51
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Zuo Z, Billings T, Walker M, Petkov PM, Fordyce P, Stormo GD. On the dependent recognition of some long zinc finger proteins. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:5364-5376. [PMID: 36951113 PMCID: PMC10287918 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human genome contains about 800 C2H2 zinc finger proteins (ZFPs), and most of them are composed of long arrays of zinc fingers. Standard ZFP recognition model asserts longer finger arrays should recognize longer DNA-binding sites. However, recent experimental efforts to identify in vivo ZFP binding sites contradict this assumption, with many exhibiting short motifs. Here we use ZFY, CTCF, ZIM3, and ZNF343 as examples to address three closely related questions: What are the reasons that impede current motif discovery methods? What are the functions of those seemingly unused fingers and how can we improve the motif discovery algorithms based on long ZFPs' biophysical properties? Using ZFY, we employed a variety of methods and find evidence for 'dependent recognition' where downstream fingers can recognize some previously undiscovered motifs only in the presence of an intact core site. For CTCF, high-throughput measurements revealed its upstream specificity profile depends on the strength of its core. Moreover, the binding strength of the upstream site modulates CTCF's sensitivity to different epigenetic modifications within the core, providing new insight into how the previously identified intellectual disability-causing and cancer-related mutant R567W disrupts upstream recognition and deregulates the epigenetic control by CTCF. Our results establish that, because of irregular motif structures, variable spacing and dependent recognition between sub-motifs, the specificities of long ZFPs are significantly underestimated, so we developed an algorithm, ModeMap, to infer the motifs and recognition models of ZIM3 and ZNF343, which facilitates high-confidence identification of specific binding sites, including repeats-derived elements. With revised concept, technique, and algorithm, we can discover the overlooked specificities and functions of those 'extra' fingers, and therefore decipher their broader roles in human biology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zuo
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Polly M Fordyce
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, CA, USA
- Stanford ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Gary D Stormo
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA
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52
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Davey NE, Simonetti L, Ivarsson Y. The next wave of interactomics: Mapping the SLiM-based interactions of the intrinsically disordered proteome. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2023; 80:102593. [PMID: 37099901 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Short linear motifs (SLiMs) are a unique and ubiquitous class of protein interaction modules that perform key regulatory functions and drive dynamic complex formation. For decades, interactions mediated by SLiMs have accumulated through detailed low-throughput experiments. Recent methodological advances have opened this previously underexplored area of the human interactome to high-throughput protein-protein interaction discovery. In this article, we discuss that SLiM-based interactions represent a significant blind spot in the current interactomics data, introduce the key methods that are illuminating the elusive SLiM-mediated interactome of the human cell on a large scale, and discuss the implications for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman E Davey
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
| | - Leandro Simonetti
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ylva Ivarsson
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
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53
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Simonetti L, Nilsson J, McInerney G, Ivarsson Y, Davey NE. SLiM-binding pockets: an attractive target for broad-spectrum antivirals. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:420-427. [PMID: 36623987 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Short linear motif (SLiM)-mediated interactions offer a unique strategy for viral intervention due to their compact interfaces, ease of convergent evolution, and key functional roles. Consequently, many viruses extensively mimic host SLiMs to hijack or deregulate cellular pathways and the same motif-binding pocket is often targeted by numerous unrelated viruses. A toolkit of therapeutics targeting commonly mimicked SLiMs could provide prophylactic and therapeutic broad-spectrum antivirals and vastly improve our ability to treat ongoing and future viral outbreaks. In this opinion article, we discuss the therapeutic relevance of SLiMs, advocating their suitability as targets for broad-spectrum antiviral inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerald McInerney
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ylva Ivarsson
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Husargatan 3, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Norman E Davey
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK.
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54
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Choi JY, Lopes L, Ben Mamoun C, Voelker DR. Maturation of the malarial phosphatidylserine decarboxylase is mediated by high affinity binding to anionic phospholipids. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104659. [PMID: 36997087 PMCID: PMC10172927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine (PS) to form phosphatidylethanolamine by PS decarboxylases (PSDs) is an essential process in most eukaryotes. Processing of a malarial PSD proenzyme into its active alpha and beta subunits is by an autoendoproteolytic mechanism regulated by anionic phospholipids, with PS serving as an activator and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidic acid acting as inhibitors. The biophysical mechanism underlying this regulation remains unknown. We used solid phase lipid binding, liposome-binding assays, and surface plasmon resonance to examine the binding specificity of a processing-deficient Plasmodium PSD (PkPSDS308A) mutant enzyme and demonstrated that the PSD proenzyme binds strongly to PS and PG but not to phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. The equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) of PkPSD with PS and PG were 80.4 nM and 66.4 nM, respectively. The interaction of PSD with PS is inhibited by calcium, suggesting that the binding mechanism involves ionic interactions. In vitro processing of WT PkPSD proenzyme was also inhibited by calcium, consistent with the conclusion that PS binding to PkPSD through ionic interactions is required for the proenzyme processing. Peptide mapping identified polybasic amino acid motifs in the proenzyme responsible for binding to PS. Altogether, the data demonstrate that malarial PSD maturation is regulated through a strong physical association between PkPSD proenzyme and anionic lipids. Inhibition of the specific interaction between the proenzyme and the lipids can provide a novel mechanism to disrupt PSD enzyme activity, which has been suggested as a target for antimicrobials, and anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yeon Choi
- Basic Science Section, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lauren Lopes
- Basic Science Section, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Choukri Ben Mamoun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dennis R Voelker
- Basic Science Section, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.
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55
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Mihalič F, Simonetti L, Giudice G, Sander MR, Lindqvist R, Peters MBA, Benz C, Kassa E, Badgujar D, Inturi R, Ali M, Krystkowiak I, Sayadi A, Andersson E, Aronsson H, Söderberg O, Dobritzsch D, Petsalaki E, Överby AK, Jemth P, Davey NE, Ivarsson Y. Large-scale phage-based screening reveals extensive pan-viral mimicry of host short linear motifs. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2409. [PMID: 37100772 PMCID: PMC10132805 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses mimic host short linear motifs (SLiMs) to hijack and deregulate cellular functions. Studies of motif-mediated interactions therefore provide insight into virus-host dependencies, and reveal targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we describe the pan-viral discovery of 1712 SLiM-based virus-host interactions using a phage peptidome tiling the intrinsically disordered protein regions of 229 RNA viruses. We find mimicry of host SLiMs to be a ubiquitous viral strategy, reveal novel host proteins hijacked by viruses, and identify cellular pathways frequently deregulated by viral motif mimicry. Using structural and biophysical analyses, we show that viral mimicry-based interactions have similar binding strength and bound conformations as endogenous interactions. Finally, we establish polyadenylate-binding protein 1 as a potential target for broad-spectrum antiviral agent development. Our platform enables rapid discovery of mechanisms of viral interference and the identification of potential therapeutic targets which can aid in combating future epidemics and pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Mihalič
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leandro Simonetti
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Girolamo Giudice
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Marie Rubin Sander
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 591, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90186, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marie Berit Akpiroro Peters
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90186, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Caroline Benz
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eszter Kassa
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dilip Badgujar
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Raviteja Inturi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Izabella Krystkowiak
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ahmed Sayadi
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Andersson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna Aronsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ola Söderberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 591, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Doreen Dobritzsch
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Evangelia Petsalaki
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Anna K Överby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90186, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Jemth
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Norman E Davey
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
| | - Ylva Ivarsson
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
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56
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Shrock EL, Timms RT, Kula T, Mena EL, West AP, Guo R, Lee IH, Cohen AA, McKay LGA, Bi C, Keerti, Leng Y, Fujimura E, Horns F, Li M, Wesemann DR, Griffiths A, Gewurz BE, Bjorkman PJ, Elledge SJ. Germline-encoded amino acid-binding motifs drive immunodominant public antibody responses. Science 2023; 380:eadc9498. [PMID: 37023193 PMCID: PMC10273302 DOI: 10.1126/science.adc9498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the vast diversity of the antibody repertoire, infected individuals often mount antibody responses to precisely the same epitopes within antigens. The immunological mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon remain unknown. By mapping 376 immunodominant "public epitopes" at high resolution and characterizing several of their cognate antibodies, we concluded that germline-encoded sequences in antibodies drive recurrent recognition. Systematic analysis of antibody-antigen structures uncovered 18 human and 21 partially overlapping mouse germline-encoded amino acid-binding (GRAB) motifs within heavy and light V gene segments that in case studies proved critical for public epitope recognition. GRAB motifs represent a fundamental component of the immune system's architecture that promotes recognition of pathogens and leads to species-specific public antibody responses that can exert selective pressure on pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L. Shrock
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard T. Timms
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tomasz Kula
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Present address: Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Elijah L. Mena
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anthony P. West
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Rui Guo
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - I-Hsiu Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alexander A. Cohen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Lindsay G. A. McKay
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Caihong Bi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Keerti
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yumei Leng
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric Fujimura
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Felix Horns
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Applied Physics, Chan Zuckerberg Biohub and Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mamie Li
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Duane R. Wesemann
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139 USA
| | - Anthony Griffiths
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Benjamin E. Gewurz
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Graduate Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pamela J. Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Stephen J. Elledge
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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57
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Zeng Y, Li B, Huang S, Li H, Cao W, Chen Y, Liu G, Li Z, Yang C, Feng L, Gao J, Lo SW, Zhao J, Shen J, Guo Y, Gao C, Dagdas Y, Jiang L. The plant unique ESCRT component FREE1 regulates autophagosome closure. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1768. [PMID: 36997511 PMCID: PMC10063618 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can activate autophagy when cellular energy production becomes compromised. However, the degree to which nutrient sensing impinges on the autophagosome closure remains unknown. Here, we provide the mechanism underlying a plant unique protein FREE1, upon autophagy-induced SnRK1α1-mediated phosphorylation, functions as a linkage between ATG conjugation system and ESCRT machinery to regulate the autophagosome closure upon nutrient deprivation. Using high-resolution microscopy, 3D-electron tomography, and protease protection assay, we showed that unclosed autophagosomes accumulated in free1 mutants. Proteomic, cellular and biochemical analysis revealed the mechanistic connection between FREE1 and the ATG conjugation system/ESCRT-III complex in regulating autophagosome closure. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that the evolutionary conserved plant energy sensor SnRK1α1 phosphorylates FREE1 and recruits it to the autophagosomes to promote closure. Mutagenesis of the phosphorylation site on FREE1 caused the autophagosome closure failure. Our findings unveil how cellular energy sensing pathways regulate autophagosome closure to maintain cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglun Zeng
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baiying Li
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuxian Huang
