151
|
Tross LFS, Magalhães Dias H, Callegari Zanetti M. Maintaining exercise in fitness centre settings: insights from the physical activity maintenance theory. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2409832. [PMID: 39359074 PMCID: PMC11451290 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2409832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examines factors that influence long-term fitness centre participation, applying the Physical Activity Maintenance Theory to assess psychological and contextual influences on exercise adherence. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 regular fitness centre attendees in Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil. Data were analysed using Bardin's Content Analysis, exploring the participants' experiences and the factors contributing to their sustained activity. RESULTS Autonomous motivation, such as enjoyment and satisfaction from workouts, along with self-efficacy, emerged as crucial for continued fitness centre attendance. The environment, including ambiance, social support, and facility quality, significantly impacted exercise persistence. However, challenges like time constraints, weather conditions, and personal issues occasionally hindered engagement. The study also highlights the role of personalized fitness programmes in supporting long-term adherence, suggesting that tailoring these programmes to individual goals could further enhance commitment. CONCLUSIONS The findings underscore the importance of fitness centres creating environments that align with individual needs and preferences. Customized programmes that cater to both personal and communal needs could bolster long-term adherence. Future research should explore the impact of personalized, community-integrated fitness approaches on sustaining active lifestyles, emphasizing the importance of accommodating individual preferences in maintaining regular exercise habits.
Collapse
|
152
|
Xiao R, Dong L, Xie B, Liu B. A Mendelian randomization study: physical activities and chronic kidney disease. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2295011. [PMID: 38178379 PMCID: PMC10773648 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2295011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that physical activity is related to a lower risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), thus indicating a potential target for prevention. However, the causality is not clear; specifically, physical activity may protect against CKD, and CKD may lead to a reduction in physical activity. Our study examined the potential bidirectional relationship between physical activity and CKD by using a genetically informed method. Genome-wide association studies from the UK Biobank baseline data were used for physical activity phenotypes and included 460,376 participants. For kidney function (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) and CKD, with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2), CKDGen Consortium data were used, which included 480,698 CKD participants of European ancestry. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to determine the causal relationship between physical activities and kidney function. Two-sample MR genetically predicted that heavy DIY (do it yourself) (e.g., weeding, lawn mowing, carpentry, and digging) decreased the risk of CKD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.287, 95% CI = 0.117-0.705, p = 0.0065) and improved the level of eGFR (β = 0.036, 95% CI = 0.005-0.067, p = 0.021). The bidirectional MR showed no reverse causality. It is worth noting that other physical activities, such as walking for pleasure, strenuous sports, light DIY (e.g., pruning and watering the lawn), and other exercises (e.g., swimming, cycling, keeping fit, and bowling), were not significantly correlated with CKD and eGFR. This study used genetic data to provide reliable and robust causal evidence that heavy physical activity (e.g., weeding, lawn mowing, carpentry, and digging) can protect kidney function and further lower the risk of CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiao
- Department of General Practice, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Dong
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of General Practice, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Beizhong Liu
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
Broniec MN, Norland K, Thomas J, Wang X, Harris RA. The decorin and myostatin response to acute whole body vibration: impact of adiposity, sex, and race. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:1803-1808. [PMID: 39285213 PMCID: PMC11584384 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional forms of exercise affect immune, metabolic, and myokine responses and contribute to a multitude of health benefits. Whole body vibration (WBV) has recently emerged as an exercise mimetic that may be more tolerable for those individuals that cannot perform traditional exercise. However, the myokines response to acute WBV in humans has yet to be fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE To characterize the decorin and myostatin response to acute whole body vibration (WBV) and determine the impact of adiposity, sex, and race. SUBJECTS One hundred twenty-nine adults (32.8 ± 0.4 years, 66.7% female, 53.5% non-Hispanic Black) were recruited as part of an ongoing, longitudinal twin cohort parent study. Participants were classified into three groups: those with obesity (OB: ≥30 kg/m2), those who are overweight (OW: ≥25 and <30 kg/m2), or those with normal weight (NW: <25 kg/m2) based on BMI. METHODS Blood was collected at baseline (PRE), immediately post (POST), and 1 h (1H), 3 h (3H), and 24 h (24H) post WBV. The acute WBV protocol consisted of 10 cycles of 1 min of vibration exercise followed by 30 s of standing rest. RESULTS The response was similar between NW and OW, so these groups were combined for analysis (NW/OW: BMI < 30 kg/m2). Overall, circulating concentrations of decorin were higher (p < 0.001) POST (8.80 ± 0.19 pg/mL) and significantly lower (p's ≤ 0.005) at 1H (8.66 ± 0.19 pg/mL) and 3H (8.68 ± 0.19 pg/mL), compared to PRE (8.71 ± 0.19 pg/mL). Decorin POST was greater (p = 0.016) in the OB group (8.82 ± 0.18 pg/mL) compared to the NW/OW group (8.77 ± 0.20 pg/mL). Overall, myostatin was higher (p = 0.002) POST (54.93 ± 1.04 pg/mL) and lower (p < 0.001) at 24H (49.13 ± 1.04 pg/mL) compared to PRE (53.49 ± 1.04 pg/mL). The myostatin response was lower (p's ≤ 0.001) in female and non-Hispanic White individuals compared to male and non-Hispanic Black individuals, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A single bout of WBV can facilitate the release of decorin and myostatin into circulation, a similar response to traditional exercise. Additionally, adiposity, sex and race should be considered when evaluating the myokines response to WBV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan N Broniec
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kimberly Norland
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Thomas
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ryan A Harris
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Watts A, Szabo-Reed A, Baker J, Morris JK, Vacek J, Clutton J, Mahnken J, Key MN, Vidoni ED, Burns JM. LEAP! Rx: A randomized trial of a pragmatic approach to lifestyle medicine. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:8374-8386. [PMID: 39376152 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinicians lack the tools to incorporate physical activity into clinical care for Alzheimer's disease prevention. We tested a 52-week exercise and health education program (Lifestyle Empowerment for Alzheimer's Prevention [LEAP! Rx]) that integrates clinician referrals and community-based fitness resources. METHODS We randomized 219 participants to the LEAP! Rx (ie, exercise and monthly brain health education) or a standard-of-care control group and tested the effects on cardiorespiratory fitness, insulin resistance, body composition, lipids, and cognitive performance. RESULTS Physicians were able to connect their patients to a community lifestyle intervention. The intervention group increased in cardiorespiratory fitness at 12 and 52 weeks (p = 0.005). We observed no effects on secondary measures. Participants meeting 80% of weekly goals (150 min, moderate to vigorous activity) saw greater fitness improvements than those with less than 80% (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION These results hold promise for broad implementation of exercise interventions into larger healthcare systems and have implications for improved research recruitment strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT No. NCT03253341. HIGHLIGHTS Our community-based exercise program increased cardiorespiratory fitness. Our digital physician referral method increased the diversity of the participant sample. Our findings have implications for personalized dementia risk reduction strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber Watts
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, Kansas, USA
| | - Amanda Szabo-Reed
- Physical Activity & Weight Management, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Jordan Baker
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Jill K Morris
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, Kansas, USA
| | - James Vacek
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Jonathan Clutton
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, Kansas, USA
| | - Jonathan Mahnken
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Mickeal N Key
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, Kansas, USA
| | - Eric D Vidoni
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, Kansas, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Burns
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, Kansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
da Silva Rodrigues G, Yumi Noronha N, Ribeiro de Lima JG, Harumi Yonehara Noma I, Crystine da Silva Sobrinho A, Maria Diani L, Pinto AP, Pereira Rodrigues K, Augusta de Souza Pinhel M, Barbosa Nonino C, Moriguchi Watanabe L, Roberto Bueno Júnior C. Combined exercise training decreases blood pressure in OLDER women with NOS3 polymorphism providing changes in differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Epigenetics 2024; 19:2375030. [PMID: 38967279 PMCID: PMC11229753 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2375030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which the ageing process is associated to an unhealthy lifestyle and how they play an essential role in the aetiology of systemic arterial hypertension have not yet been completely elucidated. Our objective is to investigate the influence of NOS3 polymorphisms [-786T > C and (Glu298Asp)] on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) response, differentially methylated regions (DMRs), and physical fitness of adult and older women after a 14-week combined training intervention. The combined training was carried out for 14 weeks, performed 3 times a week, totalling 180 minutes weekly. The genotyping experiment used Illumina Infinium Global Screening Array version 2.0 (GSA V2.0) and Illumina's EPIC Infinium Methylation BeadChip. The participants were separated into SNP rs2070744 in TT (59.7 ± 6.2 years) and TC + CC (60.0 ± 5.2 years), and SNP rs17999 in GluGlu (58.8 ± 5.7 years) and GluAsp + AspAsp (61.6 ± 4.9 years). We observed an effect of time for variables BP, physical capacities, and cholesterol. DMRs related to SBP and DBP were identified for the rs2070744 and rs17999 groups pre- and decreased numbers of DMRs post-training. When we analysed the effect of exercise training in pre- and post-comparisons, the GluGlu SNP (rs17999) showed 10 DMRs, and after enrichment, we identified several biological biases. The combined training improved the SBP and DBP values of the participants regardless of the SNPs. In addition, exercise training affected DNA methylation differently between the groups of NOS3 polymorphisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Yumi Noronha
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Isabela Harumi Yonehara Noma
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luísa Maria Diani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P. Pinto
- School of Physical Education of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Karine Pereira Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Roberto Bueno Júnior
