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Chandrashekhar VM, Muchandi AA, Sudi SV, Ganapty S. Hepatoprotective activity of Stereospermum suaveolens against CCl4-induced liver damage in albino rats. Pharm Biol 2010; 48:524-528. [PMID: 20645794 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903173601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of Stereospermum suaveolens DC (Bignoniaceae). Hepatoprotective activity is studied by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced liver damage in albino rats. The degree of protection in this activity has been measured by using biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, LDL-cholesterol and SOD, CAT, GSH, total thiols, NO, and lipid peroxidation in liver tissue homogenate. The results suggest that the methanol stem bark extract of Stereospermum suaveolens at the doses 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg and reference standard Liv-52 treated group produced significant (p <0.001) hepatoprotection against CCl(4)-induced liver damage by decreasing the activities of serum enzymes, bilirubin and lipid peroxidation. The extract significantly (p <0.001) increased levels of SOD, CAT, GSH and total thiols, as compared to control group. Histopathological studies further substantiate the protective effect of the extract. It was concluded that methanol stem bark extract of Stereospermum suaveolens showed effective hepatoprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Chandrashekhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Hanagal Shri Kumareshwar College of Pharmacy, B.V.V.S. Campus, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.
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152
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Rastogi RP, Sinha RP, Singh SP, Häder DP. Photoprotective compounds from marine organisms. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 37:537-58. [PMID: 20401734 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The substantial loss in the stratospheric ozone layer and consequent increase in solar ultraviolet radiation on the earth's surface have augmented the interest in searching for natural photoprotective compounds in organisms of marine as well as freshwater ecosystems. A number of photoprotective compounds such as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), scytonemin, carotenoids and several other UV-absorbing substances of unknown chemical structure have been identified from different organisms. MAAs form the most common class of UV-absorbing compounds known to occur widely in various marine organisms; however, several compounds having UV-screening properties still need to be identified. The synthesis of scytonemin, a predominant UV-A-photoprotective pigment, is exclusively reported in cyanobacteria. Carotenoids are important components of the photosynthetic apparatus that serve both light-harvesting and photoprotective functions, either by direct quenching of the singlet oxygen or other toxic reactive oxygen species or by dissipating the excess energy in the photosynthetic apparatus. The production of photoprotective compounds is affected by several environmental factors such as different wavelengths of UVR, desiccation, nutrients, salt concentration, light as well as dark period, and still there is controversy about the biosynthesis of various photoprotective compounds. Recent studies have focused on marine organisms as a source of natural bioactive molecules having a photoprotective role, their biosynthesis and commercial application. However, there is a need for extensive work to explore the photoprotective role of various UV-absorbing compounds from marine habitats so that a range of biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications can be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh P Rastogi
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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153
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Zhong MM, Chen FH, Yuan LP, Wang XH, Wu FR, Yuan FL, Cheng WM. Protective effect of total flavonoids from Bidens bipinnata L. against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:1017-25. [PMID: 17637198 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.7.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Bidens bipinnata L. is well known in China as a traditional Chinese medicine. This study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the total flavonoids of B. bipinnata L. (TFB) against carbon tetrachloride (CCI4)-induced acute liver injury in mice and to determine its mechanism of action. Oral administration of TFB at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg kg−1 for 7 days significantly reduced the elevated relative values of liver weight, serum transaminases (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) and the hepatic morphologic changes induced by CCl4 in mice. In addition, TFB markedly inhibited CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation and enhanced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Moreover, pretreatment with TFB suppressed nitric oxide production and nuclear factor-kB activation in CCl4-treated mice. The results suggest that TFB has significant hepatoprotective activity and its mechanism is related, at least in part, to its antioxidant properties. Further research is required to investigate the detailed mechanism of the protective effect of TFB on acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-mei Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, China
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154
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Wang X, Hai CX, Liang X, Yu SX, Zhang W, Li YL. The protective effects of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms aqueous extracts against oxidative stress: role of Nrf2 and antioxidant enzymes. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 127:424-32. [PMID: 19857565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr.et Maxim.) Harms, classified into the family of Araliaceae, is used in a variety of diseases in traditional Chinese system of medicine including hypertension, ischemic heart disease and hepatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different doses (75 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg) of aqueous extracts of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms were evaluated for the antioxidant activity against oxidative stress in mice induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) through observating histopathology of the liver and detecting antioxidant enzyme activity, concentration of antioxidant, and related gene and protein expression. RESULTS Acanthopanax senticosus Harms aqueous extracts (ASE) attenuated the morphological injury of liver induced by t-BHP and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the ratio of GSH/GSSG in serum and liver homogenates. Medium and high doses of ASE also elevated the gene expression of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), but not CuZnSOD, MnSOD, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and GCLC. Protein expression results showed that Nrf2 and the antioxidant enzymes were all increased significantly by medium and high doses of ASE. CONCLUSION The present results indicated that ASE protect against oxidative stress which may be generated via the induction of Nrf2 and related antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, PR China.
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155
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Ahmed F, Urooj A. Hepatoprotective effects of Ficus racemosa stem bark against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in albino rats. Pharm Biol 2010; 48:210-216. [PMID: 20645843 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903081788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the hepatoprotective effects of petroleum ether (FRPE) and methanol (FRME) extract of Ficus racemosa Linn. (Moraceae) stem bark were studied using the model of hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in rats. CCl(4) administration induced a significant decrease in serum total protein, albumin, urea and a significant increase (P <or= 0.01) in total bilirubin associated with a marked elevation in the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as compared to control rats. Further, CCl(4) intoxication caused significant increase in the TBARS and decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels in serum, liver and kidney. Pretreatment with FRPE and FRME restored total protein and albumin to near normal levels. Both the extracts resulted in significant decreases in the activities of AST, ALT and ALP, compared to CCl(4)-treated rats. However, a greater degree of reduction was observed in FRME pretreated group (FRPE 43%, 38%, and 33%; FRME 55%, 73%, and 38%). Total bilirubin content decreased from 2.1 mg/dL in CCl(4)-treated rats to 0.8 and 0.3 mg/dL in FRPE and FRME pretreated rats, respectively. The extracts improved the antioxidant status considerably as reflected by low TBARS and high GSH values. FRME exhibited higher hepatoprotective activity than a standard liver tonic (Liv52), while the protective effect of FRPE was similar to that of Liv52. The protective effect of F. racemosa was confirmed by histopathological profiles of the liver. The results indicate that F. racemosa possesses potent hepatoprotective effects against CCl(4)-induced hepatic damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiyaz Ahmed
- Department of Studies in Food Science and Nutrition, University of Mysore, Mysore, India.
