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Johannesen KM, Liu Y, Koko M, Gjerulfsen CE, Sonnenberg L, Schubert J, Fenger CD, Eltokhi A, Rannap M, Koch NA, Lauxmann S, Krüger J, Kegele J, Canafoglia L, Franceschetti S, Mayer T, Rebstock J, Zacher P, Ruf S, Alber M, Sterbova K, Lassuthová P, Vlckova M, Lemke JR, Platzer K, Krey I, Heine C, Wieczorek D, Kroell-Seger J, Lund C, Klein KM, Au PYB, Rho JM, Ho AW, Masnada S, Veggiotti P, Giordano L, Accorsi P, Hoei-Hansen CE, Striano P, Zara F, Verhelst H, Verhoeven JS, Braakman HMH, van der Zwaag B, Harder AVE, Brilstra E, Pendziwiat M, Lebon S, Vaccarezza M, Le NM, Christensen J, Grønborg S, Scherer SW, Howe J, Fazeli W, Howell KB, Leventer R, Stutterd C, Walsh S, Gerard M, Gerard B, Matricardi S, Bonardi CM, Sartori S, Berger A, Hoffman-Zacharska D, Mastrangelo M, Darra F, Vøllo A, Motazacker MM, Lakeman P, Nizon M, Betzler C, Altuzarra C, Caume R, Roubertie A, Gélisse P, Marini C, Guerrini R, Bilan F, Tibussek D, Koch-Hogrebe M, Perry MS, Ichikawa S, Dadali E, Sharkov A, Mishina I, Abramov M, Kanivets I, Korostelev S, Kutsev S, Wain KE, Eisenhauer N, Wagner M, Savatt JM, Müller-Schlüter K, Bassan H, Borovikov A, Nassogne MC, Destrée A, Schoonjans AS, Meuwissen M, Buzatu M, Jansen A, Scalais E, Srivastava S, Tan WH, Olson HE, Loddenkemper T, Poduri A, Helbig KL, Helbig I, Fitzgerald MP, Goldberg EM, Roser T, Borggraefe I, Brünger T, May P, Lal D, Lederer D, Rubboli G, Heyne HO, Lesca G, Hedrich UBS, Benda J, Gardella E, Lerche H, Møller RS. Genotype-phenotype correlations in SCN8A-related disorders reveal prognostic and therapeutic implications. Brain 2022; 145:2991-3009. [PMID: 34431999 PMCID: PMC10147326 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report detailed functional analyses and genotype-phenotype correlations in 392 individuals carrying disease-causing variants in SCN8A, encoding the voltage-gated Na+ channel Nav1.6, with the aim of describing clinical phenotypes related to functional effects. Six different clinical subgroups were identified: Group 1, benign familial infantile epilepsy (n = 15, normal cognition, treatable seizures); Group 2, intermediate epilepsy (n = 33, mild intellectual disability, partially pharmaco-responsive); Group 3, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (n = 177, severe intellectual disability, majority pharmaco-resistant); Group 4, generalized epilepsy (n = 20, mild to moderate intellectual disability, frequently with absence seizures); Group 5, unclassifiable epilepsy (n = 127); and Group 6, neurodevelopmental disorder without epilepsy (n = 20, mild to moderate intellectual disability). Those in Groups 1-3 presented with focal or multifocal seizures (median age of onset: 4 months) and focal epileptiform discharges, whereas the onset of seizures in patients with generalized epilepsy was later (median: 42 months) with generalized epileptiform discharges. We performed functional studies expressing missense variants in ND7/23 neuroblastoma cells and primary neuronal cultures using recombinant tetrodotoxin-insensitive human Nav1.6 channels and whole-cell patch-clamping. Two variants causing developmental and epileptic encephalopathy showed a strong gain-of-function (hyperpolarizing shift of steady-state activation, strongly increased neuronal firing rate) and one variant causing benign familial infantile epilepsy or intermediate epilepsy showed a mild gain-of-function (defective fast inactivation, less increased firing). In contrast, all three variants causing generalized epilepsy induced a loss-of-function (reduced current amplitudes, depolarizing shift of steady-state activation, reduced neuronal firing). Functional effects were known for 170 individuals. All 136 individuals carrying a functionally tested gain-of-function variant had either focal (n = 97, Groups 1-3) or unclassifiable (n = 39) epilepsy, whereas 34 individuals with a loss-of-function variant had either generalized (n = 14), no (n = 11) or unclassifiable (n = 6) epilepsy; only three had developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Computational modelling in the gain-of-function group revealed a significant correlation between the severity of the electrophysiological and clinical phenotypes. Gain-of-function variant carriers responded significantly better to sodium channel blockers than to other anti-seizure medications, and the same applied for all individuals in Groups 1-3. In conclusion, our data reveal clear genotype-phenotype correlations between age at seizure onset, type of epilepsy and gain- or loss-of-function effects of SCN8A variants. Generalized epilepsy with absence seizures is the main epilepsy phenotype of loss-of-function variant carriers and the extent of the electrophysiological dysfunction of the gain-of-function variants is a main determinant of the severity of the clinical phenotype in focal epilepsies. Our pharmacological data indicate that sodium channel blockers present a treatment option in SCN8A-related focal epilepsy with onset in the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine M Johannesen
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment, The Danish Epilepsy Center, 4293 Dianalund, Denmark
- Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Koko
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Cathrine E Gjerulfsen
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment, The Danish Epilepsy Center, 4293 Dianalund, Denmark
| | - Lukas Sonnenberg
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute for Neurobiology, University of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julian Schubert
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christina D Fenger
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment, The Danish Epilepsy Center, 4293 Dianalund, Denmark
| | - Ahmed Eltokhi
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Maert Rannap
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nils A Koch
- Institute for Neurobiology, University of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Lauxmann
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute for Neurobiology, University of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Krüger
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Josua Kegele
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Laura Canafoglia
- Department of Diagnostics and Technology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologio Carlo Besta, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Franceschetti
- Department of Diagnostics and Technology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologio Carlo Besta, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Mayer
- Epilepsy Center Kleinwachau, 01454 Dresden-Radeberg, Germany
| | | | - Pia Zacher
- Epilepsy Center Kleinwachau, 01454 Dresden-Radeberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Ruf
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, University Children’s Hospital, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael Alber
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, University Children’s Hospital, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Katalin Sterbova
- Department of Child Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Lassuthová
- Department of Child Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Vlckova
- Department of Child Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes R Lemke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, 4275 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konrad Platzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, 4275 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ilona Krey
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, 4275 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Constanze Heine
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, 4275 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wieczorek
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Clinic, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40210 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Kroell-Seger
- Children’s Department, Swiss Epilepsy Centre, Clinic Lengg, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Lund
- National Centre for Rare Epilepsy-Related Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, 0001 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karl Martin Klein
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Genetics and Community Health Sciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2P 0A1, Canada
| | - P Y Billie Au
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, AB T6G 2T4, Canada
| | - Jong M Rho
- Section of Pediatric Neurology, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2P 0A1, Canada
| | - Alice W Ho
- Section of Pediatric Neurology, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2P 0A1, Canada
| | - Silvia Masnada
- Department of Child Neurology, V. Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Veggiotti
- Department of Child Neurology, V. Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20125 Milan, Italy
- ‘L. Sacco’ Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucio Giordano
- Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, Civilian Hospital, 25100 Brescia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Accorsi
- Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, Civilian Hospital, 25100 Brescia, Italy
| | - Christina E Hoei-Hansen
- Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16121 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS ‘G. Gaslini’ Institute, 16121 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Helene Verhelst
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Gent University Hospital, 9042 Gent, Belgium
| | - Judith S Verhoeven
- Academic Center for Epileptology, Kempenhaeghe/Maastricht University Medical Center, 5591 Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde M H Braakman
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert van der Zwaag
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3553 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aster V E Harder
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3553 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Brilstra
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3553 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manuela Pendziwiat
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig Holstein Campus Kiel, 24106 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lebon
- Pediatric Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Woman Mother Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Lausanne, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Vaccarezza
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ngoc Minh Le
- Center for Pediatric Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44102, USA
| | - Jakob Christensen
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sabine Grønborg
- Center for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON 66777, Canada
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON 66777, Canada
| | - Jennifer Howe
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Bonn, 53229 Bonn, Germany
| | - Walid Fazeli
- Institute for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cologne, 50667 Cologne, Germany
- Neurology Department, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, 3002 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katherine B Howell
- Neurology Department, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, 3002 Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, 3052 Parkville, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, 3052 Parkville, Australia
| | - Richard Leventer
- Neurology Department, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, 3002 Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, 3052 Parkville, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, 3052 Parkville, Australia
| | - Chloe Stutterd
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, 3052 Parkville, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, 3052 Parkville, Australia
| | - Sonja Walsh
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Children’s Hospital, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University, 1099 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marion Gerard
- Genetics Department, CHU Côte de Nacre, 14118 Caen, France
| | | | - Sara Matricardi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Children’s Hospital G. Salesi, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Claudia M Bonardi
- Department of Woman’s and Child’s Health, Padova University Hospital, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Sartori
- Child Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Padova University Hospital, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Berger
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Klinikum Weiden, Kliniken Nordoberpfalz AG, 92637 Weiden, Germany
| | | | - Massimo Mastrangelo
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Vittore Buzzi Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Darra
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37121 Verona, Italy
| | - Arve Vøllo
- Department of Pediatrics, Oestfold Hospital, 1712 Graalum, Norway
| | - M Mahdi Motazacker
- Laboratory of Genome Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1019 Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Phillis Lakeman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1019 Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Cornelia Betzler
- Clinic for Neuropediatrics and Neurorehabilitation, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik, 83569 Vogtareuth, Germany
- Research Institute ‘Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation’, PMU Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Cecilia Altuzarra
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Jacques Hospital, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Roseline Caume
- Clinique de Génétique Guy Fontaine, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Agathe Roubertie
- Département de Neuropédiatrie, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Gélisse
- Département de Neuropédiatrie, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Carla Marini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children’s Hospital, University of Florence, 50131 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Frederic Bilan
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Daniel Tibussek
- Child Neurology, Center for Pediatric and Teenage Health Care, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | | | - M Scott Perry
- Justin Neurosciences Center, Cook Children’s Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX 76101, USA
| | - Shoji Ichikawa
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA 92637, USA
| | - Elena Dadali
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 125412 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem Sharkov
- Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 125412 Moscow, Russia
- Genomed Ltd., 100000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Mishina
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Abramov
- Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 125412 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Kanivets
- Svt. Luka’s Institute of Child Neurology & Epilepsy, 100000 Moscow, Russia
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, 100000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Korostelev
- Svt. Luka’s Institute of Child Neurology & Epilepsy, 100000 Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 100000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Kutsev
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Karen E Wain
- Geisinger Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Nancy Eisenhauer
- Geisinger Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Monisa Wagner
- Geisinger Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Juliann M Savatt
- Geisinger Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Karen Müller-Schlüter
- Epilepsy Center for Children, University Hospital Neuruppin, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Haim Bassan
- Pediatric Neurology & Development Center, Shamir Medical Center (Assaf Harofe), Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 5296001 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Marie Cecile Nassogne
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Destrée
- Institute for Pathology and Genetics, 6040 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - An Sofie Schoonjans
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Marije Meuwissen
- Pediatric Neurology, Marie Curie Hospital—CHU Charleroi, 6032 Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Marga Buzatu
- Pediatric Neurology, Marie Curie Hospital—CHU Charleroi, 6032 Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Anna Jansen
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Scalais
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, 1313 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Siddharth Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02108, USA
| | - Wen Hann Tan
- Department of Genetics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02108, USA
| | - Heather E Olson
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02108, USA
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02108, USA
| | - Tobias Loddenkemper
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02108, USA
| | - Annapurna Poduri
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02108, USA
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02108, USA
| | - Katherine L Helbig
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- The Epilepsy Neurogenetics Initiative (ENGIN), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- The Epilepsy Neurogenetics Initiative (ENGIN), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mark P Fitzgerald
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- The Epilepsy Neurogenetics Initiative (ENGIN), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ethan M Goldberg
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- The Epilepsy Neurogenetics Initiative (ENGIN), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Timo Roser
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Haunersches Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, 80331 Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Borggraefe