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Physical Education of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Chen CR, Briggs L, Koelker M, Stone BV, Alkhatib K, Labban M, Briganti A, Montorsi F, Gandaglia G, Trinh QD. The association between behavioral habits and physical health status in prostate cancer patients: a large US national health-related survey. Prostate Int 2024; 12:207-212. [PMID: 39735196 PMCID: PMC11681352 DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2024.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 12/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of behavioral habits such as exercise on the physical health of prostate cancer (PCa) patients is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate PCa patients' exercise habits and the association between exercise and self-reported physical health status. Methods The 2016-2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) databases were used to identify men with a history of PCa. We identified patients with self-reported PCa diagnosis and excluded the non-male gender respondents in the self-reported PCa patients. We performed descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analysis examining the association between exercise and poor physical health status. Our exposure of interest was the amount of physical exercise, and primary outcome was poor physical health status, defined as >14 self-reported days per month when patients felt "physical health is not good." Covariates included age, body mass index (BMI), income, treatment, smoking, and exercise frequency. Results From 2,193,981 weighted survey participants, we identified 3,952 men with a history of PCa. Of these, 75% of participants reported exercise within the last month. In adjusted analyses among men with a history of PCa, exercise (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.40-0.64, P < 0.001) was associated with lower odds of poor physical health status. Other independent predictors of poor physical health included income (High: OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.18-0.41, P < 0.01), BMI (underweight: OR 3.78, 95% CI 1.38-10.37, P = 0.01), treatment status (Active: OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.05-2.94, P = 0.03), smoking status (Active: OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.13-2.38, P = 0.01). Conclusion Our BRFSS cross-sectional study concluded that exercise among men with a history of PCa, even once per month, is associated with decreased odds of self-reported poor physical health; therefore, exercise programs should be considered for sedentary PCa patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Rong Chen
- Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Logan Briggs
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mara Koelker
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin V. Stone
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Khalid Alkhatib
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Muhieddine Labban
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gandaglia
- Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Quoc-Dien Trinh
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Kim JM, Kang HJ, Kim JW, Lee JY, Jang H, Kim JC, Kim SW, Shin IS. Interplay of serum BDNF levels and childhood adversity in predicting earlier-onset post-traumatic stress disorder: A two-year longitudinal study. J Anxiety Disord 2024; 108:102943. [PMID: 39546985 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 10/24/2024] [Accepted: 11/10/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024]
Abstract
This longitudinal study explored the intricate relationships between serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (sBDNF) levels, exposure to childhood adversities, and the subsequent development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), distinguishing between earlier- and delayed-onset forms over a two-year follow-up period in individuals sustaining physical injuries. We recruited patients presenting with moderate to severe physical injuries at a trauma center, conducting baseline assessments of sBDNF levels and childhood adversities through the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) questionnaire. Additionally, detailed socio-demographic and clinical data were compiled. The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 was employed to diagnose PTSD at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months post-injury. Binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses were applied to elucidate the interactions between sBDNF levels, childhood adversities, and PTSD onset patterns. Among 895 participants, PTSD was diagnosed in 107 individuals (11.9 %), with 76 (8.4 %) exhibiting symptoms indicative of earlier-onset PTSD and 31 (3.5 %) demonstrating delayed-onset PTSD. Significantly, lower sBDNF levels were associated with a higher risk of earlier-onset PTSD specifically in the context of childhood adversities. This association was not observed in individuals without childhood adversities or in those with delayed-onset PTSD. The findings suggest a complex and critical interplay between neurobiological factors, specifically sBDNF levels, and early life adversities in influencing the timing of PTSD onset, potentially deepening the understanding of PTSD etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseok Jang
- Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Chul Kim
- Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Seon Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Baptista FM, Andias R, Rocha NP, Silva AG. A Practice Guide for Physical Therapists Prescribing Physical Exercise for Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act 2024; 32:771-783. [PMID: 38862112 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2023-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity and exercise are protective factors for physical and cognitive decline in older adults, but recent studies reveal that a large percentage of this population do not practice exercise at the levels recommended by international guidelines. The frequency, intensity, type, time, volume, and progression (FITT-VP) principles are a widely used method for prescribing physical exercise, allowing the development of a personalized exercise program that meets the needs of each individual. OBJECTIVES This masterclass is intended to serve as a professional application tool for physical therapists who prescribe physical exercise for older adults. We present a section for each FITT-VP principle to facilitate handling these principles individually when prescribing exercise for this population. METHODS Review of the scientific literature and international guidelines on the prescription of physical exercises for older adults. RESULTS Aerobic, mobility, resistance, balance, and flexibility exercises, as well as functional training, should be included in an exercise program for older adults, which should be progressed using different methods for each of the exercise modalities. CONCLUSIONS An exercise program for older adults should integrate different exercise modalities. Exercise progression should be performed following the FITT-VP principles and some specific progression factors recommended for each exercise modality. SIGNIFICANCE Considering the challenge faced by clinicians in designing a viable exercise program for older adults that responds to international recommendations, with this masterclass we hope to help physical therapists to plan an exercise program that is feasible and at the same time, responds to the expected needs of this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederico M Baptista
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- CINTESIS.UA@RISE, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Andias
- CINTESIS.UA@RISE, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nelson P Rocha
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Anabela G Silva
- CINTESIS.UA@RISE, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Jiang Y, Zhang S, Chen Y, Wang H, He X, Bin C, Fu R, Wang H, Zhu H, Pan M, Zhang Q, Lu Y. Physical activity and risk of Parkinson's disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol 2024; 271:7434-7459. [PMID: 39363041 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although recent meta-analyses have shown that the association between physical activity (PA) and the risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD) is influenced by gender differences, a growing number of studies are revealing the general applicability of this association across genders. This study aimed to reassess the association and dose-response relationship between PA and PD risk in populations. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases was conducted in this study from inception to February 1, 2024, without language restrictions. Stratified analyses were conducted to explore the association between PA and PD risk, combining multivariate-adjusted effect estimates via random-effects models, and to validate the dose-response relationship between the two. RESULTS This study included 21 observational studies, comprising 13 cohort studies and 8 case-control studies. The pooled analysis revealed that PA significantly reduced the risk of developing PD [relative risk (RR) = 0.77, 95% CI 0.70-0.85]. In addition, the dose-response analysis revealed both linear and nonlinear associations, with linear results indicating a 9% reduction in PD risk for every 10 MET-h/wk increase in PA. The study also demonstrated that the protective effect of PA against PD was significant for both sexes. Moreover, no statistically significant effects of PA on preventing PD were observed in individuals with a BMI > 26 (RR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.12-1.02) or in Asian populations (RR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.60-1.01); however, the trends suggest potential protective effects, warranting further investigation. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis produced substantial evidence to reaffirm the protective effect of high PA on PD across various population groups and the inverse dose-response relationship with PD risk, and to validate the protective effect of PA among different demographic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Jiang
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.157 Daming Road, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shipeng Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuecan Chen
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyu Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyi He
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengli Bin
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Fu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanqi Zhu
- Jinzhong University, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Moshen Pan
- Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinxiu Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Lu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.157 Daming Road, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Doherty C, Lambe R, O’Grady B, O’Reilly-Morgan D, Smyth B, Lawlor A, Hurley N, Tragos E. An Evaluation of the Effect of App-Based Exercise Prescription Using Reinforcement Learning on Satisfaction and Exercise Intensity: Randomized Crossover Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2024; 12:e49443. [PMID: 39622712 PMCID: PMC11612604 DOI: 10.2196/49443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing prevalence of sedentary lifestyles has prompted the development of innovative public health interventions, such as smartphone apps that deliver personalized exercise programs. The widespread availability of mobile technologies (eg, smartphone apps and wearable activity trackers) provides a cost-effective, scalable way to remotely deliver personalized exercise programs to users. Using machine learning (ML), specifically reinforcement learning (RL), may enhance user engagement and effectiveness of these programs by tailoring them to individual preferences and needs. Objective The primary aim was to investigate the impact of the Samsung-developed i80 BPM app, implementing ML for exercise prescription, on user satisfaction and exercise intensity among the general population. The secondary objective was to assess the effectiveness of ML-generated exercise programs for remote prescription of exercise to members of the public. Methods Participants were randomized to complete 3 exercise sessions per week for 12 weeks using the i80 BPM mobile app, crossing over weekly between intervention and control conditions. The intervention condition involved individualizing exercise sessions using RL, based on user preferences such as exercise difficulty, selection, and intensity, whereas under the control condition, exercise sessions were not individualized. Exercise intensity (measured by the 10-item Borg scale) and user satisfaction (measured by the 8-item version of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale) were recorded after the session. Results In total, 62 participants (27 male and 42 female participants; mean age 43, SD 13 years) completed 559 exercise sessions over 12 weeks (9 sessions per participant). Generalized estimating equations showed that participants were more likely to exercise at a higher intensity (intervention: mean intensity 5.82, 95% CI 5.59-6.05 and control: mean intensity 5.19, 95% CI 4.97-5.41) and report higher satisfaction (RL: mean satisfaction 4, 95% CI 3.9-4.1 and baseline: mean satisfaction 3.73, 95% CI 3.6-3.8) in the RL model condition. Conclusions The findings suggest that RL can effectively increase both the intensity with which people exercise and their enjoyment of the sessions, highlighting the potential of ML to enhance remote exercise interventions. This study underscores the benefits of personalized exercise prescriptions in increasing adherence and satisfaction, which are crucial for the long-term effectiveness of fitness programs. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term impacts and potential scalability of RL-enhanced exercise apps in diverse populations. This study contributes to the understanding of digital health interventions in exercise science, suggesting that personalized, app-based exercise prescriptions may be more effective than traditional, nonpersonalized methods. The integration of RL into exercise apps could significantly impact public health, particularly in enhancing engagement and reducing the global burden of physical inactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cailbhe Doherty