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156
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Chai XY, Li FF, Bai CC, Xu ZR, Shi HM, Tu PF. Three new acylated glycosides from the stems of Casearia velutina and their protective effect against H2O2-induced impairment in PC12 cells. Planta Med 2010; 76:91-93. [PMID: 19591090 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1185902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the stems of Casearia velutina led to the isolation and structural elucidation of three new acylated glycosides, casearicosides A-C (1-3), together with 13 known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods. These isolates were evaluated for protective effects against H(2)O(2)-induced impairment in PC12 cells and inhibitory activity against snake venom phosphodiesterase I. A brief chemotaxonomy of the genus Casearia is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yun Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P R China
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157
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Ban NK, Thanh BV, Kiem PV, Minh CV, Cuong NX, Nhiem NX, Huong HT, Anh HT, Park EJ, Sohn DH, Kim YH. Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans and lanostane derivatives from the roots of Kadsura coccinea and their protective effects on primary rat hepatocyte injury induced by t-butyl hydroperoxide. Planta Med 2009; 75:1253-1257. [PMID: 19350485 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1185537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan, acetylepigomisin R ( 1), and a new 3,4-seco-lanostane-type triterpene, seco-coccinic acid F ( 2), along with three known dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, isovaleroylbinankadsurin A ( 3), kadsuralignan J ( 4), and binankadsurin A ( 5), and one lanostane-type triterpene, 20( R),24( E)-3-oxo-9 beta-lanosta-7,24-dien-26-oic acid ( 6), were isolated from the methanol extract of the Kadsura coccinea roots. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence including ESI-MS, HR-EI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR. The protective effects of these compounds were evaluated in primary cultured rat hepatocytes intoxicated with 1.2 mM T-butyl hydroperoxide. Compounds 1, 3, and 5 showed protective effects with ED (50) values of 135.7, 26.1, and 79.3 microM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninh Khac Ban
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
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158
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Dhanasekaran M, Ignacimuthu S, Agastian P. Potential hepatoprotective activity of ononitol monohydrate isolated from Cassia tora L. on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in wistar rats. Phytomedicine 2009; 16:891-895. [PMID: 19345078 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ononitol monohydrate, structurally similar to glycoside was isolated from Cassia tora L. leaves. Fifty Male rats were divided into five groups. Group I served as normal control. Group II, III and IV rats were induced hepatotoxicity by CCl(4) administering single dose of CCl(4) on 8th day only. Group III was treated with ononitol monohydrate (20mg/kg body weight) and group IV was treated with reference drug silymarin (20mg/kg body weight) both dissolved in corn oil and administering for 8 days. Ononitol monohydrate with corn oil alone was given for 8 days (group V). At the end of the experimental period all the animals were sacrificed and analyzed for biochemical parameters to assess the effect of ononitol monohydrate treatment in CCl(4) induced hepatotoxicity. In in vivo study, ononitol monohydrate decreased the levels of serum transaminase, lipid peroxidation and TNF-alpha but increased the levels of antioxidant and hepatic glutathione enzyme activities. Compared with reference drug silymarin ononitol monohydrate possessed high hepatoprotective activity. Histopathological results also suggested the hepatoprotective activity of ononitol monohydrate with no adverse effect. Hence we conclude that ononitol monohydrate is a potent hepatoprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muniyappan Dhanasekaran
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Tamil Nadu, India
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159
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Yu DH, Bao YM, An LJ, Yang M. Protection of PC12 cells against superoxide-induced damage by isoflavonoids from Astragalus mongholicus. Biomed Environ Sci 2009; 22:50-54. [PMID: 19462688 DOI: 10.1016/s0895-3988(09)60022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To further investigate the neuroprotective effects of five isoflavonoids from Astragalus mongholicus on xanthine (XA)/ xanthine oxidase (XO)-induced injury to PC12 cells. METHODS PC12 cells were damaged by XA/XO. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, MTT, LDH, and GSH assays were used to evaluate the protection of these five isoflavonoids. Contents of Bcl-2 family proteins were determined with flow cytometry. RESULTS Among the five isoflavonoids including formononetin, ononin, 9, 10-dimethoxypterocarpan-3-O-beta-D-glucoside, calycosin and calycosin-7-O-glucoside, calycosin and calycosin-7-O-glucoside were found to inhibit XA/ XO-induced injury to PC12 cells. Their EC50 values of formononetin and calycosin were 0.05 microg/mL. Moreover, treatment with these three isoflavonoids prevented a decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), while formononetin and calycosin could prevent a significant deletion of GSH. In addition, only calycosin and calycosin-7-O-glucoside were shown to inhibit XO activity in cell-free system, with an approximate IC50 value of 10 microg/mL and 50 microg/mL. Formononetin and calycosin had no significant influence on Bcl-2 or Bax protein contents. CONCLUSION Neuroprotection of formononetin, calycosin and calycosin-7-O-glucoside may be mediated by increasing endogenous antioxidants, rather by inhibiting XO activities or by scavenging free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Hong Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
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160
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Li CJ, Zhang DM, Luo YM, Yu SS, Li Y, Lu Y. Bis-sesquiterpenes and diterpenes from Chloranthus henryi. Phytochemistry 2008; 69:2867-2874. [PMID: 18929375 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Revised: 06/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Bis-sesquiterpenes, henriols A (1), B (2), C (3), and D (4), and three diterpenes, henrilabdanes A (5), B (6), and C (7), together with two known bis-sesquiterpenes and three known labdane diterpenes, were isolated from the ethanol extract of the roots of Chloranthus henryi. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by NMR spectroscopic, X-ray crystallographic and CD analyses. Compounds 1, 5, 6 and 7 showed moderate hepatoprotective activities with IC(50) values of 0.19, 0.66, 0.09 and 0.18 microM, respectively. They were not studied further due to the weak effects noted. Compounds 3 and 8 exhibited cytotoxic activities against three types of cancer cell lines including the hepatoma (BEL-7402), human gastric carcinoma (BGC-823), and colon cancer (HCT-8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang-Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
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161
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Das BK, Bepary S, Datta BK, Chowdhury AA, Ali MS, Rouf ASS. Hepatoprotective activity of Phyllanthus reticulatus. Pak J Pharm Sci 2008; 21:333-337. [PMID: 18930851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Two partially purified organic fractions designated by PR1 and PR2 of the fat free ethanol (95%) extract of aerial parts of Phyllanthus reticulatus were tested for the hepatoprotective activity in rats against CCl(4)-induced liver damage. The rats receiving the fractions showed promising hepatoprotective activity as evident from significant changes of pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, changes in serum levels of sGPT, sGOT, sALP and bilirubin and also from histopathological changes as compared to CCl(4)-intoxicated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplab K Das
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh
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162
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Qian ZJ, Jung WK, Byun HG, Kim SK. Protective effect of an antioxidative peptide purified from gastrointestinal digests of oyster, Crassostrea gigas against free radical induced DNA damage. Bioresour Technol 2008; 99:3365-71. [PMID: 17904358 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 08/10/2007] [Accepted: 08/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, in vitro gastrointestinal digestion was employed to obtain potent antioxidative peptide from protein of oyster, Crassostrea gias. The protein was subjected to hydrolysate using consecutive chromatographic methods, on a Hiprep 16/10 diethylaminoethyl fast flow (DEAE FF) anion exchange column and octadecylsilane (ODS) C18 reversed phase column. Finally, the amino acid sequence of the peptide was determined. The peptide, having the amino acid sequence Leu-Lys-Gln-Glu-Leu-Glu-Asp-Leu-Leu-Glu-Lys-Gln-Glu (1.60 kDa), exhibited the higher activity against polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation than that of native antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol. The free radical scavenging assay conducted using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, clearly exhibited that it scavenged hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical at IC50 values of 28.76 microM and 78.97 microM, respectively. Further, we investigated its antioxidant activities on cellular system, and the results showed that purified peptide significantly scavenged cellular radicals and protective effect on DNA damage caused by hydroxyl radicals generated. Furthermore (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) MTT assay showed no cytotoxicity on human embryonic lung fibroblasts cell line (MRC-5) and mouse macrophages cell (RAW264.7), respectively. These results indicate that this peptide shows potent antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ji Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
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163
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Tiku AB, Abraham SK, Kale RK. Protective effect of the cruciferous vegetable mustard leaf (Brassica campestris) against in vivo chromosomal damage and oxidative stress induced by gamma-radiation and genotoxic chemicals. Environ Mol Mutagen 2008; 49:335-342. [PMID: 18418865 DOI: 10.1002/em.20383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the possible protective effect of the popular Indian cruciferous vegetable mustard leaf (Brassica campestris) against chromosomal damage and oxidative stress induced by gamma-radiation, cyclophosphamide (CPH) and urethane (URE), in mice. In vivo bone marrow micronucleus test was performed to assess chromosomal damage, and oxidative stress was monitored by estimating the changes in lipid peroxidation and the status of glutathione (GSH) as well as redox cycle antioxidants. Pretreatment with 50-250 mg/kg body wt of mustard leaf extract (MLE) for seven days significantly reduced the frequencies of micronuclei induced by gamma-radiation, CPH and URE. The protective effect against chromosomal damage was associated with modulation of lipid peroxidation as well as an increase in GSH and the GSH-dependent enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST). Mass spectral analysis showed the presence of glucosinolates in MLE used for the pretreatment of mice. These findings indicate that intake of the green leafy cruciferous vegetable mustard leaf can lead to protection against in vivo genotoxicity and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashu B Tiku
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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164
