1
|
Czippelová B, Nováková S, Šarlinová M, Baranovičová E, Urbanová A, Turianiková Z, Krohová JČ, Halašová E, Škovierová H. Impact of breath sample collection method and length of storage of breath samples in Tedlar bags on the level of selected volatiles assessed using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). J Breath Res 2024; 18:036004. [PMID: 38701772 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad4736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled air has attracted the interest of the scientific community because it provides the possibility of monitoring physiological and metabolic processes and non-invasive diagnostics of various diseases. However, this method remains underused in clinical practice as well as in research because of the lack of standardized procedures for the collection, storage and transport of breath samples, which would guarantee good reproducibility and comparability of results. The method of sampling, as well as the storage time of the breath samples in the polymer bags used for sample storage and transport, affect the composition and concentration of VOCs present in the breath samples. The aim of our study was to compare breath samples obtained using two methods with fully disposable equipment: a Haldane sampling tube intended for direct breath collection and breath samples exhaled into a transparent Tedlar bag. The second task was to monitor the stability of selected compounds of real breath samples stored in a Tedlar bag for 6 h. Gas chromatography coupled with ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) implemented in the BreathSpec®device was used to analyse exhaled breath. Our results showed a significant difference in the signal intensity of some volatiles when taking a breath sample with a Haldane tube and a Tedlar bag. Due to its endogenous origin, acetone levels were significantly higher when the Haldane tube sampler was used while elevated levels of 2-propanol and unidentified VOC (designated as VOC 3) in the Tedlar bag samples likely originated from contamination of the Tedlar bags. The VOC stability study revealed compound-specific signal intensity changes of the selected VOCs with storage time in the Tedlar bags, with some volatiles showing increasing signal intensity during storage in Tedlar bags. This limits the use of Tedlar bags only for very limited time and carefully selected purpose. Our results highlight the importance of careful design and implementation of experiments and clinical protocols to obtain relevant and reliable results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Czippelová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Centre Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Slavomíra Nováková
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Centre Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Šarlinová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Centre Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Eva Baranovičová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Centre Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | | | - Zuzana Turianiková
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Centre Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jana Čerňanová Krohová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Centre Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Erika Halašová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Centre Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Henrieta Škovierová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Centre Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nolan M, Linacre A. Cell counting to monitor swab efficiency. J Forensic Sci 2024; 69:1002-1010. [PMID: 38380584 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Plastic bags, such as ziplock bags, have been used to transport illicit materials worldwide; however, very few studies have tried to optimize the recovery of DNA from these items. This study reports on the best combination of swabs and moistening solution for the greatest recovery of cellular material from ziplock bags. Five swabs, two different variations of Copan Diagnostics nylon 4N6FLOQSwabs, one Medical Wire rayon DRYSWAB, one IsoHelix rayon swab, and one Livingstone cotton swab, were evaluated with two moistening solutions, Triton X-100 in either distilled water or isopropanol. Fingermarks were deposited on ziplock bags and stained with Diamond™ Nucleic Acid Dye to allow visualization of the cells pre- and post-swabbing to determine the number of cells recovered. Based on cell counting data, swabs moistened with Triton X-100 in distilled water performed better than those moistened with isopropanol. Livingstone cotton swabs had the worst recovery of cellular material, while the other swabs tested had no significant difference in their respective solutions. A comparison of the best three swabs for cellular recovery yielded no differences in the DNA concentration extracted. A linear relationship was observed between the log number of cells recovered by swabbing and the DNA concentration following extraction and quantification. The process of monitoring cell collection using fluorescence microscopy on ziplock bags allowed evaluation of swabbing efficacy. Additionally, this study highlights the ability to evaluate cellular recovery independently of traditional extraction, quantification, or profiling techniques which may unequally affect samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madison Nolan
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Adrian Linacre
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ditzler B, Evans JB, Illing K, Kaeberlein M, Promislow DE, Brindle E, Hoffman JM, Creevy KE. Clippers are superior to scissors in the collection of hair for chemical analysis in companion dogs: a Dog Aging Project preliminary study. Am J Vet Res 2024; 85:ajvr.23.12.0293. [PMID: 38479103 PMCID: PMC11065556 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.23.12.0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the safest, most efficient method for hair sample collection from companion dogs among clippers, scissors, and razors and to validate obtained samples with cortisol concentration analysis. ANIMALS 25 healthy, privately owned dogs. METHODS 2 hair samples were collected from each dog's ischiatic region with different implements (scissors, razors, or clippers). The collecting clinician completed a Hair Collection Questionnaire (HCQ) for each sample that compared subjective sample quality, time of collection, restraint needed, and patient experience. Each sample was evaluated by cortisol enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS Clippers had higher overall HCQ scores than scissors, and scissors had higher HCQ scores than razors. Collection was faster for clippers than scissors, and scissors were faster than razors. There were no differences in sample quality between scissors and clippers, and sample quality was lower with razors. There was no difference in restraint needed or patient experience. Collection of long hair had higher HCQ scores than collection of medium and short hair. Collection of hair from dogs with an undercoat had higher HCQ scores than collection of hair from dogs without an undercoat. Dog size had no effect on HCQ score. Hair cortisol concentration did not vary between scissors or clippers (P = .111). Hair color and age did not affect hair cortisol concentration (P = .966 and P = .676, respectively). CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clippers are recommended for hair sample collection from companion dogs. Scissors are an adequate alternative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bobbie Ditzler
- Texas A&M University School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College Station, Texas
| | - Jeremy B. Evans
- Texas A&M University School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College Station, Texas
| | - Kate Illing
- Texas A&M University School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College Station, Texas
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel E.L. Promislow
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, Washington
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Biology, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eleanor Brindle
- University of Washington, Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jessica M. Hoffman
- Augusta University, College of Science and Mathematics, Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Kate E. Creevy
- Texas A&M University School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College Station, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nakanishi H, Takada A, Yoneyama K, Hara M, Sakai K, Saito K. Estimating bloodstain age in the short term based on DNA fragment length using nanopore sequencer. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 358:112010. [PMID: 38581825 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
We used a nanopore sequencer to quantify DNA fragments > 10,000 bp in size and then evaluated their relationship with short-term bloodstain age. Moreover, DNA degradation was investigated after bloodstains were wetted once with water. Bloodstain samples on cotton gauze were stored at room temperature and low humidity for up to 6 months. Bloodstains stored for 1 day were wetted with nuclease-free water, allowed to dry, and stored at room temperature and low humidity for up to 1 week. The proportion of fragments > 20,000 bp in dry bloodstains tended to decrease over time, particularly for fragments > 50,000 bp in size. This trend was modeled using a power approximation curve, with the highest R2 value (0.6475) noted for fragments > 50,000 bp in size; lower values were recorded for shorter fragments. The proportion of longer fragments was significantly reduced in bloodstains that were dried after being wetted once, and there was significant difference in fragments > 50,000 bp between dry conditions and once-wetted. This result suggests that even temporary exposure to water causes significant DNA fragmentation, but not extensive degradation. Thus, bloodstains that appear fresh but have a low proportion of long DNA fragments may have been wetted previously. Our results indicate that evaluating the proportion of long DNA fragments yields information on both bloodstain age and the environment in which they were stored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Nakanishi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Forensic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0495, Japan.
| | - Aya Takada
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Forensic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0495, Japan; Tokyo Medical Examiner's Office, Tokyo Metropolitan Government, 4-21-18, Otsuka, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan
| | - Katsumi Yoneyama
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hara
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sakai
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Tokyo Medical Examiner's Office, Tokyo Metropolitan Government, 4-21-18, Otsuka, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Saito
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Forensic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0495, Japan; Tokyo Medical Examiner's Office, Tokyo Metropolitan Government, 4-21-18, Otsuka, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Waggoner JJ, Tyburski EA, Lam WA. SARS-CoV-2 Results in Self-collected Nasal Swabs vs Swabs Collected by Health Care Workers in Children and Adolescents-Reply. JAMA 2023; 329:425-426. [PMID: 36749337 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.21599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wilbur A Lam
- Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hong KH, Sung H. SARS-CoV-2 Results in Self-collected Nasal Swabs vs Swabs Collected by Health Care Workers in Children and Adolescents. JAMA 2023; 329:424-425. [PMID: 36749340 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.21596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Ho Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heungsup Sung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang F, Song K, Jiang Y, Hirose K, Umezu S. 3D-printed swab with cover for precision diagnosis. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2022; 33:8. [PMID: 34982267 PMCID: PMC8724228 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The collection capacity of common nasopharyngeal swabs and irregularities of medical personnel limit the accuracy of PCR testing. This study describes a newly designed 3D-printed swab that is combined with a 3D-printed cover to prevent the extraction of undesired nasal secretions. This swab improved the accuracy of PCR test results. The results of a series of experiments showed that, because of the mucus extraction effect, 3D-printed swabs can replace ordinary cotton swabs. The crisis of the worldwide medical supply shortage can be ameliorated to a certain extent by applying 3D printing technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Huang
- Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kewei Song
- Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayo Hirose
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Umezu
- Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Saini V, Kalra P, Sharma M, Rai C, Saini V, Gautam K, Bhattacharya S, Mani S, Saini K, Kumar S. A Cold Chain-Independent Specimen Collection and Transport Medium Improves Diagnostic Sensitivity and Minimizes Biosafety Challenges of COVID-19 Molecular Diagnosis. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0110821. [PMID: 34878310 PMCID: PMC8653843 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01108-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Equitable and timely access to COVID-19-related care has emerged as a major challenge, especially in developing and low-income countries. In India, ∼65% of the population lives in villages where infrastructural constraints limit the access to molecular diagnostics of COVID-19 infection. Especially, the requirement of a cold chain transport for sustained sample integrity and associated biosafety challenges pose major bottlenecks to the equitable access. Here, we developed an innovative clinical specimen collection medium, named SupraSens microbial transport medium (SSTM). SSTM allowed a cold chain-independent transport at a wide temperature range (15°C to 40°C) and directly inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (<15 min). Evaluation of SSTM compared to commercial viral transport medium (VTM) in field studies (n = 181 patients) highlighted that, for the samples from same patients, SSTM could capture more symptomatic (∼26.67%, 4/15) and asymptomatic (52.63%, 10/19) COVID-19 patients. Compared to VTM, SSTM yielded significantly lower quantitative PCR (qPCR) threshold cycle (Ct) values (mean ΔCt > -3.50), thereby improving diagnostic sensitivity of SSTM (18.79% [34/181]) versus that of VTM (11.05% [20/181]). Overall, SSTM had detection of COVID-19 patients 70% higher than that of VTM. Since the logistical and infrastructural constraints are not unique to India, our study highlights the invaluable global utility of SSTM as a key to accurately identify those infected and control COVID-19 transmission. Taken together, our data provide a strong justification to the adoption of SSTM for sample collection and transport during the pandemic. IMPORTANCE Approximately forty-four percent of the global population lives in villages, including 59% in Africa (https://unhabitat.org/World%20Cities%20Report%202020). The fast-evolving nature of SARS-CoV-2 and its extremely contagious nature warrant early and accurate COVID-19 diagnostics across rural and urban population as a key to prevent viral transmission. Unfortunately, lack of adequate infrastructure, including the availability of biosafety-compliant facilities and an end-to-end cold chain availability for COVID-19 molecular diagnosis, limits the accessibility of testing in these countries. Here, we fulfill this urgent unmet need by developing a sample collection and transport medium, SSTM, that does not require cold chain, neutralizes the virus quickly, and maintains the sample integrity at broad temperature range without compromising sensitivity. Further, we observed that use of SSTM in field studies during pandemic improved the diagnostic sensitivity, thereby establishing the feasibility of molecular testing even in the infrastructural constraints of remote, hilly, or rural communities in India and elsewhere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Saini
