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Chiang N, Dein M, Nguyen TH, Trudelle DM, Ho CT, Munafo JP. Characterization of Odorants in a Commercial Culinary Sage ( Salvia officinalis L.) and Several Cultivars. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:8081-8091. [PMID: 38535975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Culinary sage, Salvia officinalis L., is a popular spice plant commonly used throughout the world. In this study, 35 odorants were identified in dried sage via solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), including 9 that were identified in sage for the first time. Fifteen odorants were quantitated by stable isotope dilution analysis (SIDA), and their odor activity values (OAVs) were determined. Odorants with high OAVs included (2E,6Z)-nona-2,6-dienal, 1,8-cineole, and β-myrcene. A formulated aroma simulation model closely matched the aroma profile of an aqueous infusion of dried sage. Enantiomeric proportions of selected odorants were determined by chiral gas chromatography. Furthermore, 6 different sage cultivars were grown in the greenhouse, dried under the same conditions, and analyzed. Sensory analysis determined that all cultivars were dominated by an herbaceous sensory attribute and had varying intensities of eucalyptus, mint, clove, pine, green, earthy, floral, and citrus notes. Cultivars with varying intensities of herbaceous, eucalyptus, pine, and green sensory notes correlated with the OAVs of α-thujone/β-thujone, 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, and (2E,6Z)-nona-2,6-dienal, respectively. This study identified the odorants driving the sensory profiles of different sage cultivars and serves as a foundation for future studies on the aroma chemistry of culinary sage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Chiang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, New Jersey08901, United States
| | - Melissa Dein
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
| | - Thien H Nguyen
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
| | - Danielle M Trudelle
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, New Jersey08901, United States
| | - John P Munafo
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
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Ranauda MA, Zuzolo D, Maisto M, Tartaglia M, Scarano P, Prigioniero A, Sciarrillo R, Guarino C. Microplastics affect soil-plant system: Implications for rhizosphere biology and fitness of sage ( Salvia officinalis L.). Environ Pollut 2024; 346:123656. [PMID: 38408506 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
A mesocosm experiment was set-up to investigate the effects of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) fragments deriving from plastic film on soil ecology, rhizosphere and plant (Salvia officinalis L.) fitness. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 16S metagenomic analysis was adopted to evaluate taxonomic and functional shifts of both soil and rhizosphere under the influence of microplastics (MPs). Photosynthetic parameters and enzymes involved in oxidative stress were assessed to unveil the plant physiological state. MP fragments were analysed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and metagenomics to investigate the plastisphere. Microbial biomarkers of MPs pollution were identified in soil and rhizosphere, reinforcing the concept of molecular biomonitoring. Overall, Bacillus, Nocardioides and Streptomyces genera are bacterial biomarkers of MPs pollution in soil whereas Aspergillus, Fusarium and Trichoderma genera, and Nectriaceae family are fungal biomarkers of MPs polluted soil. The data show that the presence of MPs promotes the abundance of taxa involved in the soil N cycle, but simultaneously reduces the endophytic interaction capability and enhances pathogen related functions at the rhizosphere level. A significant decrease in chlorophyll levels and increase of oxidative stress enzymes was observed in plants grown in MPs-polluted soil. The SEM observations of MPs fragments revealed a complex colonisation, where bacteria (Bacillus in MPSo and Microvirga in MPRz) and fungi (Aspergillus in MPSo and Trichoderma in MPRz) represent the main colonisers. The results demonstrate that the presence of MPs causes changes in the soil and rhizosphere microbial community and functions leading to negative effects on plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta Ranauda
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Daniela Zuzolo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, 82100, Benevento, Italy.
| | - Maria Maisto
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Maria Tartaglia
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Scarano
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Antonello Prigioniero
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Rosaria Sciarrillo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Carmine Guarino
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, 82100, Benevento, Italy
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Bendaas R, Bekkar Y, Messaadia L, Bourougaa L, Messaoudi A, Kiamouche S, Messaoud B. Computational-based investigation of antioxidative potential polyphenolic compounds of Salvia officinalis L.: combined DFT and molecular docking approaches. J Mol Model 2024; 30:87. [PMID: 38416254 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The antioxidant properties of the three polyphenolic compounds (carnosol, cirsiliol, and luteolin) of Salvia officinalis L. were investigated employing the density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP of basis set at 6-311 + + G (d, p) in order to evaluate their antioxidant activity. The enthalpies of reactions associated with the SET-PT, SPLET, and HAT mechanisms were analyzed in gas and in different solvents using the CPCM (conductor-like polarizable continuum) model. For all possible hydrogen donor sites, the corresponding parameters (BDE, AIP, PDE, PA, ETE, HOMOs, and LUMOs) and reactivity indices (IPE, EA, Χ, η, S, and ω) were also evaluated. The calculated results showed that derivatives 12-OH, 11-OH, 4'-OH, and 3'-OH had the lowest antioxidant activity. The results showed as well that carnosol, cirsiliol, and luteolin have higher reactivity compared to ascorbic acid and could be considered better antioxidants. According to research, the catechol group is crucial in influencing the studied compounds antioxidant activity. The theoretically predicted order of antioxidant efficiencies in this work agrees well with the QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) data. The findings show that in the vacuum as well as benzene media. HAT would be the most effective mechanism; in contrast, the thermodynamic equilibrium approach in polar media is the SPLET mechanism. Likewise, the outcomes of the docking modeling confirm that the selected molecules have high inhibitory activity to glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) receptors. Moreover, they have very important pharmacokinetic, chemical, and biological profiles. Finally, all the results show that the three natural molecules have good pharmacokinetic profiles, particularly the bioavailability and permeability toward biological membranes. METHODS The software packages used in this investigation are Gaussian 16, Discovery studio Visualizer, and AutoDock vina. The three compounds (carnosol, cirsiliol, and luteolin) of Salvia officinalis L. were optimized with DFT/B3LYP of basis set at 6-311 + + G (d, p). The optimized structures were established via vibrational analysis (i.e., no imaginary frequencies in the frequency set). All enthalpies were zero-point (ZPE) corrected. Vibrational frequency calculations were performed at 298.15 K and 1 atmosphere pressure to determine the thermodynamic characteristics of the investigated reactions. The descriptors were associated with the antioxidant mechanisms for investigated molecules in vacuum and in various solvents. The molecular docking was used by AutoDock vina to estimate and evaluate the title compounds compatibility as potential antioxidant drugs utilizing appropriate receptor proteins. The solvation effect in the medium of benzene (ɛ = 2.27) and water (ɛ = 78.39) was taken into account. Furthermore, a methanol solvent (ɛ = 32.61) was also taken into consideration to compare with the empirical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridha Bendaas
- Laboratory of Applied Energy and Materials (LEAM), University of Jijel, Jijel, Algeria
| | - Yahia Bekkar
- Laboratory of Valorization and Technology of Sahara Resources (VTRS), University of El Oued, B.P.789, 39000, El Oued, Algeria
| | - Lyamine Messaadia
- Laboratory of Applied Energy and Materials (LEAM), University of Jijel, Jijel, Algeria.
| | - Lotfi Bourougaa
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Environment (LMCE), University of Biskra, BP 145, 707000, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Abdelatif Messaoudi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Des Matériaux Et Des Vivants: Activité & Réactivité (LCMVAR), Département Chimie, Faculté Des Sciences de La Matière, Université de Batna 1, Batna, Algeria
| | - Samir Kiamouche
- Laboratory of Applied Energy and Materials (LEAM), University of Jijel, Jijel, Algeria
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Process, University Constantine 3, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Benamira Messaoud
- Laboratory of Materials Interaction and Environment (LIME), Faculty of Exact Sciences and Computer Science, University of Jijel, 18000, Jijel, Algeria
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Alterary SS, Mostafa GAE, Alrabiah H, Al-Alshaikh MA, El-Tohamy MF. Charge Transfer Copper Chelating Complex and Biogenically Synthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Salvia officinalis Laves Extract in Comparative Spectrofluorimetric Estimation of Anticancer Dabrafenib. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:465-478. [PMID: 37610703 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a broad category of disease that can affect virtually any organ or tissue in the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, invade surrounding tissue, and/or spread to other organs. Dabrafenib is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. In the present study, two newly developed spectrofluorimetric probes for the detection of the anticancer drug Dabrafenib (DRF) in its authentic and pharmaceutical products using an ecologically synthesized copper oxide nanoparticle (CuONPs) from Salvia officinalis leaf extract and a copper chelate complex are presented. The first system is based on the influence of the particular optical properties of CuONPs on the enhancement of fluorescence detection. The second system, on the other hand, acts through the formation of a copper charge transfer complex. Various spectroscopic and microscopic studies were performed to confirm the environmentally synthesized CuONPs. The fluorescence detections in the two systems were measured at λex 350 and λem of 432 nm. The results showed the linear concentration ranges for the DRF-CuONPs-SDS and DRF-Cu-SDS complexes were determined to be 1.0-500 ng mL- 1 and 1.0-200 ng mL- 1, respectively. FI = 1.8088x + 21.418 (r = 0.9997) and FI = 2.7536x + 163.37 (r = 0.9989) were the regression equations. The lower detection and quantification limits for the aforementioned fluorescent systems were determined to be 0.4 and 0.8 ng mL- 1 and 1.0 ng mL- 1, respectively. The results also showed that intra-day DRF assays using DRF-CuONPs-SDS and DRF-Cu(NO3)2-SDS systems yielded 0.17% and 0.54%, respectively. However, the inter-day assay results for the above systems were 0.27% and 0.65%, respectively. The aforementioned two systems were effectively used in the study of DRF with excellent percent recoveries of 99.66 ± 0.42% and 99.42 ± 0.56%, respectively. Excipients such as magnesium stearate, titanium dioxide, red iron oxide, and silicon dioxide used in pharmaceutical formulations, as well as various common cations, amino acids, and sugars, had no effect on the detection of compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham S Alterary
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A E Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Haitham Alrabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monirah A Al-Alshaikh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha F El-Tohamy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
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Kara K, Pirci G. Immunity, rumen metagenomics, ruminal variables, and growth performance of calves fed milk with sage ( Salvia officinalis) essential oil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 56:27. [PMID: 38150074 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03831-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the effect of sage (Salvia officinalis) essential oil (EO) to the drinking milk until the weaning stage of Holstein calves on the growth performance, body measurements, ruminal fermentation, rumen metagenomic profile, proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and IL-1β], immune globulins (IgG, IgM, and IgE), and acute phase proteins (serum amyloid-A, SAA). In the study, 24 Holstein calves were divided into three groups as 0 μL (SAG0; control group), 100 μL (SAG100), or 200 μL (SAG200) of sage EO to the milk per calf per day. The addition of sage EO to the milk linearly increased the live weight, feed intake, and daily body weight gain (P < 0.05). The addition of sage EO to the milk in calves linearly increased serum IgG titter dose dependently (P < 0.05), but serum IgM and IgE titters did not change (P > 0.05). The concentrations of serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the weaned calves linearly decreased by the sage aromatic oil addition to the milk (P < 0.05). The serum SAA concentrations of calves did not differ among the control and treatment groups (P > 0.05). Probiotic Bifidobacterium and Acidaminococcus genus in calf rumen fluid can increase by sage EO addition to milk. The relative abundance of genus Prevotella, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, and Prevotella_9 increase with sage EO. The ruminal ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration and total short chain fatty acid (T-SCFA) molarity decreased by sage EO addition to the drinking milk (P < 0.05). The molarities of iso butyric (IBA) and iso valeric acids (IVA) in rumen fluid of the weaned calves linearly reduced by the increasing sage EO dose to the milk (P < 0.05). The butyric acid (BA) and iso caproic acid (ICA) molarities in rumen fluid did not change by the sage EO addition (P > 0.05). Consequently, it has been observed that sage EO addition to the milk of calves positively affected the immune system variables and performance parameters. Sage EO addition of calves before weaning may support the immune system in the eventual immunosuppression at the weaning stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanber Kara
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Türkiye.
