, 15-767 Bialystok, Poland.
- ZOZ Clinic of Dentistry and Medicine, E. and B. Falkowscy CLP., 17B Zarzecze Street, 16-300 Augustów, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, 37 Szpitalna Street, 15-767 Bialystok, Poland.
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, 15-233 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Koprowicz
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, 37 Szpitalna Street, 15-767 Bialystok, Poland.
- Servier Polska LTD, 10 Jana Kazimierza Street, 01-248 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Bożena Mikołuć
- Department of Pediatrics, Rheumatology, Immunology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, 17 Waszyngtona Street, 15-274 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Anna Milewska
- Department of Statistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Bialystok, 37 Szpitalna Street, 15-767 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, 37 Szpitalna Street, 15-767 Bialystok, Poland.
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Yamada K, Zuka M, Ito K, Mizuguchi K, Kakuchi Y, Onoe T, Suzuki Y, Yamagishi M, Izui S, Malissen M, Malissen B, Kawano M. LatY136F knock-in mouse model for human IgG4-related disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198417. [PMID: 29902238 PMCID: PMC6002065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The adaptor protein Linker for activation of T cell (LAT) is a key signaling hub used by the T cell antigen receptor. Mutant mice expressing loss-of-function mutations affecting LAT and including a mutation in which tyrosine 136 is replaced by a phenylalanine (LatY136F) develop lymphoproliferative disorder involving T helper type 2 effector cells capable of triggering a massive polyclonal B cell activation that leads to hypergammaglobulinemia G1 and E and to non-resolving inflammation and autoimmunity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the phenotypes of LatY136F knock-in mice resemble the immunohistopathological features of immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD). Methods LatY136F knock-in mice were sacrificed at 4–20 weeks of age, and pancreas, kidney, salivary gland and lung were obtained. All organs were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and with Azan for estimation of collagen in fibrosis, and the severity scores of inflammation and fibrosis were evaluated. Immunostainings were performed to analyze the types of infiltrating cells. In addition, the effects of corticosteroid treatment on the development of tissue lesions and serum levels of IgG1 were assessed. Results Tissue lesions characterized by inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltration and fibrosis were detected in pancreas, kidney, and salivary gland starting from 6 weeks of age. Immunostainings showed pronounced infiltration of plasma cells, CD4-positive T cells, and macrophages. Infiltrating plasma cells predominantly expressed IgG1. The extent of inflammation in pancreas and salivary glands was markedly reduced by corticosteroid treatment. Conclusions LatY136F knock-in mice displayed increased production of Th2-type IgG1 (a homologue of human IgG4) and developed multiple organ tissue lesions reminiscent of those seen in patients with IgG4-RD. Moreover, the development of these tissue lesions was highly sensitive to corticosteroid treatment like in IgG4-RD. For these reasons we consider the LatY136F knock-in mouse strain to represent a promising model for human IgG4-RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Yamada
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Advanced Research in Community Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masahiko Zuka
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Ito
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Keishi Mizuguchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kakuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tamehito Onoe
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Suzuki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamagishi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shozo Izui
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Malissen
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Mitsuhiro Kawano
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Kroese FGM, Haacke EA, Bombardieri M. The role of salivary gland histopathology in primary Sjögren's syndrome: promises and pitfalls. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2018; 36 Suppl 112:222-233. [PMID: 30156550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The formation of lymphomononuclear cell infiltrates organising as periductal infiltrates in the salivary glands of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is one of the hallmarks of the disease. Historically, the clinical role of salivary gland histopathology, most commonly performed on labial salivary gland biopsies, has been confined to the clinical classification and diagnosis of pSS whereby according to the ACR-EULAR a positive histopathology finding is a requirement for the diagnosis of pSS in the absence of anti-Ro/SSA antibodies. In recent years, further understanding of the heterogeneity of the immune cell infiltration and organisation within the salivary glands of pSS patients and its correlation with clinical manifestations of the disease has led to propose salivary gland histopathology as a novel