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Haunersches Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, 80331 Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Ludwig-Maximilian- University of Munich, 80331 Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Brünger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University Luxembourg, L-4243 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Patrick May
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44102, USA
| | - Dennis Lal
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University Luxembourg, L-4243 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44102, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and M.I.T., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50667 Cologne, Germany
| | - Damien Lederer
- Institute for Pathology and Genetics, 6040 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Guido Rubboli
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment, The Danish Epilepsy Center, 4293 Dianalund, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrike O Heyne
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, 4275 Leipzig, Germany
- Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 320 Helsinki, Finland
- Program for Medical and Population Genetics/Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02108, USA
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Department of Medical Genetics, Groupement Hospitalier Est and ERN EpiCARE, University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), 69001 Lyon, France
- Institut Neuromyogène, CNRS UMR 5310 - INSERM U1217, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69001 Lyon, France
| | - Ulrike B S Hedrich
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jan Benda
- Institute for Neurobiology, University of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elena Gardella
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment, The Danish Epilepsy Center, 4293 Dianalund, Denmark
- Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Holger Lerche
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rikke S Møller
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment, The Danish Epilepsy Center, 4293 Dianalund, Denmark
- Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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Herr H, Hickmott L, Viquerat S, Panigada S. First evidence for fin whale migration into the Pacific from Antarctic feeding grounds at Elephant Island. R Soc Open Sci 2022; 9:220721. [PMID: 36147939 PMCID: PMC9490345 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the first long-distance tracks of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) equipped with satellite transmitters off the Antarctic Peninsula. Southern Hemisphere fin whales were severely depleted by twentieth century industrial whaling, yet recently, they have returned to historical feeding grounds off the northern Antarctic Peninsula, forming large aggregations in austral summers. To date, our knowledge only extended to summer behaviour, while information regarding migration routes and the location of breeding and wintering grounds are lacking. During the austral autumn of 2021, we deployed nsatellite transmitters on four fin whales at Elephant Island. Two transmitters stopped working while the animals were still at the feeding grounds, while two continued to transmit during the transition from feeding activity to migration. Both migrating animals left the feeding ground on 15 April 2021, travelling northward into the Pacific and up along the Chilean coast. The most northerly position received before all tags stopped transmitting on 1 May 2021 was at 48°S. These tracks provide initial evidence of seasonal migratory routes and a first indication toward possible locations of winter destinations. This information, even if preliminary, is critical for investigations of population connectivity, population structure and the identification of breeding grounds of Southern Hemisphere fin whales.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Herr
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fishery Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, University of Hamburg, Große Elbstraße 133, Hamburg 22767, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany
| | - L. Hickmott
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK
- Open Ocean Consulting, 3b Oaklands Road, Petersfield, Hampshire GU32 2EY, UK
| | - S. Viquerat
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fishery Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, University of Hamburg, Große Elbstraße 133, Hamburg 22767, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany
| | - S. Panigada
- Tethys Research Institute, Viale G.B. Gadio 2, Milan 20121, Italy
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Wang Y, Chen S, Chen X, Zangarelli A, Ackermann L. Photo-Induced Ruthenium-Catalyzed Double Remote C(sp 2 )-H / C(sp 3 )-H Functionalizations by Radical Relay. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205562. [PMID: 35527721 PMCID: PMC9401009 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Distal C(sp2 )-H and C(sp3 )-H functionalizations have recently emerged as step-economical tools for molecular synthesis. However, while the C(sp2 )-C(sp3 ) construction is of fundamental importance, its formation through double remote C(sp2 )-H/C(sp3 )-H activation has proven elusive. By merging the ruthenium-catalyzed meta-C(sp2 )-H functionalization with an aliphatic hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process, we, herein, describe the catalyzed twofold remote C(sp2 )-H/C(sp3 )-H functionalizations via photo-induced ruthenium-mediated radical relay. Thus, meta-C(sp2 )-H arene bonds and remote C(sp3 )-H alkane bonds were activated by a single catalyst in a single operation. This process was accomplished at room temperature by visible light-notably without exogenous photocatalysts. Experimental and computational theory studies uncovered a manifold comprising ortho-C-H activation, single-electron-transfer (SET), 1,n-HAT (n=5-7) and σ-activation by means of a single ruthenium(II) catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Wang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-UniversitätTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Shan Chen
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-UniversitätTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Xinran Chen
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-UniversitätTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Agnese Zangarelli
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-UniversitätTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-UniversitätTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
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204
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Ji D, Li Q, Guo Y, An W, Manavski N, Meurer J, Chi W. NADP+ supply adjusts the synthesis of photosystem I in Arabidopsis chloroplasts. Plant Physiol 2022; 189:2128-2143. [PMID: 35385122 PMCID: PMC9343004 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In oxygenic photosynthesis, NADP+ acts as the final acceptor of the photosynthetic electron transport chain and receives electrons via the thylakoid membrane complex photosystem I (PSI) to synthesize NAPDH by the enzyme ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase. The NADP+/NADPH redox couple is essential for cellular metabolism and redox homeostasis. However, how the homeostasis of these two dinucleotides is integrated into chloroplast biogenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate the important role of NADP+ supply for the biogenesis of PSI by examining the nad kinase 2 (nadk2) mutant in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which demonstrates disrupted synthesis of NADP+ from NAD+ in chloroplasts. Although the nadk2 mutant is highly sensitive to light, the reaction center of photosystem II (PSII) is only mildly and likely only secondarily affected compared to the wild-type. Our studies revealed that the primary limitation of photosynthetic electron transport, even at low light intensities, occurs at PSI rather than at PSII in the nadk2 mutant. Remarkably, this primarily impairs the de novo synthesis of the two PSI core subunits PsaA and PsaB, leading to the deficiency of the PSI complex in the nadk2 mutant. This study reveals an unexpected molecular link between NADK activity and mRNA translation of psaA/B in chloroplasts that may mediate a feedback mechanism to adjust de novo biosynthesis of the PSI complex in response to a variable NADPH demand. This adjustment may be important to protect PSI from photoinhibition under conditions that favor acceptor side limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daili Ji
- Author for correspondence: (W.C.) and (D.J.)
| | - Qiuxin Li
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yinjie Guo
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjing An
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nikolay Manavski
- Faculty of Biology, Plant Molecular Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, D-82152, Germany
| | - Jörg Meurer
- Faculty of Biology, Plant Molecular Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, D-82152, Germany
| | - Wei Chi
- Author for correspondence: (W.C.) and (D.J.)
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205
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Cimarelli C, Behnke S, Genareau K, Harper JM, Van Eaton AR. Volcanic electrification: recent advances and future perspectives. Bull Volcanol 2022; 84:78. [PMID: 35919878 PMCID: PMC9338009 DOI: 10.1007/s00445-022-01591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The electrification of volcanic plumes has been described intermittently since at least the time of Pliny the Younger and the 79 AD eruption of Vesuvius. Although sometimes disregarded in the past as secondary effects, recent work suggests that the electrical properties of volcanic plumes reveal intrinsic and otherwise inaccessible parameters of explosive eruptions. An increasing number of volcanic lightning studies across the last decade have shown that electrification is ubiquitous in volcanic plumes. Technological advances in engineering and numerical modelling, paired with close observation of recent eruptions and dedicated laboratory studies (shock-tube and current impulse experiments), show that charge generation and electrical activity are related to the physical, chemical, and dynamic processes underpinning the eruption itself. Refining our understanding of volcanic plume electrification will continue advancing the fundamental understanding of eruptive processes to improve volcano monitoring. Realizing this goal, however, requires an interdisciplinary approach at the intersection of volcanology, atmospheric science, atmospheric electricity, and engineering. Our paper summarizes the rapid and steady progress achieved in recent volcanic lightning research and provides a vision for future developments in this growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Cimarelli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstrasse 41, 8033 Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Behnke
- Space and Remote Sensing, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - Kimberly Genareau
- Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Box 870338, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA
| | - Joshua Méndez Harper
- Sensors for Extreme Environments Lab, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - Alexa R. Van Eaton
- U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA
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206
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Saado I, Chia KS, Betz R, Alcântara A, Pettkó-Szandtner A, Navarrete F, D'Auria JC, Kolomiets MV, Melzer M, Feussner I, Djamei A. Effector-mediated relocalization of a maize lipoxygenase protein triggers susceptibility to Ustilago maydis. Plant Cell 2022; 34:2785-2805. [PMID: 35512341 PMCID: PMC9252493 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
As the gall-inducing smut fungus Ustilago maydis colonizes maize (Zea mays) plants, it secretes a complex effector blend that suppresses host defense responses, including production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redirects host metabolism to facilitate colonization. We show that the U. maydis effector ROS burst interfering protein 1 (Rip1), which is involved in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered suppression of host immunity, is functionally conserved in several other monocot-infecting smut fungi. We also have identified a conserved C-terminal motif essential for Rip1-mediated PAMP-triggered suppression of the ROS burst. The maize susceptibility factor lipoxygenase 3 (Zmlox3) bound by Rip1 was relocalized to the nucleus, leading to partial suppression of the ROS burst. Relocalization was independent of its enzymatic activity, revealing a distinct function for ZmLox3. Most importantly, whereas Zmlox3 maize mutant plants showed increased resistance to U. maydis wild-type strains, rip1 deletion strains infecting the Zmlox3 mutant overcame this effect. This could indicate that Rip1-triggered host resistance depends on ZmLox3 to be suppressed and that lox3 mutation-based resistance of maize to U. maydis requires functional Rip1. Together, our results reveal that Rip1 acts in several cellular compartments to suppress immunity and that targeting of ZmLox3 by Rip1 is responsible for the suppression of Rip1-dependent reduced susceptibility of maize to U. maydis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Saado
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna BioCenter 7(VBC),Vienna 1030, Austria
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Stadt Seeland D-06466, Germany
| | - Khong-Sam Chia
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna BioCenter 7(VBC),Vienna 1030, Austria
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Stadt Seeland D-06466, Germany
| | - Ruben Betz
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna BioCenter 7(VBC),Vienna 1030, Austria
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Stadt Seeland D-06466, Germany
| | - André Alcântara
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna BioCenter 7(VBC),Vienna 1030, Austria
| | | | - Fernando Navarrete
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna BioCenter 7(VBC),Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - John C D'Auria
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Stadt Seeland D-06466, Germany
| | | | - Michael Melzer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Stadt Seeland D-06466, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Armin Djamei
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna BioCenter 7(VBC),Vienna 1030, Austria
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Stadt Seeland D-06466, Germany
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207
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Chandrasekar B, Wanke A, Wawra S, Saake P, Mahdi L, Charura N, Neidert M, Poschmann G, Malisic M, Thiele M, Stühler K, Dama M, Pauly M, Zuccaro A. Fungi hijack a ubiquitous plant apoplastic endoglucanase to release a ROS scavenging β-glucan decasaccharide to subvert immune responses. Plant Cell 2022; 34:2765-2784. [PMID: 35441693 PMCID: PMC9252488 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogenic and beneficial fungi have evolved several strategies to evade immunity and cope with host-derived hydrolytic enzymes and oxidative stress in the apoplast, the extracellular space of plant tissues. Fungal hyphae are surrounded by an inner insoluble cell wall layer and an outer soluble extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) matrix. Here, we show by proteomics and glycomics that these two layers have distinct protein and carbohydrate signatures, and hence likely have different biological functions. The barley (Hordeum vulgare) β-1,3-endoglucanase HvBGLUII, which belongs to the widely distributed apoplastic glycoside hydrolase 17 family (GH17), releases a conserved β-1,3;1,6-glucan decasaccharide (β-GD) from the EPS matrices of fungi with different lifestyles and taxonomic positions. This low molecular weight β-GD does not activate plant immunity, is resilient to further enzymatic hydrolysis by β-1,3-endoglucanases due to the presence of three β-1,6-linked glucose branches and can scavenge reactive oxygen species. Exogenous application of β-GD leads to enhanced fungal colonization in barley, confirming its role in the fungal counter-defensive strategy to subvert host immunity. Our data highlight the hitherto undescribed capacity of this often-overlooked EPS matrix from plant-associated fungi to act as an outer protective barrier important for fungal accommodation within the hostile environment at the apoplastic plant-microbe interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Wanke
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Wawra
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
| | - Pia Saake
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Mahdi
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nyasha Charura
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
| | - Miriam Neidert
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Proteome Research, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Milena Malisic
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
| | - Meik Thiele
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Murali Dama
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Pauly
- Institute of Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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208
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Abstract
Strong genetic evidence supports an imbalance between production and clearance of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) in people with Alzheimer disease (AD). Microglia that are potentially involved in alternative mechanisms are actually integral to the amyloid cascade. Fluid biomarkers and brain imaging place accumulation of Aβ at the beginning of molecular and clinical changes in the disease. So why have clinical trials of anti-amyloid therapies not provided clear-cut benefits to patients with AD? Can anti-amyloid therapies robustly decrease Aβ in the human brain, and if so, could this lowering be too little, too late? These central questions in research on AD are being urgently addressed. Evidence suggests that an imbalance between production and clearance of amyloid-beta is an early, invariant feature of Alzheimer disease that drives its neuronal and glial pathology and precedes cognitive symptoms. So why are we still unable to slow cognitive decline with anti-amyloid therapies?
