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Dong H, Xie L, Tang C, Chen S, Liu Q, Zhang Q, Zheng W, Zheng Z, Zhang H. Snail1 correlates with patient outcomes in E-cadherin-preserved gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2014; 16:783-91. [PMID: 24356933 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-013-1149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The poor prognosis of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma is largely associated with metastasis. We here report the first study to investigate the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers Snail1 and E-cadherin in GEJ adenocarcinoma. METHODS Snail1 and E-cadherin were detected by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 128 patients with surgically resected GEJ adenocarcinoma. We assessed the pathologic and prognostic relevance in all patients and within clinically different preserved E-cadherin and reduced E-cadherin-expressing sub-groups. RESULTS Immunoreactivity for Snail1 and E-cadherin was positive in 68 and 43 % of tumors, respectively. Snail1-positive tumors had more frequent lymph node metastasis and advanced tumor stage. E-cadherin expression was highly associated with histological differentiation, tumor size, advanced stage, presence of lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. Patients with positive E-cadherin expression or negative Snail1 expression had significantly favorable overall survival rate. In E-cadherin-preserved tumors, the expression of Snail1 was related to lymph node metastasis, advanced stage and poor patient outcome. However, Snail1 expression had no statistically significant relationship with clinicopathologic parameters or prognosis in the reduced E-cadherin-expressing sub-group. Multivariate survival analysis identified that tumor stage [hazard ratio (HR) 2.440; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.216-4.896; P = 0.012], lymph node metastasis (HR 2.404; 95 % CI 1.188-4.867; P = 0.015) and gender (HR 3.244; 95 % CI 1.568-6.714; P = 0.002) were independent prognostic markers for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Snail1 may act more critically in E-cadherin-positive tumors. Evaluation of Snail1 and E-cadherin in GEJ adenocarcinoma may help in assessing malignant properties and stratifying patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dong
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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102
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Bao Y, Gu D, Feng W, Sun X, Wang X, Zhang X, Shi Q, Cui G, Yu H, Tang C, Deng A. COUP-TFII regulates metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinoma cells by modulating Snail1. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:933-43. [PMID: 25032732 PMCID: PMC4150277 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (COUP-TFII, also known as NR2F2) promotes metastasis by functioning in the tumour microenvironment; however, the role of COUP-TFII in colorectal cancer remains unknown. METHODS Human colon adenocarcinoma tissues were collected to test COUP-TFII expression. Wound-healing and cell invasion assay were used to evaluate migration and invasion of cells. Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II and related protein expression was assessed by immunostaining, immunoblotting and real-time PCR assay. Tamoxifen-inducible COUP-TFII knockout mice were employed to test COUP-TFII functions on colon cancer metastasis in vivo. RESULTS Elevated expression of COUP-TFII in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissue correlated with overexpression of the Snail1 transcription factor. High COUP-TFII expression correlated with metastasis and shorter patient survival. Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II regulated the migration and invasion of cancer cells. With Snail1, COUP-TFII inhibited expression of adherence molecules such as ZO-1, E-cadherin and β-catenin in colorectal cancer cells. Overexpression of COUP-TFII was required for cancer cells to metastasise in vivo. Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II regulated the transcription and expression of Snail1 by directly targeting the Snail1 promoter and regulated associated genes. CONCLUSIONS Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II was crucial for colorectal cancer metastasis and regulated cell migration and metastasis in conjunction with Snail1. Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II was found to be a biomarker associated with patient survival and colorectal cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Bao
- First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou Teachers College, the First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - D Gu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - W Feng
- First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou Teachers College, the First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - X Sun
- First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou Teachers College, the First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - X Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou Teachers College, the First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - X Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou Teachers College, the First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Q Shi
- First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou Teachers College, the First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - G Cui
- First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou Teachers College, the First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - H Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou Teachers College, the First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - C Tang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou Teachers College, the First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - A Deng
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Lan A, Zhang J, Xiao Z, Peng X, Qi Y, Du J. Akt2 is involved in loss of epithelial cells and renal fibrosis following unilateral ureteral obstruction. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105451. [PMID: 25148525 PMCID: PMC4141797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive nephropathy is an aggressive form of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is characterized by an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and interstitial fibrosis. However, the molecular mechanisms of EMT and fibrosis are complex and not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the contribution of Akt2 to experimental renal EMT and fibrosis using the well-established model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). We found that Akt2 and phosphor (p)-Akt protein levels were increased in the obstructed kidneys. UUO induced activation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling. Importantly, knockout of Akt2 suppressed UUO-induced EMT, kidney fibrosis, increased GSK3β activity, and decreased expression of Snail and β-catenin. Inhibition of GSK3β with LiCl (the inhibitor of GSK3β) increased the expression of Snail and β-catenin in cultured kidney epithelial cells. Our findings suggest that Akt2 partially contributes to interstitial fibrosis following UUO and that inhibition of this signaling pathway may provide a novel approach of prevent progression of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Lan
- Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhicheng Xiao
- Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfen Qi
- Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Zander MA, Cancino GI, Gridley T, Kaplan DR, Miller FD. The Snail transcription factor regulates the numbers of neural precursor cells and newborn neurons throughout mammalian life. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104767. [PMID: 25136812 PMCID: PMC4138084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Snail transcription factor regulates diverse aspects of stem cell biology in organisms ranging from Drosophila to mammals. Here we have asked whether it regulates the biology of neural precursor cells (NPCs) in the forebrain of postnatal and adult mice, taking advantage of a mouse containing a floxed Snail allele (Snailfl/fl mice). We show that when Snail is inducibly ablated in the embryonic cortex, this has long-term consequences for cortical organization. In particular, when Snailfl/fl mice are crossed to Nestin-cre mice that express Cre recombinase in embryonic neural precursors, this causes inducible ablation of Snail expression throughout the postnatal cortex. This loss of Snail causes a decrease in proliferation of neonatal cortical neural precursors and mislocalization and misspecification of cortical neurons. Moreover, these precursor phenotypes persist into adulthood. Adult neural precursor cell proliferation is decreased in the forebrain subventricular zone and in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, and this is coincident with a decrease in the number of adult-born olfactory and hippocampal neurons. Thus, Snail is a key regulator of the numbers of neural precursors and newborn neurons throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Zander
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gonzalo I. Cancino
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Gridley
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, University of Maine, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - David R. Kaplan
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Freda D. Miller
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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105
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Liu ZC, Chen XH, Song HX, Wang HS, Zhang G, Wang H, Chen DY, Fang R, Liu H, Cai SH, Du J. Snail regulated by PKC/GSK-3β pathway is crucial for EGF-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 358:491-502. [PMID: 25124796 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is considered a major challenge in cancer therapy. Recently, epidermal growth factor (EGF)/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling has been shown to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and thereby to promote cancer metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. We demonstrate that EGF can induce EMT in human prostate and lung cancer cells and thus promote invasion and migration. EGF-induced EMT has been characterized by the cells acquiring mesenchymal spindle-like morphology and increasing their expression of N-cadherin and fibronectin, with a concomitant decrease of E-cadherin. Both protein and mRNA expression of transcription factor Snail rapidly increases after EGF treatment. The knockdown of Snail significantly attenuates EGF-induced EMT, suggesting that Snail is crucial for this process. To determine the way that Snail is accumulated, we demonstrate (1) that EGF promotes the stability of Snail via inhibiting the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β), (2) that protein kinase C (PKC) rather than the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway is responsible for GSK-3β inhibition and (3) that GSK-3β inhibition promotes the transcription of Snail. Taken together, these results reveal that the PKC/GSK-3β signaling pathway controls both the stability and transcription of Snail, which is crucial for EMT induced by EGF in PC-3 and A549 cells. Our study suggests a novel signaling pathway for Snail regulation and provides a better understanding of growth-factor-induced tumor EMT and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-cai Liu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
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106
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Cai W, Ye Q, She QB. Loss of 4E-BP1 function induces EMT and promotes cancer cell migration and invasion via cap-dependent translational activation of snail. Oncotarget 2014; 5:6015-27. [PMID: 24970798 PMCID: PMC4171609 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cap-dependent translation is frequently deregulated in a variety of cancers associated with tumor progression. However, the molecular basis of the translation activation for metastatic progression of cancer remains largely elusive. Here, we demonstrate that activation of cap-dependent translation by silencing the translational repressor 4E-BP1 causes cancer epithelial cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is associated with selective upregulation of the EMT inducer Snail followed by repression of E-cadherin expression and promotion of cell migratory and invasive capabilities as well as metastasis. Conversely, inhibition of cap-dependent translation by a dominant active mutant 4E-BP1 effectively downregulates Snail expression and suppresses cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, dephosphorylation of 4E-BP1 by mTORC1 inhibition or directly targeting the translation initiation also profoundly attenuates Snail expression and cell motility, whereas knockdown of 4E-BP1 or overexpression of Snail significantly rescues the inhibitory effects. Importantly, 4E-BP1-regulated Snail expression is not associated with its changes in the level of transcription or protein stability. Together, these findings indicate a novel role of 4E-BP1 in the regulation of EMT and cell motility through translational control of Snail expression and activity, and suggest that targeting cap-dependent translation may provide a promising approach for blocking Snail-mediated metastatic potential of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Cai
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Qing Ye
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Qing-Bai She
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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107
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Chen J, Xu H, Zou X, Wang J, Zhu Y, Chen H, Shen B, Deng X, Zhou A, Chin YE, Rauscher FJ, Peng C, Hou Z. Snail recruits Ring1B to mediate transcriptional repression and cell migration in pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Res 2014; 74:4353-63. [PMID: 24903147 PMCID: PMC4285394 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional repressor Snail is a master regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), yet the epigenetic mechanism governing Snail to induce EMT is not well understood. Here, we report that in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), elevated levels of the ubiquitin E3 ligase Ring1B and Snail, along with elevated monoubiquitination of H2A at K119 (H2AK119Ub1), are highly correlated with poor survival. Mechanistic investigations identified Ring1B as a Snail-interacting protein and showed that the carboxyl zinc fingers of Snail recruit Ring1B and its paralog Ring1A to repress its target promoters. Simultaneous depletion of Ring1A and Ring1B in pancreatic cancer cells decreased Snail binding to the target chromatin, abolished H2AK119Ub1 modification, and thereby compromised Snail-mediated transcriptional repression and cell migration. We found that Ring1B and the SNAG-associated chromatin modifier EZH2 formed distinct protein complexes with Snail and that EZH2 was required for Snail-Ring1A/B recruitment to the target promoter. Collectively, our results unravel an epigenetic mechanism underlying transcriptional repression by Snail, suggest Ring1A/B as a candidate therapeutic target, and identify H2AK119Ub1 as a potential biomarker for PDAC diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzhi Chen