tool able to identify patients at higher risk of developing more severe extraglandular manifestations and lymphoma. Furthermore, recent clinical developments in ongoing randomised clinical trials with novel biologics in pSS have focused on salivary glands histopathology to inform on patients stratification based on target validation, proof of drug efficacy and mechanisms of response/resistance to therapy. However, lack of standardisation of methodology and analysis has hindered the reproducibility of data from different groups and no definitive evidence in support of the use of salivary glands histopathology to inform clinical management of patients with pSS has been provided. In this review, we summarise recent evidence highlighting the promises and pitfalls of salivary glands histopathology in pSS emphasising the need for an international consensus on standardisation of methodology with validation in large prospective multicentre initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans G M Kroese
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Erlin A Haacke
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Bombardieri
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
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Roder P, Hille C. Local tissue manipulation via a force- and pressure-controlled AFM micropipette for analysis of cellular processes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5892. [PMID: 29651136 PMCID: PMC5897369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Local manipulation of complex tissues at the single-cell level is challenging and requires excellent sealing between the specimen and the micromanipulation device. Here, biological applications for a recently developed loading technique for a force- and pressure-controlled fluidic force microscope micropipette are described. This technique allows for the exact positioning and precise spatiotemporal control of liquid delivery. The feasibility of a local loading technique for tissue applications was investigated using two fluorescent dyes, with which local loading behaviour could be optically visualised. Thus, homogeneous intracellular distribution of CellTracker Red and accumulation of SYTO 9 Green within nuclei was realised in single cells of a tissue preparation. Subsequently, physiological micromanipulation experiments were performed. Salivary gland tissue was pre-incubated with the Ca2+-sensitive dye OGB-1. An intracellular Ca2+ rise was then initiated at the single-cell level by applying dopamine via micropipette. When pre-incubating tissue with the nitric oxide (NO)-sensitive dye DAF-FM, NO release and intercellular NO diffusion was observed after local application of the NO donor SNP. Finally, local micromanipulation of a well-defined area along irregularly shaped cell surfaces of complex biosystems was shown for the first time for the fluidic force microscope micropipette. Thus, this technique is a promising tool for the investigation of the spatiotemporal effects of locally applied substances in complex tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Roder
- Department of Physical Chemistry/Applied Laser Sensing in Complex Biosystems (ALS ComBi), Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Carsten Hille
- Department of Physical Chemistry/Applied Laser Sensing in Complex Biosystems (ALS ComBi), Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
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Nguyen VT, Dawson P, Zhang Q, Harris Z, Limesand KH. Administration of growth factors promotes salisphere formation from irradiated parotid salivary glands. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193942. [PMID: 29590144 PMCID: PMC5873995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, 500,000 cases of head and neck cancer (HNC) are reported each year and the primary treatment for HNC is radiotherapy. Although the goal of radiotherapy is to target the tumor, secondary exposure occurs in surrounding normal tissues, such as the salivary glands. As a result, despite successful treatment of the cancer, patients are left with long-term side effects due to direct damage to the salivary glands. The effect is chronic and currently there is no treatment. Stem cells are an attractive therapeutic option for treatment of radiation-induced glandular dysfunction because of the potential to regenerate damaged cell populations and restore salivary gland function. However, limited knowledge about the endogenous stem cell population post irradiation hinders the development for stem cell-based therapies. In this study, an ex vivo sphere formation cell culture system was utilized to assess the self-renewal capacity of cells derived from parotid salivary glands at a chronic time point following radiation. Salivary glands from irradiated mice generate significantly fewer salispheres, but can be stimulated with fetal bovine serum (FBS) to generate an equivalent number of salispheres as unirradiated salivary glands. Interestingly, the number and size of salispheres formed is dependent on the concentration of FBS supplemented into the media. Salispheres derived from irradiated glands and cultured in FBS media were found to contain cells that proliferate and express progenitor and acinar cell markers such as Keratin 5, Keratin 14, Aquaporin 5, and NKCC1. Utilization of insulin-like growth factor (IGF1) injections following radiation treatment restores salivary gland function and improves salisphere generation. These findings indicate that stimulation of these cellular populations may provide a promising avenue for the development of cell-based therapies for radiation-induced salivary gland damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky T. Nguyen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Peter Dawson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Qionghui Zhang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Zoey Harris