- Erciyes University, Research Deanery, Kara Research Group, Kayseri, Türkiye.
| | - Gönül Pirci
- Erciyes University, Research Deanery, Kara Research Group, Kayseri, Türkiye.
- Health Sciences Institute, Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Türkiye.
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Maggini V, Bertazza G, Gallo E, Mascherini V, Calvi L, Marra C, Michelucci F, Liberati C, Trassi A, Baraldi R, Firenzuoli F. The Different Phytochemical Profiles of Salvia officinalis Dietary Supplements Labelled for Menopause Symptoms. Molecules 2023; 29:94. [PMID: 38202677 PMCID: PMC10779573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical screening of four commercial products containing Salvia officinalis was carried out. Total phenolic content was estimated spectrophotometrically through the use of the Folin-Ciocalteau method, flavonoid content was measured through the use of aluminum chloride and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine colorimetric assays, and isoflavones and α/β-thujones were analyzed through the use of high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) and the gas chromatographic method. The analyses revealed the absence of thujones and isoflavones (i.e., genistin, genistein, and daidzein) in all four different extracts. The content of polyphenolic compounds varied among the samples, with the extract T being richer in both polyphenols and flavonoids than the other products by 1.8-3.2 and 1.4-4.0 times, respectively (p-value < 0.05). These results highlight the importance of quality control in salvia-based products since a thujone-free extract rich in polyphenols and flavonoids could be a good candidate for further preclinical and clinical studies to identify an effective herbal approach suitable for the long-term therapy of menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Maggini
- Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine—CERFIT, Referring Center for Phytotherapy of Tuscany Region, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Gianpaolo Bertazza
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council (IBE CNR), Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (G.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Eugenia Gallo
- Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine—CERFIT, Referring Center for Phytotherapy of Tuscany Region, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Vittorio Mascherini
- Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine—CERFIT, Referring Center for Phytotherapy of Tuscany Region, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Calvi
- Independent Researcher, Via Fratelli Cervi 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Chiara Marra
- Casa Medica, Via Camozzi 77, 24121 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Francesca Michelucci
- DAI Anesthesia and Rianimation, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | | | - Anna Trassi
- General Practioner ASL Central Tuscany, Piazza IV Novembre 28, 51035 Pistoia, Italy;
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council (IBE CNR), Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (G.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Fabio Firenzuoli
- Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine—CERFIT, Referring Center for Phytotherapy of Tuscany Region, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.G.); (V.M.)
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Al-Sarraj F, Alotibi I, Al-Zahrani M, Albiheyri R, Alghamdi MA, Nass NM, Abd-Ellatif S, Makhlof RTM, Alsaad MA, Sajer BH, Elshafie HS. Green Synthesis of Chitosan-Capped Gold Nanoparticles Using Salvia officinalis Extract: Biochemical Characterization and Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:7762. [PMID: 38067495 PMCID: PMC10707927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing antimicrobial resistance to the action of existing antibiotics has prompted researchers to identify new natural molecules with antimicrobial potential. In this study, a green system was developed for biosynthesizing gold nanoparticles (BAuNPs) using sage (Salvia officinalis L.) leaf extract bioconjugated with non-toxic, eco-friendly, and biodegradable chitosan, forming chitosan/gold bioconjugates (Chi/BAuNPs). Characterization of the BAuNPs and Chi/BAuNPs conjugates takes place using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray spectra, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and zeta potential (Z-potential). The chemical composition of S. officinalis extract was evaluated via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). This study evaluated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of human pathogenic multidrug-resistant (MDR) and multisensitive (MS) bacterial isolates using the agar diffusion method. Chi/BAuNPs showed inhibition of the MDR strains more effectively than BAuNPs alone as compared with a positive standard antibiotic. The cytotoxicity assay revealed that the human breast adenocarcinoma cancer cells (MCF7) were more sensitive toward the toxicity of 5-Fu + BAuNPs and 5-Fu + Chi/BAuNPs composites compared to non-malignant human fibroblast cells (HFs). The study shows that BAuNPs and Chi/BAuNPs, combined with 5-FU NPs, can effectively treat cancer at concentrations where the free chemical drug (5-Fu) is ineffective, with a noted reduction in the required dosage for noticeable antitumor action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Al-Sarraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.-S.); (R.A.); (M.A.A.); (N.M.N.); (B.H.S.)
| | - Ibrahim Alotibi
- Health Information Technology Department, Applied College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Majid Al-Zahrani
- Biological Science Department, College of Science and Art, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Raed Albiheyri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.-S.); (R.A.); (M.A.A.); (N.M.N.); (B.H.S.)
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashail A. Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.-S.); (R.A.); (M.A.A.); (N.M.N.); (B.H.S.)
| | - Nada M. Nass
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.-S.); (R.A.); (M.A.A.); (N.M.N.); (B.H.S.)
| | - Sawsan Abd-Ellatif
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research (SRTA-City) and Technological Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Raafat T. M. Makhlof
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (R.T.M.M.); (M.A.A.)
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A. Alsaad
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (R.T.M.M.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Bayan H. Sajer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.-S.); (R.A.); (M.A.A.); (N.M.N.); (B.H.S.)
| | - Hazem S. Elshafie
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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Jedidi S, Rtibi K, Selmi H, Aloui F, Sebai H. Salvia officinalis flowers extract ameliorates liver and kidney injuries induced by simultaneous intoxication with ethanol/castor oil. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15854. [PMID: 37960994 PMCID: PMC10643985 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the possible mechanisms of aqueous extract Salvia officinalis flowers (SF-AE) and its protective effects against hepatorenal toxicities produced by simultaneous acute administration of ethanol (EtOH)/castor oil (CO). Healthy male rats (N = 50) were separated into five equal groups: control, Ethanol (EtOH) + Castor oil (CO), doses of increasing orders of SF-AE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, b.w., p.o.) during 15 days. Liver and kidney injuries were induced by EtOH (4 g/kg, b.w., p.o.) combined with CO (5 mL/kg, b.w., p.o.). Compared to the control group, SF-AE pretreatment protected against simultaneous administration of EtOH and CO-caused serious histological alterations in liver and kidney tissues. SF-AE also reversed liver and kidney biochemical parameters and lipid profile alterations. More importantly, SF-AE significantly reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and counteracted the depletion of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. SF-AE also prevents against inflammation induced by EtOH combined with CO, expressed by the rise of inflammation biomarkers (C-reactive protein: CRP and alkaline phosphatase: ALP). Additionally, combined EtOH intoxication and CO poisoning exerted an increase in H2 O2 , free iron and calcium levels. Impressively, SF-AE treatment regulated levels of these studied intracellular mediators in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, SF-AE can potentially improve liver and kidney injuries associated with biochemical parameter deregulations, possibly by controlling oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Jedidi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio‐ResourcesUniversity of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of BéjaBéjaTunisia
- Laboratory of Sylvo‐Pastoral ResourcesInstitution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education (IRESA), University of Jendouba, Sylvo‐Pastoral Institute of TabarkaTabarkaTunisia
| | - Kais Rtibi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio‐ResourcesUniversity of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of BéjaBéjaTunisia
| | - Houcine Selmi
- Laboratory of Sylvo‐Pastoral ResourcesInstitution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education (IRESA), University of Jendouba, Sylvo‐Pastoral Institute of TabarkaTabarkaTunisia
| | - Foued Aloui
- Laboratory of Sylvo‐Pastoral ResourcesInstitution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education (IRESA), University of Jendouba, Sylvo‐Pastoral Institute of TabarkaTabarkaTunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio‐ResourcesUniversity of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of BéjaBéjaTunisia
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Bahadoran S, Teymouri Y, Hassanpour H, Mohebbi A, Akbari MR. Effect of sage ( Salvia officinalis L.) extract in antioxidant status and intestinal morphology of pulmonary hypertensive chickens. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2176-2184. [PMID: 35405032 PMCID: PMC10508482 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effects of dietary sage on the growth performance, antioxidant status, intestinal mucosa morphology, and pulmonary hypertensive response were investigated in broiler chickens with pulmonary hypertension. METHODS Chicks (Ross 308) were reared under cold stress for 35 days and treated with 0.05% vitamin C (positive control) and 0 (control), 0.1 or 0.2% sage extracts, then performance, oxidant and antioxidant status, and intestinal morphology were evaluated. RESULTS The index of pulmonary hypertension (RV:TV) was decreased, and weight gain (days 22-35) was increased in all treatments (except for sage 0.1%) compared with control (P < 0.05). Lipid peroxidation was decreased, whereas the activity of antioxidant enzymes (GPX, CAT, and SOD) was increased in the sage 0.2% group compared with control (P < 0.05). In the lung, SOD, CAT, and GPX transcripts were decreased in the sage 0.2% group compared with control (P < 0.05). In the right ventricle of the heart, SOD and CAT transcripts were increased in the sage 0.2% group compared with other groups of chickens, whereas GPX transcript was decreased (P < 0.05). The jejunal villus length in the chickens fed sage was significantly lower than in control (P < 0.05). The ileal villus width, villus surface area, and lamina proporia thickness in the chickens fed sage (0.2%) were increased compared with control (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dietary supplementation of sage (0.2%) could modulate pulmonary hypertensive response, improve antioxidant status (enzymatic activity), intestinal morphometry, and absorptive surface in the broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Bahadoran
- Department of Clinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineShahrekord UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Younes Teymouri
- Department of Clinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineShahrekord UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Hossein Hassanpour
- Department of Basic SciencesPhysiology DivisionFaculty of Veterinary MedicineShahrekordIran
| | - Abdolnaser Mohebbi
- Department of Clinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineShahrekord UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Mohammad Reza Akbari
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of AgricultureShahrekord UniversityShahrekordIran