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- * E-mail: (CH); (DS)
| | - Dennis Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CH); (DS)
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209
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DeTar RA, Höhner R, Manavski N, Blackholm M, Meurer J, Kunz HH. Loss of SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE 1 prevents virescence in chloroplast K+/H+ EFFLUX ANTIPORTER-deficient mutants. Plant Physiol 2022; 189:1220-1225. [PMID: 35325208 PMCID: PMC9237680 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Defects in two plastid K+/H+ EFFLUX ANTIPORTERs in Arabidopsis can be relieved by loss of a plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger, presumably by altering plant K+ transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Ann DeTar
- Plant Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, Washington 99164-4236, USA
- LMU Munich, Plant Sciences, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ricarda Höhner
- Plant Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, Washington 99164-4236, USA
| | - Nikolay Manavski
- LMU Munich, Plant Sciences, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Marius Blackholm
- LMU Munich, Plant Sciences, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jörg Meurer
- LMU Munich, Plant Sciences, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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210
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Baldauf JA, Liu M, Vedder L, Yu P, Piepho HP, Schoof H, Nettleton D, Hochholdinger F. Single-parent expression complementation contributes to phenotypic heterosis in maize hybrids. Plant Physiol 2022; 189:1625-1638. [PMID: 35522211 PMCID: PMC9237695 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The dominance model of heterosis explains the superior performance of F1-hybrids via the complementation of deleterious alleles by beneficial alleles in many genes. Genes active in one parent but inactive in the second lead to single-parent expression (SPE) complementation in maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. In this study, SPE complementation resulted in approximately 700 additionally active genes in different tissues of genetically diverse maize hybrids on average. We established that the number of SPE genes is significantly associated with mid-parent heterosis (MPH) for all surveyed phenotypic traits. In addition, we highlighted that maternally (SPE_B) and paternally (SPE_X) active SPE genes enriched in gene co-expression modules are highly correlated within each SPE type but separated between these two SPE types. While SPE_B-enriched co-expression modules are positively correlated with phenotypic traits, SPE_X-enriched modules displayed a negative correlation. Gene ontology term enrichment analyses indicated that SPE_B patterns are associated with growth and development, whereas SPE_X patterns are enriched in defense and stress response. In summary, these results link the degree of phenotypic MPH to the prevalence of gene expression complementation observed by SPE, supporting the notion that hybrids benefit from SPE complementation via its role in coordinating maize development in fluctuating environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta A Baldauf
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Lucia Vedder
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Bioinformatics, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peng Yu
- Emmy Noether Group Root Functional Biology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Piepho
- Institute of Crop Science, Biostatistics Unit, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Heiko Schoof
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Bioinformatics, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dan Nettleton
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1210, USA
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211
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Vianez PMT, Jin Y, Moreno M, Anirban AS, Anthore A, Tan WK, Griffiths JP, Farrer I, Ritchie DA, Schofield AJ, Tsyplyatyev O, Ford CJB. Observing separate spin and charge Fermi seas in a strongly correlated one-dimensional conductor. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm2781. [PMID: 35714181 PMCID: PMC9205598 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An electron is usually considered to have only one form of kinetic energy, but could it have more, for its spin and charge, by exciting other electrons? In one dimension (1D), the physics of interacting electrons is captured well at low energies by the Tomonaga-Luttinger model, yet little has been observed experimentally beyond this linear regime. Here, we report on measurements of many-body modes in 1D gated wires using tunneling spectroscopy. We observe two parabolic dispersions, indicative of separate Fermi seas at high energies, associated with spin and charge excitations, together with the emergence of two additional 1D "replica" modes that strengthen with decreasing wire length. The interaction strength is varied by changing the amount of 1D intersubband screening by more than 45%. Our findings not only demonstrate the existence of spin-charge separation in the whole energy band outside the low-energy limit of the Tomonaga-Luttinger model but also set a constraint on the validity of the newer nonlinear Tomonaga-Luttinger theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M. T. Vianez
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Yiqing Jin
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - María Moreno
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de la Merced s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ankita S. Anirban
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Anne Anthore
- Université de Paris, C2N, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Wooi Kiat Tan
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jonathan P. Griffiths
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Ian Farrer
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, 3 Solly Street, Sheffield S1 4DE, UK
| | - David A. Ritchie
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Physics, Swansea University, Vivian Tower, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | | | - Oleksandr Tsyplyatyev
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christopher J. B. Ford
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
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212
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Shin J, Kovacheva L, Thomas D, Stojanovic S, Knowlton CJ, Mankel J, Boehm J, Farassat N, Paladini C, Striessnig J, Canavier CC, Geisslinger G, Roeper J. Ca v1.3 calcium channels are full-range linear amplifiers of firing frequencies in lateral DA SN neurons. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm4560. [PMID: 35675413 PMCID: PMC9177074 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm4560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The low-threshold L-type calcium channel Cav1.3 accelerates the pacemaker rate in the heart, but its functional role for the extended dynamic range of neuronal firing is still unresolved. Here, we show that Cav1.3 calcium channels act as unexpectedly simple, full-range linear amplifiers of firing rates for lateral dopamine substantia nigra (DA SN) neurons in mice. This means that they boost in vitro or in vivo firing frequencies between 2 and 50 hertz by about 30%. Furthermore, we demonstrate that clinically relevant, low nanomolar concentrations of the L-type channel inhibitor isradipine selectively reduce the in vivo firing activity of these nigrostriatal DA SN neurons at therapeutic plasma concentrations. Thus, our study identifies the pacemaker function of neuronal Cav1.3 channels and provides direct evidence that repurposing dihydropyridines such as isradipine is feasible to selectively modulate the in vivo activity of highly vulnerable DA SN subpopulations in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Shin
- Goethe University, Institute of Neurophysiology, Neuroscience Center, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lora Kovacheva
- Goethe University, Institute of Neurophysiology, Neuroscience Center, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases CIMD, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Strahinja Stojanovic
- Goethe University, Institute of Neurophysiology, Neuroscience Center, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christopher J. Knowlton
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Johanna Mankel
- Goethe University, Institute of Neurophysiology, Neuroscience Center, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johannes Boehm
- Goethe University, Institute of Neurophysiology, Neuroscience Center, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Navid Farassat
- Goethe University, Institute of Neurophysiology, Neuroscience Center, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carlos Paladini
- UTSA Neuroscience Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jörg Striessnig
- University of Innsbruck, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Biosciences, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Carmen C. Canavier
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases CIMD, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases CIMD, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jochen Roeper
- Goethe University, Institute of Neurophysiology, Neuroscience Center, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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213
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Abstract
Network-based systems are at the core of our everyday life. Whether it is electronic networking, electricity grids or transportation, users expect the networks to function properly and provide a feeling of safety and security. However, there may be disturbances. In this paper, we consider disturbances in the context of public transportation. The focus in this respect is on public transport planning and operations. To classify and cope with disturbances, one can find many ideas, including robustness, resilience, vulnerability, disruption mitigation or delay management. We survey related streams of literature and put them into perspective. As a major insight we show that different strands of literature exist that may benefit from becoming better connected and intertwined. Together with recent advances in information technology and solution methods, more integrated problem settings incorporating robustness and disturbances can play a major role in future planning and operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ge
- Institute of Information Systems, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Voß
- Institute of Information Systems, University of Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 5, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lin Xie
- Institute of Information Systems, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
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214
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Herwerth M, Kenet S, Schifferer M, Winkler A, Weber M, Snaidero N, Wang M, Lohrberg M, Bennett JL, Stadelmann C, Hemmer B, Misgeld T. A new form of axonal pathology in a spinal model of neuromyelitis optica. Brain 2022; 145:1726-1742. [PMID: 35202467 PMCID: PMC9166560 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease, which primarily targets astrocytes and often results in severe axon injury of unknown mechanism. Neuromyelitis optica patients harbour autoantibodies against the astrocytic water channel protein, aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG), which induce complement-mediated astrocyte lysis and subsequent axon damage. Using spinal in vivo imaging in a mouse model of such astrocytopathic lesions, we explored the mechanism underlying neuromyelitis optica-related axon injury. Many axons showed a swift and morphologically distinct 'pearls-on-string' transformation also readily detectable in human neuromyelitis optica lesions, which especially affected small calibre axons independently of myelination. Functional imaging revealed that calcium homeostasis was initially preserved in this 'acute axonal beading' state, ruling out disruption of the axonal membrane, which sets this form of axon injury apart from previously described forms of traumatic and inflammatory axon damage. Morphological, pharmacological and genetic analyses showed that AQP4-IgG-induced axon injury involved osmotic stress and ionic overload, but does not appear to use canonical pathways of Wallerian-like degeneration. Subcellular analysis demonstrated remodelling of the axonal cytoskeleton in beaded axons, especially local loss of microtubules. Treatment with the microtubule stabilizer epothilone, a putative therapy approach for traumatic and degenerative axonopathies, prevented axonal beading, while destabilizing microtubules sensitized axons for beading. Our results reveal a distinct form of immune-mediated axon pathology in neuromyelitis optica that mechanistically differs from known cascades of post-traumatic and inflammatory axon loss, and suggest a new strategy for neuroprotection in neuromyelitis optica and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Herwerth
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Selin Kenet
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Schifferer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Winkler
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Weber
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Snaidero
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mengzhe Wang
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Lohrberg
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jeffrey L. Bennett
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Programs in Neuroscience and Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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215
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Senel E, Rajewsky N, Karaiskos N. Optocoder: computational decoding of spatially indexed bead arrays. NAR Genom Bioinform 2022; 4:lqac042. [PMID: 35685220 PMCID: PMC9172073 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancing technologies that quantify gene expression in space are transforming contemporary biology research. A class of spatial transcriptomics methods uses barcoded bead arrays that are optically decoded via microscopy and are later matched to sequenced data from the respective libraries. To obtain a detailed representation of the tissue in space, robust and efficient computational pipelines are required to process microscopy images and accurately basecall the bead barcodes. Optocoder is a computational framework that processes microscopy images to decode bead barcodes in space. It efficiently aligns images, detects beads, and corrects for confounding factors of the fluorescence signal, such as crosstalk and phasing. Furthermore, Optocoder employs supervised machine learning to strongly increase the number of matches between optically decoded and sequenced barcodes. We benchmark Optocoder using data from an in-house spatial transcriptomics platform, as well as from Slide-Seq(V2), and we show that it efficiently processes all datasets without modification. Optocoder is publicly available, open-source and provided as a stand-alone Python package on GitHub: https://github.com/rajewsky-lab/optocoder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enes Senel
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Rajewsky
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie, 10099 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikos Karaiskos
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
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216
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Roy-Luzarraga M, Reynolds LE, de Luxán-Delgado B, Maiques O, Wisniewski L, Newport E, Rajeeve V, Drake RJ, Gómez-Escudero J, Richards FM, Weller C, Dormann C, Meng YM, Vermeulen PB, Saur D, Sanz-Moreno V, Wong PP, Géraud C, Cutillas PR, Hodivala-Dilke K. Suppression of Endothelial Cell FAK Expression Reduces Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Metastasis after Gemcitabine Treatment. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1909-1925. [PMID: 35350066 PMCID: PMC9381116 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite substantial advances in the treatment of solid cancers, resistance to therapy remains a major obstacle to prolonged progression-free survival. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive cancers, with a high level of liver metastasis. Primary PDAC is highly hypoxic, and metastases are resistant to first-line treatment, including gemcitabine. Recent studies have indicated that endothelial cell (EC) focal adhesion kinase (FAK) regulates DNA-damaging therapy-induced angiocrine factors and chemosensitivity in primary tumor models. Here, we show that inducible loss of EC-FAK in both orthotopic and spontaneous mouse models of PDAC is not sufficient to affect primary tumor growth but reduces liver and lung metastasis load and improves survival rates in gemcitabine-treated, but not untreated, mice. EC-FAK loss did not affect primary tumor angiogenesis, tumor blood vessel leakage, or early events in metastasis, including the numbers of circulating tumor cells, tumor cell homing, or metastatic seeding. Phosphoproteomics analysis showed a downregulation of the MAPK, RAF, and PAK signaling pathways in gemcitabine-treated FAK-depleted ECs compared with gemcitabine-treated wild-type ECs. Moreover, low levels of EC-FAK correlated with increased survival and reduced relapse in gemcitabine-treated patients with PDAC, supporting the clinical relevance of these findings. Altogether, we have identified a new role of EC-FAK in regulating PDAC metastasis upon gemcitabine treatment that impacts outcome. SIGNIFICANCE These findings establish the potential utility of combinatorial endothelial cell FAK targeting together with gemcitabine in future clinical applications to control metastasis in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Roy-Luzarraga
- Barts Cancer Institute—A CR-UK Center of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Center, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise E. Reynolds
- Barts Cancer Institute—A CR-UK Center of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Center, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz de Luxán-Delgado
- Barts Cancer Institute—A CR-UK Center of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Center, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Maiques
- Barts Cancer Institute—A CR-UK Center of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Center, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Wisniewski
- Barts Cancer Institute—A CR-UK Center of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Center, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Newport
- Barts Cancer Institute—A CR-UK Center of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Center, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vinothini Rajeeve
- Barts Cancer Institute—A CR-UK Center of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Center, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J.G. Drake
- Barts Cancer Institute—A CR-UK Center of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Center, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jesús Gómez-Escudero
- Barts Cancer Institute—A CR-UK Center of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Center, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frances M. Richards
- Translational Medicine Operations, Astrazeneca Oncology, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Céline Weller
- Department of Dermatology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christof Dormann
- Department of Dermatology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ya-Ming Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peter B. Vermeulen
- Department of Oncological Research, Translational Cancer Research Unit, Oncology Center GZA—GZA Hospitals St. Augustinus and University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dieter Saur
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute for Experimental Cancer Therapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Barts Cancer Institute—A CR-UK Center of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Center, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ping-Pui Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cyrill Géraud
- Department of Dermatology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Pedro R. Cutillas
- Barts Cancer Institute—A CR-UK Center of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Center, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kairbaan Hodivala-Dilke
- Barts Cancer Institute—A CR-UK Center of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Center, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
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217