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, O'Brien Centre for Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rory Lambe
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, O'Brien Centre for Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ben O’Grady
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, O'Brien Centre for Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Diarmuid O’Reilly-Morgan
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, O'Brien Centre for Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barry Smyth
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, O'Brien Centre for Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aonghus Lawlor
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, O'Brien Centre for Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Neil Hurley
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, O'Brien Centre for Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elias Tragos
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, O'Brien Centre for Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Yegian AK, Heymsfield SB, Castillo ER, Müller MJ, Redman LM, Lieberman DE. Metabolic scaling, energy allocation tradeoffs, and the evolution of humans' unique metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2409674121. [PMID: 39556743 PMCID: PMC11621513 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2409674121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 11/20/2024] Open
Abstract
All organisms use limited energy to grow, survive, and reproduce, necessitating energy allocation tradeoffs, but there is debate over how selection impacted metabolic budgets and tradeoffs in primates, including humans. Here, we develop a method to compare metabolic rates as quotients of observed relative to expected values for mammals corrected for size, body composition, environmental temperature, and phylogenetic relatedness. Contrary to previous analyses, these quotients reveal that nonhuman primates have total metabolic rates expected for similar-sized mammals in similar environments. In addition, data from several small-scale societies show that humans evolved exceptionally high resting, activity, and total metabolic rates apparently by overcoming tradeoffs between resting and active energy expenditures that constrain other primates. Enhanced metabolic rates help humans fuel expanded brains, faster reproductive rates, extended longevity, and high percentage of body fat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K. Yegian
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Steven B. Heymsfield
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA70808
| | - Eric R. Castillo
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Manfred J. Müller
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Nutrition, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel24118, Germany
| | - Leanne M. Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA70808
| | - Daniel E. Lieberman
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Clemente-Suárez VJ, Rubio-Zarapuz A, Belinchón-deMiguel P, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Martín-Rodríguez A, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Impact of Physical Activity on Cellular Metabolism Across Both Neurodegenerative and General Neurological Conditions: A Narrative Review. Cells 2024; 13:1940. [PMID: 39682689 PMCID: PMC11640500 DOI: 10.3390/cells13231940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2024] [Revised: 11/19/2024] [Accepted: 11/21/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity plays a crucial role in modulating cellular metabolism and mitigating the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Multiple Sclerosis. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to evaluate the molecular mechanisms by which exercise influences cellular metabolism, with a focus on its potential as a therapeutic intervention for neurological disorders. METHODS A comprehensive literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed scientific articles, with a focus on the period between 2015 and 2024, to analyze the effects of exercise on mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and metabolic health. RESULTS The findings indicate that exercise promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, enhances oxidative phosphorylation, and reduces reactive oxygen species, contributing to improved energy production and cellular resilience. These metabolic adaptations are associated with delayed disease progression and reduced symptoms in patients with neurodegenerative conditions. Additionally, integrating exercise with nutritional strategies may further enhance therapeutic outcomes by addressing metabolic disturbances comprehensively. CONCLUSIONS This review concludes that personalized exercise protocols should be developed to optimize metabolic benefits for patients with neurological diseases, while future research should focus on biomarker development for individualized treatment approaches. These findings highlight the importance of non-pharmacological interventions in managing neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (A.R.-Z.); (J.F.T.-A.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Rubio-Zarapuz
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (A.R.-Z.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | - Pedro Belinchón-deMiguel
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain;
| | | | - Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (A.R.-Z.); (J.F.T.-A.)
- Faculty of Applied Social Sciences and Communications, Universidad Internacional de la Empresa (UNIE), 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (A.R.-Z.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Calvo-Rubio M, Garcia-Domiguez E, Tamayo-Torres E, Soto-Rodríguez S, Olaso-Gonzalez G, Ferrucci L, de Cabo R, Gómez-Cabrera MC. The repeated bout effect evokes the training-induced skeletal muscle cellular memory. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 225:247-254. [PMID: 39343184 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Physical exercise is well-established as beneficial for health. With the 20th-century epidemiological transition, promoting healthy habits like exercise has become crucial for preventing chronic diseases. Stress can yield adaptive long-term benefits, potentially transmitted trans-generationally. Physical training exposes individuals to metabolic, thermal, mechanical, and oxidative stressors, activating cell signaling pathways that regulate gene expression and adaptive responses, thereby enhancing stress tolerance - a phenomenon known as hormesis. Muscle memory is the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond differently to environmental stimuli in an adaptive (positive) or maladaptive (negative) manner if the stimuli have been encountered previously. The Repeated Bout Effect encompasses our skeletal muscle capacity to activate an intrinsic protective mechanism that reacts to eccentric exercise-induced damage by activating an adaptive response that resists subsequent damage stimuli. Deciphering the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon would allow the incorporation of muscle memory in training programs for professional athletes, active individuals looking for the health benefits of exercise training, and patients with "exercise intolerance." Moreover, enhancing the adaptive response of muscle memory could promote healing in individuals who traditionally do not recover after immobilization. The improvement could be part of an exercise program but could also be targeted pharmacologically. This review explores Repeated Bout Effect mechanisms: neural adaptations, tendon and muscle fiber property changes, extracellular matrix remodeling, and improved inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Calvo-Rubio
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Esther Garcia-Domiguez
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Tamayo-Torres
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvana Soto-Rodríguez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Olaso-Gonzalez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Maria Carmen Gómez-Cabrera
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Krüger AL, Haiduk B, Grau M. Identifying Factors That Might Affect Outcomes of Exercise-Based Therapies in Long-COVID. Diseases 2024; 12:293. [PMID: 39589967 PMCID: PMC11593325 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12110293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2024] [Revised: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-COVID, which might develop after a SARS-CoV-2 infection, is a rather new disease without standardized treatment strategies. A large number of approaches that integrate physical activity have been described in the literature, and this systematic review aims to examine changes in symptom severity, physical fitness, respiratory symptoms and quality of life during training and identify factors that might influence the respective outcomes. METHODS A literature search was conducted using the databases Pubmed, PEDro, BioMed Central, EBSCOhost, ProQuest and the ZBSport from 13 February 2024 to 27 February 2024, and 39 studies fulfilled the search criteria. RESULTS The analyzed study designs varied regarding the type of intervention (isolated vs. multidisciplinary), duration and intensity of training sessions and overall length of the program. Individualized holistic concepts of physical activity paralleled by additional approaches demonstrated high effectiveness. However, many of the participants continue to suffer from Long-COVID after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Long-COVID treatment should be individualized, multifactorial and not limited in time and should consider each patient's pre-existing conditions and individual course of the disease to provide the best possible support and care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Krüger
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
- S.P.O.R.T. Institut, Institute of Applied Sports Sciences, Lindlarer Strasse 95, 51491 Overath, Germany
| | - Björn Haiduk
- S.P.O.R.T. Institut, Institute of Applied Sports Sciences, Lindlarer Strasse 95, 51491 Overath, Germany
| | - Marijke Grau