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Heydarpour S, Sharifipour F, Heydarpour F. Effect of Salvia officinalis scent on postmenopausal women's sexual function and satisfaction: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:442. [PMID: 37612717 PMCID: PMC10463902 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sexual function is one of the important aspects of quality of life which is often impaired after menopause. Given the side effects of hormone therapy on postmenopausal women, alternative treatments such as aromatherapy have won popularity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aromatherapy using Salvia officinalis on the sexual function and satisfaction of postmenopausal women. METHODS This was a double-blind randomized controlled trial conducted on postmenopausal women referring to health centers in Kermanshah, Iran, in 2018. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: Salvia officinalis (n = 32) and control (n = 32). Women in the intervention group received 2 drops of Salvia officinalis essential oil by inhalation twice a day for 5 consecutive days of a week continued for 6 weeks. The control group received almond oil in the same dosage and frequency. Sexual function and satisfaction were evaluated using the Lindberg sexual satisfaction questionnaire and the female sexual function index, respectively before the intervention and 6 weeks after it. RESULTS After 6 weeks of intervention, the total mean scores of sexual function (28.8 ± 2.13 vs.17.9 ± 1.59 P < 0.001) and sexual satisfaction (71.53 ± 5.86 vs. 50.44 ± 10.41) were significantly higher in the Salvia officinalis group compared with the control group, respectively. CONCLUSION The findings showed that aromatherapy using Salvia officinalis has a significant effect on improving sexual function and satisfaction in postmenopausal women. Therefore, given the prevalence of sexual disorders in postmenopausal women, aromatherapy using Salvia officinalis is recommended to be used for improving these disorders. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials; https://en.irct.ir/user/trial/50212/view (IRCT20160427027633N6), registered (12/08/2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sousan Heydarpour
- Department of Reproductive Health, Nursing and Midwifery School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Foruzan Sharifipour
- Department of Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fateme Heydarpour
- Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Hrebień-Filisińska AM, Tokarczyk G. The Use of Ultrasound-Assisted Maceration for the Extraction of Carnosic Acid and Carnosol from Sage ( Salvia officinalis L.) Directly into Fish Oil. Molecules 2023; 28:6094. [PMID: 37630345 PMCID: PMC10459298 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the effect of ultrasonic maceration (U) on the extraction of carnosic acid (CA) and its derivative-carnosol (C)-directly from sage into fish oil, compared to homogenization-assisted maceration (H). It was shown that the ultrasonic maceration process (U) allowed for obtaining a macerate enriched in carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (C), also containing rosmarinic acid (RA), total polyphenols, and plant pigments, and showing antioxidant properties (DPPH test). There was no unequivocal difference in the efficiency of extracting ingredients from sage into the oil macerate between U and H, with the use of ultrasound in most cases resulting in a greater extraction of C and less extraction of pigments from sage into the macerate than in H. The highest simultaneous contents of CA (147.5 mg/100 g) and C (42.7 mg/100 g) in the macerate were obtained after 60 min of maceration U when using a higher power (320 W). The amount of determined compounds also depended on the concentration of methanol (methanol; 70% methanol) used for the analysis. The maceration U is a simple, safe, "green method" of obtaining active substances, with a reduced number of steps, enabling an interesting application form of CA and C, e.g., for food or cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka M. Hrebień-Filisińska
- Department of Fish, Plant and Gastronomy Technology, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland;
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Moradi M, Ghavami V, Niazi A, Seraj Shirvan F, Rasa S. The Effect of Salvia Officinalis on Hot Flashes in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery 2023; 11:169-178. [PMID: 37489230 PMCID: PMC10363264 DOI: 10.30476/ijcbnm.2023.97639.2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Background The experience of hot flashes during menopause has a negative effect on quality of life and can cause disturbance in the workplace and disrupt daily activities. Phytoestrogens in Salvia officinalis reduce menopause symptoms due to their anti-dopaminergic effects. This study was conducted to systematically review and summarize the results of clinical trials on the effect of Salvia officinalis on hot flashes in postmenopausal women. Methods In this systematic review, databases including Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Scopus, SID, and Magiran were searched using keywords such as menopause, hot flashes, Salvia officinalis, and herbal medicines; all possible combinations of these words were used with the Boolean operators of "OR" and "AND". To evaluate the quality of articles, we used Cochrane's Risk of bias tools. Results After eliminating the duplicates, a total of 148 articles were found. Following the exclusion of irrelevant articles, 4 studies with number of 310 people were examined. Among them, 3 out of 4 studies examined the effect of Salvia officinalis on the frequency of hot flashes, 3 out of 4 studies examined the severity of hot flashes, and only 1 out of 4 studies examined the effect of Salvia officinalis on the duration of hot flashes. All 4 reviewed studies indicated that the use of Salvia officinalis reduced the frequency and severity of hot flashes in postmenopausal women. Meta-analysis results showed that the effect of Salvia Officinalis on the frequency [ES=-1.12 (%95 CI:-2.37; 0.14), I2=71%] of hot flashes in postmenopausal women was significant compared to placebo, but severity [ES=-2.05 (%95 CI:-6.53; 2.43), I2=70%] was not significant. Conclusion Salvia officinalis can be used to reduce the frequency of menopausal hot flashes. Expansive use of this plant can be suggested in case it is confirmed in further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moradi
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Ghavami
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Heath, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azin Niazi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Seraj Shirvan
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saye Rasa
- Department of Genaeral Practice, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Pirooz P, Amooaghaie R, Bakhtiari S. Interactive effect of silicon and nitric oxide effectively contracts copper toxicity in Salvia officinalis L. International Journal of Phytoremediation 2023; 25:1801-1809. [PMID: 37038608 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2199875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Excess copper (Cu) causes the toxic effects in plants and health hazards to humans. Therefore, in this study, the effect of sodium silicate (1 mM Si) and sodium nitroprusside (200 µM SNP as a releasing NO), was assessed on Cu tolerance in Salvia officinalis L. plants exposed to 400 µM CuSO4. Results revealed that the combined supplementation with Si and SNP rather than the single application of these chemicals lowered Cu concentrations and translocation factor and increased Mg, Zn, and Fe concentrations in roots and shoots. Furthermore, combined treatment more efficiently decreased electrolyte leakage enhanced the activities of POD and APX in the leaves and roots, and improved relative water content and the content of Chl. a and Chl. b in leaves and consequently further increased tolerance index. Silicon supply enhanced NO content and applying Si + SNP more than the treatment of Si alone increased Si concentrations in the roots and shoots under Cu stress. Therefore, the reciprocal interaction of Si and NO might enhance Cu tolerance in plants, and the combined application of Si and SNP might be a promising strategy to decrease heavy metal accumulation in medicinal plants grown in polluted lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pariya Pirooz
- Plant Science Department, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Rayhaneh Amooaghaie
- Plant Science Department, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Somayeh Bakhtiari
- Environment and Civil Engineering Department, Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan, Iran
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Bakhtiari M, Raeisi Sadati F, Raeisi Sadati SY. Foliar application of silicon, selenium, and zinc nanoparticles can modulate lead and cadmium toxicity in sage ( Salvia officinalis L.) plants by optimizing growth and biochemical status. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:54223-54233. [PMID: 36872405 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25959-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Different techniques have been used to alleviate metal toxicity in medicinal plants; accordingly, nanoparticles (NPs) have a noticeable interest in modulating oxidative stresses. Therefore, this work aimed to compare the impacts of silicon (Si), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) NPs on the growth, physiological status, and essential oil (EO) of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) treated with foliar application of Si, Se, and Zn NPs upon lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) stresses. The results showed that Se, Si, and Zn NPs decreased Pb accumulation by 35, 43, and 40%, and Cd concentration by 29, 39, and 36% in sage leaves. Shoot plant weight showed a noticeable reduction upon Cd (41%) and Pb (35%) stress; however, NPs, particularly Si and Zn improved plant weight under metal toxicity. Metal toxicity diminished relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll, whereas NPs significantly enhanced these variables. The noticeable raises in malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage (EL) were observed in plants exposed to metal toxicity; however, they were alleviated with foliar application of NPs. The EO content and EO yield of sage plants decreased by the heavy metals but increased by the NPs. Accordingly, Se, Si, and Zn NPS elevated EO yield by 36, 37, and 43%, respectively, compared with non-NPs. The primary EO constituents were 1,8-cineole (9.42-13.41%), α-thujone (27.40-38.73%), β-thujone (10.11-12.94%), and camphor (11.31-16.45%). This study suggests that NPs, particularly Si and Zn, boosted plant growth by modulating Pb and Cd toxicity, which could be advantageous for cultivating this plant in areas with heavy metal-polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Bakhtiari
- Department of Agronomy, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereshteh Raeisi Sadati
- Department of Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyede Yalda Raeisi Sadati
- Department of Plant Genetics and Production Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
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Yang H, Chen H, Ni Y, Li J, Cai Y, Wang J, Liu C. Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of Salvia officinalis (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) Suggests Diverse Genome Structures in Cogeneric Species and Finds the Stop Gain of Genes through RNA Editing Events. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065372. [PMID: 36982448 PMCID: PMC10048906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study was the first to confirm that the predominant conformation of mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of Salvia species contains two circular chromosomes. To further understand the organization, variation, and evolution of Salvia mitogenomes, we characterized the mitogenome of Salvia officinalis. The mitogenome of S. officinalis was sequenced using Illumina short reads and Nanopore long reads and assembled using a hybrid assembly strategy. We found that the predominant conformation of the S. officinalis mitogenome also had two circular chromosomes that were 268,341 bp (MC1) and 39,827 bp (MC2) in length. The S. officinalis mitogenome encoded an angiosperm-typical set of 24 core genes, 9 variable genes, 3 rRNA genes, and 16 tRNA genes. We found many rearrangements of the Salvia mitogenome through inter- and intra-specific comparisons. A phylogenetic analysis of the coding sequences (CDs) of 26 common protein-coding genes (PCGs) of 11 Lamiales species and 2 outgroup taxa strongly indicated that the S. officinalis was a sister taxon to S. miltiorrhiza, consistent with the results obtained using concatenated CDs of common plastid genes. The mapping of RNA-seq data to the CDs of PCGs led to the identification of 451 C-to-U RNA editing sites from 31 PCGs of the S. officinalis mitogenome. Using PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing methods, we successfully validated 113 of the 126 RNA editing sites from 11 PCGs. The results of this study suggest that the predominant conformation of the S. officinalis mitogenome are two circular chromosomes, and the stop gain of rpl5 was found through RNA editing events of the Salvia mitogenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyu Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haimei Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Ni
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingling Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yisha Cai
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiehua Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (C.L.); Tel.: +86-022-8740-2072 (J.W.); +86-10-5783-3111 (C.L.); Fax: +86-022-2740-7956 (J.W.); +86-10-62899715 (C.L.)
| | - Chang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (C.L.); Tel.: +86-022-8740-2072 (J.W.); +86-10-5783-3111 (C.L.); Fax: +86-022-2740-7956 (J.W.); +86-10-62899715 (C.L.)
