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Goksu AY, Kocanci FG, Akinci E, Demir-Dora D, Erendor F, Sanlioglu S, Uysal H. Microglia cells treated with synthetic vasoactive intestinal peptide or transduced with LentiVIP protect neuronal cells against degeneration. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1993-2015. [PMID: 38382910 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
A common pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders is neuronal cell death, accompanied by neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a pleiotropic peptide that combines neuroprotective and immunomodulatory actions. The gene therapy field shows long-term promise for treating a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases (ND). In this study, we aimed to investigate the in vitro efficacy of transduction of microglia using lentiviral gene therapy vectors encoding VIP (LentiVIP). Additionally, we tested the protective effects of the secretome derived from LentiVIP-infected "immortalized human" microglia HMC3 cells, and cells treated with Synthetic VIP (SynVIP), against toxin-induced neurodegeneration. First, LentiVIP, which stably expresses VIP, was generated and purified. VIP secretion in microglial conditioned media (MG CM) for LentiVIP-infected HMC3 microglia cells was confirmed. Microglia cells were activated with lipopolysaccharide, and groups were formed as follows: 1) Control, 2) SynVIP-treated, or 3) LentiVIP-transduced. These MG CM were applied on an in vitro neurodegenerative model formed by differentiated (d)-SH-SY5Y cells. Then, cell survival analysis and apoptotic nuclear staining, besides measurement of oxidative/inflammatory parameters in CM of cells were performed. Activated MG CM reduced survival rates of both control and toxin-applied (d)-SH-SY5Y cells, whereas LentiVIP-infected MG CM and SynVIP-treated ones exhibited better survival rates. These findings were supported by apoptotic nuclear evaluations of (d)-SH-SY5Y cells, alongside oxidative/inflammatory parameters in their CM. LentiVIP seems worthy of further studies for the treatment of ND because of the potential of gene therapy to treat diseases effectively with a single injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azize Yasemin Goksu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
- Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Gonca Kocanci
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational High School of Health Services, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya/Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ersin Akinci
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Devrim Demir-Dora
- Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fulya Erendor
- Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Salih Sanlioglu
- Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Uysal
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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102
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Festa BP, Siddiqi FH, Jimenez-Sanchez M, Rubinsztein DC. Microglial cytokines poison neuronal autophagy via CCR5, a druggable target. Autophagy 2024; 20:949-951. [PMID: 37358357 PMCID: PMC11062376 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2221921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the prodromal phase of neurodegenerative diseases, microglia switch to an activated state resulting in increased secretion of pro-inflammatory factors. We reported that C - C chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), C - C chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4) and C - C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) contained in the secretome of activated microglia inhibit neuronal autophagy via a non-cell autonomous mechanism. These chemokines bind and activate neuronal C - C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), which, in turn, promotes phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) - protein kinase B (PKB, or AKT) - mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway activation, which inhibits autophagy, thus causing the accumulation of aggregate-prone proteins in the cytoplasm of neurons. The levels of CCR5 and its chemokine ligands are increased in the brains of pre-manifesting Huntington disease (HD) and tauopathy mouse models. CCR5 accumulation might be due to a self-amplifying mechanism, since CCR5 is a substrate of autophagy and CCL5-CCR5-mediated autophagy inhibition impairs CCR5 degradation. Furthermore, pharmacological, or genetic inhibition of CCR5 rescues mTORC1-autophagy dysfunction and improves neurodegeneration in HD and tauopathy mouse models, suggesting that CCR5 hyperactivation is a pathogenic signal driving the progression of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Paola Festa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Cambridge, UK
| | - Farah H. Siddiqi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Jimenez-Sanchez
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David C. Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Cambridge, UK
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103
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Deng W, Yi P, Xiong Y, Ying J, Lin Y, Dong Y, Wei G, Wang X, Hua F. Gut Metabolites Acting on the Gut-Brain Axis: Regulating the Functional State of Microglia. Aging Dis 2024; 15:480-502. [PMID: 37548933 PMCID: PMC10917527 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is a communication channel that mediates a complex interplay of intestinal flora with the neural, endocrine, and immune systems, linking gut and brain functions. Gut metabolites, a group of small molecules produced or consumed by biochemical processes in the gut, are involved in central nervous system regulation via the highly interconnected gut-brain axis affecting microglia indirectly by influencing the structure of the gut-brain axis or directly affecting microglia function and activity. Accordingly, pathological changes in the central nervous system are connected with changes in intestinal metabolite levels as well as altered microglia function and activity, which may contribute to the pathological process of each neuroinflammatory condition. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which gut metabolites, for instance, the bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, and tryptophan metabolites, regulate the structure of each component of the gut-brain axis, and explore the important roles of gut metabolites in the central nervous system from the perspective of microglia. At the same time, we highlight the roles of gut metabolites affecting microglia in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders. Understanding the relationship between microglia, gut microbiota, neuroinflammation, and neurodevelopmental disorders will help us identify new strategies for treating neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenze Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Pengcheng Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Yanhong Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Yue Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Yao Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Gen Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xifeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi, China.
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104
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Ozdamar Unal G, Kumbul D, Hekimler Ozturk K, Erkılınc G, Donmez F, Dogan Kıran E, Yuceer RO. The effect of Vortioxetine on the NLRP3 pathway and microglial activity in the prefrontal cortex in an experimental model of depression. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024; 46:264-275. [PMID: 38284357 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2024.2308268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that early life stress (ELS) and neuroinflammation are associated with the pathophysiology of depression. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Vortioxetine (VOR), a novel antidepressant, on ELS-induced behavioral changes and neuroinflammation. METHOD Wistar Albino 4-week-old male rats were divided into four groups: control; chronic unpredictable stress (CUMS), VOR, CUMS + VOR. Neurobehavioral assessment was performed on the first, 21st, and 42nd days. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of P2X7, NLRP3, IL1β, IL18 in the prefrontal cortex. To assess the microglial activities of the prefrontal cortex, immunohistochemically stained CD68, and leukocyte common antigen (LCA) preparations were scanned with Manual WSI software, Basler camera, and scored. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Exposure to CUMS was associated with depression and anxiety-like behaviors, and administration of VOR led to improvement in these behaviors. NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18 were shown to be upregulated in the prefrontal cortex of CUMS rats, while their high expression was inhibited by VOR treatment. CD68 and LCA expressions were significantly higher in the CUMS group compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION According to these results, it may be considered that NLRP3 inflammasome-associated neuroinflammatory response and microglial activation may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of ELS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulin Ozdamar Unal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kumbul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Kuyas Hekimler Ozturk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Gamze Erkılınc
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Feyza Donmez
- Department of Psychiatry, Kutahya Health Sciences University Research Information System, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Eltaf Dogan Kıran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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105
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Nagayach A, Wang C. Autophagy in neural stem cells and glia for brain health and diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:729-736. [PMID: 37843206 PMCID: PMC10664120 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a multifaceted cellular process that not only maintains the homeostatic and adaptive responses of the brain but is also dynamically involved in the regulation of neural cell generation, maturation, and survival. Autophagy facilities the utilization of energy and the microenvironment for developing neural stem cells. Autophagy arbitrates structural and functional remodeling during the cell differentiation process. Autophagy also plays an indispensable role in the maintenance of stemness and homeostasis in neural stem cells during essential brain physiology and also in the instigation and progression of diseases. Only recently, studies have begun to shed light on autophagy regulation in glia (microglia, astrocyte, and oligodendrocyte) in the brain. Glial cells have attained relatively less consideration despite their unquestioned influence on various aspects of neural development, synaptic function, brain metabolism, cellular debris clearing, and restoration of damaged or injured tissues. Thus, this review composes pertinent information regarding the involvement of autophagy in neural stem cells and glial regulation and the role of this connexion in normal brain functions, neurodevelopmental disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review will provide insight into establishing a concrete strategic approach for investigating pathological mechanisms and developing therapies for brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Nagayach
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chenran Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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106
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Zhou Y, Chen L, Zheng X, Fang Q, Qian Y, Xu T, Liang J, Zhang H, Han X, Sun L. Microglia orchestrate synaptic and neuronal stripping: Implication in neuropsychiatric lupus. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18190. [PMID: 38494844 PMCID: PMC10945089 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a multifactorial autoimmune disease, can affect the brain and cause neuropsychiatric dysfunction, also named neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE). Microglial activation is observed in NPSLE patients. However, the mechanisms regulating microglia-mediated neurotoxicity in NPSLE remain elusive. Here, we showed that M1-like proinflammatory cytokine levels were increased in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of SLE patients, especially those with neuropsychiatric symptoms. We also demonstrated that MRL/lpr lupus mice developed anxiety-like behaviours and cognitive deficits in the early and active phases of lupus, respectively. An increase in microglial number was associated with upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines in the MRL/lpr mouse brain. RNA sequencing revealed that genes associated with phagocytosis and M1 polarization were upregulated in microglia from lupus mice. Functionally, activated microglia induced synaptic stripping in vivo and promoted neuronal death in vitro. Finally, tofacitinib ameliorated neuropsychiatric disorders in MRL/lpr mice, as evidenced by reductions in microglial number and synaptic/neuronal loss and alleviation of behavioural abnormalities. Thus, our results indicated that classically activated (M1) microglia play a crucial role in NPSLE pathogenesis. Minocycline and tofacitinib were found to alleviate NPSLE by inhibiting micrglial activation, providing a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of GynecologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiulan Zheng
- School of PharmacyMacau University of Science and TechnologyMacauChina
| | - Qijun Fang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Yunzhi Qian
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Tianshu Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Huajun Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Xiaojuan Han
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- School of PharmacyMacau University of Science and TechnologyMacauChina
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107
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Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) traffics lipids in the central nervous system. The E4 variant of APOE is a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a multitude of other neurodegenerative diseases, yet the molecular mechanisms by which APOE4 drives disease are still unclear. A growing collection of studies in iPSC models, knock-in mice, and human postmortem brain tissue have demonstrated that APOE4 expression in astrocytes and microglia is associated with the accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets, defects in endolysosomal trafficking, impaired mitochondrial metabolism, upregulation of innate immune pathways, and a transition into a reactive state. In this review, we collate these developments and suggest testable mechanistic hypotheses that could explain common APOE4 phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Windham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah Cohen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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108
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Abstract
Neuroinflammation, characterized by the secretion of abundant inflammatory mediators, pro-inflammatory polarization of microglia, and the recruitment of infiltrating myeloid cells to foci of inflammation, drives or exacerbates the pathological processes of central nervous system disorders, especially in neurodegenerative diseases. Autophagy plays an essential role in neuroinflammatory processes, and the underlaying physiological mechanisms are closely correlated with neuroinflammation-related signals. Inhibition of mTOR and activation of AMPK and FOXO1 enhance autophagy and thereby suppress NLRP3 inflammasome activity and apoptosis, leading to the relief of neuroinflammatory response. And autophagy mitigates neuroinflammation mainly manifested by promoting the polarization of microglia from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory state, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, and up-regulating the levels of anti-inflammatory factors. Notably, epigenetic modifications are intimately associated with autophagy and the onset and progression of various brain diseases. Non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, circular RNAs and long noncoding RNAs, and histone acetylation have been reported to adjust autophagy-related gene and protein expression to alleviate inflammation in neurological diseases. The present review primarily focuses on the role and mechanisms of autophagy in neuroinflammatory responses, as well as epigenetic modifications of autophagy in neuroinflammation to reveal potential therapeutic targets in central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Junren Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziwei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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109
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Yu Y, Chen R, Mao K, Deng M, Li Z. The Role of Glial Cells in Synaptic Dysfunction: Insights into Alzheimer's Disease Mechanisms. Aging Dis 2024; 15:459-479. [PMID: 37548934 PMCID: PMC10917533 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that impacts a substantial number of individuals globally. Despite its widespread prevalence, there is currently no cure for AD. It is widely acknowledged that normal synaptic function holds a key role in memory, cognitive abilities, and the interneuronal transfer of information. As AD advances, symptoms including synaptic impairment, decreased synaptic density, and cognitive decline become increasingly noticeable. The importance of glial cells in the formation of synapses, the growth of neurons, brain maturation, and safeguarding the microenvironment of the central nervous system is well recognized. However, during AD progression, overactive glial cells can cause synaptic dysfunction, neuronal death, and abnormal neuroinflammation. Both neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction are present in the early stages of AD. Therefore, focusing on the changes in glia-synapse communication could provide insights into the mechanisms behind AD. In this review, we aim to provide a summary of the role of various glial cells, including microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and oligodendrocyte precursor cells, in regulating synaptic dysfunction. This may offer a new perspective on investigating the underlying mechanisms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ran Chen
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Kaiyue Mao
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Maoyan Deng
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhigang Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen, China.
