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Abstract
BACKGROUND Recruitment and retention of a diverse ethnic workforce in healthcare settings contribute to the provision of culturally competent care in multicultural contexts. Nevertheless, the work experiences of ethnic minority nurses, which impact the attractiveness of the occupation, job burnout and turnover intentions, are not well understood. The present exploratory research seeks to examine the work experiences of ethnic minority Arab nurses in Israeli public hospitals. Israel is an interesting case study as the number of Arab nurses operating in the Israeli workforce has risen significantly over recent decades; many of them work in mixed Jewish-Arab environments, which are affected by the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. METHODS In-depth interviews with 13 Arab nurses working in Israeli public hospitals. RESULTS The interviewed Arab nurses mentioned various benefits associated with the nursing profession, as well as various difficulties they encounter during their daily work, which are specific to them as ethnic minority nurses. They describe nursing as an occupation that offers numerous employment opportunities, job security, professional development and promotion. They believe that their work as a nurse contributes to the health of the Arab family and community and enhances culturally competent healthcare in Israeli hospitals. However, Arab nurses also feel they are stereotyped; they face disapproving looks, refusal to be treated by them, and incidences of hostility toward them. The dual experience of both integration and rejection shapes their coping strategies. CONCLUSIONS The findings can inform a more systematic study that could potentially examine both nurses' and patients' conceptions of multicultural care. Action should be taken to ensure optimal working conditions for Arab healthcare professionals. Institutional policies and actions are needed to cope with their unique difficulties, such as the appointment of a functionary responsible for minimizing and coping with stereotypical and hostile attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Keshet
- />Western Galilee Academic College, Acre, Israel
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Lok CE, Perazella MA, Choi MJ. American Society of Nephrology Quiz and Questionnaire 2015: ESRD/RRT. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 11:1313-1320. [PMID: 27094608 PMCID: PMC4934831 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.01280216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The Nephrology Quiz and Questionnaire remains an extremely popular session for attendees of the Annual Kidney Week Meeting of the American Society of Nephrology. During the 2015 meeting, the conference hall was once again overflowing with eager quiz participants. Topics covered by the experts included electrolyte and acid-base disorders, glomerular disease, ESRD and dialysis, and kidney transplantation. Complex cases representing each of these categories together with single best answer questions were prepared and submitted by the panel of experts. Before the meeting, training program directors of nephrology fellowship programs and nephrology fellows in the United States answered the questions through an internet-based questionnaire. During the live session, members of the audience tested their knowledge and judgment on the same series of case-oriented questions in a quiz. The audience compared their answers in real time using a cellphone application containing the answers of the nephrology fellows and training program directors. The results of the online questionnaire were displayed, and then, the quiz answers were discussed. As always, the audience, lecturers, and moderators enjoyed this highly educational session. This article recapitulates the session and reproduces selected content of educational value for the readers of the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology Enjoy the clinical cases and expert discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine E. Lok
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A. Perazella
- Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Michael J. Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Assari S, Moghani Lankarani M. Race and Gender Differences in Correlates of Death Anxiety Among Elderly in the United States. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci 2016; 10:e2024. [PMID: 27803717 PMCID: PMC5088440 DOI: 10.17795/ijpbs-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Death anxiety among elderly is a major public health concern. Few studies, however, have been conducted on factors associated with death anxiety. OBJECTIVES This study investigated race and gender differences in psychosocial correlates of death anxiety among elderly in the US. MATERIALS AND METHODS With a cross-sectional design, we used data of the Religion, Aging, and Health survey. 