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhan Cao
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guoyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenping Li
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiayang Gao
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sze Wan Lo
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jierui Zhao
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University at Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Caiji Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yasin Dagdas
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Liwen Jiang
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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58
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Graul M, Karska N, Wąchalska M, Krupa P, Ślusarz MJ, Lubocki M, Bieńkowska-Szewczyk K, Rodziewicz-Motowidło S, Sieradzan AK, Lipińska AD. The N-terminal Proline Hinge Motif Controls the Structure of Bovine Herpesvirus 1-encoded Inhibitor of the Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing Required for its Immunomodulatory Function. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:167964. [PMID: 36646375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.167964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to unique features, proline residues may control protein structure and function. Here, we investigated the role of 52PPQ54 residues, indicated by the recently established experimental 3D structure of bovine herpesvirus 1-encoded UL49.5 protein as forming a characteristic proline hinge motif in its N-terminal domain. UL49.5 acts as a potent inhibitor of the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), which alters the antiviral immune response. Mechanisms employed by UL49.5 to affect TAP remain undetermined on a molecular level. We found that mutations in the 52PPQ54 region had a vast impact on its immunomodulatory function, increasing cell surface MHC class I expression, TAP levels, and peptide transport efficiency. This inhibitory effect was specific for UL49.5 activity towards TAP but not towards the viral glycoprotein M. To get an insight into the impact of proline hinge modifications on structure and dynamics, we performed all-atom and coarse-grained molecular dynamics studies on the native protein and PPQ mutants. The results demonstrated that the proline hinge sequence with its highly rigid conformation served as an anchor into the membrane. This anchor was responsible for the structural and dynamical behavior of the whole protein, constraining the mobility of the C-terminus, increasing the mobility of the transmembrane region, and controlling the accessibility of the C-terminal residues to the cytoplasmic environment. Those features appear crucial for TAP binding and inhibition. Our findings significantly advance the structural understanding of the UL49.5 protein and its functional regions and support the importance of proline motifs for the protein structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Graul
- Laboratory of Virus Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Karska
- Laboratory of Virus Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland; Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magda Wąchalska
- Laboratory of Virus Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paweł Krupa
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena J Ślusarz
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marcin Lubocki
- Laboratory of Virus Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krystyna Bieńkowska-Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Virus Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Adam K Sieradzan
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Andrea D Lipińska
- Laboratory of Virus Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Ibrahim T, Khandare V, Mirkin FG, Tumtas Y, Bubeck D, Bozkurt TO. AlphaFold2-multimer guided high-accuracy prediction of typical and atypical ATG8-binding motifs. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3001962. [PMID: 36753519 PMCID: PMC9907853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an intracellular degradation process central to cellular homeostasis and defense against pathogens in eukaryotic cells. Regulation of autophagy relies on hierarchical binding of autophagy cargo receptors and adaptors to ATG8/LC3 protein family members. Interactions with ATG8/LC3 are typically facilitated by a conserved, short linear sequence, referred to as the ATG8/LC3 interacting motif/region (AIM/LIR), present in autophagy adaptors and receptors as well as pathogen virulence factors targeting host autophagy machinery. Since the canonical AIM/LIR sequence can be found in many proteins, identifying functional AIM/LIR motifs has proven challenging. Here, we show that protein modelling using Alphafold-Multimer (AF2-multimer) identifies both canonical and atypical AIM/LIR motifs with a high level of accuracy. AF2-multimer can be modified to detect additional functional AIM/LIR motifs by using protein sequences with mutations in primary AIM/LIR residues. By combining protein modelling data from AF2-multimer with phylogenetic analysis of protein sequences and protein-protein interaction assays, we demonstrate that AF2-multimer predicts the physiologically relevant AIM motif in the ATG8-interacting protein 2 (ATI-2) as well as the previously uncharacterized noncanonical AIM motif in ATG3 from potato (Solanum tuberosum). AF2-multimer also identified the AIM/LIR motifs in pathogen-encoded virulence factors that target ATG8 members in their plant and human hosts, revealing that cross-kingdom ATG8-LIR/AIM associations can also be predicted by AF2-multimer. We conclude that the AF2-guided discovery of autophagy adaptors/receptors will substantially accelerate our understanding of the molecular basis of autophagy in all biological kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarhan Ibrahim
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Virendrasinh Khandare
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Biochemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Federico Gabriel Mirkin
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- INGEBI-CONICET, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yasin Tumtas
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Doryen Bubeck
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (DB); (TOB)
| | - Tolga O. Bozkurt
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (DB); (TOB)
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60
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Yang X, Garner LI, Zvyagin IV, Paley MA, Komech EA, Jude KM, Zhao X, Fernandes RA, Hassman LM, Paley GL, Savvides CS, Brackenridge S, Quastel MN, Chudakov DM, Bowness P, Yokoyama WM, McMichael AJ, Gillespie GM, Garcia KC. Autoimmunity-associated T cell receptors recognize HLA-B*27-bound peptides. Nature 2022; 612:771-777. [PMID: 36477533 PMCID: PMC10511244 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human leucocyte antigen B*27 (HLA-B*27) is strongly associated with inflammatory diseases of the spine and pelvis (for example, ankylosing spondylitis (AS)) and the eye (that is, acute anterior uveitis (AAU))1. How HLA-B*27 facilitates disease remains unknown, but one possible mechanism could involve presentation of pathogenic peptides to CD8+ T cells. Here we isolated orphan T cell receptors (TCRs) expressing a disease-associated public β-chain variable region-complementary-determining region 3β (BV9-CDR3β) motif2-4 from blood and synovial fluid T cells from individuals with AS and from the eye in individuals with AAU. These TCRs showed consistent α-chain variable region (AV21) chain pairing and were clonally expanded in the joint and eye. We used HLA-B*27:05 yeast display peptide libraries to identify shared self-peptides and microbial peptides that activated the AS- and AAU-derived TCRs. Structural analysis revealed that TCR cross-reactivity for peptide-MHC was rooted in a shared binding motif present in both self-antigens and microbial antigens that engages the BV9-CDR3β TCRs. These findings support the hypothesis that microbial antigens and self-antigens could play a pathogenic role in HLA-B*27-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lee I Garner
- NDM Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Immuno-oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ivan V Zvyagin
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Genomics of Adaptive Immunity Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Michael A Paley
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ekaterina A Komech
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Genomics of Adaptive Immunity Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Kevin M Jude
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ricardo A Fernandes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lynn M Hassman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Grace L Paley
- Department of Ophthalmology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christina S Savvides
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Simon Brackenridge
- NDM Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Immuno-oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Max N Quastel
- NDM Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Immuno-oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dmitriy M Chudakov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Genomics of Adaptive Immunity Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Paul Bowness
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Muscuoskeletal Science (NDORMS), Botnar Research Center, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wayne M Yokoyama
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Andrew J McMichael
- NDM Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Centre for Immuno-oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Geraldine M Gillespie
- NDM Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Centre for Immuno-oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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61
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Pillay N, Mariotti L, Zaleska M, Inian O, Jessop M, Hibbs S, Desfosses A, Hopkins PCR, Templeton CM, Beuron F, Morris EP, Guettler S. Structural basis of tankyrase activation by polymerization. Nature 2022; 612:162-169. [PMID: 36418402 PMCID: PMC9712121 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase tankyrase (TNKS, TNKS2) controls a wide range of disease-relevant cellular processes, including WNT-β-catenin signalling, telomere length maintenance, Hippo signalling, DNA damage repair and glucose homeostasis1,2. This has incentivized the development of tankyrase inhibitors. Notwithstanding, our knowledge of the mechanisms that control tankyrase activity has remained limited. Both catalytic and non-catalytic functions of tankyrase depend on its filamentous polymerization3-5. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of a filament formed by a minimal active unit of tankyrase, comprising the polymerizing sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain and its adjacent catalytic domain. The SAM domain forms a novel antiparallel double helix, positioning the protruding catalytic domains for recurring head-to-head and tail-to-tail interactions. The head interactions are highly conserved among tankyrases and induce an allosteric switch in the active site within the catalytic domain to promote catalysis. Although the tail interactions have a limited effect on catalysis, they are essential to tankyrase function in WNT-β-catenin signalling. This work reveals a novel SAM domain polymerization mode, illustrates how supramolecular assembly controls catalytic and non-catalytic functions, provides important structural insights into the regulation of a non-DNA-dependent poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase and will guide future efforts to modulate tankyrase and decipher its contribution to disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Pillay
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
| | - Laura Mariotti
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
| | - Mariola Zaleska
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
| | - Oviya Inian
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
| | - Matthew Jessop
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
| | - Sam Hibbs
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
| | - Ambroise Desfosses
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Paul C R Hopkins
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
| | - Catherine M Templeton
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
| | - Fabienne Beuron
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
| | - Edward P Morris
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
| | - Sebastian Guettler
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK.
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK.
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62
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Fenton M, Borcherds W, Chen L, Anbanandam A, Levy R, Chen J, Daughdrill G. The MDMX Acidic Domain Uses Allovalency to Bind Both p53 and MDMX. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167844. [PMID: 36181774 PMCID: PMC9644833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Autoinhibition of p53 binding to MDMX requires two short-linear motifs (SLiMs) containing adjacent tryptophan (WW) and tryptophan-phenylalanine (WF) residues. NMR spectroscopy was used to show the WW and WF motifs directly compete for the p53 binding site on MDMX and circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to show the WW motif becomes helical when it is bound to the p53 binding domain (p53BD) of MDMX. Binding studies using isothermal titration calorimetry showed the WW motif is a stronger inhibitor of p53 binding than the WF motif when they are both tethered to p53BD by the natural disordered linker. We also investigated how the WW and WF motifs interact with the DNA binding domain (DBD) of p53. Both motifs bind independently to similar sites on DBD that overlap the DNA binding site. Taken together our work defines a model for complex formation between MDMX and p53 where a pair of disordered SLiMs bind overlapping sites on both proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malissa Fenton
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Wade Borcherds
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Lihong Chen
- Molecular Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Asokan Anbanandam
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Robin Levy
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Jiandong Chen
- Molecular Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Gary Daughdrill
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States.
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63
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Greve JM, Cowan JA. Activity and Synergy of Cu-ATCUN Antimicrobial Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214151. [PMID: 36430622 PMCID: PMC9692552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance demands innovative strategies and therapies. The pairs of antimicrobial peptides tested in this work show broad-spectrum synergy and are capable of interacting with diverse bacterial membranes. In most cases, the ATCUN motif enhanced the activity of peptides tested in combination. Our studies also show CP10A to be a multifaceted peptide, displaying both cell membrane and intracellular activity and acting as a chameleon, improving the activity of other peptides as needed. The results of the synergy experiments demonstrate the importance of varied modes of action and how these changes can affect the ability to combat pathogens, while also illustrating the value of the metal-binding domain in enhancing the activity of antimicrobial peptides in combination.