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110
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Tang X, Walter E, Wohleb E, Fan Y, Wang C. ATG5 (autophagy related 5) in microglia controls hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer disease. Autophagy 2024; 20:847-862. [PMID: 37915255 PMCID: PMC11062374 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2277634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is the intracellular degradation process of cytoplasmic content and damaged organelles. Autophagy is strongly associated with the progression of Alzheimer disease (AD). Microglia are brain-resident macrophages, and recent studies indicate that autophagy in microglia protects neurons from neurodegeneration. Postnatal neurogenesis, the generation of new neurons from adult neural stem cells (NSCs), is impaired in AD patients as well as in AD animal models. However, the extent to which microglial autophagy influences adult NSCs and neurogenesis in AD animal models has not been studied. Here, we showed that conditional knock out (cKO) of Atg5 (autophagy related 5) in microglia inhibited postnatal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, but not in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of a 5×FAD mouse model. Interestingly, the protection of neurogenesis by Atg5 in microglia was only observed in female AD mice. To confirm the roles of autophagy in microglia for postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis, we generated additional cKO mice to delete autophagy essential genes Rb1cc1 or Atg14 in microglia. However, these rb1cc1 cKO and atg14 cKO mice did not exhibit neurogenesis defects in the context of a female AD mouse model. Last, we used the CSF1R antagonist to deplete ATG5-deficient microglia and this intervention restored neurogenesis in the hippocampus of 5×FAD mice. These results indicate that microglial ATG5 is essential to maintain postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis in a mouse model of AD. Our findings further support the notion that ATG5 in microglia supports NSC health and may prevent neurodegeneration.Abbreviations: 5×FAD: familial Alzheimer disease; Aβ: β-amyloid; AD: Alzheimer disease; AIF1: allograft inflammatory factor 1; ATG: autophagy related; BrdU: 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine; CA: Cornu Ammonis; cKO: conditional knock out; CSF1R: colony stimulating factor 1 receptor; Ctrl: control; DCX: doublecortin; DG: dentate gyrus; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; GZ: granular zone; H&E: hematoxylin and eosin; IF: immunofluorescence; LD: lipid droplet; LDAM: lipid droplets accumulated microglia; LPS: lipopolysaccharides; MAP1LC3B/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; NSCs: neural stem cells; RB1CC1: RB1-inducible coiled-coil 1; SOX2: SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2; SGZ: subgranular zone; SVZ: subventricular zone; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ellen Walter
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eric Wohleb
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yanbo Fan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chenran Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Cox JH, McCain RS, Tran E, Swaminathan S, Smith HH, Piroli GG, Shtutman M, Walla MD, Cotham WE, Frizzell N. Quantification of the immunometabolite protein modifications S-2-succinocysteine and 2,3-dicarboxypropylcysteine. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E407-E416. [PMID: 38324261 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00354.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolite fumarate nonenzymatically reacts with the amino acid cysteine to form S-(2-succino)cysteine (2SC), referred to as protein succination. The immunometabolite itaconate accumulates during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of macrophages and microglia. Itaconate nonenzymatically reacts with cysteine residues to generate 2,3-dicarboxypropylcysteine (2,3-DCP), referred to as protein dicarboxypropylation. Since fumarate and itaconate levels dynamically change in activated immune cells, the levels of both 2SC and 2,3-DCP reflect the abundance of these metabolites and their capacity to modify protein thiols. We generated ethyl esters of 2SC and 2,3-DCP from protein hydrolysates and used stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry to determine the abundance of these in LPS-stimulated Highly Aggressively Proliferating Immortalized (HAPI) microglia. To quantify the stoichiometry of the succination and dicarboxypropylation, reduced cysteines were alkylated with iodoacetic acid to form S-carboxymethylcysteine (CMC), which was then esterified. Itaconate-derived 2,3-DCP, but not fumarate-derived 2SC, increased in LPS-treated HAPI microglia. Stoichiometric measurements demonstrated that 2,3-DCP increased from 1.57% to 9.07% of total cysteines upon LPS stimulation. This methodology to simultaneously distinguish and quantify both 2SC and 2,3-DCP will have broad applications in the physiology of metabolic diseases. In addition, we find that available anti-2SC antibodies also detect the structurally similar 2,3-DCP, therefore "succinate moiety" may better describe the antigen recognized.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Itaconate and fumarate have roles as immunometabolites modulating the macrophage response to inflammation. Both immunometabolites chemically modify protein cysteine residues to modulate the immune response. Itaconate and fumarate levels change dynamically, whereas their stable protein modifications can be quantified by mass spectrometry. This method distinguishes itaconate and fumarate-derived protein modifications and will allow researchers to quantify their contributions in isolated cell types and tissues across a range of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hunter Cox
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Richard S McCain
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Emery Tran
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Shoba Swaminathan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Holland H Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Gerardo G Piroli
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Michael Shtutman
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Michael D Walla
- Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - William E Cotham
- Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Norma Frizzell
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
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Rojas-Colón LA, Redell JB, Dash PK, Vegas PE, Vélez-Torres W. 4R-cembranoid suppresses glial cells inflammatory phenotypes and prevents hippocampal neuronal loss in LPS-treated mice. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25336. [PMID: 38656664 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Chronic neuroinflammation has been implicated in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. A key feature of neuroinflammation is neuronal loss and glial activation, including microglia and astrocytes. 4R-cembranoid (4R) is a natural compound that inhibits hippocampal pro-inflammatory cytokines and increases memory function in mice. We used the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection model to study the effect of 4R on neuronal density and microglia and astrocyte activation. C57BL/6J wild-type mice were injected with LPS (5 mg/kg) and 2 h later received either 4R (6 mg/kg) or vehicle. Mice were sacrificed after 72 h for analysis of brain pathology. Confocal images of brain sections immunostained for microglial, astrocyte, and neuronal markers were used to quantify cellular hippocampal phenotypes and neurons. Hippocampal lysates were used to measure the expression levels of neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN), inducible nitrous oxide synthase (iNOS), arginase-1, thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and orosomucoid-2 (ORM2) by western blot. iNOS and arginase-1 are widely used protein markers of pro- and anti-inflammatory microglia, respectively. GDNF promotes neuronal survival, and ORM2 and THBS1 are astrocytic proteins that regulate synaptic plasticity and inhibit microglial activation. 4R administration significantly reduced neuronal loss and the number of pro-inflammatory microglia 72 h after LPS injection. It also decreased the expression of the pro-inflammatory protein iNOS while increasing arginase-1 expression, supporting its anti-inflammatory role. The protein expression of THBS1, GDNF, and ORM2 was increased by 4R. Our data show that 4R preserves the integrity of hippocampal neurons against LPS-induced neuroinflammation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Rojas-Colón
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico
| | - John B Redell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pramod K Dash
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pedro E Vegas
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico
| | - Wanda Vélez-Torres
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico
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Soni N, Hohsfield LA, Tran KM, Kawauchi S, Walker A, Javonillo D, Phan J, Matheos D, Da Cunha C, Uyar A, Milinkeviciute G, Gomez‐Arboledas A, Tran K, Kaczorowski CC, Wood MA, Tenner AJ, LaFerla FM, Carter GW, Mortazavi A, Swarup V, MacGregor GR, Green KN. Genetic diversity promotes resilience in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:2794-2816. [PMID: 38426371 PMCID: PMC11032575 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with multifactorial etiology, including genetic factors that play a significant role in disease risk and resilience. However, the role of genetic diversity in preclinical AD studies has received limited attention. METHODS We crossed five Collaborative Cross strains with 5xFAD C57BL/6J female mice to generate F1 mice with and without the 5xFAD transgene. Amyloid plaque pathology, microglial and astrocytic responses, neurofilament light chain levels, and gene expression were assessed at various ages. RESULTS Genetic diversity significantly impacts AD-related pathology. Hybrid strains showed resistance to amyloid plaque formation and neuronal damage. Transcriptome diversity was maintained across ages and sexes, with observable strain-specific variations in AD-related phenotypes. Comparative gene expression analysis indicated correlations between mouse strains and human AD. DISCUSSION Increasing genetic diversity promotes resilience to AD-related pathogenesis, relative to an inbred C57BL/6J background, reinforcing the importance of genetic diversity in uncovering resilience in the development of AD. HIGHLIGHTS Genetic diversity's impact on AD in mice was explored. Diverse F1 mouse strains were used for AD study, via the Collaborative Cross. Strain-specific variations in AD pathology, glia, and transcription were found. Strains resilient to plaque formation and plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) increases were identified. Correlations with human AD transcriptomics were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelakshi Soni
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lindsay A. Hohsfield
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological DisordersUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kristine M. Tran
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Shimako Kawauchi
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological DisordersUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, ULAROffice of ResearchUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Amber Walker
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological DisordersUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, ULAROffice of ResearchUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dominic Javonillo
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jimmy Phan
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological DisordersUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dina Matheos
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Celia Da Cunha
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological DisordersUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Asli Uyar
- The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaineUSA
| | - Giedre Milinkeviciute
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological DisordersUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Angela Gomez‐Arboledas
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological DisordersUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Katelynn Tran
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological DisordersUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Marcelo A. Wood
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological DisordersUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Andrea J. Tenner
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological DisordersUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Frank M. LaFerla
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological DisordersUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Ali Mortazavi
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological DisordersUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Developmental and Cellular BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Complex Biological SystemsUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Vivek Swarup