1,074 White and Black elderly (age > 65 years, 615 women, 359 men) were entered to this study. Demographic (age, gender, and race), socio-economic (family income, perceived financial difficulty), health (number of chronic medical conditions and self-rated health), and psychological (perceived control over life) factors were measured. Death anxiety was measured using four items. We used linear regressions to determine factors associated with death anxiety based on race and gender. RESULTS Although race and gender did not have main effects on death anxiety (P > 0.05), they altered correlates of death anxiety. Age was a predictor of death anxiety among women (B = 0.165, P = 0.002) but not men (B = 0.082, P = 0.196). Self-rated health was associated with death anxiety among Whites (B = - 0.120, P = 0.050) but not Blacks (B = - 0.077, P = 0.268). Total family income was only associated with death anxiety among White men. CONCLUSIONS Demographic, socio-economic, health, and psychological determinants of death anxiety in United States differ based on race, gender, and their intersection. Findings advocate that geriatric psychiatrists and gerontologists who wish to reduce death anxiety among elderly people may need to tailor their interventions to race and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture, and Health (CRECH), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Agudelo-Suárez AA, Martínez-Herrera E, Posada-López A, Rocha-Buelvas A. Ethnicity and Health in Colombia: What Do Self-Perceived Health Indicators Tell Us? Ethn Dis 2016; 26:147-56. [PMID: 27103764 DOI: 10.18865/ed.26.2.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare self-perceived health indicators between ethnic groups in Colombia. METHODS Cross-sectional study with data from the 2007 National Public Health Survey (ENSP-2007). Data from 57,617 people ≥18 years were used. Variables included: belonging to an ethnic group (exposure); self-rated health; mental health problems, injuries for accidents/violence (outcomes); sex, age, education level and occupation (explicative/control). A descriptive study was carried out of the explicative variables, and the prevalence of the outcomes was calculated according to ethnicity, education level and occupation. The association between the exposure variable and the outcomes was estimated by means of adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI using logistic regression. Analyses were conducted separately for men and women. RESULTS The prevalence of outcomes was higher in people reporting to belong to an ethnic group and differences were found by sex, ethnic groups and health outcomes. Women from the Palenquero group were more likely to report poor self-rated health (aOR 7.04; 95%CI 2.50-19.88) and injuries from accidents/violence (aOR 7.99; 95%CI 2.89-22.07). Indigenous men were more likely to report mental health problems (aOR 1.75; 95%CI 1.41-2.17). Gradients according to ethnicity, education, occupation and sex were found. CONCLUSIONS Minority ethnic groups are vulnerable to reporting poor health outcomes. Political actions are required to diminish health inequalities in these groups.
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Assari S, Moghani Lankarani M, Malekahmadi MR, Caldwell CH, Zimmerman M. Baseline Religion Involvement Predicts Subsequent Salivary Cortisol Levels Among Male But not Female Black Youth. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2015; 13:e31790. [PMID: 26633983 PMCID: PMC4659332 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.31790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to Whites, Blacks are exposed to higher levels of chronic stress in the United States. As a result, major Black-White differences exist in the baseline and response of cortisol. Yet, the potential association between baseline religiosity and subsequent cortisol levels of Blacks are not known. OBJECTIVES In the current study we aimed to determine the association between baseline religious behaviors and daytime salivary cortisol level among male and female Black youth. MATERIALS AND METHODS With a longitudinal design, data came from wave 1 (1994) and wave 6 (2000) of a cohort from an urban area in the Midwest of the United States. The study followed 227 Black adolescents (109 males and 118 females) for six years. Socio-demographics and religious behaviors (frequency of participation in religious activities) were measured at baseline. Base morning cortisol level at wave 6 was the outcome. We fitted a linear regression model to test the association between baseline religiosity at wave 1 and cortisol level at wave 6, while baseline age, socio-economics, and psychological symptoms were controlled. RESULTS In the pooled sample, frequency of participation in religious activities at baseline was negatively associated with mean cortisol level at follow up (r = -0.29, P > 0.01) among all, males (r = -0.38, P > 0.01), but not females (r = -.20, P > 0.05). Frequency of participation in religious activities remained a significant predictor of subsequent cortisol level (b = -0.283, 95% CI = -.107 - -0.022) while the effect of age, socioeconomics, and psychological symptoms were controlled. We could only find such an association among male Black youth (b = -0.368, 95% CI = -0.148 - -0.024) but not female Black youth (b = -0.229, 95% CI = -.113 - 0.011). CONCLUSIONS Religiosity has been used as a coping mechanism among Blacks. Religiosity may also be related to stress regulation among Black youth. Future studies need to test complex associations between race, sex, religiosity, chronic stress, coping, and function of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA). It is not known whether male Black youth who are and those who are not religious differently cope with stress associated with daily discrimination and living in disadvantaged neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Corresponding author: Shervin Assari, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. Tel: +1-7342320445, Fax: +1-7346158739, E-mail:
| | - Maryam Moghani Lankarani
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Medicine and Health Promotion Institute, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Cleopatra Howard Caldwell
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Marc Zimmerman