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuqun Zou
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baiyong Shen
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaxing Deng
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiwu Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Eugene Chin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Frank J Rauscher
- Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghong Peng
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhaoyuan Hou
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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108
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Merikallio H, T TTH, Pääkkö P, Mäkitaro R, Kaarteenaho R, Lehtonen S, Salo S, Salo T, Harju T, Soini Y. Slug is associated with poor survival in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:5846-5854. [PMID: 25337226 PMCID: PMC4203197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the expression of slug in a large set of lung squamous and adenocarcinomas to determine common or dissimilar features in its expression in these two most common forms of lung cancer. To investigate slug related tumor spread we studied the expression of vimentin, claudin 1, MMP2 and MMP9 in these tumors and their relation to slug. Addition, cell invasion assays, mRNA analysis and zymographic tests were performed to study epitheliomesenchymal transition (EMT) related changes in slug blocked lung cell lines. According to the results slug expression did not significantly differ between squamous (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) (P = 0.25). In SCC, slug associated with vimentin (P = 0.016). In AC, claudin 1 associated with MMP2 (P = 0.037). In SCC slug expression had a poor prognositic significance (P = 0.006) and it had independent prognostic value (P = 0.037). In AC MMP2 had a worsening impact on survival (P = 0.021) and it had independent prognostic value (P = 0.002). In cell invasion assays, slug knockdown inhibited the invasion and migration of BEAS-2B, SK-LU1 and SK-MES1 cell lines. The mRNA expression of claudin 1 was downregulated in SK-LU1 cell line. Both tumor cell lines expressed MMP2 and in SK-MES1 slug inhibited line MMP2 appeared to decrease. The results show that slug associated EMT is more pronounced in lung SCC than AC. Slug associated with vimentin in SCC and had an independent prognostic value in this tumor type. Forced slug inhibition might be one putative way of treatment of SCC of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heta Merikallio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Oulu and Oulu University HospitalFinland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of OuluFinland
| | | | - Paavo Pääkkö
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of OuluOulu, Finland
| | - Riitta Mäkitaro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Oulu and Oulu University HospitalFinland
| | - Riitta Kaarteenaho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Oulu and Oulu University HospitalFinland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of OuluFinland
| | - Siri Lehtonen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of OuluFinland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu and Department of Surgery, Oulu University HospitalFinland
| | - Sirpa Salo
- Department of Dentistry, University of OuluFinland
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Dentistry, University of OuluFinland
| | - Terttu Harju
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Oulu and Oulu University HospitalFinland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of OuluFinland
| | - Ylermi Soini
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio and Cancer Center of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland
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Xu Y, Jin J, Liu Y, Huang Z, Deng Y, You T, Zhou T, Si J, Zhuo W. Snail-regulated MiR-375 inhibits migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells by targeting JAK2. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99516. [PMID: 25055044 PMCID: PMC4108470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to play a critical role in cancer invasion and metastasis. Our previous study showed that miR-375 frequently downregulated in gastric cancer suppresses cell proliferation by targeting Janus kinase 2 (JAK2). Here, we further found that the expression level of miR-375 is significantly decreased in metastatic gastric cancer tissues compared with the non-metastasis controls. Ectopic expression of miR-375 inhibits the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells partially by targeting JAK2. Furthermore, miR-375 expression is negatively regulated by the metastasis associated transcription factor Snail, which directly binds to the putative promoter of miR-375. Moreover, overexpression of Snail can partially reverse the inhibition of gastric cancer cell migration caused by miR-375. Taken together, these data suggest that miR-375 may be negatively regulated by Snail and involved in gastric cancer cell migration and invasion potentially by targeting JAK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Xu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiman Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenxia Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Deng
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao You
- Department of Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Si
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhuo
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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110
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Sampson VB, David JM, Puig I, Patil PU, de Herreros AG, Thomas GV, Rajasekaran AK. Wilms' tumor protein induces an epithelial-mesenchymal hybrid differentiation state in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102041. [PMID: 25025131 PMCID: PMC4099076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wilms' tumor transcription factor (WT1) was originally classified as a tumor suppressor, but it is now known to also be associated with cancer progression and poor prognosis in several malignancies. WT1 plays an essential role in orchestrating a developmental process known as mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) during kidney development, but also induces the reverse process, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during heart development. WT1 is not expressed in the adult kidney, but shows elevated expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, the role of WT1 in this disease has not been characterized. In this study, we demonstrate that WT1 is upregulated in ccRCC cells that are deficient in the expression of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (VHL). We found that WT1 transcriptionally activated Snail, a master transcriptional repressor that is known to induce EMT. Although Snail represses E-cadherin and induces mesenchymal characteristics, we found partial maintenance of E-cadherin and associated epithelial characteristics in kidney cells and ccRCC cells that express WT1, since WT1 upregulates E-cadherin expression and competes with Snail repression. These findings support a novel paradigm in which WT1 induces an epithelial-mesenchymal hybrid transition (EMHT), characterized by Snail up-regulation with E-cadherin maintenance, a tumor cell differentiation state in which cancer cells keep both EMT and MET characteristics which may promote tumor cell plasticity and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie B. Sampson
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Justin M. David
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Isabel Puig
- IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pratima U. Patil
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | | | - George V. Thomas
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ayyappan K. Rajasekaran
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Llamusí B, Muñoz-Soriano V, Paricio N, Artero R. The use of whole-mount in situ hybridization to illustrate gene expression regulation. Biochem Mol Biol Educ 2014; 42:339-347. [PMID: 24979316 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.20807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In situ hybridization is a widely used technique for studying gene expression. Here, we describe two experiments addressed to postgraduate genetics students in which the effect of transcription factors on gene expression is analyzed in Drosophila embryos of different genotypes by whole-mount in situ hybridization. In one of the experiments, students analyzed the repressive effect of Snail over rhomboid expression using reporter lines containing different constructs of the rhomboid neuroectodermal enhancer fused to the lacZ gene. In the second experiment, the epistatic relationship between the cabut and decapentaplegic genes was analyzed. These simple experiments allowed students to (1) understand the role of transcription factors and cis-regulatory elements over gene expression regulation and (2) practice a widespread laboratory technique, in situ hybridization with nonradioactive labeled probes, to detect gene expression patterns. These experiments required 12 hr and were organized into four daily sessions that included the discussion of the results with students. Examples of the results obtained and their relevance are shown and discussed herein. The methods described in these laboratory exercises can be easily adapted to model organisms other than Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Llamusí
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
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Dong Q, Cai N, Tao T, Zhang R, Yan W, Li R, Zhang J, Luo H, Shi Y, Luan W, Zhang Y, You Y, Wang Y, Liu N. An axis involving SNAI1, microRNA-128 and SP1 modulates glioma progression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98651. [PMID: 24959930 PMCID: PMC4068992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is an extraordinarily aggressive disease that requires more effective therapeutic options. Snail family zinc finger 1, dysregulated in many neoplasms, has been reported to be involved in gliomas. However, the biological mechanisms underlying SNAI1 function in gliomas need further investigation. METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure microRNA-128 (miR-128) expression level and western blot was performed to detect protein expression in U87 and U251 cells and human brain tissues. Cell cycle, CCK-8, transwell and wound-healing assays were performed. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used for identifying the mechanism of SNAI1 and miR-128b regulation. The mechanism of miR-128 targeting SP1 was also tested by luciferase reporter assay. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation staining were used for quantifying SNAI1, SP1 and miR-128 expression levels in human glioma samples. RESULTS The Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) data revealed that SNAI1 was up-regulated in glioma and we confirmed the findings in normal and glioma tissues. SNAI1 depletion by shRNA retarded the cell cycle and suppressed proliferation and invasion in glioma cell lines. The CGGA data showed that the Pearson correlation index between SNAI1 and miR-128 was negatively correlated. SNAI1 suppressed miR-128b expression by binding to the miR-128b specific promoter motif, and miR-128 targeted SP1 via binding to the 3'-untranslated region of SP1. Moreover, introduction of miR-128 anti-sense oligonucleotide alleviated the cell cycle retardation, proliferation and invasion inhibition induced by SNAI1 shRNA. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation analysis of SNAI1, SP1 and miR-128 unraveled their expression levels and correlations in glioma samples. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the SNAI1/miR-128/SP1 axis, which plays a vital role in glioma progression, may come to be a clinically relevant therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsheng Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenkang Luan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaxuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongping You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingyi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Maeng YI, Kim KH, Kim JY, Lee SJ, Sung WJ, Lee CK, Park JB, Park KK. Transcription factors related to epithelial mesenchymal transition in tumor center and margin in invasive lung adenocarcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:4095-4103. [PMID: 25120788 PMCID: PMC4129023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment has many roles involving tumor progression, invasion and metastasis. The tumor cells at the tumor border loose epithelial properties and acquire mesenchymal features. This, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been suggested to be an important process for tissue and lymphovascular invasion. Pulmonary tissue samples from 15 patients with primary adenocarcinoma were evaluated with using immunofluorescence multi-staining the EMT-associated markers including E-cadherin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and transcription factors including E-SNAIL and SLUG, and ZEB1. The data were analyzed in specific area, such as tumor center and tumor border. In this study we show that the invasive adenocarcinoma differentially expressed SNAIL and SLUG, and Zeb1 and it was associated with the loss of epithelial marker (E-cadherin) and gaining of mesenchymal marker (α-SMA) at the invasive border of lung carcinoma. The positive rates of SNAIL and ZEB1 were 26.7% and 0% in the tumor center and 40% and 20% in tumor margin, respectively. In addition, the expression of both SNAIL and ZEB1 at the border of tumor was observed in two cases (2/10). These two cases were associated with lymph node metastasis and advanced stage. The process of EMT has been suggested to be of prime importance for tissue and lymphovascular invasion. The process of EMT may be activated in the tumor border of lung adenocarcinoma. Related transcription factors, such as SNAIL and SLUG, and ZEB1, might be induced by paracrine effects of surrounded inflammatory cells and fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-In Maeng
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of DaeguDaegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of DaeguDaegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of DaeguDaegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Jae Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of DaeguDaegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Sung