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Kirsten H. Limesand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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Nam K, Maruyama CL, Wang CS, Trump BG, Lei P, Andreadis ST, Baker OJ. Laminin-111-derived peptide conjugated fibrin hydrogel restores salivary gland function. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187069. [PMID: 29095857 PMCID: PMC5667805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyposalivation reduces the patient quality of life, as saliva is important for maintaining oral health. Current treatments for hyposalivation are limited to medications such as the muscarinic receptor agonists, pilocarpine and cevimeline. However, these therapies only provide temporary relief. Therefore, alternative therapies are essential to restore salivary gland function. An option is to use bioengineered scaffolds to promote functional salivary gland regeneration. Previous studies demonstrated that the laminin-111 protein is critical for intact salivary gland cell cluster formation and organization. However, laminin-111 protein as a whole is not suitable for clinical applications as some protein domains may contribute to unwanted side effects such as degradation, tumorigenesis and immune responses. Conversely, the use of synthetic laminin-111 peptides makes it possible to minimize the immune reactivity or pathogen transfer. In addition, it is relatively simple and inexpensive as compared to animal-derived proteins. Therefore, the goal of this study was to demonstrate whether a 20 day treatment with laminin-111-derived peptide conjugated fibrin hydrogel promotes tissue regeneration in submandibular glands of a wound healing mouse model. In this study, laminin-111-derived peptide conjugated fibrin hydrogel significantly accelerated formation of salivary gland tissue. The regenerated gland tissues displayed not only structural but also functional restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihoon Nam
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Christina L. Maruyama
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Ching-Shuen Wang
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Bryan G. Trump
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Pedro Lei
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Stelios T. Andreadis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Center of Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Olga J. Baker
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Swale DR, Li Z, Guerrero F, Pérez De León AA, Foil LD. Role of inward rectifier potassium channels in salivary gland function and sugar feeding of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2017; 141:41-49. [PMID: 28911739 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The arthropod salivary gland is of critical importance for horizontal transmission of pathogens, yet a detailed understanding of the ion conductance pathways responsible for saliva production and excretion is lacking. A superfamily of potassium ion channels, known as inward rectifying potassium (Kir) channels, is overexpressed in the Drosophila salivary gland by 32-fold when compared to the whole body mRNA transcripts. Therefore, we aimed to test the hypothesis that pharmacological and genetic depletion of salivary gland specific Kir channels alters the efficiency of the gland and reduced feeding capabilities using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism that could predict similar effects in arthropod disease vectors. Exposure to VU041, a selective Kir channel blocker, reduced the volume of sucrose consumption by up to 3.2-fold and was found to be concentration-dependent with an EC50 of 68μM. Importantly, the inactive analog, VU937, was shown to not influence feeding, suggesting the reduction in feeding observed with VU041 is due to Kir channel inhibition. Next, we performed a salivary gland specific knockdown of Kir1 to assess the role of these channels specifically in the salivary gland. The genetically depleted fruit flies had a reduction in total volume ingested and an increase in the time spent feeding, both suggestive of a reduction in salivary gland function. Furthermore, a compensatory mechanism appears to be present at day 1 of RNAi-treated fruit flies, and is likely to be the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter and/or Na+-K+-ATPase pumps that serve to supplement the inward flow of K+ ions, which highlights the functional redundancy in control of ion flux in the salivary glands. These findings suggest that Kir channels likely provide, at least in part, a principal potassium conductance pathway in the Drosophila salivary gland that is required for sucrose feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Swale
- Louisiana State University AgCenter, Department of Entomology, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States.