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Kheirallah KA, Liswi M, Alazab R, Bataineh Z, Alzyoud S, Alsulaiman J, Jaddou H. Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness and Control Levels among Ghawarna: An African-Descendant Ethnic Minority in the Jordan Valley. Ethn Dis 2015; 25:321-8. [PMID: 26676023 DOI: 10.18865/ed.25.3.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatment and control of hypertension (HTN) is a challenging issue as undiagnosed HTN prevalence seems to be high among certain ethnic groups, such as African-descendant populations. The current study attempted to measure HTN prevalence, awareness and control levels among Ghawarna, an African-descendant ethnic group living in the Jordan Valley (Al-Ghawr). DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A cross-sectional study was conducted in a community of Ghawarna between March and June 2013 in Ghawr Al-Mazraa Village in the southern part of the Jordan Valley. A total of 517 participants, aged >25 years, were randomly selected using cluster random sampling technique. MAIN MEASURES Data were collected using an interviewer-administrated questionnaire and on-location measurement of blood pressure (BP), height, and weight. Prevalence rates were compared by sex and age groups using chi-square test while backward selection logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of HTN. RESULTS We found 229 (44.3%) of the 517 participants had HTN. Of those 229 hypertensives, 146 (28.2%) participants were discovered to have HTN for the "first time." Only 23 of the 83 who were aware of their hypertension had their BP controlled. When we added the undiagnosed HTN (n=146) to the uncontrolled HTN (n=60), the prevalence of uncontrolled HTN became 90% (206/229). Older age, higher BMI, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia were associated with having HTN. CONCLUSIONS HTN prevalence, awareness and control levels are alarming among Ghawarna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A Kheirallah
- 1. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology
| | | | - Rami Alazab
- 3. Department of General Surgery and Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology
| | - Zeyad Bataineh
- 4. Department of Preventive Medicine, Royal Medical Services
| | - Sukaina Alzyoud
- 5. Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, the Hashemite University
| | | | - Hashem Jaddou
- 1. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology
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Bakhshi E, Koohpayehzadeh J, Seifi B, Rafei A, Biglarian A, Asgari F, Etemad K, Bidhendi Yarandi R. Obesity and Related Factors in Iran: The STEPS Survey, 2011. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2015; 17:e22479. [PMID: 26328062 PMCID: PMC4552963 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.17(6)2015.22479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background: To date, no study has addressed the association between race/ethnicity and obesity considering other sociodemographic and lifestyle factors in Iran. Objectives: The current study aimed to study lifestyle and the environmental factors affecting obesity in the Iranian subjects of the STEPS Survey, 2011. Patients and Methods: The study was conducted on 8639 subjects (aged ≥ 20 years) in the STEPS Survey 2011 in Iran under supervision of the World Health Organization (WHO). Height and body weight were measured following the standardized procedures. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) method was used to examine factors associated with obesity. The examined variables were age, gender, race/ethnicity, place of residence, employment status, physical activity, smoking status, and educational level. Results: Overall, 22.3% of the subjects were obese. In a GEE model, a healthy weight status among adults was associated with being younger, male, in a rural residence, employees, spending more time engaged in physical activity, being a smoker and having a moderate or high level of education. These associations were statistically significant after adjusting for other variables. Conclusions: The study results suggest a need for targeted interventions and continued surveillance for the Iranian adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enayatollah Bakhshi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Enayatollah Bakhshi, Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2122180146, E-mail:
| | - Jalil Koohpayehzadeh
- Center for Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Behjat Seifi
- Department of Physiology, Medicine School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Ali Rafei
- Center for Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Akbar Biglarian
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fereshteh Asgari
- Center for Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Koorosh Etemad
- Center for Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Razieh Bidhendi Yarandi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Merashli M, Jawad A. Paget's Disease of Bone among Various Ethnic Groups. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2015; 15:e22-e26. [PMID: 25685380 PMCID: PMC4318601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a relatively benign disease common among many European populations, including those in the UK, Italy and Spain. However, it appears to be rare among Scandinavians and non-European immigrants living in Europe. The prevalence among Asian populations may be underestimated because a large number of reported cases were discovered incidentally. There is a need for surveys addressing the prevalence rate and consequences of PDB to be carried out in various parts of the world, particularly Asia.