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of DaeguDaegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Kee Lee
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of DaeguDaegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bok Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of DaeguDaegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of DaeguDaegu, Republic of Korea
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Chen CH, Cheng CY, Chen YC, Sue YM, Liu CT, Cheng TH, Hsu YH, Chen TH. MicroRNA-328 inhibits renal tubular cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by targeting the CD44 in pressure-induced renal fibrosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99802. [PMID: 24919189 PMCID: PMC4068774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs in stressed tubular epithelial cells, contributing to renal fibrosis. Initial mechanisms promoting EMT are unknown. Pressure force is an important mechanism contributing to the induction and progression of renal fibrogenesis in ureteric obstruction. In our study of cultured rat renal tubular cells (NRK-52E) under 60 mmHg of pressure, we found that the epithelial marker E-cadherin decreased and mesenchymal markers, e.g., α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin and Snail, increased. Pressure also induced the expression of connective tissue growth factor and transforming growth factor-β. MicroRNA array assays showed that pressure reduced miR-328 at the initial stage of pressurization. We identified a potential target sequence of miR-328 in rat CD44 3′-untranslated regions. In contrast with the miR-328 expression, CD44 expression was up-regulated at the initial pressurization stage. We also found that miR-328 expression decreased and CD44 increased in ureteric obstruction kidneys in the animal study. CD44 siRNA transfection significantly increased E-cadherin expression and inhibited pressure-induced EMT. Both hyaluronan binding peptide pep-1 and osteopontin neutralizing antibody inhibited pressure-induced EMT. Our results suggest that miR-328-mediated CD44 transient upregulation is an important trigger of the pressure-induced EMT in renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsien Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Cheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Cheng Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Mou Sue
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Te Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hurng Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ho Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tso-Hsiao Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Willenbrock S, Wagner S, Reimann-Berg N, Moulay M, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Nolte I, Escobar HM. Generation and characterisation of a canine EGFP-HMGA2 prostate cancer in vitro model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98788. [PMID: 24914948 PMCID: PMC4051699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The architectural transcription factor HMGA2 is abundantly expressed during embryonic development. In several malignant neoplasias including prostate cancer, high re-expression of HMGA2 is correlated with malignancy and poor prognosis. The let-7 miRNA family is described to regulate HMGA2 negatively. The balance of let-7 and HMGA2 is discussed to play a major role in tumour aetiology. To further analyse the role of HMGA2 in prostate cancer a stable and highly reproducible in vitro model system is precondition. Herein we established a canine CT1258-EGFP-HMGA2 prostate cancer cell line stably overexpressing HMGA2 linked to EGFP and in addition the reference cell line CT1258-EGFP expressing solely EGFP to exclude EGFP-induced effects. Both recombinant cell lines were characterised by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. The proliferative effect of ectopically overexpressed HMGA2 was determined via BrdU assays. Comparative karyotyping of the derived and the initial CT1258 cell lines was performed to analyse chromosome consistency. The impact of the ectopic HMGA2 expression on its regulator let-7a was analysed by quantitative real-time PCR. Fluorescence microscopy and immunocytochemistry detected successful expression of the EGFP-HMGA2 fusion protein exclusively accumulating in the nucleus. Gene expression analyses confirmed HMGA2 overexpression in CT1258-EGFP-HMGA2 in comparison to CT1258-EGFP and native cells. Significantly higher let-7a expression levels were found in CT1258-EGFP-HMGA2 and CT1258-EGFP. The BrdU assays detected an increased proliferation of CT1258-HMGA2-EGFP cells compared to CT1258-EGFP and native CT1258. The cytogenetic analyses of CT1258-EGFP and CT1258-EGFP-HMGA2 resulted in a comparable hyperdiploid karyotype as described for native CT1258 cells. To further investigate the impact of recombinant overexpressed HMGA2 on CT1258 cells, other selected targets described to underlie HMGA2 regulation were screened in addition. The new fluorescent CT1258-EGFP-HMGA2 cell line is a stable tool enabling in vitro and in vivo analyses of the HMGA2-mediated effects on cells and the development and pathogenesis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Willenbrock
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Siegfried Wagner
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicola Reimann-Berg
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mohammed Moulay
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Medicine, Haematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Mato E, González C, Moral A, Pérez JI, Bell O, Lerma E, de Leiva A. ABCG2/BCRP gene expression is related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition inducer genes in a papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line (TPC-1). J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 52:289-300. [PMID: 24643400 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumor malignancy is associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and resistance to chemotherapy. However, little is known about the relationship between the EMT and the multidrug-resistance gene in thyroid tumor progression. We investigated whether the expression of the ABCG2/BCRP gene is associated with ZEB1 and other EMT inducer genes involved in tumor dedifferentiation. We established a subpopulation of cells that express the ABCG2/BCRP gene derived from the thyroid papillary carcinoma cell line (TPC-1), the so-called TPC-1 MITO-resistant subline. The most relevant findings in these TPC-1 selected cells were a statistically significant upregulation of ZEB1 and TWIST1 (35- and 15-fold change respectively), no changes in the relative expression of vimentin and SNAIL1, and no expression of E-cadherin. The TPC-1 MITO-resistant subline displayed a faster migration and greater invasive ability than parental cells in correlation with a significant upregulation of the survivin (BIRC5) gene (twofold change, P<0.05). The knockdown of ZEB1 promoted nuclear re-expression of E-cadherin, reduced expression of vimentin, N-cadherin, and BIRC5 genes, and reduced cell migration (P<0.05). Analysis of human thyroid carcinoma showed a slight overexpression of the ABCG2/BCRP at stages I and II (P<0.01), and a higher overexpression at stages III and IV (P<0.01). SNAIL1, TWIST1, and ZEB1 genes showed higher expression at stages III and IV than at stages I and II. E- and N-cadherin genes were upregulated at stages I and II of the disease (ninefold and tenfold change, respectively, P<0.01) but downregulated at stages III and IV (fourfold lower, P<0.01). These results could be a promising starting point for further study of the role of the ABCG2/BCRP gene in the progression of thyroid tumor.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/biosynthesis
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Cadherins/biosynthesis
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Carcinoma, Papillary
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Homeodomain Proteins/biosynthesis
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/biosynthesis
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Staging
- Nuclear Proteins/biosynthesis
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Snail Family Transcription Factors
- Survivin
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary
- Thyroid Gland/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Twist-Related Protein 1/biosynthesis
- Up-Regulation
- Vimentin/biosynthesis
- Young Adult
- Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1
- Zinc Fingers/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mato
- Thyroid Neoplasia Study Group, EDUAB-HSP, Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Departament de Biologia Cel-lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain Departments of Endocrinology and Nutrition General Surgery Pathology IIB, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Metastasis is the cause of over 90% of all human cancer deaths. Early steps in the metastatic process include: the formation of new blood vessels, the initiation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the mobilization of tumor cells into the circulation. There are ongoing efforts to replicate the physiological landscape of human tumor tissue using three-dimensional in vitro culture models; however, few systems are able to capture the full range of authentic, complex in vivo events such as neovascularization and intravasation. Here we introduce the Prevascularized Tumor (PVT) model to investigate early events of solid tumor progression. PVT spheroids are composed of endothelial and tumor cells, and are embedded in a fibrin matrix containing fibroblasts. The PVT model facilitates two mechanisms of vessel formation: robust sprouting angiogenesis into the matrix, and contiguous vascularization within the spheroid. Furthermore, the PVT model enables the intravasation of tumor cells that is enhanced under low oxygen conditions and is also dependent on the key EMT transcription factor Slug. The PVT model provides a significant advance in the mimicry of human tumors in vitro, and may improve investigation and targeting of events in the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema M Ehsan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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118
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Tao T, Li G, Dong Q, Liu D, Liu C, Han D, Huang Y, Chen S, Xu B, Chen M. Loss of SNAIL inhibits cellular growth and metabolism through the miR-128-mediated RPS6KB1/HIF-1α/PKM2 signaling pathway in prostate cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8543-50. [PMID: 24859886 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
SNAIL is a promising target for the treatment of cancer because it is known to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Recent studies suggest that SNAIL also takes part in metabolic reprogramming and chemotherapy resistance in some cancers. In prostate cancer (PCa), SNAIL has been proved to be required for hypoxia-induced invasion and as a potential marker for predicting the recurrence. However, the role of SNAIL in PCa aberrant metabolism is poorly understood. In this study, we identified that SNAIL regulated cellular growth and energy metabolism through the miR-128-mediated ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (RPS6KB1)/HIF-1α/PKM2 signaling pathway which played a key role in the reprogramming of cancer metabolism. Using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), we found that SNAIL expression was elevated in castration-resistant prostate cancer tissues compared with androgen-dependent prostate cancer tissues and nontumorous tissues. Depletion of SNAIL increased miR-128 expression levels, inhibited cell growth, reduced glucose consumption and lactate production, and repressed the expression of RPS6KB1, HIF-1α, and PKM2 in PCa cells. Luciferase reporter assays showed the SNAIL regulated miR-128 expression at the transcriptional level and miR-128 modulated RPS6KB1 expression at the translational level. Furthermore, down-expression of miR-128 partially restored the effect of si-SNAIL on the suppression of cellular growth, metabolism, and RPS6KB1/HIF-1α/PKM2 signaling pathway. To our knowledge, it is the first time to demonstrate that SNAIL/miR-128/RPS6KB1 pathway plays a critical role in the progression of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tao
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Ding jia Bridge Hunan Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
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Su P, Hu J, Zhang H, Li W, Jia M, Zhang X, Wu X, Cheng H, Xiang L, Zhou G. IMP3 expression is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:3008-3017. [PMID: 25031719 PMCID: PMC4097240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
IMP3 plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis, to which epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) also contributes. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether IMP3 can regulate invasion and metastasis through EMT in breast cancers. The protein expression levels of IMP3 and EMT markers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 180 paraffin-embedded human breast tissue samples. There was an inverse correlation of IMP3 with E-cadherin protein expression (P = 0.042). IMP3 expression directly correlated with both Slug (P = 0.004) and vimentin (P < 0.001). Changes in E-cadherin, vimentin, and Slug mRNA and protein levels were examined by quantitative real-time reverse polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. Overexpression of IMP3 reduced the expression of E-cadherin and upregulated Slug and vimentin in transfected cells. In contrast, knocking down IMP3 had the opposite expression of the three proteins. Ribo-immunoprecipitation qPCR revealed that IMP3 binds Slug mRNA directly. In a transwell assay, overexpression of Slug rescued the cell migration and invasion caused by silencing IMP3 in MDA-MB-231 cells. On the other hand, knockdown of Slug in T47D-IMP3 cells could also have the opposite change. Our results strengthen the association of IMP3 with the regulation of EMT. Slug is a functional target of IMP3. IMP3 could therefore promote invasion and migration through the EMT in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Su
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Ming Jia
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Wu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Gengyin Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, P. R. China