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Chien SY. Mobile App for Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases During Home-Based Exercise Care: Usability Study. JMIR Hum Factors 2024; 11:e60049. [PMID: 39546767 DOI: 10.2196/60049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital health tools have demonstrated promise in the treatment and self-management of chronic diseases while also serving as an important means for reducing the workload of health care professionals (HCPs) and enhancing the quality of care. However, these tools often merely undergo large-scale testing or enter the market without undergoing rigorous user experience analysis in the early stages of their development, leading to frequent instances of low use or failure. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the usability of and satisfaction with a mobile app designed for the clinical monitoring of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation at home. METHODS This study used a mixed methods approach involving two key stakeholders-patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and HCPs-across three phases: (1) mobile app mock-up design, (2) usability testing, and (3) satisfaction evaluation. Using convenience sampling, participants were grouped as HCPs (n=12) and patients (n=18). Each received a tablet with mock-ups for usability testing through interviews, with audio recordings transcribed and analyzed anonymously in NVivo12.0, focusing on mock-up features and usability insights. Task difficulty was rated from 1 (very easy) to 5 (very difficult), with noncompletion deemed a critical error. Usability satisfaction was measured on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). RESULTS The research indicated a notable difference in app usability perceptions: 66% (8/12) of HCPs found tasks "very easy," compared to only 22% (4/18) of patients. Despite this, no participant made critical errors or withdrew, and satisfaction was high. HCPs completed tasks in about 20 minutes, while patients took 30. Older adults faced challenges with touch screens and scroll menus, suggesting the need for intuitive design aids like auditory support and visual health progress indicators, such as graphs. HCPs noted potential data delays affecting service, while non-native-speaking caregivers faced interpretation challenges. A secure pairing system for privacy in teleconsultations proved difficult for older users; a simpler icon-based system is recommended. This study highlights the need to consider stakeholder abilities in medical app design to enhance function implementation. CONCLUSIONS Most HCPs (11/12, 91%) found the app intuitive, though they recommended adding icons to show patient progress to support clinical decisions. In contrast, 62% (11/18) of patients struggled with tablet navigation, especially with connectivity features. To ensure equitable access, the design should accommodate older users with diverse abilities. Despite challenges, both groups reported high satisfaction, with patients expressing a willingness to learn and recommending the app. These positive usability evaluations suggest that, with design improvements, such apps could see increased use in home-based care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ying Chien
- Department of Industrial Design, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Li Y, Luo M, Chang Q, Cao S, Wang Y, Chen Z, Yang J, Liu G. High-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training alleviate vascular dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats through the inhibition of pyroptosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e39505. [PMID: 39559220 PMCID: PMC11570304 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence-based guidelines suggest that High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is more beneficial than aerobic exercise for patients with cardiovascular disease, but the differences in underlying pathophysiological mechanisms require further confirmation. The comparison between HIIT and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) in regulating vascular dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), along with their underlying mechanisms, has not been previously reported. The purpose of this study is to provide an experimental basis for exercise prescription therapy in hypertensive patients. In this study, six-week-old male SHR were randomly assigned to a HIIT group, MICT group, or sedentary group. Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) of the same age were used as the control group. The weight, heart rate, and blood pressure of the rats were monitored weekly throughout twelve weeks of treadmill training. At the end of the protocol, serum and aortic vascular tissues were collected for further vascular function tests and molecular and biochemical analyses. The results show that MICT is more favorable for weight control than HIIT, while both forms of exercise offer equal protection against hypertension. However, MICT demonstrates a greater benefit in preserving vascular morphology, whereas HIIT is more effective in reducing oxidative stress. Both HIIT and MICT ameliorate vascular dysfunction in SHR by suppressing nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin-domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3)-induced pyroptosis. The superior effect of HIIT on vascular dysfunction may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress injury through AMPKα-SIRT1 activation. This study provides insight into the dose-effect relationship of exercise for cardiovascular health and offers foundational evidence for the development of exercise prescription therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Li
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minghao Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Chang
- The College of Exercise Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuyuan Cao
- The College of Basic Medicine,Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Second Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- The Second Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jitang Yang
- College of Foreign Languages, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing China
| | - Guochun Liu
- The College of Exercise Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Yu L, Aziz AUR, Zhang X, Li W. Investigating the causal impact of different types of physical activity on psychiatric disorders across life stages: A Mendelian randomization study. J Affect Disord 2024; 365:606-613. [PMID: 39187204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, anxiety disorders, and dementia, manifest differently across life stages, impacting cognitive, emotional, and behavioral health. Understanding the causal relationships between various types of physical activity and these disorders is crucial for developing targeted interventions. METHODS The summary level data from GWAS was utilized to conduct a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis. We assessed the potential causal relationships between different types of physical activity including light do it yourself (DIY) activities, heavy DIY activities, strenuous sports, and aerobic exercises/other exercises and the prevalence of psychiatric disorders (ADHD, depression, anxiety disorders, and dementia) across different life stages. RESULTS The MR analysis showed no causal relationship between light DIY activities and any of the psychiatric disorders studied. Heavy DIY activities showed a significant negative association with anxiety disorders but no links with ADHD, depression, or dementia. Strenuous sports did not demonstrate any causal relationship with the psychiatric disorders examined. Aerobic exercises were notably correlated with a reduced risk of depression, although no significant associations were found with ADHD, anxiety disorders, or dementia. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that heavy DIY activities might contribute to reducing anxiety disorders, while aerobic exercises potentially lower the risk of depression. These results emphasize the potential benefits of promoting specific types of physical activity to improve mental health outcomes across different life stages. Future research could further investigate the mechanisms underlying these relationships and consider diverse populations and objective measures of physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Early Diagnosis and Biotherapy of Malignant Tumors in Children and Women, Dalian Women and Children's Medical Group, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Aziz Ur Rehman Aziz
- Key Laboratory for Early Diagnosis and Biotherapy of Malignant Tumors in Children and Women, Dalian Women and Children's Medical Group, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wangshu Li
- Key Laboratory for Early Diagnosis and Biotherapy of Malignant Tumors in Children and Women, Dalian Women and Children's Medical Group, Dalian, Liaoning, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
Pham TCP, Raun SH, Havula E, Henriquez-Olguín C, Rubalcava-Gracia D, Frank E, Fritzen AM, Jannig PR, Andersen NR, Kruse R, Ali MS, Irazoki A, Halling JF, Ringholm S, Needham EJ, Hansen S, Lemminger AK, Schjerling P, Petersen MH, de Almeida ME, Jensen TE, Kiens B, Hostrup M, Larsen S, Ørtenblad N, Højlund K, Kjær M, Ruas JL, Trifunovic A, Wojtaszewski JFP, Nielsen J, Qvortrup K, Pilegaard H, Richter EA, Sylow L. The mitochondrial mRNA-stabilizing protein SLIRP regulates skeletal muscle mitochondrial structure and respiration by exercise-recoverable mechanisms. Nat Commun 2024; 15:9826. [PMID: 39537626 PMCID: PMC11561311 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-54183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Decline in mitochondrial function is linked to decreased muscle mass and strength in conditions like sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes. Despite therapeutic opportunities, there is limited and equivocal data regarding molecular cues controlling muscle mitochondrial plasticity. Here we uncovered that the mitochondrial mRNA-stabilizing protein SLIRP, in complex with LRPPRC, is a PGC-1α target that regulates mitochondrial structure, respiration, and mtDNA-encoded-mRNA pools in skeletal muscle. Exercise training effectively counteracts mitochondrial defects caused by genetically-induced LRPPRC/SLIRP loss, despite sustained low mtDNA-encoded-mRNA pools, by increasing mitoribosome translation capacity and mitochondrial quality control. In humans, exercise training robustly increases muscle SLIRP and LRPPRC protein across exercise modalities and sexes, yet less prominently in individuals with type 2 diabetes. SLIRP muscle loss reduces Drosophila lifespan. Our data points to a mechanism of post-transcriptional mitochondrial regulation in muscle via mitochondrial mRNA stabilization, offering insights into how exercise enhances mitoribosome capacity and mitochondrial quality control to alleviate defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tang Cam Phung Pham
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Henning Raun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Essi Havula
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carlos Henriquez-Olguín
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Exercise Science Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 1509, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diana Rubalcava-Gracia
- Division of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Frank
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Mæchel Fritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paulo R Jannig
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicoline Resen Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Kruse
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mona Sadek Ali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrea Irazoki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Frey Halling
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Ringholm
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elise J Needham
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Solvejg Hansen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Krogh Lemminger
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Eisemann de Almeida
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Elbenhardt Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Hostrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjær
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Trifunovic
- Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Klaus Qvortrup
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Erik Arne Richter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
169
|