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Alaee E, Gharib MJ, Fouladinejad M. Penile length and anogenital distance in male newborns from different Iranian ethnicities in golestan province. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2014; 16:e16729. [PMID: 25763234 PMCID: PMC4341348 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.16729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anogenital distance (AGD) is a feasible and accepted parameter of exogenous or endogenous androgens effects on development of reproductive system. OBJECTIVES Since there is no report on penile length (PL) and AGD in our region, we investigated these parameters in male newborns in Golestan Province, Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we measured stretched PL and AGD in term newborns from different races in Dezyani Gynecologic Hospital of Gorgan, Iran. We also recorded the anthropometric parameters and maternal age. The data was analyzed using the SPSS 14. RESULTS Means of PL and AGD of 427 healthy term newborns were 32.1 ± 3.5 and 24.5 ± 2.5 mm, respectively. There was a positive correlation between PL and AGD (r = 0.097, P = 0.046). According to their ethnicity, there were 166 Fars (38.9%), 129 Turkmen (30.2%), and 132 Sistani (30.9%) infants with mean PL of respectively 31.8 ± 3.9, 32.3 ± 3.3, and 32.4 ± 3.3 mm and mean AGD of respectively 25 ± 2.5, 24.3 ± 2.5, and 24 ± 2.5 mm. One Fars neonate (0.23%) had micropenis (PL = 21.3 mm). CONCLUSIONS Using -2.5 standard deviations as the cutoff for micropenis, a newborn infant in Golestan Province with a PL of < 23.3 mm had micropenis; however, more investigations are needed to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Alaee
- Neonatal and Children’s Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IR Iran
| | | | - Mahnaz Fouladinejad
- Neonatal and Children’s Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Mahnaz Fouladinejad, Neonatal and Children’s Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-1715547680, E-mail:
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Kopel LS, Phipatanakul W, Gaffin JM. Social disadvantage and asthma control in children. Paediatr Respir Rev 2014; 15:256-62; quiz 262-3. [PMID: 24928775 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses various aspects of social disadvantage and their association with poor asthma control, including socioeconomic status, exposure to psychosocial stress and violence, minority affiliation, environmental concerns such as allergens and pollution, and poverty in rural settings. Each of these elements has been linked with worsened asthma outcomes in children. Known and hypothesized mechanisms behind these associations are described in an effort to further understand the complex entity of poorly controlled asthma among socially deprived children. Intervention studies to improve asthma outcomes in these vulnerable populations are also described.
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Assari S. Additive Effects of Anxiety and Depression on Body Mass Index among Blacks: Role of Ethnicity and Gender. Int Cardiovasc Res J 2014; 8:44-51. [PMID: 24936480 PMCID: PMC4058483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies on mental health associates of obesity have focused on depression and less is known about the role of anxiety in obesity. OBJECTIVES This study compared the additive effects of General Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) on Body Mass Index (BMI) across sub-populations of Blacks based on the intersection of ethnicity and gender. METHODS Data came from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL), 2001 - 2003. The participants consisted of 3,570 African Americans and 1,621 Caribbean Blacks. Twelve-month MDD and GAD were determined using the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Levels of BMI were categorized based on being equal to or larger than 25, 30, 35, and 40 kg/m(2). We fitted linear regression models specific for our groups, which were defined based on the intersection of ethnicity and gender. Additionally, age, education, marital status, employment, and region were controlled. RESULTS Among Caribbean Black men and African American women, lifetime GAD, but not MDD, was associated with high BMI. Among Caribbean Black women, lifetime MDD, but not GAD, was associated with high BMI. CONCLUSIONS Intersection of ethnicity and gender may determine how anxiety and depression are associated with BMI among Blacks. Sub-populations of Blacks (e.g. based on ethnicity and gender) may have specific mental health determinants or consequences of obesity. Future research should investigate how and why the additive effects of anxiety and depression on obesity vary across ethnic and gender groups of Blacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Athamneh LN, Sansgiry SS. Influenza vaccination in patients with diabetes: disparities in prevalence between African Americans and Whites. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2014; 12:410. [PMID: 25035719 PMCID: PMC4100953 DOI: 10.4321/s1886-36552014000200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with diabetes who contract influenza are at higher risk of complications, such as
hospitalization and death. Patients with diabetes are three times more likely to die from influenza
complications than those without diabetes. Racial disparities among patients with diabetes in
preventive health services have not been extensively studied. Objective To compare influenza vaccination rates among African Americans and Whites patients with diabetes
and investigate factors that might have an impact on racial disparities in the receipt of influenza
vaccinations. Methods A secondary data analysis of 47,283 (unweighted) patients with diabetes from the 2011 Behavioral
Risk Factor Surveillance System survey (BRFSS) (15,902,478 weighted) was performed. The survey
respondents were asked whether they received an influenza vaccination in the last twelve months. We
used logistic regression to estimate the odds of receiving the influenza vaccine based on race. Results The results indicated a significantly lower proportion of African Americans respondents
(50%) reported receiving the influenza vaccination in the last year when compared with Whites
respondents (61%). Age, gender, education, health care coverage, health care cost, and
employment status were found to significantly modify the effect of race on receiving the influenza
vaccination. Conclusions This study found a significant racial disparity in influenza vaccination rates in adults with
diabetes with higher rates in Whites compared to African Americans individuals. The public health
policies that target diabetes patients in general and specifically African Americans in the 65+ age
group, women, and homemakers, may be necessary to diminish the racial disparity in influenza
vaccination rates between African Americans and Whites diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqa N Athamneh
- Institute of Community Health, University of Houston, Texas Medical Center. Houston, TX ( United States ).
