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Milos F, Tullii G, Gobbo F, Lodola F, Galeotti F, Verpelli C, Mayer D, Maybeck V, Offenhäusser A, Antognazza MR. High Aspect Ratio and Light-Sensitive Micropillars Based on a Semiconducting Polymer Optically Regulate Neuronal Growth. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:23438-23451. [PMID: 33983012 PMCID: PMC8161421 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Many nano- and microstructured devices capable of promoting neuronal growth and network formation have been previously investigated. In certain cases, topographical cues have been successfully complemented with external bias, by employing electrically conducting scaffolds. However, the use of optical stimulation with topographical cues was rarely addressed in this context, and the development of light-addressable platforms for modulating and guiding cellular growth and proliferation remains almost completely unexplored. Here, we develop high aspect ratio micropillars based on a prototype semiconducting polymer, regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT), as an optically active, three-dimensional platform for embryonic cortical neurons. P3HT micropillars provide a mechanically compliant environment and allow a close contact with neuronal cells. The combined action of nano/microtopography and visible light excitation leads to effective optical modulation of neuronal growth and orientation. Embryonic neurons cultured on polymer pillars show a clear polarization effect and, upon exposure to optical excitation, a significant increase in both neurite and axon length. The biocompatible, microstructured, and light-sensitive platform developed here opens up the opportunity to optically regulate neuronal growth in a wireless, repeatable, and spatio-temporally controlled manner without genetic modification. This approach may be extended to other cell models, thus uncovering interesting applications of photonic devices in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frano Milos
- Institute
of Biological Information Processing IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- RWTH
University Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Tullii
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Federico Gobbo
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Physics
Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Lodola
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Galeotti
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche G. Natta (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Verpelli
- Istituto
di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute
of Biological Information Processing IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Maybeck
- Institute
of Biological Information Processing IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute
of Biological Information Processing IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- RWTH
University Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
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52
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Man Kadayat T, Eun Kim D, Bong Lee S, Jung K, Eun Park S, Hong JY, Kim J, Shrestha A, Kim DS, An H, Kim N, Lee SJ, Kwon S, Kim S, Yeon Hwang J, Kim S, Hahn D, Choi H, Nam SJ, Hyun Jeon Y, Jin Hwang J, Jin Cho S, Chin J. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity of psiguadial B and its halogenated analogues as potential neuroprotective agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 113:105027. [PMID: 34098398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Psiguadial B (8), and its fluoro- (8a), chloro- (8b), and bromo- (8c) derivatives were synthesized using a sodium acetate-catalyzed single step coupling of three components: β-caryophyllene (5), diformylphloroglucinol (11), and benzaldehyde (12). These compounds efficiently and dose-dependently decreased H2O2-induced cell death, a quantitative marker of cell death, in primary cultures of mouse cortical neurons. Psiguadial B also decreased neuronal death and accumulation of ROS induced by FeCl2 in cortical cultures. The in vitro effects of these compounds in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of nitric oxide (NO), and TNF-α and IL-6 by suppressing the NF-κB pathway in immune cells demonstrated their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity. The present findings warrant further research on the development of psiguadial B-based neuroprotective agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, acute brain injuries and immunological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Man Kadayat
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Eun Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bong Lee
- Vaccine Commercialization Center, Gyeongbuk Institute for Bio Industry, Andong 33618, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjin Jung
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Park
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ye Hong
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Aarajana Shrestha
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Su Kim
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 34114 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongchan An
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sugyeong Kwon
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhui Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yeon Hwang
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinae Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyup Hahn
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjae Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Jin Hwang
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungwook Chin
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea.
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53
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Lin JY, Mukherjee N, Bernstein MJ, Katz DB. Perturbation of amygdala-cortical projections reduces ensemble coherence of palatability coding in gustatory cortex. eLife 2021; 10:e65766. [PMID: 34018924 PMCID: PMC8139825 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Taste palatability is centrally involved in consumption decisions-we ingest foods that taste good and reject those that don't. Gustatory cortex (GC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) almost certainly work together to mediate palatability-driven behavior, but the precise nature of their interplay during taste decision-making is still unknown. To probe this issue, we discretely perturbed (with optogenetics) activity in rats' BLA→GC axons during taste deliveries. This perturbation strongly altered GC taste responses, but while the perturbation itself was tonic (2.5 s), the alterations were not-changes preferentially aligned with the onset times of previously-described taste response epochs, and reduced evidence of palatability-related activity in the 'late-epoch' of the responses without reducing the amount of taste identity information available in the 'middle epoch.' Finally, BLA→GC perturbations changed behavior-linked taste response dynamics themselves, distinctively diminishing the abruptness of ensemble transitions into the late epoch. These results suggest that BLA 'organizes' behavior-related GC taste dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-You Lin
- Department of PsychologyWalthamUnited States
- The Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Narendra Mukherjee
- The Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Max J Bernstein
- Department of PsychologyWalthamUnited States
- The Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Donald B Katz
- Department of PsychologyWalthamUnited States
- The Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
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Papariello A, Taylor D, Soderstrom K, Litwa K. CB 1 antagonism increases excitatory synaptogenesis in a cortical spheroid model of fetal brain development. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9356. [PMID: 33931678 PMCID: PMC8087674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a complex role in the development of neural circuitry during fetal brain development. The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) controls synaptic strength at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses and thus contributes to the balance of excitatory and inhibitory signaling. Imbalances in the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synapses have been implicated in various neuropsychiatric disorders associated with dysregulated central nervous system development including autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. The role of CB1 in human brain development has been difficult to study but advances in induced pluripotent stem cell technology have allowed us to model the fetal brain environment. Cortical spheroids resemble the cortex of the dorsal telencephalon during mid-fetal gestation and possess functional synapses, spontaneous activity, an astrocyte population, and pseudo-laminar organization. We first characterized the ECS using STORM microscopy and observed synaptic localization of components similar to that which is observed in the fetal brain. Next, using the CB1-selective antagonist SR141716A, we observed an increase in excitatory, and to a lesser extent, inhibitory synaptogenesis as measured by confocal image analysis. Further, CB1 antagonism increased the variability of spontaneous activity within developing neural networks, as measured by microelectrode array. Overall, we have established that cortical spheroids express ECS components and are thus a useful model for exploring endocannabinoid mediation of childhood neuropsychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Papariello
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - David Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Ken Soderstrom
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
| | - Karen Litwa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
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55
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Rouleau N, Cairns DM, Rusk W, Levin M, Kaplan DL. Learning and synaptic plasticity in 3D bioengineered neural tissues. Neurosci Lett 2021; 750:135799. [PMID: 33675883 PMCID: PMC7994196 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Though neuroscientists have historically relied upon measurement of established nervous systems, contemporary advances in bioengineering have made it possible to design and build artificial neural tissues with which to investigate normative and diseased states [1-5] however, their potential to display features of learning and memory remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate response patterns characteristic of habituation, a form of non-associative learning, in 3D bioengineered neural tissues exposed to repetitive injections of current to elicit evoked-potentials (EPs). A return of the evoked response following rest indicated learning was transient and partially reversible. Applying patterned current as massed or distributed pulse trains induced differential expression of immediate early genes (IEG) that are known to facilitate synaptic plasticity and participate in memory formation [6,7]. Our findings represent the first demonstration of a learning response in a bioengineered neural tissue in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rouleau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, United States; The Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, United States; Initiative for Neural Science, Disease, and Engineering (INSciDE), Tufts University, United States.
| | - Dana M Cairns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, United States; The Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, United States; Initiative for Neural Science, Disease, and Engineering (INSciDE), Tufts University, United States.
| | - William Rusk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, United States.
| | - Michael Levin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, United States; The Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, United States; Department of Biology, Tufts University, United States.
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, United States; The Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, United States; Initiative for Neural Science, Disease, and Engineering (INSciDE), Tufts University, United States.
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56
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Agoglia RM, Sun D, Birey F, Yoon SJ, Miura Y, Sabatini K, Pașca SP, Fraser HB. Primate cell fusion disentangles gene regulatory divergence in neurodevelopment. Nature 2021; 592:421-427. [PMID: 33731928 PMCID: PMC8719633 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Among primates, humans display a unique trajectory of development that is responsible for the many traits specific to our species. However, the inaccessibility of primary human and chimpanzee tissues has limited our ability to study human evolution. Comparative in vitro approaches using primate-derived induced pluripotent stem cells have begun to reveal species differences on the cellular and molecular levels1,2. In particular, brain organoids have emerged as a promising platform to study primate neural development in vitro3-5, although cross-species comparisons of organoids are complicated by differences in developmental timing and variability of differentiation6,7. Here we develop a new platform to address these limitations by fusing human and chimpanzee induced pluripotent stem cells to generate a panel of tetraploid hybrid stem cells. We applied this approach to study species divergence in cerebral cortical development by differentiating these cells into neural organoids. We found that hybrid organoids provide a controlled system for disentangling cis- and trans-acting gene-expression divergence across cell types and developmental stages, revealing a signature of selection on astrocyte-related genes. In addition, we identified an upregulation of the human somatostatin receptor 2 gene (SSTR2), which regulates neuronal calcium signalling and is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders8,9. We reveal a human-specific response to modulation of SSTR2 function in cortical neurons, underscoring the potential of this platform for elucidating the molecular basis of human evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Agoglia
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Danqiong Sun
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fikri Birey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Se-Jin Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuki Miura
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karen Sabatini
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sergiu P Pașca
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Hunter B Fraser
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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57
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Eze UC, Bhaduri A, Haeussler M, Nowakowski TJ, Kriegstein AR. Single-cell atlas of early human brain development highlights heterogeneity of human neuroepithelial cells and early radial glia. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:584-594. [PMID: 33723434 PMCID: PMC8012207 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-00794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The human cortex comprises diverse cell types that emerge from an initially uniform neuroepithelium that gives rise to radial glia, the neural stem cells of the cortex. To characterize the earliest stages of human brain development, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing across regions of the developing human brain, including the telencephalon, diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain and cerebellum. We identify nine progenitor populations physically proximal to the telencephalon, suggesting more heterogeneity than previously described, including a highly prevalent mesenchymal-like population that disappears once neurogenesis begins. Comparison of human and mouse progenitor populations at corresponding stages identifies two progenitor clusters that are enriched in the early stages of human cortical development. We also find that organoid systems display low fidelity to neuroepithelial and early radial glia cell types, but improve as neurogenesis progresses. Overall, we provide a comprehensive molecular and spatial atlas of early stages of human brain and cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugomma C Eze
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aparna Bhaduri
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | | | - Tomasz J Nowakowski
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arnold R Kriegstein
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.