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Weishaupt R, Buchkov A, Kolev E, Klein P, Schoop R. Reduction of Viral Load in Patients with Acute Sore Throats: Results from an Observational Clinical Trial with Echinacea/Salvia Lozenges. Complement Med Res 2023; 30:299-306. [PMID: 36889292 PMCID: PMC10664317 DOI: 10.1159/000530017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute tonsillopharyngitis or sore throat is an initial sign of viral respiratory tract infection (RTI) and an optimal indicator for early antiviral and anti-inflammatory intervention. Both of these actions have been attributed to Echinacea purpurea and Salvia officinalis. METHODS 74 patients (age 13-69 years) with acute sore throat symptoms (<48 h) were treated with five Echinacea/Salvia lozenges per day (4,000 mg Echinacea purpurea extract [Echinaforce®] and 1,893 mg Salvia officinalis extract [A. Vogel AG, Switzerland] daily) for 4 days. Symptom intensities were recorded in a diary and oropharyngeal swab samples collected for virus detection and quantification via RT-qPCR. RESULTS The treatment was exceptionally well tolerated, no complicated RTI developed, and no antibiotic treatment was required. A single lozenge reduced throat pain by 48% (p < 0.001) and tonsillopharyngitis symptoms by 34% (p < 0.001). Eighteen patients tested virus positive at inclusion. Viral loads in these patients was reduced by 62% (p < 0.03) after intake of a single lozenge and by 96% (p < 0.02) after 4 days of treatment compared to pre-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Echinacea/Salvia lozenges represent a valuable and safe option for the early treatment of acute sore throats capable to alleviate symptoms and contribute to reducing viral loads in the throat. Hintergrund Akute Tonsillopharyngitis oder Halsschmerzen/entzündungen sind ein erstes Anzeichen einer viralen Atemwegsinfektion (vAWI) und ein optimaler Indikator für eine frühzeitige antivirale und entzündungshemmende Intervention. Beide Wirkungen werden Echinacea purpurea und Salvia officinalis zugeschrieben. Methoden 74 Patienten (Alter 13–69 Jahre) mit akuten Halsschmerzen/entzündungen (<48 h) wurden mit fünf Echinacea/Salvia-Lutschtabletten pro Tag (Tagesdosis: 4'000 mg Echinacea purpurea-Extrakt [Echinaforce®] und 1'893 mg Salvia officinalis Extrakt [A. Vogel AG, Schweiz]) behandelt für 4 Tage. Die Symptomintensität wurde in einem Tagebuch aufgezeichnet und Rachenabstrichproben wurden zum Virusnachweis und zur Quantifizierung mittels RT-qPCR entnommen. Resultate Die Behandlung wurde außergewöhnlich gut vertragen, es entwickelte sich keine komplizierten AWI und es waren keine Antibiotikabehandlungen erforderlich. Eine einzelne Lutschtablette reduzierte die akuten Halsschmerzen um 48% ( p < 0,001) und die allgemeinen Tonsillopharyngitis Symptome um 34% ( p < 0,001). Achtzehn Patienten wurden bei der Aufnahme viruspositiv getestet. Die Viruslast wurde bei diesen Patienten nach Einnahme einer einzigen Lutschtablette um 62% ( p < 0,03), und nach 4-tägiger Behandlung um 96% ( p < 0,02) reduziert im Vergleich zu vor der Behandlung. Schlussfolgerungen Echinacea/Salvia-Lutschtabletten stellen eine sichere Option für die frühzeitige Behandlung akuter Halsschmerzen/entzündungen dar, die Symptome lindern, und zur Verringerung der Viruslast im Hals beitragen können.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandar Buchkov
- Convex CRC, Diagnostics and Consultation Center Convex, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Emil Kolev
- Convex CRC, Diagnostics and Consultation Center Convex, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Peter Klein
- d.s.h. Statistical Services GmbH, Rohrbach, Germany
| | - Roland Schoop
- Medical Department, A. Vogel AG, Roggwil, Switzerland
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Lahlou Y, Moujabbir S, Aboukhalaf A, El Amraoui B, Bamhaoud T. Antibacterial activity of essential oils of Salvia Officinalis growing in Morocco. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 2023; 74:459-468. [PMID: 38117183 DOI: 10.32394/rpzh.2023.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The bacterial infections treatment is complicated by antibiotic resistance. In this fact, the need for new therapeutic approaches to control bacterial infections is crucial. Therefore, discovering new antibiotics from medicinal plants, able to kill drug-resistant bacteria, is essential to saving modern medicine. Objective This study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of Salvia officinalis essential oil (SoEO) growing in Morocco. Material and methods The essential oil was extracted by hydro distillation, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by agar dilution method. The essential oil was analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and fractionated/purified using column chromatography followed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Results The results revealed that SoEO showed higher antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Citrobacter freundii. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, and purification/fractionation of SoEO, indicates that the most polar fraction F6 is the active fraction of SoEO. This finding can be explained by the existence of polar compounds in this fraction including alcohols, and phenols as thymol, eugenol, globulol, and spathulenol. Conclusions It can be conclude that alcohols and phenols from Salvia officinalis essential oil (SoEO) have promising antibacterial activity. This action can offer a great possibility of the application of SoEO in the treatment of bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Lahlou
- Department of Biology, Control Quality in Bio-control Industry & Bioactive Molecules Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Sara Moujabbir
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Nutrition. Training and Research. Unit on Nutrition and Food Sciences. Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida 24000, Morocco
| | - Abdelghani Aboukhalaf
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Nutrition. Training and Research. Unit on Nutrition and Food Sciences. Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida 24000, Morocco
| | - Belkassem El Amraoui
- Department of Biology, Control Quality in Bio-control Industry & Bioactive Molecules Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Nutrition. Training and Research. Unit on Nutrition and Food Sciences. Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida 24000, Morocco
- Department of Biology, Biotechnology, Materials and Environment Laboratory, Faculty Polydisciplinary of Taroudant B.P 271, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Toufiq Bamhaoud
- Department of Biology, Control Quality in Bio-control Industry & Bioactive Molecules Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
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Mardani Korrani F, Amooaghaie R, Ahadi A. He-Ne Laser Enhances Seed Germination and Salt Acclimation in Salvia officinalis Seedlings in a Manner Dependent on Phytochrome and H 2O 2. Protoplasma 2023; 260:103-116. [PMID: 35471709 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01762-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the current study the role of H2O2 in He-Ne laser-induced effects on seed germination and post-germinative performance of Salvia officinalis seedlings was assessed under both non-stress and saline conditions. Salinity had adverse impacts on seed germination and root length and decreased seed germination tolerance index. Seed priming with H2O2 and He-Ne laser impacted the seed germination and vigoration in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal effects were gathered by energy dose of 6 J/cm2 laser and concentration of 5 mM H2O2. These pre-treatments enhanced seed germination due to increasing contents of total soluble and reducing sugars and the amylase activity in seeds and improved seedling performance under saline and non-saline conditions. Furthermore, Phy B transcripts were upregulated, salt-accrued oxidative stress was mitigated, and the activities of POD and CAT increased in seedlings primed with H2O2 and laser. Interestingly, applying diphenyleneiodonium (DPI as an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase activity) and N, N-dimethyl thiourea (DMTU as a H2O2 scavenger) arrested the upregulation of phy B gene and abolished stimulatory impact of laser priming on the aforementioned attributes under both non-stress and saline conditions. These novel findings suggest that H2O2 as a downstream signal modulates the impacts of He-Ne laser on seed germination, seedling performance and salt acclimation in sage seedlings, and likely phy B also is involved in these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rayhaneh Amooaghaie
- Plant Science Department, Science Faculty, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Alimohammad Ahadi
- Genetic Department, Science Faculty, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Othman MS, Khaled AM, Aleid GM, Fareid MA, Hameed RA, Abdelfattah MS, Aldin DE, Moneim AEA. Evaluation of antiobesity and hepatorenal protective activities of Salvia officinalis extracts pre-treatment in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:75043-75056. [PMID: 35648345 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of Hail Salvia officinalis total extract (SOTE) and its high flavonoid fraction (SOHFF) on the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and hepatorenal damage in rats. Salvia officinalis plants were collected from Hail region, Saudi Arabia. Rats were fed HFD and supplemented orally with SOTE (250 mg kg-1) or SOHFF (100 mg kg-1) or simvastatin (SVS; 10 mg kg-1) every day for 8 weeks. Compared to the controls, HFD-induced obesity led to significant increases in body weight, body weight gained, blood insulin, leptin, cardiac enzymes (LDH and CPK) activity, and atherogenic index (AI). HFD rats also showed higher levels of hepatic and renal function biomarkers (ALT, urea, and creatinine), as well as lower levels of PPARγ and Nrf2-gene expression and a disrupted lipid profile. Moreover, HFD rats had lower levels of hepatic and renal antioxidant biomarkers (CAT, GPx, SOD, GR, and GSH), accompanied by higher levels of hepatic and renal lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), and inflammatory mediators (interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)). In addition, histological examination of hepatic and renal tissues revealed histopathological changes that validated the biochemical findings. Compared to HFD group, SOTE and SOHFF treatment led to marked amelioration of all the aforementioned parameters. Collectively, supplementation with SOTE and SOHFF effectively reversed HFD-induced alterations through its antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, SOTE and SOHFF have therapeutic potential in controlling obesity and related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Othman
- Basic Sciences Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Science and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt.
| | - Azza M Khaled
- Basic Sciences Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Aleid
- Basic Sciences Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Fareid
- Basic Sciences Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reda A Hameed
- Basic Sciences Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Doaa Ezz Aldin
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Krol A, Kokotkiewicz A, Luczkiewicz M. White Sage (Salvia apiana)-a Ritual and Medicinal Plant of the Chaparral: Plant Characteristics in Comparison with Other Salvia Species. Planta Med 2022; 88:604-627. [PMID: 33890254 DOI: 10.1055/a-1453-0964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salvia apiana, commonly known as white sage, is an aromatic evergreen subshrub of the chaparral, commonly found in coastal plains in California and Baja California. It has been traditionally used by the Chumash people as a ritual and medicinal plant and used as a calmative, a diuretic, and a remedy for the common cold. However, until recently, relatively little has been known about the composition and biological activity of white sage. Phytochemical studies on S. apiana revealed the presence of substantial amounts of essential oil, accompanied by a variety of triterpenes, C23 terpenoids, diterpenes, and flavonoids. Extracts of the plant have been shown to exhibit antioxidative, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic effects. The influence of white sage constituents on the nervous system, including GABA, opioid, and cannabinoid receptors, has also been documented. The review aimed to compile information on the taxonomy, botany, chemical composition, and biological activities of S. apiana. White sage was compared with other representatives of the genus in terms of chemical composition. The differences and similarities between S. apiana and other sage species were noted and discussed in the context of their therapeutic applications. Reports on ethnomedicinal uses of white sage were confronted with reports on chemistry, bioactivity, and bioavailability of S. apiana constituents. Finally, a critical assessment of the available data was made and perspectives for the use of white sage preparations in modern phytomedicine were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Krol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adam Kokotkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria Luczkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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21
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Saud MA, Saud NA, Hamad MA, Farhan Gar L. Role of Salvia officinalis Silver Nanoparticles in Attenuation Renal Damage in Rabbits Exposed to Methotrexate. Arch Razi Inst 2022; 77:151-162. [PMID: 35891727 PMCID: PMC9288605 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.356313.1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are now considered in an extensive range of applications in various fields such as biotechnology and biomedicine. The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of Salvia officinalis Silver Nanoparticles (SOSNPs) as an anti-oxidant on nephrotic damage induced by methotrexate (MTX) in adult rabbits. Green silver nanoparticles were synthesized using alcoholic extract of Salvia officinalis (S. Officinalis) leaves and were characterized by UV-spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscope. The mixing of the plant extract of S. Officinalis with silver nitrate solution leads to the change of the reaction mixture color to yellowish within 1 h and dark brown after 8 h. For studying the protective role of SOSNPs, a total of 28 adult Wistar albino rabbits were divided into four groups and treated intramuscularly (twice per week) for 45 days as follows: T1: S. Officinalis (150 mg/kg B.W), T2: SOSNPs (150 mg/kg B.W); T3: MTX (0.25 mg/kg B.W) and SOSNPs (150 mg/kg B.W); T4: MTX (0.25 mg/kg B.W). Blood was collected at 0, 15, 30, and 45 days using retro-orbital sinus and cardiac puncture technique, and the serum factors including malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) in serum, creatinine, as well as blood urea nitrogen and uric acid concentrations were measured at the next step. The results indicated that MTX (T4) caused a case of oxidative stress by a significant decrease in GSH and MDA as well as an increase in serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid concentrations. On the other hand, the protective roles of S. Officinalis and SOSNPs given concurrently with MTX were clarified in T2 and T3 groups, where there was the alleviation of renal damage through the correction of the previously mentioned parameters as well as the correction of anti-oxidant status. Finally, the present study documented the anti-oxidant activity and renal protective effects of SOSNPs against the damaging effects of MTX in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Saud
- Biotechnology and Environmental Center, University of Al-Fallujah, Fallujah, Al Anbar, Iraq
| | - N A Saud
- College of Education for Pure Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Al Anbar, Iraq
| | - M A Hamad
- Biotechnology and Environmental Center, University of Al-Fallujah, Fallujah, Al Anbar, Iraq
| | - L Farhan Gar
- Biotechnology and Environmental Center, University of Al-Fallujah, Fallujah, Al Anbar, Iraq
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22
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Kayalar E, Goger F, Tas Deynek G, Tok OE, Kucuk S. New bone-generative effect of Salvia officinalis L. in the expanded midpalatal suture : An in vivo and in vitro study. J Orofac Orthop 2022; 83:85-95. [PMID: 35015090 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-021-00366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of systemic administration of Salvia officinalis Linnaeus (L.) leaf extract on new bone formation in the expanded premaxillary suture in rats in vivo and to examine the antioxidant effects and phenolic profile of Salvia officinalis (SO) leaf and root extracts in vitro. METHODS Fourteen male Sprague Dawley rats were allocated to two groups: SO group (n = 7) and control group (n = 7). An open-loop spring was attached to the upper incisors of each rat to expand the premaxillae. A 5-day expansion period followed by a 12-day retention period was observed. The rats in the SO group received systemic administration of 20 mg SO/kg/day via the orogastric route for 17 days. Histomorphometric examinations were carried out to examine the amount of new bone formation, number of capillaries, and intensity of inflammatory cell response. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to examine the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Leaf and root extracts of SO were also analyzed for antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in vitro. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed that the following were higher in the SO group than in the control group: new bone formation, number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, intensity of inflammatory cell response (neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages), and number of capillaries. The major compound identified in SO leaf extract was rosmarinic acid, while luteolin derivatives, salvianolic acid F, and medioresinol were also present. CONCLUSIONS Salvia officinalis L. from leaf extract provided antioxidant effects and stimulated enhanced new bone formation in the expanded midpalatal suture after maxillary expansion in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Kayalar