| | - Sujit S Sansgiry
- Institute of Community Health, University of Houston, Texas Medical Center. Houston, TX ( United States ).
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Assari S. Chronic Kidney Disease, Anxiety and Depression among American Blacks; Does Ethnicity Matter? Int J Travel Med Glob Health 2014; 2:133-139. [PMID: 31396544 PMCID: PMC6687323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to be associated with deterioration of mental health. However, it is clear that this link is over and beyond the effects of socio-economic factors and other medical conditions. This study had two aims: 1) to compare the association between CKD and general anxiety disorder (GAD) among the two major ethnic groups of American Blacks (e.g. African Americans and Caribbean Blacks), and 2) to compare the association between CKD and major depressive episode (MDE) between African Americans and Caribbean Blacks. METHODS We analyzed data from African Americans and Caribbean Blacks who participated in the National Survey of American Life (NSAL). Self-reported physician diagnosis of CKD was the independent variable. Outcomes were 12- month GAD and MDE measured by the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), a fully structured diagnostic interview. Ethnic-specific logistic regressions were used to determine the associations between CKD and 12- month GAD and MDE, after controlling for the effects of age, sex, educational level, and 13 other medical conditions. RESULTS Although CKD was positively associated with GAD and MDE in bivariate analysis, this association did not remain statistically significant in the multivariate analysis which controlled for socio-economic factors and other medical conditions. The study suggested that the main confounders for the association between CKD, GAD, and MDE vary based on ethnicity. For instance, the chronic medical condition that may play the role of confounder for the association between CKD and 12-month GAD among African Americans and Caribbean Blacks might be hypertension and heart disease, respectively. CONCLUSION Possible confounders of the associations between CKD and GAD and MDE among American Blacks vary by ethnicity. Further research is needed to determine the links between different types of CKD and poor mental health among American Blacks. Consideration of ethnicity might be important in evaluation and treatment of mental health problems among Black patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health (CRECH), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Palmgren PJ, Chandratilake M, Nilsson GH, Laksov KB. Is there a chilly climate? An educational environmental mixed method study in a chiropractic training institution. J Chiropr Educ 2013; 27:11-20. [PMID: 23518905 PMCID: PMC3604959 DOI: 10.7899/jce-12-015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The attitude towards gender in an educational environment has a significant impact on a student's behavior, sense of well-being, and academic performance. Our study aimed to explore the presence and extent of gender-related issues in a chiropractic undergraduate learning environment, which has been a scarcely researched topic in the literature. METHODS The Perceived Chilly Climate Scale (PCCS) was used as the initial tool for screening the gender issues among undergraduates. The issues identified were explored further with a series of focus group interviews. RESULTS The PCCS had an 83% response rate. The PCCS score (105/196) indicated the nonexistence of alarming gender-related issues. However, the PCCS score was significantly higher among female than male subjects, immigrants than nonimmigrants, and minorities than majority ethnic groups. Despite high ratings on the questionnaire quantitative findings, the focus groups indicated a good sense of equality, oppression-free environment, and no obvious signs of discrimination. CONCLUSION The educational environment of the institution concerned was conducive to equality. However, subtle but important gender-, ethnic-, and minority-related issues could be addressed to provide an enhanced educational environment to learners.