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58
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Golesorkhi M, Gomez-Pilar J, Tumati S, Fraser M, Northoff G. Temporal hierarchy of intrinsic neural timescales converges with spatial core-periphery organization. Commun Biol 2021; 4:277. [PMID: 33664456 PMCID: PMC7933253 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The human cortex exhibits intrinsic neural timescales that shape a temporal hierarchy. Whether this temporal hierarchy follows the spatial hierarchy of its topography, namely the core-periphery organization, remains an open issue. Using magnetoencephalography data, we investigate intrinsic neural timescales during rest and task states; we measure the autocorrelation window in short (ACW-50) and, introducing a novel variant, long (ACW-0) windows. We demonstrate longer ACW-50 and ACW-0 in networks located at the core compared to those at the periphery with rest and task states showing a high ACW correlation. Calculating rest-task differences, i.e., subtracting the shared core-periphery organization, reveals task-specific ACW changes in distinct networks. Finally, employing kernel density estimation, machine learning, and simulation, we demonstrate that ACW-0 exhibits better prediction in classifying a region's time window as core or periphery. Overall, our findings provide fundamental insight into how the human cortex's temporal hierarchy converges with its spatial core-periphery hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrshad Golesorkhi
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Javier Gomez-Pilar
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Shankar Tumati
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Neuropsychopharmacology research group, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maia Fraser
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Georg Northoff
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
- Mental Health Centre, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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59
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Giannaki M, Schrödl-Häußel M, Khakipoor S, Kirsch M, Roussa E. STAT3-dependent regulation of the electrogenic Na +/ HCO 3- cotransporter 1 (NBCe1) functional expression in cortical astrocytes. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:2036-2050. [PMID: 32761631 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The electrogenic Na+ /HCO3- cotransporter (NBCe1) in astrocytes is crucial in regulation of acid-base homeostasis in the brain. Since many pathophysiological conditions in the brain have been associated with pH shifts we exposed primary mouse cortical and hippocampal astrocytes to prolonged low or high extracellular pH (pHo ) at constant extracellular bicarbonate concentration and investigated activation of astrocytes and regulation of NBCe1 by immunoblotting, biotinylation of surface proteins, and intracellular H+ recordings. High pHo at constant extracellular bicarbonate caused upregulation of NBCe1 protein, surface expression and activity via upregulation of the astrocytic activation markers signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression. High pHo -induced increased NBCe1 protein expression was prevented in astrocytes from Stat3flox/flox ::GfapCre/+ mice. In vitro, basal and high pHo -induced increased NBCe1 functional expression was impaired following inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation. These results provide a novel regulation mode of NBCe1 protein and activity, highlight the importance of astrocyte reactivity on regulation of NBCe1 and implicate roles for NBCe1 in altering/modulating extracellular pH during development as well as of the microenvironment at sites of brain injuries and other pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Giannaki
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Schrödl-Häußel
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shokoufeh Khakipoor
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kirsch
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eleni Roussa
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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60
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Bland KM, Aharon A, Widener EL, Song MI, Casey ZO, Zuo Y, Vidal GS. FMRP regulates the subcellular distribution of cortical dendritic spine density in a non-cell-autonomous manner. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 150:105253. [PMID: 33421563 PMCID: PMC7878418 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of intellectual disability that arises from the dysfunction of a single gene-Fmr1. The main neuroanatomical correlate of FXS is elevated dendritic spine density on cortical pyramidal neurons, which has been modeled in Fmr1-/Y mice. However, the cell-autonomous contribution of Fmr1 on cortical dendritic spine density has not been assessed. Even less is known about the role of Fmr1 in heterozygous female mosaic mice, which are a putative model for human Fmr1 full mutation carriers (i.e., are heterozygous for the full Fmr1-silencing mutation). In this neuroanatomical study, spine density in cortical pyramidal neurons of Fmr1+/- and Fmr1-/Y mice was studied at multiple subcellular compartments, layers, and brain regions. Spine density in Fmr1+/- mice is higher than WT but lower than Fmr1-/Y. Not all subcellular compartments in layer V Fmr1+/- and Fmr1-/Y cortical pyramidal neurons are equally affected: the apical dendrite, a key subcellular compartment, is principally affected over basal dendrites. Within apical dendrites, spine density is differentially affected across branch orders. Finally, identification of FMRP-positive and FMRP-negative neurons within Fmr1+/- permitted the study of the cell-autonomous effect of Fmr1 on spine density. Surprisingly, layer V cortical pyramidal spine density between FMRP-positive and FMRP-negative neurons does not differ, suggesting that the regulation of the primary neuroanatomical defect of FXS-elevated spine density-is non-cell-autonomous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Bland
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22801, United States
| | - Adam Aharon
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Eden L Widener
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22801, United States
| | - M Irene Song
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22801, United States
| | - Zachary O Casey
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22801, United States
| | - Yi Zuo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States.
| | - George S Vidal
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22801, United States.
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Wang Y, Zhou J, Tang C, Yu J, Zhu W, Guo J, Wang Y. Positive effect of Astragaloside IV on neurite outgrowth via talin-dependent integrin signaling and microfilament force. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:2156-2168. [PMID: 32853433 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Integrin plays a prominent role in neurite outgrowth by transmitting both mechanical and chemical signals. Integrin expression is closely associated with Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), the main component extracted from Astragali radix, which has a positive effect on neural-protection. However, the relationship between AS-IV and neurite outgrowth has not been studied exhaustively to date. The present study investigated the underlying mechanism of AS-IV on neurite outgrowth. Longer neurites have been observed in SH-SY5Y cells or cortical neurons after AS-IV treatment. Furthermore, AS-IV not only increased the expression of integrin β but also activated it. The AS-IV-induced increased integrin activity was attributed to the integrin-activating protein talin. Application of the actin force probe showed that AS-IV led to an increase in intracellular microfilament force during neurite growth. Furthermore, in response to AS-IV, the microfilament force was regulated by talin and integrin activity during neurite growth. These results suggest that AS-IV has the ability to increase intracellular structural force and facilitate neurite elongation by integrin signaling, which highlights its therapeutic potential for neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanfeng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Chung Y, Kim Y, Yun N, Oh YJ. Dysregulated autophagy is linked to BAX oligomerization and subsequent cytochrome c release in 6-hydroxydopmaine-treated neuronal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 548:20-26. [PMID: 33631669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are essential physiological pathways that are required to maintain cellular homeostasis. Therefore, it is suggested that dysregulation in both pathways is linked to several disease states. Moreover, the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis plays an important role in pathophysiological processes associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. We have previously reported that 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces dysregulated autophagy, and that a dysregulated autophagic flux contributes to caspase-dependent neuronal apoptosis. Based on our previous findings, we specifically aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the potential role of dysregulated autophagy in apoptotic neurodegeneration. The disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) cross-linking assay and immunological analyses indicated that exposure of several types of cells to 6-OHDA resulted in BAX activation and subsequent oligomerization. Pharmacological inhibition and genetic perturbation of autophagy prevented 6-OHDA-induced BAX oligomerization and subsequent release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytosol and caspase activation. These events were independent of expression levels of XIAP. Taken together, our results suggest that BAX oligomerization comprises a critical step by which 6-OHDA-induced dysregulated autophagy mediates neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhyun Chung
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Nuri Yun
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Young J Oh
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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63
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Buffolo F, Petrosino V, Albini M, Moschetta M, Carlini F, Floss T, Kerlero de Rosbo N, Cesca F, Rocchi A, Uccelli A, Benfenati F. Neuroinflammation induces synaptic scaling through IL-1β-mediated activation of the transcriptional repressor REST/NRSF. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:180. [PMID: 33589593 PMCID: PMC7884694 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is associated with synapse dysfunction and cognitive decline in patients and animal models. One candidate for translating the inflammatory stress into structural and functional changes in neural networks is the transcriptional repressor RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) that regulates the expression of a wide cluster of neuron-specific genes during neurogenesis and in mature neurons. To study the cellular and molecular pathways activated under inflammatory conditions mimicking the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) environment, we analyzed REST activity in neuroblastoma cells and mouse cortical neurons treated with activated T cell or microglia supernatant and distinct pro-inflammatory cytokines. We found that REST is activated by a variety of neuroinflammatory stimuli in both neuroblastoma cells and primary neurons, indicating that a vast transcriptional change is triggered during neuroinflammation. While a dual activation of REST and its dominant-negative splicing isoform REST4 was observed in N2a neuroblastoma cells, primary neurons responded with a pure full-length REST upregulation in the absence of changes in REST4 expression. In both cases, REST upregulation was associated with activation of Wnt signaling and increased nuclear translocation of β-catenin, a well-known intracellular transduction pathway in neuroinflammation. Among single cytokines, IL-1β caused a potent and prompt increase in REST transcription and translation in neurons, which promoted a delayed and strong synaptic downscaling specific for excitatory synapses, with decreased frequency and amplitude of spontaneous synaptic currents, decreased density of excitatory synaptic connections, and decreased frequency of action potential-evoked Ca2+ transients. Most important, the IL-1β effects on excitatory transmission were strictly REST dependent, as conditional deletion of REST completely occluded the effects of IL-1β activation on synaptic transmission and network excitability. Our results demonstrate that REST upregulation represents a new pathogenic mechanism for the synaptic dysfunctions observed under neuroinflammatory conditions and identify the REST pathway as therapeutic target for EAE and, potentially, for multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Buffolo
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Valentina Petrosino
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Largo P. Daneo, 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Albini
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Matteo Moschetta
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Carlini
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Largo P. Daneo, 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Thomas Floss
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nicole Kerlero de Rosbo
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Largo P. Daneo, 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Cesca
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Anna Rocchi
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Antonio Uccelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Largo P. Daneo, 3, 16132, Genova, Italy.
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.
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Kogel V, Trinh S, Gasterich N, Beyer C, Seitz J. Long-Term Glucose Starvation Induces Inflammatory Responses and Phenotype Switch in Primary Cortical Rat Astrocytes. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:2368-2382. [PMID: 33580474 PMCID: PMC8585803 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the brain and crucial to ensure the metabolic supply of neurons and their synapse formation. Overnutrition as present in patients suffering from obesity causes astrogliosis in the hypothalamus. Other diseases accompanied by malnutrition appear to have an impact on the brain and astrocyte function. In the eating disorder anorexia nervosa (AN), patients suffer from undernutrition and develop volume reductions of the cerebral cortex, associated with reduced astrocyte proliferation and cell count. Although an effect on astrocytes and their function has already been shown for overnutrition, their role in long-term undernutrition remains unclear. The present study used primary rat cerebral cortex astrocytes to investigate their response to chronic glucose starvation. Cells were grown with a medium containing a reduced glucose concentration (2 mM) for 15 days. Long-term glucose starvation increased the expression of a subset of pro-inflammatory genes and shifted the primary astrocyte population to the pro-inflammatory A1-like phenotype. Moreover, genes encoding for proteins involved in the unfolded protein response were elevated. Our findings demonstrate that astrocytes under chronic glucose starvation respond with an inflammatory reaction. With respect to the multiple functions of astrocytes, an association between elevated inflammatory responses due to chronic starvation and alterations found in the brain of patients suffering from undernutrition seems possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Kogel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Trinh
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Natalie Gasterich
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Delgado D, Bilbao AM, Beitia M, Garate A, Sánchez P, González-Burguera I, Isasti A, López De Jesús M, Zuazo-Ibarra J, Montilla A, Domercq M, Capetillo-Zarate E, García del Caño G, Sallés J, Matute C, Sánchez M. Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Cellular Populations of the Central Nervous System: The Influence of Donor Age. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041725. [PMID: 33572157 PMCID: PMC7915891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a biologic therapy that promotes healing responses across multiple medical fields, including the central nervous system (CNS). The efficacy of this therapy depends on several factors such as the donor's health status and age. This work aims to prove the effect of PRP on cellular models of the CNS, considering the differences between PRP from young and elderly donors. Two different PRP pools were prepared from donors 65‒85 and 20‒25 years old. The cellular and molecular composition of both PRPs were analyzed. Subsequently, the cellular response was evaluated in CNS in vitro models, studying proliferation, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and inflammation. While no differences in the cellular composition of PRPs were found, the molecular composition of the Young PRP showed lower levels of inflammatory molecules such as CCL-11, as well as the presence of other factors not found in Aged PRP (GDF-11). Although both PRPs had effects in terms of reducing neural progenitor cell apoptosis, stabilizing neuronal synapses, and decreasing inflammation in the microglia, the effect of the Young PRP was more pronounced. In conclusion, the molecular composition of the PRP, conditioned by the age of the donors, affects the magnitude of the biological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Delgado
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (D.D.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Ane Miren Bilbao
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
| | - Maider Beitia
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (D.D.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Ane Garate
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (D.D.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Pello Sánchez
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (D.D.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Imanol González-Burguera
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.G.-B.); (G.G.d.C.)
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.I.); (M.L.D.J.); (J.S.)
| | - Amaia Isasti
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.I.); (M.L.D.J.); (J.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Maider López De Jesús
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.I.); (M.L.D.J.); (J.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jone Zuazo-Ibarra
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.Z.-I.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (E.C.-Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Alejandro Montilla
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.Z.-I.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (E.C.-Z.); (C.M.)
| | - María Domercq
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.Z.-I.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (E.C.-Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Estibaliz Capetillo-Zarate
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.Z.-I.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (E.C.-Z.); (C.M.)
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Gontzal García del Caño
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.G.-B.); (G.G.d.C.)
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.I.); (M.L.D.J.); (J.S.)
| | - Joan Sallés
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.I.); (M.L.D.J.); (J.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Matute
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.Z.-I.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (E.C.-Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Mikel Sánchez
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (D.D.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (P.S.)