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64
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Liu Y, Xu P, Rivara S, Liu C, Ricci J, Ren X, Hurley JH, Ablasser A. Clathrin-associated AP-1 controls termination of STING signalling. Nature 2022; 610:761-767. [PMID: 36261523 PMCID: PMC9605868 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05354-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) functions downstream of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase in DNA sensing or as a direct receptor for bacterial cyclic dinucleotides and small molecules to activate immunity during infection, cancer and immunotherapy1-10. Precise regulation of STING is essential to ensure balanced immune responses and prevent detrimental autoinflammation11-16. After activation, STING, a transmembrane protein, traffics from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, where its phosphorylation by the protein kinase TBK1 enables signal transduction17-20. The mechanism that ends STING signalling at the Golgi remains unknown. Here we show that adaptor protein complex 1 (AP-1) controls the termination of STING-dependent immune activation. We find that AP-1 sorts phosphorylated STING into clathrin-coated transport vesicles for delivery to the endolysosomal system, where STING is degraded21. We identify a highly conserved dileucine motif in the cytosolic C-terminal tail (CTT) of STING that, together with TBK1-dependent CTT phosphorylation, dictates the AP-1 engagement of STING. A cryo-electron microscopy structure of AP-1 in complex with phosphorylated STING explains the enhanced recognition of TBK1-activated STING. We show that suppression of AP-1 exacerbates STING-induced immune responses. Our results reveal a structural mechanism of negative regulation of STING and establish that the initiation of signalling is inextricably associated with its termination to enable transient activation of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pengbiao Xu
- Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Rivara
- Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chong Liu
- Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Ricci
- Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xuefeng Ren
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - James H Hurley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Ablasser
- Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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65
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Förderer A, Li E, Lawson AW, Deng YN, Sun Y, Logemann E, Zhang X, Wen J, Han Z, Chang J, Chen Y, Schulze-Lefert P, Chai J. A wheat resistosome defines common principles of immune receptor channels. Nature 2022; 610:532-539. [PMID: 36163289 PMCID: PMC9581773 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05231-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) detect pathogen effectors to trigger immune responses1. Indirect recognition of a pathogen effector by the dicotyledonous Arabidopsis thaliana coiled-coil domain containing NLR (CNL) ZAR1 induces the formation of a large hetero-oligomeric protein complex, termed the ZAR1 resistosome, which functions as a calcium channel required for ZAR1-mediated immunity2-4. Whether the resistosome and channel activities are conserved among plant CNLs remains unknown. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the wheat CNL Sr355 in complex with the effector AvrSr356 of the wheat stem rust pathogen. Direct effector binding to the leucine-rich repeats of Sr35 results in the formation of a pentameric Sr35-AvrSr35 complex, which we term the Sr35 resistosome. Wheat Sr35 and Arabidopsis ZAR1 resistosomes bear striking structural similarities, including an arginine cluster in the leucine-rich repeats domain not previously recognized as conserved, which co-occurs and forms intramolecular interactions with the 'EDVID' motif in the coiled-coil domain. Electrophysiological measurements show that the Sr35 resistosome exhibits non-selective cation channel activity. These structural insights allowed us to generate new variants of closely related wheat and barley orphan NLRs that recognize AvrSr35. Our data support the evolutionary conservation of CNL resistosomes in plants and demonstrate proof of principle for structure-based engineering of NLRs for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Förderer
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ertong Li
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aaron W Lawson
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ya-Nan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Elke Logemann
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifu Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Henan Normal University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | | | - Jijie Chai
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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66
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Kwon JJ, Hajian B, Bian Y, Young LC, Amor AJ, Fuller JR, Fraley CV, Sykes AM, So J, Pan J, Baker L, Lee SJ, Wheeler DB, Mayhew DL, Persky NS, Yang X, Root DE, Barsotti AM, Stamford AW, Perry CK, Burgin A, McCormick F, Lemke CT, Hahn WC, Aguirre AJ. Structure-function analysis of the SHOC2-MRAS-PP1C holophosphatase complex. Nature 2022; 609:408-415. [PMID: 35831509 PMCID: PMC9694338 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04928-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-RAS signalling through the downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade regulates cell proliferation and survival. The SHOC2-MRAS-PP1C holophosphatase complex functions as a key regulator of RTK-RAS signalling by removing an inhibitory phosphorylation event on the RAF family of proteins to potentiate MAPK signalling1. SHOC2 forms a ternary complex with MRAS and PP1C, and human germline gain-of-function mutations in this complex result in congenital RASopathy syndromes2-5. However, the structure and assembly of this complex are poorly understood. Here we use cryo-electron microscopy to resolve the structure of the SHOC2-MRAS-PP1C complex. We define the biophysical principles of holoenzyme interactions, elucidate the assembly order of the complex, and systematically interrogate the functional consequence of nearly all of the possible missense variants of SHOC2 through deep mutational scanning. We show that SHOC2 binds PP1C and MRAS through the concave surface of the leucine-rich repeat region and further engages PP1C through the N-terminal disordered region that contains a cryptic RVXF motif. Complex formation is initially mediated by interactions between SHOC2 and PP1C and is stabilized by the binding of GTP-loaded MRAS. These observations explain how mutant versions of SHOC2 in RASopathies and cancer stabilize the interactions of complex members to enhance holophosphatase activity. Together, this integrative structure-function model comprehensively defines key binding interactions within the SHOC2-MRAS-PP1C holophosphatase complex and will inform therapeutic development .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Kwon
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Behnoush Hajian
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuemin Bian
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lucy C Young
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alvaro J Amor
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Cara V Fraley
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Abbey M Sykes
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan So
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joshua Pan
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura Baker
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sun Joo Lee
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Douglas B Wheeler
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David L Mayhew
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicole S Persky
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David E Root
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anthony M Barsotti
- Deerfield Discovery and Development, Deerfield Management, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew W Stamford
- Deerfield Discovery and Development, Deerfield Management, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles K Perry
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alex Burgin
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Frank McCormick
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Christopher T Lemke
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - William C Hahn
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Andrew J Aguirre
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Wu G, Jia Z, Rui P, Zheng H, Lu Y, Lin L, Peng J, Rao S, Wang A, Chen J, Yan F. Acidic dileucine motifs in the cylindrical inclusion protein of turnip mosaic virus are crucial for endosomal targeting and viral replication. Mol Plant Pathol 2022; 23:1381-1389. [PMID: 35611885 PMCID: PMC9366067 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previously we reported that the multifunctional cylindrical inclusion (CI) protein of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is targeted to endosomes through the interaction with the medium subunit of adaptor protein complex 2 (AP2β), which is essential for viral infection. Although several functionally important regions in the CI have been identified, little is known about the determinant(s) for endosomal trafficking. The CI protein contains seven conserved acidic dileucine motifs [(D/E)XXXL(L/I)] typical of endocytic sorting signals recognized by AP2β. Here, we selected five motifs for further study and identified that they all were located in the regions of CI interacting with AP2β. Coimmunoprecipitation assays revealed that alanine substitutions in the each of these acidic dileucine motifs decreased binding with AP2β. Moreover, these CI mutants also showed decreased accumulation of punctate bodies, which enter endocytic-tracking styryl-stained endosomes. The mutations were then introduced into a full-length infectious clone of TuMV, and each mutant had reduced viral replication and systemic infection. The data suggest that the acidic dileucine motifs in CI are indispensable for interacting with AP2β for efficient viral replication. This study provides new insights into the role of endocytic sorting motifs in the intracellular movement of viral proteins for replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐Products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Zhaoxing Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐Products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Penghuan Rui
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐Products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐Products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐Products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐Products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Jiejun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐Products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Shaofei Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐Products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐Products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐Products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
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Mondal AK, Sengupta N, Singh M, Biswas R, Lata K, Lahiri I, Dutta S, Chattopadhyay K. Glu289 residue in the pore-forming motif of Vibrio cholerae cytolysin is important for efficient β-barrel pore formation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102441. [PMID: 36055404 PMCID: PMC9520032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae cytolysin (VCC) is a potent membrane-damaging β-barrel pore-forming toxin (β-PFT). Upon binding to the target membranes, VCC monomers first assemble into oligomeric pre-pore intermediates, and subsequently transform into transmembrane β-barrel pores. VCC harbors a designated pore-forming motif, which, during oligomeric pore formation, inserts into the membrane and generates a transmembrane β-barrel scaffold. It remains an enigma how the molecular architecture of the pore-forming motif regulates the VCC pore-formation mechanism. Here, we show that a specific pore-forming motif residue, E289, plays crucial regulatory roles in the pore-formation mechanism of VCC. We find that the mutation of E289A drastically compromises pore-forming activity, without affecting the structural integrity and membrane-binding potential of the toxin monomers. Although our single-particle cryo-EM analysis reveals wild type-like oligomeric β-barrel pore formation by E289A-VCC in the membrane, we demonstrate that the mutant shows severely delayed kinetics in terms of pore-forming ability that can be rescued with elevated temperature conditions. We find that the pore-formation efficacy of E289A-VCC appears to be more profoundly dependent on temperature as compared to that of the wild type toxin. Our results suggest that the E289A mutation traps membrane-bound toxin molecules in the pre-pore-like intermediate state that is hindered from converting into the functional β-barrel pores by a large energy barrier, thus highlighting the importance of this residue for the pore-formation mechanism of VCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Kumar Mondal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Manauli, Punjab, India
| | - Nayanika Sengupta
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Mahendra Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Manauli, Punjab, India
| | - Rupam Biswas
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Kusum Lata
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Manauli, Punjab, India
| | - Indrajit Lahiri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Manauli, Punjab, India
| | - Somnath Dutta
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Kausik Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Manauli, Punjab, India.
