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Braae UC, Hung NM, Satrija F, Khieu V, Zhou XN, Willingham AL. Porcine cysticercosis (Taenia solium and Taenia asiatica): mapping occurrence and areas potentially at risk in East and Southeast Asia. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:613. [PMID: 30497522 PMCID: PMC6267083 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the relative short life span and the limited spatial movement, porcine cysticercosis is an excellent indicator of current local active transmission. The aim of this study was to map at province-level, the occurrence of T. solium and T. asiatica in pigs and areas at risk of transmission to pigs in East and Southeast Asia, based on the density of extensive pig production systems and confirmed reports of porcine cysticercosis. Methods This study covered East and Southeast Asia, which consist of the following countries: Brunei, Cambodia, China, East Timor, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, North Korea, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand and Vietnam. Literature searches were carried out to identify current epidemiological data on the occurrence of porcine cysticercosis caused by T. solium and T. asiatica infections. Modelled densities of pigs in extensive production systems were mapped and compared to available data on porcine cysticercosis. Results Porcine cysticercosis was confirmed to be present during the period 2000 to 2018 in eight out of the 16 countries included in this study. Taenia solium porcine cysticercosis was confirmed from all eight countries, whereas only one country (Laos) could confirm the presence of T. asiatica porcine cysticercosis. Province-level occurrence was identified in five countries (Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam) across 19 provinces. Smallholder pig keeping is believed to be widely distributed throughout the region, with greater densities predicted to occur in areas of China, Myanmar, Philippines and Vietnam. Conclusions The discrepancies between countries reporting taeniosis and the occurrence of porcine cysticercosis, both for T. solium and T. asiatica, suggests that both parasites are underreported. More epidemiological surveys are needed to determine the societal burden of both parasites. This study highlights a straightforward approach to determine areas at risk of porcine cysticercosis in the absence of prevalence data. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3203-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uffe Christian Braae
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis.
| | - Nguyen Manh Hung
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Fadjar Satrija
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Virak Khieu
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, China CDC, Shanghai, China
| | - Arve Lee Willingham
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
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202
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Chen J, Xu J, Bergquist R, Li SZ, Zhou XN. "Farewell to the God of Plague": The Importance of Political Commitment Towards the Elimination of Schistosomiasis. Trop Med Infect Dis 2018; 3:E108. [PMID: 30282897 PMCID: PMC6306784 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed3040108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Jing Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | | | - Shi-Zhu Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China.
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203
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Mutsaka-Makuvaza MJ, Matsena-Zingoni Z, Tshuma C, Ray S, Zhou XN, Webster B, Midzi N. Reinfection of urogenital schistosomiasis in pre-school children in a highly endemic district in Northern Zimbabwe: a 12 months compliance study. Infect Dis Poverty 2018; 7:102. [PMID: 30268157 PMCID: PMC6162945 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-018-0483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In light of the shift to aiming for schistosomiasis elimination, the following are needed: data on reinfection patterns, participation, and sample submission adherence of all high-risk age groups to intervention strategies. This study was conducted to assess prevalence, reinfections along with consecutive participation, sample submission adherence, and effect of treatment on schistosomiasis prevalence in children aged five years and below in an endemic district in Zimbabwe, over one year. Methods The study was conducted from February 2016–February 2017 in Madziwa area, Shamva district. Following community mobilisation, mothers brought their children aged 5 years and below for recruitment at baseline and also urine sample collection at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months follow up surveys. At each time point, urine was tested for urogenital schistosomiasis by urine filtration and children found positive received treatment. Schistosoma haematobium prevalence, reinfections as well as children participation, and urine sample submission at each visit were assessed at each time point for one year. Results Of the 535 children recruited from the five communities, 169 (31.6%) participated consecutively at all survey points. The highest mean number of samples submitted was 2.9 among communities and survey points. S. haematobium prevalence significantly reduced from 13.3% at baseline to 2.8% at 12 months for all participants and from 24.9% at baseline to 1.8% at 12 months (P < 0.001) for participants coming at all- time points. Among the communities, the highest baseline prevalence was found in Chihuri for both the participants coming consecutively (38.5%, 10/26) and all participants (20.4%, 21/103). Reinfections were significantly high at 9 months follow up survey (P = 0.021) and in Mupfure (P = 0.003). New infections significantly decreased over time (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of acquiring schistosomiasis was high in some communities (P < 0.05). Conclusions S. haematobium infections and reinfections are seasonal and depend on micro-geographical settings. The risk of being infected with schistosomes in pre-school aged children increases with increasing age. Sustained treatment of infected individuals in a community reduces prevalence overtime. Participation compliance at consecutive visits and sample submission adherence are important for effective operational control interventions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40249-018-0483-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masceline Jenipher Mutsaka-Makuvaza
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.,National Institute of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Child Care, P.O. Box CY573, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Zvifadzo Matsena-Zingoni
- National Institute of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Child Care, P.O. Box CY573, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe.,Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 27 St Andrews' Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Cremance Tshuma
- Mashonaland Central Provincial Health Office, Ministry of health and Child Care, Bindura, Zimbabwe
| | - Sunanda Ray
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bonnie Webster
- Parasites and Vectors Division, National History Museum, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Midzi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.
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204
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Feng J, Zhang L, Huang F, Yin JH, Tu H, Xia ZG, Zhou SS, Xiao N, Zhou XN. Ready for malaria elimination: zero indigenous case reported in the People's Republic of China. Malar J 2018; 17:315. [PMID: 30157876 PMCID: PMC6116478 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria was once one of the most serious public health problems in China. However, the disease burden has sharply declined and epidemic areas have shrunk after the implementation of an integrated malaria control and elimination strategy, especially since 2000. In this review, the lessons were distilled from the Chinese national malaria elimination programme and further efforts to mitigate the challenges of malaria resurgence are being discussed. METHODS A retrospective evaluation was performed to assess the changes in malaria epidemic patterns from 1950 to 2017 at national level. The malaria data before 2004 were collected from paper-based annual reports. After 2004, each of the different cases from the Infectious Diseases Information Reporting Management System (IDIRMS) was closely examined and scrutinized. An additional documenting system, the National Information Management System for Malaria, established in 2012 to document the interventions of three parasitic diseases, was also examined to complete the missing data from IDIRMS. RESULTS From 1950 to 2017, the occurrence of indigenous malaria has been steeply reduced, and malaria-epidemic regions have substantially shrunk, especially after the launch of the national malaria elimination programme. There were approximately 30 million malaria cases annually before 1949 with a mortality rate of 1%. A total of 5999 indigenous cases were documented from 2010 to 2016, with a drastic reduction of 99% over the 6 years (2010, n = 4262; 2016, n = 3). There were indigenous cases reported in 303 counties from 18 provinces in 2010, but only 3 indigenous cases were reported in 2 provinces nationwide in 2016. While in 2017, for the first time, zero indigenous case was reported in China, and only 7 of imported cases were in individuals who died of Plasmodium falciparum infection. CONCLUSION Malaria elimination in China is a country-led and country-owned endeavour. The country-own efforts were a clear national elimination strategy, supported by two systems, namely a case-based surveillance and response system and reference laboratory system. The country-led efforts were regional and inter-sectoral collaboration as well as sustained monitoring and evaluation. However, there are still some challenges, such as the maintenance of non-transmission status, the implementation of a qualified verification and assessment system, and the management of imported cases in border areas, through regional cooperation. The findings from this review can probably help improving malaria surveillance systems in China, but also in other elimination countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Huang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hai Yin
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Tu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Gui Xia
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shui-Sen Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Xiao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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205
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Khatib RA, Chaki PP, Wang DQ, Mlacha YP, Mihayo MG, Gavana T, Xiao N, Zhou XN, Abdullah S. Epidemiological characterization of malaria in rural southern Tanzania following China-Tanzania pilot joint malaria control baseline survey. Malar J 2018; 17:292. [PMID: 30103755 PMCID: PMC6088395 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria is an important public health problem in Tanzania. The latest national malaria data suggests rebound of the disease in the country. Anopheles arabiensis, a mosquito species renowned for its resilience against existing malaria vector control measures has now outnumbered the endophagic and anthrophilic Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto as the dominant vector. Vector control measures, prophylaxis and case management with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) are the main control interventions. This paper presents and discusses the main findings from a baseline household survey that was conducted to determine malaria parasite prevalence and associated risk exposures prior to piloting the T3-initiative of World Health Organization integrated with Chinese malaria control experience aimed at additional reduction of malaria in the area. Methods The study was conducted from 4 sub-district divisions in Rufiji District, southern Tanzania: Ikwiriri, Kibiti, Bungu, and Chumbi. Malaria transmission is endemic in the area. It involved 2000 households that were randomly selected from a list of all households that had been registered from the area. Residents in sampled households were interviewed on a range of questions that included use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) the night prior to the interview and indicators of socio-economic status. Blood drops were also collected on blood slides that were examined for malaria parasites using microscopes. Results The study observed an average malaria parasite prevalence of 13% across the selected site. Its distribution was 5.6, 12.8, 16.7, and 18% from Ikwiriri, Kibiti, Bungu, and Chumbi wards, respectively. The corresponding LLIN use discovered were 57.5% over the district. The highest usage was observed from Ikwiriri at 69.6% and the lowest from Bungu at 46.3%. A statistically significant variation in parasitaemia between socio-economic quintiles was observed from the study. Males were more parasitaemic than females (p value = 0.000). Discussion and conclusion The findings have been discussed in the light of results from Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey-Malaria Indicator Survey, 2015–2016 and other related studies, together with goals and targets set for malaria control. The paper also discusses the observed parasitaemia in relation to reported LLIN use and its distribution by some important factors as they were explored from the study. It has been concluded that malaria burden is now concentrated on the fringes of the settlements where the poorest section of the population is concentrated and LLIN usage is lower than the national average and targets set by national and global malaria control initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid A Khatib
- Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, P.O. Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.