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Translational Research, Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Biosafety Laboratory-3, Centralized Core Research Facility (CCRF), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Priya Kalra
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Translational Research, Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Sharma
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defense, Delhi, India
| | - Chhavi Rai
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defense, Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Saini
- University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamini Gautam
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Translational Research, Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sankar Bhattacharya
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shailendra Mani
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Kanchan Saini
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Translational Research, Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Translational Research, Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mananggit MR, Manalo DL, Saito N, Kimitsuki K, Garcia AMG, Lacanilao PMT, Ongtangco JT, Velasco CR, del Rosario MVA, Lagayan MGO, Yamada K, Park CH, Inoue S, Suzuki M, Saito-Obata M, Kamiya Y, Demetria CS, Quiambao BP, Nishizono A. Lateral flow devices for samples collected by straw sampling method for postmortem canine rabies diagnosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009891. [PMID: 34882672 PMCID: PMC8659307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct fluorescent antibody test (dFAT) using brain sample after opening the skull is the standard rabies diagnostic test in animal rabies. However, it is not feasible in many resource-limited settings. Lateral flow devices (LFD) combined with a simple sampling methodology is quicker, simpler, and less hazardous than the standard test and can be a useful tool. We conducted a prospective on-site study to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the LFD with the straw sampling method compared with that of the dFAT with the skull opening procedure for post-mortem canine rabies diagnosis. We collected 97 rabies-suspected animals between December 1, 2020 and March 31, 2021. Among the 97 samples, 53 and 50 cases were positive tests for dFAT and LFD, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of LFD with straw sampling method were 94.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84.3-98.8%) and 100% (95% CI, 92.0-100%), respectively. The performance of LFD by the straw sampling method showed relatively high sensitivity and 100% specificity compared with that of dFAT performed on samples collected after opening the skull. This methodology can be beneficial and is a strong tool to overcome limited animal surveillance in remote areas. However, because of our limited sample size, more data using fresh samples on-site and the optimizations are urgently needed for the further implementation in endemic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milagros R. Mananggit
- Regional Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Agriculture Field Office III, San Fernando, Pampanga, Philippines
| | - Daria L. Manalo
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Nobuo Saito
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kimitsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Alyssa Marie G. Garcia
- Regional Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Agriculture Field Office III, San Fernando, Pampanga, Philippines
| | - Patricia Mae T. Lacanilao
- Regional Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Agriculture Field Office III, San Fernando, Pampanga, Philippines
| | - Joely T. Ongtangco
- Regional Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Agriculture Field Office III, San Fernando, Pampanga, Philippines
| | - Cornhlo R. Velasco
- Regional Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Agriculture Field Office III, San Fernando, Pampanga, Philippines
| | - Maria Victoria A. del Rosario
- Regional Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Agriculture Field Office III, San Fernando, Pampanga, Philippines
| | | | - Kentaro Yamada
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Chun-Ho Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
- National Institute of Infectious Disease, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Motoi Suzuki
- National Institute of Infectious Disease, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiko Kamiya
- School of Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | | | - Akira Nishizono
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ni HT, Prabhu GRD, Elpa DP, Chiu HY, Urban PL. Flat Disc-Shaped Sampling Probe and Online Re-extraction Apparatus for Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Skin Metabolites: A Proof of Concept. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2021; 32:2803-2811. [PMID: 34739241 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sweat analysis provides an alternative and noninvasive way of clinical diagnostics. However, sampling and transferring sweat-derived samples to analytical instruments is challenging. In this report, we demonstrate a method utilizing a flat disc-shaped sampling probe, and a compatible re-extraction apparatus coupled online with extractive electrospray ionization (EESI) mass spectrometry (MS). The probe enables sampling of metabolites from a skin area of ∼2.2 cm2. The subsequent online re-extraction and analysis by EESI-MS further mitigates matrix effects caused by sweat components, thus eliminating sample preparation steps. The total analysis time is only 6 min. We have optimized the key parameters of the system, including flow rate of the nebulizing gas in ESI, pressure of the nebulizing gas in pneumatic sample nebulizer, flow rate of the solvent in ESI, and composition of extractant. The standard solutions (0.1 mL) were supplemented with 0.04 M sodium chloride to mimic the matrix effect normally observed in sweat samples. The method has been characterized with four chemical standards (positive-ion mode of histidine, leucine, urocanic acid; negative-ion mode of lactic acid). The limits of detection range from 1.09 to 95.9 nmol. We have further demonstrated the suitability of the method for analysis of sweat. An attempt was made to identify some of the recorded signals by product-ion scan and accurate/exact mass matching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Ting Ni
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Gurpur Rakesh D Prabhu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Decibel P Elpa
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yi Chiu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, 25 Jingguo Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, 25 Jingguo Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung Shan S. Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road., Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wise NM, Wagner SJ, Worst TJ, Sprague JE, Oechsle CM. Comparison of swab types for collection and analysis of microorganisms. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1244. [PMID: 34964289 PMCID: PMC8591448 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome has begun to emerge as a potential forensic tool, with varied applications ranging from unique identification to investigative leads that link individuals and/or locations. The relative abundance of the combined DNA of the microbiome, compared to human nuclear DNA, may expand potential sources of biological evidence, especially in cases with transfer or low-copy number DNA samples. This work sought to determine the optimal swab type for the collection and analysis of microorganisms. A bacterium (Proteus mirabilis) was deposited by pipette onto four swab types (cotton, flocked, dental applicators, and dissolvable), and extraction and real-time PCR quantitation of the bacterial DNA were performed, which allowed for absolute microbial DNA recovery and comparison of yields across the four sampling substrates. Flocked swabs had the highest yield (~1240 ng) compared to the cotton swabs (~184 ng), dental applicators (~533 ng), and dissolvable swabs (~430 ng). The collection efficiency was further evaluated for cotton and flocked swabs using dried microbial samples spotted onto non-porous surfaces (treated wood, glass, plastic, and tile). Flocked swabs performed consistently better across wood, glass, and tile, but showed decreased recovery from plastic. The cotton swabs failed in the recovery of P. mirabilis DNA across all surfaces. Knowing the appropriate sampling substrate will be useful as others continue to investigate the use of the microbiome as a forensics tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M. Wise
- Ohio Attorney General’s Center for The Future of Forensic ScienceBowling Green State UniversityBowling GreenOhioUSA
| | - Sarah J. Wagner
- Ohio Attorney General’s Center for The Future of Forensic ScienceBowling Green State UniversityBowling GreenOhioUSA
| | - Travis J. Worst
- Ohio Attorney General’s Center for The Future of Forensic ScienceBowling Green State UniversityBowling GreenOhioUSA
| | - Jon E. Sprague
- Ohio Attorney General’s Center for The Future of Forensic ScienceBowling Green State UniversityBowling GreenOhioUSA
| | - Crystal M. Oechsle
- Ohio Attorney General’s Center for The Future of Forensic ScienceBowling Green State UniversityBowling GreenOhioUSA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Poulsen CS, Kaas RS, Aarestrup FM, Pamp SJ. Standard Sample Storage Conditions Have an Impact on Inferred Microbiome Composition and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0138721. [PMID: 34612701 DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.24.445395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Storage of biological specimens is crucial in the life and medical sciences. Storage conditions for samples can be different for a number of reasons, and it is unclear what effect this can have on the inferred microbiome composition in metagenomics analyses. Here, we assess the effect of common storage temperatures (deep freezer, -80°C; freezer, -20°C; refrigerator, 5°C; room temperature, 22°C) and storage times (immediate sample processing, 0 h; next day, 16 h; over weekend, 64 h; longer term, 4, 8, and 12 months) as well as repeated sample freezing and thawing (2 to 4 freeze-thaw cycles). We examined two different pig feces and sewage samples, unspiked and spiked with a mock community, in triplicate, respectively, amounting to a total of 438 samples (777 Gbp; 5.1 billion reads). Storage conditions had a significant and systematic effect on the taxonomic and functional composition of microbiomes. Distinct microbial taxa and antimicrobial resistance classes were, in some situations, similarly affected across samples, while others were not, suggesting an impact of individual inherent sample characteristics. With an increasing number of freeze-thaw cycles, an increasing abundance of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and eukaryotic microorganisms was observed. We provide recommendations for sample storage and strongly suggest including more detailed information in the metadata together with the DNA sequencing data in public repositories to better facilitate meta-analyses and reproducibility of findings. IMPORTANCE Previous research has reported effects of DNA isolation, library preparation, and sequencing technology on metagenomics-based microbiome composition; however, the effect of biospecimen storage conditions has not been thoroughly assessed. We examined the effect of common sample storage conditions on metagenomics-based microbiome composition and found significant and, in part, systematic effects. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles could be used to improve the detection of microorganisms with more rigid cell walls, including parasites. We provide a data set that could also be used for benchmarking algorithms to identify and correct for unwanted batch effects. Overall, the findings suggest that all samples of a microbiome study should be stored in the same way. Furthermore, there is a need to mandate more detailed information about sample storage and processing be published together with DNA sequencing data at the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (ENA/EBI, NCBI, DDBJ) or other repositories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casper Sahl Poulsen
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmarkgrid.5170.3, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rolf Sommer Kaas
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmarkgrid.5170.3, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frank M Aarestrup
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmarkgrid.5170.3, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sünje Johanna Pamp
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmarkgrid.5170.3, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Poulsen CS, Kaas RS, Aarestrup FM, Pamp SJ. Standard Sample Storage Conditions Have an Impact on Inferred Microbiome Composition and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0138721. [PMID: 34612701 PMCID: PMC8510183 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01387-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Storage of biological specimens is crucial in the life and medical sciences. Storage conditions for samples can be different for a number of reasons, and it is unclear what effect this can have on the inferred microbiome composition in metagenomics analyses. Here, we assess the effect of common storage temperatures (deep freezer, -80°C; freezer, -20°C; refrigerator, 5°C; room temperature, 22°C) and storage times (immediate sample processing, 0 h; next day, 16 h; over weekend, 64 h; longer term, 4, 8, and 12 months) as well as repeated sample freezing and thawing (2 to 4 freeze-thaw cycles). We examined two different pig feces and sewage samples, unspiked and spiked with a mock community, in triplicate, respectively, amounting to a total of 438 samples (777 Gbp; 5.1 billion reads). Storage conditions had a significant and systematic effect on the taxonomic and functional composition of microbiomes. Distinct microbial taxa and antimicrobial resistance classes were, in some situations, similarly affected across samples, while others were not, suggesting an impact of individual inherent sample characteristics. With an increasing number of freeze-thaw cycles, an increasing abundance of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and eukaryotic microorganisms was observed. We provide recommendations for sample storage and strongly suggest including more detailed information in the metadata together with the DNA sequencing data in public repositories to better facilitate meta-analyses and reproducibility of findings. IMPORTANCE Previous research has reported effects of DNA isolation, library preparation, and sequencing technology on metagenomics-based microbiome composition; however, the effect of biospecimen storage conditions has not been thoroughly assessed. We examined the effect of common sample storage conditions on metagenomics-based microbiome composition and found significant and, in part, systematic effects. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles could be used to improve the detection of microorganisms with more rigid cell walls, including parasites. We provide a data set that could also be used for benchmarking algorithms to identify and correct for unwanted batch effects. Overall, the findings suggest that all samples of a microbiome study should be stored in the same way. Furthermore, there is a need to mandate more detailed information about sample storage and processing be published together with DNA sequencing data at the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (ENA/EBI, NCBI, DDBJ) or other repositories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casper Sahl Poulsen
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rolf Sommer Kaas
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frank M. Aarestrup
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sünje Johanna Pamp