| | - Zhilin Li
- Louisiana State University AgCenter, Department of Entomology, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Felix Guerrero
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Knipling-Bushland United States Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, Veterinary Pest Genomics Center, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd., Kerrville, TX 78028, United States
| | - Adalberto A Pérez De León
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Knipling-Bushland United States Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, Veterinary Pest Genomics Center, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd., Kerrville, TX 78028, United States
| | - Lane D Foil
- Louisiana State University AgCenter, Department of Entomology, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
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Wie SM, Wellberg E, Karam SD, Reyland ME. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Protect the Salivary Gland from Radiation Damage by Inhibiting Activation of Protein Kinase C-δ. Mol Cancer Ther 2017. [PMID: 28637715 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In patients undergoing irradiation (IR) therapy, injury to nontumor tissues can result in debilitating, and sometimes permanent, side effects. We have defined protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ) as a regulator of DNA damage-induced apoptosis and have shown that phosphorylation of PKCδ by c-Abl and c-Src activates its proapoptotic function. Here, we have explored the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) of c-Src and c-Abl to block activation of PKCδ for radioprotection of the salivary gland. Dasatinib, imatinib, and bosutinib all suppressed tyrosine phosphorylation of PKCδ and inhibited IR-induced apoptosis in vitro To determine whether TKIs can provide radioprotection of salivary gland function in vivo, mice were treated with TKIs and a single or fractionated doses of irradiation. Delivery of dasatinib or imatinib within 3 hours of a single or fractionated dose of irradiation resulted in >75% protection of salivary gland function at 60 days. Continuous dosing with dasatinib extended protection to at least 5 months and correlated with histologic evidence of salivary gland acinar cell regeneration. Pretreatment with TKIs had no impact on clonogenic survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells, and in mice harboring HNSCC cell-derived xenografts, combining dasatinib or imatinib with fractionated irradiation did not enhance tumor growth. Our studies indicate that TKIs may be useful clinically to protect nontumor tissue in HNC patients undergoing radiotherapy, without negatively impacting cancer treatment. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(9); 1989-98. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sten M Wie
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth Wellberg
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sana D Karam
- Department of IR Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mary E Reyland
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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Camargo-Mathias MI, Pereira NRC, da Silva Reis C, de Almeida CR, Dos Santos Mendes DR, de Araújo GB, Postali L, Figueroa T, Ferreira ARF, Santos JP, de Oliveira PR. Deltamethrin as inductor agent of precocious ovarian degeneration in Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks. Exp Appl Acarol 2017; 72:161-169. [PMID: 28597314 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-017-0144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The cosmopolitan species Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. is one of the most widely distributed ticks all over the world. These ectoparasites are vectors of several pathogens and cause significant direct damage to their hosts. The biological success of these ectoparasites has been attributed to their ovaries and salivary glands, organs that ensure their survival in various environmental conditions. The importance of the ovaries in ticks is that, after mating, the individuals are able to lay approximately three thousand eggs. The present study had the objective to demonstrate the effects of deltamethrin obtained from the product Butox P CE 25® (MSD Saúde Animal, São Paulo, Brazil) on the ovarian development of R. sanguineus s.l. females. The chemical was tested in the concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200 ppm (respectively 80, 40, 20 and 10 times lower than the recommended by the manufacturer). Through the application of histological techniques and HE staining, the results showed that the deltamethrin was potentially able to modify the morphophysiology of the oocytes in all developmental stages, interfering in the vitellogenesis, causing intense vacuolation, cytoplasmic disorganization, and alterations in the chorion secretion. In addition, the chemical affected the germ vesicle of some oocytes, causing damages and hypertrophy, fragmenting the chromatin and forming bodies strongly stained by hematoxylin. Therefore, this study confirmed that the deltamethrin had an important action on the reproductive system of the R. sanguineus s.l. females, causing the precocious structural disorganization of the germ cells, consequently preventing the generation of new individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Camila da Silva Reis
- Department of Biology, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Giselle Bezerra de Araújo
- Department of Biology, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Lays Postali
- Department of Biology, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Tober Figueroa
- Department of Biology, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Juan Parente Santos
- Department of Biology, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Rosa de Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC) is a rare biliary manifestation in which many other organs might be affected. The purpose of our study was to investigate the different clinical characteristics and initial steroid response between IgG4-SC patients with and without other organs affected.A series of patients with IgG4-SC in the period from January 2006 to December 2015 at our hospital were included. The pancreas and major salivary glands were screened, and the initial corticosteroid therapy was given. Clinical information was collected and analyzed including demographics, clinical presentation, IgG4 serology, imaging features, and treatment outcomes.The study identified 72 IgG4-SC patients, including 60 males and 12 females. The mean age was 59.8 years old. Among these IgG4-SC patients, 10 patients had only bile duct involved, 42 patients had 2 organs involved and 20 patients had multiple organs involved. In patients with multiple organs involved, more complaints were given (mean 2.9 kinds), higher serum IgG4 levels were found (23458 ± 19402.7 mg/L), and more stricture lesions of biliary tract were shown. All 72 patients exhibited a disease response within 4 to 6 weeks of starting steroids. The remission rate in the multiple lesions group was lower (60%), and the recurrence rate is higher (83.3%). The relapse-free survival was 20.0 months in the single lesion group, which is longer than that in the multiple lesions group (3.1 months, P < 0.05).The IgG4-SC patients with multiple organs affected had more complaints, higher serum IgG4 levels, and poor response to initial steroids.