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Hervouet K, Ferrié M, Ankavay M, Montpellier C, Camuzet C, Alexandre V, Dembélé A, Lecoeur C, Foe AT, Bouquet P, Hot D, Vausselin T, Saliou JM, Salomé-Desnoulez S, Vandeputte A, Marsollier L, Brodin P, Dreux M, Rouillé Y, Dubuisson J, Aliouat-Denis CM, Cocquerel L. An Arginine-Rich Motif in the ORF2 capsid protein regulates the hepatitis E virus lifecycle and interactions with the host cell. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010798. [PMID: 36007070 PMCID: PMC9451086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. Hepatitis E is usually asymptomatic and self-limiting but it can become chronic in immunocompromised patients and is associated with increased fulminant hepatic failure and mortality rates in pregnant women. HEV genome encodes three proteins including the ORF2 protein that is the viral capsid protein. Interestingly, HEV produces 3 isoforms of the ORF2 capsid protein which are partitioned in different subcellular compartments and perform distinct functions in the HEV lifecycle. Notably, the infectious ORF2 (ORF2i) protein is the structural component of virions, whereas the genome-free secreted and glycosylated ORF2 proteins likely act as a humoral immune decoy. Here, by using a series of ORF2 capsid protein mutants expressed in the infectious genotype 3 p6 HEV strain as well as chimeras between ORF2 and the CD4 glycoprotein, we demonstrated how an Arginine-Rich Motif (ARM) located in the ORF2 N-terminal region controls the fate and functions of ORF2 isoforms. We showed that the ARM controls ORF2 nuclear translocation likely to promote regulation of host antiviral responses. This motif also regulates the dual topology and functionality of ORF2 signal peptide, leading to the production of either cytosolic infectious ORF2i or reticular non-infectious glycosylated ORF2 forms. It serves as maturation site of glycosylated ORF2 by furin, and promotes ORF2-host cell membrane interactions. The identification of ORF2 ARM as a unique central regulator of the HEV lifecycle uncovers how viruses settle strategies to condense their genetic information and hijack cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Hervouet
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Martin Ferrié
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Maliki Ankavay
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claire Montpellier
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Charline Camuzet
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Virginie Alexandre
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Aïcha Dembélé
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cécile Lecoeur
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Arnold Thomas Foe
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Peggy Bouquet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR2014 - US41 - PLBS-Plateformes Lilloises de Biologie & Santé, Lille, France
| | - David Hot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR2014 - US41 - PLBS-Plateformes Lilloises de Biologie & Santé, Lille, France
| | - Thibaut Vausselin
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Michel Saliou
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR2014 - US41 - PLBS-Plateformes Lilloises de Biologie & Santé, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Salomé-Desnoulez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR2014 - US41 - PLBS-Plateformes Lilloises de Biologie & Santé, Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Vandeputte
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR2014 - US41 - PLBS-Plateformes Lilloises de Biologie & Santé, Lille, France
| | - Laurent Marsollier
- Université d’Angers, Nantes Université, INSERM, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302, Angers, France
| | - Priscille Brodin
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR2014 - US41 - PLBS-Plateformes Lilloises de Biologie & Santé, Lille, France
| | - Marlène Dreux
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm-U1111, CNRS-UMR5308, ENS-Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Yves Rouillé
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean Dubuisson
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cécile-Marie Aliouat-Denis
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Laurence Cocquerel
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- * E-mail:
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70
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Rethi-Nagy Z, Abraham E, Udvardy K, Klement E, Darula Z, Pal M, Katona RL, Tubak V, Pali T, Kota Z, Sinka R, Udvardy A, Lipinszki Z. STABILON, a Novel Sequence Motif That Enhances the Expression and Accumulation of Intracellular and Secreted Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158168. [PMID: 35897744 PMCID: PMC9332151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic balance of transcriptional and translational regulation together with degron-controlled proteolysis shapes the ever-changing cellular proteome. While a large variety of degradation signals has been characterized, our knowledge of cis-acting protein motifs that can in vivo stabilize otherwise short-lived proteins is very limited. We have identified and characterized a conserved 13-mer protein segment derived from the p54/Rpn10 ubiquitin receptor subunit of the Drosophila 26S proteasome, which fulfills all the characteristics of a protein stabilization motif (STABILON). Attachment of STABILON to various intracellular as well as medically relevant secreted model proteins resulted in a significant increase in their cellular or extracellular concentration in mammalian cells. We demonstrate that STABILON acts as a universal and dual function motif that, on the one hand, increases the concentration of the corresponding mRNAs and, on the other hand, prevents the degradation of short-lived fusion proteins. Therefore, STABILON may lead to a breakthrough in biomedical recombinant protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Rethi-Nagy
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, MTA SZBK Lendület Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, ELKH, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.R.-N.); (E.A.); (K.U.); (M.P.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Abraham
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, MTA SZBK Lendület Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, ELKH, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.R.-N.); (E.A.); (K.U.); (M.P.)
| | - Katalin Udvardy
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, MTA SZBK Lendület Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, ELKH, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.R.-N.); (E.A.); (K.U.); (M.P.)
| | - Eva Klement
- Single Cell Omics Advanced Core Facility, Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine (HCEMM), H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (E.K.); (Z.D.)
- Biological Research Centre, Laboratory of Proteomics Research, ELKH, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Darula
- Single Cell Omics Advanced Core Facility, Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine (HCEMM), H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (E.K.); (Z.D.)
- Biological Research Centre, Laboratory of Proteomics Research, ELKH, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Margit Pal
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, MTA SZBK Lendület Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, ELKH, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.R.-N.); (E.A.); (K.U.); (M.P.)
| | | | - Vilmos Tubak
- Creative Laboratory Ltd., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Tibor Pali
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, ELKH, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (T.P.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zoltan Kota
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, ELKH, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (T.P.); (Z.K.)
| | - Rita Sinka
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (A.U.); (Z.L.)
| | - Andor Udvardy
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, MTA SZBK Lendület Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, ELKH, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.R.-N.); (E.A.); (K.U.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (A.U.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zoltan Lipinszki
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, MTA SZBK Lendület Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, ELKH, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.R.-N.); (E.A.); (K.U.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (A.U.); (Z.L.)
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71
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Ding F, Huang D, Wang M, Peng J. An 86 amino acids motif in CAPN3 is essential for formation of the nucleolus-localized Def-CAPN3 complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 623:66-73. [PMID: 35878425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Digestive-organ expansion factor (Def) is a nucleolar protein that recruits cysteine proteinase Calpain3 (CAPN3) into the nucleolus to form the Def-CAPN3 complex in both human and zebrafish. This complex mediates the degradation of the tumor suppressor p53 and ribosome biogenesis factor mitotic phosphorylated protein 10 (Mpp10) in nucleolus, demonstrating the importance of this complex in regulating cell cycle and ribosome biogenesis. However, the Def and CAPN3 interacting motifs have yet been identified. In this report, by using a series of truncated or internally deleted human CAPN3 (hCAPN3) derivatives we identify that an essential motif of 86 amino acids (86-aa) (430-515aa) in hCAPN3 for its interaction with human Def (hDef), and this 86-aa motif is highly conserved in zebrafish Capn3b (zCapn3b) and is also required for the interaction between zebrafish Def (zDef) and zCapn3b. We further identify the 2/3 C-terminus of hDef is responsible for mediating the hDef-hCAPN3 interaction, and the corresponding region is conserved for the zDef and zCapn3b interaction. Our results lay the ground to resolve the structure of the Def-CAPN3 complex in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Delai Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mingyun Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinrong Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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72
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Abstract
Class 2 CRISPR effectors Cas9 and Cas12 may have evolved from nucleases in IS200/IS605 transposons. IscB is about two-fifths the size of Cas9 but shares a similar domain organization. The associated ωRNA plays the combined role of CRISPR RNA (crRNA) and trans-activating CRISPR RNA (tracrRNA) to guide double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) cleavage. Here we report a 2.78-angstrom cryo-electron microscopy structure of IscB-ωRNA bound to a dsDNA target, revealing the architectural and mechanistic similarities between IscB and Cas9 ribonucleoproteins. Target-adjacent motif recognition, R-loop formation, and DNA cleavage mechanisms are explained at high resolution. ωRNA plays the equivalent function of REC domains in Cas9 and contacts the RNA-DNA heteroduplex. The IscB-specific PLMP domain is dispensable for RNA-guided DNA cleavage. The transition from ancestral IscB to Cas9 involved dwarfing the ωRNA and introducing protein domain replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Schuler
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, 253 Biotechnology Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chunyi Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, 253 Biotechnology Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ailong Ke
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, 253 Biotechnology Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Rotem-Bamberger S, Fahoum J, Keinan-Adamsky K, Tsaban T, Avraham O, Shalev DE, Chill JH, Schueler-Furman O. Structural insights into the role of the WW2 domain on tandem WW/PPxY-motif interactions of oxidoreductase WWOX. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102145. [PMID: 35716775 PMCID: PMC9293652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Class I WW domains are present in many proteins of various functions and mediate protein interactions by binding to short linear PPxY motifs. Tandem WW domains often bind peptides with multiple PPxY motifs, but the interplay of WW–peptide interactions is not always intuitive. The WW domain–containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) harbors two WW domains: an unstable WW1 capable of PPxY binding and stable WW2 that cannot bind PPxY. The WW2 domain has been suggested to act as a WW1 domain chaperone, but the underlying mechanism of its chaperone activity remains to be revealed. Here, we combined NMR, isothermal calorimetry, and structural modeling to elucidate the roles of both WW domains in WWOX binding to its PPxY-containing substrate ErbB4. Using NMR, we identified an interaction surface between these two domains that supports a WWOX conformation compatible with peptide substrate binding. Isothermal calorimetry and NMR measurements also indicated that while binding affinity to a single PPxY motif is marginally increased in the presence of WW2, affinity to a dual-motif peptide increases 10-fold. Furthermore, we found WW2 can directly bind double-motif peptides using its canonical binding site. Finally, differential binding of peptides in mutagenesis experiments was consistent with a parallel N- to C-terminal PPxY tandem motif orientation in binding to the WW1–WW2 tandem domain, validating structural models of the interaction. Taken together, our results reveal the complex nature of tandem WW-domain organization and substrate binding, highlighting the contribution of WWOX WW2 to both protein stability and target binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Rotem-Bamberger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jamal Fahoum
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Tomer Tsaban
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orly Avraham
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Deborah E Shalev
- Wolfson Centre for Applied Structural Biology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Azrieli College of Engineering, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jordan H Chill
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Ora Schueler-Furman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Davey NE, Simonetti L, Ivarsson Y. ProP-PD for proteome-wide motif-mediated interaction discovery. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:547-548. [PMID: 35168834 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norman E Davey
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK.
| | - Leandro Simonetti
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ylva Ivarsson
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Wadie B, Kleshchevnikov V, Sandaltzopoulou E, Benz C, Petsalaki E. Use of viral motif mimicry improves the proteome-wide discovery of human linear motifs. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110764. [PMID: 35508127 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Linear motifs have an integral role in dynamic cell functions, including cell signaling. However, due to their small size, low complexity, and frequent mutations, identifying novel functional motifs poses a challenge. Viruses rely extensively on the molecular mimicry of cellular linear motifs. In this study, we apply systematic motif prediction combined with functional filters to identify human linear motifs convergently evolved also in viral proteins. We observe an increase in the sensitivity of motif prediction and improved enrichment in known instances. We identify >7,300 non-redundant motif instances at various confidence levels, 99 of which are supported by all functional and structural filters. Overall, we provide a pipeline to improve the identification of functional linear motifs from interactomics datasets and a comprehensive catalog of putative human motifs that can contribute to our understanding of the human domain-linear motif code and the associated mechanisms of viral interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishoy Wadie
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Vitalii Kleshchevnikov
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Elissavet Sandaltzopoulou
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Caroline Benz
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Evangelia Petsalaki
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK.