| | - Prosper P Chaki
- Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, P.O. Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Duo-Quan Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeromin P Mlacha
- Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, P.O. Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael G Mihayo
- Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, P.O. Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Tegemeo Gavana
- Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, P.O. Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Ning Xiao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Salim Abdullah
- Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, P.O. Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
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206
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Abstract
Schistosomiasis (bilharzia) is a neglected tropical disease caused by parasitic flatworms (blood flukes) of the genus Schistosoma, with considerable morbidity in parts of the Middle East, South America, Southeast Asia and, particularly, in sub-Saharan Africa. Infective larvae grow in an intermediate host (fresh-water snails) before penetrating the skin of the definitive human host. Mature adult worms reside in the mesenteric (Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum) or pelvic (Schistosoma haematobium) veins, where female worms lay eggs, which are secreted in stool or urine. Eggs trapped in the surrounding tissues and organs, such as the liver and bladder, cause inflammatory immune responses (including granulomas) that result in intestinal, hepato-splenic or urogenital disease. Diagnosis requires the detection of eggs in excreta or worm antigens in the serum, and sensitive, rapid, point-of-care tests for populations living in endemic areas are needed. The anti-schistosomal drug praziquantel is safe and efficacious against adult worms of all the six Schistosoma spp. infecting humans; however, it does not prevent reinfection and the emergence of drug resistance is a concern. Schistosomiasis elimination will require a multifaceted approach, including: treatment; snail control; information, education and communication; improved water, sanitation and hygiene; accurate diagnostics; and surveillance-response systems that are readily tailored to social-ecological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald P McManus
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - David W Dunne
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Moussa Sacko
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Research, Institut National de Recherche en Santé Publique, Bamako, Mali
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Birgitte J Vennervald
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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207
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Zhou X, Huang JL, Shen HM, Xu B, Chen JH, Zhou XN. Immunomics analysis of Babesia microti protein markers by high-throughput screening assay. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:1468-1474. [PMID: 30017725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Babesia microti is a protozoan considered to be a major etiological agent of emerging human babesiosis. It imposes an increasing public-health threat and can be overlooked because of low parasitemia or mixed infection with other pathogens. More sensitive and specific antigens are needed to improve the diagnosis of babesiosis. To screen the immune diagnostic antigens of B. microti, 204 sequences from homologue proteins between B. microti and B. bovis genome sequences in PiroplasmaDB were selected. The high throughput cloned and expressed B. microti proteins were screened with the sera from the BALB/c mice infected by B. microti using protein arrays. Ten (5.9%, 10/169) highly immunoreactive proteins were identified, and most (80%, 8/10) of these highly immunoreactive proteins had not been characterized before, making them potentially useful as candidate antigens for the development of diagnostic tools for babesiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- Medical School of Soochow University, No. 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ji-Lei Huang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Mo Shen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun-Hu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.
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208
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Xu B, Liu XF, Cai YC, Huang JL, Zhang RX, Chen JH, Cheng XJ, Zhou X, Xu XN, Zhou Y, Zhang T, Chen SB, Li J, Wu QF, Sun CS, Fu YF, Chen JX, Zhou XN, Hu W. Screening for biomarkers reflecting the progression of Babesia microti infection. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:379. [PMID: 29970143 PMCID: PMC6029176 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Babesiosis is caused by the invasion of erythrocytes by parasites of the Babesia spp. Babesia microti is one of the primary causative agents of human babesiosis. To better understand the status of the disease, discovering key biomarkers of the different infection stages is crucial. Results This study investigated B. microti infection in the mouse model from 0 to 270 days post-infection (dpi), using blood smears, PCR assays and ELISA. PCR assays showed a higher sensitivity when compared to microscopic examination. Specific IgG antibodies could be detected from 7 days to 270 dpi. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was combined with western blotting and mass spectrometric analysis to screen for specific reactive antigens during both the peak parasitaemia period (7 dpi) and IgG antibody response peak period (30 dpi) by the infected mice plasma. The 87 positive reactive proteins were identified and then expressed with the wheat germ cell-free system. Protein microarrays of all 87 targeted proteins were produced and hybridized with the serial plasma of infected mice model. Based on the antigen reaction profile during the infection procedure, 6 antigens were selected and expressed in Escherichia coli. Due to an early response to IgM, lower immunoreactivity levels of IgG after two months and higher immunoreactivity level IgG during nine months, four recombinant proteins were selected for further characterization, namely rBm2D97(CCF75281.1), rBm2D33(CCF74637.1), rBm2D41(CCF75408.1) and rBm7(CCF73510.1). The diagnostic efficacy of the four recombinant protein candidates was evaluated in a clinical setting using babesiosis patient plasma. The rBm2D33 showed the highest sensitivity with a positive rate of 62.5%. Additional characterization of the two candidate proteins using a mouse vaccination assay, demonstrated that rBm2D41 could reduce peak parasitaemia by 37.4%, indicating its efficacy in preventing severe babesiosis. Conclusions The detection technologies of microscopic examination, PCR assays and antibody tests showed different sensitivities and accuracy during the different stages of B. microti infection. Antibody detection has a unique significance for B. microti infection in the asymptomatic stages. Using immunoreactivity profiles, biomarkers for disease progression were identified and represent useful information for future the diagnosis and vaccine development for this serious disease of public health significance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2951-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Feng Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chun Cai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Lei Huang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun-Jia Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Nian Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen-Bo Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun-Feng Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Song Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Feng Fu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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209
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Lv S, Guo YH, Nguyen HM, Sinuon M, Sayasone S, Lo NC, Zhou XN, Andrews JR. Invasive Pomacea snails as important intermediate hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam: Implications for outbreaks of eosinophilic meningitis. Acta Trop 2018; 183:32-35. [PMID: 29574000 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis causes human eosinophilic meningitis and it is endemic in Southeast Asia, but little is known about its distribution in Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. We conducted a multi-country survey for A. cantonensis in these countries to estimate its prevalence in snails along the Mekong River and the east coast of Vietnam. We identified Angiostrongylus species by morphological and molecular analysis. We found A. cantonensis in the invasive snail, Pomacea spp. The wide accessibility of Pomacea snails, along with their infection by A. cantonensis, indicates that this snail species could be used in surveillance for preventing outbreaks of eosinophilic meningitis.
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210
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Li LH, Zhang Y, Zhu D, Zhou XN. Endosymbionts Alter Larva-to-Nymph Transstadial Transmission of Babesia microti in Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides Ticks. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1415. [PMID: 30013530 PMCID: PMC6036257 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternally inherited endosymbionts inhabit a variety of arthropods. Some of them can protect the arthropod host against a wide range of pathogens. However, very little is known about the association between endosymbionts and pathogen susceptibility in ticks. The present study investigated the effect of endosymbionts on larva-to-nymph transstadial transmission of Babesia microti by Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides ticks. Engorged female ticks were injected with PBS, ciprofloxacin or kanamycin. The offspring larvae were used to infest B. microti-positive mice. Prevalence of B. microti among the nymphs in different treatment groups and its association with endosymbiont density in the larvae were analyzed. The results showed that the prevalence of B. microti in the kanamycin-treated group (63.9%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 52.8–75.0%) was higher than that in the PBS (23.6%, 95% CI: 13.8–33.4%) or ciprofloxacin-treated (25.0%, 95% CI: 15.0–35.0%) groups. This increased prevalence was associated with reduced density of Coxiella-like endosymbiont but was not related to the density of Rickettsia-like endosymbiont. No direct evidence has previously been reported about the impact of Coxiella-like endosymbiont on pathogen susceptibility in ticks. This study reveals that endosymbionts are potentially important defensive symbionts of R. haemaphysaloides which may influence the colonization or susceptibility of B. microti in the tick host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Hua Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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211
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Gao CH, Wang JY, Shi F, Steverding D, Wang X, Yang YT, Zhou XN. Field evaluation of an immunochromatographic test for diagnosis of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:311. [PMID: 29792228 PMCID: PMC5966859 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2896-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The larval stages of the tapeworms Echinocoocus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis are the causative agents of human cystic echinococcosis (CE) and human alveolar echinococcosis (AE), respectively. Both CE and AE are chronic diseases characterised by long asymptomatic periods of many years. However, early diagnosis of the disease is important if treatment and management of echinococcosis patients are to be successful. Methods A previously developed rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for the differential detection of CE and AE was evaluated under field conditions with finger prick blood samples taken from 1502 people living in the Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China, a region with a high prevalence for both forms of human echinococcosis. The results were compared with simultaneously obtained abdominal ultrasonographic scans of the individuals. Results Using the ultrasonography as the gold standard, sensitivity and specificity, and the diagnostic accuracy of the RDT were determined to be greater than 94% for both CE and AE. For CE cases, high detection rates (95.6–98.8%) were found with patients having active cysts while lower detection rates (40.0–68.8%) were obtained with patients having transient or inactive cysts. In contrast, detection rates in AE patients were independent of the lesion type. The positive likelihood ratio of the RDT for CE and AE was greater than 20 and thus fairly high, indicating that a patient with a positive test result has a high probability of having echinococcosis. Conclusions The results suggest that our previously developed RDT is suitable as a screening tool for the early detection of human echinococcosis in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Gao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Yun Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.