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Ramuscak NL, Jiang D, Dooling KL, Mowat DL. A population-level analysis of birth weight indices in Peel Region, Ontario: the impact of ethnic diversity. Can J Public Health 2012. [PMID: 23617990 DOI: 10.1007/bf03404443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the elevated rate of low birth weight (LBW) in the Region of Peel, Ontario can be attributed to the high proportion of immigrants in the population. In addition, we examined how the infant birth weight distribution in Peel differs by maternal region of birth. METHODS Provincial live birth registration data were used to compare rates of LBW, preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births in Peel and Ontario for the years 2002 through 2006 by maternal region of birth. Birth weight for gestational age curves were developed for singletons and were specific for infant sex and maternal region of birth using the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method. Quantile regression was used to examine whether the median birth weight at term (37 to 42 weeks) differed by maternal region of birth. RESULTS The rate of LBW was higher in Peel than in Ontario (6.8% and 6.0%, respectively). This is the result of a higher SGA rate and not due to differences in rates of preterm birth. Infants of immigrant mothers had significantly lower median birth weights at all gestations, showing that the birth weight distribution among infants of immigrant mothers is shifted towards lower birth weights. CONCLUSION At the population level, the shifted birth weight distribution among singleton infants of immigrant mothers has significant impact on the LBW rate observed in Peel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L Ramuscak
- Health Services, Regional Municipality of Peel, Mississauga, ON.
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Abstract
"It is the purpose of this paper to outline the migration, settlement and adjustment of Armenian immigrants in Australia. In particular, it will examine the background factors which have led to the migration patterns exhibited, the characteristics of this migration, Armenian settlement and relocation in Sydney, and the immigrants' occupational, social and psychological adjustment to Australian society. The data for the paper were obtained by means of a survey of the Sydney Armenian community, undertaken between October 1976 and July 1977." (summary in FRE, SPA)
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69
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Caulfield B, Bhat A. The Irish in Britain: intermarriage and fertility levels, 1971-1976. New community 2002; 9:73-83. [PMID: 12179832 DOI: 10.1080/1369183x.1981.9975664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
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70
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Waldinger R. From Ellis Island to LAX: immigrant prospects in the American city. Int Migr Rev 2002; 30:1,078-86. [PMID: 12347789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
"This article seeks to bring the ¿urban' back into immigration research. Each immigrant receiving area has its own particular group of newcomers, and the economic and political structures of the immigrant receiving areas are also distinctive. Those structures are not all determining, as immigrant trajectories are shaped by the interaction between distinctive urban institutions and the specific characteristics of the relevant ethnic groups. But in the last analysis, the urban context makes a difference, as this study shows by examining the leading [U.S.] immigrant destinations--New York and Los Angeles."
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71
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Demografie. [Integration of the Gypsy population in Czechoslovakia]. Demografie 1979; 21:321-42. [PMID: 12337971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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72
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Callan VJ. Anglo-Australian attitudes toward immigrants: a review of survey evidence. Int Migr Rev 2002; 17:120-37. [PMID: 12339120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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73
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Ackerhans M. Multicultural health promotion: are we getting it right? HIV - STDs. Entre Nous Cph Den 2002:15. [PMID: 12222294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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74
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Abstract
The literature on the psychosocial factors of abortion is critically reviewed. It is concluded that due to faulty methodology no general statements can be made about these factors for women receiving illegal abortions. It appears that the data showing that women receiving therapeutic abortions experienced favorable psychological conseuqences are stronger than the data indicating negative consequences. Studies of abortion on request, which, for the most part, have been methodologically sound, indicate that the new abortion patients are mostly young, unmarried women who are not in a social position to bear and care for a child. They tend to end their pregnancies for social and economic reasons. Further, they are either not aware of or not concerned about the possibility of getting pregnant at the time of intercourse, or they have a contraceptive failure. Finally, the psychological consequences of abortion on request appear to be mostly benign.