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Woo J, Williams SM, Markillie LM, Feng S, Tsai CF, Aguilera-Vazquez V, Sontag RL, Moore RJ, Hu D, Mehta HS, Cantlon-Bruce J, Liu T, Adkins JN, Smith RD, Clair GC, Pasa-Tolic L, Zhu Y. High-throughput and high-efficiency sample preparation for single-cell proteomics using a nested nanowell chip. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6246. [PMID: 34716329 PMCID: PMC8556371 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Global quantification of protein abundances in single cells could provide direct information on cellular phenotypes and complement transcriptomics measurements. However, single-cell proteomics is still immature and confronts many technical challenges. Herein we describe a nested nanoPOTS (N2) chip to improve protein recovery, operation robustness, and processing throughput for isobaric-labeling-based scProteomics workflow. The N2 chip reduces reaction volume to <30 nL and increases capacity to >240 single cells on a single microchip. The tandem mass tag (TMT) pooling step is simplified by adding a microliter droplet on the nested nanowells to combine labeled single-cell samples. In the analysis of ~100 individual cells from three different cell lines, we demonstrate that the N2 chip-based scProteomics platform can robustly quantify ~1500 proteins and reveal membrane protein markers. Our analyses also reveal low protein abundance variations, suggesting the single-cell proteome profiles are highly stable for the cells cultured under identical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Woo
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Sarah M Williams
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Lye Meng Markillie
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Song Feng
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Chia-Feng Tsai
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Victor Aguilera-Vazquez
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Ryan L Sontag
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Dehong Hu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Hardeep S Mehta
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Joshua Cantlon-Bruce
- Scienion AG, Volmerstraße 7, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Cellenion SASU, 60 Avenue Rockefeller, Bâtiment BioSerra2, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Tao Liu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Joshua N Adkins
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Geremy C Clair
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Ljiljana Pasa-Tolic
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Ying Zhu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pahlow S, Hentschel S, Horbert P, Romero C, Lehniger L, Wagner S, Popp J, Weber K. Isolation of pathogenic bacteria from sputum samples using a 3D-printed cartridge system. Anal Methods 2021; 13:4884-4895. [PMID: 34590629 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00924a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Within this contribution we introduce a 3D-printed cartridge system enabling the convenient and cost-efficient sample preparation from sputum for subsequent PCR based detection schemes. The developed fluidic system operates on pneumatic actuations. The closed system ensures a very low probability for contamination during sample processing, which is crucial when using a highly sensitive detection method such as PCR. The enrichment of the bacterial cells is achieved using different types of amine-functionalized particles. Our particle-based sample preparation approach yields intact and viable bacterial cells. Accordingly, not only PCR-based detection schemes can be employed, but also spectroscopic methods and biochemical tests, which require cultivation steps, are possible. The cartridge design in principle is compatible with magnetic and non-magnetic particle types. We investigated both variants and found that the performance of expanded glass beads is superior over the magnetic particles within the cartridge. Owing to the rather large size of the expanded glass beads, the dimensions of the channels can be enlarged, leading to lower hydrodynamic resistances, which is beneficial when processing viscous samples such as sputum. We verified the performance of our system using both artificial and real sputum samples containing Escherichia coli and Moraxella catarrhalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Pahlow
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center for Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology - Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies", Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hentschel
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center for Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology - Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies", Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Horbert
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology - Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies", Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Cynthia Romero
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology - Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies", Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Lydia Lehniger
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center for Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology - Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies", Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sascha Wagner
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology - Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies", Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center for Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology - Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies", Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Karina Weber
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center for Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology - Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies", Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
PURPOSE Preanalytical errors comprise the majority of testing errors experienced by clinical laboratories and significantly impact the accuracy of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). METHODS Specific preanalytical factors in sample timing, collection, transport, processing, and storage that lead to errors in TDM were reviewed. We performed a literature search using several scientific databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and ResearchGate for human studies published in the English language from January 1980 to February 2021, reporting on TDM and the preanalytical phase. RESULTS Blood collection errors (ie, wrong anticoagulant/clot activator used, via an intravenous line, incorrect time after dosing) delay testing, cause inaccurate results, and adversely impact patient care. Blood collected in lithium heparin tubes instead of heparin sodium tubes produce supertoxic lithium concentrations, which can compromise care. Specimens collected in serum separator gel tubes cause falsely decreased concentrations due to passive absorption into the gel when samples are not processed and analyzed quickly. Dried blood spots are popular for TDM as they are minimally invasive, allowing for self-sampling and direct shipping to a clinical laboratory using regular mail. However, blood collection techniques, such as trauma to the collection site, filter paper fragility, and hematocrit (Hct) bias, can adversely affect the accuracy of the results. Volumetric absorptive microsampling is a potential alternative to dried blood spot that offers fast, volume-fixed sampling, low pain tolerance, and is not susceptible to Hct concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The identification of preanalytical factors that may negatively impact TDM is critical. Developing workflows that can standardize TDM practices, align appropriate timing and blood collection techniques, and specimen processing will eliminate errors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Octavia M Peck Palmer
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Amitava Dasgupta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gamble A, Fischer RJ, Morris DH, Yinda CK, Munster VJ, Lloyd-Smith JO. Heat-Treated Virus Inactivation Rate Depends Strongly on Treatment Procedure: Illustration with SARS-CoV-2. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0031421. [PMID: 34288702 PMCID: PMC8432576 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00314-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Decontamination helps limit environmental transmission of infectious agents. It is required for the safe reuse of contaminated medical, laboratory, and personal protective equipment, and for the safe handling of biological samples. Heat treatment is a common decontamination method, notably used for viruses. We show that for liquid specimens (here, solution of SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture medium), the virus inactivation rate under heat treatment at 70°C can vary by almost two orders of magnitude depending on the treatment procedure, from a half-life of 0.86 min (95% credible interval [CI] 0.09, 1.77) in closed vials in a heat block to 37.04 min (95% CI 12.64, 869.82) in uncovered plates in a dry oven. These findings suggest a critical role of evaporation in virus inactivation via dry heat. Placing samples in open or uncovered containers may dramatically reduce the speed and efficacy of heat treatment for virus inactivation. Given these findings, we reviewed the literature on temperature-dependent coronavirus stability and found that specimen container types, along with whether they are closed, covered, or uncovered, are rarely reported in the scientific literature. Heat-treatment procedures must be fully specified when reporting experimental studies to facilitate result interpretation and reproducibility, and must be carefully considered when developing decontamination guidelines. IMPORTANCE Heat is a powerful weapon against most infectious agents. It is widely used for decontamination of medical, laboratory, and personal protective equipment, and for biological samples. There are many methods of heat treatment, and methodological details can affect speed and efficacy of decontamination. We applied four different heat-treatment procedures to liquid specimens containing SARS-CoV-2. Our results show that the container used to store specimens during decontamination can substantially affect inactivation rate; for a given initial level of contamination, decontamination time can vary from a few minutes in closed vials to several hours in uncovered plates. Reviewing the literature, we found that container choices and heat treatment methods are only rarely reported explicitly in methods sections. Our study shows that careful consideration of heat-treatment procedure-in particular the choice of specimen container and whether it is covered-can make results more consistent across studies, improve decontamination practice, and provide insight into the mechanisms of virus inactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Gamble
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert J. Fischer
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Dylan H. Morris
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Claude Kwe Yinda
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Vincent J. Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - James O. Lloyd-Smith
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Aubry M, Teiti I, Teissier A, Richard V, Mariteragi-Helle T, Chung K, Deen F, Paoaafaite T, Cao-Lormeau VM. Self-collection and pooling of samples as resources-saving strategies for RT-PCR-based SARS-CoV-2 surveillance, the example of travelers in French Polynesia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256877. [PMID: 34473769 PMCID: PMC8412272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In French Polynesia, the first case of SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected on March 10th, 2020, in a resident returning from France. Between March 28th and July 14th, international air traffic was interrupted and local transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was brought under control, with only 62 cases recorded. The main challenge for reopening the air border without requiring travelers to quarantine on arrival was to limit the risk of re-introducing SARS-CoV-2. Specific measures were implemented, including the obligation for all travelers to have a negative RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 carried out within 3 days before departure, and to perform another RT-PCR testing 4 days after arrival. Because of limitation in available medical staff, travelers were provided a kit allowing self-collection of oral and nasal swabs. In addition to increase our testing capacity, self-collected samples from up to 10 travelers were pooled before RNA extraction and RT-PCR testing. When a pool tested positive, RNA extraction and RT-PCR were performed on each individual sample. We report here the results of COVID-19 surveillance (COV-CHECK PORINETIA) conducted between July 15th, 2020, and February 15th, 2021, in travelers using self-collection and pooling approaches. We tested 5,982 pools comprising 59,490 individual samples, and detected 273 (0.46%) travelers positive for SARS-CoV-2. A mean difference of 1.17 Ct (CI 95% 0.93–1.41) was found between positive individual samples and pools (N = 50), probably related to the volume of samples used for RNA extraction (200 μL versus 50 μL, respectively). Retrospective testing of positive samples self-collected from October 20th, 2020, using variants-specific amplification kit and spike gene sequencing, found at least 6 residents infected by the Alpha variant. Self-collection and pooling approaches allowed large-scale screening for SARS-CoV-2 using less human, material and financial resources. Moreover, this strategy allowed detecting the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in French Polynesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maite Aubry
- Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
- * E-mail:
| | - Iotefa Teiti
- Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Anita Teissier
- Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Vaea Richard
- Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | | | | | - Farah Deen
- Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
D’Andrea EL, Cossu AM, Scrima M, Messina V, Iuliano P, Di Perna F, Pizza M, Pizza F, Coppola N, Rinaldi L, Bellizzi AM, Pelosi C, Cocca C, Frieri A, Lo Calzo F, Capasso G, Castriciano S, Maggi P, Fucci A, Caraglia M. Efficacy of Unsupervised Self-Collected Mid-Turbinate FLOQSwabs for the Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Viruses 2021; 13:v13081663. [PMID: 34452527 PMCID: PMC8402664 DOI: 10.3390/v13081663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The Global Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has resulted in explosive patterns of transmission in most countries. Nasopharyngeal swabs were the specimen's collection tools recommended for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and for monitoring infection outbreaks in communities. Our objective was to report the quality and efficacy of unsupervised self-collected mid turbinate "dry FLOQSwabs" (MT FLOQSwabs) (56380CS01, Copan). There were 111 specimens collected for the study: 36 by health care personnel, from themselves, to verify the quality and efficacy of mid-turbinate swabs; 75 to compare and assess the diagnostic performance, among health care personnel, of nasopharyngeal swabs and self-collected mid-turbinate FLOQSwabs. A collection of 51 specimens was enrolled to define the efficacy of the Testami program (validation). Our analyses demonstrate that self-collected mid-turbinate dry swabs ensure an accuracy of 97.3%, as compared to the standard nasopharyngeal swabs collected by health care workers. Furthermore, the mid-turbinate FLOQSwabs can be stored without medium for six days at room temperature without affecting the molecular diagnosis of the SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. Self-collection of diagnostic specimens at home could offer an avenue to increase testing availability for SARS-CoV-2 infection without asking people to travel to a clinic or a laboratory, thus reducing people's exposure to infection. Our findings demonstrate that unsupervised self-collection swabs, transported dry, are sensitive, practical and easy-to-use tools and should be considered for diagnosis of SARS-COV-2 and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Egildo Luca D’Andrea
- COVID Laboratory, Biogem Scarl, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (E.L.D.); (A.M.C.); (M.S.)