| | - Feng Shi
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Dietmar Steverding
- Bob Champion Research & Education Building, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| | - Xia Wang
- Bob Champion Research & Education Building, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Yue-Tao Yang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
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212
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Liu Q, Chen XL, Chen MX, Xie HG, Liu Q, Chen ZY, Lin YY, Zheng H, Chen JX, Zhang Y, Zhou XN. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection in a Chinese traveler returning from the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania. Infect Dis Poverty 2018; 7:50. [PMID: 29779491 PMCID: PMC5961482 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-018-0432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is one of the most complex parasitic diseases known to humankind. It usually occurs in endemic areas in Africa, but is occasionally detected in returning travelers and migrants in non-endemic countries. CASE PRESENTATION In August 2017, a case of HAT was diagnosed in China in a traveler returning from the Masai Mara area in Kenya and the Serengeti area in Tanzania. The traveler visited Africa from 23 July to 5 August, 2017. Upon return to China, she developed a fever (on 8 August), and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection was confirmed by laboratory tests (on 14 August) including observation of parasites in blood films and by polymerase chain reaction. She was treated with pentamidine followed by suramin, and recovered 1 month later. CONCLUSIONS This is the first imported rhodesiense HAT case reported in China. This case alerts clinical and public health workers to be aware of HAT in travelers, and expatriates and migrants who have visited at-risk areas in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Xiao-Ling Chen
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mu-Xin Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Han-Guo Xie
- Fujian Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Yun Chen
- Fujian Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao-Ying Lin
- Fujian Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Zheng
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025 China
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213
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Zhang SX, Zhou YM, Tian LG, Chen JX, Tinoco-Torres R, Serrano E, Li SZ, Chen SH, Ai L, Chen JH, Xia S, Lu Y, Lv S, Teng XJ, Xu W, Gu WP, Gong ST, Zhou XN, Geng LL, Hu W. Antibiotic resistance and molecular characterization of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and non-typhoidal Salmonella strains isolated from infections in Southwest China. Infect Dis Poverty 2018; 7:53. [PMID: 29792233 PMCID: PMC5964730 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-018-0427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial diarrhea is one of the most common causes for medical consultations, mortality and morbidity in the world. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) and non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are major intestinal pathogens in developing countries, and the indiscriminate use of antibiotics has greatly contributed to resistant strains. Hence, the aim of the present study is to identify the antimicrobial resistance patterns and the molecular characteristics of DEC and NTS in southwest, China. METHODS 1121 diarrheal patients and 319 non-diarrheal subjects across all age groups were recruited from four sentinel hospitals from June 2014 to July 2015 in Kunming City, Yunnan Province. Each stool specimen was collected to detect DEC and NTS with standard microbiological and molecular methods. Antimicrobial resistance testing was performed with the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, and the standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing complied with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Molecular characterization of strains was carried out using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A structured questionnaire was used to record basic epidemiological data (e.g. sex, age, residence, season, etc.). Data were analyzed using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS DEC was detected in 127 (11.33%) diarrhea cases and 9 (2.82%) non-diarrheal cases (χ2 = 20.69, P < 0.001, OR = 4.36, 95% CI: 2.19-8.65), and the prevalence of NTS isolated from diarrhea cases was higher than that of non-diarrheal cases across all age groups (n = 42, 3.75%, n = 1, 0.31%, χ2 = 10.10, P = 0.002, OR = 12.38, 95% CI: 1.70-90.29). The rates of resistance to ten antibiotics of DEC and NTS showed significant differences (χ 2 = 386.77, P < 0.001; χ2 = 191.16, P < 0.001). The rates of resistance to Amoxicillin and Clavulafiate (AMC), Cephalothin (CEP), Gentamicin (GEN) and Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (SXT) of DEC isolated from diarrhea cases were higher than those of NTS isolated from diarrhea patients (37.01% vs 14.29%, χ2 = 7.57, P = 0.006; 29.92% vs 11.90%, χ2 = 5.40, P = 0.02; 37.01% vs 11.90%, χ2 = 5.80, P = 0.016; 62.20% vs 26.19%, χ2 = 16.44, P < 0.001; respectively). Ciprofloxacin (CIP) was the most sensitive antibiotic for DEC and NTS strains isolated from diarrhea cases. Resistance rates of DEC isolates from cases and controls to more than three kinds antimicrobials (multidrug resistance, MDR) showed no significant differences (81.10% vs 88.89%, P = 0.33). Pulsotype patterns of DEC strains were highly diverse; however, the pulsotype pattern of NTS strains was closely related to the serotype. The pattern of S. enteritidis was highly similar, but the S. enterica Typhimurium strain was discrete. CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic resistance of Enterobacteriaceae is of great concern. The societal effects of antibiotic use justify strict monitoring to combat increases in antimicrobial resistance. Molecular epidemiology and systematic epidemiological investigation can provide accurate evidence for tracking the infection source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Xian Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ming Zhou
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Guang Tian
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Rita Tinoco-Torres
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Emmanuel Serrano
- Wildlife Ecology and Health group and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Shi-Zhu Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Hong Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Ai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang Xia
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Lv
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Jiao Teng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Xu
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Peng Gu
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Tang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lan-Lan Geng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Hu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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214
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Abe EM, Guan W, Guo YH, Kassegne K, Qin ZQ, Xu J, Chen JH, Ekpo UF, Li SZ, Zhou XN. Differentiating snail intermediate hosts of Schistosoma spp. using molecular approaches: fundamental to successful integrated control mechanism in Africa. Infect Dis Poverty 2018; 7:29. [PMID: 29615124 PMCID: PMC5883423 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-018-0401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Snail intermediate hosts play active roles in the transmission of snail-borne trematode infections in Africa. A good knowledge of snail-borne diseases epidemiology particularly snail intermediate host populations would provide the necessary impetus to complementing existing control strategy. Main body This review highlights the importance of molecular approaches in differentiating snail hosts population structure and the need to provide adequate information on snail host populations by updating snail hosts genome database for Africa, in order to equip different stakeholders with adequate information on the ecology of snail intermediate hosts and their roles in the transmission of different diseases. Also, we identify the gaps and areas where there is need for urgent intervention to facilitate effective integrated control of schistosomiasis and other snail-borne trematode infections. Conclusions Prioritizing snail studies, especially snail differentiation using molecular tools will boost disease surveillance and also enhance efficient schistosomaisis control programme in Africa. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40249-018-0401-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eniola Michael Abe
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH ; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200020, China.
| | - Wei Guan
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH ; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200020, China
| | - Yun-Hai Guo
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH ; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200020, China
| | - Kokouvi Kassegne
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH ; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200020, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Qin
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH ; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200020, China
| | - Jing Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH ; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200020, China
| | - Jun-Hu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH ; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200020, China
| | - Uwem Friday Ekpo
- Department of Pure & Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Shi-Zhu Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH ; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200020, China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH ; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200020, China
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215
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Qian MB, Zhou XN. Clonorchiasis or Paragonimiasis? Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:629-630. [PMID: 29483404 PMCID: PMC5850686 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.226078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Men-Bao Qian
- Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Health; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Health; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China
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216
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Zhou XN, Qian MB, Priotto G, Franco JR, Guo JG. Tackling imported tropical diseases in China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:12. [PMID: 29410397 PMCID: PMC5837161 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Nong Zhou
- Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Men-Bao Qian
- Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Gerardo Priotto
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - José Ramón Franco
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Jia-Gang Guo
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
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217
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Li HM, Qian MB, Yang YC, Jiang ZH, Wei K, Chen JX, Chen JH, Chen YD, Zhou XN. Performance evaluation of existing immunoassays for Clonorchis sinensis infection in China. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:35. [PMID: 29334990 PMCID: PMC5769360 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clonorchiasis ranks among the most important food-borne parasitic diseases in China. However, due to low compliance to traditional fecal examination techniques in the general population and medical personnel, immunodiagnosis is expected. This study evaluated, in parallel, the performance of four immunodiagnostic kits detecting clonorchiasis in China. RESULTS A bank with 475 sera was established in this study. Except for the low performance of the kit detecting IgM, the other three kits detecting IgG showed sensitivities ranging from 81.51% (194/238) to 99.16% (236/238). Higher sensitivity was presented in heavy infection intensity [89.47% (68/76) to 100% (76/76)]. Among the four kits, the overall specificity varied from 73.42% (174/237) to 87.34% (207/237). It was observed that the specificity was lower in the sera of the participants living in clonorchiasis-endemic areas but without any parasite infection [67.5% (81/120) to 90% (108/120)], as compared to those from the non-endemic area [94% (47/50) to 98% (49/50)]. The cross-reaction rate varied from 14.93% (10/67) to 31.34% (21/67). Youden's index was -0.022, 0.689, 0.726, and 0.802 for kits T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Repeatability was high in all four kits. CONCLUSIONS Three immunodiagnosis kits targeting IgG antibody had high performance on detecting chronic Clonorchis sinensis infection, but that detecting IgM antibody had not. The kits detecting IgG antibody also showed high sensitivity in heavy infection intensity. Research on immunological diagnosis of clonorchiasis is expected to be strengthened to improve the sensitivity in light infection and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Men-Bao Qian
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Chao Yang
- Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hua Jiang
- Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Kang Wei
- Hengxian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hengxian, Nanning, Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Dan Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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218
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Qian MB, Abela-Ridder B, Wu WP, Zhou XN. Combating echinococcosis in China: strengthening the research and development. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:161. [PMID: 29157312 PMCID: PMC5697071 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a neglected zoonotic disease, causing great morbidity and mortality due to the wide distribution of its endemic areas. China holds a high percentage in the global burden of both cystic and alveolar echinococcosis. A national survey conducted between 2012 and 2016 showed that an estimated 50 million people are at risk of contracting the disease in western China, of whom about 0.17 million are cases with echinococcosis. Despite this, research and development on echinococcosis in China is greatly inadequate compared to that in other countries. In this paper, we argue that there is a need for more research and work to be conducted in China on echinococcosis, including researching techniques in regards to diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination, and developing products through technical transformation and piloting strategies to control and even elimination. However, great opportunities exist for China to strengthen the research and development on this disease through initiatives such as Health China 2030, the Belt and Road Initiative, the China-Africa cooperation, as well as through further cooperation between China and the World Health Organization. All of these can bring us closer to controlling echinococcosis in China as well as in other countries. One element of crucial importance will be the training and development of professionals, which can be strengthened through international cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Men-Bao Qian