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76
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Dong Y, Pant A, Liu Y, Masserman L, Xu Y, McLaughlin RN, Bai J. The endophilin curvature-sensitive motif requires electrostatic guidance to recycle synaptic vesicles in vivo. Dev Cell 2022; 57:750-766.e5. [PMID: 35303431 PMCID: PMC8969179 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Curvature-sensing mechanisms assist proteins in executing particular actions on various membrane organelles. Here, we investigate the functional specificity of curvature-sensing amphipathic motifs in Caenorhabditis elegans through the study of endophilin, an endocytic protein for synaptic vesicle recycling. We generate chimeric endophilin proteins by replacing the endophilin amphipathic motif H0 with other curvature-sensing amphipathic motifs. We find that the role of amphipathic motifs cannot simply be extrapolated from the identity of their parental proteins. For example, the amphipathic motif of the nuclear pore complex protein NUP133 functionally replaces the synaptic role of endophilin H0. Interestingly, non-functional endophilin chimeras have similar defects-producing fewer synaptic vesicles but more endosomes-and this indicates that the curvature-sensing motifs in these chimeras have a common deficiency for reforming synaptic vesicles. Finally, we convert non-functional endophilin chimeras into functional proteins by changing the cationic property of amphipathic motifs, successfully reprogramming the functional specificity of curvature-sensing motifs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, P.R. China; Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yongming Dong
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Aaradhya Pant
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Laura Masserman
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ye Xu
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Jihong Bai
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Gumerov VM, Andrianova EP, Matilla MA, Page KM, Monteagudo-Cascales E, Dolphin AC, Krell T, Zhulin IB. Amino acid sensor conserved from bacteria to humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2110415119. [PMID: 35238638 PMCID: PMC8915833 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110415119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceAmino acids are the building blocks of life and important signaling molecules. Despite their common structure, no universal mechanism for amino acid recognition by cellular receptors is currently known. We discovered a simple motif, which binds amino acids in various receptor proteins from all major life-forms. In humans, this motif is found in subunits of calcium channels that are implicated in pain and neurodevelopmental disorders. Our findings suggest that γ-aminobutyric acid-derived drugs bind to the same motif in human proteins that binds natural ligands in bacterial receptors, thus enabling future improvement of important drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim M. Gumerov
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Ekaterina P. Andrianova
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Miguel A. Matilla
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Karen M. Page
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabet Monteagudo-Cascales
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Annette C. Dolphin
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Tino Krell
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Igor B. Zhulin
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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78
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Kors S, Hacker C, Bolton C, Maier R, Reimann L, Kitchener EJA, Warscheid B, Costello JL, Schrader M. Regulating peroxisome-ER contacts via the ACBD5-VAPB tether by FFAT motif phosphorylation and GSK3β. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:212956. [PMID: 35019937 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202003143/212956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cooperate in cellular lipid metabolism. They form membrane contacts through interaction of the peroxisomal membrane protein ACBD5 (acyl-coenzyme A-binding domain protein 5) and the ER-resident protein VAPB (vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B). ACBD5 binds to the major sperm protein domain of VAPB via its FFAT-like (two phenylalanines [FF] in an acidic tract) motif. However, molecular mechanisms, which regulate formation of these membrane contact sites, are unknown. Here, we reveal that peroxisome-ER associations via the ACBD5-VAPB tether are regulated by phosphorylation. We show that ACBD5-VAPB binding is phosphatase-sensitive and identify phosphorylation sites in the flanking regions and core of the FFAT-like motif, which alter interaction with VAPB-and thus peroxisome-ER contact sites-differently. Moreover, we demonstrate that GSK3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3 β) regulates this interaction. Our findings reveal for the first time a molecular mechanism for the regulation of peroxisome-ER contacts in mammalian cells and expand the current model of FFAT motifs and VAP interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Kors
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Christian Hacker
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Chloe Bolton
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Renate Maier
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lena Reimann
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Emily J A Kitchener
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joseph L Costello
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael Schrader
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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79
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Naveca FG, Nascimento V, Souza V, Corado ADL, Nascimento F, Silva G, Mejía MC, Brandão MJ, Costa Á, Duarte D, Pessoa K, Jesus M, Gonçalves L, Fernandes C, Mattos T, Abdalla L, Santos JH, Martins A, Chui FM, Val FF, de Melo GC, Xavier MS, Sampaio VDS, Mourão MP, Lacerda MV, Batista ÉLR, Magalhães ALÁ, Dábilla N, Pereira LCG, Vinhal F, Miyajima F, Dias FBS, dos Santos ER, Coêlho D, Ferraz M, Lins R, Wallau GL, Delatorre E, Gräf T, Siqueira MM, Resende PC, Bello G. Spread of Gamma (P.1) Sub-Lineages Carrying Spike Mutations Close to the Furin Cleavage Site and Deletions in the N-Terminal Domain Drives Ongoing Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Amazonas, Brazil. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0236621. [PMID: 35196783 PMCID: PMC8865440 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02366-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Amazonas was one of the most heavily affected Brazilian states by the COVID-19 epidemic. Despite a large number of infected people, particularly during the second wave associated with the spread of the Variant of Concern (VOC) Gamma (lineage P.1), SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate in the Amazonas. To understand how SARS-CoV-2 persisted in a human population with a high immunity barrier, we generated 1,188 SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequences from individuals diagnosed in the Amazonas state from 1st January to 6th July 2021, of which 38 were vaccine breakthrough infections. Our study reveals a sharp increase in the relative prevalence of Gamma plus (P.1+) variants, designated Pango Lineages P.1.3 to P.1.6, harboring two types of additional Spike changes: deletions in the N-terminal (NTD) domain (particularly Δ144 or Δ141-144) associated with resistance to anti-NTD neutralizing antibodies or mutations at the S1/S2 junction (N679K or P681H) that probably enhance the binding affinity to the furin cleavage site, as suggested by our molecular dynamics simulations. As lineages P.1.4 (S:N679K) and P.1.6 (S:P681H) expanded (Re > 1) from March to July 2021, the lineage P.1 declined (Re < 1) and the median Ct value of SARS-CoV-2 positive cases in Amazonas significantly decreases. Still, we did not find an increased incidence of P.1+ variants among breakthrough cases of fully vaccinated patients (71%) in comparison to unvaccinated individuals (93%). This evidence supports that the ongoing endemic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the Amazonas is driven by the spread of new local Gamma/P.1 sublineages that are more transmissible, although not more efficient to evade vaccine-elicited immunity than the parental VOC. Finally, as SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread in human populations with a declining density of susceptible hosts, the risk of selecting more infectious variants or antibody evasion mutations is expected to increase. IMPORTANCE The continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2 is an expected phenomenon that will continue to happen due to the high number of cases worldwide. The present study analyzed how a Variant of Concern (VOC) could still circulate in a population hardly affected by two COVID-19 waves and with vaccination in progress. Our results showed that the answer behind that was a new generation of Gamma-like viruses, which emerged locally carrying mutations that made it more transmissible and more capable of spreading, partially evading prior immunity triggered by natural infections or vaccines. With thousands of new cases daily, the current pandemics scenario suggests that SARS-CoV-2 will continue to evolve and efforts to reduce the number of infected subjects, including global equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines, are mandatory. Thus, until the end of pandemics, the SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance will be an essential tool to better understand the drivers of the viral evolutionary process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Gomes Naveca
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valdinete Nascimento
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Victor Souza
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - André de Lima Corado
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Nascimento
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - George Silva
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Fundação Centro de Controle de Oncologia do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Matilde Contreras Mejía
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Maria Júlia Brandão
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Ágatha Costa
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Débora Duarte
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Karina Pessoa
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Michele Jesus
- Laboratório de Diversidade Microbiana da Amazônia com Importância para a Saúde, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Luciana Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas - Dra. Rosemary Costa Pinto, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Fernandes
- Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas - Dra. Rosemary Costa Pinto, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Tirza Mattos
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Ligia Abdalla
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Alex Martins
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Fonseca Val
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Gisely Cardoso de Melo
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Mariana Simão Xavier
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanderson de Souza Sampaio
- Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas - Dra. Rosemary Costa Pinto, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Mourão
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico e Controle e Doenças Infecciosas da Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nathânia Dábilla
- Laboratório de Virologia e Cultivo Celular, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Vinhal
- HLAGYN-Laboratório de Imunologia de Transplantes de Goiás, Aparecida de Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fabio Miyajima
- Laboratório Analitico de Competências Moleculares e Epidemiológicas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Ceará, Fiocruz, Eusébio, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Fernando Braga Stehling Dias
- Laboratório Analitico de Competências Moleculares e Epidemiológicas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Ceará, Fiocruz, Eusébio, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ruback dos Santos
- Unidade de Apoio Diagnóstico à COVID-19, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Ceará, Fiocruz, Eusébio, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Danilo Coêlho
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Matheus Ferraz
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Roberto Lins
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Luz Wallau
- Departamento de Entomologia e Núcleo de Bioinformática, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Edson Delatorre
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Gräf
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fiocruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marilda Mendonça Siqueira
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo (LVRS), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paola Cristina Resende
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo (LVRS), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo Bello
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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80
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Sherpa D, Chrustowicz J, Schulman BA. How the ends signal the end: Regulation by E3 ubiquitin ligases recognizing protein termini. Mol Cell 2022; 82:1424-1438. [PMID: 35247307 PMCID: PMC9098119 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Specificity of eukaryotic protein degradation is determined by E3 ubiquitin ligases and their selective binding to protein motifs, termed "degrons," in substrates for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. From the discovery of the first substrate degron and the corresponding E3 to a flurry of recent studies enabled by modern systems and structural methods, it is clear that many regulatory pathways depend on E3s recognizing protein termini. Here, we review the structural basis for recognition of protein termini by E3s and how this recognition underlies biological regulation. Diverse E3s evolved to harness a substrate's N and/or C terminus (and often adjacent residues as well) in a sequence-specific manner. Regulation is achieved through selective activation of E3s and also through generation of degrons at ribosomes or by posttranslational means. Collectively, many E3 interactions with protein N and C termini enable intricate control of protein quality and responses to cellular signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawafuti Sherpa
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Jakub Chrustowicz
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Brenda A Schulman
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Bavaria, Germany.