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Hou SZ, Nagao Y, Ye MR, Zhu CC, Li G, Lai XP. [Protective effect of Isodon lophanthoides on acute hepatic injury induced by D-galactosamine in rats]. Zhong Yao Cai 2008; 31:248-250. [PMID: 18619271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the protective effects of Isodon lophanthoides (ILVG) aqueous extract on acute hepatic injury induced by D-galactosamine (D-Gal) in rats. METHODS 60 rats were divided into control group, model group, and low, middle, high dosage group, Bifendate group randomly. In test groups, rats received either ILVG aqueous extract (15, 7.5, 3.75 g/kg) or Bifendate (45 mg/kg) by gastric perfusion daily for 7 consecutive days. On the sixth day, D-Gal (550 mg/kg) was given to rats by oral administration. The levels of ALT, AST, ALP, TBA, T-Bil, TP and ALB in serum were analyzed. The weight of body, liver, spleen and thymus of each rat were measured. The hepatic glycogen content was analyzed individually. Liver tissue pathology was observed. RESULTS ILVG coud decrease the ALT, AST, ALP, TBA and T-Bil in serum, increase TP, ALB and hepatic glycogen content and restrain the enlargement of liver and the shrinkage of thymus, reduce necrosis in pathological observation. CONCLUSION ILVG aqueous extract possesses the effect on protecting on acute hepatic injury induced by D-Gal in rats, its effect is related to multifarious mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Zhen Hou
- College of Chinese Drug, Guangzhou University of TCM, Guangzhou 510405, China
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165
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Laroubi A, Touhami M, Farouk L, Zrara I, Aboufatima R, Benharref A, Chait A. Prophylaxis effect of Trigonella foenum graecum L. seeds on renal stone formation in rats. Phytother Res 2008; 21:921-5. [PMID: 17582593 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in medical therapy, there is no satisfactory drug to treat kidney stones. Therefore, the current study aimed to look for an alternative by using Trigonella foenum graecum (Tfg) on nephrolithiasic rats as a preventive agent against the development of kidney stones, which is commonly used in Morocco as a phytotherapeutic agent. The inhibitory effect of the aqueous extract of Tfg seeds was examined on the formation of calcium oxalate renal stones induced by ethylene glycol (EG) with ammonium chloride. At the end of the experiment all kidneys were removed and examined microscopically for possible crystal/stone locations and the total calcium amount in the renal tissue was evaluated. The blood was recovered to determine the levels of calcium, phosphorus, creatinine and urea. The results showed that the amount of calcification in the kidneys and the total calcium amount of the renal tissue in rats treated with Tfg were significantly reduced compared with the untreated group. Consequently, Tfg may be a useful agent in the treatment of patients with calcic urolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Laroubi
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology Unit of Ecophysiology, Cadi-Ayyad University, Faculty of Science Semlalia Marrakech, Morocco.
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166
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Li F, Shen YS, Ma JB, Zhao GH, Shi XQ, Zhu QY. [Protection of polysaccharide ATPS-2 from Armillariella tabescens on immunological liver injury in mice induced by BCG plus LPS]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2007; 32:2645-2648. [PMID: 18338607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of polysaccharide ATPS-2 from Armillariella tabescens on the immunological liver injury in mice induced by BCG plus LPS. METHOD BCG and LPS were adopted to establish BCG plus LPS liver injury model in mice. The content of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and NO, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondiadehyde (MDA) content of liver homogenate in mice were measured by colorimetric method. The content of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), on serum were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) , and T- and B-lymphocyte proliferation were measured by MTT. Index of liver, spleen and thymus were calculated after treatment. RESULT Polysaccharide ATPS-2 from A. tabescens (25, 50, 100 mg x kg(-1)) could obviously reduce the high level of ALT, AST, NO and TNF-alpha, IL-1 on serum, inhibit the high level of MDA, increase the low activity of SOD in liver homogenate and enhance T-and B-lymphocyte proliferation, elevate the spleen, thymic index and decrease liver index of the mice to different extent. CONCLUSION Polysaccharide ATPS-2 from A. tabescens had apparently protective effects in the immunological liver injury mice induced by BCG plus LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- School of Life Scince, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology Anhui University, Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine Anhui Province, Hefei 230039, China
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167
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Manna P, Sinha M, Sil PC. Galactosamine-induced hepatotoxic effect and hepatoprotective role of a protein isolated from the herb Cajanus indicus L in vivo. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2007; 21:13-23. [PMID: 17366529 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
dd(+)-Galactosamine is a well-known experimental hepatotoxin. The present study was conducted to determine the protective role of a 43-kD protein isolated from the leaves of the herb Cajanus indicus L against D(+)-galactosamine (GalN) induced liver damage in mice. Both preventive and curative effects of the protein have been investigated in the study. The protein was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight for 4 days before and after GalN intoxication at a dose of 800 mg/kg body weight for 3 days. The increased activities of serum marker enzymes, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase because of GalN administration, were significantly reduced by the protein treatment. The protein also normalized the altered activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione-S-transferase as well as the levels of cellular metabolites, reduced glutathione, glutathione disulfide, and total thiols. In addition, the enhanced hepatic lipid peroxidation because of GalN intoxication was also effectively inhibited by the protein treatment. Results suggest that GalN caused hepatic damages via oxidative insult and that the protein provided protection through its antioxidant mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, 93/1, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
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168
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Li YG, Xu G, Chen S, Zhong S, Ji DF. [Protective effect of panax japonics on ethanol-induced mice gastric lesion]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2007; 32:2282-2285. [PMID: 18309674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the protective effects of Panax japonics (PJ) on alcohol-induced gastric lesion in mice and the possible mechanisms. METHOD Male ICR mice were randomized into six groups: normal, control, PJ (1.5, 3.0, 6.0 g x kg(-1)) and Yinduoan (1.5 g x kg(-1)). The mice were pretreated with PJ before administering ethanol to observe the effect on the concentration of ethanol in serum and urine. The contents of MDA, GSH and GSH-PX, CAT and SOD activities were measured in serum and gastric mucosa, and subsequently, the pathological evaluation of stomach was also observed. RESULT The concentration of ethanol in serum was evidently decreased after PJ (1.5, 3.0 g x kg(-1)) was administrated because the ethanol was eliminated fleetly through urine. Synchronously the PJ reduced the content of MDA and increased the GSH increased in serum and gastric, besides, it increased the enzymatic activities of GSHPX, CAT and SOD, and the ethanol-induced gastric mitochondria structure injury were ameliorated so as to make the function to normal. CONCLUSION Based on these observations, one could conclude that the PJ is a potent protective agent against ethanol-induced gastric damages. One mechanism may be related with inhibiting the absorbability of ethanol at gastrointestinal tract, decreasing the concentration of ethanol in serum, and accelerating the ethanol elimination through urine so as to alleviate the ethanol-induced damage to gastrointestinal mucosal, enhancing the first-pass metabolism in stomach, and particularly increasing the antioxidant levels in serum and gastric. These gastroprotective effects might be, at least partly, through ameliorating the gastric mitochondria structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Gui Li
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
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169
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Li XR, Wang LJ, Li YH, Xu YX, Chen Y, Ruan JX, Xue M. [Effect of Danxiongfang and its components on experimental liver injury models induced by CCl4 in mice]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2007; 32:2177-2181. [PMID: 18306757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study investigates the protective effect on liver of Danxionfang and its components. METHOD Mice are injected with CCl4 to establish liver injured model. ALT, AST, serum albumin, globulin in serum and SOD, MDA in liver and liver histological changes were measured to confirm the ability of protecting liver of Danxiongfang. RESULT The results show Danxiongfang can inhibit obviously the abnormal increase of ALT, AST in serum and MDA in liver, enhance SOD activity in liver, total protein, albumin, globulin in serum, and decrease liver pathological changes, which suggests Danxiongfang can protect injured liver induced by CCl4. CONCLUSION Danxiongfang showed powerful protective effect against liver damage induced by CCl4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Rong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences Institute of Material Medical, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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170
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Lu JS, Liu YQ, Li M, Li BS, Xu Y. [Protective effects and its mechanisms of total alkaloids from rhizoma Coptis chinensis on Helicobacter pylori LPS induced gastric lesion in rats]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2007; 32:1333-6. [PMID: 17879739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects and its possible mechanisms of total alkaloids (TA) from rhizoma Coptis chinensis on H. pylori LPS induced gastric lesion in rats. METHOD H. pylori lipopolysaccharide was applied to rat intragastrically for 4 days to induce a pattern of mucosal responses resembling that of acute gastritis. After treatment with 50, 100, 200 mg x kg(-1) TA, we identified the changes on gastric histopathology, the effects on the activities of cNOS and NOS-2, the contents of TNF-alpha and the gastric mucus epithelial cell apoptosis. RESULT H. pylori LPS could significantly induce the epithelial cell apoptosis of gastric mucus, increase the expression of NOS-2 and decline the expression of cNOS, and enhance the content of TNF-alpha in serum. Treatment with 50, 100, 200 mg x kg(-1) TA led to reduction in the extent of mucosal inflammatory changes elicited by H. pylori LPS and decrease in epithelial cell apoptosis. Furthermore, this effect of TA was associated with decrease in content of TNF-alpha in serum, decline in NOS-2, and increase in cNOS. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that TA is a potent protective agent against H. pylori LPS induced gastric mucosal inflammation. The concerned mechanisms may be related to its inhibition on epithelial cell apoptosis, and the suppression of the inflammatory responses by upregulating cNOS and interfering with the events propagated by NOS-2, and reducing the content of TNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-song Lu
- Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China.