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological DisordersUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Grant R. MacGregor
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, ULAROffice of ResearchUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Developmental and Cellular BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kim N. Green
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological DisordersUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
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Wang X, Zhang S, Lv B, Chen H, Zhang W, Dong L, Bao L, Wang M, Wang Y, Mao W, Cui L, Pang Y, Wang F, Yan F, Zhang Z, Cui G. Circular RNA PTP4A2 regulates microglial polarization through STAT3 to promote neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14512. [PMID: 37869777 PMCID: PMC11017462 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microglial polarization plays a critical role in neuroinflammation and may be a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. This study was to explore the role and underlying molecular mechanism of Circular RNA PTP4A2 (circPTP4A2) in microglial polarization after ischemic stroke. METHODS C57BL/6J mice underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), while primary mouse microglia and BV2 microglial cells experienced oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) to mimic ischemic conditions. CircPTP4A2 shRNA lentivirus and Colivelin were used to knock down circPTP4A2 and upregulate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation, respectively. Microglial polarization was assessed using immunofluorescence staining and Western blot. RNA pull-down and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) were applied to detect the binding between circPTP4A2 and STAT3. RESULTS The levels of circPTP4A2 were significantly increased in plasma and peri-infarct cortex in tMCAO mice. CircPTP4A2 knockdown reduced infarct volume, increased cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF), and attenuated neurological deficits. It also decreased pro-inflammatory factors levels in peri-infarct cortex and plasma, and increased anti-inflammatory factors concentrations 24 h post-stroke. In addition, circPTP4A2 knockdown suppressed M1 microglial polarization and promoted M2 microglial polarization in both tMCAO mice and OGD/R-induced BV2 microglial cells. Moreover, circPTP4A2 knockdown inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation. In contrast, increased phosphorylation of STAT3 partly counteracted the effects of circPTP4A2 knockdown. RNA pull-down and RIP assays further certified the binding between circPTP4A2 and STAT3. CONCLUSION These results revealed regulatory mechanisms of circPTP4A2 that stimulated neuroinflammation by driving STAT3-dependent microglial polarization in ischemic brain injury. CircPTP4A2 knockdown reduced cerebral ischemic injury and promoted microglial M2 polarization, which could be a novel therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Shenyang Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Bingchen Lv
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Liguo Dong
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of GeriatricsThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Wenqi Mao
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Likun Cui
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Ye Pang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Fuling Yan
- Department of NeurologyAffiliated to ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zuohui Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Guiyun Cui
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
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Liang Z, Gong X, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Yu J, Huang T, Yang C, Wu L, Huang M, Wang X, Shu X, Bao J. Long-Term High-Fat Diet Consumption Aggravates β-Amyloid Deposition and Tau Pathology Accompanied by Microglial Activation in an Alzheimer's Disease Model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300669. [PMID: 38491393 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevailing form of dementia, with long-term high-fat diet (HFD) consumption being a pivotal contributor to AD pathogenesis. As microglial dysfunction is a crucial factor in the AD onset, it becomes imperative to explore the effects of HFD on microglial function and AD pathogenesis. In the present study, 3xTg-AD model mice at the age of 9-month are subjected to random allocation, with one group receiving a standard diet (ND) and the other an HFD for 3 months. Subsequently, transcriptomic profiling of microglia unveils that HFD alters fatty acid metabolism and mediates T cell infiltration. Within the hippocampus, microglia exhibit aberrant morphology and lipid accretion in response to the HFD, evidenced by conspicuously enlarged microglial cell bodies and accumulation of lipid droplets. These lipid-droplet-accumulating microglia exhibit diminished migratory capacity and compromise plaque consolidation, thereby exacerbating the accumulation of β-amyloid. Noteworthy, the HFD induces T cell infiltration, thereby aggravating neuroinflammation and Tau phosphorylation. Morris water maze test reveals that HFD-consuming mice display marked impairment in memory performance. In summary, this study demonstrates that prolonged HFD consumption exacerbates amyloid deposition, tau pathology, and cognitive deficits, which is associated with the accumulation of lipid droplets within microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Xiaokang Gong
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yanna Zhao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Department of Pathology, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, 466000, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750003, China
| | - Tiantian Huang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Chaoqing Yang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Liangwei Wu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Mengbing Huang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiji Shu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Jian Bao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
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Lan Z, Qu L, Liang Y, Chen L, Xu S, Ge J, Xue Z, Bao X, Xia S, Yang H, Huang J, Xu Y, Zhu X. AZD1390, an ataxia telangiectasia mutated inhibitor, attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and ischemic brain injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14696. [PMID: 38668740 PMCID: PMC11048048 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Excessive neuroinflammation mediated mainly by microglia plays a crucial role in ischemic stroke. AZD1390, an ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) specific inhibitor, has been shown to promote radio-sensitization and survival in central nervous system malignancies, while the role of AZD1390 in ischemic stroke remains unknown. METHODS Real-time PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to assess the activation of microglia and the release of inflammatory cytokines. Behavioral tests were performed to measure neurological deficits. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was conducted to assess the infarct volume. The activation of NF-κB signaling pathway was explored through immunofluorescence staining, western blot, co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay. RESULTS The level of pro-inflammation cytokines and activation of NF-κB signaling pathway was suppressed by AZD1390 in vitro and in vivo. The behavior deficits and infarct size were partially restored with AZD1390 treatment in experimental stroke. AZD1390 restrict ubiquitylation and sumoylation of the essential regulatory subunit of NF-κB (NEMO) in an ATM-dependent and ATM-independent way respectively, which reduced the activation of the NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSION AZD1390 suppressed NF-κB signaling pathway to alleviate ischemic brain injury in experimental stroke, and attenuated microglia activation and neuroinflammation, which indicated that AZD1390 might be an attractive agent for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lan
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Long‐jie Qu
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Li‐qiu Chen
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Shuai Xu
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Jian‐wei Ge
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Zhi‐wei Xue
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Xin‐yu Bao
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsuChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical CenterNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Sheng‐nan Xia
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsuChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical CenterNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Hai‐yan Yang
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsuChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical CenterNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsuChina
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsuChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical CenterNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Xiao‐lei Zhu
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsuChina
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsuChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical CenterNanjingJiangsuChina
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Magni G, Riboldi B, Ceruti S. Human Glial Cells as Innovative Targets for the Therapy of Central Nervous System Pathologies. Cells 2024; 13:606. [PMID: 38607045 PMCID: PMC11011741 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In vitro and preclinical in vivo research in the last 35 years has clearly highlighted the crucial physiopathological role of glial cells, namely astrocytes/microglia/oligodendrocytes and satellite glial cells/Schwann cells in the central and peripheral nervous system, respectively. Several possible pharmacological targets to various neurodegenerative disorders and painful conditions have therefore been successfully identified, including receptors and enzymes, and mediators of neuroinflammation. However, the translation of these promising data to a clinical setting is often hampered by both technical and biological difficulties, making it necessary to perform experiments on human cells and models of the various diseases. In this review we will, therefore, summarize the most relevant data on the contribution of glial cells to human pathologies and on their possible pharmacological modulation based on data obtained in post-mortem tissues and in iPSC-derived human brain cells and organoids. The possibility of an in vivo visualization of glia reaction to neuroinflammation in patients will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefania Ceruti
- Laboratory of Pain Therapy and Neuroimmunology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti, 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (B.R.)
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118
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Ravel-Godreuil C, Roy ER, Puttapaka SN, Li S, Wang Y, Yuan X, Eltzschig HK, Cao W. Transcriptional Responses of Different Brain Cell Types to Oxygen Decline. Brain Sci 2024; 14:341. [PMID: 38671993 PMCID: PMC11048388 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain hypoxia is associated with a wide range of physiological and clinical conditions. Although oxygen is an essential constituent of maintaining brain functions, our understanding of how specific brain cell types globally respond and adapt to decreasing oxygen conditions is incomplete. In this study, we exposed mouse primary neurons, astrocytes, and microglia to normoxia and two hypoxic conditions and obtained genome-wide transcriptional profiles of the treated cells. Analysis of differentially expressed genes under conditions of reduced oxygen revealed a canonical hypoxic response shared among different brain cell types. In addition, we observed a higher sensitivity of neurons to oxygen decline, and dissected cell type-specific biological processes affected by hypoxia. Importantly, this study establishes novel gene modules associated with brain cells responding to oxygen deprivation and reveals a state of profound stress incurred by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Ravel-Godreuil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.R.-G.); (E.R.R.); (S.N.P.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.); (H.K.E.)
| | - Ethan R. Roy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.R.-G.); (E.R.R.); (S.N.P.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.); (H.K.E.)
| | - Srinivas N. Puttapaka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.R.-G.); (E.R.R.); (S.N.P.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.); (H.K.E.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sanming Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.R.-G.); (E.R.R.); (S.N.P.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.); (H.K.E.)
| | - Yanyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.R.-G.); (E.R.R.); (S.N.P.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.); (H.K.E.)