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-945-252077
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Gao Y, Zhang J, Li S, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Chang C, Qiu Y, Yang G. Cattle Encephalon Glycoside and Ignotin Protects Neurons Against Microglia-Induced Neuroinflammation via Elevating BDNF Expression and Inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB Pathway. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:326-336. [PMID: 33185801 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is involved in the pathology and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is closely related to microglial activation. We have previously reported that cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin (CEGI) could inhibit the activation of microglia in APP/PS1 mice, a mouse model of familial AD. However, the anti-neuroinflammatory mechanisms of CEGI have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of CEGI in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in AD. APP/PS1 mice were treated with CEGI intraperitoneally for 30 days, and then their cognition was assessed. We showed that CEGI alleviated cognitive damage with higher nesting scores, preferential indices, and spontaneous alternation rates in APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, CEGI treatment effectively reduced microglial activation and Iba-1 levels in the cortex of APP/PS1 mice. Additionally, CEGI decreased pro-inflammatory factors production and neuroinflammation-mediated neuronal damage in vivo and in vitro. Finally, CEGI upregulated BDNF levels and downregulated TLR4 and p-NF-κB p65 levels in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, these findings indicated that CEGI could attenuate cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice and suppress microglia-induced neuroinflammation via increasing BDNF expression and inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 05000, Hebei, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 05000, Hebei, China
| | - Shuyue Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 05000, Hebei, China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 05000, Hebei, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 05000, Hebei, China
| | - Cui Chang
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 05000, Hebei, China
| | - Ya Qiu
- Institute of Geriatrics, 2nd Medical Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Guofeng Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 05000, Hebei, China.
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Abstract
Bioengineered 3D tunable neuronal constructs are a versatile platform for studying neuronal network functions, offering numerous advantages over existing technologies and providing for the discovery of new biological insights. Functional neural networks can be evaluated using calcium imaging and quantitatively described using network science. This protocol includes instructions for fabricating protein-based composite scaffolds, 3D in vitro culture of embryonic mouse cortical neurons, virally induced expression of GCaMP6f, wide-field calcium imaging, and computational analysis with open-source software and custom MATLAB code. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Dingle et al. (2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting L. Dingle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Mattia Bonzanni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Volha Liaudanskaya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Thomas J.F. Nieland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Corresponding author
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68
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Adhya D, Chennell G, Crowe JA, Valencia-Alarcón EP, Seyforth J, Hosny NA, Yasvoina MV, Forster R, Baron-Cohen S, Vernon AC, Srivastava DP. Application of Airy beam light sheet microscopy to examine early neurodevelopmental structures in 3D hiPSC-derived human cortical spheroids. Mol Autism 2021; 12:4. [PMID: 33482917 PMCID: PMC7821651 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-021-00413-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inability to observe relevant biological processes in vivo significantly restricts human neurodevelopmental research. Advances in appropriate in vitro model systems, including patient-specific human brain organoids and human cortical spheroids (hCSs), offer a pragmatic solution to this issue. In particular, hCSs are an accessible method for generating homogenous organoids of dorsal telencephalic fate, which recapitulate key aspects of human corticogenesis, including the formation of neural rosettes-in vitro correlates of the neural tube. These neurogenic niches give rise to neural progenitors that subsequently differentiate into neurons. Studies differentiating induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in 2D have linked atypical formation of neural rosettes with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum conditions. Thus far, however, conventional methods of tissue preparation in this field limit the ability to image these structures in three-dimensions within intact hCS or other 3D preparations. To overcome this limitation, we have sought to optimise a methodological approach to process hCSs to maximise the utility of a novel Airy-beam light sheet microscope (ALSM) to acquire high resolution volumetric images of internal structures within hCS representative of early developmental time points. RESULTS Conventional approaches to imaging hCS by confocal microscopy were limited in their ability to image effectively into intact spheroids. Conversely, volumetric acquisition by ALSM offered superior imaging through intact, non-clarified, in vitro tissues, in both speed and resolution when compared to conventional confocal imaging systems. Furthermore, optimised immunohistochemistry and optical clearing of hCSs afforded improved imaging at depth. This permitted visualization of the morphology of the inner lumen of neural rosettes. CONCLUSION We present an optimized methodology that takes advantage of an ALSM system that can rapidly image intact 3D brain organoids at high resolution while retaining a large field of view. This imaging modality can be applied to both non-cleared and cleared in vitro human brain spheroids derived from hiPSCs for precise examination of their internal 3D structures. This process represents a rapid, highly efficient method to examine and quantify in 3D the formation of key structures required for the coordination of neurodevelopmental processes in both health and disease states. We posit that this approach would facilitate investigation of human neurodevelopmental processes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwaipayan Adhya
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - George Chennell
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James A Crowe
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eva P Valencia-Alarcón
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James Seyforth
- M Squared Life Ltd., The Surrey Technology Centre, 40 Occam Road, Guildford, UK
| | - Neveen A Hosny
- M Squared Life Ltd., The Surrey Technology Centre, 40 Occam Road, Guildford, UK
| | - Marina V Yasvoina
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Forster
- M Squared Life Ltd., The Surrey Technology Centre, 40 Occam Road, Guildford, UK
| | - Simon Baron-Cohen
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anthony C Vernon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Deepak P Srivastava
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK.
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Rich S, Moradi Chameh H, Sekulic V, Valiante TA, Skinner FK. Modeling Reveals Human-Rodent Differences in H-Current Kinetics Influencing Resonance in Cortical Layer 5 Neurons. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:845-872. [PMID: 33068000 PMCID: PMC7906797 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While our understanding of human neurons is often inferred from rodent data, inter-species differences between neurons can be captured by building cellular models specifically from human data. This includes understanding differences at the level of ion channels and their implications for human brain function. Thus, we here present a full spiking, biophysically detailed multi-compartment model of a human layer 5 (L5) cortical pyramidal cell. Model development was primarily based on morphological and electrophysiological data from the same human L5 neuron, avoiding confounds of experimental variability. Focus was placed on describing the behavior of the hyperpolarization-activated cation (h-) channel, given increasing interest in this channel due to its role in pacemaking and differentiating cell types. We ensured that the model exhibited post-inhibitory rebound spiking considering its relationship with the h-current, along with other general spiking characteristics. The model was validated against data not used in its development, which highlighted distinctly slower kinetics of the human h-current relative to the rodent setting. We linked the lack of subthreshold resonance observed in human L5 neurons to these human-specific h-current kinetics. This work shows that it is possible and necessary to build human-specific biophysical neuron models in order to understand human brain dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Rich
- Division of Clinical and Computational Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Homeira Moradi Chameh
- Division of Clinical and Computational Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Vladislav Sekulic
- Division of Clinical and Computational Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Taufik A Valiante
- Division of Clinical and Computational Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Frances K Skinner
- Division of Clinical and Computational Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
- Departments of Medicine (Neurology) and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
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Kvist G. Derivation of Adult Human Cortical Organotypic Slice Cultures for Coculture with Reprogrammed Neuronal Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2352:253-259. [PMID: 34324192 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1601-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Adult human cortical organotypic slice culture is an attractive model system to explore mechanisms of human brain pathology as well as to test drug candidates for treatment of neurodegeneration. Acute studies in human brain slices are limited by the lifetime of the tissue and focus mainly on hippocampus slice preparation. Here we describe the derivation of human organotypic slice cultures of cortical origin, which can be kept in culture for up to 6 weeks. This method enabled us to test the system in coculture with reprogrammed neurons and show its feasibility in neuronal cell integration experiments in human-to-human grafting situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giedre Kvist
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Gao PP, Graham JW, Zhou WL, Jang J, Angulo S, Dura-Bernal S, Hines M, Lytton WW, Antic SD. Local glutamate-mediated dendritic plateau potentials change the state of the cortical pyramidal neuron. J Neurophysiol 2021; 125:23-42. [PMID: 33085562 PMCID: PMC8087381 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00734.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spikes in thin dendritic branches (basal and oblique dendrites) are traditionally inferred from spikelets measured in the cell body. Here, we used laser-spot voltage-sensitive dye imaging in cortical pyramidal neurons (rat brain slices) to investigate the voltage waveforms of dendritic potentials occurring in response to spatially restricted glutamatergic inputs. Local dendritic potentials lasted 200-500 ms and propagated to the cell body, where they caused sustained 10- to 20-mV depolarizations. Plateau potentials propagating from dendrite to soma and action potentials propagating from soma to dendrite created complex voltage waveforms in the middle of the thin basal dendrite, comprised of local sodium spikelets, local plateau potentials, and backpropagating action potentials, superimposed on each other. Our model replicated these voltage waveforms across a gradient of glutamatergic stimulation intensities. The model then predicted that somatic input resistance (Rin) and membrane time constant (tau) may be reduced during dendritic plateau potential. We then tested these model predictions in real neurons and found that the model correctly predicted the direction of Rin and tau change but not the magnitude. In summary, dendritic plateau potentials occurring in basal and oblique branches put pyramidal neurons into an activated neuronal state ("prepared state"), characterized by depolarized membrane potential and smaller but faster membrane responses. The prepared state provides a time window of 200-500 ms, during which cortical neurons are particularly excitable and capable of following afferent inputs. At the network level, this predicts that sets of cells with simultaneous plateaus would provide cellular substrate for the formation of functional neuronal ensembles.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In cortical pyramidal neurons, we recorded glutamate-mediated dendritic plateau potentials with voltage imaging and created a computer model that recreated experimental measures from dendrite and cell body. Our model made new predictions, which were then tested in experiments. Plateau potentials profoundly change neuronal state: a plateau potential triggered in one basal dendrite depolarizes the soma and shortens membrane time constant, making the cell more susceptible to firing triggered by other afferent inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng P Gao
- Institute for Systems Genomics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Joseph W Graham
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Wen-Liang Zhou
- Institute for Systems Genomics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jinyoung Jang
- Institute for Systems Genomics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Sergio Angulo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate, Brooklyn, New York
| | | | - Michael Hines
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - William W Lytton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate, Brooklyn, New York
- Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Srdjan D Antic
- Institute for Systems Genomics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
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72
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Teng L, Guan T, Guo B, Ma C, Lin G, Wu R, Xu M, Liu M, Liu Y. GIP-GIPR promotes neurite outgrowth of cortical neurons in Akt dependent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 534:121-127. [PMID: 33321289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic capacity of axonal growth is varied among the neurons form different tissues or different developmental stages. In this study, we established an in vitro model to compare the axonal growth of neurons from embryonic 18 days, post-natal 1 day and post-natal 3 days rat. The E18 neurons showed powerful ability of neuritogenensis and axon outgrowth and the ability decreased rapidly along with development. The transcriptome profile of these neurons revealed a set of genes positively correlated with the capacity of neurite outgrowth. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) is identified as a gene to promote neurite outgrowth, which was approved by siRNA knock down assay in E18 neuron. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), a ligand of GIPR secreted from enteroendocrine K cells, is well-known for its role in nutrient sensing and intake. To verify the effect of GIP-GIPR signal on neurite outgrowth, we administrated GIP to stimulate the E18 neurons, the results showed that GIP significantly improved extension of axon. We further revealed that GIP increased Rac1/Cdc42 phosphorylation in Akt dependent manner. In summary, our study established an in vitro model to screen the genes involved in neurite outgrowth, and we provided mechanical insight on the GIP-GIPR axis to promote axonal outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Teng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, China
| | - Tuchen Guan
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, China
| | - Beibei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, China
| | - Ronghua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, China
| | - Man Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, China.