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Li C, Zhu F, Wu B, Wang Y. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Protects Salivary Glands against Structural Injury and Secretory Dysfunction via IL-17A and AQP5 Regulation in a Model of Sjögren Syndrome. Neuroimmunomodulation 2017; 24:300-309. [PMID: 29617700 DOI: 10.1159/000486859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sjögren syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease involving exocrine glands. Currently, drugs that can improve both abnormal immunity and exocrine gland function are needed. The study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on the immune response and exocrine gland function in SS. METHODS We investigated the effects of VIP on the immune response and secretory function of submandibular glands using NOD mice, and analyzed the expression of IL-17A and AQP5 (aquaporin 5). The submandibular gland cells from healthy 8-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were used to observe the influence of VIP on AQP5 expression. RESULTS Our study shows that treatment with VIP in an SS mouse model could not only reduce the immune injury to exocrine glands but also improve the secretory function of these glands. Furthermore, VIP was shown to improve the abnormal immune status by downregulating IL-17A expression in the exocrine glands. It also enhanced the secretory function of exocrine glands by upregulating AQP5 expression. CONCLUSIONS Using a model of SS, we found that VIP could not only modulate the immune response but also affect exocrine gland function, and that these therapeutic effects were associated with IL-17A and AQP5 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyin Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Fenglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Li Q, Chang ZF, Yang GA, Pang CY, Wang YF. [Effect of type 1 sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor siRNA on human salivary gland cells]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2016; 48:987-993. [PMID: 27987502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1P1)-small interfering RNA (siRNA) lentiviral vectors and infect human salivary gland cells (HSG), and to investigate its possible therapy on Sjogren's syndrome. METHODS HSG cells were divided into blank group, empty vector group, scramble-siRNA group and S1P1-siRNA group. The lentiviral vectors expressing siRNA against S1P1 and the pLL3.7 were respectively transfected into 293T cells with pMD2.G, pMDL g/p RRE, pRSV-REV to produce virus, and then infect HSG cells. The efficiency was observed by flow cytometry after the transfection for 48 h. The expression levels of S1P1 mRNA of HSG were detected by real-time RT-PCR and the expression of S1P1 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry method. The expression levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-17 in the supernatant of the cells were detected by ELISA method. RESULTS (1) The scramble-siRNA, S1P1-siRNA lentiviral vector was successfully constructed, and the lentivirus titer was about 3.5×108 TU/mL. (2) The level of S1P1 mRNA was lower in S1P1-siRNA group than those in the blank group, empty vector group, and scramble-siRNA group 48 h after infection, there were significant differences between them (P<0.05). (3) The expression of S1P1 protein was lower in S1P1-siRNA group than those in blank group, empty vector group, and scramble-siRNA group 48 h after transfection, there were significant differences between them (P<0.05). (4) The levels of IL-17 were lower in S1P1-siRNA group than those in blank group, empty vector group, and scramble-siRNA group 48 h after transfection, there were significant differences between them (P<0.05). (5) The levels of IFN-γ in S1P1-siRNA group were lower than those in blank group, empty vector group, and scramble-siRNA group 48 h after transfection, there were significant differences between them (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The lentiviral vector targeting S1P1 was successfully constructed. S1P1 siRNA could suppress the levels of S1P1 mRNA and protein, and decrease the expression of IL-17 and IFN-γ. S1P1 siRNA could infect HSG cells stably and inhibit the expression of S1P1 gene specifically and efficiently, and reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Li
- Department of Rheumatology, the Fist Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Z F Chang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Fist Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - G A Yang
- Key Autoimmunity Lab of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - C Y Pang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Fist Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China;Key Autoimmunity Lab of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Y F Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Fist Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China;Key Autoimmunity Lab of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
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Abstract