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Bernadette Abela-Ridder
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wei-Ping Wu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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219
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Bergquist R, Zhou XN, Rollinson D, Reinhard-Rupp J, Klohe K. Elimination of schistosomiasis: the tools required. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:158. [PMID: 29151362 PMCID: PMC5694902 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Historically, the target in the schistosomiasis control has shifted from infection to morbidity, then back to infection, but now as a public health problem, before moving on to transmission control. Currently, all endemic countries are encouraged to increase control efforts and move towards elimination as required by the World Health Organization (WHO) roadmap for the global control of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) and the WHA65.21 resolution issued by the World Health Assembly. However, schistosomiasis prevalence is still alarmingly high and the global number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to this infection has in fact increased due to inclusion of some ‘subtle’ clinical symptoms not previously counted. Main body There is a need to restart and improve efforts to reach the elimination goal. To that end, the first conference of the Global Schistosomiasis Alliance (GSA) Research Working Group was held in mid-June 2016 in Shanghai, People’s Republic of China. It reviewed current progress in schistosomiasis control and elimination, identified pressing operational research gaps that need to be addressed and discussed new tools and strategies required to make elimination a reality. The articles emanating from the lectures and discussions during this meeting, together with some additional invited papers, have been collected as a special issue of the ‘Infectious Diseases of Poverty’ entitled ‘Schistosomiasis Research: Providing the Tools Needed for Elimination’, consisting of 26 papers in all. This paper refers to these papers and discusses critical questions arising at the conference related to elimination of schistosomiasis. Conclusion The currently most burning questions are the following: Can schistosomiasis be eliminated? Does it require better, more highly sensitive diagnostics? What is the role of preventive chemotherapy at the elimination stage? Is praziquantel sufficient or do we need new drugs? Contemplating these questions, it is felt that the heterogeneity of the endemic areas in the world requires WHO policies to be upgraded instituting new, differentiated guidelines. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: 10.1186/s40249-017-0370-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - David Rollinson
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | | | - Katharina Klohe
- Global Schistosomiasis Alliance, Westenriederstrasse 10, 80331, Munich, Germany
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220
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Huang F, Takala-Harrison S, Liu H, Xu JW, Yang HL, Adams M, Shrestha B, Mbambo G, Rybock D, Zhou SS, Xia ZG, Zhou XN, Plowe CV, Nyunt MM. Prevalence of Clinical and Subclinical Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Two Remote Rural Communities on the Myanmar-China Border. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:1524-1531. [PMID: 29016341 PMCID: PMC5817756 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria infections may be symptomatic, leading to treatment, or “asymptomatic,” typically detected through active surveillance, and not leading to treatment. Malaria elimination may require purging both types of infection. Using detection methods with different sensitivities, we conducted a cross-sectional study in two rural communities located along the border between China’s Yunnan Province and Myanmar’s Shan and Kachin States, to estimate the prevalence of asymptomatic and symptomatic malaria. In Mong Pawk, all infections detected were asymptomatic, and the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum was 0.3%, 4.3%, 4.0%, and 7.8% by light microscopy, rapid diagnostic test (RDT), conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR), and multiplexed real-time PCR (RT-PCR), respectively, and Plasmodium vivax prevalence was 0% by all detection methods. In Laiza, of 385 asymptomatic participants, 2.3%, 4.4%, and 12.2% were positive for P. vivax by microscopy, cPCR, and RT-PCR, respectively, and 2.3% were P. falciparum-positive only by RT-PCR. Of 34 symptomatic participants in Laiza, 32.4% were P. vivax-positive by all detection methods. Factors associated with infection included gender (males higher than females, P = 0.014), and young age group (5–17 age group compared with others, P = 0.0024). Although the sensitivity of microscopy was adequate to detect symptomatic infections, it missed the vast majority (86.5%) of asymptomatic infections. Although molecular detection methods had no advantage over standard microscopy or RDT diagnosis for clinically apparent infections, malaria elimination along the Myanmar–China border will likely require highly sensitive surveillance tools to identify asymptomatic infections and guide targeted screen-and-treat interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- Division of Malaria Research, Institute for Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Shannon Takala-Harrison
- Division of Malaria Research, Institute for Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hui Liu
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Pu'er, China
| | - Jian-Wei Xu
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Pu'er, China
| | - Heng-Lin Yang
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Pu'er, China
| | - Matthew Adams
- Division of Malaria Research, Institute for Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Biraj Shrestha
- Division of Malaria Research, Institute for Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gillian Mbambo
- Division of Malaria Research, Institute for Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Demian Rybock
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Shui-Sen Zhou
- Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, China.,National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Gui Xia
- Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, China.,National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, China.,National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Christopher V Plowe
- Division of Malaria Research, Institute for Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Myaing M Nyunt
- Division of Malaria Research, Institute for Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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221
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Kassegne K, Zhang T, Chen SB, Xu B, Dang ZS, Deng WP, Abe EM, Shen HM, Hu W, Guyo TG, Nwaka S, Chen JH, Zhou XN. Study roadmap for high-throughput development of easy to use and affordable biomarkers as diagnostics for tropical diseases: a focus on malaria and schistosomiasis. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:130. [PMID: 28965490 PMCID: PMC5623970 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventions are currently being used against 'infectious diseases of poverty', which remain highly debilitating and deadly in most endemic countries, especially malaria, schistosomiasis, echinococcosis and African sleeping sickness. However, major limitations of current 'traditional' methods for diagnosis are neither simple nor convenient for population surveillance, and showed low sensitivity and specificity. Access to novel technologies for the development of adequate and reliable tools are expressly needed. A collaborative project between African Network for Drugs and Diagnostics Innovation and partner institutions in Africa and China aims to screen suitable serological biomarkers for diagnostic pipelines against these 'diseases of the poor'. METHODS Parasite-specific exposed versus unexposed individuals were screened and sera or urine/stools were collected through case-control studies in China and African countries. Target genes/open reading frames were selected, then will be cloned and cell-free expressed, quantified and immuno-detected. Target antigens/epitopes will be probed and screened with sera from exposed or unexposed individuals using a high-throughput antigen screening platform as the study progresses. The specificity and sensitivity of highly immunoreactive biomarkers will be evaluated as well, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays or dipsticks. DISCUSSION This roadmap explicitly unfolds the integrated operating procedures with focus on malaria and schistosomiasis, for the identification of suitable biomarkers that will aid the prioritization of diagnostics for population use. However, there is need to further validate any new diagnostic through comparison with standard methods in field deployable tests for each region. Our expectations for the future are to seek regulatory approval and promote the use of diagnostics in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kokouvi Kassegne
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases (NIPD), Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases (NIPD), Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shen-Bo Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases (NIPD), Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases (NIPD), Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Dang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases (NIPD), Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wang-Ping Deng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases (NIPD), Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Eniola Michael Abe
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases (NIPD), Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Mo Shen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases (NIPD), Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Hu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases (NIPD), Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
| | - Takele Geressu Guyo
- African Network for Drugs & Diagnostics Innovation (ANDI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Nwaka
- African Network for Drugs & Diagnostics Innovation (ANDI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jun-Hu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases (NIPD), Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases (NIPD), Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
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222
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Zhou X, Tambo E, Su J, Fang Q, Ruan W, Chen JH, Yin MB, Zhou XN. Genetic Diversity and Natural Selection in 42 kDa Region of Plasmodium vivax Merozoite Surface Protein-1 from China-Myanmar Endemic Border. Korean J Parasitol 2017; 55:473-480. [PMID: 29103262 PMCID: PMC5678462 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2017.55.5.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-1 (PvMSP1) gene codes for a major malaria vaccine candidate antigen. However, its polymorphic nature represents an obstacle to the design of a protective vaccine. In this study, we analyzed the genetic polymorphism and natural selection of the C-terminal 42 kDa fragment within PvMSP1 gene (Pv MSP142) from 77 P. vivax isolates, collected from imported cases of China-Myanmar border (CMB) areas in Yunnan province and the inland cases from Anhui, Yunnan, and Zhejiang province in China during 2009-2012. Totally, 41 haplotypes were identified and 30 of them were new haplotypes. The differences between the rates of non-synonymous and synonymous mutations suggest that PvMSP142 has evolved under natural selection, and a high selective pressure preferentially acted on regions identified of PvMSP133. Our results also demonstrated that PvMSP142 of P. vivax isolates collected on China-Myanmar border areas display higher genetic polymorphisms than those collected from inland of China. Such results have significant implications for understanding the dynamic of the P. vivax population and may be useful information towards China malaria elimination campaign strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Ernest Tambo
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangté BP208, Cameroon
| | - Jing Su
- School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Fang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ruan
- Department of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Hu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Bo Yin
- School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
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Abstract
Rat lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, is one major cause of human eosinophilic meningitis. This helminth is endemic in Southeast Asia, Pacific Islands, and the Caribbean and has recently expanded to South America. The infection is characterized by an elevated eosinophil count in cerebrospinal fluid. Common symptoms and signs include headache, neck stiffness, paresthesia and nausea/vomiting. The unique history of eating freshwater and land snails or slugs within 2 weeks before onset is helpful for diagnosis. Antihelminthic agents have not shown efficacy in human infection; treatment involves supportive care with management of inflammation and intracranial pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lv
- National
Institute of Parasitic Diseases, China CDC, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5101, United States
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National
Institute of Parasitic Diseases, China CDC, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Jason R. Andrews
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5101, United States
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224