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81
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Sivakumar S, Qi S, Cheng N, Sathe AA, Kanchwala M, Kumar A, Evers BM, Xing C, Yu H. TP53 promotes lineage commitment of human embryonic stem cells through ciliogenesis and sonic hedgehog signaling. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110395. [PMID: 35172133 PMCID: PMC8904926 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy, defective differentiation, and inactivation of the tumor suppressor TP53 all occur frequently during tumorigenesis. Here, we probe the potential links among these cancer traits by inactivating TP53 in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). TP53-/- hESCs exhibit increased proliferation rates, mitotic errors, and low-grade structural aneuploidy; produce poorly differentiated immature teratomas in mice; and fail to differentiate into neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in vitro. Genome-wide CRISPR screen reveals requirements of ciliogenesis and sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathways for hESC differentiation into NPCs. TP53 deletion causes abnormal ciliogenesis in neural rosettes. In addition to restraining cell proliferation through CDKN1A, TP53 activates the transcription of BBS9, which encodes a ciliogenesis regulator required for proper Shh signaling and NPC formation. This developmentally regulated transcriptional program of TP53 promotes ciliogenesis, restrains Shh signaling, and commits hESCs to neural lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushama Sivakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shutao Qi
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ningyan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Adwait A Sathe
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mohammed Kanchwala
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bret M Evers
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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82
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Wang LT, Hurlburt NK, Schön A, Flynn BJ, Flores-Garcia Y, Pereira LS, Kiyuka PK, Dillon M, Bonilla B, Zavala F, Idris AH, Francica JR, Pancera M, Seder RA. The light chain of the L9 antibody is critical for binding circumsporozoite protein minor repeats and preventing malaria. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110367. [PMID: 35172158 PMCID: PMC8896312 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
L9 is a potent human monoclonal antibody (mAb) that preferentially binds two adjacent NVDP minor repeats and cross-reacts with NANP major repeats of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) on malaria-infective sporozoites. Understanding this mAb's ontogeny and mechanisms of binding PfCSP will facilitate vaccine development. Here, we isolate mAbs clonally related to L9 and show that this B cell lineage has baseline NVDP affinity and evolves to acquire NANP reactivity. Pairing the L9 kappa light chain (L9κ) with clonally related heavy chains results in chimeric mAbs that cross-link two NVDPs, cross-react with NANP, and more potently neutralize sporozoites in vivo compared with their original light chain. Structural analyses reveal that the chimeric mAbs bound minor repeats in a type-1 β-turn seen in other repeat-specific antibodies. These data highlight the importance of L9κ in binding NVDP on PfCSP to neutralize sporozoites and suggest that PfCSP-based immunogens might be improved by presenting ≥2 NVDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence T Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicholas K Hurlburt
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Arne Schön
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Barbara J Flynn
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yevel Flores-Garcia
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lais S Pereira
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patience K Kiyuka
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marlon Dillon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brian Bonilla
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fidel Zavala
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Azza H Idris
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joseph R Francica
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marie Pancera
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Stefanovic L, Gordon BH, Silvers R, Stefanovic B. Characterization of Sequence-Specific Binding of LARP6 to the 5' Stem-Loop of Type I Collagen mRNAs and Implications for Rational Design of Antifibrotic Drugs. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167394. [PMID: 34896113 PMCID: PMC8752511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Excessive synthesis of type I collagen is a hallmark of fibrotic diseases. Binding of La-related protein 6 (LARP6) to the 5' stem-loop (5'SL) of collagen mRNAs regulates their translation leading to an unnaturally elevated rate of collagen biosynthesis in fibrosis. Previous work suggested that LARP6 needs two domains to form stable complex with 5'SL RNA, the La domain and the juxtaposed RNA recognition motif (RRM), jointly called the La-module. Here we describe that La domain of LARP6 is necessary and sufficient for recognition of 5'SL in RNA sequence specific manner. A three-amino-acid motif located in the flexible loop connecting the second α-helix to the β-sheet of the La domain, called the RNK-motif, is critical for binding. Mutation of any of these three amino acids abolishes the binding of the La domain to 5'SL. The major site of crosslinking of LARP6 to 5'SL RNA was mapped to this motif, as well. The RNK-motif is not found in other LARPs, which cannot bind 5'SL. Presence of RRM increases the stability of complex between La domain and 5'SL RNA and RRM domain does not make extensive contacts with 5'SL RNA. We propose a model in which the initial recognition of 5'SL by LARP6 is mediated by the RNK epitope and further stabilized by the RRM domain. This discovery suggests that the interaction between LARP6 and collagen mRNAs can be blocked by small molecules that target the RNK epitope and will help rational design of the LARP6 binding inhibitors as specific antifibrotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lela Stefanovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Blaine H Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; Institute of Molecular Biophysics, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Robert Silvers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; Institute of Molecular Biophysics, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Branko Stefanovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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84
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Carten JD, Greseth M, Traktman P. Structure-Function Analysis of Two Interacting Vaccinia Proteins That Are Critical for Viral Morphogenesis: L2 and A30.5. J Virol 2022; 96:e0157721. [PMID: 34730390 PMCID: PMC8791271 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01577-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An enduring mystery in poxvirology is the mechanism by which virion morphogenesis is accomplished. A30.5 and L2 are two small regulatory proteins that are essential for this process. Previous studies have shown that vaccinia A30.5 and L2 localize to the ER and interact during infection, but how they facilitate morphogenesis is unknown. To interrogate the relationship between A30.5 and L2, we generated inducible complementing cell lines (CV1-HA-L2; CV1-3xFLAG-A30.5) and deletion viruses (vΔL2; vΔA30.5). Loss of either protein resulted in a block in morphogenesis and a significant (>100-fold) decrease in infectious viral yield. Structure-function analysis of L2 and A30.5, using transient complementation assays, identified key functional regions in both proteins. A clustered charge-to-alanine L2 mutant (L2-RRD) failed to rescue a vΔL2 infection and exhibits a significantly retarded apparent molecular weight in vivo (but not in vitro), suggestive of an aberrant posttranslational modification. Furthermore, an A30.5 mutant with a disrupted putative N-terminal α-helix failed to rescue a vΔA30.5 infection. Using our complementing cell lines, we determined that the stability of A30.5 is dependent on L2 and that wild-type L2 and A30.5 coimmunoprecipitate in the absence of other viral proteins. Further examination of this interaction, using wild-type and mutant forms of L2 or A30.5, revealed that the inability of mutant alleles to rescue the respective deletion viruses is tightly correlated with a failure of L2 to stabilize and interact with A30.5. L2 appears to function as a chaperone-like protein for A30.5, ensuring that they work together as a complex during viral membrane biogenesis. IMPORTANCE Vaccinia virus is a large, enveloped DNA virus that was successfully used as the vaccine against smallpox. Vaccinia continues to be an invaluable biomedical research tool in basic research and in gene therapy vector and vaccine development. Although this virus has been studied extensively, the complex process of virion assembly, termed morphogenesis, still puzzles the field. Our work aims to better understand how two small viral proteins that are essential for viral assembly, L2 and A30.5, function during early morphogenesis. We show that A30.5 requires L2 for stability and that these proteins interact in the absence of other viral proteins. We identify regions in each protein required for their function and show that mutations in these regions disrupt the interaction between L2 and A30.5 and fail to restore virus viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Debrito Carten
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew Greseth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Paula Traktman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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85
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Ruan MB, Yu XL, Guo X, Zhao PJ, Peng M. Role of cassava CC-type glutaredoxin MeGRXC3 in regulating sensitivity to mannitol-induced osmotic stress dependent on its nuclear activity. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:41. [PMID: 35057736 PMCID: PMC8772167 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously identified six drought-inducible CC-type glutaredoxins in cassava cultivars, however, less is known about their potential role in the molecular mechanism by which cassava adapted to abiotic stress. RESULTS Herein, we investigate one of cassava drought-responsive CC-type glutaredoxins, namely MeGRXC3, that involved in regulation of mannitol-induced inhibition on seed germination and seedling growth in transgenic Arabidopsis. MeGRXC3 overexpression up-regulates several stress-related transcription factor genes, such as PDF1.2, ERF6, ORA59, DREB2A, WRKY40, and WRKY53 in Arabidopsis. Protein interaction assays show that MeGRXC3 interacts with Arabidopsis TGA2 and TGA5 in the nucleus. Eliminated nuclear localization of MeGRXC3 failed to result mannitol-induced inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth in transgenic Arabidopsis. Mutation analysis of MeGRXC3 indicates the importance of conserved motifs for its transactivation activity in yeast. Additionally, these motifs are also indispensable for its functionality in regulating mannitol-induced inhibition of seed germination and enhancement of the stress-related transcription factors in transgenic Arabidopsis. CONCLUSIONS MeGRXC3 overexpression confers mannitol sensitivity in transgenic Arabidopsis possibly through interaction with TGA2/5 in the nucleus, and nuclear activity of MeGRXC3 is required for its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Bin Ruan
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101 China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Torpical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, 571101 China
| | - Xiao-Ling Yu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101 China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Torpical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, 571101 China
| | - Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Torpical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, 571101 China
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Ping-Juan Zhao
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101 China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Torpical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, 571101 China
| | - Ming Peng
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101 China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Torpical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, 571101 China
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86
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Akey CW, Singh D, Ouch C, Echeverria I, Nudelman I, Varberg JM, Yu Z, Fang F, Shi Y, Wang J, Salzberg D, Song K, Xu C, Gumbart JC, Suslov S, Unruh J, Jaspersen SL, Chait BT, Sali A, Fernandez-Martinez J, Ludtke SJ, Villa E, Rout MP. Comprehensive structure and functional adaptations of the yeast nuclear pore complex. Cell 2022; 185:361-378.e25. [PMID: 34982960 PMCID: PMC8928745 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) mediate the nucleocytoplasmic transport of macromolecules. Here we provide a structure of the isolated yeast NPC in which the inner ring is resolved by cryo-EM at sub-nanometer resolution to show how flexible connectors tie together different structural and functional layers. These connectors may be targets for phosphorylation and regulated disassembly in cells with an open mitosis. Moreover, some nucleoporin pairs and transport factors have similar interaction motifs, which suggests an evolutionary and mechanistic link between assembly and transport. We provide evidence for three major NPC variants that may foreshadow functional specializations at the nuclear periphery. Cryo-electron tomography extended these studies, providing a model of the in situ NPC with a radially expanded inner ring. Our comprehensive model reveals features of the nuclear basket and central transporter, suggests a role for the lumenal Pom152 ring in restricting dilation, and highlights structural plasticity that may be required for transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Akey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Digvijay Singh
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christna Ouch
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ignacia Echeverria
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ilona Nudelman
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Zulin Yu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Fei Fang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Junjie Wang
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Salzberg
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kangkang Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - James C Gumbart
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Sergey Suslov
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jay Unruh
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Sue L Jaspersen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Brian T Chait
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrej Sali
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Steven J Ludtke
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Villa
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Michael P Rout
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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87
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Kurabi A, Pak K, Chavez E, Doan J, Ryan AF. A transcytotic transport mechanism across the tympanic membrane. Sci Rep 2022; 12:984. [PMID: 35046419 PMCID: PMC8770641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04748-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug treatments for middle ear diseases are currently delivered systemically, or locally after opening the impermeable tympanic membrane (TM). We previously used bacteriophage display to discover novel peptides that are actively transported across the intact TM, with a variety of transport rates. Peptide structures were analyzed for evidence regarding the mechanism for this unexpected transport, which was then tested by the application of chemical inhibitors. Primary sequences indicated that trans-TM peptides share one of two amino acid motifs. Secondary structures revealed that linear configurations associate with higher transport rates than coiled structures. Tertiary analysis indicated that the shared sequence motifs are prominently displayed at the free ends of rapidly transported peptide phage. The shared motifs were evaluated for similarity to known motifs. The highest probability matches were for protein motifs involved in transmembrane transport and exosomes. Overall, structural findings suggest that the shared motifs represent binding sequences. They also implicate transcytosis, a polarized cell transport mechanism consisting of endocytosis, transcellular transport, and exocytosis. Inhibitor studies indicated that macropinocytosis, retrograde transport through Golgi and exocytosis participate in transport across the TM, consistent with transcytosis. This process can be harnessed to noninvasively deliver therapeutics to the middle ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Kurabi
- Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0666, USA.