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.R.-G.); (E.R.R.); (S.N.P.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.); (H.K.E.)
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.R.-G.); (E.R.R.); (S.N.P.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.); (H.K.E.)
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.R.-G.); (E.R.R.); (S.N.P.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.); (H.K.E.)
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119
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Cai L, Xia M, Zhang F. Redox Regulation of Immunometabolism in Microglia Underpinning Diabetic Retinopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:423. [PMID: 38671871 PMCID: PMC11047590 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness among the working-age population. Microglia, resident immune cells in the retina, are recognized as crucial drivers in the DR process. Microglia activation is a tightly regulated immunometabolic process. In the early stages of DR, the M1 phenotype commonly shifts from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis for energy production. Emerging evidence suggests that microglia in DR not only engage specific metabolic pathways but also rearrange their oxidation-reduction (redox) system. This redox adaptation supports metabolic reprogramming and offers potential therapeutic strategies using antioxidants. Here, we provide an overview of recent insights into the involvement of reactive oxygen species and the distinct roles played by key cellular antioxidant pathways, including the NADPH oxidase 2 system, which promotes glycolysis via enhanced glucose transporter 4 translocation to the cell membrane through the AKT/mTOR pathway, as well as the involvement of the thioredoxin and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 antioxidant systems, which maintain microglia in an anti-inflammatory state. Therefore, we highlight the potential for targeting the modulation of microglial redox metabolism to offer new concepts for DR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwei Cai
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; (L.C.); (M.X.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Mengxue Xia
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; (L.C.); (M.X.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; (L.C.); (M.X.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
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120
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Erratum: Microglial reactivity in brainstem chemosensory nuclei in response to hypercapnia. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1404779. [PMID: 38606011 PMCID: PMC11007202 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1404779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1332355.].
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Kim YS, Choi SH, Kim KY, Navia-Pelaez JM, Perkins GA, Choi S, Kim J, Nazarenkov N, Rissman RA, Ju WK, Ellisman MH, Miller YI. AIBP controls TLR4 inflammarafts and mitochondrial dysfunction in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.16.580751. [PMID: 38586011 PMCID: PMC10996524 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.16.580751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Microglia-driven neuroinflammation plays an important role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia activation is accompanied by the formation and chronic maintenance of TLR4 inflammarafts, defined as enlarged and cholesterol-rich lipid rafts serving as an assembly platform for TLR4 dimers and complexes of other inflammatory receptors. The secreted apoA-I binding protein (APOA1BP or AIBP) binds TLR4 and selectively targets cholesterol depletion machinery to TLR4 inflammaraft expressing inflammatory, but not homeostatic microglia. Here we demonstrated that amyloid-beta (Aβ) induced formation of TLR4 inflammarafts in microglia in vitro and in the brain of APP/PS1 mice. Mitochondria in Apoa1bp-/- APP/PS1 microglia were hyperbranched and cupped, which was accompanied by increased ROS and the dilated ER. The size and number of Aβ plaques and neuronal cell death were significantly increased, and the animal survival was decreased in Apoa1bp-/- APP/PS1 compared to APP/PS1 female mice. These results suggest that AIBP exerts control of TLR4 inflammarafts and mitochondrial dynamics in microglia and plays a protective role in AD associated oxidative stress and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sak Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Soo-Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Guy A. Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Seunghwan Choi
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Nicolaus Nazarenkov
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Won-Kyu Ju
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mark H. Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yury I. Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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122
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Ting KKY. Fructose overconsumption-induced reprogramming of microglia metabolism and function. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1375453. [PMID: 38596671 PMCID: PMC11002174 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1375453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The overconsumption of dietary fructose has been proposed as a major culprit for the rise of many metabolic diseases in recent years, yet the relationship between a high fructose diet and neurological dysfunction remains to be explored. Although fructose metabolism mainly takes place in the liver and intestine, recent studies have shown that a hyperglycemic condition could induce fructose metabolism in the brain. Notably, microglia, which are tissue-resident macrophages (Mφs) that confer innate immunity in the brain, also express fructose transporters (GLUT5) and are capable of utilizing fructose as a carbon fuel. Together, these studies suggest the possibility that a high fructose diet can regulate the activation and inflammatory response of microglia by metabolic reprogramming, thereby altering the susceptibility of developing neurological dysfunction. In this review, the recent advances in the understanding of microglia metabolism and how it supports its functions will be summarized. The results from both in vivo and in vitro studies that have investigated the mechanistic link between fructose-induced metabolic reprogramming of microglia and its function will then be reviewed. Finally, areas of controversies and their associated implications, as well as directions that warrant future research will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K. Y. Ting
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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123
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Uruk G, Mocanu E, Shaw AE, Bamburg JR, Swanson RA. Cofilactin rod formation mediates inflammation-induced neurite degeneration. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113914. [PMID: 38451813 PMCID: PMC11068216 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke, trauma, and neurodegenerative disorders cause loss of neurites (axons and dendrites) in addition to neuronal death. Neurite loss may result directly from a primary insult, secondary to parental neuron death, or secondary to a post-injury inflammatory response. Here, we use lipopolysaccharide and the alarmin S100β to selectively evaluate neurite loss caused by the inflammatory response. Activation of microglia and infiltrating macrophages by these stimuli causes neurite loss that far exceeds neuronal death, both in vitro and in vivo. Neurite loss is accompanied by the formation of cofilactin rods and aggregates (CARs), which are polymers of cofilin-1 and actin induced by oxidative stress and other factors. Mice deficient in either cofilin-1 or the superoxide-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase-2 show reduced CAR formation, neurite loss, and motor impairment. The findings identify a mechanism by which inflammation leads to neurite loss via CAR formation and highlight the relevance of neurite loss to functional impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Uruk
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Neurology Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ebony Mocanu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Neurology Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alisa E Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - James R Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Raymond A Swanson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Neurology Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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124
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Koller BH, Nguyen M, Snouwaert JN, Gabel CA, Ting JPY. Species-specific NLRP3 regulation and its role in CNS autoinflammatory diseases. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113852. [PMID: 38427558 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is essential for caspase-1 activation and the release of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and gasdermin-D in myeloid cells. However, research on species-specific NLRP3's physiological impact is limited. We engineer mice with the human NLRP3 gene, driven by either the human or mouse promoter, via syntenic replacement at the mouse Nlrp3 locus. Both promoters facilitate hNLRP3 expression in myeloid cells, but the mouse promoter responds more robustly to LPS. Investigating the disease impact of differential NLRP3 regulation, we introduce the D305N gain-of-function mutation into both humanized lines. Chronic inflammation is evident with both promoters; however, CNS outcomes vary significantly. Despite poor response to LPS, the human promoter results in D305N-associated aseptic meningitis, mirroring human pathology. The mouse promoter, although leading to increased CNS expression post-LPS, does not induce meningitis in D305N mutants. Therefore, human-like NLRP3 expression may be crucial for accurate modeling of its role in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly H Koller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - MyTrang Nguyen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - John N Snouwaert
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Jenny P-Y Ting
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Center for Translational Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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125
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Passino R, Finneran MC, Hafner H, Feng Q, Huffman LD, Zhao XF, Johnson CN, Kawaguchi R, Oses-Prieto JA, Burlingame AL, Geschwind DH, Benowitz LI, Giger RJ. Neutrophil-inflicted vasculature damage suppresses immune-mediated optic nerve regeneration. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113931. [PMID: 38492223 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In adult mammals, injured retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) fail to spontaneously regrow severed axons, resulting in permanent visual deficits. Robust axon growth, however, is observed after intra-ocular injection of particulate β-glucan isolated from yeast. Blood-borne myeloid cells rapidly respond to β-glucan, releasing numerous pro-regenerative factors. Unfortunately, the pro-regenerative effects are undermined by retinal damage inflicted by an overactive immune system. Here, we demonstrate that protection of the inflamed vasculature promotes immune-mediated RGC regeneration. In the absence of microglia, leakiness of the blood-retina barrier increases, pro-inflammatory neutrophils are elevated, and RGC regeneration is reduced. Functional ablation of the complement receptor 3 (CD11b/integrin-αM), but not the complement components C1q-/- or C3-/-, reduces ocular inflammation, protects the blood-retina barrier, and enhances RGC regeneration. Selective targeting of neutrophils with anti-Ly6G does not increase axogenic neutrophils but protects the blood-retina barrier and enhances RGC regeneration. Together, these findings reveal that protection of the inflamed vasculature promotes neuronal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Passino
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew C Finneran
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hannah Hafner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qian Feng
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lucas D Huffman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Craig N Johnson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Program in Neurogenetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Juan A Oses-Prieto
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Program in Neurogenetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Larry I Benowitz
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA; Departmant of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Roman J Giger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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126
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Bhusal A, Kim JH, Kim SC, Hwang EM, Ryu H, Ali MS, Park SC, Lee WH, Suk K. The microglial innate immune protein PGLYRP1 mediates neuroinflammation and consequent behavioral changes. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113813. [PMID: 38393947 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) is a pattern-recognition protein that mediates antibacterial actions and innate immune responses. Its expression and role in neuroinflammatory conditions remain unclear. We observed the upregulation of PGLYRP1 in inflamed human and mouse spinal cord and brain, with microglia being the primary cellular source. Experiments using a recombinant PGLYRP1 protein show that PGLYRP1 potentiates reactive gliosis, neuroinflammation, and consequent behavioral changes in multiple animal models of neuroinflammation. Furthermore, shRNA-mediated knockdown of Pglyrp1 gene expression attenuates this inflammatory response. In addition, we identify triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1 (TREM1) as an interaction partner of PGLYRP1 and demonstrate that PGLYRP1 promotes neuroinflammation through the TREM1-Syk-Erk1/2-Stat3 axis in cultured glial cells. Taken together, our results reveal a role for microglial PGLYRP1 as a neuroinflammation mediator. Finally, we propose that PGLYRP1 is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in various neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Bhusal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chan Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Hwang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Sekendar Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
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Li Z, Mao K, Liu L, Xu S, Zeng M, Fu Y, Huang J, Li T, Gao G, Teng ZQ, Sun Q, Chen D, Cheng Y. Nuclear microRNA-mediated transcriptional control determines adult microglial homeostasis and brain function. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113964. [PMID: 38489263 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are versatile regulators in brain development and disorders. Emerging evidence links microRNA (miRNA)-mediated regulation to microglial function; however, the exact underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we uncover the enrichment of miR-137, a neuropsychiatric-disorder-associated miRNA, in the microglial nucleus, and reveal its unexpected nuclear functions in maintaining the microglial global transcriptomic state, phagocytosis, and inflammatory response. Mechanistically, microglial Mir137 deletion increases chromatin accessibility, which contains binding motifs for the microglial master transcription factor Pu.1. Through biochemical and bioinformatics analyses, we propose that miR-137 modulates Pu.1-mediated gene expression by suppressing Pu.1 binding to chromatin. Importantly, we find that increased Pu.1 binding upregulates the target gene Jdp2 (Jun dimerization protein 2) and that knockdown of Jdp2 significantly suppresses the impaired phagocytosis and pro-inflammatory response in Mir137 knockout microglia. Collectively, our study provides evidence supporting the notion that nuclear miR-137 acts as a transcriptional modulator and that this microglia-specific function is essential for maintaining normal adult brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Li
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Kexin Mao
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shengyun Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jintao Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Guoan Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhao-Qian Teng
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qinmiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dahua Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Ying Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650500, China.