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Aydin University, 34295, Florya, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Discipline of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney Dental Hospital, Surry Hills, Australia.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Goger
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | | | - Olgu Enis Tok
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevim Kucuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Sabry MM, Abdel-Rahman RF, El-Shenawy SM, Hassan AM, El-Gayed SH. Estrogenic activity of Sage ( Salvia officinalis L.) aerial parts and its isolated ferulic acid in immature ovariectomized female rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 282:114579. [PMID: 34499963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
ETNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Common sage (Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae), a medicinal plant of Mediterranean origin, has been traditionally applied in cases of excessive sweating, and in menopausal complaints, including hot flushes. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to study the possible estrogenic effect of the aerial parts of S. officinalis ethanolic extract in immature ovariectomized female rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethanolic extract was subjected to qualitative and quantitative HPLC analysis and phytochemical isolation. The estrogenic activity of S. officinalis ethanolic extract at oral doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b.wt. and its isolated ferulic acid at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.wt. for a week, was assessed on ovariectomized immature Wistar rats. The experiment was confirmed by luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) serum levels determination, a histopathological examination and a histomorphometrical study. RESULTS HPLC/PDA analysis revealed fourteen phenolic compounds the major constituents were methyl rosmarinate (24.86 mg/100 g) and ferulic acid (6.06 mg/100 g) together with five flavonoids where the major constituents were rutin, naringenin and quercetin. Two compounds were isolated from the polar fraction and identified as methyl rosmarinate (1) and ferulic acid (2). Oral administration of sage ethanolic extract and ferulic acid revealed a significant increase in the uterine weight compared to ovariectomized control rats. Moreover, S. officinalis and ferulic acid showed different phases of estrus cycle denoting estrogenic activity, and significantly decreased the serum levels of FSH and LH. CONCLUSION From these results it could be concluded that S. officinalis ethanolic extract and its content of ferulic acid could be useful as a safe natural source for estrogenic activity, supporting its traditional use to improve postmenopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal M Sabry
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Rehab F Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Siham M El-Shenawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza M Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sabah H El-Gayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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24
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Rashwan HM, Mohammed HE, El-Nekeety AA, Hamza ZK, Abdel-Aziem SH, Hassan NS, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Bioactive phytochemicals from Salvia officinalis attenuate cadmium-induced oxidative damage and genotoxicity in rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:68498-68512. [PMID: 34275073 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to identify the bioactive phytochemicals in Salvia officinalis essential oil, to determine the polyphenols in the aqueous extract (SOE), and to evaluate their protective role against cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage and genotoxicity in rats. Six groups of female rats were treated orally for 2 weeks including the control group, CdCl2-treated group, SOE-treated groups at low or high dose (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w), and CdCl2 plus SOE-treated groups at the two doses. The GC-MS analysis identified 39 compounds; the main compounds were 9-octadecenamide, eucalyptol, palmitic acid, and oleic acid. However, the HPLC analysis showed 12 polyphenolic compounds and the majority were coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, coffeic acid, catechin, vanillin, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and rutin. In the biological study, rats received CdCl2 displayed severe disturbances in liver and kidney indices alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (Alb), total protein (TP), total bilirubin (T. Bil), direct bilirubin (D. Bil), creatinine, uric acid, and urea, lipid profile, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and CEA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), gene expressions, DNA fragmentation, and histological alterations in the liver and kidney tissue. SOE showed a potent antioxidant and mitigated these alterations in serum and tissue. Moreover, the high dose succeeded to normalize most of the tested parameters and histological features. It could be concluded that S. officinalis is a promising source for bioactive compounds with therapeutic benefits against environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan M Rashwan
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Arish University, North Sinai, Al-Arish, Egypt
| | - Hagar E Mohammed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Arish University, North Sinai, Al-Arish, Egypt
| | - Aziza A El-Nekeety
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinab K Hamza
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Nabila S Hassan
- Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Leontaritou P, Lamari FN, Papasotiropoulos V, Iatrou G. Exploration of genetic, morphological and essential oil variation reveals tools for the authentication and breeding of Salvia pomifera subsp. calycina (Sm.) Hayek. Phytochemistry 2021; 191:112900. [PMID: 34399302 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salvia pomifera subsp. calycina (Sm.) Hayek (Lamiaceae), is an Eastern Mediterranean element, which is used in traditional medicine and cuisine in the same manner as S. fruticosa Mill. and S. officinalis L.. The essential oil (EO) and the extracts of S. pomifera possess bioactive compounds with anti-proliferative, anticholinesterase, antioxidant, antiviral and antifungal properties. In this study, the chemical (EO), genetic (DNA microsatellites, SSRs) and morphological diversity of forty-nine individuals of Salvia pomifera subsp. calycina, originating from five natural populations of the Peloponnese (Greece) were determined, in order to explore the potential for successful breeding and to reveal tools and biomarkers for identification and authentication. Chemical and genetic analyses revealed high levels of variation both within and among populations, while morphological analysis mainly within populations. Essential oil yield ranged from 1.79 to 5.79 ml 100 g-1 dry wt, among individuals while β-thujone ranged from 6.04 to 64.75%. Consistency was found in the EO yield and composition of specific individuals, when sampled during the same period, for three consecutive years, while the analysis during spring and summer months showed differentiation that still retained individual's discrimination. Genetic analysis using SSRs showed that the observed population heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.48 to 0.67, while high number of private alleles were revealed in all populations. Considerable genetic differentiation was observed among the three Salvia taxa (S. pomifera subsp. calycina, S. fruticosa, S. officinalis) (Fst values ranged from 0.27 to 0.48) and lower among S. pomifera subsp. calycina populations (Fst values ranged from 0.06 to 0.13). The great variation that was revealed in all measured traits, in combination with the demonstrated, genetically based, consistency of their EO yield and composition, advocates to a successful breeding, whereas SSR genotyping presents a strong identification and authentication tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Leontaritou
- Department of Biology, Division of Plant Biology, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.
| | - Fotini N Lamari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Vasileios Papasotiropoulos
- Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Department of Agriculture, University of Patras, 27200, Amaliada, Greece
| | - Gregoris Iatrou
- Department of Biology, Division of Plant Biology, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
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Jonas M, Schieberle P. Characterization of the Key Aroma Compounds in Fresh Leaves of Garden Sage ( Salvia officinalis L.) by Means of the Sensomics Approach: Influence of Drying and Storage and Comparison with Commercial Dried Sage. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:5113-5124. [PMID: 33881309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The overall aroma profiles of commercial dried sage differ significantly from the profile of macerated fresh leaves. To clarify changes in the key aroma compounds, first an aroma extract dilution analysis was applied on an extract/distillate prepared from the fresh leaves of Italian garden sage cultivated in a green house in Germany. Among the 39 aroma active compounds characterized, (Z)-3-hexenal, 1,8-cineol, borneol and eugenol showed the highest flavor dilution (FD) factors. Odorants identified with FD factors between 64 and 8192 were quantitated to calculate odor activity values (OAV; ratio of concentration to odor threshold). The highest OAVs were determined for myrcene, (Z)-3-hexenal, (1S,2R,4S)-borneol and 1,8-cineol. A mixture of 22 key reference aroma compounds in the same concentrations as determined in the fresh sage leaves successfully mimicked the overall aroma profile of the spice. To get insight into changes induced by drying, all key aroma compounds were quantitated in sage leaves from the same plant by drying at 50 °C. While all monoterpenes remained nearly unchanged during drying, in particular highly volatile compounds such as dimethyl sulfide or 2- and 3-methylbutanal were decreased. Almost a total loss occurred for 3-(methylthio)propanal, phenylacetaldehyde, and (Z)-3-hexenal. By contrast, storage of the dried leaves for 12 months at room temperature in the dark did not much effect the concentrations of selected key odorants, thus indicating that drying is the most important factor for the changes in aroma compounds. Sensory profiling of six commercial sage samples showed different aroma profiles, which also clearly differed from the profile of the sage dried in lab scale, which was rated to elicit the most typical sage aroma. In addition, the concentrations of selected key aroma compounds as well as the total amount of volatiles were clearly lower in all commercial samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Jonas
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at TU Munich (formerly Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie), Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Peter Schieberle
- Faculty of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Pirooz P, Amooaghaie R, Ahadi A, Sharififar F. Silicon- induced nitric oxide burst modulates systemic defensive responses of Salvia officinalis under copper toxicity. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 162:752-761. [PMID: 33799186 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the role of nitric oxide (NO) burst in modulating Si-induced defensive responses in leaves and roots of Salvia officinalis under copper (Cu) stress were investigated. The result showed that 400 μM Cu markedly reduced shoot dry weight, but increased electrolyte leakage (EL) in leaves and both Si and sodium nitroprusside (SNP as the NO donor) improved these attributes in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, Cu toxicity systemically boosted a NO burst in both roots and shoots and applying Si and SNP markedly intensified it. The application of Si and SNP alone as well as their combination improved growth parameters and systemically alleviated Cu-induced lipid peroxidation and H2O2 accumulation through lowering Cu accumulation, increasing proline content, enhancing the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in both roots and leaves and up-regulating expression of SOD gene in leaves of S. officinalis. NO generation was substantially arrested and the responses induced by Si were significantly suppressed by pretreatment with 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxy l-3-oxide (cPTIO) as a NO scavenger, Nx-Nitro- L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) as a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, and tungstate as a nitrate reductase inhibitor. These novel results indicate that Si can induce Cu tolerance through triggering NO generation which systemically modulates defensive reactions in both roots and leaves of Salvia officinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pariya Pirooz
- Plant Science Department, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Rayhaneh Amooaghaie
- Plant Science Department, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran; Biotechnology Research Institute, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Alimohammad Ahadi
- Genetic Department, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fariba Sharififar
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Russo C, Edwards KD, Margetts G, Kleidonas S, Zaibi NS, Clapham JC, Zaibi MS. Effects of Salvia officinalis L. and Chamaemelum nobile (L.) extracts on inflammatory responses in two models of human cells: Primary subcutaneous adipocytes and neuroblastoma cell line (SK-N-SH). J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 268:113614. [PMID: 33246119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvia officinalis L. (sage), and Chamaemelum nobile (L.) (chamomile) have been used traditionally to treat various inflammatory conditions. AIMS Our study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of both plant extracts in IL-1β-stimulated neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-SH) and human subcutaneous mature adipocytes, as well as their potential protective effects against mature adipocytes conditioned media (ACM)-induced neuro-inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human subcutaneous mature adipocytes and neuroblastoma cells were treated with 5 μg/ml (low dose: LD) and 50 μg/ml (high dose: HD) of each extract, with or without 0.5 ng/ml of human recombinant IL-1β. To understand the cross talk between fat tissue and neuronal cells, SK-N-SH cell line was incubated with ACM 10%, in presence or absence of both extracts LD and HD. Following 4, and 24 h incubation, the released MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and SAA levels were measured using MSD Cytokines and Chemokines assay kits, and the cells were used for gene expression. RNA was quantified using Qubit™ RNA HS Assay. RNA aliquots were shipped to Eurofins Genomics (Aarhus, Denmark) for expression analysis on the human Clariom™ GO Screen Assay (952,361; ThermoFisher). RESULTS Chamomile showed stronger effects compared to sage in both cell lines, at 4 and 24 h. Adipocytes acute treatment with sage decreased MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8 (p < 0.001), and TNF-α (p < 0.05) basal levels. This was mirrored at MCP-1 transcriptional level. Chronic treatment with both extracts resulted in a significant reduction in ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and SAA (p < 0.001) levels, in IL-1β-stimulated adipocytes. However, in SK-N-SH cells, sage increased the basal levels of many cytokines and chemokines on both protein and transcriptional levels. This was also observed in IL-1β-stimulated cells. In chamomile treated SK-N-SH cells, acute and chronic treatments decreased MCP-1 (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p < 0.01), TNF-α (p < 0.01), and IL-8 (p < 0.001) basal levels. In IL1-β-stimulated SK-N-SH cells, chamomile HD induced a significant reduction in TNF-α after both acute and chronic treatments respectively, by 52% and 81%. At transcriptional level, this effect was only reflected at 4 h. ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and SAA levels were reduced in most of the studied conditions. In IL-1β treated adipocytes, chamomile showed stronger reduction in MCP-1, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, however no significant reduction in TNF-α and IL-8 was observed, despite the decrease in basal levels. In SK-N-SH cells, ACM increased MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, VCAM-1 and SAA levels. Sage HD acute treatment resulted in a reduction of ACM effect on IL-6, IL-8 and VCAM-1, with greater effect of chamomile on MCP-1 (p < 0.05); IL-6 (p < 0.001); TNF-α (p < 0.001); VCAM-1 (p < 0.001); and SAA (p < 0.001). This protective effect was also observed after chronic treatment. However, both extracts potentiated significantly the ACM-pro-inflammatory effect on IL-8 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Sage decreased the pro-inflammatory markers mostly in human adipocytes, whereas chamomile showed a strong reduction in both cell populations. Both extracts reduced the ACM-induced inflammation effect and might be used as a preventive treatment for late-life cognitive impairment related to low-grade chronic inflammation associated with obesity. Further studies are needed to investigate their combination on other chronic inflammation-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Russo
- Buckingham Institute for Translational Medicine, The Clore Laboratory, The University of Buckingham, Hunter Street, MK18 1EG, Buckingham, UK.