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Jiang B, Zhou XN, Zhang HB, Tao Y, Huo LL, Liu N. Slow-release praziquantel for dogs: presentation of a new formulation for echinococcosis control. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:140. [PMID: 28911334 PMCID: PMC5599885 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echinococcosis is a serious, zoonotic, parasitic disease with worldwide distribution. According to a epidemiological survey in 2012 in China, there are 20,000 infected patients and more than 50 million people at the risk. As the dog is the main, definitive host, the Government of China encourages monthly praziquantel treatment of every dog. However, this is difficult to achieve in geographically challenging areas, such as the Tibetan plateau, where there are also many dogs without owners. To overcome these problems, we investigated the transmission blocking capacity of a slow-release formulation of praziquantel administered by subcutaneous injection. METHODS The impact of a slow-release preparation of two pharmacokinetically stereoselective praziquantel enantiomers, i.e., R-(-)-praziquantel (R-PZQ) and S-(+)-praziquantel (S-PZQ) absorbed into a biodegradable polymer was studied in beagle dogs (N = 6). The preparation was given by subcutaneous injection using a single dose of 100 mg/kg. Chiral-selective, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) were applied to measure the praziquantel enantiomers in the plasma of the dogs. The lower limit for estimating plasma concentrations accurately for R-PZQ was 4 ng/ml and for S-PZQ 20 ng/ml. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by a noncompartmental analysis model using Drug Analyze System (DAS) software 2.0. The SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and the statistical comparison between enantiomers was assessed using the two-tailed t-test. RESULTS Two hours after administration, peak concentrations of R-PZQ and S-PZQ: 321 ± 26 and 719 ± 263 ng/ml, respectively, were achieved. After 180 days, the average plasma concentration of R-PZQ in the six dogs had decreased to 13 ng/ml. The average concentration value of S-PZQ was higher than that of R-PZQ in the first 90-day period but fell afterwards and could not be accurately estimated when dropping below 20 ng/ml (the lower methodological limit for this enantiomer). Taking all the dogs into account, the average maximum concentration (Cmax) of S-PZQ in plasma over the first 3 months was higher than that of R-PZQ by 114.0% (P < 0.05), while the average mean retention time (MRT) of R-PZQ in plasma was higher than that of S-PZQ by 96.3% (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Praziquantel given as an in situ slow-release formulation by subcutaneous injection resulted in concentrations of the active principle in beagle dogs, which should be capable of resisting new Echinococcus infections for at least 6 months. The new formulation of praziquantel represents a potential, alternative way of presenting medication against tapeworm infections in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- National institute of parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National institute of parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Hao-Bing Zhang
- National institute of parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Yi Tao
- National institute of parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Le-Le Huo
- National institute of parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Ni Liu
- National institute of parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
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225
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Abstract
The transmission of infectious diseases is a dynamic process determined by multiple factors originating from disease pathogens and/or parasites, vector species, and human populations. These factors interact with each other and demonstrate the intrinsic mechanisms of the disease transmission temporally, spatially, and socially. In this article, we provide a comprehensive perspective, named as systems thinking, for investigating disease dynamics and associated impact factors, by means of emphasizing the entirety of a system’s components and the complexity of their interrelated behaviors. We further develop the general steps for performing systems approach to tackling infectious diseases in the real-world settings, so as to expand our abilities to understand, predict, and mitigate infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Xia
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,CDC-NIPD & HKBU-CSD Joint Research Laboratory for Intelligent Disease Surveillance and Control, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,CDC-NIPD & HKBU-CSD Joint Research Laboratory for Intelligent Disease Surveillance and Control, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiming Liu
- Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong. .,CDC-NIPD & HKBU-CSD Joint Research Laboratory for Intelligent Disease Surveillance and Control, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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226
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Zheng CJ, Xue CZ, Wu WP, Zhou XN. [Epidemiological characteristics of Kala-azar disease in China, during 2005-2015]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2017; 38:431-434. [PMID: 28468057 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the epidemiological characteristics of Kala-azar disease in China from 2005 to 2015, to provide evidence for the development of related control and measurement strategies. Methods: Data was obtained from Disease Reporting Information System of China CDC, to compare factors on type, distribution, peak season and the age of onset of the cases. Results: Epidemic of Kala-azar had been persistent in China. Number of the reported cases declined in Sichuan and Gansu provinces but two outbreaks had occurred in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. The epidemic was confined in few areas. The reported cases were mainly from Xinjiang, Gansu and Sichuan, with the total cases in these three provinces accounted for 95.29% of all the cases seen in the country. The main peak season was from October to November, followed by April. There were significant differences seen in the age distributions of canine Kala-azar, anthroponotic Kala-azar and wildlife-oriented Kala-azar (P<0.05) cases. Majority of the cases involved under 3-year-olds, with peak age in under 1-year-olds for wildlife-oriented Kala-azar. For anthroponotic and canine Kala-azar cases, most of them were seen among the under 10 years old, with the peak among the 5-year-olds. Conclusions: In recent years,Kala-azar had been seen endemic and persistent, in the mid-west regions of China, but with different epidemiological characteristics. Further study on Kala-azar should be carried on to include appropriate measurements and strategies, according to the features of the disease, in the mid-western areas of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Zheng
- Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - C Z Xue
- Filariasis, Kala-azar and Echinococcosis Department, National Institution for Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - W P Wu
- Filariasis, Kala-azar and Echinococcosis Department, National Institution for Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - X N Zhou
- Filariasis, Kala-azar and Echinococcosis Department, National Institution for Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China
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227
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Lv S, Zhang Y, Steinmann P, Utzinger J, Zhou XN. The genetic variation of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the People's Republic of China. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:125. [PMID: 28859686 PMCID: PMC5579933 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0341-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The People’s Republic of China (P.R. China) is the presumptive home range of the rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis, a major aetiological agent of human eosinophilic meningitis. We present a study of the genetic variation of A. cantonensis in P.R. China. Our aim was to deepen the current knowledge pertaining to its origin and global spread from a molecular perspective. Methods Adult A. cantonensis were collected in the frame of a national survey and identified based on morphological criteria. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to amplify the target DNA sequences (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS)). The PCR product of cox1 was directly submitted to sequencing, while clone sequencing was used for nad1 and ITS. The identity of the samples was verified by comparing the sequences to those of accepted A. cantonensis specimens. The specific composition of substitutions in each gene was analysed, and the genotypes were compared based on the complete cox1, nad1 and ITS genes. Results We characterised the complete mitochondrial genes cox1 and nad1 of 130 specimens and obtained 357 nuclear sequences containing two complete ITS (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8S rRNA of the same samples. All specimens were genetically confirmed as A. cantonensis. Two major groups (i.e. I and II) were identified according to the phylogeny of cox1 sequences. Group I could be further categorised into six distinct clades. Almost half of the specimens (47.7%) belong to the clade Ia and 22.3% to the group II. The former was widely distributed across the study region. A variable number of repeat units in three microsatellites was observed, resulting in considerable length variation in ITS. Intragenomic variation of ITS sequences was found in a large proportion of the samples. Genotyping showed a striking difference between mitochondrial DNA and ITS. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that A. cantonensis is the only rat lungworm species in P.R. China and shows high genetic diversity. Results of diversity and genotyping of A. cantonensis can be impacted by the sequencing strategy and biomarker. Although ITS may be a valuable marker for interspecific identification, it is not suitable for studying the intraspecific variation of A. cantonensis due to its high intragenomic variation and current challenges for direct sequencing. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-017-0341-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lv
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Steinmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
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228
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Li SZ, Qian MB, Zhang LJ, Zhou XN. Changing trends of neglected tropical diseases in China. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2017; 17:901. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(17)30452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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229
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Liu Q, Guo YH, Zhang Y, Zhou ZB, Zhang LL, Zhu D, Zhou XN. First records of Triatoma rubrofasciata (De Geer, 1773) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) in Foshan, Guangdong Province, Southern China. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:129. [PMID: 28807005 PMCID: PMC5557067 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triatomines, also known as kissing bugs, which are found throughout the world and especially in Latin America, are well known natural vectors that transmit American trypanosomiasis, also called Chagas disease. In China, the presence of two species of Triatoma (Triatoma rubrofasciata and T. sinica) was recorded in the past. Due to the growing population and the increasing risk of the global spread of Chagas disease, triatomines became a potential public health nuisance, and in 2016, we started monitoring triatomine activities in southern China. Methods Triatomine specimens were collected by the National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and identified by their morphological characteristics under a dissecting microscope. In addition to morphological analysis, the genomic DNA of the specimens was extracted, and the mitochondrial 16S rRNA, the cytochrome b (CytB) gene and the nuclear ribosomal 28S rRNA gene were PCR-amplified to analyze and confirm the species genetically. Results One female adult insect and one male adult insect were collected in a dwelling in the rural area of Shunde County, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China (22°42′44.63″N, 113°08′45.34″E). The results from the morphological and genetic analyses indicated that these triatomines were T. rubrofasciata. Conclusions This is the first time that the occurrence of T. rubrofasciata has been confirmed in Foshan City, Guangdong Province in southern China. Further studies are needed to reach a clearer understanding of the ecology of this species of triatomine, since it has been found to be naturally infected by Trypanosoma cruzi and T. conorhini and there is evidence of its domiciliation capabilities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-017-0342-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Hai Guo
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Bin Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Liang Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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230
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Shi B, Zheng J, Qiu H, Yang GJ, Xia S, Zhou XN. Risk assessment of malaria transmission at the border area of China and Myanmar. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:108. [PMID: 28679420 PMCID: PMC5499046 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In order to achieve the goal of malaria elimination, the Chinese government launched the National Malaria Elimination Programme in 2010. However, as a result of increasing cross-border population movements, the risk of imported malaria cases still exists at the border areas of China, resulting in a potential threat of local transmission. The focus of this paper is to assess the Plasmodium vivax incidences in Tengchong, Yunnan Province, at the border areas of China and Myanmar. Methods Time series of P. vivax incidences in Tengchong from 2006 to 2010 are collected from the web-based China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, which are further separated into time series of imported and local cases. First, the seasonal and trend decomposition are performed on time series of imported cases using Loess method. Then, the impact of climatic factors on the local transmission of P. vivax is assessed using both linear regression models (LRM) and generalized additive models (GAM). Specifically, the notion of vectorial capacity (VCAP) is used to estimate the transmission potential of P. vivax at different locations, which is calculated based on temperature and rainfall collected from China Meteorological Administration. Results Comparing with Ruili County, the seasonal pattern of imported cases in Tengchong is different: Tengchong has only one peak, while Ruili has two peaks during each year. This may be due to the different cross-border behaviors of peoples in two locations. The vectorial capacity together with the imported cases and the average humidity, can well explain the local incidences of P. vivax through both LRM and GAM methods. Moreover, the maximum daily temperature is verified to be more suitable to calculate VCAP than the minimal and average temperature in Tengchong County. Conclusion To achieve malaria elimination in China, the assessment results in this paper will provide further guidance in active surveillance and control of malaria at the border areas of China and Myanmar. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-017-0322-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyun Shi
- School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Jinxin Zheng
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, China
| | - Hongjun Qiu
- School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Guo-Jing Yang
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, China.