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128
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Park SY, Cha N, Kim S, Chae S, Lee WJ, Jung H, Bae H. Blocking Microglial Proliferation by CSF-1R Inhibitor Does Not Alter the Neuroprotective Effects of Adoptive Regulatory T Cells in 3xTg Alzheimer's Disease Mice. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2871-2883. [PMID: 38666910 PMCID: PMC11049167 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that causes cognitive impairment. Neuroinflammation induced by activated microglia exacerbates AD. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play roles in limiting neuroinflammation by converting microglial polarization. Therefore, adoptive Treg therapy is considered an attractive option for neurodegenerative disorders. However, the mechanism underlying Treg therapy via microglial modulation is not fully understood. In this study, we sought to determine whether adoptively transferred Tregs were effective when microglia proliferation was inhibited by using GW2580, which is an inhibitor of CSF1R. We found that inhibition of microglial proliferation during Treg transfer did not alter the therapeutic effects of Tregs on cognitive deficits and the accumulation of Aβ and pTAU in 3xTg-AD mice. The expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers in the hippocampus of 3xTg mice showed that GW2580 did not affect the inhibition of neuroinflammation by Treg transfer. Additionally, adoptively transferred Tregs were commonly detected in the brain on day 7 after transfer and their levels decreased slowly over 100 days. Our findings suggest that adoptively transferred Tregs can survive longer than 100 days in the brain, suppressing microglial activation and thus alleviating AD pathology. The present study provides valuable evidence to support the prolonged efficacy of adoptive Treg therapy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Young Park
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Cha
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Songah Chae
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jun Lee
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjae Jung
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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129
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Chen R, Xie L, Fan Y, Hua X, Chung CY. Vesicular translocation of PARP-1 to cytoplasm causes ADP-ribosylation and disassembly of vimentin filaments during microglia activation induced by LPS. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1363154. [PMID: 38590714 PMCID: PMC10999663 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1363154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation plays a significant role in various biological processes including genomic stability maintenance, transcriptional regulation, energy metabolism, and cell death. Using macrodomain pull-down assay with microglia lysates and MALDI-TOF-MS analysis, we identified vimentin as a major protein highly ADP-ribosylated by the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases-1 (PARP-1) in response to LPS. ABT-888, a potent inhibitor of PARP-1/2 blocks the disassembly and ADP-ribosylation of vimentin. PARP-1 is a highly abundant nuclear protein. Its nuclear functions in repairing DNA damages induced by various stress signals, such as inflammatory stresses, have been well studied. In contrast, limited studies have been done on the cytoplasmic role(s) of PARP-1. Our study focuses on the cytoplasmic role of PARP-1 during microglia activation. Using immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blotting, we showed that a significant amount of PARP-1 is present in the cytosol of microglia cells stimulated and activated by LPS. Live cell imaging showed the translocation of nuclear PARP-1-EGFP to the cytoplasm in vesicular structures upon LPS stimulation. ABT-888 and U0126 can block this translocation. Immunofluorescence staining with various organelle marker antibodies revealed that PARP-1 vesicles show colocalization with Lamin A/C, suggesting they might be derived from the nuclear envelope through nuclear envelope budding. In conclusion, we demonstrated that PARP-1 is translocated from the nucleus to cytoplasm via vesicles upon LPS stimulation and that cytoplasmic PARP-1 causes ADP-ribosylation and disassembly of vimentin filaments during microglia activation induced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lirui Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangmei Hua
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Y. Chung
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA, United States
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130
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Yu Y, Lv J, Ma D, Han Y, Zhang Y, Wang S, Wang Z. Microglial ApoD-induced NLRC4 inflammasome activation promotes Alzheimer's disease progression. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38520135 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with no effective therapies. It is well known that chronic neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the onset and progression of AD. Well-balanced neuronal-microglial interactions are essential for brain functions. However, determining the role of microglia-the primary immune cells in the brain-in neuroinflammation in AD and the associated molecular basis has been challenging. METHODS Inflammatory factors in the sera of AD patients were detected and their association with microglia activation was analyzed. The mechanism for microglial inflammation was investigated. IL6 and TNF-α were found to be significantly increased in the AD stage. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that microglia were extensively activated in AD cerebra, releasing sufficient amounts of cytokines to impair the neural stem cells (NSCs) function. Moreover, the ApoD-induced NLRC4 inflammasome was activated in microglia, which gave rise to the proinflammatory phenotype. Targeting the microglial ApoD promoted NSC self-renewal and inhibited neuron apoptosis. These findings demonstrate the critical role of ApoD in microglial inflammasome activation, and for the first time reveal that microglia-induced inflammation suppresses neuronal proliferation. CONCLUSION Our studies establish the cellular basis for microglia activation in AD progression and shed light on cellular interactions important for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaliang Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhou Lv
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P. R. China
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P. R. China
| | - Ya Han
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P. R. China
| | - Yaheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P. R. China
| | - Shanlong Wang
- Clinical Lab, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P. R. China
| | - Zhitao Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P. R. China
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131
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Binda S, Tremblay A, Iqbal UH, Kassem O, Le Barz M, Thomas V, Bronner S, Perrot T, Ismail N, Parker J. Psychobiotics and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Where Do We Go from Here? Microorganisms 2024; 12:634. [PMID: 38674579 PMCID: PMC11052108 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiota and the nervous system is known as the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA). The MGBA controls the complex interactions between the brain, the enteric nervous system, the gut-associated immune system, and the enteric neuroendocrine systems, regulating key physiological functions such as the immune response, sleep, emotions and mood, food intake, and intestinal functions. Psychobiotics are considered tools with the potential to modulate the MGBA through preventive, adjunctive, or curative approaches, but their specific mechanisms of action on many aspects of health are yet to be characterized. This narrative review and perspectives article highlights the key paradigms needing attention as the scope of potential probiotics applications in human health increases, with a growing body of evidence supporting their systemic beneficial effects. However, there are many limitations to overcome before establishing the extent to which we can incorporate probiotics in the management of neuropsychiatric disorders. Although this article uses the term probiotics in a general manner, it remains important to study probiotics at the strain level in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Binda
- Lallemand Health Solutions, 19 Rue des Briquetiers, BP 59, 31702 Blagnac, France; (M.L.B.); (V.T.)
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Lallemand Health Solutions, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (A.T.); (U.H.I.); (O.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Annie Tremblay
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Lallemand Health Solutions, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (A.T.); (U.H.I.); (O.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Umar Haris Iqbal
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Lallemand Health Solutions, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (A.T.); (U.H.I.); (O.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Ola Kassem
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Lallemand Health Solutions, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (A.T.); (U.H.I.); (O.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Mélanie Le Barz
- Lallemand Health Solutions, 19 Rue des Briquetiers, BP 59, 31702 Blagnac, France; (M.L.B.); (V.T.)
| | - Vincent Thomas
- Lallemand Health Solutions, 19 Rue des Briquetiers, BP 59, 31702 Blagnac, France; (M.L.B.); (V.T.)
| | - Stéphane Bronner
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Lallemand Health Solutions, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (A.T.); (U.H.I.); (O.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Tara Perrot
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- Department of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - J.Alex Parker
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
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132
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Dutta D, Liu J, Xu E, Xiong H. Methamphetamine Enhancement of HIV-1 gp120-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Resultant Proinflammatory Responses in Rat Microglial Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3588. [PMID: 38612400 PMCID: PMC11012125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) remain prevalent in HIV-1-infected individuals despite the evident success of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). The mechanisms underlying HAND prevalence in the cART era remain perplexing. Ample evidence indicates that HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein protein 120 (gp120), a potent neurotoxin, plays a pivotal role in HAND pathogenesis. Methamphetamine (Meth) abuse exacerbates HANDs, but how this occurs is not fully understood. We hypothesize that Meth exacerbates HANDs by enhancing gp120-mediated neuroinflammation. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effect of Meth on gp120-induced microglial activation and the resultant production of proinflammatory cytokines in primary rat microglial cultures. Our results show that Meth enhanced gp120-induced microglial activation, as revealed by immunostaining and Iba-1 expression, and potentiated gp120-mediated NLRP3 expression and IL-1β processing and release, as assayed by immunoblotting and ELISA. Meth also augmented the co-localization of NLRP3 and caspase-1, increased the numbers of NLRP3 puncta and ROS production, increased the levels of iNOS expression and NO production, and increased the levels of cleaved gasderminD (GSDMD-N; an executor of pyroptosis) in gp120-primed microglia. The Meth-associated effects were attenuated or blocked by MCC950, an NLRP3 inhibitor, or Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondrial superoxide scavenger. These results suggest that Meth enhances gp120-associated microglial NLRP3 activation and the resultant proinflammatory responses via mitochondria-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (J.L.); (E.X.)
| | | | | | - Huangui Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (J.L.); (E.X.)