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75
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Robles RR, Matos TD, Colon HM, Marrero CA, Reyes JC. Effects of HIV testing and counseling on reducing HIV risk behavior among two ethnic groups. Drugs Soc (New York) 2002; 9:173-84. [PMID: 12348010 DOI: 10.1300/j023v09n01_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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76
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Chowdhury SM. Rakhaine community embraces family planning. Plan Parent Chall 2002:47-8. [PMID: 12345743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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77
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Singh GK, Kposowa AJ. A comparative analysis of infant mortality in major Ohio cities: significance of socio-biological factors. Appl Behav Sci Rev 2002; 2:77-94. [PMID: 12346273 DOI: 10.1016/1068-8595(94)90022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
"Using linked birth and infant death records for Ohio for the 1984-87 birth cohorts, this paper examines differentials in neonatal, postneonatal, and infant mortality rates in four major Ohio cities....It was found that, compared to Toledo, Cleveland had 51% higher risk of infant death, Cincinnati had 45% higher risk, [and] Columbus had 13% higher risk of infant death. Although in each of these cities, black infants had significantly higher risk of death than white infants, controlling for race alone reduced but did not eliminate the infant mortality differentials among the cities. The results of the hazards analyses reveal that maternal education, marital status, maternal age, birth order, prenatal care, gestational age, and birth weight had a profound net impact on the risk of infant death and that, even after controlling for these and other maternal and infant characteristics, significant city differentials persisted in infant mortality."
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78
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Hyer E. Dreams and nightmares: Chinese trade and immigration in the Russian Far East. J East Asian Aff 2002; 10:289-308. [PMID: 12292498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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79
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Perez L. The household structure of second-generation children: an exploratory study of extended family arrangements. Int Migr Rev 2002; 28:736-47. [PMID: 12319458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
"Using data from the Children of Immigrants Survey, the antecedents of extended family arrangements among [U.S.] immigrant households with children are examined. The incidence and form of such arrangements, especially the presence of grandparents, are analyzed in relation to single parenthood, national origin, cultural assimilation, and socioeconomic variables. The findings serve to underscore the complexity of the correlates of extended family arrangements. While there is a relationship with single parenthood, more research is needed on the economic basis for the presence of relatives in the household. The analysis uncovered the need to also treat presence of grandparents as an independent variable, especially in the cultural assimilation of children of immigrants."
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80
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Guest AM. The old-new distinction and naturalization: 1900. Int Migr Rev 2002; 14:492-510. [PMID: 12338207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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81
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Pankratova MG, Novitskaya AP, Susokolov AA. Socioethnic diversity of family structure. Sov Soc 2002; 21:41-64. [PMID: 12338889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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82
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Van Roy R. Undocumented migration to Venezuela. Int Migr Rev 2002; 18:541-57. [PMID: 12339922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
"In 1980 Venezuela took...steps to regularize the undocumented migrant population. While the number responding to the amnesty was small relative to expectations, the majority of illegals appeared to have regularized their status. For the first time it was possible to assess objectively the characteristics of the undocumented population. Moreover, the problem of illegal migrants seems to have been temporarily solved, a result of both the amnesty and the country's declining economic activity." Topics covered in the present article include the nationality, geographic distribution, sex and age distribution, educational status, and occupations of undocumented migrants.
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83
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Bean FD, Browning HL, Frisbie WP. The sociodemographic characteristics of Mexican immigrant status groups: implications for studying undocumented Mexicans. Int Migr Rev 2002; 18:672-91. [PMID: 12339928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
"Based on Warren and Passel's...estimate that nearly two-thirds of Mexican-born noncitizens entering the U.S. during 1975-80 and included in the 1980 Census are undocumented immigrants, this article uses the 1980 Public Use Microfiles to delineate four Mexican origin immigrant status groups--post 1975 Mexican-born noncitizens, pre-1975 Mexican-born noncitizens, self-reported naturalized citizens, and native-born Mexican-Americans." It is found that "the pattern of sociodemographic differences among these groups provides support for the idea that the first two categories contain a substantial fraction of undocumented immigrants. These two groups (especially the first) reveal characteristics that one would logically associate with undocumented immigrants--age concentration (in young adult years), high sex ratios, low education and income levels, and lack of English proficiency."
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84
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Latos CJ. Non-white migration patterns in northern metropolitan areas, 1960-1970: the interaction between economic and affinitive factors. Rev Black Polit Econ 2002; 13:5-19. [PMID: 12340195 DOI: 10.1007/bf02899910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
"The principal objective of this article is to investigate the determinants of variation in the growth of non-white populations attributable to migration across northern [U.S.] metropolitan areas during the 1960s." The investigation is done by means of a single equation framework model, which is applied to U.S. Bureau of the Census data. The results indicate that "the migration-related growth of non-white populations in northern metropolitan areas during the 1960s was...importantly and directly associated both with the level of employment opportunities as measured by the proportion of the non-white population of labor force age officially employed in the mainstream economy of an SMSA and with the SMSA rate of net migration occurring over the preceding 10-year period, which indicates the role of chain migration."