| | - Shang Xia
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
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231
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Abstract
Implementing national to community-based "One Health" strategy for human, animal and environmental challenges and migrating-led consequences offer great opportunities, and its value of sustained development and wellbeing is an imperative. "One Health" strategy in policy commitment, partnership and financial investment are much needed in advocacy, contextual health human-animal and environmental development. Therefore, appropriate and evidence-based handling and management strategies in moving forward universal health coverage and sustainable development goals (SDGs) are essential components to the China-Africa health development initiatives. It is necessary to understand how to strengthen robust and sustainable "One Health" approach implementation in national and regional public health and disaster risk reduction programs. Understanding the foundation of "One Health" strategy in China-Africa public health cooperation is crucial in fostering health systems preparedness and smart response against emerging and re-emerging threats and epidemics. Building the value of China-Africa "One Health" strategy partnerships, frameworks and capacity development and implementation through leveraging on current and innovative China-Africa health initiatives, but also, mobilizing efforts on climatic changes and disasters mitigation and lifestyle adaptations strategies against emerging and current infectious diseases threats are essential to establish epidemic surveillance-response system under the concept of global collaborative coordination and lasting financing mechanisms. Further strengthen local infrastructure and workforce capacity, participatory accountability and transparency on "One Health" approach will benefit to set up infectious diseases of poverty projects, and effective monitoring and evaluation systems in achieving African Union 2063 Agenda and SDGs targets both in Africa and China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Tambo
- Department Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameroon
- Africa Disease Intelligence and Surveillance, Communication and Response (Africa DISCoR) Foundation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Shenglan Tang
- Global Health Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan 215316, China
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, USA
| | - Lin Ai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Disease, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Disease, Shanghai 200025, China
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232
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Lai S, Li Z, Wardrop NA, Sun J, Head MG, Huang Z, Zhou S, Yu J, Zhang Z, Zhou SS, Xia Z, Wang R, Zheng B, Ruan Y, Zhang L, Zhou XN, Tatem AJ, Yu H. Malaria in China, 2011-2015: an observational study. Bull World Health Organ 2017; 95:564-573. [PMID: 28804168 PMCID: PMC5537755 DOI: 10.2471/blt.17.191668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To ascertain the trends and burden of malaria in China and the costs of interventions for 2011–2015. Methods We analysed the spatiotemporal and demographic features of locally transmitted and imported malaria cases using disaggregated surveillance data on malaria from 2011 to 2015, covering the range of dominant malaria vectors in China. The total and mean costs for malaria elimination were calculated by funding sources, interventions and population at risk. Findings A total of 17 745 malaria cases, including 123 deaths (0.7%), were reported in mainland China, with 15 840 (89%) being imported cases, mainly from Africa and south-east Asia. Almost all counties of China (2855/2858) had achieved their elimination goals by 2015, and locally transmitted cases dropped from 1469 cases in 2011 to 43 cases in 2015, mainly occurring in the regions bordering Myanmar where Anopheles minimus and An. dirus are the dominant vector species. A total of United States dollars (US$) 134.6 million was spent in efforts to eliminate malaria during 2011–2015, with US$ 57.2 million (43%) from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and US$ 77.3 million (57%) from the Chinese central government. The mean annual investment (US$ 27 million) per person at risk (574 million) was US$ 0.05 (standard deviation: 0.03). Conclusion The locally transmitted malaria burden in China has decreased. The key challenge is to address the remaining local transmission, as well as to reduce imported cases from Africa and south-east Asia. Continued efforts and appropriate levels of investment are needed in the 2016–2020 period to achieve elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Lai
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Dongan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhongjie Li
- Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Nicola A Wardrop
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, England
| | - Junling Sun
- Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Michael G Head
- Faculty of Medicine and Global Health Research Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, England
| | - Zhuojie Huang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxing Yu
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Zike Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shui-Sen Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigui Xia
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Rubo Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Ruan
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Andrew J Tatem
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, England
| | - Hongjie Yu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Dongan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
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233
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Wang W, Chen J, Sheng HF, Wang NN, Yang P, Zhou XN, Bergquist R. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, the first five years. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:96. [PMID: 28472981 PMCID: PMC5415955 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the focus in the area of health research may be shifting from infectious to non-communicable diseases, the infectious diseases of poverty remain a major burden of disease of global health concern. A global platform to communicate and share the research on these diseases is needed to facilitate the translation of knowledge into effective approaches and tools for their elimination. Based on the “One health, One world” mission, a new, open-access journal, Infectious Diseases of Poverty (IDP), was launched by BioMed Central in partnership with the National Institute of Parasitic Diseases (NIPD), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) on October 25, 2012. Its aim is to identify and assess research and information gaps that hinder progress towards new interventions for a particular public health problem in the developing world. From the inaugural IDP issue of October 25, 2012, a total of 256 manuscripts have been published over the following five years. Apart from a small number of editorials, opinions, commentaries and letters to the editor, the predominant types of publications are research articles (69.5%) and scoping reviews (21.5%). A total of 1 081 contributing authors divided between 323 affiliations across 68 countries, territories and regions produced these 256 publications. The journal is indexed in major international biomedical databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Embase. In 2015, it was assigned its first impact factor (4.11), which is now 2.13. During the past five years, IDP has received manuscripts from 90 countries, territories and regions across six continents with an annual acceptance rate of all contributions maintained at less than 40%. Content analysis shows that neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), followed by the “Big Three” (HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis) and infectious diseases in general comprise 88% of all publications. In addition, a series of 10 thematic issues, covering 118 publications in all, was published as separate parts of the first five volumes. These publications were cited 975 times, which equals an average of 8.3 times per publication. The current challenge is to identify cutting-edge research topics and attract and to publish first-rate publications leading to increasing importance and impact of the journal in its field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, 214064, China.,School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, No. 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350004, China
| | - Jin Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, No. 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, No. 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hui-Feng Sheng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, No. 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, No. 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Na-Na Wang
- Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Clinical Research, No. 57 Shanxi Road, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
| | - Pin Yang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, No. 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, No. 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, No. 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, No. 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
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Xia S, Xue JB, Zhang X, Hu HH, Abe EM, Rollinson D, Bergquist R, Zhou Y, Li SZ, Zhou XN. Pattern analysis of schistosomiasis prevalence by exploring predictive modeling in Jiangling County, Hubei Province, P.R. China. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:91. [PMID: 28446227 PMCID: PMC5406921 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of schistosomiasis remains a key public health issue in China. Jiangling County in Hubei Province is a typical lake and marshland endemic area. The pattern analysis of schistosomiasis prevalence in Jiangling County is of significant importance for promoting schistosomiasis surveillance and control in the similar endemic areas. METHODS The dataset was constructed based on the annual schistosomiasis surveillance as well the socio-economic data in Jiangling County covering the years from 2009 to 2013. A village clustering method modified from the K-mean algorithm was used to identify different types of endemic villages. For these identified village clusters, a matrix-based predictive model was developed by means of exploring the one-step backward temporal correlation inference algorithm aiming to estimate the predicative correlations of schistosomiasis prevalence among different years. Field sampling of faeces from domestic animals, as an indicator of potential schistosomiasis prevalence, was carried out and the results were used to validate the results of proposed models and methods. RESULTS The prevalence of schistosomiasis in Jiangling County declined year by year. The total of 198 endemic villages in Jiangling County can be divided into four clusters with reference to the 5 years' occurrences of schistosomiasis in human, cattle and snail populations. For each identified village cluster, a predictive matrix was generated to characterize the relationships of schistosomiasis prevalence with the historic infection level as well as their associated impact factors. Furthermore, the results of sampling faeces from the front field agreed with the results of the identified clusters of endemic villages. CONCLUSION The results of village clusters and the predictive matrix can be regard as the basis to conduct targeted measures for schistosomiasis surveillance and control. Furthermore, the proposed models and methods can be modified to investigate the schistosomiasis prevalence in other regions as well as be used for investigating other parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Xia
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Bo Xue
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Jiangling Institute of Schistosomiasis Control and Prevention, Jiangling, 434100 People’s Republic of China
| | - He-Hua Hu
- Jiangling Institute of Schistosomiasis Control and Prevention, Jiangling, 434100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Eniola Michael Abe
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - David Rollinson
- Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD UK
| | | | - Yibiao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Zhu Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
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235
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Savioli L, Albonico M, Colley DG, Correa-Oliveira R, Fenwick A, Green W, Kabatereine N, Kabore A, Katz N, Klohe K, LoVerde PT, Rollinson D, Stothard JR, Tchuem Tchuenté LA, Waltz J, Zhou XN. Building a global schistosomiasis alliance: an opportunity to join forces to fight inequality and rural poverty. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:65. [PMID: 28330495 PMCID: PMC5363045 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, one of the 17 neglected tropical diseases listed by the World Health Organization, presents a substantial public health and economic burden. Of the 261 million people requiring preventive chemotherapy for schistosomiasis in 2013, 92% of them lived in sub-Saharan Africa and only 12.7% received preventive chemotherapy. Moreover, in 2010, the WHO reported that schistosomiasis mortality could be as high as 280 000 per year in Africa alone.In May 2012 delegates to the sixty-fifth World Health Assembly adopted resolution WHA65.21 that called for the elimination of schistosomiasis, and foresees the regular treatment of at least 75% of school age children in at-risk areas. The resolution urged member states to intensify schistosomiasis control programmes and to initiate elimination campaigns where possible.Despite this, in June 2015, schistosomiasis was indicated to have the lowest level of preventive chemotherapy implementation in the spectrum of neglected tropical diseases. It was also highlighted as the disease most lacking in progress. This is perhaps unsurprising, given that it was also the only NTD with access to drug donations but without a coalition of stakeholders that collaborates to boost commitment and implementation.As a consequence, and to ensure that the WHO NTDs Roadmap Targets of 2012 and World Health Assembly Resolution WHA65.21 are met, the Global Schistosomiasis Alliance (GSA) has been set up. Diverse and representative, the GSA aims to be a partnership of endemic countries, academic and research institutions, international development agencies and foundations, international organizations, non-governmental development organizations, private sector companies and advocacy and resource mobilisation partners. Ultimately, the GSA calls for a partnership to work for the benefit of endemic countries by addressing health inequity and rural poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Albonico