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Crisci I, Bonzano S, Nicolas Z, Dallorto E, Peretto P, Krezel W, De Marchis S. Tamoxifen exerts direct and microglia-mediated effects preventing neuroinflammatory changes in the adult mouse hippocampal neurogenic niche. Glia 2024. [PMID: 38515286 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Tamoxifen-inducible systems are widely used in research to control Cre-mediated gene deletion in genetically modified animals. Beyond Cre activation, tamoxifen also exerts off-target effects, whose consequences are still poorly addressed. Here, we investigated the impact of tamoxifen on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammatory responses, focusing on the neurogenic activity in the adult mouse dentate gyrus. We demonstrated that a four-day LPS treatment led to an increase in microglia, astrocytes and radial glial cells with concomitant reduction of newborn neurons. These effects were counteracted by a two-day tamoxifen pre-treatment. Through selective microglia depletion, we elucidated that both LPS and tamoxifen influenced astrogliogenesis via microglia mediated mechanisms, while the effects on neurogenesis persisted even in a microglia-depleted environment. Notably, changes in radial glial cells resulted from a combination of microglia-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Overall, our data reveal that tamoxifen treatment per se does not alter the balance between adult neurogenesis and astrogliogenesis but does modulate cellular responses to inflammatory stimuli exerting a protective role within the adult hippocampal neurogenic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Crisci
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- NICO-Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Sara Bonzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- NICO-Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Zinter Nicolas
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Eleonora Dallorto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- NICO-Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Paolo Peretto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- NICO-Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Wojciech Krezel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- NICO-Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
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134
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Rogerson-Wood L, Goldsbury CS, Sawatari A, Leamey CA. An early enriched experience drives targeted microglial engulfment of miswired neural circuitry during a restricted postnatal period. Glia 2024. [PMID: 38511347 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Brain function is critically dependent on correct circuit assembly. Microglia are well-known for their important roles in immunological defense and neural plasticity, but whether they can also mediate experience-induced correction of miswired circuitry is unclear. Ten-m3 knockout (KO) mice display a pronounced and stereotyped visuotopic mismapping of ipsilateral retinal inputs in their visual thalamus, providing a useful model to probe circuit correction mechanisms. Environmental enrichment (EE) commenced around birth, but not later in life, can drive a partial correction of the most mismapped retinal inputs in Ten-m3 KO mice. Here, we assess whether enrichment unlocks the capacity for microglia to selectively engulf and remove miswired circuitry, and the timing of this effect. Expression of the microglial-associated lysosomal protein CD68 showed a clear enrichment-driven, spatially restricted change which had not commenced at postnatal day (P)18, was evident at P21, more robust at P25, and had ceased by P30. This was observed specifically at the corrective pruning site and was absent at a control site. An engulfment assay at the corrective pruning site in P25 mice showed EE-driven microglial-uptake of the mismapped axon terminals. This was temporally and spatially specific, as no enrichment-driven microglial engulfment was seen in P18 KO mice, nor the control locus. The timecourse of the EE-driven corrective pruning as determined anatomically, aligned with this pattern of microglia reactivity and engulfment. Collectively, these findings show experience can drive targeted microglial engulfment of miswired neural circuitry during a restricted postnatal window. This may have important therapeutic implications for neurodevelopmental conditions involving aberrant neural connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Rogerson-Wood
- School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience theme), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claire S Goldsbury
- School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience theme), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Atomu Sawatari
- School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience theme), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine A Leamey
- School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience theme), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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135
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Funes S, Jung J, Gadd DH, Mosqueda M, Zhong J, Shankaracharya, Unger M, Stallworth K, Cameron D, Rotunno MS, Dawes P, Fowler-Magaw M, Keagle PJ, McDonough JA, Boopathy S, Sena-Esteves M, Nickerson JA, Lutz C, Skarnes WC, Lim ET, Schafer DP, Massi F, Landers JE, Bosco DA. Expression of ALS-PFN1 impairs vesicular degradation in iPSC-derived microglia. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2497. [PMID: 38509062 PMCID: PMC10954694 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46695-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia play a pivotal role in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis, but the mechanisms underlying microglia dysfunction and toxicity remain to be elucidated. To investigate the effect of neurodegenerative disease-linked genes on the intrinsic properties of microglia, we studied microglia-like cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), termed iMGs, harboring mutations in profilin-1 (PFN1) that are causative for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS-PFN1 iMGs exhibited evidence of lipid dysmetabolism, autophagy dysregulation and deficient phagocytosis, a canonical microglia function. Mutant PFN1 also displayed enhanced binding affinity for PI3P, a critical signaling molecule involved in autophagic and endocytic processing. Our cumulative data implicate a gain-of-toxic function for mutant PFN1 within the autophagic and endo-lysosomal pathways, as administration of rapamycin rescued phagocytic dysfunction in ALS-PFN1 iMGs. These outcomes demonstrate the utility of iMGs for neurodegenerative disease research and implicate microglial vesicular degradation pathways in the pathogenesis of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Funes
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Translational Science Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jonathan Jung
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Del Hayden Gadd
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Michelle Mosqueda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhong
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shankaracharya
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Matthew Unger
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Karly Stallworth
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Debra Cameron
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Melissa S Rotunno
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Pepper Dawes
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Megan Fowler-Magaw
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Pamela J Keagle
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | | | - Sivakumar Boopathy
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Nickerson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Cathleen Lutz
- The Jackson Laboratory Center for Precision Genetics, Rare Disease Translational Center, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - William C Skarnes
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Elaine T Lim
- Neuroscience Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Dorothy P Schafer
- Neuroscience Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Francesca Massi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - John E Landers
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Daryl A Bosco
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Translational Science Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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Fritsch LE, Kelly C, Leonard J, de Jager C, Wei X, Brindley S, Harris EA, Kaloss AM, DeFoor N, Paul S, O'Malley H, Ju J, Olsen ML, Theus MH, Pickrell AM. STING-Dependent Signaling in Microglia or Peripheral Immune Cells Orchestrates the Early Inflammatory Response and Influences Brain Injury Outcome. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0191232024. [PMID: 38360749 PMCID: PMC10957216 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0191-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
While originally identified as an antiviral pathway, recent work has implicated that cyclic GMP-AMP-synthase-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (cGAS-STING) signaling is playing a critical role in the neuroinflammatory response to traumatic brain injury (TBI). STING activation results in a robust inflammatory response characterized by the production of inflammatory cytokines called interferons, as well as hundreds of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). Global knock-out (KO) mice inhibiting this pathway display neuroprotection with evidence that this pathway is active days after injury; yet, the early neuroinflammatory events stimulated by STING signaling remain understudied. Furthermore, the source of STING signaling during brain injury is unknown. Using a murine controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI, we investigated the peripheral immune and microglial response to injury utilizing male chimeric and conditional STING KO animals, respectively. We demonstrate that peripheral and microglial STING signaling contribute to negative outcomes in cortical lesion volume, cell death, and functional outcomes postinjury. A reduction in overall peripheral immune cell and neutrophil infiltration at the injury site is STING dependent in these models at 24 h. Transcriptomic analysis at 2 h, when STING is active, reveals that microglia drive an early, distinct transcriptional program to elicit proinflammatory genes including interleukin 1-β (IL-1β), which is lost in conditional knock-out mice. The upregulation of alternative innate immune pathways also occurs after injury in these animals, which supports a complex relationship between brain-resident and peripheral immune cells to coordinate the proinflammatory response and immune cell influx to damaged tissue after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Fritsch
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, Virginia 24016
| | - Colin Kelly
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, Virginia 24016
| | - John Leonard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Caroline de Jager
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, Virginia 24016
| | - Xiaoran Wei
- Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Samantha Brindley
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Elizabeth A Harris
- Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Alexandra M Kaloss
- Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Nicole DeFoor
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Swagatika Paul
- Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Hannah O'Malley
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Jing Ju
- Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Michelle L Olsen
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Michelle H Theus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Alicia M Pickrell
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
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137
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Chaves-Filho A, Eyres C, Blöbaum L, Landwehr A, Tremblay MÈ. The emerging neuroimmune hypothesis of bipolar disorder: An updated overview of neuroimmune and microglial findings. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38504593 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe and multifactorial disease, with onset usually in young adulthood, which follows a progressive course throughout life. Replicated epidemiological studies have suggested inflammatory mechanisms and neuroimmune risk factors as primary contributors to the onset and development of BD. While not all patients display overt markers of inflammation, significant evidence suggests that aberrant immune signaling contributes to all stages of the disease and seems to be mood phase dependent, likely explaining the heterogeneity of findings observed in this population. As the brain's immune cells, microglia orchestrate the brain's immune response and play a critical role in maintaining the brain's health across the lifespan. Microglia are also highly sensitive to environmental changes and respond to physiological and pathological events by adapting their functions, structure, and molecular expression. Recently, it has been highlighted that instead of a single population of cells, microglia comprise a heterogeneous community with specialized states adjusted according to the local molecular cues and intercellular interactions. Early evidence has highlighted the contribution of microglia to BD neuropathology, notably for severe outcomes, such as suicidality. However, the roles and diversity of microglial states in this disease are still largely undermined. This review brings an updated overview of current literature on the contribution of neuroimmune risk factors for the onset and progression of BD, the most prominent neuroimmune abnormalities (including biomarker, neuroimaging, ex vivo studies) and the most recent findings of microglial involvement in BD neuropathology. Combining these different shreds of evidence, we aim to propose a unifying hypothesis for BD pathophysiology centered on neuroimmune abnormalities and microglia. Also, we highlight the urgent need to apply novel multi-system biology approaches to characterize the diversity of microglial states and functions involved in this enigmatic disorder, which can open bright perspectives for novel biomarkers and therapeutic discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Chaves-Filho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Women Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Brain Health Cluster at the Institute on Aging & Lifelong Health (IALH), Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Capri Eyres
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leonie Blöbaum
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Antonia Landwehr
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Women Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Brain Health Cluster at the Institute on Aging & Lifelong Health (IALH), Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
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138
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Yeh TY, Chu WJ, Huang YS. GM1 ganglioside protects against LPS-induced neuroinflammatory and oxidative responses by inhibiting the activation of Akt, TAK1 and NADPH oxidase in MG6 microglial cells. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwad087. [PMID: 37935390 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
GM1 is a major brain ganglioside that exerts neurotrophic, neuroprotective and antineuroinflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to obtain insights into the antineuroinflammatory mechanisms of exogenous GM1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated MG6 mouse transformed microglial cell line. First, we found that GM1 prevented the LPS-induced transformation of microglia into an amoeboid-like shape. GM1 treatment inhibited LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in MG6 cells. In LPS-treated mice, GM1 also reduced striatal microglia activation and attenuated COX-2 expression. Subsequent mechanistic studies showed that GM1 suppressed LPS-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), two critical transcription factors responsible for the production of proinflammatory mediators. GM1 exhibited antineuroinflammatory properties by suppressing Akt/NF-κB signaling and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including p38 MAPK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Furthermore, GM1 suppressed LPS-induced activation of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), upstream regulators of the IκBα/NF-κB and MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathways. GM1 also inhibited NOX-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and protected against LPS-induced MG6 cell death, suggesting an antioxidant role of GM1. In conclusion, GM1 exerts both antineuroinflammatory and antioxidative effects by inhibiting Akt, TAK1 and NOX2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yin Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jui Chu