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Patel Y, Parker N, Shin J, Howard D, French L, Thomopoulos SI, Pozzi E, Abe Y, Abé C, Anticevic A, Alda M, Aleman A, Alloza C, Alonso-Lana S, Ameis SH, Anagnostou E, McIntosh AA, Arango C, Arnold PD, Asherson P, Assogna F, Auzias G, Ayesa-Arriola R, Bakker G, Banaj N, Banaschewski T, Bandeira CE, Baranov A, Bargalló N, Bau CHD, Baumeister S, Baune BT, Bellgrove MA, Benedetti F, Bertolino A, Boedhoe PSW, Boks M, Bollettini I, Del Mar Bonnin C, Borgers T, Borgwardt S, Brandeis D, Brennan BP, Bruggemann JM, Bülow R, Busatto GF, Calderoni S, Calhoun VD, Calvo R, Canales-Rodríguez EJ, Cannon DM, Carr VJ, Cascella N, Cercignani M, Chaim-Avancini TM, Christakou A, Coghill D, Conzelmann A, Crespo-Facorro B, Cubillo AI, Cullen KR, Cupertino RB, Daly E, Dannlowski U, Davey CG, Denys D, Deruelle C, Di Giorgio A, Dickie EW, Dima D, Dohm K, Ehrlich S, Ely BA, Erwin-Grabner T, Ethofer T, Fair DA, Fallgatter AJ, Faraone SV, Fatjó-Vilas M, Fedor JM, Fitzgerald KD, Ford JM, Frodl T, Fu CHY, Fullerton JM, Gabel MC, Glahn DC, Roberts G, Gogberashvili T, Goikolea JM, Gotlib IH, Goya-Maldonado R, Grabe HJ, Green MJ, Grevet EH, Groenewold NA, Grotegerd D, Gruber O, Gruner P, Guerrero-Pedraza A, Gur RE, Gur RC, Haar S, Haarman BCM, Haavik J, Hahn T, Hajek T, Harrison BJ, Harrison NA, Hartman CA, Whalley HC, Heslenfeld DJ, Hibar DP, Hilland E, Hirano Y, Ho TC, Hoekstra PJ, Hoekstra L, Hohmann S, Hong LE, Höschl C, Høvik MF, Howells FM, Nenadic I, Jalbrzikowski M, James AC, Janssen J, Jaspers-Fayer F, Xu J, Jonassen R, Karkashadze G, King JA, Kircher T, Kirschner M, Koch K, Kochunov P, Kohls G, Konrad K, Krämer B, Krug A, Kuntsi J, Kwon JS, Landén M, Landrø NI, Lazaro L, Lebedeva IS, Leehr EJ, Lera-Miguel S, Lesch KP, Lochner C, Louza MR, Luna B, Lundervold AJ, MacMaster FP, Maglanoc LA, Malpas CB, Portella MJ, Marsh R, Martyn FM, Mataix-Cols D, Mathalon DH, McCarthy H, McDonald C, McPhilemy G, Meinert S, Menchón JM, Minuzzi L, Mitchell PB, Moreno C, Morgado P, Muratori F, Murphy CM, Murphy D, Mwangi B, Nabulsi L, Nakagawa A, Nakamae T, Namazova L, Narayanaswamy J, Jahanshad N, Nguyen DD, Nicolau R, O'Gorman Tuura RL, O'Hearn K, Oosterlaan J, Opel N, Ophoff RA, Oranje B, García de la Foz VO, Overs BJ, Paloyelis Y, Pantelis C, Parellada M, Pauli P, Picó-Pérez M, Picon FA, Piras F, Piras F, Plessen KJ, Pomarol-Clotet E, Preda A, Puig O, Quidé Y, Radua J, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Rasser PE, Rauer L, Reddy J, Redlich R, Reif A, Reneman L, Repple J, Retico A, Richarte V, Richter A, Rosa PGP, Rubia KK, Hashimoto R, Sacchet MD, Salvador R, Santonja J, Sarink K, Sarró S, Satterthwaite TD, Sawa A, Schall U, Schofield PR, Schrantee A, Seitz J, Serpa MH, Setién-Suero E, Shaw P, Shook D, Silk TJ, Sim K, Simon S, Simpson HB, Singh A, Skoch A, Skokauskas N, Soares JC, Soreni N, Soriano-Mas C, Spalletta G, Spaniel F, Lawrie SM, Stern ER, Stewart SE, Takayanagi Y, Temmingh HS, Tolin DF, Tomecek D, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, Tosetti M, Uhlmann A, van Amelsvoort T, van der Wee NJA, van der Werff SJA, van Haren NEM, van Wingen GA, Vance A, Vázquez-Bourgon J, Vecchio D, Venkatasubramanian G, Vieta E, Vilarroya O, Vives-Gilabert Y, Voineskos AN, Völzke H, von Polier GG, Walton E, Weickert TW, Weickert CS, Weideman AS, Wittfeld K, Wolf DH, Wu MJ, Yang TT, Yang K, Yoncheva Y, Yun JY, Cheng Y, Zanetti MV, Ziegler GC, Franke B, Hoogman M, Buitelaar JK, van Rooij D, Andreassen OA, Ching CRK, Veltman DJ, Schmaal L, Stein DJ, van den Heuvel OA, Turner JA, van Erp TGM, Pausova Z, Thompson PM, Paus T. Virtual Histology of Cortical Thickness and Shared Neurobiology in 6 Psychiatric Disorders. JAMA Psychiatry 2021; 78:47-63. [PMID: 32857118 PMCID: PMC7450410 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.2694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Large-scale neuroimaging studies have revealed group differences in cortical thickness across many psychiatric disorders. The underlying neurobiology behind these differences is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To determine neurobiologic correlates of group differences in cortical thickness between cases and controls in 6 disorders: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and schizophrenia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Profiles of group differences in cortical thickness between cases and controls were generated using T1-weighted magnetic resonance images. Similarity between interregional profiles of cell-specific gene expression and those in the group differences in cortical thickness were investigated in each disorder. Next, principal component analysis was used to reveal a shared profile of group difference in thickness across the disorders. Analysis for gene coexpression, clustering, and enrichment for genes associated with these disorders were conducted. Data analysis was conducted between June and December 2019. The analysis included 145 cohorts across 6 psychiatric disorders drawn from the ENIGMA consortium. The numbers of cases and controls in each of the 6 disorders were as follows: ADHD: 1814 and 1602; ASD: 1748 and 1770; BD: 1547 and 3405; MDD: 2658 and 3572; OCD: 2266 and 2007; and schizophrenia: 2688 and 3244. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Interregional profiles of group difference in cortical thickness between cases and controls. RESULTS A total of 12 721 cases and 15 600 controls, ranging from ages 2 to 89 years, were included in this study. Interregional profiles of group differences in cortical thickness for each of the 6 psychiatric disorders were associated with profiles of gene expression specific to pyramidal (CA1) cells, astrocytes (except for BD), and microglia (except for OCD); collectively, gene-expression profiles of the 3 cell types explain between 25% and 54% of variance in interregional profiles of group differences in cortical thickness. Principal component analysis revealed a shared profile of difference in cortical thickness across the 6 disorders (48% variance explained); interregional profile of this principal component 1 was associated with that of the pyramidal-cell gene expression (explaining 56% of interregional variation). Coexpression analyses of these genes revealed 2 clusters: (1) a prenatal cluster enriched with genes involved in neurodevelopmental (axon guidance) processes and (2) a postnatal cluster enriched with genes involved in synaptic activity and plasticity-related processes. These clusters were enriched with genes associated with all 6 psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, shared neurobiologic processes were associated with differences in cortical thickness across multiple psychiatric disorders. These processes implicate a common role of prenatal development and postnatal functioning of the cerebral cortex in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Patel
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadine Parker
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean Shin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Derek Howard
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leon French
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Elena Pozzi
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Yoshinari Abe
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Christoph Abé
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Andre Aleman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Clara Alloza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Silvia Alonso-Lana
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Stephanie H Ameis
- The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andrew A McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, CIBERSAM
| | - Paul D Arnold
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Philip Asherson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience; King's College London, London, England
| | - Francesca Assogna
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Guillaume Auzias
- INT UMR 7289, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | - Geor Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cibele E Bandeira
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandr Baranov
- The Research Institute of Pediatrics and Child Health of the Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Núria Bargalló
- Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claiton H D Bau
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sarah Baumeister
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - Mark A Bellgrove
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Premika S W Boedhoe
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Boks
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Irene Bollettini
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Caterina Del Mar Bonnin
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tiana Borgers
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Brian P Brennan
- McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Jason M Bruggemann
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Geraldo F Busatto
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience - IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rosa Calvo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM); University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erick J Canales-Rodríguez
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Dara M Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Vaughan J Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicola Cascella
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mara Cercignani
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, England
| | - Tiffany M Chaim-Avancini
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anastasia Christakou
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, England
| | - David Coghill
- Departments of Paediatrics and Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Annette Conzelmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain; Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana I Cubillo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London UK; Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kathryn R Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Renata B Cupertino
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eileen Daly
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, London, London, England
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Damiaan Denys
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Erin W Dickie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danai Dima
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Social Sciences, City, University of London, Northampton Square, Clerkenwell, London, England
| | - Katharina Dohm
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Benjamin A Ely
- Department of Psychiatry and Biological Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, the Bronx, New York
| | - Tracy Erwin-Grabner
- University Medical Center Goettingen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry, Göettingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Ethofer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Damien A Fair
- Behavioral Neuroscience Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | | | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Mar Fatjó-Vilas
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jennifer M Fedor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kate D Fitzgerald
- Child OCD and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Judith M Ford
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cynthia H Y Fu
- University of East London, School of Psychology, London, England
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matt C Gabel
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, England
| | - David C Glahn
- Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gloria Roberts
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Jose M Goikolea
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Roberto Goya-Maldonado
- University Medical Center Goettingen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry, Göettingen, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Melissa J Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eugenio H Grevet
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patricia Gruner
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Shlomi Haar
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Bartholomeus C M Haarman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tim Hahn
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - Tomas Hajek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Benjamin J Harrison
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neil A Harrison
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, England
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Heather C Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Dirk J Heslenfeld
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Eva Hilland
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yoshiyuki Hirano
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tiffany C Ho
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Hoekstra
- Radboud University Medical Center, Karakter University Center of Child And Adolescent Psychiatry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - L E Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cyril Höschl
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Marie F Høvik
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fleur M Howells
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Igor Nenadic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Joost Janssen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Fern Jaspers-Fayer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming. China
| | - Rune Jonassen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Georgii Karkashadze
- Research Institute of Pediatrics and child health of the Central clinical hospital of the Ministry of Science and Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Joseph A King
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kirschner
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kathrin Koch
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gregor Kohls
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- Child Neuropsychology Section, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, German; JARA-Brain Institute II Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Bernd Krämer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience; King's College London, London, England
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nils I Landrø
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Luisa Lazaro
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM); University of Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Sara Lera-Miguel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christine Lochner
- SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Mario R Louza
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank P MacMaster
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luigi A Maglanoc
- University Centre for Information Technology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charles B Malpas
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maria J Portella
- Group of Research in Mental Health, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, IIBSant Pau; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rachel Marsh
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Fiona M Martyn
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - David Mataix-Cols
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Hazel McCarthy
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Genevieve McPhilemy
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Susanne Meinert
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - José M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciano Minuzzi
- McMaster University, Mood Disorders Program, SJH Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carmen Moreno
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, CIBERSAM
| | - Pedro Morgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience - IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa
| | - Clodagh M Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, King's College London, London, England
| | - Declan Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, England
| | - Benson Mwangi
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Leila Nabulsi
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Akiko Nakagawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamae
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Leyla Namazova
- The Research Institute of Pediatrics and Child Health of the Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Janardhanan Narayanaswamy
- OCD clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Danai D Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine
| | - Rosa Nicolau
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Kirsten O'Hearn
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nils Opel
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Bob Oranje
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Victor Ortiz García de la Foz
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain
| | | | - Yannis Paloyelis
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, England
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mara Parellada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, CIBERSAM
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), and Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Picó-Pérez
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Felipe A Picon
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Kerstin J Plessen
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Adrian Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine
| | - Olga Puig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM); University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yann Quidé
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Paul E Rasser
- Priority Centre for Brain & Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa Rauer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janardhan Reddy
- OCD clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Ronny Redlich
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Liesbeth Reneman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Repple
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Vanesa Richarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anja Richter
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pedro G P Rosa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katya K Rubia
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matthew D Sacchet
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Javier Santonja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
| | - Kelvin Sarink
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - Salvador Sarró
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ulrich Schall
- Priority Centre for Brain & Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Anouk Schrantee
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mauricio H Serpa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Esther Setién-Suero
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | - Philip Shaw
- National Human Genome Research Institute and National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Devon Shook
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim J Silk
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Schmitt Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Aditya Singh
- University Medical Center Goettingen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry, Göettingen, Germany
| | - Antonin Skoch
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Norbert Skokauskas
- Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Institute of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jair C Soares
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Noam Soreni
- Pediatric OCD Consultation Clinic, Anxiety Treatment and Research Center, SJH Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Filip Spaniel
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Emily R Stern
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, Nathan Kline Institute, New York
| | - S Evelyn Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yoichiro Takayanagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Henk S Temmingh
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David F Tolin
- Anxiety Disorders Center, The Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - David Tomecek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain
| | - Michela Tosetti
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Magnetic Resonance - IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nic J A van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guido A van Wingen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alasdair Vance
- Academic Child Psychiatry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Javier Vázquez-Bourgon
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | - Daniela Vecchio
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- OCD clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Vilarroya
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg G von Polier
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Esther Walton
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, England
| | - Thomas W Weickert
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Andrea S Weideman
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Mon-Ju Wu
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - T T Yang
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, Weill Institute for Neurosciences
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yuliya Yoncheva
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Child Study Center, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York
| | - Je-Yeon Yun
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuqi Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Marcus V Zanetti
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Georg C Ziegler
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dan J Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Psychology Department and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Tomáš Paus
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Toyoda H, Katagiri A, Kato T, Sato H. Intranasal Administration of Rotenone Reduces GABAergic Inhibition in the Mouse Insular Cortex Leading to Impairment of LTD and Conditioned Taste Aversion Memory. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010259. [PMID: 33383859 PMCID: PMC7795793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pesticide rotenone inhibits mitochondrial complex I and is thought to cause neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and cognitive disorders. However, little is known about the effects of rotenone on conditioned taste aversion memory. In the present study, we investigated whether intranasal administration of rotenone affects conditioned taste aversion memory in mice. We also examined how the intranasal administration of rotenone modulates synaptic transmission and plasticity in layer V pyramidal neurons of the mouse insular cortex that is critical for conditioned taste aversion memory. We found that the intranasal administration of rotenone impaired conditioned taste aversion memory to bitter taste. Regarding its cellular mechanisms, long-term depression (LTD) but not long-term potentiation (LTP) was impaired in rotenone-treated mice. Furthermore, spontaneous inhibitory synaptic currents and tonic GABA currents were decreased in layer V pyramidal neurons of rotenone-treated mice compared to the control mice. The impaired LTD observed in pyramidal neurons of rotenone-treated mice was restored by a GABAA receptor agonist muscimol. These results suggest that intranasal administration of rotenone decreases GABAergic synaptic transmission in layer V pyramidal neurons of the mouse insular cortex, the result of which leads to impairment of LTD and conditioned taste aversion memory.