A loss of acinar cells occurs with aging, while salivary production remains age-stable in healthy adults. It is hypothesized that a secretory reserve exists to preserve function despite a loss of acinar cells in normal aging. The purpose of this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study was to determine age-related differences in salivary response to an anti-sialogogue (glycopyrrolate). Thirty-six healthy subjects (18 young - 20-38 yrs; 18 older - 60-77 yrs) received 4.0 μg/kg IV glycopyrrolate. Parotid and submandibular/sublingual saliva samples and xerostomia questionnaire responses were collected. Variables calculated for each subject were: times to initial and maximum suppression and xerostomic complaint; time to recovery; and durations of suppression and complaint. Salivary function was more adversely affected in older persons. There were no consistent age-associated questionnaire response differences. These findings suggest that salivary gland output is more adversely affected by an anti-sialogogue in healthy older vs. younger adults, supporting the secretory reserve hypothesis of salivary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Ghezzi
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, Ann Arbor, USA
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Abstract
Objective: To review the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin A (BTX) in the treatment of sialorrhea. Data Sources: A PubMed search and reference list review was performed to find clinical trials on BTX in the treatment of sialorrhea. The search was limited to English-language trials involving human subjects. Articles from 1965 to October 2006 were searched, using key words botulinum, botulinum toxin, Botox, sialorrhea, saliva, salivary gland, and drooling. Study Selection And Data Extraction: Reports of 15 studies were found on BTX in the treatment of sialorrhea in human subjects. Four controlled trials are presented in detail, and 11 uncontrolled studies are summarized. Data Synthesis: One controlled trial found that BTX caused significant reductions in patients' severity and frequency of drooling compared with placebo. Another found significant saliva reductions in the treatment group receiving the highest dose of BTX but found no subjective improvement compared with the placebo group. A third study comparing BTX with placebo found significant improvements in subjective and objective measures of drooling in the treatment group. A fourth controlled trial found significant reductions from baseline levels of drooling after patients received BTX injections. Similar efficacy was found between the BTX and scopolamine treatment groups. Conclusions: Evidence indicates that BTX is a safe and effective treatment for sialorrhea. More research is needed to determine the ideal dose, injection location, and technique of BTX injections.
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Turk-Gonzales M, Odderson IR. Quantitative Reduction of Saliva Production with Botulinum Toxin Type B Injection into the Salivary Glands. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2016; 19:58-61. [PMID: 15673844 DOI: 10.1177/1545968304273201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drooling is common in patients with neurological disorders. Recently, botulinum toxin type B has been shown to be effective in the treatment of drooling. The authors present a unique case of a 57-year-old man with a history of a brainstem stroke and severe drooling. The patient’s parotid and submandibular glands were injected under ultra-sound guidance with botulinum toxin type B. Saliva was collected and quantified before and after the injections by 2 different collection methods: suctioning and dental rolls. Total saliva production decreased by 23.8% after injection of the parotid glands and by 85.8% after submandibular injection compared to the preinjection level. The 2 methods demonstrated similar results. In addition, the patient experienced less drooling and increased participation in therapies without any side effects. This case demonstrates that saliva secretion and drooling can effectively be treated by injections of botulinum toxin type B into the salivary glands.
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Abstract
Capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-N-vanilyl-6-nonenamide) is a unique alkaloid isolated from hot chili peppers of the capsicum family. Capsaicin is an agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1), which is expressed in nociceptive sensory neurons and a range of secretory epithelia, including salivary glands. Capsaicin has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties in sensory neurons. Recently, increasing evidence has indicated that capsaicin also affects saliva secretion and inflammation in salivary glands. Applying capsaicin increases salivary secretion in human and animal models. Capsaicin appears to increase salivation mainly by modulating the paracellular pathway in salivary glands. Capsaicin activates TRPV1, which modulates the permeability of tight junctions (TJ) by regulating the expression and function of putative intercellular adhesion molecules in an ERK (extracelluar signal-regulated kinase) -dependent manner. Capsaicin also improved dysfunction in transplanted salivary glands. Aside from the secretory effects of capsaicin, it has anti-inflammatory effects in salivary glands. The anti-inflammatory effect of capsaicin is, however, not mediated by TRPV1, but by inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, capsaicin might be a potential drug for alleviating dry mouth symptoms and inflammation of salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hwan Shin
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea.
| | - Jin Man Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea.
| | - Kyungpyo Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea.
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