- San Diego VA Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Kwang Pak
- Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0666, USA
| | - Eduardo Chavez
- Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0666, USA
| | - Jennifer Doan
- Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Allen F Ryan
- Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0666, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, USA
- San Diego VA Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
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88
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Xu P, Wang L, Zhang X, Yan J, Liu W. High-Performance Smart Hydrogels with Redox-Responsive Properties Inspired by Scallop Byssus. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:214-224. [PMID: 34935338 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Smart hydrogels with versatile properties, including a tunable gelation time, nonswelling attributes, and biocompatibility, are in great need in the biomedical field. To meet this urgent demand, we explored novel biomaterials with the desired properties from sessile marine organisms. To this end, a novel protein, Sbp9, derived from scallop byssus was extensively investigated, which features typical epidermal growth factor-like (EGFL) multiple repetitive motifs. Our current work demonstrated that the key fragment of Sbp9 (calcium-binding domain (CBD) and 4 EGFL repeats (CE4)) was able to form a smart hydrogel driven by noncovalent interactions and facilitated by disulfide bonds. More importantly, this smart hydrogel demonstrates several desirable and beneficial features, which could offset the drawbacks of typical protein-based hydrogels, including (1) a redox-responsive gelation time (from <1 to 60 min); (2) tunable mechanical properties, nonswelling abilities, and an appropriate microstructure; and (3) good biocompatibility and degradability. Furthermore, proof-of-concept demonstrations showed that the newly discovered hydrogel could be used for anticancer drug delivery and cell encapsulation. Taken together, a smart hydrogel inspired by marine sessile organisms with desirable properties was generated and characterized and demonstrated to have extensive applicability potential in biomedical applications, including tissue engineering and drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Xu
- Sars-Fang Centre, MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Sars-Fang Centre, MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaokang Zhang
- Sars-Fang Centre, MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jicheng Yan
- Sars-Fang Centre, MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Weizhi Liu
- Sars-Fang Centre, MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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89
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Shang L, Wu Y, Wei N, Yang F, Wang M, Zhang L, Fei C, Liu Y, Xue F, Gu F. Novel Arginine End-Tagging Antimicrobial Peptides to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:245-258. [PMID: 34964342 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been termed one of the most common global health threats, emphasizing the discovery of new antibacterial agents. To address this issue, we engineered peptides harboring "RWWWR" as a central motif plus arginine (R) end-tagging and then tested them in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that Pep 6, one of the engineered peptides, shows great potential in combating Escherichia coli bacteremia and the Staphylococcus aureus skin burn infection model, which induces a 62-90% reduction in bacterial burden. Remarkably, after long serial passages of S. aureus and E. coli for 30 days, Pep 6 is still highly efficient in killing pathogens, compared with 64- and 128-fold increase in minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for vancomycin and polymyxin B, respectively. We also found that Pep 6 exhibited robust biofilm-inhibiting activity and eliminated 61.33% of the mature methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm with concentration in the MIC level. These results suggest that the RWWWR motif and binding of arginine end-tagging could be harnessed as a new agent for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Shang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Nan Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fayu Yang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chenzhong Fei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yingchun Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Feiqun Xue
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Feng Gu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200241, China
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90
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Giri GR, Saxena P. Mycobacterial MMAR_2193 catalyzes O-methylation of diverse polyketide cores. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262241. [PMID: 34986163 PMCID: PMC8730385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
O-methylation of small molecules is a common modification widely present in most organisms. Type III polyketides undergo O-methylation at hydroxyl end to play a wide spectrum of roles in bacteria, plants, algae, and fungi. Mycobacterium marinum harbours a distinctive genomic cluster with a type III pks gene and genes for several polyketide modifiers including a methyltransferase gene, mmar_2193. This study reports functional analyses of MMAR_2193 and reveals multi-methylating potential of the protein. Comparative sequence analyses revealed conservation of catalytically important motifs in MMAR_2193 protein. Homology-based structure-function and molecular docking studies suggested type III polyketide cores as possible substrates for MMAR_2193 catalysis. In vitro enzymatic characterization revealed the capability of MMAR_2193 protein to utilize diverse polyphenolic substrates to methylate several hydroxyl positions on a single substrate molecule. High-resolution mass spectrometric analyses identified multi-methylations of type III polyketides in cell-free reconstitution assays. Notably, our metabolomics analyses identified some of these methylated molecules in biofilms of wild type Mycobacterium marinum. This study characterizes a novel mycobacterial O-methyltransferase protein with multi-methylating enzymatic ability that could be exploited to generate a palette of structurally distinct bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorkha Raj Giri
- Chemical Biology Group, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India
| | - Priti Saxena
- Chemical Biology Group, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India
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91
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Bykov YS, Flohr T, Boos F, Zung N, Herrmann JM, Schuldiner M. Widespread use of unconventional targeting signals in mitochondrial ribosome proteins. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109519. [PMID: 34786732 PMCID: PMC8724765 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial ribosomes are complex molecular machines indispensable for respiration. Their assembly involves the import of several dozens of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPs), encoded in the nuclear genome, into the mitochondrial matrix. Proteomic and structural data as well as computational predictions indicate that up to 25% of yeast MRPs do not have a conventional N-terminal mitochondrial targeting signal (MTS). We experimentally characterized a set of 15 yeast MRPs in vivo and found that five use internal MTSs. Further analysis of a conserved model MRP, Mrp17/bS6m, revealed the identity of the internal targeting signal. Similar to conventional MTS-containing proteins, the internal sequence mediates binding to TOM complexes. The entire sequence of Mrp17 contains positive charges mediating translocation. The fact that these sequence properties could not be reliably predicted by standard methods shows that mitochondrial protein targeting is more versatile than expected. We hypothesize that structural constraints imposed by ribosome assembly interfaces may have disfavored N-terminal presequences and driven the evolution of internal targeting signals in MRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury S Bykov
- Department of Molecular GeneticsWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Tamara Flohr
- Division of Cell BiologyUniversity of KaiserslauternKaiserslauternGermany
| | - Felix Boos
- Division of Cell BiologyUniversity of KaiserslauternKaiserslauternGermany
- Present address:
Department of GeneticsStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Naama Zung
- Department of Molecular GeneticsWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | | | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular GeneticsWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
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Semwal R, Aier I, Raj U, Varadwaj PK. Pr[m]: An Algorithm for Protein Motif Discovery. IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform 2022; 19:585-592. [PMID: 32750855 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2020.2999262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Motifs are the evolutionarily conserved patterns which are reported to serve the crucial structural and functional role. Identification of motif patterns in a set of protein sequences has been a prime concern for researchers in computational biology. The discovery of such a protein motif using existing algorithms is purely based on the parameters derived from sequence composition and length. However, the discovery of variable length motif remains a challenging task, as it is not possible to determine the length of a motif in advance. In current work, a k-mer based motif discovery approach called Pr[m], is proposed for the detection of the statistically significant un-gapped motif patterns, with or without wildcard characters. In order to analyze the performance of the proposed approach, a comparative study was performed with MEME and GLAM2, which are two widely used non-discriminative methods for motif discovery. A set of 7,500 test dataset were used to compare the performance of the proposed tool and the ones mentioned above. Pr[m] outperformed the existing methods in terms of predictive quality and performance. The proposed approach is hosted at https://bioserver.iiita.ac.in/Pr[m].
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93
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Tseytin I, Lezerovich S, David N, Sal-Man N. Interactions and substrate selectivity within the SctRST complex of the type III secretion system of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2013763. [PMID: 34965187 PMCID: PMC8726614 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.2013763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many bacterial pathogens employ a protein complex, termed the type III secretion system (T3SS), to inject bacterial effectors into host cells. These effectors manipulate various cellular processes to promote bacterial growth and survival. The T3SS complex adopts a nano-syringe shape that is assembled across the bacterial membranes, with an extracellular needle extending toward the host cell membrane. The assembly of the T3SS is initiated by the association of three proteins, known as SctR, SctS, and SctT, which create an entry portal to the translocation channel within the bacterial inner membrane. Using the T3SS of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, we investigated, by mutational and functional analyses, the role of two structural construction sites formed within the SctRST complex and revealed that they are mutation-resistant components that are likely to act as seals preventing leakage of ions and metabolites rather than as substrate gates. In addition, we identified two residues in the SctS protein, Pro23, and Lys54, that are critical for the proper activity of the T3SS. We propose that Pro23 is critical for the physical orientation of the SctS transmembrane domains that create the tip of the SctRST complex and for their positioning with regard to other T3SS substructures. Surprisingly, we found that SctS Lys54, which was previously suggested to mediate the SctS self-oligomerization, is critical for T3SS activity due to its essential role in SctS-SctT hetero-interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Tseytin
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shir Lezerovich
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nofar David
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Neta Sal-Man
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Tsuchida T, Susa K, Kibiki T, Tsuchiya T, Miyamoto K, In Y, Minoura K, Taniguchi T, Ishida T, Tomoo K. Structural study of the recognition mechanism of tau antibody Tau2r3 with the key sequence (VQIINK) in tau aggregation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 585:36-41. [PMID: 34784549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the histopathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is higher order neurofibrillary tangles formed by abnormally aggregated tau protein. The sequence 275VQIINK280 in the microtubule-binding domain of tau plays a key role in tau aggregation. Therefore, an aggregation inhibitor targeting the VQIINK region in tau may be an effective therapeutic agent for AD. We have previously shown that the Fab domain (Fab2r3) of a tau antibody that recognizes the VQIINK sequence can inhibit tau aggregation, and we have determined the tertiary structure of the Fab2r3-VQIINK complex. In this report, we determined the tertiary structure of apo Fab2r3 and analyzed differences in the structures of apo Fab2r3 and Fab2r3-VQIINK to examine the ligand recognition mechanism of Fab2r3. In comparison with the Fab2r3-VQIINK structure, there were large differences in the arrangement of the constant and variable domains in apo Fab2r3. Remarkable structural changes were especially observed in the H3 and L3 loop regions of the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) in apo Fab2r3 and the Fab2r3-VQIINK complex. These structural differences in CDRs suggest that formation of hydrophobic pockets suitable for the antigen is important for antigen recognition by tau antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Tsuchida
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Kouki Susa
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kibiki
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Katsushiro Miyamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yasuko In
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Minoura
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Taizo Taniguchi
- Pharma Crea Kobe Co. Ltd., Showajutaku・Fukumoto Bldg. 8F, 4-2-18, Hachimandori, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-0085, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Ishida
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Koji Tomoo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan.
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95
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Yuan G, Liu J, An G, Li W, Si W, Sun D, Zhu Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Trehalose-6-phosphate Synthetase (TPS) Gene Family in Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus) and Their Transcriptional Responses to Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:276. [PMID: 35008702 PMCID: PMC8745194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increase in watermelon cultivation area, there is an urgent need to explore enzymatic and genetic resources for the sustainable development of watermelon, especially under salt stress. Among the various compounds known, trehalose plays an important role in regulating abiotic stress tolerances in diverse organisms, including plants. Therefore, the present study comprehensively analyzed the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) gene family in watermelon. The study analyzed the functional classification, evolutionary characteristics, and expression patterns of the watermelon TPS genes family. Seven ClTPSs were identified and classified into two distinct classes according to gene structure and phylogeny. Evolutionary analysis suggested the role of purifying selection in the evolution of the TPS family members. Further, cis-acting elements related to plant hormones and abiotic stress were identified in the promoter region of the TPS genes. The tissue-specific expression analysis showed that ClTPS genes were widely expressed in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits, while ClTPS3 was significantly induced under salt stress. The overexpression of ClTPS3 in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly improved salt tolerance. Finally, the STRING functional protein association networks suggested that the transcription factor ClMYB and ClbHLH regulate ClTPS3. Thus, the study indicates the critical role of ClTPS3 in watermelon response to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dexi Sun
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (G.Y.); (J.L.); (G.A.); (W.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Yingchun Zhu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (G.Y.); (J.L.); (G.A.); (W.L.); (W.S.)