- Protein Factory, Biogem Scarl, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Alessia Maria Cossu
- COVID Laboratory, Biogem Scarl, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (E.L.D.); (A.M.C.); (M.S.)
- Molecular Oncology and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Biogem Scarl, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Scrima
- COVID Laboratory, Biogem Scarl, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (E.L.D.); (A.M.C.); (M.S.)
- Molecular Oncology and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Biogem Scarl, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Messina
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Division, AORN “Sant’Anna and San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (V.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Pasquale Iuliano
- Respiratory Diseases Division, AORN “Sant’Anna and San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (P.I.); (F.D.P.)
| | - Felice Di Perna
- Respiratory Diseases Division, AORN “Sant’Anna and San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (P.I.); (F.D.P.)
| | - Marco Pizza
- Testami SRL, 80122 Naples, Italy; (M.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Fabio Pizza
- Testami SRL, 80122 Naples, Italy; (M.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Nicola Coppola
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Bellizzi
- “S.Ottone Frangipane” Hospital, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (A.M.B.); (C.P.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (F.L.C.)
| | - Chiara Pelosi
- “S.Ottone Frangipane” Hospital, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (A.M.B.); (C.P.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (F.L.C.)
| | - Carmen Cocca
- “S.Ottone Frangipane” Hospital, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (A.M.B.); (C.P.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (F.L.C.)
| | - Angelo Frieri
- “S.Ottone Frangipane” Hospital, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (A.M.B.); (C.P.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (F.L.C.)
| | - Fabio Lo Calzo
- “S.Ottone Frangipane” Hospital, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (A.M.B.); (C.P.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (F.L.C.)
| | | | - Santina Castriciano
- Global Scientific Affairs Director at COPAN ITALIA spa Via F. Perotti 10, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Paolo Maggi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Division, AORN “Sant’Anna and San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (V.M.); (P.M.)
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Fucci
- COVID Laboratory, Biogem Scarl, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (E.L.D.); (A.M.C.); (M.S.)
- Protein Factory, Biogem Scarl, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Michele Caraglia
- COVID Laboratory, Biogem Scarl, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (E.L.D.); (A.M.C.); (M.S.)
- Molecular Oncology and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Biogem Scarl, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Miranda-Ortiz H, Fernández-Figueroa EA, Ruíz-García EB, Muñoz-Rivas A, Méndez-Pérez A, Méndez-Galván J, Astudillo-de la Vega H, Gabiño-López B, Nava-Monroy R, López-Flores a la Torre A, López-Vergara Anaya T, Vilar-Compte D, Coquis-Navarrete U, Valdés-Reyes M, Sánchez-Montes S, Becker I. Development of an alternative saliva test for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 using TRIzol: Adapting to countries with lower incomes looking for a large-scale detection program. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255807. [PMID: 34407100 PMCID: PMC8372963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of saliva for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 has shown to be a good alternative to nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS), since it permits self-collection, avoids the exposure of healthy persons to infected patients, reduces waiting times, eliminates the need of personal protective equipment and is non-invasive. Yet current saliva testing is still expensive due to the need of specialized tubes containing buffers to stabilize the RNA of SARS-CoV-2 and inactivate the virus. These tubes are expensive and not always accessible in sufficient quantities. We now developed an alternative saliva testing method, using TRIzol for extraction, viral inactivation, and storage of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, combined with RT-qPCR, which was comparable in its performance to NPS. Paired saliva samples and NPS were taken from 15 asymptomatic healthcare workers and one patient with SARS-CoV-2. Further 13 patients with SARS-CoV-2 were only saliva-tested. All the tests were performed according to CDC 2019-Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Real-Time RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel. Saliva (4 mL) was taken in sterile 50 mL tubes, 1.5 mL TRIzol were added and mixed. Our results show that 5 μL of saliva RNA extracted with TRIzol allow for an adequate detection of the virus in patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 and was equally sensitive to NPS in TRIzol. We conclude that saliva testing using TRIzol is a recommendable method for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 since it has several advantages over currently used saliva tests: it can be done with normal sterile tubes, does not need cold-chain handling, is stable at room temperature, is non-invasive and less costly, making it more accessible for low-income countries. Cheaper saliva testing using TRIzol is especially relevant for low-income countries to optimize diagnosis and help define quarantine durations for families, healthcare workers, schools, and other public workplaces, thus decreasing infections and mortality caused by SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Edith A. Fernández-Figueroa
- Computational and Integrative Genomics, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail: (EAFF); (IB)
| | - Erika B. Ruíz-García
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anallely Muñoz-Rivas
- Genomic Diagnostic Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Jorge Méndez-Galván
- Dirección de Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México “Federico Gómez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Horacio Astudillo-de la Vega
- Translational Research Laboratory in Cancer & Cellular Therapy, Hospital de Oncologia, Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Belem Gabiño-López
- Laboratory of Histology and Confocal Microscopy, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Nava-Monroy
- Laboratory of Histology and Confocal Microscopy, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Diana Vilar-Compte
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Uriel Coquis-Navarrete
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Melissa Valdés-Reyes
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sokani Sánchez-Montes
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias región Tuxpan, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Ingeborg Becker
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail: (EAFF); (IB)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Morehouse ZP, Samikwa L, Proctor CM, Meleke H, Kamdolozi M, Ryan GL, Chaima D, Ho A, Nash RJ, Nyirenda TS. Validation of a direct-to-PCR COVID-19 detection protocol utilizing mechanical homogenization: A model for reducing resources needed for accurate testing. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256316. [PMID: 34407126 PMCID: PMC8372900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient and effective viral detection methodologies are a critical piece in the global response to COVID-19, with PCR-based nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab testing serving as the current gold standard. With over 100 million confirmed cases globally, the supply chains supporting these PCR testing efforts are under a tremendous amount of stress, driving the need for innovative and accurate diagnostic solutions. Herein, the utility of a direct-to-PCR method of SARS-CoV-2 detection grounded in mechanical homogenization is examined for reducing resources needed for testing while maintaining a comparable sensitivity to the current gold standard workflow of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab testing. In a head-to-head comparison of 30 patient samples, this initial clinical validation study of the proposed homogenization-based workflow demonstrated significant agreeability with the current extraction-based method utilized while cutting the total resources needed in half.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P. Morehouse
- Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Omni International Inc, A PerkinElmer Company, Kennesaw, Georgia, United States of America
- Jeevan BioSciences, Tucker, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lyson Samikwa
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Caleb M. Proctor
- Omni International Inc, A PerkinElmer Company, Kennesaw, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Harry Meleke
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Mercy Kamdolozi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Gabriella L. Ryan
- Omni International Inc, A PerkinElmer Company, Kennesaw, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David Chaima
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Antonia Ho
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rodney J. Nash
- Omni International Inc, A PerkinElmer Company, Kennesaw, Georgia, United States of America
- Jeevan BioSciences, Tucker, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tonney S. Nyirenda
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pulukkody AC, Yung YP, Donnarumma F, Murray KK, Carlson RP, Hanley L. Spatially resolved analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm proteomes measured by laser ablation sample transfer. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250911. [PMID: 34292966 PMCID: PMC8297752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity in the distribution of nutrients and oxygen gradients during biofilm growth gives rise to changes in phenotype. There has been long term interest in identifying spatial differences during biofilm development including clues that identify chemical heterogeneity. Laser ablation sample transfer (LAST) allows site-specific sampling combined with label free proteomics to distinguish radially and axially resolved proteomes for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Specifically, differential protein abundances on oxic vs. anoxic regions of a biofilm were observed by combining LAST with bottom up proteomics. This study reveals a more active metabolism in the anoxic region of the biofilm with respect to the oxic region for this clinical strain of P. aeruginosa, despite this organism being considered an aerobe by nature. Protein abundance data related to cellular acclimations to chemical gradients include identification of glucose catabolizing proteins, high abundance of proteins from arginine and polyamine metabolism, and proteins that could also support virulence and environmental stress mediation in the anoxic region. Finally, the LAST methodology requires only a few mm2 of biofilm area to identify hundreds of proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aruni Chathurya Pulukkody
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yeni P. Yung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Fabrizio Donnarumma
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Kermit K. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Ross P. Carlson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Luke Hanley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ceci A, Muñoz-Ballester C, Tegge AN, Brown KL, Umans RA, Michel FM, Patel D, Tewari B, Martin J, Alcoreza O, Maynard T, Martinez-Martinez D, Bordwine P, Bissell N, Friedlander MJ, Sontheimer H, Finkielstein CV. Development and implementation of a scalable and versatile test for COVID-19 diagnostics in rural communities. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4400. [PMID: 34285229 PMCID: PMC8292415 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and widespread testing of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential for an effective public health response aimed at containing and mitigating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Successful health policy implementation relies on early identification of infected individuals and extensive contact tracing. However, rural communities, where resources for testing are sparse or simply absent, face distinctive challenges to achieving this success. Accordingly, we report the development of an academic, public land grant University laboratory-based detection assay for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 in samples from various clinical specimens that can be readily deployed in areas where access to testing is limited. The test, which is a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)-based procedure, was validated on samples provided by the state laboratory and submitted for FDA Emergency Use Authorization. Our test exhibits comparable sensitivity and exceeds specificity and inclusivity values compared to other molecular assays. Additionally, this test can be re-configured to meet supply chain shortages, modified for scale up demands, and is amenable to several clinical specimens. Test development also involved 3D engineering critical supplies and formulating a stable collection media that allowed samples to be transported for hours over a dispersed rural region without the need for a cold-chain. These two elements that were critical when shortages impacted testing and when personnel needed to reach areas that were geographically isolated from the testing center. Overall, using a robust, easy-to-adapt methodology, we show that an academic laboratory can supplement COVID-19 testing needs and help local health departments assess and manage outbreaks. This additional testing capacity is particularly germane for smaller cities and rural regions that would otherwise be unable to meet the testing demand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ceci
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - C Muñoz-Ballester
- Center for Glial Biology in Health, Disease, and Cancer, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - A N Tegge
- Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - K L Brown
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - R A Umans
- Center for Glial Biology in Health, Disease, and Cancer, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - F M Michel
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - D Patel
- Center for Glial Biology in Health, Disease, and Cancer, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - B Tewari
- Center for Glial Biology in Health, Disease, and Cancer, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - J Martin
- Center for Glial Biology in Health, Disease, and Cancer, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - O Alcoreza
- Center for Glial Biology in Health, Disease, and Cancer, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - T Maynard
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - D Martinez-Martinez
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P Bordwine
- Division of Surveillance and Investigation, Office of Epidemiology, Virginia Department of Health, Christiansburg, USA
| | - N Bissell
- New River Valley Health District, Virginia Department of Health, Christiansburg, USA
| | - M J Friedlander
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - H Sontheimer
- Center for Glial Biology in Health, Disease, and Cancer, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - C V Finkielstein
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA.