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yuahn-Sieh Huang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
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139
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Xia XM, Duan Y, Wang YP, Han RX, Dong YF, Jiang SY, Zheng Y, Qiao C, Cao L, Lu X, Lu M. Vagus nerve stimulation as a promising neuroprotection for ischemic stroke via α7nAchR-dependent inactivation of microglial NLRP3 inflammasome. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01245-4. [PMID: 38504011 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of disability and death worldwide, and its management requires urgent attention. Previous studies have shown that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) exerts neuroprotection in ischemic stroke by inhibiting neuroinflammation and apoptosis. In this study, we evaluated the timing for VNS intervention in ischemic stroke, and the underlying mechanisms of VNS-induced neuroprotection. Mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for 60 min. The left vagus nerve at cervical level was exposed and attached to an electrode connected to a low-frequency electrical stimulator. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) was given for 60 min before, during and after tMCAO (Pre-VNS, Dur-VNS, Post-VNS). Neurological function was assessed 24 h after reperfusion. We found that all the three VNS significantly protected against the tMCAO-induced injury evidenced by improved neurological function and reduced infarct volume. Moreover, the Pre-VNS was the most effective against the ischemic injury. We found that tMCAO activated microglia in the ischemic core and penumbra regions of the brain, followed by the NLRP3 inflammasome activation-induced neuroinflammation, which finally triggered neuronal death. VNS treatment preserved α7nAChR expression in the penumbra regions, inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and ensuing neuroinflammation, rescuing cerebral neurons. The role of α7nAChR in microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation in ischemic stroke was further validated using genetic manipulations, including Chrna7 knockout mice and microglial Chrna7 overexpression mice, as well as pharmacological interventions using the α7nAChR inhibitor methyllycaconitine and agonist PNU-282987. Collectively, this study demonstrates the potential of VNS as a safe and effective strategy to treat ischemic stroke, and presents a new approach targeting microglial NLRP3 inflammasome, which might be therapeutic for other inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Yu Duan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yue-Ping Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Rui-Xue Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yin-Feng Dong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Si-Yuan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Chen Qiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China.
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China.
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140
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Huang J, Wang X, Li N, Fan W, Li X, Zhou Q, Liu J, Li W, Zhang Z, Liu X, Zeng S, Yang H, Tian M, Yang P, Hou S. YY1 Lactylation Aggravates Autoimmune Uveitis by Enhancing Microglial Functions via Inflammatory Genes. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2308031. [PMID: 38493498 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Activated microglia in the retina are essential for the development of autoimmune uveitis. Yin-Yang 1 (YY1) is an important transcription factor that participates in multiple inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. Here, an increased YY1 lactylation in retinal microglia within in the experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) group is observed. YY1 lactylation contributed to boosting microglial activation and promoting their proliferation and migration abilities. Inhibition of lactylation suppressed microglial activation and attenuated inflammation in EAU. Mechanistically, cleavage under targets & tagmentation (CUT&Tag) analysis revealed that YY1 lactylation promoted microglial activation by regulating the transcription of a set of inflammatory genes, including STAT3, CCL5, IRF1, IDO1, and SEMA4D. In addition, p300 is identified as the writer of YY1 lactylation. Inhibition of p300 decreased YY1 lactylation and suppressed microglial inflammation in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, the results showed that YY1 lactylation promoted microglial dysfunction in autoimmune uveitis by upregulating inflammatory cytokine secretion and boosting cell migration and proliferation. Therapeutic effects can be achieved by targeting the lactate/p300/YY1 lactylation/inflammatory genes axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute; Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaotang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute; Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute; Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xingran Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute; Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute; Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiangyi Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute; Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wanqian Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute; Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute; Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute; Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shuhao Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute; Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Meng Tian
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Peizeng Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute; Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shengping Hou
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
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141
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Scholz R, Brösamle D, Yuan X, Beyer M, Neher JJ. Epigenetic control of microglial immune responses. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38491845 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Microglia, the major population of brain-resident macrophages, are now recognized as a heterogeneous population comprising several cell subtypes with different (so far mostly supposed) functions in health and disease. A number of studies have performed molecular characterization of these different microglial activation states over the last years making use of "omics" technologies, that is transcriptomics, proteomics and, less frequently, epigenomics profiling. These approaches offer the possibility to identify disease mechanisms, discover novel diagnostic biomarkers, and develop new therapeutic strategies. Here, we focus on epigenetic profiling as a means to understand microglial immune responses beyond what other omics methods can offer, that is, revealing past and present molecular responses, gene regulatory networks and potential future response trajectories, and defining cell subtype-specific disease relevance through mapping non-coding genetic variants. We review the current knowledge in the field regarding epigenetic regulation of microglial identity and function, provide an exemplary analysis that demonstrates the advantages of performing joint transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of single microglial cells and discuss how comprehensive epigenetic analyses may enhance our understanding of microglial pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Scholz
- Immunogenomics & Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Desirée Brösamle
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Neuroimmunology and Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Xidi Yuan
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Neuroimmunology and Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Beyer
- Immunogenomics & Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and University of Bonn and West German Genome Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonas J Neher
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Neuroimmunology and Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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142
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Davis E, Lloyd AF. The proteomic landscape of microglia in health and disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1379717. [PMID: 38560294 PMCID: PMC10978577 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1379717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and as such play crucial roles in regulating brain homeostasis. Their presence in neurodegenerative diseases is known, with neurodegeneration-associated risk genes heavily expressed in microglia, highlighting their importance in contributing to disease pathogenesis. Transcriptomics studies have uncovered the heterogeneous landscape of microglia in health and disease, identifying important disease-associated signatures such as DAM, and insight into both the regional and temporal diversity of microglia phenotypes. Quantitative mass spectrometry methods are ever increasing in the field of neurodegeneration, utilised as ways to identify disease biomarkers and to gain deeper understanding of disease pathology. Proteins are the main mechanistic indicators of cellular function, yet discordance between transcript and proteomic findings has highlighted the need for in-depth proteomic phenotypic and functional analysis to fully understand disease kinetics at the cellular and molecular level. This review details the current progress of using proteomics to define microglia biology, the relationship between gene and protein expression in microglia, and the future of proteomics and emerging methods aiming to resolve heterogeneous cell landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Davis
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amy F. Lloyd
- Cell Signalling and Immunology, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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143
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Zheng Z, Zhang S, Liu X, Wang X, Xue C, Wu X, Zhang X, Xu X, Liu Z, Yao L, Lu G. LRRK2 regulates ferroptosis through the system Xc-GSH-GPX4 pathway in the neuroinflammatory mechanism of Parkinson's disease. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38477420 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. Neuroinflammation mediated by activated microglia and apoptosis of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the midbrain are its primary pathological manifestations. Leucine-rich repeat protein kinase 2 (LRRK2) kinase has been observed to increase expression during neuroinflammation, however, the effect of LRRK2 on microglia activation remains poorly understood. In this study, we have established lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated BV2 cells and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) models for both in vivo and in vitro investigation. Our data in vivo reveal that LRRK2 can promote microglia activation by regulating ferroptosis and activating nuclear factor-κB. Inhibition of LRRK2 expression effectively suppressed the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and facilitated the secretion of neuroprotective factors. Importantly, by co-overexpressing LRRK2 and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), we identified the system Xc-GSH-GPX4 pathway as a crucial component in LRRK2-mediated microglial ferroptosis and inflammatory responses. Using a microglial culture supernatant (MCS) transfer model, we found that inhibiting LRRK2 or downregulating ferroptosis in BV2 cells prevented SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis. Additionally, we observed abundant expression of LRRK2 and P-P65 in the midbrain, which was elevated in the MPTP-induced PD model, along with microglia activation. LRRK2 and P-P65 expression inhibition with PF-06447475 attenuated microglia activation in the nigrostriatal dense part of MPTP-treated mice. Based on our findings, it is evident that LRRK2 plays a critical role in promoting the neuroinflammatory response during the pathogenesis of PD by regulating the system Xc-GSH-GPX4 pathway. Taken together, our data highlights the potential research and therapeutic value of targeting LRRK2 to regulate neuroinflammatory response in PD through ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shushan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiangrong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cheng Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinping Xu
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Longping Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Group for Regeneration and Reprogramming, Institute for Regeneration, Anatomy and Cel Biology, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guohui Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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144
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Rosito M, Maqbool J, Reccagni A, Giampaoli O, Sciubba F, Antonangeli F, Scavizzi F, Raspa M, Cordella F, Tondo L, Di Angelantonio S, Trettel F, Miccheli A, D'Alessandro G, Limatola C. Antibiotics treatment promotes vasculogenesis in the brain of glioma-bearing mice. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:210. [PMID: 38480690 PMCID: PMC10937980 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06578-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, several studies described the close relationship between the composition of gut microbiota and brain functions, highlighting the importance of gut-derived metabolites in mediating neuronal and glial cells cross-talk in physiological and pathological condition. Gut dysbiosis may affects cerebral tumors growth and progression, but the specific metabolites involved in this modulation have not been identified yet. Using a syngeneic mouse model of glioma, we have investigated the role of dysbiosis induced by the administration of non-absorbable antibiotics on mouse metabolome and on tumor microenvironment. We report that antibiotics treatment induced: (1) alteration of the gut and brain metabolome profiles; (2) modeling of tumor microenvironment toward a pro-angiogenic phenotype in which microglia and glioma cells are actively involved; (3) increased glioma stemness; (4) trans-differentiation of glioma cells into endothelial precursor cells, thus increasing vasculogenesis. We propose glycine as a metabolite that, in ABX-induced dysbiosis, shapes brain microenvironment and contributes to glioma growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nanoscience & Neuroscience Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Javeria Maqbool
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Reccagni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ottavia Giampaoli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Sciubba
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Antonangeli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Cordella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nanoscience & Neuroscience Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Tondo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nanoscience & Neuroscience Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Angelantonio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nanoscience & Neuroscience Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Trettel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alfredo Miccheli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina D'Alessandro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia, Rome, Italy.