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Meyerink BL, Tiwari NK, Pilaz LJ. Ariadne's Thread in the Developing Cerebral Cortex: Mechanisms Enabling the Guiding Role of the Radial Glia Basal Process during Neuron Migration. Cells 2020; 10:E3. [PMID: 33375033 PMCID: PMC7822038 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radial neuron migration in the developing cerebral cortex is a complex journey, starting in the germinal zones and ending in the cortical plate. In mice, migratory distances can reach several hundreds of microns, or millimeters in humans. Along the migratory path, radially migrating neurons slither through cellularly dense and complex territories before they reach their final destination in the cortical plate. This task is facilitated by radial glia, the neural stem cells of the developing cortex. Indeed, radial glia have a unique bipolar morphology, enabling them to serve as guides for neuronal migration. The key guiding structure of radial glia is the basal process, which traverses the entire thickness of the developing cortex. Neurons recognize the basal process as their guide and maintain physical interactions with this structure until the end of migration. Thus, the radial glia basal process plays a key role during radial migration. In this review, we highlight the pathways enabling neuron-basal process interactions during migration, as well as the known mechanisms regulating the morphology of the radial glia basal process. Throughout, we describe how dysregulation of these interactions and of basal process morphology can have profound effects on cortical development, and therefore lead to neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L. Meyerink
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (B.L.M.); (N.K.T.)
- Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Neeraj K. Tiwari
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (B.L.M.); (N.K.T.)
| | - Louis-Jan Pilaz
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (B.L.M.); (N.K.T.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
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Petrella C, Ciotti MT, Nisticò R, Piccinin S, Calissano P, Capsoni S, Mercanti D, Cavallaro S, Possenti R, Severini C. Involvement of Bradykinin Receptor 2 in Nerve Growth Factor Neuroprotective Activity. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122651. [PMID: 33321704 PMCID: PMC7763563 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF) has been demonstrated to upregulate the gene expression of bradykinin receptor 2 (B2R) on sensory neurons, thus facilitating nociceptive signals. The aim of the present study is to investigate the involvement of B2R in the NGF mechanism of action in nonsensory neurons in vitro by using rat mixed cortical primary cultures (CNs) and mouse hippocampal slices, and in vivo in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) transgenic mice (5xFAD) chronically treated with NGF. A significant NGF-mediated upregulation of B2R was demonstrated by microarray, Western blot, and immunofluorescence analysis in CNs, indicating microglial cells as the target of this modulation. The B2R involvement in the NGF mechanism of action was also demonstrated by using a selective B2R antagonist which was able to reverse the neuroprotective effect of NGF in CNs, as revealed by viability assay, and the NGF-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal slices. To confirm in vitro observations, B2R upregulation was observed in 5xFAD mouse brain following chronic intranasal NGF treatment. This study demonstrates for the first time that B2R is a key element in the neuroprotective activity and synaptic plasticity mediated by NGF in brain cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Petrella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155-00161 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (M.T.C.); (D.M.)
| | - Maria Teresa Ciotti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155-00161 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (M.T.C.); (D.M.)
| | - Robert Nisticò
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.N.); (S.P.)
- Rita Levi-Montalcini European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena, 295, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sonia Piccinin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.N.); (S.P.)
| | - Pietro Calissano
- Rita Levi-Montalcini European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena, 295, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Simona Capsoni
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Bio@SNS Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri, 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Delio Mercanti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155-00161 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (M.T.C.); (D.M.)
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy;
| | - Roberta Possenti
- Department Medicine of Systems, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Severini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155-00161 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (M.T.C.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the PSEN1 and PSEN2 genes are the major cause of familial Alzheimer's disease. Previous studies demonstrated that Presenilin (PS), the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase, is required for survival of excitatory neurons in the cerebral cortex during aging. However, the role of PS in inhibitory interneurons had not been explored. METHODS To determine PS function in GABAergic neurons, we generated inhibitory neuron-specific PS conditional double knockout (IN-PS cDKO) mice, in which PS is selectively inactivated by Cre recombinase expressed under the control of the endogenous GAD2 promoter. We then performed behavioral, biochemical, and histological analyses to evaluate the consequences of selective PS inactivation in inhibitory neurons. RESULTS IN-PS cDKO mice exhibit earlier mortality and lower body weight despite normal food intake and basal activity. Western analysis of protein lysates from various brain sub-regions of IN-PS cDKO mice showed significant reduction of PS1 levels and dramatic accumulation of γ-secretase substrates. Interestingly, IN-PS cDKO mice develop age-dependent loss of GABAergic neurons, as shown by normal number of GAD67-immunoreactive interneurons in the cerebral cortex at 2-3 months of age but reduced number of cortical interneurons at 9 months. Moreover, age-dependent reduction of Parvalbumin- and Somatostatin-immunoreactive interneurons is more pronounced in the neocortex and hippocampus of IN-PS cDKO mice. Consistent with these findings, the number of apoptotic cells is elevated in the cerebral cortex of IN-PS cDKO mice, and the enhanced apoptosis is due to dramatic increases of apoptotic interneurons, whereas the number of apoptotic excitatory neurons is unaffected. Furthermore, progressive loss of interneurons in the cerebral cortex of IN-PS cDKO mice is accompanied with astrogliosis and microgliosis. CONCLUSION Our results together support a cell-autonomous role of PS in the survival of cortical interneurons during aging. Together with earlier studies, these findings demonstrate a universal, essential requirement of PS in the survival of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongkyun Kang
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Shin J, Pelletier S, Richer L, Pike GB, Gaudet D, Paus T, Pausova Z. Adiposity-related insulin resistance and thickness of the cerebral cortex in middle-aged adults. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12921. [PMID: 33340164 PMCID: PMC8132297 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The thickness of the cerebral cortex decreases with ageing. Recent research suggests that obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus may accelerate this cortical thinning, and that obesity-related insulin resistance may be a shared mechanistic pathway. Ageing of the cerebral cortex demonstrates sex-specific trajectories, with a gradual shift towards accelerated thinning beginning in midlife. Here, we investigated whether adiposity-related insulin resistance is associated with lower thickness of the human cerebral cortex in a community-based sample of middle-aged adults. We studied 533 adult participants (36-65 years) from the Saguenay Youth Study. Adiposity was assessed with bioimpedance, and insulin resistance was evaluated from a fasting blood sample with the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Associations between adiposity-related insulin resistance (adiposity/IR) and cortical thickness were assessed with linear models, separately in males and females younger or older than 50 years. Potential biological underpinnings were investigated with virtual histology. Adiposity/IR was associated with lower cortical thickness in females older than 50 years but not in males or younger females. The strength of the association varied across the cerebral cortex, with regions of the lateral frontal and parietal cortices and the superior temporal cortex demonstrating most pronounced thinning. Based on virtual histology, adiposity/IR-related cortical thinning may involve neurones, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells acting so that they lower the cortical potential for synaptogenesis, formation of dendritic spines, production of extracellular matrix and myelination. Adiposity-related insulin resistance is associated with lower cortical thickness in middle-aged women older than 50 years. This aspect of thinning may involve neuronal and glial cells in a way that lowers the capacity of the cerebral cortex for neuronal plasticity and maintenance of myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Shin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephanie Pelletier
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Louis Richer
- Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Canada
| | - G. Bruce Pike
- Department of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Daniel Gaudet
- Lipidology Unit, Community Genomic Medicine Centre and ECOGENE-21, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saguenay, Canada
| | - Tomas Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Kuan AT, Phelps JS, Thomas LA, Nguyen TM, Han J, Chen CL, Azevedo AW, Tuthill JC, Funke J, Cloetens P, Pacureanu A, Lee WCA. Dense neuronal reconstruction through X-ray holographic nano-tomography. Nat Neurosci 2020; 23:1637-1643. [PMID: 32929244 PMCID: PMC8354006 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Imaging neuronal networks provides a foundation for understanding the nervous system, but resolving dense nanometer-scale structures over large volumes remains challenging for light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). Here we show that X-ray holographic nano-tomography (XNH) can image millimeter-scale volumes with sub-100-nm resolution, enabling reconstruction of dense wiring in Drosophila melanogaster and mouse nervous tissue. We performed correlative XNH and EM to reconstruct hundreds of cortical pyramidal cells and show that more superficial cells receive stronger synaptic inhibition on their apical dendrites. By combining multiple XNH scans, we imaged an adult Drosophila leg with sufficient resolution to comprehensively catalog mechanosensory neurons and trace individual motor axons from muscles to the central nervous system. To accelerate neuronal reconstructions, we trained a convolutional neural network to automatically segment neurons from XNH volumes. Thus, XNH bridges a key gap between LM and EM, providing a new avenue for neural circuit discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Kuan
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jasper S Phelps
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Logan A Thomas
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tri M Nguyen
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie Han
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chiao-Lin Chen
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony W Azevedo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John C Tuthill
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jan Funke
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | | | - Alexandra Pacureanu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France.