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Rauskolb S, Andreska T, Fries S, von Collenberg CR, Blum R, Monoranu CM, Villmann C, Sendtner M. Insulin-like growth factor 5 associates with human Aß plaques and promotes cognitive impairment. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:68. [PMID: 35513854 PMCID: PMC9074221 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk factors such as dysregulation of Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling have been linked to Alzheimer's disease. Here we show that Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5 (Igfbp5), an inhibitory binding protein for insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf-1) accumulates in hippocampal pyramidal neurons and in amyloid plaques in brains of Alzheimer patients. We investigated the pathogenic relevance of this finding with transgenic mice overexpressing Igfbp5 in pyramidal neurons of the brain. Neuronal overexpression of Igfbp5 prevents the training-induced increase of hippocampal and cortical Bdnf expression and reduces the effects of exercise on memory retention, but not on learning acquisition. Hence, elevated IGFBP5 expression could be responsible for some of the early cognitive deficits that occur during the course of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Rauskolb
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Andreska
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sophie Fries
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cora Ruedt von Collenberg
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Blum
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Camelia-Maria Monoranu
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Villmann
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
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218
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Akbil B, Meyer T, Stubbemann P, Thibeault C, Staudacher O, Niemeyer D, Jansen J, Mühlemann B, Doehn J, Tabeling C, Nusshag C, Hirzel C, Sanchez DS, Nieters A, Lother A, Duerschmied D, Schallner N, Lieberum JN, August D, Rieg S, Falcone V, Hengel H, Kölsch U, Unterwalder N, Hübner RH, Jones TC, Suttorp N, Drosten C, Warnatz K, Spinetti T, Schefold JC, Dörner T, Sander LE, Corman VM, Merle U, Kurth F, von Bernuth H, Meisel C, Goffinet C. Early and Rapid Identification of COVID-19 Patients with Neutralizing Type I Interferon Auto-antibodies. J Clin Immunol 2022; 42:1111-1129. [PMID: 35511314 PMCID: PMC9069123 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Six to 19% of critically ill COVID-19 patients display circulating auto-antibodies against type I interferons (IFN-AABs). Here, we establish a clinically applicable strategy for early identification of IFN-AAB-positive patients for potential subsequent clinical interventions. Methods We analyzed sera of 430 COVID-19 patients from four hospitals for presence of IFN-AABs by ELISA. Binding specificity and neutralizing activity were evaluated via competition assay and virus-infection-based neutralization assay. We defined clinical parameters associated with IFN-AAB positivity. In a subgroup of critically ill patients, we analyzed effects of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) on the levels of IFN-AABs, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and clinical outcome. Results The prevalence of neutralizing AABs to IFN-α and IFN-ω in COVID-19 patients from all cohorts was 4.2% (18/430), while being undetectable in an uninfected control cohort. Neutralizing IFN-AABs were detectable exclusively in critically affected (max. WHO score 6–8), predominantly male (83%) patients (7.6%, 18/237 for IFN-α-AABs and 4.6%, 11/237 for IFN-ω-AABs in 237 patients with critical COVID-19). IFN-AABs were present early post-symptom onset and at the peak of disease. Fever and oxygen requirement at hospital admission co-presented with neutralizing IFN-AAB positivity. IFN-AABs were associated with lower probability of survival (7.7% versus 80.9% in patients without IFN-AABs). TPE reduced levels of IFN-AABs in three of five patients and may increase survival of IFN-AAB-positive patients compared to those not undergoing TPE. Conclusion IFN-AABs may serve as early biomarker for the development of severe COVID-19. We propose to implement routine screening of hospitalized COVID-19 patients for rapid identification of patients with IFN-AABs who most likely benefit from specific therapies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10875-022-01252-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengisu Akbil
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Meyer
- Labor Berlin GmbH, Department of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Sylter Str. 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Stubbemann
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Thibeault
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Staudacher
- Labor Berlin GmbH, Department of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Sylter Str. 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Charité, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny Jansen
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Mühlemann
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Charité, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Doehn
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Tabeling
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Nusshag
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cédric Hirzel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Sökler Sanchez
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- University Medical Center Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Center for Biobanking, FREEZE-Biobank, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Achim Lother
- Cardiology and Medical Intensive Care, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Cardiology and Medical Intensive Care, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Schallner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Nikolaus Lieberum
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietrich August
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Siegbert Rieg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valeria Falcone
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Kölsch
- Labor Berlin GmbH, Department of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Sylter Str. 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Unterwalder
- Labor Berlin GmbH, Department of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Sylter Str. 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf-Harto Hübner
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Terry C Jones
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Charité, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Charité, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thibaud Spinetti
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joerg C Schefold
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Dörner
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DRFZ, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif Erik Sander
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Charité, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Labor Berlin GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Kurth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and Department of Medicine I, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Horst von Bernuth
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Labor Berlin GmbH, Department of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Sylter Str. 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Meisel
- Labor Berlin GmbH, Department of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Sylter Str. 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christine Goffinet
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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219
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Xu H, Giannetti A, Sugiyama Y, Zheng W, Schneider R, Watanabe Y, Oda Y, Persson S. Secondary cell wall patterning-connecting the dots, pits and helices. Open Biol 2022; 12:210208. [PMID: 35506204 PMCID: PMC9065968 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
All plant cells are encased in primary cell walls that determine plant morphology, but also protect the cells against the environment. Certain cells also produce a secondary wall that supports mechanically demanding processes, such as maintaining plant body stature and water transport inside plants. Both these walls are primarily composed of polysaccharides that are arranged in certain patterns to support cell functions. A key requisite for patterned cell walls is the arrangement of cortical microtubules that may direct the delivery of wall polymers and/or cell wall producing enzymes to certain plasma membrane locations. Microtubules also steer the synthesis of cellulose-the load-bearing structure in cell walls-at the plasma membrane. The organization and behaviour of the microtubule array are thus of fundamental importance to cell wall patterns. These aspects are controlled by the coordinated effort of small GTPases that probably coordinate a Turing's reaction-diffusion mechanism to drive microtubule patterns. Here, we give an overview on how wall patterns form in the water-transporting xylem vessels of plants. We discuss systems that have been used to dissect mechanisms that underpin the xylem wall patterns, emphasizing the VND6 and VND7 inducible systems, and outline challenges that lay ahead in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Xu
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Alessandro Giannetti
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Yuki Sugiyama
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Wenna Zheng
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - René Schneider
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology Department, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yoichiro Watanabe
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Oda
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Staffan Persson
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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220
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Johanns SI, Gantin RG, Wangala B, Komlan K, Halatoko WA, Banla M, Karabou P, Luty AJF, Schulz-Key H, Köhler C, Soboslay PT. Onchocerca volvulus-specific antibody and cellular responses in onchocerciasis patients treated annually with ivermectin for 30 years and exposed to parasite transmission in central Togo. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010340. [PMID: 35503786 PMCID: PMC9064110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annual mass drug administrations (MDA) of ivermectin will strongly reduce Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae (mf) in the skin and in the onchocerciasis patients' eyes. Ivermectin treatment will also affect the expression of immunity in patients, such that activated immune defenses may help control and contribute to clearance of mf of O. volvulus. Longitudinal surveys are a prerequisite to determining the impact of ivermectin on the status of anti-parasite immunity, notably in risk zones where parasite transmission and active O. volvulus infections persist. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Onchocerciasis patients were treated annually with ivermectin and their Onchocerca volvulus antigen (OvAg) specific IgG and cellular responses were investigated before and at 30 years post initial ivermectin treatment (30yPT). Repeated annual ivermectin treatments eliminated persisting O. volvulus microfilariae (mf) from the skin of patients and abrogated patent infections. The OvAg-specific IgG1 and IgG4 responses were diminished at 30yPT to the levels observed in endemic controls. Prior to starting ivermectin treatment, OvAg-induced cellular productions of IL-10, IFN-γ, CCL13, CCL17 and CCL18 were low in patients, and at 30yPT, cellular cytokine and chemokine responses increased to the levels observed in endemic controls. In contrast, mitogen(PHA)- induced IL-10, IFN-γ, CCL17 and CCL18 cellular production was diminished. This divergent response profile thus revealed increased parasite antigen-specific but reduced polyclonal cellular responsiveness in patients. The transmission of O. volvulus continued at the patients' location in the Mô river basin in central Togo 2018 and 2019 when 0.58% and 0.45%, respectively, of Simulium damnosum s.l. vector blackflies carried O. volvulus infections. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Repeated annual ivermectin treatment of onchocerciasis patients durably inhibited their patent O. volvulus infections despite ongoing low-level parasite transmission in the study area. Repeated MDA with ivermectin affects the expression of immunity in patients. O. volvulus parasite-specific antibody levels diminished to levels seen in infection-free endemic controls. With low antibody levels, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic responses against tissue-dwelling O. volvulus larvae will weaken. O. volvulus antigen inducible cytokine and chemokine production increased in treated mf-negative patients, while their innate responsiveness to mitogen declined. Such lower innate responsiveness in elderly patients could contribute to reduced adaptive immune responses to parasite infections and vaccines. On the other hand, increased specific cellular chemokine responses in mf-negative onchocerciasis patients could reflect effector cell activation against tissue invasive larval stages of O. volvulus. The annual Simulium damnosum s.l. biting rate observed in the Mô river basin was similar to levels prior to initiation of MDA with ivermectin, and the positive rtPCR results reported here confirm ongoing O. volvulus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia I. Johanns
- University Clinics Tübingen, Institute for Tropical Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Richard G. Gantin
- Onchocerciasis Reference Laboratory, Institut National d’Hygiene, Centre Hospitalier Regional, Sokode, Togo
| | - Bawoubadi Wangala
- Onchocerciasis Reference Laboratory, Institut National d’Hygiene, Centre Hospitalier Regional, Sokode, Togo
| | | | | | - Meba Banla
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Adrian JF Luty
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France
| | - Hartwig Schulz-Key
- University Clinics Tübingen, Institute for Tropical Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Köhler
- University Clinics Tübingen, Institute for Tropical Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter T. Soboslay
- University Clinics Tübingen, Institute for Tropical Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
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221
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Bauer A, Puglisi M, Nagl D, Schick JA, Werner T, Klingl A, El Andari J, Hornung V, Kessler H, Götz M, Grimm D, Brack‐Werner R. Molecular Signature of Astrocytes for Gene Delivery by the Synthetic Adeno-Associated Viral Vector rAAV9P1. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2104979. [PMID: 35398994 PMCID: PMC9165502 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes have crucial functions in the central nervous system (CNS) and are major players in many CNS diseases. Research on astrocyte-centered diseases requires efficient and well-characterized gene transfer vectors. Vectors derived from the Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) target astrocytes in the brains of rodents and nonhuman primates. A recombinant (r) synthetic peptide-displaying AAV9 variant, rAAV9P1, that efficiently and selectively transduces cultured human astrocytes, has been described previously. Here, it is shown that rAAV9P1 retains astrocyte-targeting properties upon intravenous injection in mice. Detailed analysis of putative receptors on human astrocytes shows that rAAV9P1 utilizes integrin subunits αv, β8, and either β3 or β5 as well as the AAV receptor AAVR. This receptor pattern is distinct from that of vectors derived from wildtype AAV2 or AAV9. Furthermore, a CRISPR/Cas9 genome-wide knockout screening revealed the involvement of several astrocyte-associated intracellular signaling pathways in the transduction of human astrocytes by rAAV9P1. This study delineates the unique receptor and intracellular pathway signatures utilized by rAAV9P1 for targeting human astrocytes. These results enhance the understanding of the transduction biology of synthetic rAAV vectors for astrocytes and can promote the development of advanced astrocyte-selective gene delivery vehicles for research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Bauer
- Institute of VirologyHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherberg85764Germany
| | - Matteo Puglisi
- Physiological GenomicsBiomedical Center (BMC)Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität (LMU)Planegg‐Martinsried82152Germany
- Institute for Stem Cell ResearchHelmholtz Center MunichBiomedical Center (BMC)Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität (LMU)Planegg‐Martinsried82152Germany
| | - Dennis Nagl
- Gene Center and Department of BiochemistryLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversitätMunich81377Germany
| | - Joel A Schick
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and PharmacologyGenetics and Cellular Engineering GroupHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherberg85764Germany
| | - Thomas Werner
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics & Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Andreas Klingl
- Plant Development and Electron MicroscopyDepartment Biology IBiocenterLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität (LMU)Planegg‐Martinsried82152Germany
| | - Jihad El Andari
- BioQuant Center and Cluster of Excellence CellNetworks at Heidelberg UniversityHeidelberg69120Germany
- Department of Infectious DiseasesVirologyMedical FacultyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelberg69120Germany
| | - Veit Hornung
- Gene Center and Department of BiochemistryLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversitätMunich81377Germany
| | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM)Department ChemieTechnische Universität MünchenGarching85748Germany
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Physiological GenomicsBiomedical Center (BMC)Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität (LMU)Planegg‐Martinsried82152Germany
- Institute for Stem Cell ResearchHelmholtz Center MunichBiomedical Center (BMC)Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität (LMU)Planegg‐Martinsried82152Germany
- Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology (SYNERGY)Munich81377Germany
| | - Dirk Grimm
- BioQuant Center and Cluster of Excellence CellNetworks at Heidelberg UniversityHeidelberg69120Germany
- Department of Infectious DiseasesVirologyMedical FacultyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelberg69120Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner site HeidelbergHeidelberg69120Germany
| | - Ruth Brack‐Werner
- Institute of VirologyHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherberg85764Germany
- Department of Biology IILudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität (LMU)Planegg‐Martinsried82152Germany
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222
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Raffeiner M, Üstün S, Guerra T, Spinti D, Fitzner M, Sonnewald S, Baldermann S, Börnke F. The Xanthomonas type-III effector XopS stabilizes CaWRKY40a to regulate defense responses and stomatal immunity in pepper (Capsicum annuum). Plant Cell 2022; 34:1684-1708. [PMID: 35134217 PMCID: PMC9048924 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
As a critical part of plant immunity, cells that are attacked by pathogens undergo rapid transcriptional reprogramming to minimize virulence. Many bacterial phytopathogens use type III effector (T3E) proteins to interfere with plant defense responses, including this transcriptional reprogramming. Here, we show that Xanthomonas outer protein S (XopS), a T3E of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv), interacts with and inhibits proteasomal degradation of WRKY40, a transcriptional regulator of defense gene expression. Virus-induced gene silencing of WRKY40 in pepper (Capsicum annuum) enhanced plant tolerance to Xcv infection, indicating that WRKY40 represses immunity. Stabilization of WRKY40 by XopS reduces the expression of its targets, which include salicylic acid-responsive genes and the jasmonic acid signaling repressor JAZ8. Xcv bacteria lacking XopS display significantly reduced virulence when surface inoculated onto susceptible pepper leaves. XopS delivery by Xcv, as well as ectopic expression of XopS in Arabidopsis thaliana or Nicotiana benthamiana, prevented stomatal closure in response to bacteria and biotic elicitors. Silencing WRKY40 in pepper or N. benthamiana abolished XopS's ability to prevent stomatal closure. This suggests that XopS interferes with both preinvasion and apoplastic defense by manipulating WRKY40 stability and downstream gene expression, eventually altering phytohormone crosstalk to promote pathogen proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Raffeiner
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren 14979, Germany
| | | | - Tiziana Guerra
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren 14979, Germany
| | - Daniela Spinti
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren 14979, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Maria Fitzner
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren 14979, Germany
| | - Sophia Sonnewald
- Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren 14979, Germany
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal 14558, Germany
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223