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Sun S, Ning X, Zhai Y, Du R, Lu Y, He L, Li R, Wu W, Sun W, Wang H. Egr-1 mediates chronic hypoxia-induced renal interstitial fibrosis via the PKC/ERK pathway. Am J Nephrol 2014; 39:436-48. [PMID: 24819335 DOI: 10.1159/000362249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hypoxia-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial process in renal fibrogenesis. Egr-1, as a transcription factor, has been proven to be important in promoting EMT. However, whether it functions in hypoxia-induced renal tubular EMT has not been fully elucidated. METHODS Egr-1 were detected at mRNA and protein levels by qPCR and Western blot analysis respectively after renal epithelial cells were subjected to hypoxia treatment. Meanwhile, EMT phenotype was also observed through identification of relevant EMT-specific markers. siRNA was used to knock down Egr-1 expression and subsequent changes were observed. Specific PKC and MAPK/ERK inhibitors were employed to determine the molecular signaling pathway involved in Egr-1-mediated EMT phenotype. In vivo assays using rat remnant kidney model were used to validate the in vitro results. Furthermore, Egr-1 expression was examined in the samples of CKD patients with the clinical relevance revealed. RESULTS Hypoxia treatment enhanced the mRNA and protein levels of Egr-1 in HK-2 cells, which was accompanied by a reduced expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and an enhanced expression of the mesenchymal marker Fsp-1. Downregulation of Egr-1 with siRNA reversed hypoxia-induced EMT. Using the specific inhibitors to protein kinase C (calphostin C) or MAPK/ERK (PD98059), we identified that hypoxia induced Egr-1 expression through the PKC/ERK pathway. In addition, the upregulation of Egr-1 raised endogenous Snail levels, and the downregulation of Snail inhibited Egr-1-mediated EMT in HK-2 cells. Through in vivo assays using rat remnant kidney and CKD patients' kidney tissues, we found that Egr-1 and Snail were overexpressed in tubular epithelial cells with EMT. CONCLUSION Egr-1 may be an important regulator of the development of renal tubular EMT induced by hypoxia through the PKC/ERK pathway and the activation of Snail. Targeting Egr-1 expression or activity might be a novel therapeutic strategy to control renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiren Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Huang XY, Zhang C, Cai JB, Shi GM, Ke AW, Dong ZR, Zhang PF, Fan J, Peng BG, Zhou J. Comprehensive multiple molecular profile of epithelial mesenchymal transition in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96860. [PMID: 24816558 PMCID: PMC4016113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to investigate the expression profile of multiple epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related molecules in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and the related prognostic significance. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expression of E-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, slug and β-catenin in a tissue microarray consisting of tumor tissues of 140 ICC patients undergoing curative resection. The correlation between the expression of these molecules and the clinicopathological characteristics of ICC patients was analyzed, and their prognostic implication was evaluated. Results Reduced E-cadherin and increased Vimentin expression, the characteristic changes of EMT, identified in 55.0% and 55.7% of primary ICCs, respectively, were correlated with lymphatic metastasis and poorer overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of ICCs. The overexpression of snail and nonmembranous β-catenin, which are the major regulators of the EMT, were identified in 49.2% and 45.7% of primary ICCs, while little slug expression was detected in ICCs. Cytoplasmic/nuclear β-catenin did not significantly predict worse DFS and was not related with E-cadherin loss. The overexpression of snail predicted worse OS and DFS. Snail overexpression correlated with the down-regulation of E-cadherin and the up-regulation of Vimentin. Inhibition of snail in an ICC cell line decreased the expression of E-cadherin, enhanced the expression of Vimentin and impaired the invasion and migration ability of ICC cells. Conclusions These data support the hypothesis that EMT plays vital roles in ICC progression and suggest that snail but not slug and β-catenin plays a crucial role in the EMT induction of ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yong Huang
- The Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jia-Bin Cai
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Guo-Ming Shi
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ai-Wu Ke
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhao-Ru Dong
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jia Fan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Bao-Gang Peng
- The Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail: (B-GP); (JZ)
| | - Jian Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China
- Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, PR China
- * E-mail: (B-GP); (JZ)
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Li A, Morton JP, Ma Y, Karim SA, Zhou Y, Faller WJ, Woodham EF, Morris HT, Stevenson RP, Juin A, Jamieson NB, MacKay CJ, Carter CR, Leung HY, Yamashiro S, Blyth K, Sansom OJ, Machesky LM. Fascin is regulated by slug, promotes progression of pancreatic cancer in mice, and is associated with patient outcomes. Gastroenterology 2014; 146:1386-96.e1-17. [PMID: 24462734 PMCID: PMC4000441 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is often lethal because it is highly invasive and metastasizes rapidly. The actin-bundling protein fascin has been identified as a biomarker of invasive and advanced PDAC and regulates cell migration and invasion in vitro. We investigated fascin expression and its role in PDAC progression in mice. METHODS We used KRas(G12D) p53(R172H) Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice to investigate the effects of fascin deficiency on development of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIn), PDAC, and metastasis. We measured levels of fascin in PDAC cell lines and 122 human resected PDAC samples, along with normal ductal and acinar tissues; we associated levels with patient outcomes. RESULTS Pancreatic ducts and acini from control mice and early-stage PanINs from KPC mice were negative for fascin, but approximately 6% of PanIN3 and 100% of PDAC expressed fascin. Fascin-deficient KRas(G12D) p53(R172H) Pdx1-Cre mice had longer survival times, delayed onset of PDAC, and a lower PDAC tumor burdens than KPC mice; loss of fascin did not affect invasion of PDAC into bowel or peritoneum in mice. Levels of slug and fascin correlated in PDAC cells; slug was found to regulate transcription of Fascin along with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In PDAC cell lines and cells from mice, fascin concentrated in filopodia and was required for their assembly and turnover. Fascin promoted intercalation of filopodia into mesothelial cell layers and cell invasion. Nearly all human PDAC samples expressed fascin, and higher fascin histoscores correlated with poor outcomes, vascular invasion, and time to recurrence. CONCLUSIONS The actin-bundling protein fascin is regulated by slug and involved in late-stage PanIN and PDAC formation in mice. Fascin appears to promote formation of filopodia and invasive activities of PDAC cells. Its levels in human PDAC correlate with outcomes and time to recurrence, indicating it might be a marker or therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - YaFeng Ma
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Saadia A Karim
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yan Zhou
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - William J Faller
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emma F Woodham
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hayley T Morris
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard P Stevenson
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Amelie Juin
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nigel B Jamieson
- Department of Surgery, West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin J MacKay
- Department of Surgery, West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Ross Carter
- Department of Surgery, West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hing Y Leung
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Shigeko Yamashiro
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Karen Blyth
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laura M Machesky
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Davidowitz RA, Selfors LM, Iwanicki MP, Elias KM, Karst A, Piao H, Ince TA, Drage MG, Dering J, Konecny GE, Matulonis U, Mills GB, Slamon DJ, Drapkin R, Brugge JS. Mesenchymal gene program-expressing ovarian cancer spheroids exhibit enhanced mesothelial clearance. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2611-25. [PMID: 24762435 DOI: 10.1172/jci69815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination of ovarian tumors involves the invasion of tumor cell clusters into the mesothelial cell lining of peritoneal cavity organs; however, the tumor-specific factors that allow ovarian cancer cells to spread are unclear. We used an in vitro assay that models the initial step of ovarian cancer metastasis, clearance of the mesothelial cell layer, to examine the clearance ability of a large panel of both established and primary ovarian tumor cells. Comparison of the gene and protein expression profiles of clearance-competent and clearance-incompetent cells revealed that mesenchymal genes are enriched in tumor populations that display strong clearance activity, while epithelial genes are enriched in those with weak or undetectable activity. Overexpression of transcription factors SNAI1, TWIST1, and ZEB1, which regulate the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), promoted mesothelial clearance in cell lines with weak activity, while knockdown of the EMT-regulatory transcription factors TWIST1 and ZEB1 attenuated mesothelial clearance in ovarian cancer cell lines with strong activity. These findings provide important insights into the mechanisms associated with metastatic progression of ovarian cancer and suggest that inhibiting pathways that drive mesenchymal programs may suppress tumor cell invasion of peritoneal tissues.
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Myung JK, Choi SA, Kim SK, Wang KC, Park SH. Snail plays an oncogenic role in glioblastoma by promoting epithelial mesenchymal transition. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:1977-1987. [PMID: 24966907 PMCID: PMC4069885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The factors affecting glioblastoma progression are of great clinical importance since dismal outcomes have been observed for glioblastoma patients. The Snail gene is known to coordinate the regulation of tumor progression in diverse tumors through induction of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT); however, its role in glioblastoma is still uncertain. Therefore, we aimed to further define its role in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS The small interfering RNA (siRNA) technique was employed to knock down Snail expression in three glioblastoma cell lines (KNS42, U87, and U373). Specific inhibition of Snail expression increased E-cadherin expression but decreased vimentin expression in all cell lines. In addition, inhibition of the expression of Snail significantly reduced the proliferation, viability, invasion, and migration of glioblastoma cells as well as increased the number of cells in the G1 phase. CONCLUSIONS Knockdown of Snail suppresses the proliferation, viability, migration, and invasion of cells as well as inhibits cell cycle progression by promoting EMT induction. The findings suggest that expression of this gene facilitates glioblastoma progression. Therefore, these results indicate the clinical significance of Snail for use as a potential therapeutic target for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyung Myung
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University HospitalSeoul, Korea
| | - Seung Ah Choi
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children’s HospitalSeoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children’s HospitalSeoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Chang Wang
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children’s HospitalSeoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University HospitalSeoul, Korea
- Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea
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125
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Silla ZTV, Naidoo J, Kidson SH, Sommer P. Signals from the lens and Foxc1 regulate the expression of key genes during the onset of corneal endothelial development. Exp Cell Res 2014; 322:381-8. [PMID: 24472616 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Correct formation of the corneal endothelium is essential for continued development of the anterior segment of the eye. Corneal endothelial development is initiated at E12 when precursor peri-ocular mesenchyme cells migrate into the space between the lens and the presumptive corneal epithelium and begin to respond to signals from the lens, undergoing a mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) that is complete by E15.5. To study the initiation of MET, peri-ocular mesenchyme cell lines were derived from E12.5 and E13.5 murine embryos. These cells expressed key transcription factors, Foxc1 and Pitx2, as well as Slug and Tsc22, genes involved in MET. We have shown that all these genes must be down-regulated by E13.5 for differentiation to proceed. Lens-derived signals play a role in this down-regulation with Tgfβ2 specifically down-regulating Foxc1 and Pitx2. Over-expression and knock-down of Foxc1 significantly and similarly affected the expression of Pitx2, Tsc22 and Slug while Foxc1 was shown to play a role in mediating the lens effects on Slug. Thus, for the progression of initial corneal endothelial development, the key transcription factors, Foxc1 and Pitx2, as well as genes involved in MET, Slug and Tsc-22, must be down-regulated, a process driven by the lens and Foxc1.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Chickens
- Embryo, Mammalian/cytology
- Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism
- Endothelium, Corneal/cytology
- Endothelium, Corneal/metabolism
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Lens, Crystalline/cytology
- Lens, Crystalline/metabolism
- Mesoderm/cytology
- Mesoderm/metabolism
- Mice
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Snail Family Transcription Factors
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta2/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta2/metabolism
- Homeobox Protein PITX2
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenzele T V Silla
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Jerolen Naidoo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Susan H Kidson
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town Medical School, Anzio Road, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Paula Sommer
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa.