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171
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Pertino M, Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Rodríguez JA, Theoduloz C. Gastroprotective effect and cytotoxicity of terpenes from the Paraguayan crude drug "yagua rova" (Jatropha isabelli). J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 111:553-9. [PMID: 17276635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Revised: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A new jatrophone derivative (6), jatrophone (3), jatropholone A (4) and jatropholone B (5), acetyl aleuritolic acid (1), cyperenoic acid (2) and a monoterpene were isolated from the rhizomes of the Paraguayan crude drug Jatropha isabelli. The compounds were characterized by spectroscopic means. The gastroprotective effect of jatrophone, jatropholone A and B as well as 9beta,13alpha-dihydroxyisabellione 6 and the triterpene 1 was assessed in the HCl/EtOH-induced gastric lesions model in mice. Jatrophone elicited a strong gastroprotective effect with no significant differences between 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg and reducing lesions from 88 to 93%. The jatropholones A and B showed remarkable differences in the gastroprotective assay. Jatropholone A presented a dose-related response, with maximum effect (54% lesion reduction) at the highest dose (100 mg/kg), jatropholone B showed a strong action at all the doses, reducing lesions by 83-91%. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was assessed towards fibroblasts and AGS cells. Jatrophone was toxic against both cell lines (IC50 values: 2.8 and 2.5 microM, respectively). Jatropholone B (5) was not cytotoxic while jatropholone A (4) displayed a selective effect against AGS cells (IC50: 49 microM). The relevance of stereochemistry in the biological effects is clear comparing the effect of jatropholone A and B against AGS cells, with IC50 values of 49 and > 1000 microM for the beta and alpha C-16 isomers, respectively. The results provide scientific support for the use of "yagua rova" as a gastroprotective crude drug in Paraguayan traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Pertino
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
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172
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Singha PK, Roy S, Dey S. Protective activity of andrographolide and arabinogalactan proteins from Andrographis paniculata Nees. against ethanol-induced toxicity in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 111:13-21. [PMID: 17127022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2005] [Revised: 09/27/2006] [Accepted: 10/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To find out the active principles against ethanol-induced toxicity in mice, Andrographis paniculata Nees. (Ap) was chosen and isolated andrographolide (ANDRO) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). ANDRO was detected by HPTLC, FTIR and quantified by HPLC (10mg/g of Ap powder). AGPs was detected by beta-glucosyl Yariv staining of SDS-PAGE gel, FTIR and quantified by single radial gel diffusion assay with beta-glucosyl Yariv reagent (0.5mg/g Ap powder). The mice are pretreated intra-peritoneally (i.p.) with different doses (62.5, 125, 250, and 500mg/kg) of body weight of mice] of ANDRO and AGPs for 7 days and then ethanol (7.5g/kg of body weight) was injected, i.p. Besides, silymarin was used as standard hepatoprotective agent for comparative study with ANDRO and AGPs. The ameliorative activity of ANDRO and AGP against hepatic renal alcohol toxicity was measured by assessing GOT, GPT, ACP, ALP and LP levels in liver and kidney. It has been observed that pretreatment of mice with ANDRO and AGPs at 500mg/kg of body weight and 125mg/kg of body weight respectively could able to minimize the toxicity in compare to ethanol treated group as revealed by the different enzymatic assay in liver and kidney tissues and the results were comparable with silymarin. Hence, out of several ill-defined compounds present in Ap, ANDRO and AGPs are the potential bioactive compounds responsible for protection against ethanol-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajjal K Singha
- Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
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173
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Hernandez P, Rodriguez PC, Delgado R, Walczak H. Protective effect of Mangifera indica L. polyphenols on human T lymphocytes against activation-induced cell death. Pharmacol Res 2007; 55:167-73. [PMID: 17184998 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2006.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Revised: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 11/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Activation-induced cell death (AICD) plays an important role in maintenance of peripheral lymphocyte homeostasis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) combined with simultaneous calcium (Ca(2+)) influx into the cytosol are required for induction of AICD. The extract obtained from the stem bark of Mangifera indica L. has shown to protect T cells from in vitro AICD. This extract is rich in polyphenolic compounds, the three main components of which are mangiferin (MA), catechin (C) and epicatechin (EC). The present study has focused on the possible contribution of the polyphenols MA, C and EC to the demonstrated protective effect of M. indica extract on in vitro human T cell AICD. Our results show that these polyphenols diminished the increase of intracellular ROS and free Ca(2+) induced by T cell receptor (TCR) triggering. In addition, these polyphenols attenuated AICD. Our findings suggest that the T cell survival effect of M. indica extract is mediated, at least in part, by its main polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Hernandez
- Department of Biomedical Research, Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P.O. Box 16042, Havana, Cuba.