| | - Kieron D Edwards
- Sibelius Ltd., 20 East Central, 127 Olympic Avenue, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4SA, UK.
| | - Gemma Margetts
- Buckingham Institute for Translational Medicine, The Clore Laboratory, The University of Buckingham, Hunter Street, MK18 1EG, Buckingham, UK.
| | - Sotirios Kleidonas
- Sibelius Ltd., 20 East Central, 127 Olympic Avenue, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4SA, UK.
| | - Nawel S Zaibi
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Hospital Claude Huriez, 59000, Lille, France.
| | - John C Clapham
- Buckingham Institute for Translational Medicine, The Clore Laboratory, The University of Buckingham, Hunter Street, MK18 1EG, Buckingham, UK.
| | - Mohamed S Zaibi
- Buckingham Institute for Translational Medicine, The Clore Laboratory, The University of Buckingham, Hunter Street, MK18 1EG, Buckingham, UK.
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Koubaa FG, Chaâbane M, Turki M, Ayadi FM, El Feki A. Anti-oxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Salvia officinalis essential oil against vanadium-induced oxidative stress and histological changes in the rat liver. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:11001-11015. [PMID: 33106906 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of Salvia officinalis essential oil (SOEO) against vanadium-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Animals were divided into three groups: the first group served as the control (C), where rats received daily 0.5 mL of saline solution (0.9%) given by intraperitoneal (i.p.) way. Rats in the second group (V) received daily by i.p. way 5 mg/kg BW of NH4VO3 (V). Rats in the third group (SV) received daily V (5 mg/kg BW) by i.p. way and SOEO (15 mg/kg BW) by gavage. Animals were sacrificed after 4 or 10 days of treatment. Administration of V increased plasma ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH activities, and cholesterol, bilirubin, triglyceride, and NO levels in rats and reduced anti-oxidant enzyme activities in the liver. Treatment with SOEO significantly attenuated these changes. Moreover, the histopathological changes and the overexpression of Hsp72/73 proteins induced by V were significantly improved by SOEO. Therefore, our results suggested that SOEO could protect against V-induced oxidative damage in rat livers. The hepatoprotective effect of SOEO might be attributed to its modulation of detoxification enzymes and/or to its anti-oxidant and free radical scavenging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ghorbel Koubaa
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Mariem Chaâbane
- Enzymes and Bioconversion Unit, National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Turki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Makni Ayadi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdelfattah El Feki
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
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Khare R, Upmanyu N, Jha M. Exploring the Potential Effect of Methanolic Extract of Salvia officinalis Against UV Exposed Skin Aging: In vivo and In vitro Model. Curr Aging Sci 2021; 14:46-55. [PMID: 31393258 DOI: 10.2174/1874609812666190808140549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal plants have enormous pharmacological properties with fewer side effects. Today, there is an increasing demand of medicinal plants as an anti-aging and anti-wrinkle agent. ; Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-aging and anti-wrinkle potential of Salvia officinalis. ; Materials and Methods: Salvia officinalis (Lamiaceae) is folk medicine of Asia and Latin America. Powdered crude drug 100 g was successively extracted in a soxhlet apparatus with petroleum ether (60-80ºC), chloroform and methanol. After successive solvents, extraction methanolic extract was used for testing of antioxidant potential using DPPH assay. Further, the antiaging potential of the extract was investigated by the inhibitory effect of various enzymatic estimations i.e. Col-I, Ela- I and Hya-I inhibitory assays on early aging human skin fibroblasts. The antiwrinkle potential of plant Salvia officinalis was done by using a UV light-induced photoaging model. ; Results: Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of glycosides, alkaloids flavonoids, and triterpenoids, saponins and Phenolic Compounds at high level. The extract showed inhibitory concentration (IC50: 24.65) and ascorbic acid. The standard antioxidant showed inhibitory concentration (IC50: 20.10). In enzymatic estimations assay, the Col-I, Ela-I and Hya-I of extract were assessed showing inhibitory concentration as Col-I (IC50:21.36), Ela-I (IC50:35.05) and Hya-I (IC50:23.44), respectively. Thus, MeOH extract of Salvia officinalis can inhibit 50% of the activity of aging-related enzymes Col-I, Ela-I and Hya-I. The wrinkle score of negative control i.e. UV treated group was 2.83 ± 0.408, and MeOH extract of Salvia officinalis treated group is 1.83 ± 0.753. ; Conclusion: This study concluded that MeOH extract of Salvia officinalis has confirmed the high antioxidant potential and in vitro and in vivo inhibitory potential of antiaging enzymes assessed, thus they could be used for further development of cosmetic products and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Khare
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Research, People's University, Bhopal (M.P.) 462037, India
| | - Neeraj Upmanyu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Research, People's University, Bhopal (M.P.) 462037, India
| | - Megha Jha
- Pinnacle Biomedical Research Institute, Bhopal (M.P.) 462003, India
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Ben Khedher MR, Hafsa J, Haddad M, Hammami M. Inhibition of Protein Glycation by Combined Antioxidant and Antiglycation Constituents from a Phenolic Fraction of Sage ( Salvia officinalis L.). Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2020; 75:505-511. [PMID: 32740712 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-020-00838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Disturbed advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-oxidative stress axis is strongly linked to vascular complications observed in diabetes and other metabolic conditions. Salvia officinalis L. (sage) is a medicinal plant used as an ingredient in foods and beverages and displays a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities including anti-diabetic effects. However, no study has assessed its anti-glycative potential. The aim of this study is to determine the phenolic compounds associated with the anti-glycation and antioxidant potential of sage methanol extract (SME). SME shows similar effects to aminoguanidine on fluorescent AGEs inhibition. It protects albumin damage from glycation (52.9 vs. 50.3%, respectively) by preventing the loss of protein thiol groups (50.0 vs. 44.3%, respectively) and by reducing protein carbonyl accumulation (67.4 vs. 70.5%, respectively). Moreover, linear regression and multivariate analysis support the efficient contribution of SME antioxidant capacity, as judged by DPPH, TBARS and iron chelating tests, in AGEs suppression. Furthermore, HPLC analysis revealed the presence of verbascoside as a novel phenolic constituent identified in sage leaves and suggests that the protective activity is mostly assigned to the presence of rosmarinic acid, resveratrol, quercetin, rutin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside. Likewise, the screening of SME phenolic content supports the contribution of various antioxidant substances to the observed effects. Therefore, a polyphenol enriched sage extract was able to inhibit the formation of AGEs and protein glycation. Our data unveils the promising properties of sage and its bioactive principles in the management of AGEs-mediated vascular complications observed in diabetes and other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Raâfet Ben Khedher
- Research Laboratory LR12ES05 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health' Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | - Jawhar Hafsa
- Laboratory of Natural Resources Valorization, Department of AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University Benguerir, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Haddad
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- Research Laboratory LR12ES05 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health' Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
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Su CH, Pham TTT, Cheng HH. Aqueous enzymatic extraction of rosmarinic acid from Salvia officinalis: optimisation using response surface methodology. Phytochem Anal 2020; 31:575-582. [PMID: 31997419 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rosmarinic acid is a bioactive compound with various pharmaceutical effects and applications. OBJECTIVE This work developed a new approach for aqueous enzymatic extraction of rosmarinic acid from the leaves of Salvia officinalis. METHODS Different enzymes (proteases and cellulase) were evaluated for their extraction activity. Response surface methodology (RSM) was subsequently employed to optimise the extraction conditions. Thin layer chromatography was also used to identify rosmarinic acid in the extract of S. officinalis. RESULTS Among the tested enzymes, a Cellulase A and Protamex mixture (1:1, w/w) exhibited maximum effectiveness in the extraction. Through the use of RSM, the maximum rosmarinic acid content of 28.23 ± 0.41 mg/g was obtained with enzyme loading of 4.49%, water-to-sample ratio of 25.76 mL/g, temperature of 54.3°C, and extraction time of 2 h. CONCLUSION This study suggests that S. officinalis is a promising source of rosmarinic acid and aqueous enzymatic extraction is an efficient and ecofriendly method for extracting rosmarinic acid, with a short extraction time and without the contamination of a toxic solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Su
- Graduate School of Biochemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Thi Thanh Truc Pham
- Graduate School of Biochemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Hao Cheng
- Graduate School of Biochemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Drienovská I, Kolanović D, Chánique A, Sieber V, Hofer M, Kourist R. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a two highly stereoselective borneol dehydrogenases from Salvia officinalis L. Phytochemistry 2020; 172:112227. [PMID: 31927319 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes for selective terpene functionalization are of particular importance for industrial applications. Pure enantiomers of borneol and isoborneol are fragrant constituents of several essential oils and find frequent application in cosmetics and therapy. Racemic borneol can be easily obtained from racemic camphor, which in turn is readily available from industrial side-streams. Enantioselective biocatalysts for the selective conversion of borneol and isoborneol stereoisomers would be therefore highly desirable for their catalytic separation under mild reaction conditions. Although several borneol dehydrogenases from plants and bacteria have been reported, none show sufficient stereoselectivity. Despite Croteau et al. describing sage leaves to specifically oxidize one borneol enantiomer in the late 70s, no specific enzymes have been characterized. We expected that one or several alcohol dehydrogenases encoded in the recently elucidated genome of Salvia officinalis L. would, therefore, be stereoselective. This study thus reports the recombinant expression in E. coli and characterization of two enantiospecific enzymes from the Salvia officinalis L. genome, SoBDH1 and SoBDH2, and their comparison to other known ADHs. Both enzymes produce preferentially (+)-camphor from racemic borneol, but (-)-camphor from racemic isoborneol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Drienovská
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Dajana Kolanović
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Chánique
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria; Department of Chemical and Bioprocesses Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Volker Sieber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology Bio, Electro and Chemocatalysis BioCat, Straubing Branch, Schulgasse 11a, 94315, Straubing, Germany; Technische Universität München TUM, Campus Straubing für Biotechnologie und NachhaltigkeitSchulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Michael Hofer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology Bio, Electro and Chemocatalysis BioCat, Straubing Branch, Schulgasse 11a, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Robert Kourist
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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Motyka O, Štrbová K, Zinicovscaia I. Chlorophyll Content in Two Medicinal Plant Species Following Nano-TiO 2 Exposure. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2020; 104:373-379. [PMID: 31955229 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02787-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll content in leaves is a convenient indicator of the physiological state of the plant following exposure to a stressor. In the present study, a pot experiment was carried out using two medicinal plant species - peppermint (Mentha X piperita L.) and common sage (Salvia officinalis L.) to determine the link between the chlorophyll content in the plant leaves and the exposure of the plants to nano-TiO2 either through the leaves (in suspension) or through the root system (in soil). Following the exposure, the shoots were analysed for the contents of Ti, Al, Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Na and chlorophyll. Significant decrease in chlorophyll content was observed in all but one of the nano-TiO2 treatments, the differences in the determined element content were mostly species-dependent: Ti exposure was found to be related to the decrease in the chlorophyll and Mn content in both species as well as to the decrease in Mg content in common sage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oldřich Motyka
- Nanotechnology Centre, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
- ENET Centre, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Kristína Štrbová
- Nanotechnology Centre, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- ENET Centre, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Inga Zinicovscaia
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute of Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
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Poulios E, Giaginis C, Vasios GK. Current State of the Art on the Antioxidant Activity of Sage (Salvia spp.) and Its Bioactive Components. Planta Med 2020; 86:224-238. [PMID: 31975363 DOI: 10.1055/a-1087-8276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Common sage (Salvia spp., with the most common species Salvia officinalis) is an important medicinal and aromatic plant due to its bioactive components, secondary products of its metabolism. These components are mainly phenolics, terpenoids, polyphenols, and flavonoids. Many studies have identified their important role in fighting oxidative stress in cells and organisms, together with their anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory role. There are many methods measuring the antioxidant activity of sage phenolic components, usually based on radical scavenging of free radical species, such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and determining the absorbance of the reduced product by a photometric assay. In addition, there are several in vitro and in vivo studies determining the protection of sage extracts in cells in culture or animals, respectively, after induction of oxidative stress. In this review, results from the currently available studies that unravel the significant role of sage bioactive compounds, as antioxidant compounds, and the variety of methods used have been critically analyzed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymios Poulios