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Little GH, Baniwal SK, Adisetiyo H, Groshen S, Chimge NO, Kim SY, Khalid O, Hawes D, Jones JO, Pinski J, Schones DE, Frenkel B. Differential effects of RUNX2 on the androgen receptor in prostate cancer: synergistic stimulation of a gene set exemplified by SNAI2 and subsequent invasiveness. Cancer Res 2014; 74:2857-68. [PMID: 24648349 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Changes to androgen signaling during prostate carcinogenesis are associated with both inhibition of cellular differentiation and promotion of malignant phenotypes. The androgen receptor (AR)-binding transcription factor RUNX2 has been linked to prostate cancer progression but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully defined. In this study, we investigated the genome-wide influence of RUNX2 on androgen-induced gene expression and AR DNA binding in prostate cancer cells. RUNX2 inhibited the androgen response partly by promoting the dissociation of AR from its target genes such as the tumor suppressor NKX3-1. However, AR activity persists in the presence of RUNX2 at other AR target genes, some of which are cooperatively stimulated by androgen and RUNX2 signaling. These genes are associated with putative enhancers co-occupied by AR and RUNX2. One such gene, the invasion-promoting Snail family transcription factor SNAI2, was co-activated by AR and RUNX2. Indeed, these two transcription factors together, but neither alone stimulated prostate cancer cell invasiveness, which could be abolished by SNAI2 silencing. Furthermore, an immunohistochemical analysis of SNAI2 in archived primary prostate cancer specimens revealed a correlation with the RUNX2 histoscore, and simultaneous strong staining for SNAI2, RUNX2, and AR (but not any pair alone) was associated with disease recurrence. Overall, our findings suggest cooperation between AR and RUNX in the stimulation of oncogenes such as SNAI2, which might be targeted for individualized prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian H Little
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Orthopedic Surgery, Preventive Medicine, and Medicine; Institute for Genetic Medicine; USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CaliforniaAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Orthopedic Surgery, Preventive Medicine, and Medicine; Institute for Genetic Medicine; USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Sanjeev K Baniwal
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Orthopedic Surgery, Preventive Medicine, and Medicine; Institute for Genetic Medicine; USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CaliforniaAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Orthopedic Surgery, Preventive Medicine, and Medicine; Institute for Genetic Medicine; USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Helty Adisetiyo
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Orthopedic Surgery, Preventive Medicine, and Medicine; Institute for Genetic Medicine; USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CaliforniaAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Orthopedic Surgery, Preventive Medicine, and Medicine; Institute for Genetic Medicine; USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Susan Groshen
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Orthopedic Surgery, Preventive Medicine, and Medicine; Institute for Genetic Medicine; USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CaliforniaAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Orthopedic Surgery, Preventive Medicine, and Medicine; Institute for Genetic Medicine; USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Nyam-Osor Chimge
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Orthopedic Surgery, Preventive Medicine, and Medicine; Institute for Genetic Medicine; USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CaliforniaAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Orthopedic Surgery, Preventive Medicine, and Medicine; Institute for Genetic Medicine; USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Orthopedic Surgery, Preventive Medicine, and Medicine; Institute for Genetic Medicine; USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Omar Khalid
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Orthopedic Surgery, Preventive Medicine, and Medicine; Institute for Genetic Medicine; USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Debra Hawes
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Orthopedic Surgery, Preventive Medicine, and Medicine; Institute for Genetic Medicine; USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Jeremy O Jones
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Orthopedic Surgery, Preventive Medicine, and Medicine; Institute for Genetic Medicine; USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Jacek Pinski
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Orthopedic Surgery, Preventive Medicine, and Medicine; Institute for Genetic Medicine; USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CaliforniaAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Orthopedic Surgery, Preventive Medicine, and Medicine; Institute for Genetic Medicine; USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Dustin E Schones
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Orthopedic Surgery, Preventive Medicine, and Medicine; Institute for Genetic Medicine; USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Baruch Frenkel
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Orthopedic Surgery, Preventive Medicine, and Medicine; Institute for Genetic Medicine; USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CaliforniaAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Orthopedic Surgery, Preventive Medicine, and Medicine; Institute for Genetic Medicine; USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CaliforniaAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Orthopedic Surgery, Preventive Medicine, and Medicine; Institute for Genetic Medicine; USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
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Bishi DK, Mathapati S, Cherian KM, Guhathakurta S, Verma RS. In vitro hepatic trans-differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells using sera from congestive/ischemic liver during cardiac failure. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92397. [PMID: 24642599 PMCID: PMC3958528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapy for end-stage liver failures using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-derived hepatocytes is a potential alternative to liver transplantation. Hepatic trans-differentiation of hMSCs is routinely accomplished by induction with commercially available recombinant growth factors, which is of limited clinical applications. In the present study, we have evaluated the potential of sera from cardiac-failure-associated congestive/ischemic liver patients for hepatic trans-differentiation of hMSCs. Results from such experiments were confirmed through morphological changes and expression of hepatocyte-specific markers at molecular and cellular level. Furthermore, the process of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition during hepatic trans-differentiation of hMSCs was confirmed by elevated expression of E-Cadherin and down-regulation of Snail. The functionality of hMSCs-derived hepatocytes was validated by various liver function tests such as albumin synthesis, urea release, glycogen accumulation and presence of a drug inducible cytochrome P450 system. Based on these findings, we conclude that sera from congestive/ischemic liver during cardiac failure support a liver specific microenvironment for effective hepatic trans-differentiation of hMSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillip Kumar Bishi
- Stem Cells and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, International Centre for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Diseases, Frontier Lifeline, Chennai, India
| | - Santosh Mathapati
- Stem Cells and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, International Centre for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Diseases, Frontier Lifeline, Chennai, India
| | - Kotturathu Mammen Cherian
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, International Centre for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Diseases, Frontier Lifeline, Chennai, India
| | - Soma Guhathakurta
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
- * E-mail: (SG); (RSV)
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem Cells and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
- * E-mail: (SG); (RSV)
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128
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Rokavec M, Öner MG, Li H, Jackstadt R, Jiang L, Lodygin D, Kaller M, Horst D, Ziegler PK, Schwitalla S, Slotta-Huspenina J, Bader FG, Greten FR, Hermeking H. IL-6R/STAT3/miR-34a feedback loop promotes EMT-mediated colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1853-67. [PMID: 24642471 DOI: 10.1172/jci73531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 563] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the miR-34 family are induced by the tumor suppressor p53 and are known to inhibit epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and therefore presumably suppress the early phases of metastasis. Here, we determined that exposure of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to the cytokine IL-6 activates the oncogenic STAT3 transcription factor, which directly represses the MIR34A gene via a conserved STAT3-binding site in the first intron. Repression of MIR34A was required for IL-6-induced EMT and invasion. Furthermore, we identified the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), which mediates IL-6-dependent STAT3 activation, as a conserved, direct miR-34a target. The resulting IL-6R/STAT3/miR-34a feedback loop was present in primary colorectal tumors as well as CRC, breast, and prostate cancer cell lines and associated with a mesenchymal phenotype. An active IL-6R/STAT3/miR-34a loop was necessary for EMT, invasion, and metastasis of CRC cell lines and was associated with nodal and distant metastasis in CRC patient samples. p53 activation in CRC cells interfered with IL-6-induced invasion and migration via miR-34a-dependent downregulation of IL6R expression. In Mir34a-deficient mice, colitis-associated intestinal tumors displayed upregulation of p-STAT3, IL-6R, and SNAIL and progressed to invasive carcinomas, which was not observed in WT animals. Collectively, our data indicate that p53-dependent expression of miR-34a suppresses tumor progression by inhibiting a IL-6R/STAT3/miR-34a feedback loop.
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Gras B, Jacqueroud L, Wierinckx A, Lamblot C, Fauvet F, Lachuer J, Puisieux A, Ansieau S. Snail family members unequally trigger EMT and thereby differ in their ability to promote the neoplastic transformation of mammary epithelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92254. [PMID: 24638100 PMCID: PMC3956896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
By fostering cell commitment to the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), SNAIL proteins endow cells with motility, thereby favoring the metastatic spread of tumor cells. Whether the phenotypic change additionally facilitates tumor initiation has never been addressed. Here we demonstrate that when a SNAIL protein is ectopically produced in non-transformed mammary epithelial cells, the cells are protected from anoikis and proliferate under low-adherence conditions: a hallmark of cancer cells. The three SNAIL proteins show unequal oncogenic potential, strictly correlating with their ability to promote EMT. SNAIL3 especially behaves as a poor EMT-inducer comforting the concept that the transcription factor functionally diverges from its two related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Gras
- Inserm UMR-S1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Lyon, France
- UNIV UMR1052, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Jacqueroud
- Inserm UMR-S1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Lyon, France
- UNIV UMR1052, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Wierinckx
- Inserm UMR-S1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Lyon, France
- UNIV UMR1052, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- ProfileXpert, Bron, France
| | - Christelle Lamblot
- Inserm UMR-S1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Lyon, France
- UNIV UMR1052, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Frédérique Fauvet
- Inserm UMR-S1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Lyon, France
- UNIV UMR1052, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Joël Lachuer
- Inserm UMR-S1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Lyon, France
- UNIV UMR1052, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- ProfileXpert, Bron, France
| | - Alain Puisieux
- Inserm UMR-S1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Lyon, France
- UNIV UMR1052, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (AP); (SA)
| | - Stéphane Ansieau
- Inserm UMR-S1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Lyon, France
- UNIV UMR1052, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- * E-mail: (AP); (SA)
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Lai WY, Wang WY, Chang YC, Chang CJ, Yang PC, Peck K. Synergistic inhibition of lung cancer cell invasion, tumor growth and angiogenesis using aptamer-siRNA chimeras. Biomaterials 2014; 35:2905-14. [PMID: 24397988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early metastasis is one of the major causes of mortality among patient with lung cancer. The process of tumor metastasis involves a cascade of events, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor cell migration and invasion, and angiogenesis. To specifically suppress tumor invasion and angiogenesis, two nucleolin aptamer-siRNA chimeras (aptNCL-SLUGsiR and aptNCL-NRP1siR) were used to block key signaling pathways involved in lung cancer metastasis that are pivotal to metastatic tumor cells but not to normal cells under ordinary physiologic conditions. Through nucleolin-mediated endocytosis, the aptNCL-siRNA chimeras specifically and significantly knocked down the expressions of SLUG and NRP1 in nucleolin-expressing cancer cells. Furthermore, simultaneous suppression of SLUG and NRP1 expressions by the chimeras synergistically retarded cancer cell motility and invasive ability. The synergistic effect was also observed in a xenograft mouse model, wherein the combined treatment using two chimeras suppressed tumor growth, the invasiveness, circulating tumor cell amount, and angiogenesis in tumor tissue without affecting liver and kidney functions. This study demonstrates that combined treatment of aptNCL-SLUGsiR and aptNCL-NRP1siR can synergistically suppress lung cancer cell invasion, tumor growth and angiogenesis by cancer-specific targeting combined with gene-specific silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yun Lai
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ya Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ju Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Konan Peck
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Hwang WL, Jiang JK, Yang SH, Huang TS, Lan HY, Teng HW, Yang CY, Tsai YP, Lin CH, Wang HW, Yang MH. MicroRNA-146a directs the symmetric division of Snail-dominant colorectal cancer stem cells. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:268-80. [PMID: 24561623 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetrical cell division (ACD) maintains the proper number of stem cells to ensure self-renewal. In cancer cells, the deregulation of ACD disrupts the homeostasis of the stem cell pool and promotes tumour growth. However, this mechanism is unclear. Here, we show a reduction of ACD in spheroid-derived colorectal cancer stem cells (CRCSCs) compared with differentiated cancer cells. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer Snail is responsible for the ACD-to-symmetrical cell division (SCD) switch in CRCSCs. Mechanistically, Snail induces the expression of microRNA-146a (miR-146a) through the β-catenin-TCF4 complex. miR-146a targets Numb to stabilize β-catenin, which forms a feedback circuit to maintain Wnt activity and directs SCD. Interference with the Snail-miR-146a–β-catenin loop by inhibiting the MEK or Wnt activity reduces the symmetrical division of CRCSCs and attenuates tumorigenicity. In colorectal cancer patients, the Snail(High)Numb(Low) profile is correlated with cetuximab resistance and a poorer prognosis. This study elucidates a unique mechanism of EMT-induced CRCSC expansion.