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85
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Sullivan TA. The occupational prestige of women immigrants: a comparison of Cubans and Mexicans. Int Migr Rev 2002; 18:1045-62. [PMID: 12340228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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86
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Simon RJ, Deley M. The work experience of undocumented Mexican migrants in Los Angeles. Int Migr Rev 2002; 18:1212-29. [PMID: 12340235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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87
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Murray J. Teen pregnancy: an international perspective. Plan Parent Rev 2002; 6:20-1. [PMID: 12340616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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88
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Bonilla Santiago G. Puerto Rican migrant farmworkers: an untold story. Migr World Mag 2002; 14:14-8. [PMID: 12341432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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89
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Gonzalez Quinones F, Perez-fuentes Hernandez P, Valverde Lamsfus L. [Households and families in poor neighborhoods of Havana in the nineteenth century. An approximation according to the 1861 census]. Bol Asoc Demogr Hist 2002; 16:87-133. [PMID: 12322112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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90
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Germany, Federal Republic of. Statistisches Bundesamt. [Marriages, divorces, births, and deaths of aliens, 1979]. Wirtsch Stat 1981;:95-8, 73*-4*. [PMID: 12178667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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91
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92
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93
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Kincaid DL, Yum JO, Woelfel J, Barnett GA. The cultural convergence of Korean immigrants in Hawaii: an empirical test of a mathematical theory. Qual Quant 2002; 18:59-78. [PMID: 12179573 DOI: 10.1007/bf00221451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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94
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Maneker JS, Rankin RP. Religious homogamy and marital duration among those who file for divorce in California, 1966-1971. J Divorce Remarriage 2002; 19:233-47. [PMID: 12179706 DOI: 10.1300/j087v19n01_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that having a common religion is associated with more stable marriages is tested using California data on divorce for the period 1966-1971. The results confirm the hypothesis, and the authors note that "religious homogamy among Jewish couples is associated with longer [marriage] duration than any other group. Couples who report no religious affiliation appear to be at greatest risk of early filing for divorce. The religious groupings include the Jewish, the Conservative Protestant, the Liberal Protestant, the Roman Catholic and those with no religious affiliation."
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95
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Veazey CW. Roe v. Wade. One step in the right direction. Conscience 2002; 18:38-9. [PMID: 12178891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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96
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Li S, Feldman MW. Sex differential of infant mortality in China: level and trend. Chin J Popul Sci 2002; 8:249-67. [PMID: 12320617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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97
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Czechoslovakia. Federalni Statisticky Urad. [Surveys]. Demografie 1981; 23:262-77. [PMID: 12338691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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98
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Sanders TG. Brazilian population 1982: growth, migration, race, religion. UFSI Rep 2002:1-15. [PMID: 12338986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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99
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Fligstein N. The transformation of southern agriculture and the migration of blacks and whites, 1930-1940. Int Migr Rev 2002; 17:268-90. [PMID: 12339133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The causes of the migration of both blacks and whites from the U.S. South between 1930 and 1940 are examined. The author challenges the hypothesis that the root cause of this migration was the mechanization of agriculture and suggests that the primary cause was the crisis in cotton farming that occurred during the depression of the 1930s. "Large farm owners secured aid from the federal government in the form of agricultural subsidy payments. In response to this program, they reduced their cotton acreage, bought tractors, and displaced their tenants. This transformation drastically reduced the need for tenant labor and brought about the large-scale migrations. Regression analyses of relevant data confirm this interpretation."
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100
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Berthomiere W. [The migration of Jews from the former Soviet Union: a new challenge for Israel?]. Rev Eur Migr Int 2002; 11:19-41. [PMID: 12347243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
"This article is a contribution to the knowledge on the migratory results stemming from the collapse of the communist bloc. Since 1989, more than half a million... Jews have left the former Soviet Union for Israel. Thus, the Jewish state [has become] one of the major countries [to feel] the effects of this important geopolitical event. So, in this contribution, we will try to expose, with the first results of research, the patterns of this migration and to answer the inherent questions in this kind of [problem]: who are these migrants and what are their motives? and what are the effects of this migration for this area...." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)
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