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Seliger G, Bergner M, Haase R, Stepan H, Schleußner E, Zöllkau J, Seeger S, Kraus FB, Hiller GGR, Wienke A, Tchirikov M. Daily monitoring of vaginal interleukin 6 as a predictor of intraamniotic inflammation after preterm premature rupture of membranes - a new method of sampling studied in a prospective multicenter trial. J Perinat Med 2021; 49:572-582. [PMID: 33629573 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2020-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (A) To introduce a new technique for vaginal fluid sampling (biocompatible synthetic fiber sponge) and (B) evaluate the collected vaginal fluid interleukine-6 (IL-6vag)-concentration as a new diagnostic tool for daily monitoring of intrauterine inflammation after preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Secondary objectives were to compare the potential to predict an intrauterine inflammation with established inflammation parameters (e.g., maternal white blood cell count). METHODS This prospective clinical case-control diagnostic accuracy multicenter study was performed with women after PPROM (gestational age 24.0/7 - 34.0/7 weeks). Sampling of vaginal fluid was performed once daily. IL-6vag was determined by electrochemiluminescence-immunoassay-kit. Neonatal outcome and placental histology results were used to retrospectively allocate the cohort into two subgroups: 1) inflammation and 2) no inflammation (controls). RESULTS A total of 37 cases were included in the final analysis. (A): Measurement of IL-6 was successful in 86% of 172 vaginal fluid samples. (B): Median concentration of IL-6vag in the last vaginal fluid sample before delivery was significantly higher within the inflammation group (17,085 pg/mL) compared to the controls (1,888 pg/mL; p=0.01). By Youden's index an optimal cut-off for prediction an intrauterine inflammation was: 6,417 pg/mL. Two days before delivery, in contrast to all other parameters IL-6vag remained the only parameter with a sufficient AUC of 0.877, p<0.001, 95%CI [0.670-1.000]. CONCLUSIONS This study established a new technique for vaginal fluid sampling, which permits assessment of IL-6vag concentration noninvasively in clinical daily routine monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Seliger
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Center of Fetal Surgery, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Bergner
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Center of Fetal Surgery, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Roland Haase
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Holger Stepan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Janine Zöllkau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Seeger
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Perinatal Centre, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Frank Bernhard Kraus
- Central Laboratory, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Grit Gesine Ruth Hiller
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andreas Wienke
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Tchirikov
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Center of Fetal Surgery, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cameron SJS, Perdones-Montero A, Van Meulebroek L, Burke A, Alexander-Hardiman K, Simon D, Schaffer R, Balog J, Karancsi T, Rickards T, Rebec M, Stead S, Vanhaecke L, Takáts Z. Sample Preparation Free Mass Spectrometry Using Laser-Assisted Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Applications to Microbiology, Metabolic Biofluid Phenotyping, and Food Authenticity. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2021; 32:1393-1401. [PMID: 33980015 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry has established itself as a powerful tool in the chemical, biological, medical, environmental, and agricultural fields. However, experimental approaches and potential application areas have been limited by a traditional reliance on sample preparation, extraction, and chromatographic separation. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry methods have addressed this challenge but are still somewhat restricted in requirements for sample manipulation to make it suitable for analysis. These limitations are particularly restrictive in view of the move toward high-throughput and automated analytical workflows. To address this, we present what we consider to be the first automated sample-preparation-free mass spectrometry platform utilizing a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser for sample thermal desorption linked to the rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (LA-REIMS) methodology. We show that the pulsatile operation of the CO2 laser is the primary factor in achieving high signal-to-noise ratios. We further show that the LA-REIMS automated platform is suited to the analysis of three diverse biological materials within different application areas. First, clinical microbiology isolates were classified to species level with an accuracy of 97.2%, the highest accuracy reported in current literature. Second, fecal samples from a type 2 diabetes mellitus cohort were analyzed with LA-REIMS, which allowed tentative identification of biomarkers which are potentially associated with disease pathogenesis and a disease classification accuracy of 94%. Finally, we showed the ability of the LA-REIMS system to detect instances of adulteration of cooking oil and determine the geographical area of production of three protected olive oil products with 100% classification accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon J S Cameron
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, U.K
| | - Alvaro Perdones-Montero
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Lieven Van Meulebroek
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Ghent University, Ghent B-9820, Belgium
| | - Adam Burke
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Kate Alexander-Hardiman
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Daniel Simon
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Waters Research Center, Budapest 1031, Hungary
| | | | - Julia Balog
- Waters Research Center, Budapest 1031, Hungary
| | | | - Tony Rickards
- Department of Microbiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W6 8RD, U.K
| | - Monica Rebec
- Department of Microbiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W6 8RD, U.K
| | - Sara Stead
- Waters Corporation, Wilmslow SK9 4AX, U.K
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, U.K
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Ghent University, Ghent B-9820, Belgium
| | - Zoltán Takáts
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of microsampling for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is increasingly feasible as sensitive methods have become more accessible. There exists an increasing interest in the use of microsampling, and new microsampling devices and techniques can potentially improve patient convenience and care, among other features. This review provides an update on currently validated methods for measuring drugs pertinent to TDM, including data from clinical samples. METHODS A literature record search was undertaken, including PubMed and Google Scholar. Reports that included the use of microsampling to measure concentrations of drugs associated with TDM were reviewed and included if data from patient samples were reported. The studies are described in brief, including sample preparation and analyte stability, with the most pertinent findings reported. RESULTS Sensitive analyses and innovative designs and materials have resulted in an increasing number of reported evaluations and validations for measuring drugs using microsamples. Novel designs largely overcome common problems associated with traditional dried blood spot sampling. Although examples of patient self-sampling are rare at present, studies that evaluated feedback found it to be largely positive, revealing the feasibility of microsampling for TDM. CONCLUSIONS Microsampling is suited to the TDM of numerous drugs in diverse situations, and it will play an increasingly important role. The issues with traditional dried blood spot samples have been largely overcome by employing novel methods to obtain volumetric samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Edgar Morgan
- Drug Monitoring Service, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Simmons TW, Welch EN, Manges AB, Peters NA, Duchamp JE. Relative Efficiency of Drag Fabrics for Collection of Blacklegged Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) Larvae, Nymphs, and Adults. J Med Entomol 2021; 58:1248-1255. [PMID: 33511399 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis Say) vectors several bacterial, protozoan, and viral human pathogens. The known distribution, abundance, and phenology of I. scapularis within its estimated range are incomplete. This gap in knowledge is problematic because these factors are important for determining acarological risk of exposure to infected ticks. Consequently, enhanced surveillance of I. scapularis is being promoted and supported in the United States. Although the most common method for collecting I. scapularis is by dragging a sturdy cloth along the ground, there are no published empirical data showing which drag fabric is most effective. We used a randomized block design to directly compare the relative efficiencies of canvas, corduroy, and flannel drags for the collection of larval, nymphal, and adult I. scapularis. Overall, flannel was the most effective fabric and canvas was the least effective. Significantly more adults were collected on flannel than on canvas or corduroy, and the same number of nymphs was collected on flannel and corduroy. Significantly more larvae were collected on flannel than on canvas, but one-third of larvae could not be removed from the former fabric by lint-rolling, and handpicking was difficult. Our findings support the use of flannel drags to maximize sampling effort for collection of I. scapularis, especially adults to determine the presence of ticks and tick-borne pathogens when density and infection prevalence are low, with the caveat that detection and removal of larvae are time-consuming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Simmons
- Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, USA
| | - Emily N Welch
- Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, USA
| | - Anna B Manges
- Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, USA
| | - Nathan A Peters
- Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, USA
| | - Joseph E Duchamp
- Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pettit ME, Boswell SA, Qian J, Novak R, Springer M. Accessioning and automation compatible anterior nares swab design. J Virol Methods 2021; 294:114153. [PMID: 33984398 PMCID: PMC8108477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unparalleled need for viral testing capacity across the world and is a critical requirement for successful re-opening of economies. The logistical barriers to near-universal testing are considerable. We have designed an injection molded polypropylene anterior nares swab, the Rhinostic, with a screw cap integrated into the swab handle that is compatible with fully automated sample accessioning and processing. The ability to collect and release both human and viral material is comparable to that of several commonly used swabs on the market. SARS-CoV-2 is stable on dry Rhinostic swabs for at least 3 days, even at 42 °C, and elution can be achieved with small volumes. To test the performance of the Rhinostic in patients, 119 samples were collected with Rhinostic and the positive and negative determinations were 100 % concordant with samples collected using Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) use approved nasal swabs at a clinical lab. The Rhinostic swab and barcoded tube set can be produced, sterilized, and packaged cost effectively and is designed to be adopted by clinical laboratories using automation to increase throughput and dramatically reduce the cost of a standard SARS-CoV-2 detection pipeline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Pettit
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sarah A Boswell
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jason Qian
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Richard Novak
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michael Springer
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, 20115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Manzella AM, Carte KM, King SL, Moreno LI. Assessment of the ANDE 6C Rapid DNA system and investigative biochip for the processing of calcified and muscle tissue. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2021; 53:102526. [PMID: 33991866 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2021.102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The ANDE 6C Rapid DNA system could offer a potential alternative for the processing of calcified and soft tissue samples, often encountered in mass disaster scenarios. While originally designed for single source buccal swabs, interest in the performance of these instruments when using other types of single source samples continues to grow. To enhance the recovery of otherwise lesser quality samples, the manufacturer developed the investigative biochip, an alternative to the NDIS approved Arrestee biochip for reference sample buccal swabs. This study explores the viability of using the ANDE 6C system and the investigative biochip to process soft and calcified tissue, and uses conventional sample processing to contrast the results. Though the success rate obtained using the instrument's expert system was lower than expected - 0% muscle, 11% ribs, and 50% teeth -, the ANDE 6C offers an advantage over conventional calcified tissue processing in terms of turn-around time and processing complexity. If robust analysis parameters can be established to allow the evaluation of the generated data by a qualified analyst on a third party software platform, the use of the ANDE 6C and investigative biochip could be a suitable alternative for currently employed procedures. However, as is the case with conventional DNA typing, the quantity, age, type of biological material and quality of the exemplars could all play a role in the success of the ANDE 6C typing process. In addition, it appears as if the calcified tissue pre-processing protocol that provides the better opportunity for the ANDE 6C success is not appropriate to be carried out in the field or by non-trained personnel as special equipment as well as a certain level of exe expertise and technique is necessary. Nevertheless, disaster victim and unidentified human remain samples could be processed in a laboratory setting using the Rapid DNA ANDE 6C platform provided sufficient material is available to conduct a second, 'rescue' sample processing if necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- April M Manzella