- Center for Tropical Diseases, Sacro Cuore Hospital - WHO Collaborating Centre on strongyloidiasis and other intestinal parasitic infections, Negrar, Verona Italy
| | - Daniel G. Colley
- Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia USA
| | - Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou – Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil and Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Alan Fenwick
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, SCI, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Will Green
- Trinity College Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Naftale Katz
- Research Center René Rachou – Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - David Rollinson
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - J. Russell Stothard
- Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA UK
| | | | | | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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236
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Sun LP, Wang W, Hong QB, Li SZ, Liang YS, Yang HT, Zhou XN. Approaches being used in the national schistosomiasis elimination programme in China: a review. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:55. [PMID: 28292327 PMCID: PMC5351197 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis japonica, caused by the human blood fluke Schistosoma japonicum, remains a major public health problem in China, although great success has been achieved. The control efforts during the past half-decade, notably the wide implementation of the new integrated strategy with emphasis on control of the source of S. japonicum infection across the country since 2004, has greatly reduced S. japonicum in humans, livestock, and intermediate host Oncomelania hupensis snails, and transmission control of schistosomiasis was achieved in China in 2015. A two-stage roadmap was therefore proposed for schistosomiasis elimination in 2015, with aims to achieve transmission interruption by 2020 and achieve disease elimination by 2025 in the country. During the last two decades, a variety of approaches, which target the epidemiological factors of schistosomiasis japonica have been developed, in order to block the transmission cycle of the parasite. These approaches have been employed in the national or local schistosomiasis control activities, and facilitated, at least in part, the progress of the schistosomiasis elimination programs. Here, we present an approach to control the source of S. japonicum infection, three new tools for snail control, three approaches for detecting and monitoring S. japonicum infection, and a novel model for health education. These approaches are considered to play a great role in the stage moving towards transmission interruption and elimination of schistosomiasis in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, Wuxi, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214064, China. .,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, Wuxi, 214064, China. .,Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, China. .,School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
| | - Qing-Biao Hong
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, Wuxi, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, China
| | - Shi-Zhu Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - You-Sheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, Wuxi, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, China
| | - Hai-Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, Wuxi, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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237
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Lai YS, Zhou XN, Pan ZH, Utzinger J, Vounatsou P. Risk mapping of clonorchiasis in the People's Republic of China: A systematic review and Bayesian geostatistical analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005239. [PMID: 28253272 PMCID: PMC5416880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clonorchiasis, one of the most important food-borne trematodiases, affects more than 12 million people in the People's Republic of China (P.R. China). Spatially explicit risk estimates of Clonorchis sinensis infection are needed in order to target control interventions. METHODOLOGY Georeferenced survey data pertaining to infection prevalence of C. sinensis in P.R. China from 2000 onwards were obtained via a systematic review in PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Internet, and Wanfang Data from January 1, 2000 until January 10, 2016, with no restriction of language or study design. Additional disease data were provided by the National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention in Shanghai. Environmental and socioeconomic proxies were extracted from remote-sensing and other data sources. Bayesian variable selection was carried out to identify the most important predictors of C. sinensis risk. Geostatistical models were applied to quantify the association between infection risk and the predictors of the disease, and to predict the risk of infection across P.R. China at high spatial resolution (over a grid with grid cell size of 5×5 km). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We obtained clonorchiasis survey data at 633 unique locations in P.R. China. We observed that the risk of C. sinensis infection increased over time, particularly from 2005 onwards. We estimate that around 14.8 million (95% Bayesian credible interval 13.8-15.8 million) people in P.R. China were infected with C. sinensis in 2010. Highly endemic areas (≥ 20%) were concentrated in southern and northeastern parts of the country. The provinces with the highest risk of infection and the largest number of infected people were Guangdong, Guangxi, and Heilongjiang. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results provide spatially relevant information for guiding clonorchiasis control interventions in P.R. China. The trend toward higher risk of C. sinensis infection in the recent past urges the Chinese government to pay more attention to the public health importance of clonorchiasis and to target interventions to high-risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Si Lai
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Heng Pan
- Tianjin Modern Vocational Technology College, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Penelope Vounatsou
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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238
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Qian MB, Zhou XN. Global burden of cancers attributable to liver flukes. The Lancet Global Health 2017; 5:e139. [DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(16)30301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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239
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Gao SJ, Cao HH, He YY, Liu YJ, Zhang XY, Yang GJ, Zhou XN. The basic reproductive ratio of Barbour's two-host schistosomiasis model with seasonal fluctuations. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:42. [PMID: 28122646 PMCID: PMC5264280 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-1983-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Motivated by the first mathematical model for schistosomiasis proposed by Macdonald and Barbour’s classical schistosomiasis model tracking the dynamics of infected human population and infected snail hosts in a community, in our previous study, we incorporated seasonal fluctuations into Barbour’s model, but ignored the effect of bovine reservoir host in the transmission of schistosomiasis. Inspired by the findings from our previous work, the model was further improved by integrating two definitive hosts (human and bovine) and seasonal fluctuations, so as to understand the transmission dynamics of schistosomiasis japonica and evaluate the ongoing control measures in Liaonan village, Xingzi County, Jiangxi Province. Methods The basic reproductive ratio R0 and its computation formulae were derived by using the operator theory in functional analysis and the monodromy matrix theory. The mathematical methods for global dynamics of periodic systems were used in order to show that R0 serves as a threshold value that determines whether there was disease outbreak or not. The parameter fitting and the ratio calculation were performed with surveillance data obtained from the village of Liaonan using numerical simulation. Sensitivity analysis was carried out in order to understand the impact of R0 on seasonal fluctuations and snail host control. The modified basic reproductive ratios were compared with known results to illustrate the infection risk. Results The Barbour’s two-host model with seasonal fluctuations was proposed. The implicit expression of R0 for the model was given by the spectral radius of next infection operator. The R0s for the model ranged between 1.030 and 1.097 from 2003 to 2010 in the village of Liaonan, Xingzi County, China, with 1.097 recorded as the maximum value in 2005 but declined dramatically afterwards. In addition, we proved that the disease goes into extinction when R0 is less than one and persists when R0 is greater than one. Comparisons of the different improved models were also made. Conclusions Based on the mechanism and characteristics of schistosomiasis transmission, Barbour’s model was improved by considering seasonality. The implicit formula of R0 for the model and its calculation were given. Theoretical results showed that R0 gave a sharp threshold that determines whether the disease dies out or not. Simulations concluded that: (i) ignoring seasonality would overestimate the transmission risk of schistosomiasis, and (ii) mollusiciding is an effective control measure to curtail schistosomiasis transmission in Xingzi County when the removal rate of infected snails is small. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-1983-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jing Gao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Numerical Simulation and Emulation Techniques, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Hua-Hua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Numerical Simulation and Emulation Techniques, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Numerical Simulation and Emulation Techniques, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yu-Jiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Numerical Simulation and Emulation Techniques, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Numerical Simulation and Emulation Techniques, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Guo-Jing Yang
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Key Laboratory on Control Technology for Parasitic Diseases, Ministry of Health, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214064, China.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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240
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Wu HW, Ito A, Ai L, Zhou XN, Acosta LP, Lee Willingham A. Cysticercosis/taeniasis endemicity in Southeast Asia: Current status and control measures. Acta Trop 2017; 165:121-132. [PMID: 26802488 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The parasitic zoonoses cysticercosis/taeniasis is among the 17 major Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) identified by the WHO as a focus for research and control. It is caused by a larval stage (cysticercus) infection of Taenia solium tapeworm in both humans and pigs. Cysticercosis occurs in many resource-poor countries, especially those with warm and mild climates in the regions of Latin America (LA), Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The prevalence of human cysticercosis is marked in those areas where individuals are traditionally keen to consume raw or insufficiently cooked pork and/or where the husbandry of pigs is improper. The worldwide burden of cysticercosis is unclear and notably, large-scale control initiatives are lacking in all regions. This review focuses on the current endemic status of cysticercosis caused by T. solium infection in both humans and pigs living in 13 Southeast Asian countries. We will also emphasize epidemiological data as well as prevention and control of human neurocysticercosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Wei Wu
- Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Parasitology and Neglected Tropical Diseases Research Laboratory, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Lin Ai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Luz P Acosta
- Department of Immunology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Alabang, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Arve Lee Willingham
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
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Zhou XN. Infectious Diseases of Poverty reviewer acknowledgement 2015. Infect Dis Poverty 2016. [PMCID: PMC4797358 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-016-0114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The editors of Infectious Diseases of Poverty would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in volume 4 (2015).
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242
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Habib MR, Guo YH, Lv S, Gu WB, Li XH, Zhou XN. Predicting the spatial distribution of Biomphalaria straminea, a potential intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni, in China. Geospat Health 2016; 11:453. [PMID: 27903067 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2016.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases impacting human health in the tropics and sub-tropics. The geographic distribution of Schistosoma mansoni, the most widespread species, includes areas in Africa, the Middle East, South America and the Caribbean. Snails of the genus Biomphalaria act as intermediate host for S. mansoni. Biomphalaria straminea is not indigenous in China but was accidentally introduced to Hong Kong from South America and has spread to other habitats in the southern parts of the country. This species is known for its great dispersal capacity that highlights the importance of the snail as a potential host for S. mansoni in China. In this connection, although no such infection has been recorded in the field so far, the continuous expansion of China's projects in endemic areas of Africa and import of the infection via returning workers or visitors deserve attention. The purpose of this study was to map and predict the spatial distribution of B. straminea in China. Snail occurrence data were assembled and investigated using MaxEnt software, along with climatic and environmental variables to produce a predictive risk map. Of the environmental variables tested, the precipitation of warmest quarter was the most contribution factor for snail's spatial distribution. Risk areas were found in southeastern China and it is expected that they will guide policies and control programmes to potential areas area of snail abundance and used for spatial targeting of control interventions for this invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R Habib
- Medical Malacology Laboratory, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shanghai.