| | - Wei-Chung Allen Lee
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral endothelial cells (CECs) and axons of neurons interact to maintain vascular and neuronal homeostasis and axonal remodeling in normal and ischemic brain, respectively. However, the role of exosomes in the interaction of CECs and axons in brain under normal conditions and after stroke is unknown. METHODS Exosomes were isolated from CECs of nonischemic rats and is chemic rats (nCEC-exos and isCEC-exos), respectively. A multicompartmental cell culture system was used to separate axons from neuronal cell bodies. RESULTS Axonal application of nCEC-exos promotes axonal growth of cortical neurons, whereas isCEC-exos further enhance axonal growth than nCEC-exos. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that CEC-exos applied into distal axons were internalized by axons and reached to their parent somata. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that both nCEC-exos and isCEC-exos contain abundant mature miRNAs; however, isCEC-exos exhibit more robust elevation of select miRNAs than nCEC-exos. Mechanistically, axonal application of nCEC-exos and isCEC-exos significantly elevated miRNAs and reduced proteins in distal axons and their parent somata that are involved in inhibiting axonal outgrowth. Blockage of axonal transport suppressed isCEC-exo-altered miRNAs and proteins in somata but not in distal axons. CONCLUSIONS nCEC-exos and isCEC-exos facilitate axonal growth by altering miRNAs and their target protein profiles in recipient neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, 48202
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, 48202
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, 48202
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, 48309
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, 48202
| | - Amy Kemper
- Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, 48202
| | - Xianshuang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, 48202
| | - Xinli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, 48202
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, 48202
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, 48202
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81
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Gouwens NW, Sorensen SA, Baftizadeh F, Budzillo A, Lee BR, Jarsky T, Alfiler L, Baker K, Barkan E, Berry K, Bertagnolli D, Bickley K, Bomben J, Braun T, Brouner K, Casper T, Crichton K, Daigle TL, Dalley R, de Frates RA, Dee N, Desta T, Lee SD, Dotson N, Egdorf T, Ellingwood L, Enstrom R, Esposito L, Farrell C, Feng D, Fong O, Gala R, Gamlin C, Gary A, Glandon A, Goldy J, Gorham M, Graybuck L, Gu H, Hadley K, Hawrylycz MJ, Henry AM, Hill D, Hupp M, Kebede S, Kim TK, Kim L, Kroll M, Lee C, Link KE, Mallory M, Mann R, Maxwell M, McGraw M, McMillen D, Mukora A, Ng L, Ng L, Ngo K, Nicovich PR, Oldre A, Park D, Peng H, Penn O, Pham T, Pom A, Popović Z, Potekhina L, Rajanbabu R, Ransford S, Reid D, Rimorin C, Robertson M, Ronellenfitch K, Ruiz A, Sandman D, Smith K, Sulc J, Sunkin SM, Szafer A, Tieu M, Torkelson A, Trinh J, Tung H, Wakeman W, Ward K, Williams G, Zhou Z, Ting JT, Arkhipov A, Sümbül U, Lein ES, Koch C, Yao Z, Tasic B, Berg J, Murphy GJ, Zeng H. Integrated Morphoelectric and Transcriptomic Classification of Cortical GABAergic Cells. Cell 2020; 183:935-953.e19. [PMID: 33186530 PMCID: PMC7781065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are frequently classified into distinct types on the basis of structural, physiological, or genetic attributes. To better constrain the definition of neuronal cell types, we characterized the transcriptomes and intrinsic physiological properties of over 4,200 mouse visual cortical GABAergic interneurons and reconstructed the local morphologies of 517 of those neurons. We find that most transcriptomic types (t-types) occupy specific laminar positions within visual cortex, and, for most types, the cells mapping to a t-type exhibit consistent electrophysiological and morphological properties. These properties display both discrete and continuous variation among t-types. Through multimodal integrated analysis, we define 28 met-types that have congruent morphological, electrophysiological, and transcriptomic properties and robust mutual predictability. We identify layer-specific axon innervation pattern as a defining feature distinguishing different met-types. These met-types represent a unified definition of cortical GABAergic interneuron types, providing a systematic framework to capture existing knowledge and bridge future analyses across different modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Agata Budzillo
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Brian R Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tim Jarsky
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lauren Alfiler
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Eliza Barkan
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kyla Berry
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Kris Bickley
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jasmine Bomben
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Thomas Braun
- Byte Physics, Schwarzastraße 9, Berlin 12055, Germany
| | - Krissy Brouner
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tamara Casper
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Tanya L Daigle
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rachel Dalley
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Nick Dee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tsega Desta
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Tom Egdorf
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Rachel Enstrom
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Luke Esposito
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Colin Farrell
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - David Feng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Olivia Fong
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rohan Gala
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Clare Gamlin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Amanda Gary
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Jeff Goldy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Melissa Gorham
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lucas Graybuck
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hong Gu
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kristen Hadley
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Alex M Henry
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - DiJon Hill
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Madie Hupp
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sara Kebede
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tae Kyung Kim
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lisa Kim
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Matthew Kroll
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Changkyu Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Rusty Mann
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Medea McGraw
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Alice Mukora
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lindsay Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lydia Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kiet Ngo
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Aaron Oldre
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Daniel Park
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hanchuan Peng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Osnat Penn
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Thanh Pham
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alice Pom
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Zoran Popović
- Center for Game Science, Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | - Shea Ransford
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - David Reid
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | | | - Augustin Ruiz
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - David Sandman
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kimberly Smith
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Josef Sulc
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Susan M Sunkin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Aaron Szafer
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Michael Tieu
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Amy Torkelson
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jessica Trinh
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Herman Tung
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Wayne Wakeman
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Katelyn Ward
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Grace Williams
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Anton Arkhipov
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Uygar Sümbül
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ed S Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Christof Koch
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Zizhen Yao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bosiljka Tasic
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jim Berg
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Gabe J Murphy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Dalgleish HWP, Russell LE, Packer AM, Roth A, Gauld OM, Greenstreet F, Thompson EJ, Häusser M. How many neurons are sufficient for perception of cortical activity? eLife 2020; 9:e58889. [PMID: 33103656 PMCID: PMC7695456 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Many theories of brain function propose that activity in sparse subsets of neurons underlies perception and action. To place a lower bound on the amount of neural activity that can be perceived, we used an all-optical approach to drive behaviour with targeted two-photon optogenetic activation of small ensembles of L2/3 pyramidal neurons in mouse barrel cortex while simultaneously recording local network activity with two-photon calcium imaging. By precisely titrating the number of neurons stimulated, we demonstrate that the lower bound for perception of cortical activity is ~14 pyramidal neurons. We find a steep sigmoidal relationship between the number of activated neurons and behaviour, saturating at only ~37 neurons, and show this relationship can shift with learning. Furthermore, activation of ensembles is balanced by inhibition of neighbouring neurons. This surprising perceptual sensitivity in the face of potent network suppression supports the sparse coding hypothesis, and suggests that cortical perception balances a trade-off between minimizing the impact of noise while efficiently detecting relevant signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry WP Dalgleish
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Lloyd E Russell
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Adam M Packer
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Arnd Roth
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Oliver M Gauld
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Francesca Greenstreet
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Emmett J Thompson
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael Häusser
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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83
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Vesuna S, Kauvar IV, Richman E, Gore F, Oskotsky T, Sava-Segal C, Luo L, Malenka RC, Henderson JM, Nuyujukian P, Parvizi J, Deisseroth K. Deep posteromedial cortical rhythm in dissociation. Nature 2020; 586:87-94. [PMID: 32939091 PMCID: PMC7553818 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Advanced imaging methods now allow cell-type-specific recording of neural activity across the mammalian brain, potentially enabling the exploration of how brain-wide dynamical patterns give rise to complex behavioural states1-12. Dissociation is an altered behavioural state in which the integrity of experience is disrupted, resulting in reproducible cognitive phenomena including the dissociation of stimulus detection from stimulus-related affective responses. Dissociation can occur as a result of trauma, epilepsy or dissociative drug use13,14, but despite its substantial basic and clinical importance, the underlying neurophysiology of this state is unknown. Here we establish such a dissociation-like state in mice, induced by precisely-dosed administration of ketamine or phencyclidine. Large-scale imaging of neural activity revealed that these dissociative agents elicited a 1-3-Hz rhythm in layer 5 neurons of the retrosplenial cortex. Electrophysiological recording with four simultaneously deployed high-density probes revealed rhythmic coupling of the retrosplenial cortex with anatomically connected components of thalamus circuitry, but uncoupling from most other brain regions was observed-including a notable inverse correlation with frontally projecting thalamic nuclei. In testing for causal significance, we found that rhythmic optogenetic activation of retrosplenial cortex layer 5 neurons recapitulated dissociation-like behavioural effects. Local retrosplenial hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide-gated potassium channel 1 (HCN1) pacemakers were required for systemic ketamine to induce this rhythm and to elicit dissociation-like behavioural effects. In a patient with focal epilepsy, simultaneous intracranial stereoencephalography recordings from across the brain revealed a similarly localized rhythm in the homologous deep posteromedial cortex that was temporally correlated with pre-seizure self-reported dissociation, and local brief electrical stimulation of this region elicited dissociative experiences. These results identify the molecular, cellular and physiological properties of a conserved deep posteromedial cortical rhythm that underlies states of dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Vesuna
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Isaac V Kauvar
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ethan Richman
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Felicity Gore
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tomiko Oskotsky
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Clara Sava-Segal
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Liqun Luo
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert C Malenka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Paul Nuyujukian
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Josef Parvizi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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84
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Krienen FM, Goldman M, Zhang Q, C H Del Rosario R, Florio M, Machold R, Saunders A, Levandowski K, Zaniewski H, Schuman B, Wu C, Lutservitz A, Mullally CD, Reed N, Bien E, Bortolin L, Fernandez-Otero M, Lin JD, Wysoker A, Nemesh J, Kulp D, Burns M, Tkachev V, Smith R, Walsh CA, Dimidschstein J, Rudy B, S Kean L, Berretta S, Fishell G, Feng G, McCarroll SA. Innovations present in the primate interneuron repertoire. Nature 2020; 586:262-269. [PMID: 32999462 PMCID: PMC7957574 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2781-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Primates and rodents, which descended from a common ancestor around 90 million years ago1, exhibit profound differences in behaviour and cognitive capacity; the cellular basis for these differences is unknown. Here we use single-nucleus RNA sequencing to profile RNA expression in 188,776 individual interneurons across homologous brain regions from three primates (human, macaque and marmoset), a rodent (mouse) and a weasel (ferret). Homologous interneuron types-which were readily identified by their RNA-expression patterns-varied in abundance and RNA expression among ferrets, mice and primates, but varied less among primates. Only a modest fraction of the genes identified as 'markers' of specific interneuron subtypes in any one species had this property in another species. In the primate neocortex, dozens of genes showed spatial expression gradients among interneurons of the same type, which suggests that regional variation in cortical contexts shapes the RNA expression patterns of adult neocortical interneurons. We found that an interneuron type that was previously associated with the mouse hippocampus-the 'ivy cell', which has neurogliaform characteristics-has become abundant across the neocortex of humans, macaques and marmosets but not mice or ferrets. We also found a notable subcortical innovation: an abundant striatal interneuron type in primates that had no molecularly homologous counterpart in mice or ferrets. These interneurons expressed a unique combination of genes that encode transcription factors, receptors and neuropeptides and constituted around 30% of striatal interneurons in marmosets and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenna M Krienen
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Melissa Goldman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Qiangge Zhang
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ricardo C H Del Rosario
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marta Florio
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert Machold
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arpiar Saunders
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kirsten Levandowski
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Heather Zaniewski
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Schuman
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carolyn Wu
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alyssa Lutservitz
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher D Mullally
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nora Reed
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bien
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Laura Bortolin
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marian Fernandez-Otero
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jessica D Lin
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alec Wysoker
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James Nemesh
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David Kulp
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Monika Burns
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Victor Tkachev
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jordane Dimidschstein
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bernardo Rudy
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leslie S Kean
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabina Berretta
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gord Fishell
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guoping Feng
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steven A McCarroll
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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85
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Snaidero N, Schifferer M, Mezydlo A, Zalc B, Kerschensteiner M, Misgeld T. Myelin replacement triggered by single-cell demyelination in mouse cortex. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4901. [PMID: 32994410 PMCID: PMC7525521 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18632-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin, rather than being a static insulator of axons, is emerging as an active participant in circuit plasticity. This requires precise regulation of oligodendrocyte numbers and myelination patterns. Here, by devising a laser ablation approach of single oligodendrocytes, followed by in vivo imaging and correlated ultrastructural reconstructions, we report that in mouse cortex demyelination as subtle as the loss of a single oligodendrocyte can trigger robust cell replacement and remyelination timed by myelin breakdown. This results in reliable reestablishment of the original myelin pattern along continuously myelinated axons, while in parallel, patchy isolated internodes emerge on previously unmyelinated axons. Therefore, in mammalian cortex, internodes along partially myelinated cortical axons are typically not reestablished, suggesting that the cues that guide patchy myelination are not preserved through cycles of de- and remyelination. In contrast, myelin sheaths forming continuous patterns show remarkable homeostatic resilience and remyelinate with single axon precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Snaidero
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, 80802, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Martina Schifferer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Mezydlo
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bernard Zalc
- Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, 80802, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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86
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Abstract
According to many experimental observations, neurons in cerebral cortex tend to operate in an asynchronous regime, firing independently of each other. In contrast, many other experimental observations reveal cortical population firing dynamics that are relatively coordinated and occasionally synchronous. These discrepant observations have naturally led to competing hypotheses. A commonly hypothesized explanation of asynchronous firing is that excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs are precisely correlated, nearly canceling each other, sometimes referred to as 'balanced' excitation and inhibition. On the other hand, the 'criticality' hypothesis posits an explanation of the more coordinated state that also requires a certain balance of excitatory and inhibitory interactions. Both hypotheses claim the same qualitative mechanism-properly balanced excitation and inhibition. Thus, a natural question arises: how are asynchronous population dynamics and critical dynamics related, how do they differ? Here we propose an answer to this question based on investigation of a simple, network-level computational model. We show that the strength of inhibitory synapses relative to excitatory synapses can be tuned from weak to strong to generate a family of models that spans a continuum from critical dynamics to asynchronous dynamics. Our results demonstrate that the coordinated dynamics of criticality and asynchronous dynamics can be generated by the same neural system if excitatory and inhibitory synapses are tuned appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Woodrow L. Shew
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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87
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Laukoter S, Pauler FM, Beattie R, Amberg N, Hansen AH, Streicher C, Penz T, Bock C, Hippenmeyer S. Cell-Type Specificity of Genomic Imprinting in Cerebral Cortex. Neuron 2020; 107:1160-1179.e9. [PMID: 32707083 PMCID: PMC7523403 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian genomes, a subset of genes is regulated by genomic imprinting, resulting in silencing of one parental allele. Imprinting is essential for cerebral cortex development, but prevalence and functional impact in individual cells is unclear. Here, we determined allelic expression in cortical cell types and established a quantitative platform to interrogate imprinting in single cells. We created cells with uniparental chromosome disomy (UPD) containing two copies of either the maternal or the paternal chromosome; hence, imprinted genes will be 2-fold overexpressed or not expressed. By genetic labeling of UPD, we determined cellular phenotypes and transcriptional responses to deregulated imprinted gene expression at unprecedented single-cell resolution. We discovered an unexpected degree of cell-type specificity and a novel function of imprinting in the regulation of cortical astrocyte survival. More generally, our results suggest functional relevance of imprinted gene expression in glial astrocyte lineage and thus for generating cortical cell-type diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Laukoter
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Florian M Pauler
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Robert Beattie
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Nicole Amberg
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Andi H Hansen
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Carmen Streicher
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Penz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Hippenmeyer
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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88
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Yi SA, Nam KH, Yun J, Gim D, Joe D, Kim YH, Kim HJ, Han JW, Lee J. Infection of Brain Organoids and 2D Cortical Neurons with SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirus. Viruses 2020; 12:E1004. [PMID: 32911874 PMCID: PMC7551632 DOI: 10.3390/v12091004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the global outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), infections of diverse human organs along with multiple symptoms continue to be reported. However, the susceptibility of the brain to SARS-CoV-2, and the mechanisms underlying neurological infection are still elusive. Here, we utilized human embryonic stem cell-derived brain organoids and monolayer cortical neurons to investigate infection of brain with pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 viral particles. Spike-containing SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infected neural layers within brain organoids. The expression of ACE2, a host cell receptor for SARS-CoV-2, was sustained during the development of brain organoids, especially in the somas of mature neurons, while remaining rare in neural stem cells. However, pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 was observed in the axon of neurons, which lack ACE2. Neural infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus did not increase in proportion to viral load, but only 10% of neurons were infected. Our findings demonstrate that brain organoids provide a useful model for investigating SARS-CoV-2 entry into the human brain and elucidating the susceptibility of the brain to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Ah Yi
- Epigenome Dynamics Control Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (K.H.N.); (J.Y.); (D.G.); (D.J.); (J.-W.H.)