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Cui Y, Li S. [Hypoxia, epithelia-mesenchymal transition and cancer]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2014; 43:203-206. [PMID: 24842025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Zheng J, Zhu X, Zhang J. CXCL5 knockdown expression inhibits human bladder cancer T24 cells proliferation and migration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:18-24. [PMID: 24583128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CXCL5 (epithelial neutrophil activating peptide-78) which acts as a potent chemoattractant and activator of neutrophil function was reported to play a multifaceted role in tumorigenesis. To investigate the role of CXCL5 in bladder cancer progression, we examined the CXCL5 expression in bladder cancer tissues by real-time PCR and Western blot, additionally, we used shRNA-mediated silencing to generate stable CXCL5 silenced bladder cancer T24 cells and defined its biological functions. Our results demonstrated that mRNA and protein of CXCL5 is increased in human bladder tumor tissues and cell lines, down-regulation of CXCL5 in T24 cells resulted in significantly decreased cell proliferation, migration and increased cell apoptosis in vitro through Snail, PI3K-AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. These data suggest that CXCL5 is critical for bladder tumor growth and progression, it may represent a potential application in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Li C, Siragy HM. High glucose induces podocyte injury via enhanced (pro)renin receptor-Wnt-β-catenin-snail signaling pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89233. [PMID: 24533170 PMCID: PMC3923071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(Pro)renin receptor (PRR) expression is upregulated in diabetes. We hypothesized that PRR contributes to podocyte injury via activation of Wnt-β-catenin-snail signaling pathway. Mouse podocytes were cultured in normal (5 mM) or high (25 mM) D-glucose for 3 days. Compared to normal glucose, high glucose significantly decreased mRNA and protein expressions of podocin and nephrin, and increased mRNA and protein expressions of PRR, Wnt3a, β-catenin, and snail, respectively. Confocal microscopy studies showed significant reduction in expression and reorganization of podocyte cytoskeleton protein, F-actin, in response to high glucose. Transwell functional permeability studies demonstrated significant increase in albumin flux through podocytes monolayer with high glucose. Cells treated with high glucose and PRR siRNA demonstrated significantly attenuated mRNA and protein expressions of PRR, Wnt3a, β-catenin, and snail; enhanced expressions of podocin mRNA and protein, improved expression and reorganization of F-actin, and reduced transwell albumin flux. We conclude that high glucose induces podocyte injury via PRR-Wnt-β-catenin-snail signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Helmy M. Siragy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
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Ongkeko WM, Burton D, Kiang A, Abhold E, Kuo SZ, Rahimy E, Yang M, Hoffman RM, Wang-Rodriguez J, Deftos LJ. Parathyroid hormone related-protein promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85803. [PMID: 24465715 PMCID: PMC3899059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) possesses a variety of physiological and developmental functions and is also known to facilitate the progression of many common cancers, notably their skeletal invasion, primarily by increasing bone resorption. The purpose of this study was to determine whether PTHrP could promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process implicated in cancer stem cells that is critically involved in cancer invasion and metastasis. EMT was observed in DU 145 prostate cancer cells stably overexpressing either the 1-141 or 1-173 isoform of PTHrP, where there was upregulation of Snail and vimentin and downregulation of E-cadherin relative to parental DU 145. By contrast, the opposite effect was observed in PC-3 prostate cancer cells where high levels of PTHrP were knocked-down via lentiviral siRNA transduction. Increased tumor progression was observed in PTHrP-overexpressing DU 145 cells while decreased progression was observed in PTHrP-knockdown PC-3 cells. PTHrP-overexpressing DU 145 formed larger tumors when implanted orthoptopically into nude mice and in one case resulted in spinal metastasis, an effect not observed among mice injected with parental DU 145 cells. PTHrP-overexpressing DU 145 cells also caused significant bone destruction when injected into the tibiae of nude mice, while parental DU 145 cells caused little to no destruction of bone. Together, these results suggest that PTHrP may work through EMT to promote an aggressive and metastatic phenotype in prostate cancer, a pathway of importance in cancer stem cells. Thus, continued efforts to elucidate the pathways involved in PTHrP-induced EMT as well as to develop ways to specifically target PTHrP signaling may lead to more effective therapies for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weg M. Ongkeko
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Doug Burton
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alan Kiang
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Eric Abhold
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Selena Z. Kuo
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Elham Rahimy
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Meng Yang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | | | - Jessica Wang-Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego and the Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Leonard J. Deftos
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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Baribeau S, Chaudhry P, Parent S, Asselin É. Resveratrol inhibits cisplatin-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in ovarian cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86987. [PMID: 24466305 PMCID: PMC3899376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer experience recurrence and metastasis, two aspects that will often cause their demise. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key process involved in cancer progression. With increasing evidence linking Cisplatin and EMT, we wanted to identify a compound able to counter EMT progression when cancer cells are treated with Cisplatin. Methodology/Principal Findings Cell death was evaluated by cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining in A2780 and A2780CP cells. Ovarian cancer cell lines were treated with Cisplatin (24 h, 10 µM) and different concentrations of Resveratrol to evaluate its effect on Cisplatin-induced EMT using Western Blot and RT-PCR analysis. Morphological studies and wound healing assay to evaluate cell motility were performed using 72 h Cisplatin treatment with A2780 and A2780CP cells. Densitometry was done on Western Blot and PCR results, and statistical significance was determined using One-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc test. Our results show that Cisplatin induced EMT-associated morphological changes in the A2780 ovarian cancer cell line and to a lesser extent in its Cisplatin-resistant counterpart A2780CP. Resveratrol caused cell death in A2780 and A2780CP cell lines in an apoptotic-independent manner. Resveratrol inhibited Cisplatin-induced Snail expression by reducing the Erk pathway activation, reverted morphological changes induced by Cisplatin and decreased cell migration. Conclusions These results indicate that Resveratrol has interesting potential to prevent Cisplatin-induced EMT in ovarian cancer cells. By increasing cell death, it also represents an inviting approach as adjuvant therapy to be used with chemotherapy. Using Erk pathway inhibitors could also prove helpful in ovarian cancer treatment to reduce the risk of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Baribeau
- Research Group in Molecular Oncology and Endocrinology, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Parvesh Chaudhry
- Research Group in Molecular Oncology and Endocrinology, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Sophie Parent
- Research Group in Molecular Oncology and Endocrinology, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Éric Asselin
- Research Group in Molecular Oncology and Endocrinology, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Basu M, Mukhopadhyay S, Chatterjee U, Roy SS. FGF16 promotes invasive behavior of SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells through activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:1415-28. [PMID: 24253043 PMCID: PMC3894325 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.535427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled cell growth and tissue invasion define the characteristic features of cancer. Several growth factors regulate these processes by inducing specific signaling pathways. We show that FGF16, a novel factor, is expressed in human ovary, and its expression is markedly increased in ovarian tumors. This finding indicated possible involvement of FGF16 in ovarian cancer progression. We observed that FGF16 stimulates the proliferation of human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells, SKOV-3 and OAW-42. Furthermore, through the activation of FGF receptor-mediated intracellular MAPK pathway, FGF16 regulates the expression of MMP2, MMP9, SNAI1, and CDH1 and thus facilitates cellular invasion. Inhibition of FGFR as well as MAPK pathway reduces the proliferative and invasive behavior of ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, ovarian tumors with up-regulated PITX2 expression also showed activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway that prompted us to investigate possible interaction among FGF16, PITX2, and Wnt pathway. We identified that PITX2 homeodomain transcription factor interacts with and regulates FGF16 expression. Furthermore, activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway induces FGF16 expression. Moreover, FGF16 promoter possesses the binding elements of PITX2 as well as T-cell factor (Wnt-responsive), in close proximity, where PITX2 and β-catenin binds to and synergistically activates the same. A detail study showed that both PITX2 and T-cell factor elements and the interaction with their binding partners are necessary for target gene expression. Taken together, our findings indicate that FGF16 in conjunction with Wnt pathway contributes to the cancer phenotype of ovarian cells and suggests that modulation of its expression in ovarian cells might be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of invasive ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moitri Basu
- From the Cell Biology and Physiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India and
| | | | - Uttara Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, 244 AJC Bose Road, Kolkata 700020, India
| | - Sib Sankar Roy
- From the Cell Biology and Physiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India and
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Liu GJ, Pan GJ, Wang J, Wang LN, Xu Y, Tang Y. Knockdown of ERK/Slug signals sensitizes HL-60 Leukemia cells to Cytarabine via upregulation of PUMA. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2014; 18:3802-3809. [PMID: 25555870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the mechanism of early chemosensitivity and later chemoresistance of Cytarabine (Cyt) to HL-60 cells to regulate ERK/Slug signal pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS HL-60 cells were stably transfected with NF-κBp65 siRNA,P53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) siRNA (PUMA siRNA) and Slug siRNA respectively or exposed to 25 nM U0126 for 24h, then the cells were exposed to Cyt (250 nM) respectively. In different time point after Cyt treatment, the activity of NF-κB and the expression of Erk1/2, NF-κBp65, Slug and PUMA protein were detected. The cells survival rate and apoptotic index were detected by MTT and TUNEL methods. RESULTS After the HL-60 cells were exposed to Cyt (250 nM) for 24 h, the activity of NF-κB reached maximum value, and reached minimum value for 48 h. The expressions of NF-κBp65 and PUMA reached maximum value after exporser to Cyt (250 nM) for 24 h, and reached minimum value after 48 h. Erk1/2 phosphorylation and Slug expression began to increase after exporser to Cyt (250 nM) for 24 h, and reached maximum value for 48 h. The cells survival rate was decreased, and arrived to minimum value (29.5 ± 4.6, F = 12.74, p < 0.01). The cells apotosis rate was increased, and arrived to maximum value (14.2 ± 2.8, F = 15.02, p < 0.01). By inhibiting NF-κBp65 or PUMA by siRNA transfection, the cells survival rate was enhanced and the apotosis rate was significantly declined after exporsed to Cyt (250 nM). When NF-κBp65 was inhibited, the expression of PUMA was decreased. By inhibiting Erk1/2 phosphorylation and Slug expression, the cells survival rate began to decrease for 24 h, and reached the fewest at 48 h after exporsed to Cyt (250 nM) (19.8 ± 2.7, F = 11.4, p < 0.01 and 17.4 ± 0.6, F = 15.3, p < 0.01). The cells apotosis rate began to increase from 24 h, and reach a head at 48 h after exporser to Cyt (250 nM) (28.6 ± 4.7, F = 9.84, p < 0.01 and 27.6 ± 6.4, F = 10.31, p < 0.01. After Erk1/2 phosphorylation inhibited, Slug expression was lowered and PUMA expression was significantly increased. The changes are most distinct after the cells were exporser to Cyt (250 nM) for 48 h. By Slug inhibition had no effect on Erk1/2 phosphorylation, but increase the expression of PUMA. CONCLUSIONS The chemosensitiveness of HL-60 cells to Cyt were relation to the up-regulation of PUMA induced by NF-κB. The chemoresistance to Cyt was related to the up-regulation of Slug induced by Erk1/2, which inhibited the expression of PUMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-J Liu
- Department of Cytology Laboratory, People's Hospital of Linyi, Shandong, China.