Kukla-Bartoszek M, Głombik K. Train and Reprogram Your Brain: Effects of Physical Exercise at Different Stages of Life on Brain Functions Saved in Epigenetic Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:12043. [PMID: 39596111 PMCID: PMC11593723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252212043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2024] [Revised: 11/05/2024] [Accepted: 11/07/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have demonstrated the significant effects of physical exercise on brain plasticity, the enhancement of memory and cognition, and mood improvement. Although the beneficial impact of exercise on brain functions and mental health is well established, the exact mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are currently under thorough investigation. Several hypotheses have emerged suggesting various possible mechanisms, including the effects of hormones, neurotrophins, neurotransmitters, and more recently also other compounds such as lactate or irisin, which are released under the exercise circumstances and act both locally or/and on distant tissues, triggering systemic body reactions. Nevertheless, none of these actually explain the long-lasting effect of exercise, which can persist for years or even be passed on to subsequent generations. It is believed that these long-lasting effects are mediated through epigenetic modifications, influencing the expression of particular genes and the translation and modification of specific proteins. This review explores the impact of regular physical exercise on brain function and brain plasticity and the associated occurrence of epigenetic modifications. It examines how these changes contribute to the prevention and treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, as well as their influence on the natural aging process and mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Głombik
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Xu Y, Liu Q, Pang J, Zeng C, Ma X, Li P, Ma L, Huang J, Xie H. Assessment of Personalized Exercise Prescriptions Issued by ChatGPT 4.0 and Intelligent Health Promotion Systems for Patients with Hypertension Comorbidities Based on the Transtheoretical Model: A Comparative Analysis. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:5063-5078. [PMID: 39539514 PMCID: PMC11559245 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s477452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Exercise is a vital adjunct therapy for patients with hypertension comorbidities. However, medical personnel and patients face significant obstacles in implementing exercise prescription recommendations. AI has been developed as a beneficial tool in the healthcare field. The performance of intelligent tools such as ChatGPT 4.0 and Intelligent Health Promotion Systems (IHPS) in issuing exercise prescriptions for patients with hypertension comorbidities remains to be verified. Patients and Methods After collecting patient information through IHPS hardware and questionnaire systems, the data were input into the software terminals of ChatGPT 4.0 and IHPS according to the five stages of the Transtheoretical Model, resulting in exercise prescriptions. Subsequently, experts from various fields scored the accuracy, comprehensiveness, and applicability of each prescription, along with providing professional recommendations based on their expertise. By comparing the performance of both systems, their capability to serve this specific group was evaluated. Results In most cases, ChatGPT scored significantly higher than IHPS in terms of accuracy, comprehensiveness, and applicability. However, when patients exhibited certain functional movement disorders, GPT's exercise prescriptions involved higher health risks, whereas the more conservative approach of IHPS was advantageous. Conclusion The path of generating exercise prescriptions using artificial intelligence, whether via ChatGPT or IHPS, cannot achieve a completely satisfactory state.But can serve as a supplementary tool for professionals issuing exercise prescriptions to patients with hypertension comorbidities, especially in alleviating the financial burden of consulting costs. Future research could further explore the performance of AI in issuing exercise prescriptions, harmonize it with physiological indicators and phased feedback, and develop an interactive user experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- College of Nursing, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiankun Liu
- College of Nursing, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxue Pang
- College of Nursing, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunlu Zeng
- College of Nursing, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Ma
- College of Nursing, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengyao Li
- College of Nursing, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Ma
- College of Nursing, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juju Huang
- College of Nursing, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Xie
- College of Nursing, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Esposito E, Lemes IR, Salimei PS, Morelhão PK, Marques LBF, Martins MDS, Cynthia G, Franco MR, Pinto RZ. Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain is Associated With Depressive Symptoms in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Independent of Physical Activity. Exp Aging Res 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39499529 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2024.2397322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 11/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal pain and depressive symptoms in adults is high; however, whether there is an association between these conditions in older adults is unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the association of depressive symptoms with chronic musculoskeletal pain, and specifically with chronic LBP and knee osteoarthritis (OA), in community-dwelling older adults. In addition, we explored whether physical activity can mitigate these associations. METHODS A cross-sectional study design. A cross-sectional study design. Participants recruited were older adults (age ≥60 years) living in the community. Chronic musculoskeletal pain was assessed by specific questions regarding the presence of chronic LBP and knee OA. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Multivariable regression model adjusted for potential confounders (i.e., age, sex, economic status, body composition, and physical activity) was used to investigate the association between chronic musculoskeletal pain and depressive symptoms. Separate analyses were also conducted for older adults with LBP and with knee OA. RESULTS A total of 509 (69% women) older adults were recruited. The regression analysis showed that musculoskeletal pain was associated with higher depressive symptoms (β = 2.52, 95% CI: 0.50 to 4.54; p-value < .05) compared with older adults without chronic musculoskeletal pain. Similarly, in the fully adjusted model, which included physical activity, LBP was associated with higher depressive symptoms (β = 2.80, 95% CI: 0.82 to 4.79; p-value < .01). The association between knee OA and depressive symptoms was not statistically significant after adjusting for physical activity (β = 2.00, 95% CI: -0.13 to 4.13; p-value = .06). CONCLUSION Older adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain have higher depressive symptoms scores, when compared to those without musculoskeletal pain. Physical activity does not seem to influence this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Esposito
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' (UNIROMA2), Rome, Italy
| | - Italo Ribeiro Lemes
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Kalil Morelhão
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gobbi Cynthia
- Department of Physical Therapy, Centro Universitario de Ensino Superior (UNICESUMAR), Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Zambelli Pinto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
172
|
Orellana-Jaén J, Mora-Fernández M, Carrasco-Páez L. Effects of a motor and cognitive training program on executive function and different biomarkers related to muscle-brain crosstalk in breast cancer survivors: 3-arm randomised controlled BRAINonFIT study protocol. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 146:107672. [PMID: 39265784 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a significant but often neglected issue for breast cancer survivors that reduces their quality of life. Physical exercise and cognitive training have emerged as promising strategies for CRCI; however, evidence regarding its effectiveness is still unknown. A recently developed motor-cognitive training (dual-tasks) is proposed to examine its efficacy on executive function, physical fitness, emotional symptomatology, and important muscle-brain crosstalk biomarkers. METHODS The BRAINonFIT study is a randomised, controlled, longitudinal (20 weeks), three-arm, parallel study with a follow-up phase (12 weeks). Breast cancer survivors (stage I-IIIA) with completed chemotherapy are recruited from QuirónSalud Hospital in Seville. Principal outcomes are executive functions, measured by the Trail Making Test, Stroop and Digit Span Backwards; physical fitness, assessed by muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body composition; and several muscle-brain biomarkers analysed by immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). Secondary endpoints are memory function, intelligence, learning ability, self-reported cognitive function, and emotional symptomatology. Assessments take place after the enrolment (baseline; T1), after completing the interventions (5 months after baseline; T2), and after completing the follow-up period (8 months after baseline; T3). DISCUSSION Given the importance of improving care for breast cancer survivors, this study will provide preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of cognitive-motor training (dual task) as a therapeutic strategy to improve CRCI. Moreover, addressing muscle-brain crosstalk by representative biomarkers will help to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which this intervention may beneficially impact CRCI. CLINICALTRIALS gov: NCT06073717.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matilde Mora-Fernández
- Depatment of Human Motricity and Sport Performance, University of Seville, Pirotecnia St. E-41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Luis Carrasco-Páez
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Seville, Pirotecnia St. E-41013 Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Chermon D, Gelman O, Birk R. Blending Towards Healthier Lifestyles: The Impact of Regular Fruit and Vegetable Smoothie Consumption on Dietary Patterns and Sustainable Health Behaviors. Am J Health Promot 2024; 38:1210-1216. [PMID: 38828751 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241258552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This research aimed to characterize the nutritional, health and basic sustainability practices among regular smoothies' consumers (RSC; ≥ 1-2 servings/week for ≥ 2 months). DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Self-report online multiple-choice questionnaire survey of random sample of adults from online retailer database and community. SAMPLE 193 healthy Israeli adults (75.6% females, mean age 40.65 ± 14.36) completed an online multiple-choice validated survey from May 2022 to August 2023. MEASURES Demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle habits, including physical activity, FV consumption, and sustainability practices. ANALYSIS Data were analyzed using chi-square tests for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney tests for non-normally distributed continuous variables. The level of statistical significance was set at .05. RESULTS RSC were significantly older (P < .001) and more physically active (P = .025) than occasional smoothie consumers (OSC). They consumed more FV, reaching nutritional recommendations, and exhibited significant lifestyle changes, including reduced meat (P = .013) and processed food consumption (P = .013), and regular meal consumption (P = .045). RSC used fewer disposables (P = .002) compared to OSC and non-smoothie consumers (P = .001). RSC demonstrated a higher incidence of weight reduction compared to weight gain. CONCLUSION RSC is significantly associated with health and nutritional sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danyel Chermon
- Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Orel Gelman
- Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Ruth Birk
- Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
John K. Hot pants: The emerging field of exercise mimetics, from hospital beds to the international space station. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e70108. [PMID: 39482851 PMCID: PMC11527831 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2024] [Revised: 10/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 11/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Partaking in regular exercise has vast psychological and physiological benefits. However, factors that promote sedentary lifestyle such as occupational obligations (desk-based work) or underlying health comorbidities can limit adherence to exercise regimes. Considering the current trends in physical inactivity, development of alternate strategies to replicate or mimic the beneficial adaptations associated with regular exercise may become a highly sought after commodity. A relevant and current example of this is the enormous market demand for glucagon-like peptide-1 drugs for the management of obesity and type-2 diabetes. The goal of this short review is to direct attention toward non-pharmaceutical strategies and specifically focuses on the topical application of heat stress to passively improve health. The review highlights important heat-induced adaptations and identifies scope for technological innovations that will allow delivery of heating interventions outside the confinement of laboratory settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin John