| | - Ki Hong Nam
- Epigenome Dynamics Control Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (K.H.N.); (J.Y.); (D.G.); (D.J.); (J.-W.H.)
| | - Jihye Yun
- Epigenome Dynamics Control Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (K.H.N.); (J.Y.); (D.G.); (D.J.); (J.-W.H.)
| | - Dongmin Gim
- Epigenome Dynamics Control Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (K.H.N.); (J.Y.); (D.G.); (D.J.); (J.-W.H.)
| | - Daeho Joe
- Epigenome Dynamics Control Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (K.H.N.); (J.Y.); (D.G.); (D.J.); (J.-W.H.)
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Imnewrun Biosciences Inc., Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Han-Joo Kim
- Imnewrun Biosciences Inc., Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Jeung-Whan Han
- Epigenome Dynamics Control Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (K.H.N.); (J.Y.); (D.G.); (D.J.); (J.-W.H.)
| | - Jaecheol Lee
- Epigenome Dynamics Control Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (K.H.N.); (J.Y.); (D.G.); (D.J.); (J.-W.H.)
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Imnewrun Biosciences Inc., Suwon 16419, Korea;
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89
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Rheinlaender J, Dimitracopoulos A, Wallmeyer B, Kronenberg NM, Chalut KJ, Gather MC, Betz T, Charras G, Franze K. Cortical cell stiffness is independent of substrate mechanics. Nat Mater 2020; 19:1019-1025. [PMID: 32451510 PMCID: PMC7610513 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cortical stiffness is an important cellular property that changes during migration, adhesion and growth. Previous atomic force microscopy (AFM) indentation measurements of cells cultured on deformable substrates have suggested that cells adapt their stiffness to that of their surroundings. Here we show that the force applied by AFM to a cell results in a significant deformation of the underlying substrate if this substrate is softer than the cell. This 'soft substrate effect' leads to an underestimation of a cell's elastic modulus when analysing data using a standard Hertz model, as confirmed by finite element modelling and AFM measurements of calibrated polyacrylamide beads, microglial cells and fibroblasts. To account for this substrate deformation, we developed a 'composite cell-substrate model'. Correcting for the substrate indentation revealed that cortical cell stiffness is largely independent of substrate mechanics, which has major implications for our interpretation of many physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Rheinlaender
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Andrea Dimitracopoulos
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bernhard Wallmeyer
- Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Institute of Cell Biology, Excellence Cluster Cells in Motion, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nils M Kronenberg
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- Centre for Nanobiophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kevin J Chalut
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Malte C Gather
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- Centre for Nanobiophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Timo Betz
- Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Institute of Cell Biology, Excellence Cluster Cells in Motion, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Guillaume Charras
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kristian Franze
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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90
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Gamal-Eltrabily M, Espinosa de Los Monteros-Zúñiga A, Manzano-García A, Martínez-Lorenzana G, Condés-Lara M, González-Hernández A. The Rostral Agranular Insular Cortex, a New Site of Oxytocin to Induce Antinociception. J Neurosci 2020; 40:5669-5680. [PMID: 32571836 PMCID: PMC7363465 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0962-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The rostral agranular insular cortex (RAIC) is a relevant structure in nociception. Indeed, recruitment of GABAergic activity in RAIC promotes the disinhibition of the locus ceruleus, which in turn inhibits (by noradrenergic action) the peripheral nociceptive input at the spinal cord level. In this regard, at the cortical level, oxytocin can modulate the GABAergic transmission; consequently, an interaction modulating nociception could exist between oxytocin and GABA at RAIC. Here, we tested in male Wistar rats the effect of oxytocin microinjection into RAIC during an inflammatory (by subcutaneous peripheral injection of formalin) nociceptive input. Oxytocin microinjection produces a diminution of (1) flinches induced by formalin and (2) spontaneous firing of spinal wide dynamic range cells. The above antinociceptive effect was abolished by microinjection (at RAIC) of the following: (1) L-368899 (an oxytocin receptor [OTR] antagonist) or by (2) bicuculline (a preferent GABAA receptor blocker), suggesting a GABAergic activation induced by OTR. Since intrathecal injection of an α2A-adrenoceptor antagonist (BRL 44408) partially reversed the oxytocin effect, a descending noradrenergic antinociception is suggested. Further, injection of L-368899 per se induces a pronociceptive behavioral effect, suggesting a tonic endogenous oxytocin release during inflammatory nociceptive input. Accordingly, we found bilateral projections from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) to RAIC. Some of the PVN-projecting cells are oxytocinergic and destinate GABAergic and OTR-expressing cells inside RAIC. Aside from the direct anatomic link between PVN and RAIC, our findings provide evidence about the role of oxytocinergic mechanisms modulating the pain process at the RAIC level.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Oxytocin is a neuropeptide involved in several functions ranging from lactation to social attachment. Over the years, the role of this molecule in pain processing has emerged, showing that, at the spinal level, oxytocin blocks pain transmission. The present work suggests that oxytocin also modulates pain at the cortical insular level by favoring cortical GABAergic transmission and activating descending spinal noradrenergic mechanisms. Indeed, we show that the paraventricular hypothalamicnucleus sends direct oxytocinergic projections to the rostral agranular insular cortex on GABAergic and oxytocin receptor-expressing neurons. Together, our data support the notion that the oxytocinergic system could act as an orchestrator of pain modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Gamal-Eltrabily
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Juriquilla, CP 76230, Mexico
| | | | - Alfredo Manzano-García
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Juriquilla, CP 76230, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Martínez-Lorenzana
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Juriquilla, CP 76230, Mexico
| | - Miguel Condés-Lara
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Juriquilla, CP 76230, Mexico
| | - Abimael González-Hernández
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Juriquilla, CP 76230, Mexico
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91
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Kraft AW, Mitra A, Rosenthal ZP, Dosenbach NUF, Bauer AQ, Snyder AZ, Raichle ME, Culver JP, Lee JM. Electrically coupled inhibitory interneurons constrain long-range connectivity of cortical networks. Neuroimage 2020; 215:116810. [PMID: 32276058 PMCID: PMC7292744 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous infra-slow brain activity (ISA) exhibits a high degree of temporal synchrony, or correlation, between distant brain regions. The spatial organization of ISA synchrony is not explained by anatomical connections alone, suggesting that active neural processes coordinate spontaneous activity. Inhibitory interneurons (IINs) form electrically coupled connections via the gap junction protein connexin 36 (Cx36) and networks of interconnected IINs are known to influence neural synchrony over short distances. However, the role of electrically coupled IIN networks in regulating spontaneous correlation over the entire brain is unknown. In this study, we performed OIS imaging on Cx36-/- mice to examine the role of this gap junction in ISA correlation across the entire cortex. We show that Cx36 deletion increased long-distance intra-hemispheric anti-correlation and inter-hemispheric correlation in spontaneous ISA. This suggests that electrically coupled IIN networks modulate ISA synchrony over long cortical distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Kraft
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anish Mitra
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Nico U F Dosenbach
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, USA; Department of Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, USA
| | - Adam Q Bauer
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, USA
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, USA
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, USA
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, USA; Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, USA
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, USA.