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Bondorf L, Fiorio JL, Bon V, Zhang L, Maliuta M, Ehrling S, Senkovska I, Evans JD, Joswig JO, Kaskel S, Heine T, Hirscher M. Isotope-selective pore opening in a flexible metal-organic framework. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabn7035. [PMID: 35417239 PMCID: PMC9007508 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn7035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flexible metal-organic frameworks that show reversible guest-induced phase transitions between closed and open pore phases have enormous potential for highly selective, energy-efficient gas separations. Here, we present the gate-opening process of DUT-8(Ni) that selectively responds to D2, whereas no response is observed for H2 and HD. In situ neutron diffraction directly reveals this pressure-dependent phase transition. Low-temperature thermal desorption spectroscopy measurements indicate an outstanding D2-over-H2 selectivity of 11.6 at 23.3 K, with high D2 uptake. First-principles calculations coupled with statistical thermodynamics predict the isotope-selective gate opening, rationalized by pronounced nuclear quantum effects. Simulations suggest DUT-8(Ni) to remain closed in the presence of HT, while it also opens for DT and T2, demonstrating gate opening as a highly effective approach for isotopolog separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Bondorf
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jhonatan Luiz Fiorio
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Mommsenstr. 13, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Bon
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Mommsenstr. 13, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Linda Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mariia Maliuta
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Mommsenstr. 13, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ehrling
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Mommsenstr. 13, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Irena Senkovska
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Mommsenstr. 13, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jack D. Evans
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Mommsenstr. 13, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Jan-Ole Joswig
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Mommsenstr. 13, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Mommsenstr. 13, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Mommsenstr. 13, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Center Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig Research Site, Permoserstr. 15, 04138 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Hirscher
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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224
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Laidig F, Hüsken A, Rentel D, Piepho HP. Protein use efficiency and stability of baking quality in winter wheat based on the relation of loaf volume and grain protein content. Theor Appl Genet 2022; 135:1331-1343. [PMID: 35088105 PMCID: PMC9033720 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach based on the loaf volume-grain protein content relation is suggested to consider the static protein use efficiency and stability as efficient quality-related descriptors for wheat varieties. The most important trait for baking quality of winter wheat is loaf volume (V). It is mostly determined by grain protein content (GPC) and quality. New varieties with a high potential of grain protein use efficiency (ProtUE) are very important for reducing the surplus use of nitrogen fertilizer in areas where nitrogen leaching is large. This is also an important goal of agricultural policies in the European Union. Additionally, ProtUE needs to be very stable across environments in the face of progressing climate change with more volatile growing conditions. We evaluated a new approach to assess ProtUE and stability based on the V-GPC relationship instead of using only single traits. The study comprised 11,775 baking tests from 355 varieties grown 1988-2019 in 668 different environments in Germany. V was predicted by quadratic and linear regression functions for quality groups, indicating a reduction of ProtUE from 1988 to 2019. We introduced a dynamic and a static approach to assess ProtUE and stability as potential criteria in variety registration. We found a considerably lower heritability of the dynamic ProtUE (h2 = 43%) compared to the static ProtUE (h2 = 92%) and a lower dynamic stability (h2 = 32%) than for the static stability (h2 = 51%). None of these measures is in conflict with the selection for high V. In particular, V and static ProtUE are strongly genetically associated (r = 0.81), indicating an advantage of the static over the dynamic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Laidig
- Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Biostatistics Unit, Fruwirthstrasse 23, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Hüsken
- Department of Safety and Quality of Cereals, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Schuetzenberg 12, 32756, Detmold, Germany
| | - Dirk Rentel
- Bundessortenamt, Osterfelddamm 60, 30627, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Piepho
- Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Biostatistics Unit, Fruwirthstrasse 23, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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225
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Senko AN, Overall RW, Silhavy J, Mlejnek P, Malínská H, Hüttl M, Marková I, Fabel KS, Lu L, Stuchlik A, Williams RW, Pravenec M, Kempermann G. Systems genetics in the rat HXB/BXH family identifies Tti2 as a pleiotropic quantitative trait gene for adult hippocampal neurogenesis and serum glucose. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1009638. [PMID: 35377872 PMCID: PMC9060359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus contributes to learning and memory in the healthy brain but is dysregulated in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. The molecular relationships between neural stem cell activity, adult neurogenesis, and global metabolism are largely unknown. Here we applied unbiased systems genetics methods to quantify genetic covariation among adult neurogenesis and metabolic phenotypes in peripheral tissues of a genetically diverse family of rat strains, derived from a cross between the spontaneously hypertensive (SHR/OlaIpcv) strain and Brown Norway (BN-Lx/Cub). The HXB/BXH family is a very well established model to dissect genetic variants that modulate metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and we have accumulated deep phenome and transcriptome data in a FAIR-compliant resource for systematic and integrative analyses. Here we measured rates of precursor cell proliferation, survival of new neurons, and gene expression in the hippocampus of the entire HXB/BXH family, including both parents. These data were combined with published metabolic phenotypes to detect a neurometabolic quantitative trait locus (QTL) for serum glucose and neuronal survival on Chromosome 16: 62.1-66.3 Mb. We subsequently fine-mapped the key phenotype to a locus that includes the Telo2-interacting protein 2 gene (Tti2)-a chaperone that modulates the activity and stability of PIKK kinases. To verify the hypothesis that differences in neurogenesis and glucose levels are caused by a polymorphism in Tti2, we generated a targeted frameshift mutation on the SHR/OlaIpcv background. Heterozygous SHR-Tti2+/- mutants had lower rates of hippocampal neurogenesis and hallmarks of dysglycemia compared to wild-type littermates. Our findings highlight Tti2 as a causal genetic link between glucose metabolism and structural brain plasticity. In humans, more than 800 genomic variants are linked to TTI2 expression, seven of which have associations to protein and blood stem cell factor concentrations, blood pressure and frontotemporal dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N. Senko
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Germany
- CRTD–Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Rupert W. Overall
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Germany
- CRTD–Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Silhavy
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Mlejnek
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Malínská
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hüttl
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Marková
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klaus S. Fabel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Germany
- CRTD–Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ales Stuchlik
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert W. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gerd Kempermann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Germany
- CRTD–Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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226
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Immler R, Nadolni W, Bertsch A, Morikis V, Rohwedder I, Masgrau-Alsina S, Schroll T, Yevtushenko A, Soehnlein O, Moser M, Gudermann T, Barnea ER, Rehberg M, Simon SI, Zierler S, Pruenster M, Sperandio M. The voltage-gated potassium channel KV1.3 regulates neutrophil recruitment during inflammation. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:1289-1302. [PMID: 33881519 PMCID: PMC8953450 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Neutrophil trafficking within the vasculature strongly relies on intracellular calcium signalling. Sustained Ca2+ influx into the cell requires a compensatory efflux of potassium to maintain membrane potential. Here, we aimed to investigate whether the voltage-gated potassium channel KV1.3 regulates neutrophil function during the acute inflammatory process by affecting sustained Ca2+ signalling. METHODS AND RESULTS Using in vitro assays and electrophysiological techniques, we show that KV1.3 is functionally expressed in human neutrophils regulating sustained store-operated Ca2+ entry through membrane potential stabilizing K+ efflux. Inhibition of KV1.3 on neutrophils by the specific inhibitor 5-(4-Phenoxybutoxy)psoralen (PAP-1) impaired intracellular Ca2+ signalling, thereby preventing cellular spreading, adhesion strengthening, and appropriate crawling under flow conditions in vitro. Using intravital microscopy, we show that pharmacological blockade or genetic deletion of KV1.3 in mice decreased neutrophil adhesion in a blood flow dependent fashion in inflamed cremaster muscle venules. Furthermore, we identified KV1.3 as a critical component for neutrophil extravasation into the inflamed peritoneal cavity. Finally, we also revealed impaired phagocytosis of Escherichia coli particles by neutrophils in the absence of KV1.3. CONCLUSION We show that the voltage-gated potassium channel KV1.3 is critical for Ca2+ signalling and neutrophil trafficking during acute inflammatory processes. Our findings do not only provide evidence for a role of KV1.3 for sustained calcium signalling in neutrophils affecting key functions of these cells, they also open up new therapeutic approaches to treat inflammatory disorders characterized by overwhelming neutrophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Immler
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wiebke Nadolni
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestraße 33, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Annika Bertsch
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Vasilios Morikis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, 451 E. Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ina Rohwedder
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sergi Masgrau-Alsina
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tobias Schroll
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anna Yevtushenko
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Pettenkofer Straße 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa), Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Von-Enmarch-Straße 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Moser
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Einsteinstraße 25, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestraße 33, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Eytan R Barnea
- BioIncept LLC, New York, 140 East 40th Street #11E, NY 10016, USA
| | - Markus Rehberg
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Scott I Simon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, 451 E. Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Susanna Zierler
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestraße 33, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Pruenster
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Roca-Bonet S, Ripoll M. Self-phoretic Brownian dynamics simulations. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2022; 45:25. [PMID: 35303182 PMCID: PMC8933386 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-022-00177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A realistic and effective model to simulate phoretic Brownian dynamics swimmers based on the general form of the thermophoretic force is here presented. The collective behavior of self-phoretic dimers is investigated with this model and compared with two simpler versions, allowing the understanding of the subtle interplay of steric interactions, propulsion, and phoretic effects. The phoretic Brownian dynamics method has control parameters which can be tuned to closely map the properties of experiments or simulations with explicit solvent, in particular those performed with multiparticle collision dynamics. The combination of the phoretic Brownian method and multiparticle collision dynamics is a powerful tool to precisely identify the importance of hydrodynamic interactions in systems of self-phoretic swimmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Roca-Bonet
- Theoretical Physics of Living Matter, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Marisol Ripoll
- Theoretical Physics of Living Matter, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
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228
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Wamp S, Rothe P, Stern D, Holland G, Döhling J, Halbedel S. MurA escape mutations uncouple peptidoglycan biosynthesis from PrkA signaling. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010406. [PMID: 35294506 PMCID: PMC8959180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-positive bacteria are protected by a thick mesh of peptidoglycan (PG) completely engulfing their cells. This PG network is the main component of the bacterial cell wall, it provides rigidity and acts as foundation for the attachment of other surface molecules. Biosynthesis of PG consumes a high amount of cellular resources and therefore requires careful adjustments to environmental conditions. An important switch in the control of PG biosynthesis of Listeria monocytogenes, a Gram-positive pathogen with a high infection fatality rate, is the serine/threonine protein kinase PrkA. A key substrate of this kinase is the small cytosolic protein ReoM. We have shown previously that ReoM phosphorylation regulates PG formation through control of MurA stability. MurA catalyzes the first step in PG biosynthesis and the current model suggests that phosphorylated ReoM prevents MurA degradation by the ClpCP protease. In contrast, conditions leading to ReoM dephosphorylation stimulate MurA degradation. How ReoM controls degradation of MurA and potential other substrates is not understood. Also, the individual contribution of the ~20 other known PrkA targets to PG biosynthesis regulation is unknown. We here present murA mutants which escape proteolytic degradation. The release of MurA from ClpCP-dependent proteolysis was able to activate PG biosynthesis and further enhanced the intrinsic cephalosporin resistance of L. monocytogenes. This latter effect required the RodA3/PBP B3 transglycosylase/transpeptidase pair. One murA escape mutation not only fully rescued an otherwise non-viable prkA mutant during growth in batch culture and inside macrophages but also overcompensated cephalosporin hypersensitivity. Our data collectively indicate that the main purpose of PrkA-mediated signaling in L. monocytogenes is control of MurA stability during standard laboratory growth conditions and intracellular growth in macrophages. These findings have important implications for the understanding of PG biosynthesis regulation and β-lactam resistance of L. monocytogenes and related Gram-positive bacteria. Peptidoglycan (PG) is the main component of the bacterial cell wall and many of the PG synthesizing enzymes are antibiotic targets. We previously have discovered a new signaling route controlling PG production in the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. This route also determines the intrinsic resistance of L. monocytogenes against cephalosporins, a group of β-lactam antibiotics. Signaling involves PrkA, a membrane-embedded protein kinase, that is activated during cell wall stress to phosphorylate its target ReoM. Depending on its phosphorylation, ReoM activates or inactivates PG production by controlling the proteolytic stability of MurA, which catalyzes the first step in PG biosynthesis. MurA degradation depends on the ClpCP protease and we here have isolated murA mutations that escape this degradation. Using these mutants, we could show that regulation of PG biosynthesis through control of MurA stability is an important purpose of PrkA-mediated signaling in L. monocytogenes. Further experiments identified the transglycosylase RodA and the transpeptidase PBP B3 as additional downstream factors. Our results suggest that both proteins act together to translate the signals received by PrkA into adjustment of PG biosynthesis. These findings shed new light on the regulation of PG biosynthesis in Gram-positive bacteria with intrinsic β-lactam resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Wamp
- FG11 - Division of Enteropathogenic bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Patricia Rothe
- FG11 - Division of Enteropathogenic bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Daniel Stern
- ZBS3 - Biological Toxins, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gudrun Holland
- ZBS4 - Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janina Döhling
- FG11 - Division of Enteropathogenic bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Sven Halbedel
- FG11 - Division of Enteropathogenic bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
- * E-mail:
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229
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Ernst L, Wohl J, Bauerbach E, Petersen M. Hydroxycinnamoyltransferase and CYP98 in phenolic metabolism in the rosmarinic acid-producing hornwort Anthoceros agrestis. Planta 2022; 255:75. [PMID: 35235057 PMCID: PMC8891189 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Anthoceros agrestis hydroxycinnamoyltransferase accepts shikimic and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acids while hydroxycinnamoylester/amide 3-hydroxylase (CYP98A147) preferred p-coumaroyl-(3-hydroxy)anthranilic acid compared to the shikimic acid derivative. Alternative pathways towards rosmarinic acid have to be considered. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a well-known ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid. In the search for enzymes involved in RA biosynthesis in the hornwort Anthoceros agrestis, the hydroxycinnamoyltransferase sequence with the highest similarity to rosmarinic acid synthase from Lamiaceae has been amplified and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. In parallel, the single cytochrome P450 sequence belonging to the CYP98 group in Anthoceros agrestis was isolated and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae which did not result in protein formation. Codon optimization and co-expression with NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) from Coleus blumei resulted in the formation of active enzymes. Both, the hydroxycinnamoyltransferase and CYP98 were characterized with respect to their temperature and pH optimum as well as their substrate acceptance. The hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (AaHCT6) readily accepted p-coumaroyl- and caffeoyl-CoA with a slightly higher affinity towards p-coumaroyl-CoA. The best acceptor substrate was shikimic acid (Km 25 µM with p-coumaroyl-CoA) followed by 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (Km 153 µM with p-coumaroyl-CoA). Another accepted substrate was 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid. Anthranilic acid and 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (as precursor for RA) were not used as substrates. p-Coumaroylesters and -amides are substrates hydroxylated by CYP98 hydroxylases. The only CYP98 sequence from Anthoceros agrestis is CYP98A147. The best substrates for the NADPH-dependent hydroxylation were p-coumaroylanthranilic and p-coumaroyl-3-hydroxyanthranilic acids while p-coumaroylshikimic and p-coumaroyl-4-hydroxyphenyllactic acids were poor substrates. The biosynthetic pathway towards rosmarinic acid thus still remains open and other enzyme classes as well as an earlier introduction of the 3-hydroxyl group to afford the caffeic acid substitution pattern must be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Ernst
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia Wohl
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elke Bauerbach
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Maike Petersen
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany.