- DNA Support Unit, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA 22135, USA; EnProVera, 410 Ware Blvd, Tampa, FL 33619, USA
| | - Kathryn M Carte
- DNA Support Unit, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA 22135, USA; EnProVera, 410 Ware Blvd, Tampa, FL 33619, USA
| | - Sheria L King
- Scientific Support Services, Royal Bahamas Police Force, East St, Nassau, Bahamas
| | - Lilliana I Moreno
- DNA Support Unit, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA 22135, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pedrão PG, de Carvalho AC, Possati-Resende JC, de Paula Cury F, Campanella NC, de Oliveira CM, Tavares Guerreiro Fregnani JH. DNA Recovery Using Ethanol-Based Liquid Medium from FTA Card-Stored Samples for HPV Detection. Acta Cytol 2021; 65:264-271. [PMID: 33951624 DOI: 10.1159/000515913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alternative methods of dry storage and transportation may be a viable alternative to the use of liquid storage medium for cervical samples, especially for screening programs in places with few resources. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to verify the viability and efficacy of human papillomavirus DNA (HPV-DNA) detection in cervical cell samples collected and stored on a Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) card (Whatman Indicating FTA® Elute Micro Card) and subsequently recovered in ethanol-based liquid medium and to compare the results to those obtained using samples stored directly in ethanol-based liquid medium. STUDY DESIGN Thirty-four women submitted to ETZ (excision of the transformation zone of the cervix) were included in this study. Before ETZ, 2 samples of exfoliated cervical cells were collected from each woman by a doctor and stored in ethanol-based liquid medium and on an FTA card. DNA recovery from FTA samples was performed using ethanol-based liquid medium. Detection of HPV-DNA in the samples was performed using the Cobas® 4800 HPV Test Platform. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The HPV-DNA detection positivity rates were 70.6% for the samples collected directly in liquid medium and 64.7% for the samples stored on the FTA card, with high detection accuracy in the DNA samples recovered from the FTA card (area under the curve = 0.958; 95% confidence interval = 0.890-1.000). The concordance between the results obtained using the 2 storage media was 94.1% (Kappa = 0.866). These preliminary results suggest that collection of cervical material on an FTA card may be an alternative to storage in liquid medium since the liquid medium has some limitations. In addition, DNA recovery from the card using ethanol-based liquid medium streamlines the workflow in the laboratory and reduces the cost associated with reagents, thereby facilitating access to the HPV test in places with few resources and potentially improving cervical cancer screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Grecca Pedrão
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Nathália C Campanella
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Mendes de Oliveira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
- DASA Laboratories, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Barbot A, Wales D, Yeatman E, Yang G. Microfluidics at Fiber Tip for Nanoliter Delivery and Sampling. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:2004643. [PMID: 34026456 PMCID: PMC8132067 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Delivery and sampling nanoliter volumes of liquid can benefit new invasive surgical procedures. However, the dead volume and difficulty in generating constant pressure flow limits the use of small tubes such as capillaries. This work demonstrates sub-millimeter microfluidic chips assembled directly on the tip of a bundle of two hydrophobic coated 100 µm capillaries to deliver nanoliter droplets in liquid environments. Droplets are created in a specially designed nanopipette and propelled by gas through the capillary to the microfluidic chip where a passive valve mechanism separates liquid from gas, allowing their delivery. By adjusting the driving pressure and microfluidic geometry, both partial and full delivery of 10 nanoliter droplets with 0.4 nanoliter maximum error, as well as sampling from the environment are demonstrated. This system will enable drug delivery and sampling with minimally invasive probes, facilitating continuous liquid biopsy for disease monitoring and in vivo drug screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominic Wales
- Hamlyn Centre, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Eric Yeatman
- Hamlyn Centre, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Guang‐Zhong Yang
- Institute of Medical RoboticsShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ma JQ, Xu QQ, He L, He XX, Chen K, Wang YH, Xing WG, Jiang Y. Exploration of an Efficient Simultaneous Molecular Detection Method of HIV, HCV, and Syphilis from a Single Dried Blood Spot. Biomed Environ Sci 2021; 34:257-264. [PMID: 33894804 DOI: 10.3967/bes2021.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of the simultaneous detection of HIV-1 RNA, HIV-1 DNA, and HCV RNA using one dried blood spot (DBS) as an alternative sample to plasma. METHOD A total of 571 paired DBS/plasma samples were collected from men who have sex with men (MSM) and injection drug users (IDUs), and serological and molecular assays were performed. Using plasma results as the reference standard, the performance of DBS tests for HIV-1 RNA, HIV-1 DNA, and HCV RNA was evaluated. Pearson's correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman analysis were performed to assess the correlation and concordance between DBS and plasma. RESULTS Among paired plasma/DBS samples with detectable HIV-1 RNA and HCV RNA, five samples (5/32) were not detectable in DBS, while measurable HIV-1 RNA levels were present in plasma (1.44 to 3.99 log 10 copies/mL). There were two samples (2/94) with undetectable HCV RNA in DBS, while measurable HCV RNA levels were present in plasma (-5 to 5.99 log 10 copies/mL). The correlation between HIV-1 RNA light chain variable region (VL) values obtained from plasma and DBS showed that r = 0.683 ( P < 0.01), n = 27 and r = 0.612 ( P < 0.01), n = 89 in HCV RNA. Bland-Altman analysis revealed that in HIV-1 RNA, the mean (± SD) difference between HIV-1 RNA in plasma and DBS was 1.00 ± 1.01 log 10 copies/mL, and all samples were within ± 1.96 SD (-0.97 to 2.97 log 10 copies/mL) for DBS. The mean difference (± SD) in HCV RNA was 0.15 ± 1.08 log 10 copies/mL, and 94.38% (84/89) were within ± 1.96 SD (-1.96 to 2.67 log 10 copies/mL). Overall, HIV-1 RNA and HCV RNA levels obtained from a DBS were lower than those obtained from plasma. HIV-1 DNA in a DBS showed concordant results with HIV-1 RNA in plasma. HIV-1 DNA RT-PCR using a DBS showed acceptable performance. CONCLUSION The performance of the simultaneous detection of HIV-1 RNA, HIV-1 DNA, and HCV RNA using one DBS was acceptable. DBS, as an alternative sample to plasma, may be a viable option for the simultaneous detection of HIV-1 RNA, HIV-1 DNA, and HCV RNA in resource-limited settings or for individuals living in areas that are difficult to access.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qiong Ma
- National HIV Reference Laboratory, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qing Qing Xu
- National HIV Reference Laboratory, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lin He
- National HIV Reference Laboratory, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiao Xia He
- National HIV Reference Laboratory, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kai Chen
- National HIV Reference Laboratory, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yue Hua Wang
- National HIV Reference Laboratory, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wen Ge Xing
- National HIV Reference Laboratory, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- National HIV Reference Laboratory, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fourniol L, Madec Y, Mousson L, Vazeille M, Failloux AB. A laboratory-based study to explore the use of honey-impregnated cards to detect chikungunya virus in mosquito saliva. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249471. [PMID: 33793656 PMCID: PMC8016228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito control is implemented when arboviruses are detected in patients or in field-collected mosquitoes. However, mass screening of mosquitoes is usually laborious and expensive, requiring specialized expertise and equipment. Detection of virus in mosquito saliva using honey-impregnated filter papers seems to be a promising method as it is non-destructive and allows monitoring the viral excretion dynamics over time from the same mosquito. Here we test the use of filter papers to detect chikungunya virus in mosquito saliva in laboratory conditions, before proposing this method in large-scale mosquito surveillance programs. We found that 0.9 cm2 cards impregnated with a 50% honey solution could replace the forced salivation technique as they offered a viral RNA detection until 7 days after oral infection of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes with CHIKV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Fourniol
- Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Madec
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Mousson
- Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marie Vazeille
- Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chu AWH, Yip CCY, Chan WM, Ng ACK, Chan DLS, Siu RHP, Chung CYT, Ng JPL, Kittur H, Mosley GL, Poon RWS, Chiu RYT, To KKW. Evaluation of an Automated High-Throughput Liquid-Based RNA Extraction Platform on Pooled Nasopharyngeal or Saliva Specimens for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040615. [PMID: 33918447 PMCID: PMC8067048 DOI: 10.3390/v13040615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR with pooled specimens has been implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic as a cost- and manpower-saving strategy for large-scale testing. However, there is a paucity of data on the efficiency of different nucleic acid extraction platforms on pooled specimens. This study compared a novel automated high-throughput liquid-based RNA extraction (LRE) platform (PHASIFY™) with a widely used magnetic bead-based total nucleic acid extraction (MBTE) platform (NucliSENS® easyMAG®). A total of 60 pools of nasopharyngeal swab and 60 pools of posterior oropharyngeal saliva specimens, each consisting of 1 SARS-CoV-2 positive and 9 SARS-CoV-2 negative specimens, were included for the comparison. Real-time RT-PCR targeting the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp/Hel gene was performed, and GAPDH RT-PCR was used to detect RT-PCR inhibitors. No significant differences were observed in the Ct values and overall RT-PCR positive rates between LRE and MBTE platforms (92.5% (111/120] vs. 90% (108/120]), but there was a slightly higher positive rate for LRE (88.3% (53/60]) than MBTE (81.7% (49/60]) among pooled saliva. The automated LRE method is comparable to a standard MBTE method for the detection of SAR-CoV-2 in pooled specimens, providing a suitable alternative automated extraction platform. Furthermore, LRE may be better suited for pooled saliva specimens due to more efficient removal of RT-PCR inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allen Wing-Ho Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong; (A.W.-H.C.); (W.-M.C.); (A.C.-K.N.)
| | - Cyril Chik-Yan Yip
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong; (C.C.-Y.Y.); (R.W.-S.P.)
| | - Wan-Mui Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong; (A.W.-H.C.); (W.-M.C.); (A.C.-K.N.)
| | - Anthony Chin-Ki Ng
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong; (A.W.-H.C.); (W.-M.C.); (A.C.-K.N.)
| | - Dream Lok-Sze Chan
- PHASE Scientific International Limited, Kowloon, Hong Kong; (D.L.-S.C.); (R.H.-P.S.); (C.Y.T.C.); (J.P.-L.N.); (H.K.); (G.L.M.); (R.Y.-T.C.)
| | - Ryan Ho-Ping Siu
- PHASE Scientific International Limited, Kowloon, Hong Kong; (D.L.-S.C.); (R.H.-P.S.); (C.Y.T.C.); (J.P.-L.N.); (H.K.); (G.L.M.); (R.Y.-T.C.)
| | - Cheuk Yiu Tenny Chung
- PHASE Scientific International Limited, Kowloon, Hong Kong; (D.L.-S.C.); (R.H.-P.S.); (C.Y.T.C.); (J.P.-L.N.); (H.K.); (G.L.M.); (R.Y.-T.C.)
| | - Jessica Pui-Ling Ng
- PHASE Scientific International Limited, Kowloon, Hong Kong; (D.L.-S.C.); (R.H.-P.S.); (C.Y.T.C.); (J.P.-L.N.); (H.K.); (G.L.M.); (R.Y.-T.C.)
| | - Harsha Kittur
- PHASE Scientific International Limited, Kowloon, Hong Kong; (D.L.-S.C.); (R.H.-P.S.); (C.Y.T.C.); (J.P.-L.N.); (H.K.); (G.L.M.); (R.Y.-T.C.)
| | - Garrett Lee Mosley
- PHASE Scientific International Limited, Kowloon, Hong Kong; (D.L.-S.C.); (R.H.-P.S.); (C.Y.T.C.); (J.P.-L.N.); (H.K.); (G.L.M.); (R.Y.-T.C.)
| | - Rosana Wing-Shan Poon
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong; (C.C.-Y.Y.); (R.W.-S.P.)
| | - Ricky Yin-To Chiu
- PHASE Scientific International Limited, Kowloon, Hong Kong; (D.L.-S.C.); (R.H.-P.S.); (C.Y.T.C.); (J.P.-L.N.); (H.K.); (G.L.M.); (R.Y.-T.C.)
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong; (A.W.-H.C.); (W.-M.C.); (A.C.-K.N.)
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong; (C.C.-Y.Y.); (R.W.-S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +(852)-2255-2413; Fax: +(852)-2855-1241
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ott IM, Strine MS, Watkins AE, Boot M, Kalinich CC, Harden CA, Vogels CBF, Casanovas-Massana A, Moore AJ, Muenker MC, Nakahata M, Tokuyama M, Nelson A, Fournier J, Bermejo S, Campbell M, Datta R, Dela Cruz CS, Farhadian SF, Ko AI, Iwasaki A, Grubaugh ND, Wilen CB, Wyllie AL. Stability of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Nonsupplemented Saliva. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:1146-1150. [PMID: 33754989 PMCID: PMC8007305 DOI: 10.3201/eid2704.204199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The expense of saliva collection devices designed to stabilize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA is prohibitive to mass testing. However, virus RNA in nonsupplemented saliva is stable for extended periods and at elevated temperatures. Simple plastic tubes for saliva collection will make large-scale testing and continued surveillance easier.