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174
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Puglia C, Santagati NA, Bonina F, Trombetta D, Cristani M, Speciale A, Saija A. Protective effect of Mediterranean fish oil extracts on heat-induced denaturation of albumin. J Pharm Pharmacol 2007; 58:1411-3. [PMID: 17034666 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.10.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Three oily extracts, obtained by acetone extraction from the entrails of different varieties of Mediterranean fishes, such as mackerel (Scomber scombrus), sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus), were characterized to determine their unsaturated fatty acid content. In an in-vitro model, their inhibitory effect was then evaluated against protein aggregation and their protective efficacy against heat-induced albumin denaturation assessed. The fish oil extracts tested in this study presented a significant amount of unsaturated fatty acids; in particular the extract obtained from the entrails of horse mackerel proved to have higher concentrations of DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and oleic acid compared with the other two oils. The in-vitro study revealed an interesting protective effect of the oil extracts (particularly the horse mackerel extract) against heat-induced denaturation of albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Puglia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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175
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Porter-Kelley J, Seay M, Singh PK, Chaudhuri G. Bio-available Zn2+ in the growth medium as a cue for Leishmania to express its protective surface protease. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2007; 101:89-93. [PMID: 17244414 DOI: 10.1179/136485907x157031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Porter-Kelley
- Division of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Meharry Medical College, 1005 D. B. Todd Jr Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
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176
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Yu X, Wu DZ. [Protective effects of Evodia rutaecarpa water extract on ethanol-induced rat gastric lesions]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2006; 31:1801-3. [PMID: 17260798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects of Evodia rutaecarpa water extract on ethanol-induced acute gastric lesions in rats. METHOD In this study, animals were intraperitoneally pretreated with vehicle (normal saline) or E. rutaecarpa at 424.8, 141.6, 47.2 mg x kg(-1). Three hours later, gastric lesions were induced by topical application of 50% ethanol for 10 min. The rat gastric transmucosal potential difference (PD) was recorded continuously by ex-vivo chamber technique. NO(x) (nitrate and nitrite) level in gastric perfusate and the length index of gastric lesions were determined in a gastric intubatton model. RESULT Compared with control, Evodia rutaecarpa water extract accelerated PD recovery and reduced gastric morphologic lesions in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05) , and also dose-dependently increased NO(x) level in gastric perfusate. Especially, at 424.8 mg x kg(-1), E. rutaecarpa promoted synthesizing of nitric oxide significantly (P < 0. 01). CONCLUSION E. rutaecarpa water extract showed effectively protective actions on ethanol-induced acute gastric lesions in rats, and the gastroprotective mechanisms maybe due to the strengthening action on gastric mucosal lining and the promotion of nitric oxide synthesis in local gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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177
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Wu L, Wei W, Gui SY, Sun WY. [Effects and mechanisms of shaoqiduogan on mice with chemical liver injury]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2006; 31:1807-10. [PMID: 17260800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of SQDG on carbon tetrachloride-induced chemical liver injury in mice as well as its possible mechanisms. At the same time the pharmacodynamics of SQDG was compared with TGP or ASTs of effective dose. METHOD The model of carbon tetrachloride-induced chemical liver injury in mice was prepared. The levels of ALT, AST, MDA content, SOD and GSH-Px activities in liver homogenate were assayed by spectrophotometry; Meanwhile, hepatic pathological examination was observed. RESULT Protective effect of SQDG on carbon tetrachloride-induced chemical liver injury: SQDG was able to significantly decrease serum transaminase levels of chemical liver injury's mice induced by carbon tetrachloride, decreased MDA content and improved the reduced SOD and GSH-px levels in liver homogenate. Furthermore, SQDG also attenuate the area and extent of necrosis and reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cell. Compared with TGP or ASTs of effective dose, SQDG has a better effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced chemical liver injury in mice. CONCLUSION SQDG can protect mice injured by carbon tetrachloride-induced chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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178
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Cheng JL, Zhou LM, Guan XL, Kuang XH, Zhu L. [The protective effects of ginsenoside RG1 and Rb1 against damage of HaCaT cells by ultraviolet B]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2006; 41:905-8. [PMID: 17111842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the survival rate and the level of HaCaT cells damage with ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation at various doses, and observe the protective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in vitro. METHODS MTT assay was employed to analyze the cell survival rate after UVB radiation of 30, 60, 90 and 120 mJ x cm(-2). The damage of nucleolus and the protective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 were scanned by Hoechst 33258 staining and single cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE). RESULTS It was found that the cell survival rate decreased gradually and the damage of nucleolus aggravated as the radiation dose increased from 30 mJ x cm(-2) to 120 mJ x cm(-2). At the dose of 20 microg x mL(1-), obvious protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 can be observed against UVB radiation-induced HaCaT cells growth inhibition and nucleolus damage. CONCLUSION UVB radiation inhibits HaCaT human keratinocytes growth and ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 can relief the damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-lin Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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179
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Niu XF, He LC, Fan T, Li Y. [Protecting effect of brevifolin and 8,9-single-epoxy brevifolin of Phyllanthus simplex on rat liver injury]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2006; 31:1529-32. [PMID: 17144473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of protecting liver of brevifolin and 8,9-single-epoxy brevifolin of Phyllanthus simplex. METHOD Rats were administered with CCl4 (ip) or alcohol (ig) to establish acute or chronic liver injured model, respectively. ALT, AST and TBIL in serum were measured using colorimetric analysis to evaluate liver function. MDA content or SOD activity in serum and liver tissue was measured by thiobarbituric acid chromatometry and xanthine oxidase methods, respectively. The hemorheological parameters were observed. RESULT Brevifolin and 8,9-single-epoxy brevifolin reduced the increase of ALT induced by CCl4, but they did not influence the increase of AST. And it could inhibit the pathologic increase of serum TBIL induced by alcohol. They could ameliorate the MDA increase or SOD decrease in serum and liver tissue in rats with liver injury, and decrease abnormal changed hemorheological parameters. CONCLUSION Brevifolin and 8,9-single-epoxy brevifolin show protective effective against acute and chronic liver injuries, and the mechanism is relevant to antagonizing the lipid peroxidation of free radical and improving the blood circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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180
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Singh B, Chandan BK, Sharma N, Bhardwaj V, Satti NK, Gupta VN, Gupta BD, Suri KA, Suri OP. Isolation, structure elucidation andIn Vivohepatoprotective potential oftrans-tetracos-15-enoic acid fromIndigofera tinctoriaLinn. Phytother Res 2006; 20:831-9. [PMID: 16841368 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The bioassay guided fractionation of the dried aerial part of Indigofera tinctoria Linn. led to the identification of an active fraction labelled as indigotin. On further chemical analysis, a compound isolated from indigotin was identified and characterized as trans-tetracos-15-enoic acid (TCA). The chemical structure of this compound was established on the basis of physical properties and spectral data, including NMR. It afforded significant hepatoprotection against carbon tetrachloride and paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in experimental models. Silymarin, a well known plant based hepatoprotective agent, and N-acetylcysteine, which has proven efficacy as a replenisher of sulfhydryls, were used for relative efficacy. TCA was found to reverse the altered hepatic parameters in experimental liver damage. In the safety evaluation study the oral LD50 was found to be more than 2000 mg/kg, with no signs of abnormalities or any mortality for the 15 day period of observation after administration of a single dose of drug in mice. The studies revealed significant and concentration dependent hepatoprotective potential of TCA as it reversed the majority of the altered hepatic parameters in experimental liver damage in rats and mice and may be useful in the management of liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Singh
- Pharmacology Division, Regional Research Laboratory, Canal Road, Jammu--Tawi 180 016, India
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181
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Du XH, Jiang L, Jiang XQ. [Study on therapeutic mechanisms of Danshen injection in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2006; 31:921-3. [PMID: 17048635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the therapeutic mechanisms of Danshen injection in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). METHOD The experimental serum was collected from 6 patients with ICP before therapy when in hospital. Endothelial cells were isolated from human umbilical veins chosen among the 10 normal pregnancy according to Jaffe's method. Serum of 20% concentration of ICP and different concentration of Danshen injection were cocultured with human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) for 24 hours. MTT method was applied to measuring the vitality of HUVECs. The expression value of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of different groups was detected by immunocytochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. RESULT Compared with ICP group, the value of MTT and VEGF in the Danshen injection therapeutic groups were increased with the increase of concentration and moreover, 8 g x L(-1) of Danshen injection was the optical concentration. By immunocytochemistry, the expression of VEGF in HUVECs in the Danshen injection therapeutic groups was also enhanced with the increase of concentration. CONCLUSION Danshen injection can protect HUVECs against the injury of ICP serum and promote the expression of VEGF. Danshen injection improves HUVECs by increasing the value of VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-han Du