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Yue B, Ren QX, Su T, Wang LN, Zhang L. ERK5 silencing inhibits invasion of human osteosarcoma cell via modulating the Slug/MMP-9 pathway. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2014; 18:2640-2647. [PMID: 25317798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ERK5 is over expressed in a many of human cancers and this overexpression has been associated with metastasis and invasion. Furthermore, ERK5 silencing inhibits aggressive phenotypes of cancer cells. However, mechanisms by which ERK5 regulates tumour progression or metastasis have not been elucidated. In this study, using human osteosarcoma cell lines U2OS as a model, we explored the involvement of ERK5 silencing on invasiveness of U2OS cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS ERK5 siRNA targeting ERK5 was stably transfected into the human osteosarcoma cell lines U2OS. ERK5 knocked-down U2OS cells was then transfected with Slug cDNA or MMP-9 cDNA plasmid to re-express Slug or MMP-9. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. Cell invasion and metastasis was detected by Matrigel invasion and wound healing assay. An orthotopic nude mouse model of U2OS was applied for in vivo lung metastasis experiments. ERK5, Slug, MMP-9 and E-cadherin were analyzed by real-time PCR, and Western blotting. RESULTS ERK5 silencing by siRNA in U2OS cells decreased Slug and MMP-9 expression. Compared with the vector-transfected cells, ERK5 knocked-down cells showed reduced migration and invasion in vitro, as well as decreased metastatic potential in experimental metastasis. Re-expression of Slug or MMP-9 in ERK5 knocked-down cells restored the invasive phenotypes. We also discovered that Re-expression of Slug in ERK5 knocked-down cells restored the MMP-9 expression, and re-expression of MMP-9 in ERK5 knocked-down cells did not affect Slug and ERK5 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that ERK5 knockdown inhibits aggressive behaviour of human U2OS cells through modulating Slug signaling and MMP-9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yue
- Department of Spine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Chiang KC, Chen SC, Yeh CN, Pang JHS, Shen SC, Hsu JT, Liu YY, Chen LW, Kuo SF, Takano M, Kittaka A, Sun CC, Juang HH, Chen TC. MART-10, a less calcemic vitamin D analog, is more potent than 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in inhibiting the metastatic potential of MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 139:54-60. [PMID: 24125734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
With the recent advance in breast cancer therapy, the survival rate of breast cancer patients has improved greatly. In spite of the progress, 25-50% of breast cancer patients eventually will develop metastasis. Due to limited early detection methods, metastasis is usually diagnosed at the late stages beyond recovery likely due to resistance to currently available breast cancer therapies. Thus, a new strategy to prevent cancer cell growth and repress tumor metastasis is desirable. The active form of vitamin D3, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3], has anti-invasion and anti-migration properties in pre-clinical studies, yet its clinical application has been hampered by its hypercalcemic side effect. Previously, we have demonstrated that a new class of less-calcemic vitamin D analog, 19-nor-2α-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (MART-10), is 1000-fold more active than 1α,25(OH)2D3 in suppressing MCF-7 cells growth through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. In the current study, we show for the first time that MART-10 is more active than 1α,25(OH)2D3 in preventing MCF-7 cell invasion and migration likely mediated through the upregulation of E-cadherin, and the downregulation of Snail, Slug, and Twist, the transcription factors implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as MMP-13. Based on the current in vitro and the highly anti-tumor characteristics of MART-10 in a pancreatic xenograft model, MART-10 is deemed as a promising candidate for breast cancer treatment. Further in vivo animal study comparing MART-10 with 1α,25(OH)2D3 and other potent and less calcemic analogs of vitamin D is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 222, Mai-Chin Road, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
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Gordillo-Bastidas D, Oceguera-Contreras E, Salazar-Montes A, González-Cuevas J, Hernández-Ortega LD, Armendáriz-Borunda J. Nrf2 and Snail-1 in the prevention of experimental liver fibrosis by caffeine. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:9020-9033. [PMID: 24379627 PMCID: PMC3870555 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i47.9020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the molecular mechanisms involved in experimental hepatic fibrosis prevention by caffeine (CFA).
METHODS: Liver fibrosis was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal thioacetamide or bile duct ligation and they were concomitantly treated with CFA (15 mg/kg per day). Fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltrate were evaluated and classified by Knodell index. Inflammatory infiltrate was quantified by immunohistochemistry (anti-CD11b). Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for collagen I (Col-1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Activation of Nrf2 and Snail-1 was analyzed by Western-blot. TNF-α expression was proved by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, CAT activity was performed by zymography.
RESULTS: CFA treatment diminished fibrosis index in treated animals. The Knodell index showed both lower fibrosis and necroinflammation. Expression of profibrogenic genes CTGF, Col-1 and TGF-β1 and proinflammatory genes TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 was substantially diminished with CFA treatment with less CD11b positive areas. Significantly lower values of transcriptional factor Snail-1 were detected in CFA treated rats compared with cirrhotic rats without treatment; in contrast Nrf2 was increased in the presence of CFA. Expression of SOD and CAT was greater in animals treated with CFA showing a strong correlation between mRNA expression and enzyme activity.
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that CFA inhibits the transcriptional factor Snail-1, down-regulating profibrogenic genes, and activates Nrf2 inducing antioxidant enzymes system, preventing inflammation and fibrosis.