Collapse
|
36
|
Matti E, Lizzio R, Spinozzi G, Ugolini S, Maiorano E, Benazzo M, Pagella F. An alternative way to perform diagnostic nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Am J Otolaryngol 2021; 42:102828. [PMID: 33234296 PMCID: PMC7670921 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
On March 11, 2020, WHO has defined the novel coronavirus disease SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic and still today continues to affect much of the world. Among the reasons for the rapid spread of SARS–CoV-2 infection, there is not only the high transmissibility of the virus, but also the role of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic carriers. Therefore diagnostic testing is central to contain the global pandemic. Up to now real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)–based molecular assays for detecting SARSCoV-2 in respiratory specimens is the current reference standard for COVID-19 diagnosis. Nasopharyngeal swab is the preferred choice for SARS–CoV-2 testing; however is not always a free of complications procedure. In patients with severe coagulopathies or diseases such as HHT, the risk of nosebleeding may be high. As in all those conditions like advanced stage sinonasal neoplasms or unfavorable anatomical characteristics, the nasopharyngeal swab may not be feasible. This work reports a safe and effective procedure of nasopharyngeal swab collection for COVID-19 testing, through the transoral way, in patients with contraindication to perform it transnasally. The procedure proved feasible and well tolerated. The discomfort for the patient is comparable with the execution of an oropharyngeal swab without exposing him to additional complications. In selected cases, the procedure described represents a valid alternative to nasopharyngeal swab performed transnasally. In particular, it allows reaching the area with the highest diagnostic sensitivity. Moreover it can be performed by Otolaryngology and, with adequate training, also by non-specialist staff.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elina Matti
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Lizzio
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Spinozzi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Ugolini
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Eugenia Maiorano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Benazzo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Pagella
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Oland G, Garner O, de St Maurice A. Prospective clinical validation of 3D printed nasopharyngeal swabs for diagnosis of COVID-19. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 99:115257. [PMID: 33220640 PMCID: PMC7577894 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 greatly disrupted the global supply chain of nasopharyngeal swabs, and thus new products have come to market with little data to support their use. In this prospective study, 2 new 3D printed nasopharyngeal swab designs were evaluated against the standard, flocked nasopharyngeal swab for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Seventy adult patients (37 COVID-positive and 33 COVID-negative) underwent consecutive diagnostic reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing, with a flocked swab followed by one or two 3D printed swabs. The "Lattice Swab" (manufacturer Resolution Medical) demonstrated 93.3% sensitivity (95% CI, 77.9%-99.2%) and 96.8% specificity (83.3%-99.9%), yielding κ = 0.90 (0.85-0.96). The "Origin KXG" (manufacturer Origin Laboratories) demonstrated 83.9% sensitivity (66.3%-94.6%) and 100% specificity (88.8%-100.0%), yielding κ = 0.84 (0.77-0.91). Both 3D printed nasopharyngeal swab results have high concordance with the control swab results. The decision to use 3D printed nasopharyngeal swabs during the COVID-19 pandemic should be strongly considered by clinical and research laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Oland
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Omai Garner
- UCLA, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Annabelle de St Maurice
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
McCarthy A, Saldana L, Ackerman DN, Su Y, John JV, Chen S, Weihs S, Reid SP, Santarpia JL, Carlson MA, Xie J. Ultra-absorptive Nanofiber Swabs for Improved Collection and Test Sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 and other Biological Specimens. Nano Lett 2021; 21:1508-1516. [PMID: 33501831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Following the COVID-19 outbreak, swabs for biological specimen collection were thrust to the forefront of healthcare materials. Swab sample collection and recovery are vital for reducing false negative diagnostic tests, early detection of pathogens, and harvesting DNA from limited biological samples. In this study, we report a new class of nanofiber swabs tipped with hierarchical 3D nanofiber objects produced by expanding electrospun membranes with a solids-of-revolution-inspired gas foaming technique. Nanofiber swabs significantly improve absorption and release of proteins, cells, bacteria, DNA, and viruses from solutions and surfaces. Implementation of nanofiber swabs in SARS-CoV-2 detection reduces the false negative rates at two viral concentrations and identifies SARS-CoV-2 at a 10× lower viral concentration compared to flocked and cotton swabs. The nanofiber swabs show great promise in improving test sensitivity, potentially leading to timely and accurate diagnosis of many diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alec McCarthy
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, United States
| | - Lorenzo Saldana
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, United States
| | - Daniel N Ackerman
- National Strategic Research Institute, Omaha, Nebraska 68106, United States
| | - Yajuan Su
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, United States
| | - Johnson V John
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, United States
| | - Shixuan Chen
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, United States
| | - Shelbie Weihs
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, United States
| | - St Patrick Reid
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, United States
| | - Joshua L Santarpia
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, United States
| | - Mark A Carlson
- Department of Surgery-General Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, United States
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, United States
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Arjunan A, Zahid S, Baroutaji A, Robinson J. 3D printed auxetic nasopharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 sample collection. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 114:104175. [PMID: 33214107 PMCID: PMC7660972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in worldwide shortages of nasopharyngeal swabs required for sample collection. While the shortages are becoming acute due to supply chain disruptions, the demand for testing has increased both as a prerequisite to lifting restrictions and in preparation for the second wave. One of the potential solutions to this crisis is the development of 3D printed nasopharyngeal swabs that behave like traditional swabs. However, the opportunity to digitally conceive and fabricate swabs allows for design improvements that can potentially reduce patient pain and discomfort. The study reports the progress that has been made on the development of auxetic nasopharyngeal swabs that can shrink under axial resistance. This allows the swab to navigate through the nasal cavity with significantly less stress on the surrounding tissues. This is achieved through systematically conceived negative Poisson's ratio (-υ) structures in a biocompatible material. Finite element (FE) and surrogate modelling techniques were employed to identify the most optimal swab shape that allows for the highest negative strain (-εlat) under safe stress (σvon). The influence and interaction effects of the geometrical parameters on the swab's performance were also characterised. The research demonstrates a new viewpoint for the development of functional nasopharyngeal swabs that can be 3D printed to reduce patient discomfort. The methodology can be further exploited to address various challenges in biomedical devices and redistributed manufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Arjunan
- School of Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Telford Innovation Campus, Telford, TF2 9NT, UK.
| | - Suhaib Zahid
- School of Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Telford Innovation Campus, Telford, TF2 9NT, UK
| | - Ahmad Baroutaji
- School of Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Telford Innovation Campus, Telford, TF2 9NT, UK
| | - John Robinson
- School of Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Telford Innovation Campus, Telford, TF2 9NT, UK; 6DME Ltd., Stirchley Road, Telford, TF3 1EB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Short MI, Hudson R, Besasie BD, Reveles KR, Shah DP, Nicholson S, Johnson-Pais TL, Weldon K, Lai Z, Leach RJ, Fongang B, Liss MA. Comparison of rectal swab, glove tip, and participant-collected stool techniques for gut microbiome sampling. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:26. [PMID: 33446094 PMCID: PMC7809826 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of the gut microbiome are becoming increasingly important. Such studies require stool collections that can be processed or frozen in a timely manner so as not to alter the microbial content. Due to the logistical difficulties of home-based stool collection, there has been a challenge in selecting the appropriate sample collection technique and comparing results from different microbiome studies. Thus, we compared stool collection and two alternative clinic-based fecal microbiome collection techniques, including a newer glove-based collection method. RESULTS We prospectively enrolled 22 adult men from our prostate cancer screening cohort SABOR (San Antonio Biomarkers of Risk for prostate cancer) in San Antonio, TX, from 8/2018 to 4/2019. A rectal swab and glove tip sample were collected from each participant during a one-time visit to our clinics. A single stool sample was collected at the participant's home. DNA was isolated from the fecal material and 16 s rRNA sequencing of the V1-V2 and V3-V4 regions was performed. We found the gut microbiome to be similar in richness and evenness, noting no differences in alpha diversity among the collection methods. The stool collection method, which remains the gold-standard method for the gut microbiome, proved to have different community composition compared to swab and glove tip techniques (p< 0.001) as measured by Bray-Curtis and unifrac distances. There were no significant differences in between the swab and glove tip samples with regard to beta diversity (p> 0.05). Despite differences between home-based stool and office-based fecal collection methods, we noted that the distance metrics for the three methods cluster by participant indicating within-person similarities. Additionally, no taxa differed among the methods in a Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis comparing all-against-all sampling methods. CONCLUSION The glove tip method provides similar gut microbiome results as rectal swab and stool microbiome collection techniques. The addition of a new office-based collection technique could help easy and practical implementation of gut microbiome research studies and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan I Short
- University of Texas Health San Antonio, Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robert Hudson
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Benjamin D Besasie
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Kelly R Reveles
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Dimpy P Shah
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Susannah Nicholson
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Teresa L Johnson-Pais
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Korri Weldon
- University of Texas Health San Antonio, Genome Sequencing Facility, Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute (GCCRI), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- University of Texas Health San Antonio, Genome Sequencing Facility, Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute (GCCRI), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robin J Leach
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Bernard Fongang
- University of Texas Health San Antonio, Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Liss
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Evtushenko EG, Bagrov DV, Lazarev VN, Livshits MA, Khomyakova E. Adsorption of extracellular vesicles onto the tube walls during storage in solution. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243738. [PMID: 33370319 PMCID: PMC7769454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Short term storage of extracellular vesicle (EV) solutions at +4°C is a common practice, but the stability of EVs during this procedure has not been fully understood yet. Using nanoparticle tracking analysis, we have shown that EVs isolated from the conditioned medium of HT-29 cells exhibit a pronounced concentration decrease when stored in PBS in ordinary polypropylene tubes within the range of (0.5–2.1) × 1010 particles/ml. EV losses reach 51±3% for 0.5 ml of EVs in Eppendorf 2 ml tube at 48 hours of storage at +4°C. Around 2/3 of the observed losses have been attributed to the adsorption of vesicles onto tube walls. This result shows that the lower part (up to at least 2 × 1010 particles/ml) of the practically relevant concentration range for purified EVs is prone to adsorption losses at +4°C. Total particle losses could be reduced to 18–21% at 48 hours by using either Eppendorf Protein LoBind tubes or ordinary tubes with the surface blocked with bovine serum albumin or EVs. Reduction of losses to 15% has been shown for isolated EVs dissolved in the supernatant after 100 000 g centrifugation as a model of conditioned medium. Also, a previously unknown feature of diffusion-controlled adsorption was revealed for EVs. In addition to the decrease in particle count, this process causes the predominant losses of smaller particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy G. Evtushenko
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- * E-mail:
| | - Dmitry V. Bagrov
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vassili N. Lazarev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A. Livshits
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Khomyakova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kim Y, Yu I, Kweon O, Choi JY, Yong D, Park ES. Respiratory Specimen Collection Booth for COVID-19 Test: Efficiency Based Newly Introduced Facility. J Korean Med Sci 2020; 35:e432. [PMID: 33350188 PMCID: PMC7752256 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hospitals need to find a safe and rapid method for respiratory specimen collection as the number of patients suspicious for coronavirus disease -2019 (COVID-19) rapidly grows. Applied with significant infection control and prevention measures, a respiratory specimen collection booth was newly designed. The new respiratory specimen collection booth not only increased COVID-19 testing cases but also decreased personal protective equipment consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yelin Kim
- Department of Infection Control, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inae Yu
- Department of Infection Control, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ohmee Kweon
- Department of Infection Control, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Yong Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine and AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongeun Yong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Suk Park
- Department of Infection Control, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Syrota Y, du Preez LH. ParaSiteDB - A user-friendly database for managing a parasitological collection. Parasitol Int 2020; 81:102266. [PMID: 33278605 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
ParaSiteDB is an application for arranging and managing a parasitological collection. It has been designed to provide a user-friendly, easily manageable and searchable site and is suitable for small to bigger collections. The source code of the application is available on GitHub: https://github.com/goobar4/aacrg. The demonstration version of the application is available on https://syrota.info/wormbasehttp://syrota.info/wormbase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav Syrota
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, NAS of Ukraine, vul. B. Khmelnytskogo, 15, Kyiv 01030, Ukraine.