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Zhang SX, Yang CL, Gu WP, Ai L, Serrano E, Yang P, Zhou X, Li SZ, Lv S, Dang ZS, Chen JH, Hu W, Tian LG, Chen JX, Zhou XN. Case-control study of diarrheal disease etiology in individuals over 5 years in southwest China. Gut Pathog 2016; 8:58. [PMID: 27891182 PMCID: PMC5112671 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-016-0141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute diarrhea is one of the major public health problems worldwide. Most of studies on acute diarrhea have been made on infants aged below 5 years and few efforts have been made to identify the etiological agents of acute diarrhea in people over five, especially in China. Methods 271 diarrhea cases and 149 healthy controls over 5 years were recruited from four participating hospitals between June 2014 and July 2015. Each stool specimen was collected to detect a series of enteric pathogens, involving five viruses (Rotavirus group A, RVA; Norovirus, NoV; Sapovirus, SaV; Astrovirus, As; and Adenovirus, Ad), seven bacteria (diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, DEC; non-typhoidal Salmonella, NTS; Shigella spp.; Vibrio cholera; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Aeromonas spp.; and Plesiomonas spp.) and three protozoa (Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia lamblia, G. lamblia, and Blastocystis hominis, B. hominis). Standard microbiological and molecular methods were applied to detect these pathogens. Data was analyzed using Chi square, Fisher-exact tests and logistic regressions. Results The prevalence of at least one enteric pathogen was detected in 29.2% (79/271) acute diarrhea cases and in 12.1% (18/149) in healthy controls (p < 0.0001). Enteric viral infections (14.4%) were the most common in patients suffering from acute diarrhea, followed by bacteria (13.7%) and intestinal protozoa (4.8%). DEC (12.5%) was the most common causative agent in diarrhea cases, followed by NoV GII (10.0%), RVA (7.4%) and B. hominis (4.8%). The prevalence of co-infection was statistically higher (p = 0.0059) in the case group (7.7%) than in the healthy control (1.3%). RVA–NoV GII (3.0%) was the most common co-infection in symptomatic cases. Conclusions DEC was the most predominant pathogen in diarrhea cases, but it was largely overlooked because the lack of laboratory capacities. Because of the high prevalence of co-infections, it is recommended the urgent development of alternative laboratory methods to assess polymicrobial infections. Such methodological improvements will result in a better prevention and treatment strategies to control diarrhea illness in China. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13099-016-0141-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Xian Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology, MOH of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 20025 People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Li Yang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology, MOH of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 20025 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Peng Gu
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022 People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Ai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology, MOH of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 20025 People's Republic of China
| | - Emmanuel Serrano
- Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Departamento de Biología, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Servei d´Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pin Yang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology, MOH of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 20025 People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of parasitology, College of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Zhu Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology, MOH of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 20025 People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Lv
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology, MOH of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 20025 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Dang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology, MOH of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 20025 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology, MOH of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 20025 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology, MOH of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 20025 People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Guang Tian
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology, MOH of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 20025 People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology, MOH of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 20025 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology, MOH of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 20025 People's Republic of China
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244
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Affiliation(s)
- Kokouvi Kassegne
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Eniola Michael Abe
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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245
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Tambo E, Duo-Quan W, Zhou XN. Tackling air pollution and extreme climate changes in China: Implementing the Paris climate change agreement. Environ Int 2016; 95:152-6. [PMID: 27107974 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
China still depends on coal for more than 60% of its power despite big investments in the process of shifting to nuclear, solar and wind power renewable energy resources alignment with Paris climate change agreement (Paris CCA). Chinese government through the Communist Party Central Committee (CPCC) ascribes great importance and commitment to Paris CCA legacy and history landmark implementation at all levels. As the world's biggest carbon dioxide emitter, China has embarked on "SMART" pollution and climate changes programs and measures to reduce coal-fired power plants to less than 50% in the next five years include: new China model of energy policies commitment on CO2 and greenhouse gas emissions reductions to less than 20% non-fossil energy use by 2030 without undermining their economic growth, newly introduced electric vehicles transportation benefits, interactive and sustained air quality index (AQI) monitoring systems, decreasing reliance on fossil fuel economic activities, revision of energy price reforms and renewable energy to less energy efficient technologies development. Furthermore, ongoing CPCC improved environmental initiatives, implemented strict regulations and penalties on local companies and firms' pollution production management, massive infrastructures such as highways to reduce CO2 expansion of seven regional emissions trading markets and programs for CO2 emissions and other pollutants are being documented. Maximizing on the centralized nature of the China's government, implemented Chinese pollution, climate changes mitigation and adaptation initiatives, "SMART" strategies and credible measures are promising. A good and practical example is the interactive and dynamic website and database covering 367 Chinese cities and providing real time information on environmental and pollution emissions AQI. Also, water quality index (WQI), radiation and nuclear safety monitoring and management systems over time and space. These are ongoing Chinese valuable and exemplary leadership in Paris CCA implementation to the global community. Especially to pragmatic and responsible efforts to support pollution and climate changes capacity development, technology transfer and empowerment in emissions surveillance and monitoring systems and "SMART" integrated climate changes mitigation packages in global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) context, citizenry health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Tambo
- Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameroon; Africa Disease Intelligence and Surveillance, Communication and Response (Africa DISCoR) Foundation, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Wang Duo-Quan
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, PR China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, PR China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
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246
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Zhang SX, Li L, Yin JW, Jin M, Kong XY, Pang LL, Zhou YK, Tian LG, Chen JX, Zhou XN. Emergence of human caliciviruses among diarrhea cases in southwest China. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:511. [PMID: 27663519 PMCID: PMC5035476 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute diarrhea is one of the most serious problems in global public health that causes considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Human caliciviruses (HuCV) including norovirus (NoV, genogroup GI and GII) and sapovirus (SaV), is a leading cause of acute sporadic diarrhea in individuals across all age groups. However, few studies had been conducted clarifying the characteristics of HuCV in diarrhea cases across all age groups in China. Our study was aimed at assessing the HuCV-related diarrhea burden and NoV genotypes distribution in southwest China. METHODS The study was conducted in four hospitals in Kunming city, Yunnan province, from June 2014 to July 2015. Stool specimens were collected from 1,121 diarrhea cases and 319 healthy controls in outpatient departments. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect NoV (GI, GII) and SaV. Sequencing was applied to confirm the three viral infections and phylogenetic analysis was performed to determine their genotypes. A structured questionnaire was used to record the demographic information and clinical symptoms of subjects. RESULTS HuCV was detected at an 11.0 % infection rate in 1,121 diarrhea cases and at 3.4 % rate in 319 non-diarrhea subjects (p < 0.0001, OR = 3.5, 95 % CI 1.8-6.5). The prevalence of the NoV genogroup GII and genotype GII.4 in diarrhea cases was significantly higher than that found in healthy controls (p < 0.0001, p = 0.018, respectively). NoV GII (n = 118, 10.5 %) was the most common HuCV subtype in diarrhea cases, followed by SaV (n = 3, 0.3 %) and NoV GI (n = 2, 0.2 %). Of 118 NoV GII strains isolated from diarrhea patients. GII.4 (n = 55, 46.6 %) was the predominant strain, followed by GII.3 (n = 28, 23.7 %), GII.12 (n = 25, 21.2 %), GII.17 (n = 8, 6.8 %), and GII.5 (n = 2, 1.7 %). Of the 55 GII.4 strains, the GII.4 Sydney 2012 variant had absolutely predominant prevalence (n = 52, 94.5 %), followed by the NoV GII.4-2006b variant (n = 3, 5.5 %). The GII.4 Orleans 2009 variant was not found in diarrhea cases of the study. CONCLUSIONS NoV GII was the major genogroup and GII.4 was the most predominant strain detected in diarrhea patients. The GII.17 is an emergent variant in sporadic diarrhea and might become the predominant strain in diarrhea cases in the near future. Rapid, accurate detection kits need to be developed to help us find and treat NoV-associated diarrhea in clinical settings in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Xian Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Wen Yin
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650000, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Jin
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yu Kong
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Pang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Kang Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Guang Tian
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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247
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Affiliation(s)
- Men-Bao Qian
- Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
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248
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Zhang SX, Zhou YM, Xu W, Tian LG, Chen JX, Chen SH, Dang ZS, Gu WP, Yin JW, Serrano E, Zhou XN. Impact of co-infections with enteric pathogens on children suffering from acute diarrhea in southwest China. Infect Dis Poverty 2016; 5:64. [PMID: 27349521 PMCID: PMC4922062 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-016-0157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute diarrhea is a global health problem, resulting in high morbidity and mortality in children. It has been suggested that enteric pathogen co-infections play an important role in gastroenteritis, but most research efforts have only focused on a small range of species belonging to a few pathogen groups. This study aimed to assess the impact of co-infections with a broad range of enteric pathogens on children aged below five years who suffer from acute diarrhea in southwest China. Method A total of 1020 subjects (850 diarrhea cases and 170 healthy controls) were selected from four sentinel hospitals in Kunming, Yunnan province, southwest China, from June 2014 to July 2015. Stool specimens were collected to detect five virus (rotavirus group A, RVA; norovirus, NoV; Sapovirus, SaV; astrovirus, As; and adenovirus, Ad), seven bacterial (diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, DEC; non-typhoidal Salmonella, NTS; Shigella spp.; Vibrio cholera; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Aeromonas spp.; and Plesiomonas spp.), and three protozoan (Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia lamblia, and Blastocystis hominis, B. hominis) species using standard microbiologic and molecular methods. Data were analyzed using the partial least square regression technique and chi-square test. Results At least one enteric pathogen was detected in 46.7 % (n = 397) of acute gastroenteritis cases and 13.5 % (n = 23) of healthy controls (χ2 = 64.4, P < 0.05). Single infection with RVA was associated with acute diarrhea (26.5 % vs. 5.8 %, P < 0.05). The prevalence of a single infection with B. hominis in diarrhea cases was higher than in healthy controls (3.1 % vs. 0.5 %, OR = 4.7, 95 % CI: 1.01–112.0). Single infection with NoV GII was not associated with diarrhea (4.4 % vs. 3.5 %, OR = 1.2, 95 % CI: 0.5–3.3). Single infections with bacterial species were not observed. The prevalence of co-infections with two enteric pathogens in diarrhea cases was higher than in asymptomatic children (20.1 % vs. 5.3 %, P < 0.05). RVA-NoV GII was the most common co-infection in symptomatic children (4.4 %), with it aggravating the severity of diarrhea. Conclusions Although it is clear that RVA has an overwhelming impact on diarrhea illnesses in children, co-infection with other enteric pathogens appears to also aggravate diarrhea severity. These findings should serve as evidence for public health services when planning and developing intervention programs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0157-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Xian Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ming Zhou
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Xu
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Guang Tian
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Hong Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Dang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Peng Gu
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Wen Yin
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Emmanuel Serrano
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Departamento de Biología, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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249
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Li Z, Zhang Q, Zheng C, Zhou S, Sun J, Zhang Z, Geng Q, Zhang H, Wang L, Lai S, Hu W, Clements ACA, Zhou XN, Yang W. Erratum to: Epidemiologic features of overseas imported malaria in the People's Republic of China. Malar J 2016; 15:318. [PMID: 27301491 PMCID: PMC4906731 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Canjun Zheng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Junling Sun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Zike Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, 102206, Beijing, China.,Center of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qibin Geng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, 102206, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Honglong Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Lai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, 102206, Beijing, China.,Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Archie C A Clements
- Research School of Population Health, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropic Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weizhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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250
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Xia S, Ma JX, Wang DQ, Li SZ, Rollinson D, Zhou SS, Zhou XN. Economic cost analysis of malaria case management at the household level during the malaria elimination phase in The People's Republic of China. Infect Dis Poverty 2016; 5:50. [PMID: 27255648 PMCID: PMC4891900 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-016-0141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, malaria has been posing a significant economic burden on households. To evaluate malaria economic burden in terms of both direct and indirect costs has its meaning in improving the effectiveness of malaria elimination program in China. METHODS A number of study sites (eight counties in five provinces) were selected from the malaria endemic area in China, representing the different levels of malaria incidence, risk classification, economic development. A number of households with malaria cases (n = 923) were surveyed during the May to December in 2012 to collect information on malaria economic burden. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the basic profiles of selected malaria cases in terms of their gender, age group, occupation and malaria type. The malaria economic costs were evaluated by direct and indirect costs. Comparisons were carried out by using the chi-square test (or Z-test) and the Mann-Whitney U test among malaria cases with reference to local/imported malaria patients, hospitalized/out patients, and treatment hospitals. RESULTS The average cost of malaria per case was 1 691.23 CNY (direct cost was 735.41 CNY and indirect cost was 955.82 CNY), which accounted for 11.1 % of a household's total income. The average costs per case for local and imported malaria were 1 087.58 CNY and 4271.93 CNY, respectively. The average cost of a malaria patient being diagnosed and treated in a hospital at the county level or above (3 975.43 CNY) was 4.23 times higher than that of malaria patient being diagnosed and treated at a village or township hospital (938.80 CNY). CONCLUSION This study found that malaria has been posing a significant economic burden on households in terms of direct and indirect costs. There is a need to improve the effectiveness of interventions in order to reduce the impact costs of malaria, especially of imported infections, in order to eliminate the disease in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Xia
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Xiang Ma
- Department of Applied Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Duo-Quan Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Zhu Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - David Rollinson
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Shui-Sen Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
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