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92
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Surzenko N, Pjetri E, Munson CA, Friday WB, Hauser J, Mitchell ES. Prenatal exposure to the probiotic Lactococcus lactis decreases anxiety-like behavior and modulates cortical cytoarchitecture in a sex specific manner. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0223395. [PMID: 32645024 PMCID: PMC7347133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the cerebral cortex may be influenced by the composition of the maternal gut microbiota. To test this possibility, we administered probiotic Lactococcus lactis in drinking water to mouse dams from day 10.5 of gestation until pups reached postnatal day 1 (P1). Pups were assessed in a battery of behavioral tests starting at 10 weeks old. We found that females, but not males, exposed to probiotic during prenatal development spent more time in the center of the open field and displayed decreased freezing time in cue associated learning, compared to controls. Furthermore, we found that probiotic exposure changed the density of cortical neurons and increased the density of blood vessels in the cortical plate of P1 pups. Sex-specific differences were observed in the number of mitotic neural progenitor cells, which were increased in probiotic exposed female pups. In addition, we found that probiotic treatment in the latter half of pregnancy significantly increased plasma oxytocin levels in mouse dams, but not in the offspring. These results suggest that exposure of naïve, unstressed dams to probiotic may exert sex-specific long-term effects on cortical development and anxiety related behavior in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Surzenko
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NS); (ESM)
| | - Eneda Pjetri
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States of America
| | - Carolyn A. Munson
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States of America
| | - Walter B. Friday
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States of America
| | - Jonas Hauser
- Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ellen Siobhan Mitchell
- Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (NS); (ESM)
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93
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Seidlitz J, Nadig A, Liu S, Bethlehem RAI, Vértes PE, Morgan SE, Váša F, Romero-Garcia R, Lalonde FM, Clasen LS, Blumenthal JD, Paquola C, Bernhardt B, Wagstyl K, Polioudakis D, de la Torre-Ubieta L, Geschwind DH, Han JC, Lee NR, Murphy DG, Bullmore ET, Raznahan A. Transcriptomic and cellular decoding of regional brain vulnerability to neurogenetic disorders. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3358. [PMID: 32620757 PMCID: PMC7335069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders have a heritable component and are associated with region specific alterations in brain anatomy. However, it is unclear how genetic risks for neurodevelopmental disorders are translated into spatially patterned brain vulnerabilities. Here, we integrated cortical neuroimaging data from patients with neurodevelopmental disorders caused by genomic copy number variations (CNVs) and gene expression data from healthy subjects. For each of the six investigated disorders, we show that spatial patterns of cortical anatomy changes in youth are correlated with cortical spatial expression of CNV genes in neurotypical adults. By transforming normative bulk-tissue cortical expression data into cell-type expression maps, we link anatomical change maps in each analysed disorder to specific cell classes as well as the CNV-region genes they express. Our findings reveal organizing principles that regulate the mapping of genetic risks onto regional brain changes in neurogenetic disorders. Our findings will enable screening for candidate molecular mechanisms from readily available neuroimaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Seidlitz
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ajay Nadig
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Petra E Vértes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Sarah E Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - František Váša
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - François M Lalonde
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Liv S Clasen
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan D Blumenthal
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Casey Paquola
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Boris Bernhardt
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Konrad Wagstyl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Damon Polioudakis
- Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Luis de la Torre-Ubieta
- Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joan C Han
- Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, TN, USA
- Pediatrics and Developmental Neuropsychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Unit on Metabolism and Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nancy R Lee
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Edward T Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Huntingdon, UK
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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94
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Takechi M, Oshima K, Nadano D, Kitagawa H, Matsuda T, Miyata S. A pericellular hyaluronan matrix is required for the morphological maturation of cortical neurons. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129679. [PMID: 32623025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyaluronan (HA) is a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and is involved in many cellular functions. In the adult brain, HA forms macromolecular aggregates around synapses and plays important roles in neural plasticity. In contrast to the well-characterized function of HA in the adult brain, its roles in the developing brain remain largely unknown. METHODS Biochemical and histochemical analyses were performed to analyze the amount, solubility, and localization of HA in the developing mouse brain. By combining in utero labeling, cell isolation, and in vitro cultures, we examined the expression of hyaluronan synthase (HAS) and morphological maturation of cortical neurons. RESULTS The amount of HA increased during perinatal development and decreased in the adult. HA existed as a soluble form in the early stages; however, its solubility markedly decreased during postnatal development. HA localized in cell-sparse regions in the embryonic stages, but was broadly distributed during the postnatal development of the cerebral cortex. Developing cortical neurons expressed both Has2 and Has3, but not Has1, suggesting the autonomous production of HA by neurons themselves. HA formed a pericellular matrix around the cell bodies and neurites of developing cortical neurons, and the inhibition of HA synthesis reduced neurite outgrowth. CONCLUSION The formation of the pericellular HA matrix is essential for the proper morphological maturation of developing neurons. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides new insights into the roles of hyaluronan in the brain. DEVELOPMENT
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Takechi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kenzi Oshima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Daita Nadano
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-Ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Matsuda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa 1, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
| | - Shinji Miyata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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95
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Sambuco N, Costa VD, Lang PJ, Bradley MM. Aversive perception in a threat context: Separate and independent neural activation. Biol Psychol 2020; 154:107926. [PMID: 32621851 PMCID: PMC7490760 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Unpleasant, compared to neutral, scenes reliably prompt enhanced functional brain activity in the amygdala and inferotemporal cortex. Considering data from psychophysiological studies in which defensive reactivity is further enhanced when viewing unpleasant scenes under threat of shock (compared to safety), the current study investigates functional activation in the amygdala-inferotemporal circuit when unpleasant (or neutral) scenes are viewed under threat of shock or safety. In this paradigm, a cue signaling threat or safety was presented in conjunction with either an unpleasant or neutral picture. Replicating previous studies, unpleasant, compared to neutral, scenes reliably enhanced activation in the amygdala and inferotemporal cortex. Functional activity in these regions, however, did not differ whether scenes were presented in a context threatening shock exposure, compared to safety, which instead activated regions of the anterior insula and cingulate cortex. Taken together, the data support a view in which neural regions activated in different defensive situations act independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Sambuco
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Vincent D Costa
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, United States
| | - Peter J Lang
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Margaret M Bradley
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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96
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Shah SI, Ong HL, Demuro A, Ullah G. PunctaSpecks: A tool for automated detection, tracking, and analysis of multiple types of fluorescently labeled biomolecules. Cell Calcium 2020; 89:102224. [PMID: 32502904 PMCID: PMC7343294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in imaging technology and fluorescent probes have made it possible to gain information about the dynamics of subcellular processes at unprecedented spatiotemporal scales. Unfortunately, a lack of automated tools to efficiently process the resulting imaging data encoding fine details of the biological processes remains a major bottleneck in utilizing the full potential of these powerful experimental techniques. Here we present a computational tool, called PunctaSpecks, that can characterize fluorescence signals arising from a wide range of biological molecules under normal and pathological conditions. Among other things, the program can calculate the number, areas, life-times, and amplitudes of fluorescence signals arising from multiple sources, track diffusing fluorescence sources like moving mitochondria, and determine the overlap probability of two processes or organelles imaged using indicator dyes of different colors. We have tested PunctaSpecks on synthetic time-lapse movies containing mobile fluorescence objects of various sizes, mimicking the activity of biomolecules. The robustness of the software is tested by varying the level of noise along with random but known pattern of appearing, disappearing, and movement of these objects. Next, we use PunctaSpecks to characterize protein-protein interaction involved in store-operated Ca2+ entry through the formation and activation of plasma membrane-bound ORAI1 channel and endoplasmic reticulum membrane-bound stromal interaction molecule (STIM), the evolution of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-induced Ca2+ signals from sub-micrometer size local events into global waves in human cortical neurons, and the activity of Alzheimer's disease-associated β amyloid pores in the plasma membrane. The tool can also be used to study other dynamical processes imaged through fluorescence molecules. The open source algorithm allows for extending the program to analyze more than two types of biomolecules visualized using markers of different colors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hwei Ling Ong
- Secretory Physiology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892,USA
| | - Angelo Demuro
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ghanim Ullah
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33647, USA.
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97
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Cheng S, Zhang Y, Chen S, Zhou Y. LncRNA HOTAIR Participates in Microglia Activation and Inflammatory Factor Release by Regulating the Ubiquitination of MYD88 in Traumatic Brain Injury. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:169-177. [PMID: 32602030 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01623-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been reported to be closely associated with various diseases, but their roles in TBI has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the underlying mechanism of LncRNA HOTAIR in TBI-induced microglial activation and inflammatory factor release. In vivo mouse TBI model and in vitro microglia activation model were established by Feeney's free-fall impact method and by LPS stimulation, respectively. The expression of LncRNA HOTAIR in activated microglia was detected by qRT-PCR. After shRNA knocked down, the expressions of LncRNA HOTAIR and microglia activation marker Iba-1 in microglia were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot and by ELISA that detected the concentration of inflammatory factor in cell culture supernatants. The relationship between LncRNA HOTAIR and MYD88 in mouse microglia BV2 cells was observed by RNA pull-down assay. Furthermore, the effect of LncRNA HOTAIR on MYD88 stability was assessed by cycloheximide (CHX)-chase and by immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays that analyzed MYD88 ubiquitination. LncRNA HOTAIR was abnormally highly expressed in activated microglia. By Western blot and ELISA, the knockdown of LncRNA HOTAIR in microglia significantly repressed microglia activation and inflammatory factor release. By RNA pull-down assay, LncRNA HOTAIR could bind to MYD88 protein. Besides, by cycloheximide (CHX)-chase and immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays, the overexpression of the LncRNA HOTAIR enhanced the stability of MYD88 protein and inhibited Nrdp1-mediated ubiquitination of MYD88 protein. After the transfection of shRNA-HOTAIR and shRNA-HOTAIR+pcDNA-MYD88 into microglia, shRNA-HOTAIR could significantly inhibit the activation of microglia and the release of inflammatory factors, while these effects were reversed after the transfection of pcDNA-MYD88. Our experimental data indicated that LncRNA HOTAIR was highly expressed in activated microglia, and our further studies had found that the interference with LncRNA HOTAIR could repress microglia activation and inflammatory factor release via promoting Nrdp1-mediated ubiquitination of MYD88 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, No.92, Aiguo Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuzhen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, No.92, Aiguo Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yongliang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, No.92, Aiguo Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
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98
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Abstract
The cerebral cortex is composed of an exquisitely complex network of interconnected neurons supporting the higher cognitive functions of the brain. Here, we provide a fully detailed, step-by-step protocol to perform in utero cortical electroporation of plasmids, a simple surgical procedure designed to manipulate gene expression in a subset of glutamatergic pyramidal cortical neurons in vivo. This method has been used to visualize defects in neuronal migration, axon projections, terminal axon branching, or dendrite and synapse development. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Courchet et al., 2013, Mairet-Coello et al., 2013 or Shimojo et al. (2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Meyer-Dilhet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Julien Courchet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, F-69008 Lyon, France
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99
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Hasegawa R, Ebina T, Tanaka YR, Kobayashi K, Matsuzaki M. Structural dynamics and stability of corticocortical and thalamocortical axon terminals during motor learning. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234930. [PMID: 32559228 PMCID: PMC7304593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is the cellular basis of learning and memory. When animals learn a novel motor skill, synaptic modifications are induced in the primary motor cortex (M1), and new postsynaptic dendritic spines relevant to motor memory are formed in the early stage of learning. However, it is poorly understood how presynaptic axonal boutons are formed, eliminated, and maintained during motor learning, and whether long-range corticocortical and thalamocortical axonal boutons show distinct structural changes during learning. In this study, we conducted two-photon imaging of presynaptic boutons of long-range axons in layer 1 (L1) of the mouse M1 during the 7-day learning of an accelerating rotarod task. The training-period-averaged rate of formation of boutons on axons projecting from the secondary motor cortical area increased, while the average rate of elimination of those from the motor thalamus (thalamic boutons) decreased. In particular, the elimination rate of thalamic boutons during days 4-7 was lower than that in untrained mice, and the fraction of pre-existing thalamic boutons that survived until day 7 was higher than that in untrained mice. Our results suggest that the late stabilization of thalamic boutons in M1 contributes to motor skill learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hasegawa
- Division of Brain Circuits, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
- Division of Behavioral Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Ebina
- Division of Brain Circuits, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro R. Tanaka
- Division of Brain Circuits, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masanori Matsuzaki
- Division of Brain Circuits, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Brain Functional Dynamics Collaboration Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Wang Z, Yang X, He J, Du J, Liu S, Jia X. Intracerebroventricular Administration of Neural Stem Cells after Cardiac Arrest. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2019:4213-4216. [PMID: 31946798 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac arrest (CA) is a serious disease with high rates of mortality and disability worldwide. Currently, neither pharmacological intervention nor therapeutic hypothermia can reverse the neural injury caused by CA. Neural stem cell therapy is a promising treatment for brain injury. We investigated the effects of the intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) on global brain ischemia injury after CA. Twelve Long-Evans rats (4 Male and 8 female) subjected to 8-min asphyxia-CA were randomly assigned to hNSC treatment (n=7) or control group (n=5). The hNSCs were slowly infused into the left lateral ventricular 3 hours after resuscitation. An additional two rats subjected to 8-min asphyxia-CA were euthanized at 4 weeks after resuscitation to confirm the survival and function of transplanted PKH26 pre-labeled hNSCs by brain slides and whole cell patch clamp. Electrophysiological monitoring, quantitative EEG value (qEEG-IQ) and neurological deficit score (NDS) were used to evaluate the functional outcome. Immunofluorescence staining was used to investigate the survival of neurons and track migration of hNSCs. There was a significant improvement on the behavior tests evaluated as a subgroup of NDS (p <; 0.05) in the NSCs group than the control group. Immunofluorescent co-staining of PKH26 and NeuN verified the neuronal differentiation from transplanted PKH26+ hNSCs in the hippocampus CA1 and cortex 4 weeks after CA. The whole-cell patch clamp technique confirmed the spontaneous firing activity that was recorded in cell-attached mode from the functional mature neurons derived from transplanted cells. Transplanted hNSCs via ICV administration markedly improved neurologic outcomes after CA. Further studies are needed to elucidate the neuroprotective mechanism.
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