| | - Louis H du Preez
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Evans-Nguyen KM, Rivera A, Fontanez-Adames J, Li F, Musselman B. Solvent-free, Noncontact Electrostatic Sampling for Rapid Analysis with Mass Spectrometry: Application to Drugs and Explosives. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2020; 31:2237-2242. [PMID: 33107742 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A hand-held Van de Graaf generator is used to apply a high voltage, negligible current electrostatic potential to a wire mesh positioned in close proximity to a particle-laden surface in order to collect those particles for analysis. The electrostatic field effects transfer particles to the mesh without a requirement for mechanical contact between mesh and surface. Analysis of chemicals present in the sampled particles is completed by thermal desorption electrospray ionization. The utility of the method for noncontact sampling is demonstrated using solid drug powder samples, and inorganic explosives dispersed either on solid surfaces or in sand/soil in order to simulate common interfering matrices that might be encountered in the forensic environment. A metal mesh sampling substrate is utilized instead of traditional polymer-based swabs in order to permit thermal desorption at higher temperatures. The method leaves no visible trace of sampling leaving details such as a fingerprint image unperturbed, as demonstrated using fluorescence photography. Direct sampling of trace particles from hard surfaces and skin documents flexibility in the choice of sampling substrates, desorption temperatures, and sampling times. The potential of the device for use in forensic analyses is detailed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenyon M Evans-Nguyen
- The Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, The University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida 33606, United States
| | - Amanda Rivera
- The Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, The University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida 33606, United States
| | - Jannelys Fontanez-Adames
- The Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, The University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida 33606, United States
| | - Frederick Li
- Ionsense, Inc., Saugus, Massachussetts 01906, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fowler F, Wilcox T, Orr S, Watson W. Sampling Efficacy and Survival Rates of Labarrus pseudolividus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Onthophagus taurus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Using Flotation and Sieve-Separation Methodology. J Insect Sci 2020; 20:5948073. [PMID: 33135751 PMCID: PMC7751142 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding collection methodologies and their limitations are essential when targeting specific arthropods for use in habitat restoration, conservation, laboratory colony formation, or when holistically representing local populations using ecological surveys. For dung beetles, the most popular collection methodology is baited traps, followed by light traps and unbaited flight-intercept traps during diversity surveys. A less common collection method, flotation, is assumed to be laborious and messy, and so only a handful of papers exist on its refinement and strengths. Our purpose was threefold: First, we tested the recovery and survival rates of Labarrus (=Aphodius) pseudolividus (Balthasar) and Onthophagus taurus (Schreber) when floating beetle-seeded dung pats to determine potential collection and safety issues. We collected 72.4 and 78% of the seeded L. pseudolividus and O. taurus, respectively, with >95% survival rating. Second, we developed a flotation-sieving technique that enables users to rapidly collect and passively sort dung beetles with less time and effort. Specifically, we often collected 50-100 g of wild dung beetles within a couple of hours of gathering dung and sorted them in a couple more by allowing dung beetles to sort themselves by size within a series of sieves; Third, we reviewed flotation-based advantages and disadvantages in comparison to other methodologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fallon Fowler
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Grinnells Animal Health Laboratories, Raleigh, NC
| | - Tashiana Wilcox
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Grinnells Animal Health Laboratories, Raleigh, NC
| | - Stephanie Orr
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Grinnells Animal Health Laboratories, Raleigh, NC
| | - Wes Watson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Grinnells Animal Health Laboratories, Raleigh, NC
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Fernandez-Senac C, Fridman S, Sokolowska J, Monaghan SJ, Garzon T, Betancor M, Paladini G, Adams A, Bron JE. A comparison of the use of different swab materials for optimal diagnosis of amoebic gill disease (AGD) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). J Fish Dis 2020; 43:1463-1472. [PMID: 32882753 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Routine gill swabbing is a non-destructive sampling method used for the downstream qPCR detection and quantitation of the pathogen Neoparamoeba perurans, a causative agent of amoebic gill disease (AGD). Three commercially available swabs were compared aiming their application for timelier AGD diagnosis (Calgiswab® (calcium alginate fibre-tipped), Isohelix® DNA buccal and cotton wool-tipped). Calcium alginate is soluble in most sodium salts, which potentially allows the total recovery of biological material, hence a better extraction of target organisms' DNA. Thus, this study consisted of (a) an in vitro assessment involving spiking of the swabs with known amounts of amoebae and additional assessment of retrieval efficiency of amoebae from agar plates; (b) in vivo testing by swabbing of gill arches (second, third and fourth) of AGD-infected fish. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments identified an enhanced amoeba retrieval with Calgiswab® and Isohelix® swabs in comparison with cotton swabs. Additionally, the third and fourth gill arches presented significantly higher amoebic loads compared to the second gill arch. Results suggest that limiting routine gill swabbing to one or two arches, instead of all, could likely lead to reduced stress-related effects incurred by handling and sampling and a timelier diagnosis of AGD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Fridman
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Jadwiga Sokolowska
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Sean J Monaghan
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Teresa Garzon
- Mowi Scotland, Blar Mhor Industrial Estate, Fort William, UK
- PatoGen, The Moorings, Suite 7, Malin House European Marine Science Park, Dunbeg, Oban, UK
| | - Monica Betancor
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Giuseppe Paladini
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Alexandra Adams
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - James E Bron
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hart B, Tu YP, Jennings R, Verma P, Padgett LR, Rains D, Vojta D, Berke EM. A comparison of health care worker-collected foam and polyester nasal swabs in convalescent COVID-19 patients. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241100. [PMID: 33108384 PMCID: PMC7591034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Both polyester and foam nasal swabs were collected from convalescent COVID-19 patients at a single visit and stored in viral transport media (VTM), saline or dry. Sensitivity of each swab material and media combination were estimated, three by three tables were constructed to measure polyester and foam concordance, and cycle threshold (Ct) values were compared. 126 visits had polyester and foam swabs stored in viral transport media (VTM), 51 had swabs stored in saline, and 63 had a foam swab in VTM and a polyester swab stored in a dry tube. Polyester and foam swabs had an estimated sensitivity of 87.3% and 94.5% respectively in VTM, 87.5% and 93.8% respectively in saline, and 75.0% and 90.6% respectively for dry polyester and foam VTM. Polyester and foam Ct values were correlated, but polyester showed decreased performance for cases with a viral load near the detection threshold and higher Ct values on average.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hart
- Research and Development, UnitedHealth Group, Minnetonka, MN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuan-Po Tu
- The Everett Clinic, Everett, WA, United States of America
| | - Rachel Jennings
- Applied Research Associates, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Prateek Verma
- Research and Development, UnitedHealth Group, Minnetonka, MN, United States of America
| | - Leah R. Padgett
- Quantigen Biosciences, Fishers, IN, United States of America
| | - Douglas Rains
- Quantigen Biosciences, Fishers, IN, United States of America
| | - Deneen Vojta
- Research and Development, UnitedHealth Group, Minnetonka, MN, United States of America
| | - Ethan M. Berke
- Research and Development, UnitedHealth Group, Minnetonka, MN, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Arnold MT, Temte JL, Barlow SK, Bell CJ, Goss MD, Temte EG, Checovich MM, Reisdorf E, Scott S, Guenther K, Wedig M, Shult P, Uzicanin A. Comparison of participant-collected nasal and staff-collected oropharyngeal specimens for human ribonuclease P detection with RT-PCR during a community-based study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239000. [PMID: 33027284 PMCID: PMC7540885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed 4,352 participant- and staff-collected respiratory specimens from 2,796 subjects in the Oregon Child Absenteeism due to Respiratory Disease Study. Trained staff collected oropharyngeal specimens from school-aged children with acute respiratory illness while household participants of all ages collected their own midturbinate nasal specimens in year one and anterior nasal specimens in year two. Human ribonuclease P levels were measured using RT-PCR for all staff- and participant-collected specimens to determine adequacy, defined as Cycle threshold less than 38. Overall, staff- and participant-collected specimens were 99.9% and 96.4% adequate, respectively. Participant-collected midturbinate specimens were 95.2% adequate in year one, increasing to 97.2% in year two with anterior nasal collection. The mean human ribonuclease P Cycle threshold for participant-collected specimens was 31.18 in year one and 28.48 in year two. The results from this study suggest that community-based participant collection of respiratory specimens is comparable to staff-collected oropharyngeal specimens, is feasible, and may be optimal with anterior nasal collection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell T. Arnold
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jonathan L. Temte
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Shari K. Barlow
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Cristalyne J. Bell
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Maureen D. Goss
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Emily G. Temte
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Mary M. Checovich
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Erik Reisdorf
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Samantha Scott
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Kyley Guenther
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Mary Wedig
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Peter Shult
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Amra Uzicanin
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ravi N, Cortade DL, Ng E, Wang SX. Diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 detection: A comprehensive review of the FDA-EUA COVID-19 testing landscape. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112454. [PMID: 32729549 PMCID: PMC7368663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly spreading outbreak of COVID-19 disease is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. As of June 17, 2020, this virus has infected over 8.2 million people but ranges in symptom severity, making it difficult to assess its overall infection rate. There is a need for rapid and accurate diagnostics to better monitor and prevent the spread of COVID-19. In this review, we present and evaluate two main types of diagnostics with FDA-EUA status for COVID-19: nucleic acid testing for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and serological assays for detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and IgM patient antibodies, along with the necessary sample preparation for accurate diagnoses. In particular, we cover and compare tests such as the CDC 2019-nCoV RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel, Cellex's qSARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM Rapid Test, and point-of-care tests such as Abbott's ID NOW COVID-19 Test. Antibody testing is especially important in understanding the prevalence of the virus in the community and to identify those who have gained immunity. We conclude by highlighting the future of COVID-19 diagnostics, which include the need for quantitative testing and the development of emerging biosensors as point-of-care tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraja Ravi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 93405, USA.
| | - Dana L Cortade
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 93405, USA.
| | - Elaine Ng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 93405, USA.
| | - Shan X Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 93405, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 93405, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Long and sharp objects can be foreign body intentionally or accidentally ingested. Timing of endoscopy relies on foreign body shape and size, localization in gastrointestinal tract, patient’s clinical conditions, occurrence of symptoms, or onset of complications. We present a case of a 47-year-old male with no known comorbidity, who accidentally swallowed a portion of a naso-pharyngeal swab half-broken during the second diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2. The intact swab had a total length of 15 cm and was made of wood. The patient was asymptomatic, laboratory tests were normal, and neck-chest-abdominal X-ray and CT scan were negative for major complications. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was promptly performed to prevent the long sharp swab from crossing the pylorus leading to serious complications and, therefore, risk surgical intervention. The patient was intubated and the procedure was carried out under general anesthesia. In the gastric body, broken naso-pharyngeal swab was detected among the food debris, and using a latex rubber hood, the 7.5 cm foreign body was removed with a retrieval alligator-tooth forceps. Our hospital is located in a high-risk area of COVID-19 outbreak where many naso-pharyngeal swabs are performed, and to our knowledge, this is the first report of swab ingestion during SARS-CoV-2 test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca De Luca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, Piazzale Cinelli, 1, 61121, Pesaro, PU, Italy.
| | - Stefania Maltoni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, Piazzale Cinelli, 1, 61121, Pesaro, PU, Italy
| |
Collapse
|