- The Clinical Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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182
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Choi JS, Yoon TJ, Kang KR, Lee KH, Lee KH, Kim WH, Suh YH, Song J, Jung MH. Glycoprotein isolated from Acanthopanax senticosus protects against hepatotoxicity induced by acute and chronic alcohol treatment. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:306-14. [PMID: 16462037 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The protective effect of a 30 kDa glycoprotein (GF-AS) isolated from the stem bark of Acanthopanax senticosus against acute and chronic alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity were studied. N-terminal amino acid sequence of GF-AS showed NH(2)-Val-Ala-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Ala-Gly-Phe-Ala-Leu-Ser-Leu-Glx-Pro-Pro-Ala-Gly-Tyr-. GF-AS significantly increases the activities of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, including alcohol dehydrogenase, microsomal ethanol metabolizing system, and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase in rats acutely treated with alcohol, resulting in decreased plasma alcohol levels. GF-AS also increases the activities of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione level. Markers of liver injury induced by alcohol: elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride and cholesterol, are reduced by GF-AS in both acutely and chronically treated rats. The activities of lipogenic enzymes including malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphoglucuronic acid dehydrogenase in chronic alcohol-treated rats are significantly decreased by GF-AS. Furthemore, GF-AS improves histological change in fatty liver and hepatic lesions induced by alcohol. Collectively, GF-AS may alleviate alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity through increasing ethanol and lipid metabolism, as well as antioxidant defense systems in livers injured by acute- and chronic-alcohol treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Sun Choi
- Division of Metabolic Disease, Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Seoul 122-701, Korea
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183
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Han HF, Nakamura N, Zuo F, Hirakawa A, Yokozawa T, Hattori M. Protective Effects of a Neutral Polysaccharide Isolated from the Mycelium of Antrodia cinnamomea on Propionibacterium acnes and Lipopolysaccharide Induced Hepatic Injury in Mice. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:496-500. [PMID: 16595952 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mycelia of Antrodia cinnamomea were extracted with chloroform and hot water. A neutral polysaccharide named ACN2a separated from the water extract was purified using 10% CCl3COOH, and repeated column chromatography on HW-65 and DE-52 cellulose. Its structure was determined by chemical and spectroscopic analyses. ACN2a was composed of Gal, Glc, Fuc, Man and GalN (in the ratio 1:0.24:0.07:0.026:faint), in which an alpha-D-(1-->6)-Gal linkage accounted for 73% of all linkages. The ratio of branch points was about 16% of the total residual numbers, and branches were attached to C-2 of galactosyl residues of the main chain. ACN2a had an average molecular weight of 12.9x10(5) Daltons, [alpha]D25=+115 degrees (c=0.44, H2O); [eta]=0.0417dl.g-1, Cp=0.2663 cal/(g. degrees C). The hepatoprotective effect of ACN2a was evaluated using a mouse model of hepatic injury that was induced by Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The administration of ACN2a (0.4, 0.8 g/kg/d, p.o.), significantly prevented increases in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme activities in mice treated with P. acnes-LPS, indicating hepatoprotective activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Feng Han
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
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184
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Fu JH, Li XZ, Shang XH, Liu JX. [Protective effects of saponines of stem and leaf of Panax notoginseng on acute myocardial ischemia in anaesthetic dogs]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2006; 31:62-5. [PMID: 16548173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the protective effects of saponines of stem and leaf of Panax notoginseng (PNSSL) on acute myocardial ischemia in anaesthetic dogs. METHOD The acute ischemia models were made by ligation of left anterior descending (LAD) artery. The myocardial blood flow (MBF) was determined by ultrasonic doppler. The experiments adopted epicardiogram mapping to measure the scope and degree of myocardial ischemia, quantitative histologic assay (nitroblue tetrazolium, N-BT stain) to determine the size of myocardial infarction. And the endothelin (ET) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) were measured by radioimmunological assay. RESULT PNSSL was showed to obviously alleviate the degree of myocardial ischemia (sigma-ST) and narrow the ischemic area indicated by N-BT staining. In addition, PNSSL could increase the MBF of ischemia section. And the treatment could inhibit the ET and TXB2 release induced by ischemia and infarction. CONCLUSION PNSSL demonstrated to attenuate the damage subjected to myocardial ischemia and infarction, which may be due to its function of inhibiting the ET and TXA2 release, increasing the MBF, and then improving the damaged cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-hua Fu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing
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185
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Oh PS, Lee SJ, Lim KT. Glycoprotein (116 kD) isolated from Ulmus davidiana Nakai protects from injury of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-treated BNL CL.2 cells. Pharmacol Rep 2006; 58:67-74. [PMID: 16531632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2005] [Revised: 11/03/2005] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Ulmus davidiana Nakai (UDN) has been used for a long time to cure inflammation in oriental medicine. To evaluate the cytoprotective effects of the UDN glycoprotein, we measured cytotoxicity, the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), nitric oxide (NO) production, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) formation in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-treated BNL CL.2 cells. In TPA-treated BNL CL.2 cells, the results showed that UDN glycoprotein has dose-dependent blocking activities against TPA-induced cytotoxicity and NF-kappaB activation. In cytotoxic-related events, UDN glycoprotein (200 microg/ml) has an inhibitory effect on intracellular ROS production, NO production, and TBARS formation, without any toxic effects in the BNL CL.2 cells. These results suggest that UDN glycoprotein has cytoprotective abilities against TPA-induced oxidative cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil-Sun Oh
- Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-Dong, Kwangju City, 500-757, South Korea
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186
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Li B, Liu HR, Pan YQ, Jiang QS, Shang JC, Wan XH, He BC, Yang JQ, Zhou QX. [Protective effects of total alkaloids from rhizoma Coptis chinensis on alcohol-induced gastric lesion in rats]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2006; 31:51-4. [PMID: 16548170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of total alkaloids(TA) from rhizoma Coptis chinensis on alcohol-induced gastric lesion in rats and the possible mechanisms. METHOD The experimental gastric damges were established by intragastric(ig) absolute ethanol, and possible protective effects of TA given orally previously were evaluated by following parameters: gastric damage indexes, gastric juice volume, acidity, and mucus quantity. The contents of NO, MDA, *OH, and SOD activity were also measured in gastric mucosa. RESULT TA showed significantly inhibitive effects on gastric damages induced by ig ethanol in a dose dependent manner. The effects of TA (120 mg x kg(-1)) were stronger than that of both cimitidine(70 mg x kg(-1)) and berberine(100 mg x kg(-1)), the quantity of later was equal to TA as calculated with berberine. TA significantly suppressed secretion of gastric acid caused by ethanol without clear influences on gastric juice volume and mucus secretion. TA obviously blunted ethanol-induced elevation of MDA and *OH, as well as decrease of NO level and SOD activity from gastric mucosa. CONCLUSION It is suggested that the TA is a potent protective agent against ethanol-induced gastric damages. The mechanism of actions may be related with inhibiting the secretion of gastric acid and blunting the increase of MDA and *OH, as well as the decrease of NO level and SOD activity from gastric mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Li
- Chongqing University of Medical Sciences, China
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187
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Zhao RY, Li YH, Gao W, Wang YX. [Experimental study about the protective effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on renal acute ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2005; 30:1859-62. [PMID: 16499028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the protective effect of Ginkgo biloba extract(EGb) on the kidney in the case of ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHOD The model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in male rats was made by ligation of left renal artery for 45 min and 4 h of reperfusion. The rats with pretreament were fed with EGb prior to operation. The change of MDA, SOD, Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase in kidney and BUN, Cr in plasma were determined. The renal pathologic changes were observed. RESULT After ischemia-reperfusion, the content of MDA in renal cortex and the levels of BUN, Cr in plasma were increased,the activity of SOD,Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase in renal cortex were decreased, and the phathological changes induced by ischemia-reperfusion in renal tissues were observed clearly. The pretreatment of rats with EGb coued significantly prevente the reduction of SOD, Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase activity in renal cortex and the increase of MDA content in renal cortex, decrease the concenration of BUN, Cr in plasma. The pathological changes of proximal tubular cells in rats kidneys induced by ischemia-reperfusion were also prevented by the pretreatment with EGb. CONCLUSION EGb can protect rats from renal injuries caused by ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-ying Zhao
- Dept of Pharmacology, Shenyang Medical College, China.