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230
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Kampowski T, Schuler B, Speck T, Poppinga S. The effects of substrate porosity, mechanical substrate properties and loading conditions on the attachment performance of the Mediterranean medicinal leech ( Hirudo verbana). J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220068. [PMID: 35317649 PMCID: PMC8941423 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectoparasitic lifestyle of the Mediterranean medicinal leech (Hirudo verbana) requires reliable functioning of its attachment organs (i.e. anterior and posterior suction discs) on multiple habitat- and host-specific surfaces under both normal and shear stresses. In addition to some intrinsic properties of the attachment devices, however, only a few extrinsic factors (e.g. substrate roughness and porosity) have been considered in previous studies on leech suckers. Using centrifugal force experiments, we analysed the attachment performance of H. verbana under different types of loading on artificial substrates differing in porosity and their mechanical properties. Whereas the substrate porosity significantly influenced leech attachment under normal and shear loading, the different mechanical properties did not noticeably affect attachment within the considered parameter limits. Furthermore, suction was confirmed to be the primary attachment mechanism independent of the prevailing loading condition. The question of whether the suction cups of H. verbana are adapted to a specific loading condition could not be answered. In any case, our results again highlight the high functional resilience of leech suckers guaranteeing a successful ectoparasitic lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Kampowski
- Plant Biomechanics Group (PBG), Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schuler
- Plant Biomechanics Group (PBG), Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Thomas Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group (PBG), Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS@ FIT – Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Simon Poppinga
- Plant Biomechanics Group (PBG), Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS@ FIT – Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Current address: Botanical Garden, Technical University of Darmstadt, Department of Biology, Schnittspahnstr. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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231
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Besedovsky L, Dang R, Engert LC, Goldstein MR, Devine JK, Bertisch SM, Mullington JM, Simpson N, Haack M. Differential effects of an experimental model of prolonged sleep disturbance on inflammation in healthy females and males. PNAS Nexus 2022; 1:pgac004. [PMID: 36380854 PMCID: PMC9648610 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances, including disrupted sleep and short sleep duration, are highly prevalent and are prospectively associated with an increased risk for various widespread diseases, including cardiometabolic, neurodegenerative, chronic pain, and autoimmune diseases. Systemic inflammation, which has been observed in populations experiencing sleep disturbances, may mechanistically link disturbed sleep with increased disease risks. To determine whether sleep disturbances are causally responsible for the inflammatory changes reported in population-based studies, we developed a 19-day in-hospital experimental model of prolonged sleep disturbance inducing disrupted and shortened sleep. The model included delayed sleep onset, frequent nighttime awakenings, and advanced sleep offset, interspersed with intermittent nights of undisturbed sleep. This pattern aimed at providing an ecologically highly valid experimental model of the typical sleep disturbances often reported in the general and patient populations. Unexpectedly, the experimental sleep disturbance model reduced several of the assessed proinflammatory markers, namely interleukin(IL)-6 production by monocytes and plasma levels of IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP), presumably due to intermittent increases in the counterinflammatory hormone cortisol. Striking sex differences were observed with females presenting a reduction in proinflammatory markers and males showing a predominantly proinflammatory response and reductions of cortisol levels. Our findings indicate that sleep disturbances causally dysregulate inflammatory pathways, with opposing effects in females and males. These results have the potential to advance our mechanistic understanding of the pronounced sexual dimorphism in the many diseases for which sleep disturbances are a risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Besedovsky
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Dana 779, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Rammy Dang
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Dana 779, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Larissa C Engert
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Dana 779, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michael R Goldstein
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Dana 779, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jaime K Devine
- Institutes for Behavior Resources, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Suzanne M Bertisch
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Janet M Mullington
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Dana 779, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Norah Simpson
- Stanford Sleep Heath and Insomnia Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Monika Haack
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Dana 779, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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232
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Kim J, Novakovic M, Jayanthi S, Lupulescu A, Kupče Ē, Grün JT, Mertinkus K, Oxenfarth A, Schwalbe H, Frydman L. The Extended Hadamard Transform: Sensitivity-Enhanced NMR Experiments Among Labile and Non-Labile 1 Hs of SARS-CoV-2-derived RNAs. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202100704. [PMID: 34968005 PMCID: PMC9015374 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hadamard encoded saturation transfer can significantly improve the efficiency of NOE-based NMR correlations from labile protons in proteins, glycans and RNAs, increasing the sensitivity of cross-peaks by an order of magnitude and shortening experimental times by ≥100-fold. These schemes, however, fail when tackling correlations within a pool of labile protons - for instance imino-imino correlations in RNAs or amide-amide correlations in proteins. Here we analyze the origin of the artifacts appearing in these experiments and propose a way to obtain artifact-free correlations both within the labile pool as well as between labile and non-labile 1 Hs, while still enjoying the gains arising from Hadamard encoding and solvent repolarizations. The principles required for implementing what we define as the extended Hadamard scheme are derived, and its clean, artifact-free, sensitivity-enhancing performance is demonstrated on RNA fragments derived from the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Sensitivity gains per unit time approaching an order of magnitude are then achieved in both imino-imino and imino-amino/aromatic protons 2D correlations; similar artifact-free sensitivity gains can be observed when carrying out extended Hadamard encodings of 3D NOESY/HSQC-type experiments. The resulting spectra reveal significantly more correlations than their conventionally acquired counterparts, which can support the spectral assignment and secondary structure determination of structured RNA elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mihajlo Novakovic
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sundaresan Jayanthi
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Valiamala, 695 547, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Adonis Lupulescu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering IFIN-HH, 30 Reactorului Street, 077125, Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
| | - Ēriks Kupče
- Bruker UK, Banner Lane, Coventry, CV4 9GH, UK
| | - J Tassilo Grün
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Klara Mertinkus
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, 60438, FrankfurtFrankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Oxenfarth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, 60438, FrankfurtFrankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Harald Schwalbe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, 60438, FrankfurtFrankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Lucio Frydman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
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233
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Krauß L, Urban BC, Hastreiter S, Schneider C, Wenzel P, Hassan Z, Wirth M, Lankes K, Terrasi A, Klement C, Cernilogar FM, Öllinger R, de Andrade Krätzig N, Engleitner T, Schmid RM, Steiger K, Rad R, Krämer OH, Reichert M, Schotta G, Saur D, Schneider G. HDAC2 Facilitates Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Res 2022; 82:695-707. [PMID: 34903606 PMCID: PMC9359718 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The mortality of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is strongly associated with metastasis, a multistep process that is incompletely understood in this disease. Although genetic drivers of PDAC metastasis have not been defined, transcriptional and epigenetic rewiring can contribute to the metastatic process. The epigenetic eraser histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) has been connected to less differentiated PDAC, but the function of HDAC2 in PDAC has not been comprehensively evaluated. Using genetically defined models, we show that HDAC2 is a cellular fitness factor that controls cell cycle in vitro and metastasis in vivo, particularly in undifferentiated, mesenchymal PDAC cells. Unbiased expression profiling detected a core set of HDAC2-regulated genes. HDAC2 controlled expression of several prosurvival receptor tyrosine kinases connected to mesenchymal PDAC, including PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, and EGFR. The HDAC2-maintained program disabled the tumor-suppressive arm of the TGFβ pathway, explaining impaired metastasis formation of HDAC2-deficient PDAC. These data identify HDAC2 as a tractable player in the PDAC metastatic cascade. The complexity of the function of epigenetic regulators like HDAC2 implicates that an increased understanding of these proteins is needed for implementation of effective epigenetic therapies. SIGNIFICANCE HDAC2 has a context-specific role in undifferentiated PDAC and the capacity to disseminate systemically, implicating HDAC2 as targetable protein to prevent metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Krauß
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Bettina C. Urban
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Sieglinde Hastreiter
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Carolin Schneider
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Patrick Wenzel
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Zonera Hassan
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Matthias Wirth
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, German
| | - Katharina Lankes
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Andrea Terrasi
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christine Klement
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Technical University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Filippo M. Cernilogar
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rupert Öllinger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Technical University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Niklas de Andrade Krätzig
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Technical University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Thomas Engleitner
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Technical University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Roland M. Schmid
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Technical University Munich, München, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver H. Krämer
- Department of Toxicology, University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, München, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schotta
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Translational Cancer Research and Experimental Cancer Therapy, Technical University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, München, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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234
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Vorobyov V, Javadzade J, Joliffe M, Kaiser F, Wrachtrup J. Addressing Single Nuclear Spins Quantum Memories by a Central Electron Spin. Appl Magn Reson 2022; 53:1317-1330. [PMID: 35910419 PMCID: PMC9329387 DOI: 10.1007/s00723-022-01462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nuclei surrounding single electron spins are valuable resources for quantum technology. For application in this area, one is often interested in weakly coupled nuclei with coupling strength on the order of a few 10-100 kHz. In this paper, we compare methods to address single nuclear spins with this type of hyperfine coupling to a single electron spin. To achieve the required spectral resolution, we specifically focus on two methods, namely dynamical decoupling and correlation spectroscopy. We demonstrate spectroscopy of two single nuclear spins and present a method to derive components of their hyperfine coupling tensor from those measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Vorobyov
- 3rd Institute of Physics, Center for Applied Quantum Technologies and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J. Javadzade
- 3rd Institute of Physics, Center for Applied Quantum Technologies and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M. Joliffe
- 3rd Institute of Physics, Center for Applied Quantum Technologies and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F. Kaiser
- 3rd Institute of Physics, Center for Applied Quantum Technologies and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J. Wrachtrup
- 3rd Institute of Physics, Center for Applied Quantum Technologies and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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235
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Kissel T, Ge C, Hafkenscheid L, Kwekkeboom JC, Slot LM, Cavallari M, He Y, van Schie KA, Vergroesen RD, Kampstra AS, Reijm S, Stoeken-Rijsbergen G, Koeleman C, Voortman LM, Heitman LH, Xu B, Pruijn GJ, Wuhrer M, Rispens T, Huizinga TW, Scherer HU, Reth M, Holmdahl R, Toes RE. Surface Ig variable domain glycosylation affects autoantigen binding and acts as threshold for human autoreactive B cell activation. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm1759. [PMID: 35138894 PMCID: PMC8827743 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The hallmark autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis are characterized by variable domain glycans (VDGs). Their abundant occurrence results from the selective introduction of N-linked glycosylation sites during somatic hypermutation, and their presence is predictive for disease development. However, the functional consequences of VDGs on autoreactive B cells remain elusive. Combining crystallography, glycobiology, and functional B cell assays allowed us to dissect key characteristics of VDGs on human B cell biology. Crystal structures showed that VDGs are positioned in the vicinity of the antigen-binding pocket, and dynamic modeling combined with binding assays elucidated their impact on binding. We found that VDG-expressing B cell receptors stay longer on the B cell surface and that VDGs enhance B cell activation. These results provide a rationale on how the acquisition of VDGs might contribute to the breach of tolerance of autoreactive B cells in a major human autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Kissel
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Changrong Ge
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Lise Hafkenscheid
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Linda M. Slot
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marco Cavallari
- Biology III (Department of Molecular Immunology), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yibo He
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Karin A. van Schie
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Arieke S.B. Kampstra
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sanne Reijm
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Carolien Koeleman
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lennard M. Voortman
- Department of Cell and Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Laura H. Heitman
- Oncode Institute and Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bingze Xu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ger J.M. Pruijn
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom W.J. Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hans Ulrich Scherer
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michael Reth
- Biology III (Department of Molecular Immunology), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital), 710004 Xi’an, China
| | - Rene E.M. Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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236
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Margiotoudi K, Bohn M, Schwob N, Taglialatela J, Pulvermüller F, Epping A, Schweller K, Allritz M. Bo-NO-bouba-kiki: picture-word mapping but no spontaneous sound symbolic speech-shape mapping in a language trained bonobo. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20211717. [PMID: 35105236 PMCID: PMC8808101 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans share the ability to intuitively map 'sharp' or 'round' pseudowords, such as 'bouba' versus 'kiki', to abstract edgy versus round shapes, respectively. This effect, known as sound symbolism, appears early in human development. The phylogenetic origin of this phenomenon, however, is unclear: are humans the only species capable of experiencing correspondences between speech sounds and shapes, or could similar effects be observed in other animals? Thus far, evidence from an implicit matching experiment failed to find evidence of this sound symbolic matching in great apes, suggesting its human uniqueness. However, explicit tests of sound symbolism have never been conducted with nonhuman great apes. In the present study, a language-competent bonobo completed a cross-modal matching-to-sample task in which he was asked to match spoken English words to pictures, as well as 'sharp' or 'round' pseudowords to shapes. Sound symbolic trials were interspersed among English words. The bonobo matched English words to pictures with high accuracy, but did not show any evidence of spontaneous sound symbolic matching. Our results suggest that speech exposure/comprehension alone cannot explain sound symbolism. This lends plausibility to the hypothesis that biological differences between human and nonhuman primates could account for the putative human specificity of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Margiotoudi