- University of Canberra, Research Institute for Sport and ExerciseBruceAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
Young J, Wood P, Schwellnus M, Jordaan E, Swanevelder S. Years of running, chronic diseases, and allergies are associated with gradual onset Achilles tendon injuries in 61,252 running race entrants: SAFER XXXIX study. PM R 2024; 16:1202-1211. [PMID: 38845470 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gradual-onset Achilles tendon injuries (GoATIs) in runners are common. Data show that chronic diseases are associated with GoATI. OBJECTIVE To determine risk factors associated with a history of GoATIs among long-distance runners (21.1 and 56 km) entering a mass community-based running event. METHODS Online pre-race medical screening questionnaire data from 76,654 consenting Two Ocean Marathon race entrants (71.8% entrants) were collected prospectively over 4 years (2012-2015); this cross-sectional study is a retrospective analysis of these data. A total of 617 entrants (0.8%) reported a GoATI in the last 12 months; 60,635 entrants reported no history of any running injury (controls). Categories of factors associated with GoATI were explored (univariate and multiple regression analyses): demographics (age group, sex, race, distance), training/racing history, and history of allergy, history of chronic disease, and Composite Chronic Disease Score. Prevalence and prevalence ratios (PRs; 95% CI) are reported. RESULTS Factors associated with a higher prevalence of a history of GoATI (univariate analysis vs. controls) were older age (>31 years) (p < .001), male sex (PR = 1.76; p < .001), and longer race distance (56 km vs. 21.1 km) (PR = 2.06; p < .001). Independent factors associated with a history of GoATI (multiple regression) were increased years of recreational running (PR = 1.17 for every 5-year increase, p < .001), higher Composite Chronic Disease Score (PR = 2.07 for every 2-unit increase, p < .001), and allergy history (PR = 1.98 p < .001). CONCLUSION Novel independent factors associated with a history of GoATI in distance runners were increased years of recreational running, chronic disease history, and allergy history. Runners at risk for GoATI could be targeted for injury prevention interventions. Future studies should focus on establishing a causal relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Young
- Biokinetics and Sports Science Division, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Paola Wood
- Biokinetics and Sports Science Division, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Martin Schwellnus
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centre, Pretoria, South Africa
- Emeritus Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Esmè Jordaan
- Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Statistics and Population Studies Department, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sonja Swanevelder
- Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Levy T, Huxley K, Vuu S, Lewis LK. Physical activity for people with chronic conditions: a systematic review of toolkits to promote adherence. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:5199-5212. [PMID: 38131330 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2296525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends that health professionals develop and implement "adherence counselling toolkits" to promote adherence to long-term therapies in people with chronic conditions. This prospectively registered review aimed to systematically identify and evaluate existing toolkits developed to promote adherence to physical activity in people with chronic conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Grey literature and six e-databases were searched for studies investigating the use of "toolkits" to promote adherence to physical activity or exercise recommendations in people with chronic conditions (Medline, PsycInfo, EmCare, Cochrane, CINAHL Plus, Pedro). A two-stage screening process was completed by two independent reviewers. RESULTS Five studies describing five toolkits were included. Three toolkits displayed all WHO recommended features, including information on adherence, a clinically useful way of using this information, and behavioural tools for maintaining habits. The included toolkits featured "adherence" to the intervention; however, this was not their primary aim. There were trends towards improved physical activity with some of the included toolkits. CONCLUSIONS There are a lack of rigorously developed toolkits that focus on adherence to physical activity in people with chronic conditions. Toolkits should be developed, tested, and implemented to improve adherence and outcomes for people with chronic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamina Levy
- Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Flinders Medical Centre, Rehabilitation and Palliative Services, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kelly Huxley
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Flinders Medical Centre, Rehabilitation and Palliative Services, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sally Vuu
- Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lucy K Lewis
- Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
Pérez-Prieto I, Plaza-Florido A, Ubago-Guisado E, Ortega FB, Altmäe S. Physical activity, sedentary behavior and microbiome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:793-804. [PMID: 39048485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on human health are well known, however, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Growing evidence points to physical activity as an important modulator of the composition and function of microbial communities, while evidence of sedentary behavior is scarce. We aimed to synthesize and meta-analyze the current evidence about the effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on microbiome across different body sites and in different populations. METHODS A systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane databases was conducted until September 2022. Random-effects meta-analyses including cross-sectional studies (active vs. inactive/athletes vs. non-athletes) or trials reporting the chronic effect of physical activity interventions on gut microbiome alpha-diversity in healthy individuals were performed. RESULTS Ninety-one studies were included in this systematic review. Our meta-analyses of 2632 participants indicated no consistent effect of physical activity on microbial alpha-diversity, although there seems to be a trend toward a higher microbial richness in athletes compared to non-athletes. Most of studies reported an increase in short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria such as Akkermansia, Faecalibacterium, Veillonella or Roseburia in active individuals and after physical activity interventions. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity levels were positively associated with the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. Athletes seem to have a richer microbiome compared to non-athletes. However, high heterogeneity between studies avoids obtaining conclusive information on the role of physical activity in microbial composition. Future multi-omics studies would enhance our understanding of the molecular effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on the microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Pérez-Prieto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain.
| | - Abel Plaza-Florido
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Spain; Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, UC Irvine School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Esther Ubago-Guisado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain; Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Signe Altmäe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain; Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
Hösl B, Straif J, Niedermeier M, Kopp M. A study on acute expectation effects on affective state and intention after a brief full-body workout in a student sample. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024; 16:1944-1966. [PMID: 38937915 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Brief exercise bouts can have positive effects on the affective state, which in turn could affect the intention for future exercise. Such benefits may be enhanced by manipulating expectations. The aim of this study was to examine whether the affective state after physical activity or the intention for future exercise can be influenced by manipulating expectations. Furthermore, the relationship between affect and intention was investigated. In an online experiment, 121 persons completed either a 10-minute workout (PA), a workout after manipulation of expectations (PA + EM), or a control intervention (CG) after randomized group allocation. Data on affective state, expectations, and intention were collected before and after the intervention using questionnaires. After intervention, PA groups showed significantly more positive values than CG in several affective parameters, in other affective parameters, only PA + EM differed from CG. Affect was positively associated with intention alongside outcome expectations. No difference was found in intention. Although no significant effects of expectation manipulation on affective state or intention were found, latent effects cannot be ruled out. Further exploration of the importance of word choice in describing physical activity in the context of interventions to increase physical activity is necessary. Here, affect should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Hösl
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Straif
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Niedermeier
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Kopp
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
Gnall KE, Sacco SJ, Sinnott SM, Park CL, Mazure CM, Hoff RA. Physical activity, posttraumatic stress, and gender: A longitudinal study of post-9/11 veterans. J Health Psychol 2024; 29:1576-1589. [PMID: 38400566 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241233380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the importance of physical activity (PA) for both physical and mental health, the present study characterizes post-9/11 veterans' leisure-time PA engagement over time. Further, this study examines the relationship between PA and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), as well as whether this relation differs by gender and time since military discharge. This study was a secondary analysis of a 12-month longitudinal observational investigation of 410 (39.5% female) post-9/11 veterans. Participants completed self-report questionnaires at baseline and 12 months. Over a third of post-9/11 veterans were not engaging in any weekly leisure-time PA at study baseline and PA engagement significantly decreased in the subsequent year. The longitudinal relationship between PA and PTSS depended on both gender and time since military discharge. These results underscore the importance of considering both gender and time since discharge when tailoring interventions to support leisure-time PA as a key health habit in post-9/11 veterans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rani A Hoff
- Yale School of Medicine, USA
- Northeast Program Evaluation Center (NEPEC), USA
| |
Collapse
|
180
|
Valenzuela PL, Rivas-Baeza B, Fiuza-Luces C, Lucia A. Exerkine response to acute exercise: Still much to discover. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:759-760. [PMID: 38615711 PMCID: PMC11336349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
•Exerkines mediate, at least partly, the salutary effects of exercise. •However, the actual responsiveness and time-course profile of most of these molecules remains unknown. •Future research should explore potential factors explaining inter-individual variability in exerkine responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Valenzuela
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ("PaHerg"), Research Institute of Hospital "12 de Octubre" ("imas12"), Madrid 28041, Spain; Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Madrid 28871, Spain.