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Georgios K Vasios
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Lemnos, Greece
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate the effects of Salvia officinalis on the severity of the premenstrual syndrome (PMS). METHODS This was a triple-blinded randomized clinical trial on 90 college students in Tehran, Iran. The participants were randomly divided into 2 groups who were treated with 500-mg Salvia officinalis capsules or placebo once a day for 2 consecutive months. Data were collected using a questionnaire and a daily form for recording symptoms of PMS. RESULTS The mean decreases in severity of the symptoms in the Salvia officinalis extract-treated group during the first and second months after treatment were 19.84% and 23.42%, respectively. The comparison of the PMS physical and psychological symptoms demonstrated a decrease following treatment in both groups, with more remarkable reduction in the Salvia officinalis group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Salvia officinalis is an effective alternative agent to reduce the severity of psychological and physical symptoms of PMS.
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Thamm I, Tiefenbacher K, Rychlik M. Quantification of α-Thujone and Its Metabolites in Human Urine after Consumption of a Sage Infusion Using Stable Isotope Dilution Assays. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10120511. [PMID: 30513900 PMCID: PMC6315428 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10120511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of the monoterpene α-thujone was investigated in humans after consumption of sage tea, by analyses of its metabolites 2-hydroxythujone, 4-hydroxythujone, and 7-hydroxythujone in urine. For the quantitation of α-thujone and its metabolites, stable isotope dilution assays were developed. Using d6-α-thujone as internal standard, we quantified α-thujone by solid phase microextraction GC-MS and the hydroxythujones with d6-2-hydroxythujone, d6-4-hydroxythujone, and d6-7-hydroxythujone after glucuronide/sulfate deconjugation by LC-MS/MS in urine. After the consumption of 575.0 µg α-thujone, the 4-hydroxythujone and 7-hydroxythujone were detectable in the urine of the volunteers under study, after liberation from their glucuronides/sulfates. The 2-Hydroxythujone was not present in any of the volunteer samples above its detection limit. α-Thujone was detectable in a low amount, with a maximum concentration of 94 ng/L for the volunteer with the highest dose of 14.3 µg/kg bw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Thamm
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel BPR 1096, Postfach 3350 Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, the University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
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Celano R, Piccinelli AL, Pagano I, Roscigno G, Campone L, De Falco E, Russo M, Rastrelli L. Oil distillation wastewaters from aromatic herbs as new natural source of antioxidant compounds. Food Res Int 2017; 99:298-307. [PMID: 28784486 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Distillation wastewaters (DWWs) are generated during the essential oil steam distillation from aromatic herbs. Despite of growing interest on novel source of natural antioxidant compounds as food additives, studies on DWWs are scarse. Herein, the potential of DWWs produced by the distillation of packaged fresh basil, rosemary and sage wastes was evaluated by chemical and antioxidant characterization. HPLC-DAD-HRMS profiling revealed that DWWs contain water-soluble phenolic compounds, mainly caffeic acid derivatives and flavonoid glycosides, with rosmarinic acid (RA) as predominant components (29-135mg/100mL). DWWs demonstrated high levels of total phenolic compounds (TPC, 152-443mg GAE/100mL) and strong antioxidant capacities, in ORAC, DPPH and ABTS assays (1101-4720, 635-4244 and 571-3145μmol TE/100mL, respectively). Highly significant correlations of TEAC values with TPC and RA contents revealed that phenolic compounds and high RA content were responsible of DWWs antioxidant properties.Thus, DWWs are proposed as a new promising source of natural food additives and/or functional ingredients for cosmetic, nutraceutical and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Celano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Piccinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Imma Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, (SA), Italy
| | - Graziana Roscigno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Luca Campone
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, loc. Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Enrica De Falco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Russo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, loc. Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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Weed S. Sage Femme. Midwifery Today Int Midwife 2017:14-15. [PMID: 29912527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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da Silva SB, Amorim M, Fonte P, Madureira R, Ferreira D, Pintado M, Sarmento B. Natural extracts into chitosan nanocarriers for rosmarinic acid drug delivery. Pharm Biol 2015; 53:642-52. [PMID: 25489634 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.935949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nanotechnology can be applied to deliver and protect antioxidants in order to control the oxidative stress phenomena in several chronic pathologies. Chitosan (CS) nanoparticles are biodegradable carriers that may protect antioxidants with potent biological activity such as rosmarinic acid (RA) in Salvia officinalis (sage) and Satureja montana (savory) extracts for safe and innovative therapies. OBJECTIVE Development and characterization of CS nanoparticles as a stable and protective vehicle to deliver RA for medical applications using natural extracts as sage and savory. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antioxidant-CS based nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), at pH 5.8 with a mass ratio of 7:1 (CS:TPP), with a theoretical antioxidant-CS loading of 40-50%. The nanoparticles were then characterized by different methods such as photon correlation spectroscopy, laser Doppler anemometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC), association efficiency, and antioxidant activity. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Individual and small sizing nanoparticles, around 300 nm, were obtained. SEM confirmed smooth and spherical nanoparticles after freeze-drying. No chemical interactions were found between antioxidants and CS, after encapsulation, by DSC and FTIR. The association efficiency was 51.2% for RA (with 40% loading) and 96.1 and 98.2% for sage and savory nanoparticles, respectively (both with 50% loading). Antioxidant activity values were higher than 0.0348 eq [Asc. Ac.] g/L/g extract and 0.4251 µmol/eq Trolox/g extract. CONCLUSION The extracts under study are promising vehicles for RA drug delivery in CS nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Baptista da Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Jenner F, Jaleel VA, Kulshrestha R, Maheswar G, Rao PK, Kranthi J. Evaluating the antimicrobial activity of commercially available herbal toothpastes on microorganisms associated with diabetes mellitus. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013; 14:924-929. [PMID: 24685799 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM The present study was conducted to evaluate the effcacy of commercially available herbal toothpastes against the different periodontopathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six herbal toothpastes that were commonly commercially available were included in the study. Colgate herbal, Babool, Meswak, Neem active, Dabur red toothpastes were tested for the study whereas sterile normal saline was used as control. Antimicrobial effcacies of dentifrices were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The antimicrobial properties of dentifrices were tested by measuring the maximum zone of inhibition at 24 hours on the Mueller Hinton Agar media inoculated with microbial strain using disk diffusion method. Each dentifrice was tested at 100% concentration (full strength). RESULTS The study showed that all dentifrices selected for the study were effective against the entire test organism but to varying degree. Neem active tooth paste gave a reading of 25.4 mm as the zone of inhibition which was highest amongst all of the test dentifrices. Colgate Herbal and Meswak dentifrices recorded a larger maximum zone of inhibition, measuring 23 and 22.6 mm respectively, compared to other toothpastes. All other dentifrices showed the zone of inhibition to be between 17 and 19 mm respectively. CONCLUSION The antibacterial properties of six dentifrices were studied in vitro and concluded that almost all of the dentifrices available commercially had antibacterial properties to some extent to beneft dental health or antiplaque action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feroz Jenner
- Associate Professor, Department of General Medicine, MES Medical College, Palachode, Kerala, India
| | - V Abdul Jaleel
- Associate Professor, Department of General Medicine, MES Medical College, Palachode, Kerala, India
| | - Reena Kulshrestha
- Research Scholar, Department of Microbiology, MATS University Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India, e-mail:
| | - G Maheswar
- Reader, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meghna Institute of Dental Sciences, Nizamabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - P Krishna Rao
- Professor and Head, Department of Periodontics, HSRSM Dental College and Hospital, Hingoli, Maharashtra, India
| | - J Kranthi
- Professor, Consultant, Department of Periodontist, HSRSM Dental College and Hospital, Hingoli, Maharashtra, India
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Vitková Z, Herdová P, Kodadová A, Seligová J, Grancai D, Poláková D. [Formulation of salvia-containing gels]. Ceska Slov Farm 2012; 61:169-171. [PMID: 23251959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The trend during the past years is to prefer natural drugs to synthetically prepared medicines. Due to its important antiphlogistic, antiseptic and antihidrotic effects, Salvia officinalis L. has a wide use in medicine, pharmacy and cosmetics in various dosage forms. The aim of this research was the formulation of Salvia officinalis L. in the form of a tincture to hydrogels. Gels were parallelly prepared on the basis of the natural polymer chitosan and the synthetic polymer Carbopol 940. The evaluation was focused on the influence of the anionic polymer and the cationic polymer in different concentrations on hydrogel flow properties. Glycerol functioning as a humectant was used in various percentage ratios. On the basis of the determination of rheological parameters and flow curves lapses the most suitable hydrogel from the application point of view was selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Vitková
- Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Farmaceutická fakulta, Katedra galenickej farmácie, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This trial aimed to assess the tolerability and efficacy of a fresh sage preparation in treating hot flushes and other menopausal complaints. Sage (Salvia officinalis) has been traditionally used to treat sweating and menopausal hot flushes, as well as to alleviate associated menopausal symptoms and as a general tonic. However, no clinical studies substantiating the use of sage in menopause have been published previously. METHODS In an open, multicenter clinical trial conducted in eight practices in Switzerland, 71 patients (intent-to-treat population [ITT], n=69; with a mean age of 56.4±4.7 years, menopausal for at least 12 months, and with at least five flushes daily) were recruited and treated with a once-daily tablet of fresh sage leaves for 8 weeks after an introductory baseline week. Parameters for the evaluation of efficacy were the change in intensity and frequency of hot flushes, and total score of the mean number of intensity-rated hot flushes (TSIRHF) as determined by diary protocol over the 2-month treatment period. Other variables included assessment of the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) by the treating physician at baseline and after 2 months of therapy. RESULTS In the ITT population there was a significant decrease in the TSIRHF by 50% within 4 weeks and by 64% within 8 weeks (P<0.0001). The mean total number of hot flushes per day decreased significantly each week from week 1 to 8. The mean number of mild, moderate, severe, and very severe flushes decreased by 46%, 62%, 79%, and 100% over 8 weeks, respectively. The MRS and its somato-vegetative, psychological, and urogenital subscales decreased significantly by 43%, 43%, 47%, and 20% respectively. The treatment was very well tolerated. CONCLUSION A fresh sage preparation demonstrated clinical value in the treatment of hot flushes and associated menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bommer
- A. Vogel Bioforce AG, Roggwil, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Humans consume a wide range of foods, drugs, and dietary supplements that are derived from plants and which modify the functioning of the central nervous sytem (CNS). The psychoactive properties of these substances are attributable to the presence of plant secondary metabolites, chemicals that are not required for the immediate survival of the plant but which are synthesized to increase the fitness of the plant to survive by allowing it to interact with its environment, including pathogens and herbivorous and symbiotic insects. In many cases, the effects of these phytochemicals on the human CNS might be linked either to their ecological roles in the life of the plant or to molecular and biochemical similarities in the biology of plants and higher animals. This review assesses the current evidence for the efficacy of a range of readily available plant-based extracts and chemicals that may improve brain function and which have attracted sufficient research in this regard to reach a conclusion as to their potential effectiveness as nootropics. Many of these candidate phytochemicals/extracts can be grouped by the chemical nature of their potentially active secondary metabolite constituents into alkaloids (caffeine, nicotine), terpenes (ginkgo, ginseng, valerian, Melissa officinalis, sage), and phenolic compounds (curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, Hypericum perforatum, soy isoflavones). They are discussed in terms of how an increased understanding of the relationship between their ecological roles and CNS effects might further the field of natural, phytochemical drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O Kennedy
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK.