- Brain Language Laboratory, Department of Philosophy and Humanities, WE4, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Cognitive Psychology, CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Manuel Bohn
- Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Natalie Schwob
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jared Taglialatela
- Ape Cognition and Conservation Initiative, Des Moines, IA, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Friedemann Pulvermüller
- Brain Language Laboratory, Department of Philosophy and Humanities, WE4, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence ‘Matters of Activity’, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amanda Epping
- Ape Cognition and Conservation Initiative, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Ken Schweller
- Ape Cognition and Conservation Initiative, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Matthias Allritz
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, UK
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237
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Zellner A, Müller SA, Lindner B, Beaufort N, Rozemuller AJM, Arzberger T, Gassen NC, Lichtenthaler SF, Kuster B, Haffner C, Dichgans M. Proteomic profiling in cerebral amyloid angiopathy reveals an overlap with CADASIL highlighting accumulation of HTRA1 and its substrates. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:6. [PMID: 35074002 PMCID: PMC8785498 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is an age-related condition and a major cause of intracerebral hemorrhage and cognitive decline that shows close links with Alzheimer's disease (AD). CAA is characterized by the aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and formation of Aβ deposits in the brain vasculature resulting in a disruption of the angioarchitecture. Capillaries are a critical site of Aβ pathology in CAA type 1 and become dysfunctional during disease progression. Here, applying an advanced protocol for the isolation of parenchymal microvessels from post-mortem brain tissue combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we determined the proteomes of CAA type 1 cases (n = 12) including a patient with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis-Dutch type (HCHWA-D), and of AD cases without microvascular amyloid pathology (n = 13) in comparison to neurologically healthy controls (n = 12). ELISA measurements revealed microvascular Aβ1-40 levels to be exclusively enriched in CAA samples (mean: > 3000-fold compared to controls). The proteomic profile of CAA type 1 was characterized by massive enrichment of multiple predominantly secreted proteins and showed significant overlap with the recently reported brain microvascular proteome of patients with cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), a hereditary cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) characterized by the aggregation of the Notch3 extracellular domain. We found this overlap to be largely attributable to the accumulation of high-temperature requirement protein A1 (HTRA1), a serine protease with an established role in the brain vasculature, and several of its substrates. Notably, this signature was not present in AD cases. We further show that HTRA1 co-localizes with Aβ deposits in brain capillaries from CAA type 1 patients indicating a pathologic recruitment process. Together, these findings suggest a central role of HTRA1-dependent protein homeostasis in the CAA microvasculature and a molecular connection between multiple types of brain microvascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zellner
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephan A Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Lindner
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie Beaufort
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Annemieke J M Rozemuller
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nils C Gassen
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Christof Haffner
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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238
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Leister H, Krause FF, Mahdavi R, Steinhoff U, Visekruna A. The Role of Immunoproteasomes in Tumor-Immune Cell Interactions in Melanoma and Colon Cancer. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2022; 70:5. [PMID: 35064840 PMCID: PMC8783903 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-022-00644-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The participation of proteasomes in vital cellular and metabolic processes that are involved in tumor growth has made this protease complex an attractive target for cancer treatment. In contrast to ubiquitously available constitutive proteasome, the increased enzymatic activity of immunoproteasome is associated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells, such as antigen-presenting cells and T lymphocytes. In various tumors, an effective anti-tumor immunity is provided through generation of tumor-associated antigens by proteasomes, contributing crucially to cancer eradication by T lymphocytes. The knowledge regarding the role of immunoproteasomes in the communication between tumor cells and infiltrating immune cells is limited. Novel data suggest that the involvement of immunoproteasomes in tumorigenesis is more complex than previously thought. In the intestine, in which diverse signals from commensal bacteria and food can contribute to the onset of chronic inflammation and inflammation-driven cancer, immunoproteasomes exert tumorigenic properties by modulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors. In contrast, in melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer, the immunoproteasome acts against cancer development by promoting an effective anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we highlight the potential of immunoproteasomes to either contribute to inflammatory signaling and tumor development, or to support anti-cancer immunity. Further, we discuss novel therapeutic options for cancer treatments that are associated with modulating the activity of immunoproteasomes in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Leister
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Felix F Krause
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rouzbeh Mahdavi
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Steinhoff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Visekruna
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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239
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Löwe B, Andresen V, Van den Bergh O, Huber TB, von dem Knesebeck O, Lohse AW, Nestoriuc Y, Schneider G, Schneider SW, Schramm C, Ständer S, Vettorazzi E, Zapf A, Shedden-Mora M, Toussaint A. Persistent SOMAtic symptoms ACROSS diseases - from risk factors to modification: scientific framework and overarching protocol of the interdisciplinary SOMACROSS research unit (RU 5211). BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057596. [PMID: 35063961 PMCID: PMC8785206 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Persistent somatic symptoms (PSS) are highly prevalent in all areas of medicine; they are disabling for patients and costly for society. The subjective symptom burden often correlates poorly with the underlying disease severity, and patients' needs for effective treatment are far from being met. Initial evidence indicates that, in addition to disease-specific pathophysiological processes, psychological factors such as expectations, somatosensory amplification and prior illness experiences contribute to symptom persistence in functional as well as in somatic diseases. However, prospective studies investigating the transition from acute to chronic somatic symptoms, integrating pathophysiological, psychological and social factors, are scarce. A better understanding of the multifactorial mechanisms of symptom persistence is crucial for developing targeted mechanism-based interventions for effective prevention and treatment of PSS. Thus, the overall aim of the interdisciplinary SOMACROSS research unit is to identify generic and disease-specific risk factors and aetiological mechanisms of symptom persistence across a range of diseases. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Seven projects will investigate risk factors and mechanisms of symptom persistence in a total of 3916 patients across 10 medical conditions. All study designs are prospective and share common assessment points, core instruments and outcome variables to allow comparison and validation of results across projects and conditions. Research will focus on the identification of generic and disease-specific mechanisms associated with unfavourable symptom course. The development of a multivariate prediction model will facilitate the understanding of the course of PSS across diseases. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION All individual SOMACROSS studies were approved by the ethics committees of the Medical Chambers Hamburg and Münster, Germany. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, scientific conferences and the involvement of relevant stakeholders, patients and the lay public. This interdisciplinary research unit will fundamentally contribute to earlier recognition of patients at risk, and to the development of prevention and tailored treatment concepts for PSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Löwe
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viola Andresen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Israelitic Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Omer Van den Bergh
- Research Group on Health Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Ansgar W Lohse
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Nestoriuc
- Department of Psychology, Helmut-Schmidt-University/University of the Armed Forces Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Schneider
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan W Schneider
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schramm
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Martin Zeitz Center for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Ständer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University Center Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eik Vettorazzi
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Zapf
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Meike Shedden-Mora
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Toussaint
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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240
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Song C, Zhao J, Guichard M, Shi D, Grossmann G, Schmitt C, Jouannet V, Greb T. Strigo-D2-a bio-sensor for monitoring spatio-temporal strigolactone signaling patterns in intact plants. Plant Physiol 2022; 188:97-110. [PMID: 34718781 PMCID: PMC8774841 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of plant hormones that mediate biotic interactions and modulate developmental programs in response to endogenous and exogenous stimuli. However, a comprehensive view on the spatio-temporal pattern of SL signaling has not been established, and tools for a systematic in planta analysis do not exist. Here, we present Strigo-D2, a genetically encoded ratiometric SL signaling sensor that enables the examination of SL signaling distribution at cellular resolution and is capable of rapid response to altered SL levels in intact Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants. By monitoring the abundance of a truncated and fluorescently labeled SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1-LIKE 6 (SMXL6) protein, a proteolytic target of the SL signaling machinery, we show that all cell types investigated have the capacity to respond to changes in SL levels but with very different dynamics. In particular, SL signaling is pronounced in vascular cells but low in guard cells and the meristematic region of the root. We also show that other hormones leave Strigo-D2 activity unchanged, indicating that initial SL signaling steps work in isolation from other hormonal signaling pathways. The specificity and spatio-temporal resolution of Strigo-D2 underline the value of the sensor for monitoring SL signaling in a broad range of biological contexts with highly instructive analytical depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzheng Song
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jiao Zhao
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marjorie Guichard
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Cell and Interaction Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dongbo Shi
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Guido Grossmann
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Cell and Interaction Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Schmitt
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Virginie Jouannet
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Greb
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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241
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Kallscheuer N, Jogler C, Peeters SH, Boedeker C, Jogler M, Heuer A, Jetten MSM, Rohde M, Wiegand S. Mucisphaera calidilacus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel planctomycete of the class Phycisphaerae isolated in the shallow sea hydrothermal system of the Lipari Islands. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2022; 115:407-420. [PMID: 35050438 PMCID: PMC8882080 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01707-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For extending the current collection of axenic cultures of planctomycetes, we describe in this study the isolation and characterisation of strain Pan265T obtained from a red biofilm in the hydrothermal vent system close to the Lipari Islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea, north of Sicily, Italy. The strain forms light pink colonies on solid medium and grows as a viscous colloid in liquid culture, likely as the result of formation of a dense extracellular matrix observed during electron microscopy. Cells of the novel isolate are spherical, motile and divide by binary fission. Strain Pan265T is mesophilic (temperature optimum 30-33 °C), neutrophilic (pH optimum 7.0-8.0), aerobic and heterotrophic. The strain has a genome size of 3.49 Mb and a DNA G + C content of 63.9%. Phylogenetically, the strain belongs to the family Phycisphaeraceae, order Phycisphaerales, class Phycisphaerae. Our polyphasic analysis supports the delineation of strain Pan265T from the known genera in this family. Therefore, we conclude to assign strain Pan265T to a novel species within a novel genus, for which we propose the name Mucisphaera calidilacus gen. nov., sp. nov. The novel species is the type species of the novel genus and is represented by strain Pan265T (= DSM 100697T = CECT 30425T) as type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Kallscheuer
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbial Interactions, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Jogler
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Microbial Interactions, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
| | - Stijn H Peeters
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mareike Jogler
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbial Interactions, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Heuer
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mike S M Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sandra Wiegand
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 5, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Lautenbacher L, Samaras P, Muller J, Grafberger A, Shraideh M, Rank J, Fuchs ST, Schmidt TK, The M, Dallago C, Wittges H, Rost B, Krcmar H, Kuster B, Wilhelm M. ProteomicsDB: toward a FAIR open-source resource for life-science research. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:D1541-D1552. [PMID: 34791421 PMCID: PMC8728203 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
ProteomicsDB (https://www.ProteomicsDB.org) is a multi-omics and multi-organism resource for life science research. In this update, we present our efforts to continuously develop and expand ProteomicsDB. The major focus over the last two years was improving the findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability (FAIR) of the data as well as its implementation. For this purpose, we release a new application programming interface (API) that provides systematic access to essentially all data in ProteomicsDB. Second, we release a new open-source user interface (UI) and show the advantages the scientific community gains from such software. With the new interface, two new visualizations of protein primary, secondary and tertiary structure as well an updated spectrum viewer were added. Furthermore, we integrated ProteomicsDB with our deep-neural-network Prosit that can predict the fragmentation characteristics and retention time of peptides. The result is an automatic processing pipeline that can be used to reevaluate database search engine results stored in ProteomicsDB. In addition, we extended the data content with experiments investigating different human biology as well as a newly supported organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Lautenbacher
- Technical University of Munich, Computational Mass Spectrometry, 85354 Freising, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Patroklos Samaras
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, 85354 Freising, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Julian Muller
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, 85354 Freising, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Andreas Grafberger
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, 85354 Freising, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Marwin Shraideh
- Technical University of Munich, Chair for Information Systems, 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, SAP University Competence Center, 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Johannes Rank
- Technical University of Munich, Chair for Information Systems, 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, SAP University Competence Center, 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Simon T Fuchs
- Technical University of Munich, Chair for Information Systems, 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, SAP University Competence Center, 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Tobias K Schmidt
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, 85354 Freising, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Matthew The
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, 85354 Freising, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Christian Dallago
- Technical University of Munich, Department for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Center of Doctoral Studies in Informatics and its Applications (CeDoSIA), 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Holger Wittges
- Technical University of Munich, Chair for Information Systems, 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, SAP University Competence Center, 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Burkhard Rost
- Technical University of Munich, Department for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), 85748 Freising, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Helmut Krcmar