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96
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Bu Y, Teng Q, Feng D, Sun L, Xue J, Zhang G. YLMY Tyrosine Residue within the Cytoplasmic Tail of Newcastle Disease Virus Fusion Protein Regulates Its Surface Expression to Modulate Viral Budding and Pathogenicity. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0217321. [PMID: 34937182 PMCID: PMC8694109 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02173-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) fusion protein mediates the virus's fusion activity, which is a determinant of NDV pathogenicity. The ectodomain of the F protein is known to have a major impact on fusion, and several reports have also indicated the role of the cytoplasmic tail (CT) in viral entry, F protein cleavage, and fusion, which are regulated by specific motifs. We found a highly conserved tyrosine residue located in the YLMY motif. The tyrosine residues at positions 524 and 527 have different roles in viral replication and pathogenicity and are associated with F protein intracellular processing. Tyrosine residues mutants affect the transportation of the F protein from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, resulting in different cleavage efficiencies. F protein is subsequently transported to the cell surface where it participates in viral budding, a process closely related to the distinctions in pathogenicity caused by the tyrosine residues. In addition, the different mutations all led to a hypofusogenic phenotype. We believe that the highly conserved tyrosine residue of the YLMY motif uses a similar mechanism to the tyrosine-based motif (YXXΦ) to regulate F protein transport and thus affect viral replication and pathogenicity. IMPORTANCE The amino-terminal cytoplasmic domains of paramyxovirus fusion glycoproteins include trafficking signals that influence protein processing and cell surface expression. This study clarified that tyrosine residues at different positions in the YLMY motif in the cytoplasmic region of the F protein regulate F protein transportation, thereby affecting viral replication and pathogenicity. This study has increased our understanding of how NDV virulence is mediated by the F protein and provides a fresh perspective on the role of CT in the virus's life cycle. This information may be useful in the development of NDV as an effective vaccine vector and oncolytic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Bu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyuan Teng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Delan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Xue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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97
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Nourbakhsh K, Ferreccio AA, Bernard MJ, Yadav S. TAOK2 is an ER-localized kinase that catalyzes the dynamic tethering of ER to microtubules. Dev Cell 2021; 56:3321-3333.e5. [PMID: 34879262 PMCID: PMC8699727 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) depends on extensive association with the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton for its structure and mitotic inheritance. However, mechanisms that underlie coupling of ER membranes to MTs are poorly understood. We have identified thousand and one amino acid kinase 2 (TAOK2) as a pleiotropic protein kinase that mediates tethering of ER to MTs. In human cells, TAOK2 localizes in distinct ER subdomains via transmembrane helices and an adjacent amphipathic region. Through its C-terminal tail, TAOK2 directly binds MTs, coupling ER membranes to the MT cytoskeleton. In TAOK2 knockout cells, although ER-membrane dynamics are increased, movement of ER along growing MT plus ends is disrupted. ER-MT tethering is tightly regulated by catalytic activity of TAOK2, perturbation of which leads to defects in ER morphology, association with MTs, and cell division. Our study identifies TAOK2 as an ER-MT tether and reveals a kinase-regulated mechanism for control of ER dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimya Nourbakhsh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Amy A Ferreccio
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Matthew J Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Smita Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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98
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Grassmann G, Miotto M, Di Rienzo L, Salaris F, Silvestri B, Zacco E, Rosa A, Tartaglia GG, Ruocco G, Milanetti E. A Computational Approach to Investigate TDP-43 RNA-Recognition Motif 2 C-Terminal Fragments Aggregation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1905. [PMID: 34944548 PMCID: PMC8699346 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathological aggregation of proteins observed in neurodegenerative diseases are still not fully understood. Among the aggregate-associated diseases, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is of relevant importance. In fact, although understanding the processes that cause the disease is still an open challenge, its relationship with protein aggregation is widely known. In particular, human TDP-43, an RNA/DNA binding protein, is a major component of the pathological cytoplasmic inclusions observed in ALS patients. Indeed, the deposition of the phosphorylated full-length TDP-43 in spinal cord cells has been widely studied. Moreover, it has also been shown that the brain cortex presents an accumulation of phosphorylated C-terminal fragments (CTFs). Even if it is debated whether the aggregation of CTFs represents a primary cause of ALS, it is a hallmark of TDP-43 related neurodegeneration in the brain. Here, we investigate the CTFs aggregation process, providing a computational model of interaction based on the evaluation of shape complementarity at the molecular interfaces. To this end, extensive Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted for different types of protein fragments, with the aim of exploring the equilibrium conformations. Adopting a newly developed approach based on Zernike polynomials, able to find complementary regions in the molecular surface, we sampled a large set of solvent-exposed portions of CTFs structures as obtained from MD simulations. Our analysis proposes and assesses a set of possible association mechanisms between the CTFs, which could drive the aggregation process of the CTFs. To further evaluate the structural details of such associations, we perform molecular docking and additional MD simulations to propose possible complexes and assess their stability, focusing on complexes whose interacting regions are both characterized by a high shape complementarity and involve β3 and β5 strands at their interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Grassmann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Carlo Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy; or
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (L.D.R.); (F.S.); (B.S.); (A.R.); (G.G.T.); (G.R.)
| | - Mattia Miotto
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (L.D.R.); (F.S.); (B.S.); (A.R.); (G.G.T.); (G.R.)
| | - Lorenzo Di Rienzo
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (L.D.R.); (F.S.); (B.S.); (A.R.); (G.G.T.); (G.R.)
| | - Federico Salaris
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (L.D.R.); (F.S.); (B.S.); (A.R.); (G.G.T.); (G.R.)
| | - Beatrice Silvestri
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (L.D.R.); (F.S.); (B.S.); (A.R.); (G.G.T.); (G.R.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elsa Zacco
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (L.D.R.); (F.S.); (B.S.); (A.R.); (G.G.T.); (G.R.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Gaetano Tartaglia
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (L.D.R.); (F.S.); (B.S.); (A.R.); (G.G.T.); (G.R.)
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy;
- Center for Human Technologies, Via Enrico Melen 83, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ruocco
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (L.D.R.); (F.S.); (B.S.); (A.R.); (G.G.T.); (G.R.)
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Milanetti
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (L.D.R.); (F.S.); (B.S.); (A.R.); (G.G.T.); (G.R.)
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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99
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Ma M, Chen Q, Dong H, Zhang S, Huang X. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the bZIP transcription factors, and functional analysis in response to drought and cold stresses in pear (Pyrus breschneideri). BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:583. [PMID: 34886805 PMCID: PMC8656046 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factors (TFs) are involved in many important biological processes, including cell stretching, histological differentiation, metabolic activity, seed storage, gene regulation, and response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Little is known about the functions, evolutionary history, and expression patterns of basic region-leucine zipper TF family genes in pear, despite the release of the genome of Chinese white pears ("Dangshansuli"). RESULTS Overall, 92 bZIP genes were identified in the pear genome (Pyrus breschneideri). Of these, 83 were randomly distributed on all 17 chromosomes except chromosome 4, and the other 9 genes were located on loose scaffolding. The genes were divided into 14 subgroups. Whole-genome duplications, dispersed duplication, and purifying selection for whole-genome duplications are the main reasons for the expansion of the PbrbZIP gene family. The analysis of functional annotation enrichment indicated that most of the functions of PbrbZIP genes were enriched in Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways involved in the abiotic stress response. Next, expression analysis and virus-induced gene silencing results indicated that PbrbZIP genes might play critical roles in response to drought and cold stresses, especially for the genes from subgroups A, C, G, I, and S. CONCLUSIONS Ninety-two PbrbZIP genes were identified from the pear genome and classified into 14 subgroups. PbrbZIP genes were mainly expanded from whole-genome duplications and dispersed duplications and retained by purifying selection. PbrbZIP genes were induced by cold and drought stresses and played important roles in drought and cold tolerance. These results provided useful information for further increasing the tolerance of pears to stresses and a foundation to study the cold and drought tolerance mechanism of PbrbZIP genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huizhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaosan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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100
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Lubyova B, Tikalova E, Krulova K, Hodek J, Zabransky A, Hirsch I, Weber J. ATM-Dependent Phosphorylation of Hepatitis B Core Protein in Response to Genotoxic Stress. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122438. [PMID: 34960710 PMCID: PMC8705010 DOI: 10.3390/v13122438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis caused by infection with the Hepatitis B virus is a life-threatening condition. In fact, 1 million people die annually due to liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently, several studies demonstrated a molecular connection between the host DNA damage response (DDR) pathway and HBV replication and reactivation. Here, we investigated the role of Ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) PI3-kinases in phosphorylation of the HBV core protein (HBc). We determined that treatment of HBc-expressing hepatocytes with genotoxic agents, e.g., etoposide or hydrogen peroxide, activated the host ATM-Chk2 pathway, as determined by increased phosphorylation of ATM at Ser1981 and Chk2 at Thr68. The activation of ATM led, in turn, to increased phosphorylation of cytoplasmic HBc at serine-glutamine (SQ) motifs located in its C-terminal domain. Conversely, down-regulation of ATM using ATM-specific siRNAs or inhibitor effectively reduced etoposide-induced HBc phosphorylation. Detailed mutation analysis of S-to-A HBc mutants revealed that S170 (S168 in a 183-aa HBc variant) is the primary site targeted by ATM-regulated phosphorylation. Interestingly, mutation of two major phosphorylation sites involving serines at positions 157 and 164 (S155 and S162 in a 183-aa HBc variant) resulted in decreased etoposide-induced phosphorylation, suggesting that the priming phosphorylation at these serine-proline (SP) sites is vital for efficient phosphorylation of SQ motifs. Notably, the mutation of S172 (S170 in a 183-aa HBc variant) had the opposite effect and resulted in massively up-regulated phosphorylation of HBc, particularly at S170. Etoposide treatment of HBV infected HepG2-NTCP cells led to increased levels of secreted HBe antigen and intracellular HBc protein. Together, our studies identified HBc as a substrate for ATM-mediated phosphorylation and mapped the phosphorylation sites. The increased expression of HBc and HBe antigens in response to genotoxic stress supports the idea that the ATM pathway may provide growth advantage to the replicating virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Lubyova
- IOCB Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.T.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (A.Z.); (I.H.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Eva Tikalova
- IOCB Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.T.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (A.Z.); (I.H.)
| | - Kristyna Krulova
- IOCB Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.T.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (A.Z.); (I.H.)
| | - Jan Hodek
- IOCB Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.T.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (A.Z.); (I.H.)
| | - Ales Zabransky
- IOCB Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.T.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (A.Z.); (I.H.)
| | - Ivan Hirsch
- IOCB Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.T.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (A.Z.); (I.H.)
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Weber
- IOCB Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.T.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (A.Z.); (I.H.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (J.W.)
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