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145
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Taylor MA, Kokiko-Cochran ON. Context is key: glucocorticoid receptor and corticosteroid therapeutics in outcomes after traumatic brain injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1351685. [PMID: 38529007 PMCID: PMC10961349 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1351685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health burden, and survivors suffer functional and psychiatric consequences that can persist long after injury. TBI induces a physiological stress response by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, but the effects of injury on the stress response become more complex in the long term. Clinical and experimental evidence suggests long lasting dysfunction of the stress response after TBI. Additionally, pre- and post-injury stress both have negative impacts on outcome following TBI. This bidirectional relationship between stress and injury impedes recovery and exacerbates TBI-induced psychiatric and cognitive dysfunction. Previous clinical and experimental studies have explored the use of synthetic glucocorticoids as a therapeutic for stress-related TBI outcomes, but these have yielded mixed results. Furthermore, long-term steroid treatment is associated with multiple negative side effects. There is a pressing need for alternative approaches that improve stress functionality after TBI. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has been identified as a fundamental link between stress and immune responses, and preclinical evidence suggests GR plays an important role in microglia-mediated outcomes after TBI and other neuroinflammatory conditions. In this review, we will summarize GR-mediated stress dysfunction after TBI, highlighting the role of microglia. We will discuss recent studies which target microglial GR in the context of stress and injury, and we suggest that cell-specific GR interventions may be a promising strategy for long-term TBI pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga N. Kokiko-Cochran
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronic Brain Injury Program, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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146
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Anilkumar S, Wright-Jin E. NF-κB as an Inducible Regulator of Inflammation in the Central Nervous System. Cells 2024; 13:485. [PMID: 38534329 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB (nuclear factor K-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) transcription factor family is critical for modulating the immune proinflammatory response throughout the body. During the resting state, inactive NF-κB is sequestered by IκB in the cytoplasm. The proteasomal degradation of IκB activates NF-κB, mediating its translocation into the nucleus to act as a nuclear transcription factor in the upregulation of proinflammatory genes. Stimuli that initiate NF-κB activation are diverse but are canonically attributed to proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Downstream effects of NF-κB are cell type-specific and, in the majority of cases, result in the activation of pro-inflammatory cascades. Acting as the primary immune responders of the central nervous system, microglia exhibit upregulation of NF-κB upon activation in response to pathological conditions. Under such circumstances, microglial crosstalk with other cell types in the central nervous system can induce cell death, further exacerbating the disease pathology. In this review, we will emphasize the role of NF-κB in triggering neuroinflammation mediated by microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Anilkumar
- Neonatal Brain Injury Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wright-Jin
- Neonatal Brain Injury Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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147
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Wißfeld J, Abou Assale T, Cuevas-Rios G, Liao H, Neumann H. Therapeutic potential to target sialylation and SIGLECs in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1330874. [PMID: 38529039 PMCID: PMC10961342 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1330874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids, commonly found as the terminal carbohydrate on the glycocalyx of mammalian cells, are pivotal checkpoint inhibitors of the innate immune system, particularly within the central nervous system (CNS). Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (SIGLECs) expressed on microglia are key players in maintaining microglial homeostasis by recognizing intact sialylation. The finely balanced sialic acid-SIGLEC system ensures the prevention of excessive and detrimental immune responses in the CNS. However, loss of sialylation and SIGLEC receptor dysfunctions contribute to several chronic CNS diseases. Genetic variants of SIGLEC3/CD33, SIGLEC11, and SIGLEC14 have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, while sialyltransferase ST8SIA2 and SIGLEC4/MAG have been linked to psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and autism spectrum disorders. Consequently, immune-modulatory functions of polysialic acids and SIGLEC binding antibodies have been exploited experimentally in animal models of Alzheimer's disease and inflammation-induced CNS tissue damage, including retinal damage. While the potential of these therapeutic approaches is evident, only a few therapies to target either sialylation or SIGLEC receptors have been tested in patient clinical trials. Here, we provide an overview of the critical role played by the sialic acid-SIGLEC axis in shaping microglial activation and function within the context of neurodegeneration and synaptopathies and discuss the current landscape of therapies that target sialylation or SIGLECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Wißfeld
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tawfik Abou Assale
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - German Cuevas-Rios
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Huan Liao
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Harald Neumann
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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148
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Soares ÉN, Costa ACDS, Ferrolho GDJ, Ureshino RP, Getachew B, Costa SL, da Silva VDA, Tizabi Y. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Glial Cells as Molecular Target for Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2024; 13:474. [PMID: 38534318 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability that also includes non-motor symptoms such as mood dysregulation. Dopamine (DA) is the primary neurotransmitter involved in this disease, but cholinergic imbalance has also been implicated. Current intervention in PD is focused on replenishing central DA, which provides remarkable temporary symptomatic relief but does not address neuronal loss and the progression of the disease. It has been well established that neuronal nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs) can regulate DA release and that nicotine itself may have neuroprotective effects. Recent studies identified nAChRs in nonneuronal cell types, including glial cells, where they may regulate inflammatory responses. Given the crucial role of neuroinflammation in dopaminergic degeneration and the involvement of microglia and astrocytes in this response, glial nAChRs may provide a novel therapeutic target in the prevention and/or treatment of PD. In this review, following a brief discussion of PD, we focus on the role of glial cells and, specifically, their nAChRs in PD pathology and/or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica Novaes Soares
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana Carla Dos Santos Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Jesus Ferrolho
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Portes Ureshino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09961-400, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W Street NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Victor Diogenes Amaral da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W Street NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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149
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Sun Y, Chen D, Dai T, Yu Z, Xie H, Wang X, Zhang W. Cell-free fat extract promotes axon regeneration and retinal ganglion cells survival in traumatic optic neuropathy. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1344853. [PMID: 38515790 PMCID: PMC10954833 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1344853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Injuries to axons within the central nervous system (CNS) pose a substantial clinical challenge due to their limited regenerative capacity. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Cell-free fat extract (CEFFE) in CNS injury. CEFFE was injected intravitreally after the optic nerve was crushed. Two weeks post-injury, quantification of regenerated axons and survival rates of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were performed. Subsequently, comprehensive gene ontology (GO) an-notation elucidated the cellular origins and functional attributes of CEFFE components. Molecular mechanisms underlying CEFFE's therapeutic effects were explored through Western blotting (WB). Additionally, levels of inflammatory factors within CEFFE were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and histological staining of microglia was conducted to assess its impact on neuroinflammation. CEFFE demonstrated a significant capacity to promote axon re-generation and enhance RGCs survival. GO annotation revealed the involvement of 146 proteins within CEFFE in axonogenesis and neurogenesis. WB analysis unveiled the multifaceted pathways through which CEFFE exerts its therapeutic effects. Elevated levels of inflammatory factors were detected through ELISA, and CEFFE exhibited a modulatory effect on microglial activation in the retinal tissue following optic nerve crush (ONC). The present study highlights the therapeutic promise of CEFFE in the management of CNS injuries, exemplified by its ability to foster axon regeneration and improve RGCs survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Sun
- Department of Wound Reconstructive Surgery, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tao Dai
- Department of Wound Reconstructive Surgery, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyou Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangsheng Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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150
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Podleśny-Drabiniok A, Novikova G, Liu Y, Dunst J, Temizer R, Giannarelli C, Marro S, Kreslavsky T, Marcora E, Goate AM. BHLHE40/41 regulate microglia and peripheral macrophage responses associated with Alzheimer's disease and other disorders of lipid-rich tissues. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2058. [PMID: 38448474 PMCID: PMC10917780 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic and experimental evidence suggests that Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk alleles and genes may influence disease susceptibility by altering the transcriptional and cellular responses of macrophages, including microglia, to damage of lipid-rich tissues like the brain. Recently, sc/nRNA sequencing studies identified similar transcriptional activation states in subpopulations of macrophages in aging and degenerating brains and in other diseased lipid-rich tissues. We collectively refer to these subpopulations of microglia and peripheral macrophages as DLAMs. Using macrophage sc/nRNA-seq data from healthy and diseased human and mouse lipid-rich tissues, we reconstructed gene regulatory networks and identified 11 strong candidate transcriptional regulators of the DLAM response across species. Loss or reduction of two of these transcription factors, BHLHE40/41, in iPSC-derived microglia and human THP-1 macrophages as well as loss of Bhlhe40/41 in mouse microglia, resulted in increased expression of DLAM genes involved in cholesterol clearance and lysosomal processing, increased cholesterol efflux and storage, and increased lysosomal mass and degradative capacity. These findings provide targets for therapeutic modulation of macrophage/microglial function in AD and other disorders affecting lipid-rich tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Podleśny-Drabiniok
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Gloriia Novikova
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- OMNI Bioinformatics Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yiyuan Liu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Josefine Dunst
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rose Temizer
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Chiara Giannarelli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuele Marro
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Taras Kreslavsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edoardo Marcora
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Alison Mary Goate
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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