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Hasan MR, Sharma R, Saraya A, Chattopadhyay TK, DattaGupta S, Walfish PG, Chauhan SS, Ralhan R. Slug is a predictor of poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82846. [PMID: 24367561 PMCID: PMC3867395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Slug, a regulator of epithelial mesenchymal transition, was identified to be differentially expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) using cDNA microarrays by our laboratory. This study aimed to determine the clinical significance of Slug overexpression in ESCC and determine its correlation with clinicopathological parameters and disease prognosis for ESCC patients. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis of Slug expression was carried out in archived tissue sections from 91 ESCCs, 61 dysplastic and 47 histologically normal esophageal tissues. Slug immunopositivity in epithelial cells was correlated with clinicopathological parameters and disease prognosis over up to 7.5 years for ESCC patients. Results Increased expression of Slug was observed in esophageal dysplasia [cytoplasmic, 24/61 (39.3%) cases, p = 0.001, odd’s ratio (OR) = 4.7; nuclear, 11/61 (18%) cases, p < 0.001, OR = 1.36] in comparison with normal esophageal tissues. The Slug expression was further increased in ESCCs [cytoplasmic, 64/91 (70.3%) p < 0.001, OR = 10.0; nuclear, 27/91 (29.7%) p < 0.001, OR = 1.42]. Kaplan Meier survival analysis showed significant association of nuclear Slug accumulation with reduced disease free survival of ESCC patients (median disease free survival (DFS) = 6 months, as compared to those that did not show overexpression, DFS = 18 months; p = 0.006). In multivariate Cox regression analysis nuclear Slug expression [p= 0.005, Hazard’s ratio (HR) = 2.269, 95% CI = 1.289 - 3.996] emerged as the most significant independent predictor of poor prognosis for ESCC patients. Conclusions Alterations in Slug expression occur in early stages of development of ESCC and are sustained during disease progression. Slug may serve as a diagnostic biomarker and as a predictor of poor disease prognosis to identify ESCC patients that are likely to show recurrence of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Raghibul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rinu Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Saraya
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tushar K. Chattopadhyay
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Siddartha DattaGupta
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Paul G. Walfish
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Division, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shyam S. Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (SSC); (TR)
| | - Ranju Ralhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Division, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (SSC); (TR)
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Wang N, Dong CR, Jiang R, Tang C, Yang L, Jiang QF, Chen GG, Liu ZM. Overexpression of HIF-1α, metallothionein and SLUG is associated with high TNM stage and lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2013; 7:322-330. [PMID: 24427353 PMCID: PMC3885487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is upregulated by hypoxia, and involved in tumor growth and metastasis in many malignant tumors including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Metallothionein (MT) is a group of small molecular weight cysteine-rich proteins with a broad variety of functions. SLUG is a member of SNAIL superfamily of zinc finger transcriptional factors implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The purpose of this study was to examine HIF-1α, MT and SLUG expression in PTC and assess association of their expression with clinicopathological indicators. HIF-1α, MT and SLUG protein expression in 129 PTCs, 61 nodular hyperplasia and 118 normal thyroid tissue specimens were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The protein expression levels of these three molecules were up-regulated in PTCs. High protein expression of HIF-1α, MT and SLUG was significantly correlated with high TNM stage (P=0.003, 0.002, 0.024, respectively) and lymph node metastasis (LNM) (P<0.001 for all three molecules). Furthermore, HIF-1α, MT and SLUG protein expression were correlated with one another. Concomitant high expression of any two of these three molecules had stronger correlation with high TNM stage (P≤0.001 for HIF-1α/MT, MT/SLUG and HIF-1α/SLUG) and LNM (P=0.008, 0.002, 0.019 for HIF-1α/MT, MT/SLUG and HIF-1α/SLUG, respectively) than did each alone, and concomitant high expression of all these three molecules is significantly associated with high TNM stage and LNM as compared with cases not showing such expression (P<0.001). These results demonstrated that the evaluation of HIF-1α, MT and SLUG expression in PTC may be useful in predicting the risk of LNM and high TNM stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Chao-Ran Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Cui Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Qi-Feng Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - George G Chen
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Min Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
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Shah P, Gau Y, Sabnis G. Histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat reverses epithelial to mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells by reversing the repression of E-cadherin. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 143:99-111. [PMID: 24305977 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2784-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Loss of ERα in breast cancer correlates with poor prognosis, increased recurrence rates, and higher incidence of metastasis. Epigenetic silencing of E-cadherin (loss of which is associated with more invasive phenotype) is observed in metastatic cell lines and invasive breast cancers. Here, we are showing that entinostat (ENT) can reverse epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is considered to be a first step in the process of metastases formation. Triple-negative breast cancer cells such as MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T show a basal phenotype characterized by loss of E-cadherin expression and higher expression of mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin and vimentin along with transcriptional repressors such as twist and snail. When MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T cells or tumors were treated with ENT, E-cadherin transcription was increased along with reduction in N-cadherin mRNA expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that treatment of MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T cells increased the activation of E-cadherin promoter by reducing the association of twist and snail with the E-cadherin (CDH1) promoter and downregulated both the snail and twist. ENT also inhibited cell migration in vitro. In addition, phosphorylation of vimentin was increased, as well as remodeling of vimentin filaments. ENT treatment also reduced formation of tubulin-based microtentacles, which help floating cells attach to other surfaces. These findings suggest that ENT can reverse EMT and may reduce the formation of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore St, HSF-I 580-I, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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Zhang XH, Liang X, Wang TS, Liang XH, Zuo RJ, Deng WB, Zhang ZR, Qin FN, Zhao ZA, Yang ZM. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) induction on Snail expression during mouse decidualization. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 381:272-9. [PMID: 23994020 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Embryo implantation requires a precise synchronism between the receptive uterus and activated blastocyst and is regulated by complicated molecular networks. Although many implantation-related genes have been identified, the crosstalk among them is still unknown. Snail, a transcription repressor, plays a central role during epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Our previous study showed that Snail is highly expressed at implantation site in mouse uterus. This study was to examine how Snail is related with other implantation-related genes in mice. Uterine stromal cells were isolated from mouse uteri on day 4 of pregnancy and treated with HB-EGF. Snail was induced significantly by HB-EGF. By using specific inhibitors and siRNA, we demonstrated that HB-EGF induction on Snail expression is dependent on the EGFR-ERK-Stat3 pathway. Cox-2 was regulated by Snail. The current findings demonstrate that Snail can relate with HB-EGF, Stat3 and Cox-2 and may play a role during mouse embryo implantation and decidualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Hong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; College of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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146
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Qi Y, Wang CC, He YL, Zou H, Liu CX, Pang LJ, Hu JM, Jiang JF, Zhang WJ, Li F. The correlation between morphology and the expression of TGF-β signaling pathway proteins and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins in synovial sarcomas. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2013; 6:2787-2799. [PMID: 24294365 PMCID: PMC3843259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a malignant tumor of soft tissue and is noted for late local recurrence and metastasis. Aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse human malignancies. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to assess EMT-related proteins (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, β-catenin, Snail, and Slug) and the TGF-β1 pathway (TGF-β1 and Smad2/3) proteins expression in different histological subtypes and epithelial mesenchymal compositions of SS. The expression of cell-surface (E-cadherin) and cytoskeletal proteins (β-catenin) were higher significantly in biphasic SSs (BSSs) (70.4%, 51.9%) than MFSSs (both for 10%). Among monophasic fibrous SSs (MFSSs) samples, E-cadherin protein expression was negatively correlated with expression Snail, Slug, TGF-β1, and Smad2/3. The expression levels of Snail and Smad2/3 were correlated with the pTNM stage (I-II vs. III-IV; P=0.047, P=0.021) and TGF-β1 exhibited a tendency toward a positive correlation with pTNM stage (I-II vs. III-IV; P=0.052), but did not correlate with the histological grade (p>0.05). Interestingly, our data showed that expression of E-cadherin protein correlated with greater survival in SS patients. Overexpression of Snail, and TGF-β1 is associated with suppressed expression of E-cadherin in MFSSs, which supports the hypothesis that the MFSS subtype may have developed via neoplastic EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qi
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cui-Cui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yong-Lai He
- Department of ICU Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital Pathology, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hong Zou
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chun-Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li-Juan Pang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jian-Ming Hu
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jin-fang Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, Hubei, China
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Millanes-Romero A, Herranz N, Perrera V, Iturbide A, Loubat-Casanovas J, Gil J, Jenuwein T, García de Herreros A, Peiró S. Regulation of heterochromatin transcription by Snail1/LOXL2 during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mol Cell 2013; 52:746-57. [PMID: 24239292 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although heterochromatin is enriched with repressive traits, it is also actively transcribed, giving rise to large amounts of noncoding RNAs. Although these RNAs are responsible for the formation and maintenance of heterochromatin, little is known about how their transcription is regulated. Here, we show that the Snail1 transcription factor represses mouse pericentromeric transcription, acting through the H3K4 deaminase LOXL2. Since Snail1 plays a key role in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), we analyzed the regulation of heterochromatin transcription in this process. At the onset of EMT, one of the major structural heterochromatin proteins, HP1α, is transiently released from heterochromatin foci in a Snail1/LOXL2-dependent manner, concomitantly with a downregulation of major satellite transcription. Moreover, preventing the downregulation of major satellite transcripts compromised the migratory and invasive behavior of mesenchymal cells. We propose that Snail1 regulates heterochromatin transcription through LOXL2, thus creating the favorable transcriptional state necessary for completing EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Millanes-Romero
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolás Herranz
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Valentina Perrera
- Max Planck Institute of Immunology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ane Iturbide
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordina Loubat-Casanovas
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Gil
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Thomas Jenuwein
- Max Planck Institute of Immunology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Antonio García de Herreros
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Peiró
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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148
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Mingot JM, Vega S, Cano A, Portillo F, Nieto MA. eEF1A mediates the nuclear export of SNAG-containing proteins via the Exportin5-aminoacyl-tRNA complex. Cell Rep 2013; 5:727-37. [PMID: 24209753 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exportin5 mediates the nuclear export of double-stranded RNAs, including pre-microRNAs, adenoviral RNAs, and tRNAs. When tRNAs are aminoacylated, the Exportin5-aminoacyl (aa)-tRNA complex recruits and coexports the translation elongation factor eEF1A. Here, we show that eEF1A binds to Snail transcription factors when bound to their main target, the E-cadherin promoter, facilitating their export to the cytoplasm in association with the aa-tRNA-Exportin5 complex. Snail binds to eEF1A through the SNAG domain, a protein nuclear export signal present in several transcription factor families, and this binding is regulated by phosphorylation. Thus, we describe a nuclear role for eEF1A and provide a mechanism for protein nuclear export that attenuates the activity of SNAG-containing transcription factors.
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MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Karyopherins/genetics
- Karyopherins/metabolism
- MCF-7 Cells
- Peptide Elongation Factor 1/genetics
- Peptide Elongation Factor 1/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/genetics
- RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Snail Family Transcription Factors
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transfection
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Mingot
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC-UMH, Avda. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain.
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Hsieh YS, Chu SC, Hsu LS, Chen KS, Lai MT, Yeh CH, Chen PN. Rubus idaeus L. reverses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and suppresses cell invasion and protease activities by targeting ERK1/2 and FAK pathways in human lung cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:908-18. [PMID: 24161487 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been considered essential for cancer metastasis, a multistep complicated process including local invasion, intravasation, extravasation, and proliferation at distant sites. Herein we provided molecular evidence associated with the antimetastatic effect of Rubus idaeus L. extracts (RIE) by showing a nearly complete inhibition on the invasion (p<0.001) of highly metastatic A549 cells via reduced activities of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and urokinasetype plasminogen activator (u-PA). We performed Western blot to find that RIE could induce up-regulation of epithelial marker such as E-cadherin and α-catenin and inhibit the mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin, fibronectin, snail-1, and vimentin. Selective snail-1 inhibition by snail-1-specific-siRNA also showed increased E-cadherin expression in A549 cells suggesting a possible involvement of snail-1 inhibition in RIE-caused increase in E-cadherin level. RIE also inhibited p-FAK, p-paxillin and AP-1 by Western blot analysis, indicating the anti-EMT effect of RIE in human lung carcinoma. Importantly, an in vivo BALB/c nude mice xenograft model showed that RIE treatment reduced tumor growth by oral gavage, and RIE represent promising candidates for future phytochemical-based mechanistic pathway-targeted cancer prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung, Taiwan
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Zucchini-Pascal N, Peyre L, Rahmani R. Crosstalk between beta-catenin and snail in the induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition in hepatocarcinoma: role of the ERK1/2 pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:20768-92. [PMID: 24135872 PMCID: PMC3821642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141020768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an integral process in the progression of many epithelial tumors. It involves a coordinated series of events, leading to the loss of epithelial features and the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype, resulting in invasion and metastasis. The EMT of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells is thought to be a key event in intrahepatic dissemination and distal metastasis. In this study, we used 12-O-tet-radecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to dissect the signaling pathways involved in the EMT of HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells. The spectacular change in phenotype induced by TPA, leading to a pronounced spindle-shaped fibroblast-like cell morphology, required ERK1/2 activation. This ERK1/2-dependent EMT process was characterized by a loss of E-cadherin function, modification of the cytoskeleton, the acquisition of mesenchymal markers and profound changes to extracellular matrix composition and mobility. Snail was essential for E-cadherin repression, but was not sufficient for full commitment of the TPA-triggered EMT. We found that TPA triggered the formation of a complex between Snail and β-catenin that activated the Wnt pathway. This study thus provides the first evidence for the existence of a complex network governed by the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, converging on the coregulation of Snail and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and responsible for the onset and the progression of EMT in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Zucchini-Pascal
- Laboratory of Xenobiotic's Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, INRA, UMR 1331 TOXALIM (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Sophia Antipolis 06903, France.
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