- Technical University of Munich, Chair for Information Systems, 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, SAP University Competence Center, 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, 85354 Freising, Bavaria, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Bavarian Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center (BayBioMS), 85354 Freising, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Mathias Wilhelm
- Technical University of Munich, Computational Mass Spectrometry, 85354 Freising, Bavaria, Germany
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Wesp S, Wolf K, Immel S, Reggelin M. Poly(arylisocyanides) as Versatile, Enantiodiscriminating Alignment Media for Small Molecules. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202100507. [PMID: 35072980 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lyotropic liquid crystalline (LLC) phases of amino acid derived polyarylisocyanides were employed as chiral alignment media for the measurement of residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) of small chiral organic molecules. Anisotropic samples in CDCl3 displayed quadrupolar splittings of the deuterium signal in the range of several hundreds of Hertz. The LLC phases showed excellent orienting properties for a broad range of analytes bearing various functional groups. The precise extraction of RDCs in the range of up to ±40 Hertz from F2-coupled HSQC spectra was possible. Additionally, the chiral environment offers the opportunity for diastereomorphous interactions with the enantiomers of chiral analytes leading to two different sets of RDCs. This differential order effect was particularly pronounced with ketones and alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Wesp
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens Schöpf Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kai Wolf
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens Schöpf Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Immel
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens Schöpf Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Reggelin
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens Schöpf Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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244
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Marrone L, Marchi PM, Webster CP, Marroccella R, Coldicott I, Reynolds S, Alves-Cruzeiro J, Yang ZL, Higginbottom A, Khundadze M, Shaw PJ, Hübner CA, Livesey MR, Azzouz M. OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2693-2710. [PMID: 35313342 PMCID: PMC9402239 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia type 15 (HSP15) is a neurodegenerative condition caused by the inability to produce SPG15 protein, which leads to lysosomal swelling. However, the link between lysosomal aberrations and neuronal death is poorly explored. To uncover the functional consequences of lysosomal aberrations in disease pathogenesis, we analyze human dermal fibroblasts from HSP15 patients as well as primary cortical neurons derived from an SPG15 knockout (KO) mouse model. We find that SPG15 protein loss induces defective anterograde transport, impaired neurite outgrowth, axonal swelling and reduced autophagic flux in association with the onset of lysosomal abnormalities. Additionally, we observe lipid accumulation within the lysosomal compartment, suggesting that distortions in cellular lipid homeostasis are intertwined with lysosomal alterations. We further demonstrate that SPG15 KO neurons exhibit synaptic dysfunction, accompanied by augmented vulnerability to glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Overall, our study establishes an intimate link between lysosomal aberrations, lipid metabolism and electrophysiological impairments, suggesting that lysosomal defects are at the core of multiple neurodegenerative disease processes in HSP15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Marrone
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Paolo M Marchi
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christopher P Webster
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Raffaele Marroccella
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ian Coldicott
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Steven Reynolds
- Academic Unit of Radiology, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - João Alves-Cruzeiro
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Zih-Liang Yang
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Adrian Higginbottom
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mukhran Khundadze
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christian A Hübner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthew R Livesey
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mimoun Azzouz
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 1142222238; Fax: +44 (0)114 2222290; Email
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Frank L, Rademacher A, Mücke N, Tirier SM, Koeleman E, Knotz C, Schumacher S, Stainczyk S, Westermann F, Fröhling S, Chudasama P, Rippe K. OUP accepted manuscript. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:e61. [PMID: 35188570 PMCID: PMC9226501 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) occurs in ∼10% of cancer entities. However, little is known about the heterogeneity of ALT activity since robust ALT detection assays with high-throughput in situ readouts are lacking. Here, we introduce ALT-FISH, a method to quantitate ALT activity in single cells from the accumulation of single-stranded telomeric DNA and RNA. It involves a one-step fluorescent in situ hybridization approach followed by fluorescence microscopy imaging. Our method reliably identified ALT in cancer cell lines from different tumor entities and was validated in three established models of ALT induction and suppression. Furthermore, we successfully applied ALT-FISH to spatially resolve ALT activity in primary tissue sections from leiomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma tumors. Thus, our assay provides insights into the heterogeneity of ALT tumors and is suited for high-throughput applications, which will facilitate screening for ALT-specific drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Frank
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Rademacher
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Mücke
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan M Tirier
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emma Koeleman
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Knotz
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schumacher
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine A Stainczyk
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Westermann
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Priya Chudasama
- Precision Sarcoma Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Rippe
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 6221 5451450;
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Bach P, Schuster R, Koopmann A, Vollstaedt-Klein S, Spanagel R, Kiefer F. Plasma calcium concentration during detoxification predicts neural cue-reactivity and craving during early abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:341-348. [PMID: 33630132 PMCID: PMC8866328 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on the pathophysiology of alcohol dependence suggest a link between peripheral calcium concentrations and alcohol craving. Here, we investigated the association between plasma calcium concentration, cue-induced brain activation, and alcohol craving. Plasma calcium concentrations were measured at the onset of inpatient detoxification in a sample of N = 115 alcohol-dependent patients. Alcohol cue-reactivity was assessed during early abstinence (mean 11.1 days) using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) alcohol cue-reactivity task. Multiple regression analyses and bivariate correlations between plasma calcium concentrations, clinical craving measures and neural alcohol cue-reactivity (CR) were tested. Results show a significant negative correlation between plasma calcium concentrations and compulsive alcohol craving. Higher calcium levels predicted higher alcohol cue-induced brain response in a cluster of frontal brain areas, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), the anterior prefrontal cortex (alPFC), and the inferior (IFG) and middle frontal gyri (MFG). In addition, functional brain activation in those areas correlated negatively with craving for alcohol during fMRI. Higher peripheral calcium concentrations during withdrawal predicted increased alcohol cue-induced brain activation in frontal brain areas, which are associated with craving inhibition and cognitive control functions. This might indicate that higher plasma calcium concentrations at onset of detoxification could modulate craving inhibition during early abstinence.Trial registration number: DRKS00003388; date of registration: 14.12.2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rilana Schuster
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
- Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200 a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Anne Koopmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Vollstaedt-Klein
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Then C, Ritzel K, Herder C, Then H, Sujana C, Heier M, Meisinger C, Peters A, Koenig W, Rathmann W, Roden M, Maalmi H, Stumvoll M, Meitinger T, Bidlingmaier M, Seissler J, Thorand B, Reincke M. Association of renin and aldosterone with glucose metabolism in a Western European population: the KORA F4/FF4 study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2022; 10:10/1/e002558. [PMID: 35086943 PMCID: PMC8796222 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary aldosteronism is associated with impaired glucose tolerance. Whether plasma aldosterone and/or renin concentrations are associated with type 2 diabetes and continuous measures of glucose metabolism in the general population is still under debate. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The analyses included 2931 participants of the KORA F4 study at baseline and 2010 participants of the KORA FF4 study after a median follow-up of 6.5 years. The associations of active plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations with type 2 diabetes and continuous measures of glucose metabolism were assessed using logistic and linear regression models. Results were adjusted for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), estimated glomerular filtration rate, potassium, use of ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta blockers, diuretics and calcium channel blockers. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, renin was associated with type 2 diabetes (OR per SD: 1.25, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.43, p<0.001), fasting glucose, 2-hour glucose, insulin, proinsulin, HOMA-B (homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function) and HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) (all p values <0.001). Aldosterone was not associated with type 2 diabetes (OR: 1.04, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.19; p=0.547) but with insulin, proinsulin and HOMA-IR (all p values <0.001). The aldosterone-renin ratio was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes and several measures of glucose metabolism. Longitudinally, neither renin (OR: 1.12, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.36) nor aldosterone (OR: 0.91, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.11) were associated with incident type 2 diabetes. Renin was inversely associated with changes of insulin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS In the KORA F4/FF4 study, renin and aldosterone were not associated with incident type 2 diabetes and largely unrelated to changes of measures of glucose metabolism. Cross-sectionally, aldosterone was associated with surrogate parameters of insulin resistance. However, these associations were not independent of renin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Then
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Ritzel
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Then
- Freie Waldorfschule Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Chaterina Sujana
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Margit Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- KORA Study Centre, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Chair of Epidemiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Haifa Maalmi
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Meitinger
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munchen, Germany
| | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
Exposure to environmental toxicants during preconception has been shown to affect offspring health and epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation are hypothesized to be involved in adverse outcomes. However, studies addressing the effects of exposure to environmental toxicants during preconception on epigenetic changes in gametes are limited. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of preconceptional exposure to a dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl [PCB126]) on DNA methylation and gene expression in testis. Adult zebrafish were exposed to 3 and 10 nM PCB126 for 24 h and testis tissue was sampled at 7 days postexposure for histology, DNA methylation, and gene expression profiling. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing revealed 37 and 92 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in response to 3 and 10 nM PCB126 exposures, respectively. Among them, 19 DMRs were found to be common between both PCB126 treatment groups. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of DMRs revealed that enrichment of terms such as RNA processing, iron-sulfur cluster assembly, and gluconeogenesis. Gene expression profiling showed differential expression of 40 and 1621 genes in response to 3 and 10 nM PCB126 exposures, respectively. GO analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed enrichment of terms related to xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress, and immune function. There is no overlap in the GO terms or individual genes between DNA methylation and RNA sequencing results, but functionally many of the altered pathways have been shown to cause spermatogenic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Engelhardt
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig D-04107, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1030, Austria
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Kaithal A, Chatterjee B, Werlé C, Leitner W. Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Methanol to Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen using Molecular Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26500-26505. [PMID: 34596302 PMCID: PMC9299216 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The acceptorless dehydrogenation of methanol to carbon monoxide and hydrogen was investigated using homogeneous molecular complexes. Complexes of ruthenium and manganese comprising the MACHO ligand framework showed promising activities for this reaction. The molecular ruthenium complex [RuH(CO)(BH4 )(HN(C2 H4 PPh2 )2 )] (Ru-MACHO-BH) achieved up to 3150 turnovers for carbon monoxide and 9230 turnovers for hydrogen formation at 150 °C reaching pressures up to 12 bar when the decomposition was carried out in a closed vessel. Control experiments affirmed that the metal complex mediates the initial fast dehydrogenation of methanol to formaldehyde and methyl formate followed by subsequent slow decarbonylation. Depending on the catalyst and reaction conditions, the CO/H2 ratio in the gas mixture thus varies over a broad range from almost pure hydrogen to the stoichiometric limit of 1:2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Kaithal
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstraße 34–3645470Mülheim a.d. RuhrGermany
| | - Basujit Chatterjee
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstraße 34–3645470Mülheim a.d. RuhrGermany
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstraße 34–3645470Mülheim a.d. RuhrGermany
- Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstraße 34–3645470Mülheim a.d. RuhrGermany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
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Huhmann S, Nyakatura EK, Rohrhofer A, Moschner J, Schmidt B, Eichler J, Roth C, Koksch B. Systematic Evaluation of Fluorination as Modification for Peptide-Based Fusion Inhibitors against HIV-1 Infection. Chembiochem 2021; 22:3443-3451. [PMID: 34605595 PMCID: PMC9297971 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of novel viruses, the development of new antivirals is more urgent than ever. A key step in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is six-helix bundle formation within the envelope protein subunit gp41. Selective disruption of bundle formation by peptides has been shown to be effective; however, these drugs, exemplified by T20, are prone to rapid clearance from the patient. The incorporation of non-natural amino acids is known to improve these pharmacokinetic properties. Here, we evaluate a peptide inhibitor in which a critical Ile residue is replaced by fluorinated analogues. We characterized the influence of the fluorinated analogues on the biophysical properties of the peptide. Furthermore, we show that the fluorinated peptides can block HIV-1 infection of target cells at nanomolar levels. These findings demonstrate that fluorinated amino acids are appropriate tools for the development of novel peptide therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Huhmann
- Freie Universität BerlinDepartment of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyInstitute of Chemistry and BiochemistryArnimallee 2014195BerlinGermany
| | - Elisabeth K. Nyakatura
- Freie Universität BerlinDepartment of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyInstitute of Chemistry and BiochemistryArnimallee 2014195BerlinGermany
- Antibody Engineering Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute417 East 68th Street, 19 Floor North, P: 646-888-2003New YorkNY 10021USA
| | - Anette Rohrhofer
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and HygieneRegensburg University HospitalFranz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 1193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Johann Moschner
- Freie Universität BerlinDepartment of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyInstitute of Chemistry and BiochemistryArnimallee 2014195BerlinGermany
| | - Barbara Schmidt
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and HygieneRegensburg University HospitalFranz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 1193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Jutta Eichler
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergDepartment Chemie und PharmazieNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Christian Roth
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesBiomolecular SystemsArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Beate Koksch
- Freie Universität BerlinDepartment of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyInstitute of Chemistry and BiochemistryArnimallee 2014195BerlinGermany
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