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188
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Kim YC, An RB, Yoon NY, Nam TJ, Choi JS. Hepatoprotective constituents of the edible brown alga Ecklonia stolonifera on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. Arch Pharm Res 2005; 28:1376-80. [PMID: 16392671 DOI: 10.1007/bf02977904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, ethanolic extracts from 18 seaweed variants were assessed for hepatoprotective activity against tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. Only one of these, Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura (Laminariaceae), a member of the brown algae, exhibited promising hepatoprotective activity. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the active ethyl acetate (EtOAc) soluble fraction obtained from the ethanolic extract of E. stolonifera, resulted in the isolation of several phlorotannins [phloroglucinol (1), eckstolonol (2), eckol (3), phlorofucofuroeckol A (4), and dieckol (5)]. Compounds 2 and 4 were determined to protect Hep G2 cells against the cytotoxic effects of tacrine, with EC50 values of 62.0 and 79.2 microg/mL, respectively. Silybin, a well characterized hepatoprotective agent, was used as a positive control, and exhibited an EC50 value of 50.0 microg/mL. It has been suggested that the phlorotannins derived from marine brown algae might prove useful sources in the development of novel hepatoprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Chul Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
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189
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Ziuganov VV, Popkovich EG. [Arctic teleost fishes with canceled accelerated senescence program are a potential source of stress protectors and cancer drugs]. Izv Akad Nauk Ser Biol 2005:578-84. [PMID: 16240755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A new approach to the development of natural cancer drugs from hydrobionts selected for longevity and stress resistance is analyzed. The accelerated senescence program was successfully canceled in holarctic stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus by crossing the marine and freshwater forms in ponds and selection of hybrids. Prolongation of fish life was accompanied by an increased production of the antistress exocrine secretion by the renal epithelium of male sticklebacks (glycoproteins, peptides, and mucoids), required for successful egg development. Trials of the biologic prepared from this secretion in salmons with epithelioma, guinea pigs with affected skin, and mice with transplantable tumors demonstrated a good therapeutic effect of the biologic.
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190
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Qi BM, Cai CC, Deng XM, Zhang L. [Protective effect of purariae isoflavone on apoptosis cells of nasal mocosas in ovariectomized rats]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2005; 30:855-7. [PMID: 16110871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the protective effect of purariae isoflavone on apoptosis cells of atrophic nasal mucosas in ovariectomized rats. METHOD 60 rats were divided into four groups as control, ovariectomized, ovariectomized + nylestriol (O + N) and ovariectomized + purariae isoflavone (O + P), each with 15 rats. Earlier apotosis cells of mucosas taken from nasal septum were measured with flow cytometry. RESULT Compared with control group, and the number of apoptosis cells of mucosas increased after being ovariectomized,and the number of apoptosis cells of mucosas in O + N and O + D group didn't change. CONCLUSION Nylestriol and purariae isoflavone might have effects on protecting cells of mucosas from lacking of estrogen by decreasing apoptosis cells in ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Ming Qi
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650001, China.
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191
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Abstract
In the course of searching for hepatoprotective agents from natural products, six compounds were isolated from the MeOH extract of the leaves of Juglans sinensis, as guided by their DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The structures were determined as juglanoside B (1), quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside (avicularin, 2), quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (guaijaverin, 3), quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (quercitrin, 4), (+)-catechin (5) and quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (hyperin, 6). Compounds 2-6 showed significant DPPH free radical scavenging effects. An evaluation for the hepatoprotective activity of the isolated compounds on drug-induced cytotoxicity was conducted, and compounds 1, 2, and 5 showed protective effects against nitrofurantoin-induced cytotoxicity, and compound 5 also exhibited a moderate protective effect on amiodarone-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Bo An
- College of Pharmacy and Phytofermentation Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea
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192
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Gilani AH, Jabeen Q, Ghayur MN, Janbaz KH, Akhtar MS. Studies on the antihypertensive, antispasmodic, bronchodilator and hepatoprotective activities of the Carum copticum seed extract. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 98:127-135. [PMID: 15763373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2004] [Revised: 01/12/2005] [Accepted: 01/12/2005] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the antihypertensive, antispasmodic, bronchodilator and hepatoprotective activities of the aqueous-methanolic extract of Carum copticum Benth. seeds (CSE) to rationalize some of its traditional uses. CSE (3-100 mg/kg) caused a dose-dependent fall in arterial blood pressure in anaesthetized rats. In isolated rabbit aorta and jejunum preparations, CSE (0.1-3.0 mg/ml) caused an inhibitory effect on the K+-induced contractions. The calcium channel blocking (CCB) effect was confirmed when CSE shifted the Ca2+ dose-response curves (DRCs) to right similar to verapamil. In isolated guinea-pig tracheal preparations, it caused inhibition of carbachol and K+-induced bronchoconstriction at 0.1-1.0 mg/ml as well as shifted the dose-response curves (DRCs) of carbachol and histamine to the right with suppression of maximum response suggestive of non-specific bronchodilator effect mediated possibly through CCB. Pretreatment of rats with CSE (500 mg/kg orally for 2 days at 12 h intervals) prevented paracetamol (640 mg/kg) and CCl4 (150 ml/kg)-induced rise in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aminotransferases (AST and ALT). The same dose of CSE was able to prevent the CCl4-induced prolongation in pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice confirming its hepatoprotectivity. These results indicate the presence of calcium antagonist(s) in Carum copticum seeds and thus provides sound mechanistic basis for some of their folkloric uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Gilani
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
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193
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Oliveira FA, Chaves MH, Almeida FRC, Lima RCP, Silva RM, Maia JL, Brito GAAC, Santos FA, Rao VS. Protective effect of alpha- and beta-amyrin, a triterpene mixture from Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) March. trunk wood resin, against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 98:103-8. [PMID: 15763370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2004] [Revised: 12/06/2004] [Accepted: 01/05/2005] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In the search of hepatoprotective agents from natural sources, alpha- and beta-amyrin, a triterpene mixture isolated from the trunk wood resin of folk medicinal plant, Protium heptaphyllum was tested against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Liver injury was analysed by quantifying the serum enzyme activities and by histopathological observations. In mice, acetaminophen (500 mg/kg, p.o.) caused fulminant liver damage characterized by centrilobular necrosis with inflammatory cell infiltration, an increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, a decrease in hepatic glutathione (GSH) and 50% mortality. Pretreatment with alpha- and beta-amyrin (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p. at 48, 24, and 2 h before acetaminophen) attenuated the acetaminophen-induced acute increase in serum ALT and AST activities, replenished the depleted hepatic GSH, and considerably reduced the histopathological alterations in a manner similar to N-acetylcysteine, a sulfhydryls donor. Also, the acetaminophen-associated mortality was completely suppressed by terpenoid pretreatment. Further, alpha- and beta-amyrin could potentiate the pentobarbital (50 mg/kg, i.p.) sleeping time, suggesting the possible suppression of liver cytochrome-P450. These findings indicate the hepatoprotective potential of alpha- and beta-amyrin against toxic liver injury and suggest that the diminution in oxidative stress and toxic metabolite formation as likely mechanisms involved in its hepatoprotection. In conclusion, this study supports the traditional use of Protium heptaphyllum resin as a medicinal agent and suggests the feasibility of developing herbal drugs for treatment of liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel Nunes de Melo 1127, Porangabussu Caixa Postal 3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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194
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Kim I, Chin YW, Lim SW, Kim YC, Kim J. Norisoprenoids and hepatoprotective flavone glycosides from the aerial parts ofBeta vulgaris var.cicla. Arch Pharm Res 2004; 27:600-3. [PMID: 15283459 DOI: 10.1007/bf02980156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