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Piechota-Urbańska M. [The effect of dry standardized plant extracts on the process of arbutin release from topical preparations produced on Carbopol base]. Polim Med 2010; 40:65-71. [PMID: 20446531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An attempt was made to estimate the effect of plant extract components (nettle extract, sage extract) on the process of arbutin release from new prescriptions of skin-bleaching gels. Formulations containing arbutin and dry standardized plant extracts were produced for this purpose. The suggested hydrogel vehicles were prepared on the base of two polymers: Carbopol Ultrez 10 and Noveon AA-1. The preparations were subjected to physicochemical tests. Viscosity parameters were determined using cone-plate digital rheometer. Potentiometric method was used to measure pH of the produced hydrogels. The rate of arbutin release through a semipermeable membrane to the acceptor fluid was tested in vitro. The rate of the process of release was determined at defined time intervals by spectrophotometric method. The effect of plant extract components on arbutin process of diffusion was estimated. The highest pharmaceutical availability of arbutin was obtained for hydrogels on Noveon AA-1 base with dry sage extract (F2-A+Sz). The area under the curve of arbutin release from this hydrogel was 25,94 c.u. The arbutin content in the last sample collected during the test of its release was 5,6509 mg/cm2 of the area of release. There were also obtained beneficial applicative rheological parameters, such as: low structural viscosity value (31497 mPa x s at shear rate 2,01 l/s) and yield stress (22,9 N/m2) for F2-A+Sz formulation. All tested formulations demonstrated rheological stability and high pharmaceutical availability after six months of storage.
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Carrasco FR, Schmidt G, Romero AL, Sartoretto JL, Caparroz-Assef SM, Bersani-Amado CA, Cuman RKN. Immunomodulatory activity of Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Salvia officinalis L. and Syzygium aromaticum L. essential oils: evidence for humor- and cell-mediated responses. J Pharm Pharmacol 2009; 61:961-7. [PMID: 19589240 DOI: 10.1211/jpp/61.07.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The immunomodulatory effect of ginger, Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae), sage, Salvia officinalis (Lamiaceae) and clove, Syzygium aromaticum (Myrtaceae), essential oils were evaluated by studying humor- and cell-mediated immune responses. METHODS Essential oils were administered to mice (once a day, orally, for a week) previously immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBCs). KEY FINDINGS Clove essential oil increased the total white blood cell (WBC) count and enhanced the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response in mice. Moreover, it restored cellular and humoral immune responses in cyclophosphamide-immunosuppressed mice in a dose-dependent manner. Ginger essential oil recovered the humoral immune response in immunosuppressed mice. Contrary to the ginger essential oil response, sage essential oil did not show any immunomodulatory activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings establish that the immunostimulatory activity found in mice treated with clove essential oil is due to improvement in humor- and cell-mediated immune response mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Ricardo Carrasco
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Berner-Strzelczyk A, Piechota-Urbańska M. [Glicol plant extracts of anti-inflammatory activity in hydrogels produced on Carbopol base]. Polim Med 2009; 39:17-26. [PMID: 19873930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Medications originating from plants can be successfully applied in the treatment of rheumatic pain beside those from the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). An attempt was made to produce a new form of a drug applied on skim, which contains NSAID and glycol plant extract in its composition. The aim of the study was to obtain synergy in the area of analgesic and antiinflammatory activity. Formulations containing NSAID (ketoprofen) and formulations containing glycol plant extracts of confirmed anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity (extract from sage, extract form arnica) were produced on the basis of acrylic acid polymers (Carbopol Ultrez 10, Carbopol 980). Moreover, formulations were also produced containing ketoprofen and glycol plant extract in their composition. Viscosity parameters of the tested formulations (structural viscosity, yield stress, thixotrophy)were determined with cone-plate digital rheometer. Potentiometric method was used to measure pH of the produced hydrogels. The test for therapeutic agents pharmaceutical availability was performed with membrane method. Spectrophotometric method was used to estimate the quantity of the released therapeutic agent. The usefulness of acrylic acid polymers (Carbopol Ultrez 10, Carbopol 980) was assessed for the application in the prescription of dermatological hydrogels as well as their compatibility with ketoprofen and active substances contained in glycol plant extracts. Pharmaceutical availability was tested of ketoprofen and therapeutic agents contained in the investigated plant extracts. Furthermore, the effect of the components of extracts on the process of ketoprofen release to acceptor fluid through a semipermeable membrane was estimated.
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Kołodziejska J, Berner-Strzelczyk A, Piechota-Urbańska M. [Dry plant extracts in the prescription of dental hydrogels with Carbopol 971P]. Polim Med 2009; 39:27-35. [PMID: 19873931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The study assumption was to work out a prescription for dental anti-inflammatory hydrogel on Carbopol 971P base. Dry plant extracts (sage, horsetail) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (sodium ibuprofen) were introduced into the prescription of a model hydrogel. The aim of the study was to estimate pharmaceutical availability of the applied therapeutic agents and to test their effect on physicochemical properties of the produced form of a drug. The physicochemical parameters of the produced preparation were tested. Viscosity tests were performed using cone-plate digital rheometer. Extensometric method was used to test extensibility. pH measurements were performed by direct immersing the electrode connected with pH-meter into the hydrogel samples of uniform mass. Pharmaceutical availability of therapeutic agents contained in hydrogel (active components of plant extracts, sodium ibuprofen) was estimated. The rate of the process of mass exchange was tested by spectrophotometric method determining the quantity of therapeutic agents diffusing into acceptor fluid at the same time intervals. Sodium ibuprofen is better released from the hydrogel containing horsetail extract (815.5 c.u.) than from the hydrogel of parallel prescription containing sage extract (640.8 c.u.). Hydrogels containing dry extract from horsetail have greater extensibility and lower structural viscosity as well as the value of yield stress than equivalent hydrogels containing sage extract. Introduction of sodium ibuprofen into the prescription of hydrogels with plant extracts modifies rheological parameters (greater extensibility, lower viscosity of the preparation). The tests of the kinetics of therapeutic agents release demonstrated that the presence of sodium ibuprofen in the prescription of hydrogels exerts an influence on the decrease of the effectiveness of the release of active substances contained in these extracts.
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Ozan F, Polat ZA, Tepe B, Er K. Influence of storage media containing Salvia officinalis on survival of periodontal ligament cells. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008; 9:17-24. [PMID: 18784855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of Salvia officinalis (S. officinalis) extracts to serve as a storage medium for the maintenance of periodontal ligament (PDL) cell viability of avulsed teeth. METHODS AND MATERIALS PDL cells were obtained from healthy third molars and cultured in Dulbecco's Modi?ed Eagle's Medium (DMEM). Cultures were subjected to 4, 2.5, 1.5, and 0.5% S. officinalis solutions, Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and tap water. Tissue culture plates were incubated with experimental media at 37 masculineC for 1, 3, 6, 12 or 24 hours. PDL cell viability was assessed by trypan blue exclusion. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) complemented by the Tukey's test. The level of significance was 5% (p< 0.05). RESULTS The results showed 2.5% S. officinalis was a more effective storage medium than the other experimental solutions (p<0.05). Only at 1 hour and 3 hours was there found similar effect between 2.5% S. officinalis and HBSS. At 24 hours, 2.5% S. officinalis was found to be significantly better than the other solutions tested. CONCLUSION S. officinalis can be recommended as a suitable transport medium for avulsed teeth. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The findings of this study support the use of S. officinalis as another option for clinicians to use to store and transport avulsed teeth until reimplantation procedures can be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Ozan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
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Reuter J, Jocher A, Hornstein S, Mönting JS, Schempp CM. Sage extract rich in phenolic diterpenes inhibits ultraviolet-induced erythema in vivo. Planta Med 2007; 73:1190-1. [PMID: 17713873 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-981583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The leaves of sage (Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae) contain high amounts of phenolic diterpenes such as carnosol and carnosic acid. These compounds display antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. Here, we have investigated the anti-inflammatory potency of a sage extract (SE) rich in phenolic diterpenes in vivo using the ultraviolet (UV) erythema test. In a prospective randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study, test areas on the backs of 40 healthy volunteers were irradiated with the 1.5-fold minimal erythema dose. Subsequently, the test areas were treated occlusively with 2% SE in a hydrophilic ointment, compared to 1% hydrocortisone and 0.1% betamethasone as positive controls, and the vehicle alone as placebo. Erythema values were measured photometrically prior to irradiation and after 48 hours. Compared to placebo, SE significantly reduced the ultraviolet-induced erythema, to a similar extent as hydrocortisone. These data suggest that SE might be useful in the topical treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Reuter
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany
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