| | | | - Carmen Fiuza-Luces
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ("PaHerg"), Research Institute of Hospital "12 de Octubre" ("imas12"), Madrid 28041, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ("PaHerg"), Research Institute of Hospital "12 de Octubre" ("imas12"), Madrid 28041, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
Li H, Liu H, Zhao L. Unlocking the night: Exploring the health impacts of night-time walking environments on health outcomes of older adults. Soc Sci Med 2024; 361:117359. [PMID: 39366150 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Walking remains the primary form of physical activity for many older adults in China, and the quality of the walking environment at night may determine the frequency and duration of evening outings. This study reveals how night-time environmental features influence the health outcomes of older adults. Using the medical check-up records of 87,578 older adults from a public health service in the Beilin district of Xi'an city, China, the role of the night-time walking environment in managing chronic conditions was examined. A favorable night-time walking environment reduced the prevalence of chronic conditions and comorbidities among older adults. However, the health effects stemming from the night-time walking environment exhibited heterogeneity, with significant impacts only on metabolic conditions, such as hypertension and diabetes, while the effects on other conditions were not significant. Our findings supplement the theory of healthy aging by highlighting the potential value of the environment in managing chronic conditions, which may serve as a cost-effective health intervention for aging societies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
182
|
Taranto D, Kloosterman DJ, Akkari L. Macrophages and T cells in metabolic disorder-associated cancers. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:744-767. [PMID: 39354070 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Cancer and metabolic disorders have emerged as major global health challenges, reaching epidemic levels in recent decades. Often viewed as separate issues, metabolic disorders are shown by mounting evidence to heighten cancer risk and incidence. The intricacies underlying this connection are still being unraveled and encompass a complex interplay between metabolites, cancer cells and immune cells within the tumour microenvironment (TME). Here, we outline the interplay between metabolic and immune cell dysfunction in the context of three highly prevalent metabolic disorders, namely obesity; two associated liver diseases, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH); and type 2 diabetes. We focus primarily on macrophages and T cells, the critical roles of which in dictating inflammatory response and immune surveillance in metabolic disorder-associated cancers are widely reported. Moreover, considering the ever-increasing number of patients prescribed with metabolism disorder-altering drugs and diets in recent years, we discuss how these therapies modulate systemic and local immune phenotypes, consequently impacting cancer malignancy. Collectively, unraveling the determinants of metabolic disorder-associated immune landscape and their role in fuelling cancer malignancy will provide a framework essential to therapeutically address these highly prevalent diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Taranto
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daan J Kloosterman
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leila Akkari
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
183
|
Singh M, Singh S, Pandey MK, Singh S. Exploring the link between physical activity and cardiovascular disease among Indian elderly: Evidence from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India(LASI). Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102778. [PMID: 39089412 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally, particularly among older adults. In India, the rapid demographic transition has resulted in a significant increase in the aging population, necessitating a deeper understanding of the factors influencing CVD prevalence. This study examines the association between physical activity and the prevalence of CVD among individuals aged 60 and above. DATA & METHODS This study utilized cross-sectional data from the LASI-Wave 1, comprising a nationally representative sample of 28,935 individuals. Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between physical activity and CVD. Population Attributable Factor (PAF) was calculated to determine the proportion of CVD cases preventable by recommended physical activity levels. RESULTS Adequate physical activity significantly lowered the risk of CVD by 28% (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.67-0.78). Inadequate physical activity also showed a protective effect (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83-0.94) compared to those who were physically inactive. Other significant factors influencing CVD risk included age, sex, educational level, living arrangements, self-rated health status, body mass index, smoking habits, and multi-morbidity. The comparison between adequate physical activity levels and physically inactive shows a PAF estimate of 0.093 (95% CI: 0.071 - 0.114), indicating that 9.3% of cardiovascular disease cases could be prevented by increasing physical activity from inactive to adequate levels. CONCLUSION The findings highlight the significant role of physical activity in reducing CVD risk among older adults in India. Promoting regular physical activity through community-based programs and healthcare interventions could substantially lower the risk of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moradhvaj Singh
- Department of Yogic Sciences, Lakshmibai National Institution of Physical Education, Gwalior M P, India, 474002.
| | | | - Manoj Kumar Pandey
- Department of Physical Education, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, M P., India, 484887.
| | - Saurabh Singh
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, 400088.
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Caporossi D, Lancha AH, Coletti D. Inflammation: The Beauty or the Beast? Vitamins, Nutritional Supplements, Antioxidant Therapy, and Modulators of Inflammation as Therapeutic Interventions. Nutrients 2024; 16:3630. [PMID: 39519463 PMCID: PMC11547834 DOI: 10.3390/nu16213630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2024] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of inflammation in disease development is now well known not only for acute states but also for chronic pathologies [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Herbert Lancha
- Experimental Surgery (LIM 26), Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo 455, São Paulo 05508-030, SP, Brazil;
| | - Dario Coletti
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm U1164, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
185
|
Adnan R, Roikjaer SG, Samadzadeh S, Richter CJ, Weinshenker BG, Paul F, Skou ST, Dalgas U, Asgari N. At home e-based physical exercise programs in patients with multiple sclerosis: a scoping review. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1449519. [PMID: 39474367 PMCID: PMC11518785 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1449519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physical exercise (PE) improves symptoms and quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). However, incorporating PE into daily lives of pwMS pose difficulties. As an alternative to in-person PE, e-based PE has been proposed because of its advantages in terms of accessibility and convenience. Objective To synthesize existing evidence on e-based PE at home in adults MS and discuss study designs, rehabilitation programs, intervention effects and possible knowledge gaps. Methods In this scoping review, a systematic search in electronic databases including Embase, Medline, CINAHL and Cochrane Library was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Peer-reviewed articles in English on e-based PE interventional studies at home involving adult pwMS, published from 2008 until April 2023, were identified and exported to Covidence. Data from the included studies were extracted and synthesized. This scoping review identified different types of e-based PE interventions used in pwMS across different study designs, but when evaluating intervention effects, this review focused solely on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Results A total of 3,006 studies were retrieved and 179 studies were screened in full text, resulting in the inclusion of 54 studies with a total of 2,359 pwMS. Of those, 33 were RCTs and three were qualitative studies. The studies reported on various e-based interventions including video-based programs, telerehabilitation, and web-based programs. The interventions evaluated muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, walking speed, endurance, balance, and fatigue, as well as symptoms of depression and cognitive dysfunction. E-based PE interventions at home in RCTs demonstrated improvement of depressive symptoms and anxiety, while inconsistent results were reported for fatigue, walking speed and balance. No significant benefits were observed regarding dexterity. Results were generally heterogeneous and were limited by small sample sizes. Several limitations were identified, such as lack of physical activity assessment prior to the intervention and poor reporting of duration, intensity, frequency and adherence to e-based PE interventions. Conclusion E-based PE interventions in pwMS may improve MS-related symptoms, but the study quality is generally low, and findings are often inconsistent. Several important limitations of the existing literature have been identified in the present review, which can guide future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafl Adnan
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- The Center for Neurological Research, Department of Neurology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Stine Gundtoft Roikjaer
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- The Center for Neurological Research, Department of Neurology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
- The Research and Implementation Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Sara Samadzadeh
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- The Center for Neurological Research, Department of Neurology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Camilla Josefine Richter
- The Center for Neurological Research, Department of Neurology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
- The Research and Implementation Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Brian G. Weinshenker
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Søren Thorgaard Skou
- The Research and Implementation Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Slagelse, Denmark
- Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Dalgas
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nasrin Asgari
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- The Center for Neurological Research, Department of Neurology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
186
|
Nitz ACR, Campos MJ, Antunes AAM, da Silva Freitas E, Toscano CVA, Ferreira JP. The Methodological Quality of Studies on Physical Exercise in Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy: A Scoping Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:2039. [PMID: 39451454 PMCID: PMC11508111 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12202039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systematic reviews and meta-analyses point to the benefits of physical exercise for adolescents with cerebral palsy, improving physical conditioning, muscle strength, balance, and walking speed. However, given the high number of reviews that include randomized and non-randomized studies, it is increasingly necessary to assess the methodological quality of these reviews. This scoping review investigated the methodological quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the effects of physical exercise in adolescents with cerebral palsy to elucidate the methodological limitations of the research and the priorities to be observed in future research. METHOD The electronic search used PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Studies published between 2016 and 2023 were selected. The terms used were "cerebral palsy" combined with "physical fitness", "exercise", and "physical activity". RESULTS A total of 219 original reviews were selected. Of these, 19 reviews were included for data analysis. AMSTAR2 was used to assess the methodological quality of the reviews. Three reviews presented high methodological quality (15.78%) and three had moderate methodological quality (15.78%). The remaining reviews had low or critically low methodological quality, according to AMSTAR2. INTERPRETATION This study evidenced that systematic reviews have variable methodological quality and that new studies are still needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandrina Cavalcante Rodrigues Nitz
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
- Sarah Network of Hospitals of Rehabilitation, Fortaleza 60861-634, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria João Campos
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, uid/dtp/04213/2020), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (J.P.F.)