(+)-Dehydrovomifoliol (1), 3-hydroxy-5alpha,6alpha-epoxy-beta-ionone (2), vitexin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), and vitexin 2''-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4) were isolated as new constituents from the aerial parts of Beta vulgaris var. cicla. Compounds 3 and 4 demonstrated hepatoprotective activity with values of 65.8 and 56.1%, respectively, in primary cultured rat hepatocytes with CCl4-induced cell toxicity, compared to controls. This was comparable to that of silibinin (69.8 %) which was used as a positive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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195
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Ross BC, Czajkowski L, Vandenberg KL, Camuglia S, Woods J, Agius C, Paolini R, Reynolds E, Barr IG. Characterization of two outer membrane protein antigens of Porphyromonas gingivalis that are protective in a murine lesion model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 19:6-15. [PMID: 14678469 DOI: 10.1046/j.0902-0055.2003.00096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a key periodontal pathogen that has been implicated in the aetiology of chronic adult periodontitis. The aim of this study was to characterize two potential vaccine candidates (PG32 and PG33) identified from a previous genomic sequence analysis. Gene knockout studies suggested that these proteins play an important role in bacterial growth and are transcriptionally linked. Analysis of 14 laboratory and clinical isolates of P. gingivalis found that in all strains, both genes were present with a high level of conservation and that the two proteins were also expressed in vitro. Truncated recombinant PG32 and PG33 proteins were produced in Escherichia coli in an attempt to increase the solubility of the proteins while retaining their native conformation. While most of the truncated proteins remained insoluble, two truncated proteins showed good solubility and high levels of protection in the P. gingivalis murine lesion model and may be considered as potential vaccine candidates for further testing in models of human periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Ross
- Research and Development, CSL Ltd, Parkville, School of Dental Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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196
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Tang XH, Gao J, Wang YP, Xu LZ, Zhao XN, Xu Q. [Hepatoprotective effects of chloroform extract from leaf of Terminalia catappa in relation to the inhibition of liver IL-6 expression]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2003; 28:1170-4. [PMID: 15617504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the hepatoprotective effects of Terminalia catappa chloroform extract (TCCE) and its effects on IL-6 gene over expression in liver of CCl4-treated mice. METHOD Mice were orally pretreated with TCCE (20, 50, 100 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) for 5 days, and the sALT activity of mice was detected 24 hours after the intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 on the 5 th day. Meanwhile, IL-6 mRNA level was determined by using the method of RT-PCR. And the liver morphological changes were also observed. RESULT sALT activity was remarkably increased (5.6 fold) after the injection of CCl4. However, with oral pretreatment of TCCE, changes in sALT were dose-dependently reversed. On the other hand, significant increase in IL-6 mRNA level induced by CCl4 was remarkably decreased. The level of IL-6 mRNA in 100 mg x kg(-1) TCCE treated mice was reversed to that of control. In addition, histological changes such as the infiltration of numerous inflammatory cells and hepatocyte swelling in injured mice were effectively lessened by the pretreatment of TCCE. CONCLUSION TCCE has hepatoprotective activity and the mechanisms underlying its protective effects may be related to the inhibition on the over expression of IL-6 gene in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-hui Tang
- School of Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, China
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197
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Zhang XG, Yu CH, Qing YE, Zhang Y, Chen SH, Li YM. [Effect of tea polyphenol on liver fibrosis in rats and related mechanism]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2003; 28:1070-2. [PMID: 15615420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of tea polyphenol (TP)'s on liver fibrosis in rats and its possible mechanism. METHOD Rats were divided into 5 groups, 4 groups of which were stomach perfused with alcohol resulting in alcoholic liver fibrosis, and 3 groups of which were stomach perfused with TP simultaneously. Another group was normal control one. Histological change of rat liver was investigated and quantitative analysis was made in 24 weeks, and rat liver anti-oxidation index and serum endotoxin were determined at the same time. RESULT Liver fibrosis in TP group was slight, and anti-oxidize index and endotoxin level were markedly improved in comparison with those of alcohol groups. CONCLUSION Tea polyphenol can protect hepatocytes from fibrosis. Its mechanism is possibly due to cleaning up overfull lipid per-oxidation and reducing the level of endotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-guo Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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198
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Ding BX, Wang CB. Inhibitory effect of polypeptides from Chlamys farreri on UVB-induced apoptosis and DNA damage in normal human dermal fibroblasts in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2003; 24:1006-10. [PMID: 14531943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of polypeptide from Chlamys farreri (PCF) on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced apoptosis and DNA damage in cultured normal human dermal fibroblasts. METHODS MTT assay was used to measure the viability of cells. Measurements of apoptosis and cytosolic free [Ca2+]i were performed with flow cytometry. The comet assay was employed to detect DNA damage in individual cell. RESULTS PCF (0.25 %-1%) greatly enhanced the proliferative capacity of cultured fibroblasts irradiated by UVB (1.176 x 10(-4) J/cm2) and markedly reduced apoptosis and the level of DNA damage in a concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, PCF could decrease the cytosolic free [Ca2+]i (P<0.01, compared with UVB model). CONCLUSION The inhibitory effect of PCF on UVB-induced photoaging is due to enhanced abating of UVB-injured DNA and UVB-induced apoptosis. Therefore, PCF can resist UV-induced aging development at the initiation stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Xiao Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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199
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Li SP, Zhao KJ, Ji ZN, Song ZH, Dong TTX, Lo CK, Cheung JKH, Zhu SQ, Tsim KWK. A polysaccharide isolated from Cordyceps sinensis, a traditional Chinese medicine, protects PC12 cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury. Life Sci 2003; 73:2503-13. [PMID: 12954458 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(03)00652-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cordyceps sinensis, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, possesses activities in anti-tumour, anti-oxidation and stimulating the immune system; however, the identity of active component(s) is not determined. By using anti-oxidation activity-guided fractionation, a polysaccharide of molecular weight approximately 210 kDa was isolated from cultured Cordyceps mycelia by ion-exchange and sizing chromatography. The isolated polysaccharide, having strong anti-oxidation activity, contains glucose, mannose and galactose in a ratio of 1 : 0.6 : 0.75. The pre-treatment of isolated polysaccharide on the cultured rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells shows strong protective effect against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced insult. Treatment of the cells with the isolated polysaccharide at 100 microg/ml prior to H(2)O(2) exposure significantly elevated the survival of PC12 cells in culture by over 60%. In parallel, the H(2)O(2)-induced production of malondialdehyde in cultured cells was markedly reduced by the polysaccharide treatment. Moreover, the pre-treatment of the isolated polysaccharide significantly attenuated the changes of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in H(2)O(2)-treated cells in a dose-dependent manner. This is the first report in identifying a polysaccharide from Cordyceps, which protects against the free radical-induced neuronal cell toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao P Li
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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Xiong X, Chen W, Cui J, Yi S, Zhang Z, Li K. [Effects of ursolic acid on liver-protection and bile secretion]. Zhong Yao Cai 2003; 26:578-81. [PMID: 14649204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the liver-protection and promoting bile secretion of ursolic acid. METHODS Ursolic acid was administrated to the mice with liver injury induced by CCl4 or APIT. ALT, AST levels in serum were examined. The bile flow rate and the concentration of the main components in the bile of rats administrated with ursolic acid were estimated. RESULTS Ursolic acid could decrease the serum ALT, AST, SB levels in the mice treated with CCl4 or APIT, promote the secretion of bile and increase the concentration of bilirubin in the bile. CONCLUSION Ursolic acid exhibited significant liver protection and promoting blie secretion.
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