| | | | | | - Chrystiane Vasconcelos Andrade Toscano
- Research Project on Physical Exercise for People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (PEFaut), Institute of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-970, Al, Brazil;
| | - José Pedro Ferreira
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, uid/dtp/04213/2020), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (J.P.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Silva-Lalucci MPDP, Marques DCDS, Ryal JJ, Marques MGDS, Perli VAS, Sordi AF, de Moraes SMF, Valdés-Badilla P, Andreato LV, Branco BHM. Impact of Multi-Professional Intervention on Health-Related Physical Fitness and Biomarkers in Overweight COVID-19 Survivors for 8 and 16 Weeks: A Non-Randomized Clinical Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:2034. [PMID: 39451449 PMCID: PMC11506869 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12202034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2024] [Revised: 10/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Considering the diverse symptomatology of COVID-19-ranging from mild to severe cases-multi-professional interventions are crucial for enhancing physical recovery, nutritional status, and mental health outcomes in affected patients. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of such an intervention on health-related physical fitness and biomarkers in overweight COVID-19 survivors with varying degrees of symptom severity after 8 weeks and 16 weeks. METHODS This non-randomized clinical trial included 59 overweight COVID-19 survivors (32 males and 27 females) divided into three groups: mild (n = 31), moderate (n = 13), and severe/critical (n = 15). The participants underwent a multi-professional program and were assessed for anthropometric and body composition (primary outcome), as well as physical fitness and biochemical markers (secondary outcome) 8 and 16 weeks before the intervention. RESULTS After 8 weeks, time effects were observed for the maximum isometric handgrip strength (p < 0.001), maximum isometric lumbar-traction strength (p = 0.01), flexibility (p < 0.001), abdominal strength-endurance (p < 0.001), the sit-and-stand test (p < 0.001), maximum oxygen consumption (p < 0.001), and distance covered in the 6 min walk test (p < 0.001). Additionally, time effects were also observed for fat mass (p = 0.03), body fat percentage (p = 0.02), abdominal circumference (p = 0.01), total cholesterol (p < 0.001), low-density lipoproteins (p < 0.001), and glycated hemoglobin (p < 0.001), with lower values after multi-professional interventions. After 16 weeks, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed significant reductions independently of the intervention group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that multi-professional interventions can provide substantial benefits for post-COVID-19 patients, regardless of the severity of their initial symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Priscila de Paula Silva-Lalucci
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil; (M.P.d.P.S.-L.); (D.C.d.S.M.); (J.J.R.); (M.G.d.S.M.); (V.A.S.P.); (A.F.S.); (L.V.A.)
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil
| | - Déborah Cristina de Souza Marques
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil; (M.P.d.P.S.-L.); (D.C.d.S.M.); (J.J.R.); (M.G.d.S.M.); (V.A.S.P.); (A.F.S.); (L.V.A.)
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil
| | - Joed Jacinto Ryal
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil; (M.P.d.P.S.-L.); (D.C.d.S.M.); (J.J.R.); (M.G.d.S.M.); (V.A.S.P.); (A.F.S.); (L.V.A.)
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil
| | - Marilene Ghiraldi de Souza Marques
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil; (M.P.d.P.S.-L.); (D.C.d.S.M.); (J.J.R.); (M.G.d.S.M.); (V.A.S.P.); (A.F.S.); (L.V.A.)
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil
| | - Victor Augusto Santos Perli
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil; (M.P.d.P.S.-L.); (D.C.d.S.M.); (J.J.R.); (M.G.d.S.M.); (V.A.S.P.); (A.F.S.); (L.V.A.)
| | - Ana Flávia Sordi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil; (M.P.d.P.S.-L.); (D.C.d.S.M.); (J.J.R.); (M.G.d.S.M.); (V.A.S.P.); (A.F.S.); (L.V.A.)
| | | | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3530000, Chile;
- Sports Coach Career, School of Education, Universidad Viña del Mar, Vina del Mar 2520000, Chile
| | - Leonardo Vidal Andreato
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil; (M.P.d.P.S.-L.); (D.C.d.S.M.); (J.J.R.); (M.G.d.S.M.); (V.A.S.P.); (A.F.S.); (L.V.A.)
- Physical Education Course, State University of Amazonas, Barcelos 69700-000, Brazil
| | - Braulio Henrique Magnani Branco
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil; (M.P.d.P.S.-L.); (D.C.d.S.M.); (J.J.R.); (M.G.d.S.M.); (V.A.S.P.); (A.F.S.); (L.V.A.)
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
188
|
Bornhöft L, Arvidsson D, Bergenheim A, Börjesson M, Fridolfsson J, Hellgren M, Nordeman L, Larsson MEH. Function-based risk reduction intervention for lifestyle-related disorders among inactive 40-year-old people: a pilot randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2799. [PMID: 39396984 PMCID: PMC11479533 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-20301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventions for preventing or reducing the development of lifestyle-related disorders should be investigated as these conditions are becoming increasingly prevalent and having large effects on quality of life and life expectancy globally. The aim of this pilot study was to prepare for a full-scale randomised controlled trial by evaluating the short-term changes resulting from a function-based preventive intervention aimed at lifestyle-related disorders on a small group of physically inactive 40-year-old people. Change in objectively measured physical activity, functional capacity according to a risk profile, and goal attainment were main outcomes. METHODS Participants (n = 27) underwent functional examinations including tests of fitness, strength, mobility, balance, and posture as well as standard medical examinations including weight measures, blood pressure and blood tests and were randomised to two groups. The intervention group (n = 15) received feedback from all the examinations and lifestyle counselling based on a functional profile. The control group (n = 12) received feedback only from the standard medical examination. Follow-up was at 3-4 months. Changes in physical activity measured with accelerometers, functional levels on the functional profile, goal attainment and subjective assessments of health-related quality of life, motivation, function, and physical activity were examined, as were standard medical parameters. RESULTS Change in mean time in moderate or more intense physical activity was 9 min higher in the intervention group (95% confidence interval -6.35, 24.51) and change in sedentary time was 42 min lower (-95.24, 11.32). The intervention group showed a higher increase in motivation for change 1.58 on 10-point scale (0.20, 2.97) and indicated more improvement on the functional risk levels concerning fitness (-0.06, 0.90). Correlation between objectively measured and self-assessed physical activity and function increased after the intervention. Most participants in the intervention group achieved some or all of their goals. CONCLUSIONS This small-scale pilot intervention with functional examinations and lifestyle counselling showed positive tendencies for change in short-term physical activity level. It seemed to lead to better understanding of personal functional capacity and increased motivation for lifestyle changes. Setting and fulfilling meaningful goals for lifestyle-related changes seemed to influence levels on the functional profile in positive directions. Research on larger and more diverse populations will be necessary to better understand the implications of the intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05535296 first posted on 10/09/2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Bornhöft
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Research, Education, Development, and Innovation Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Borås, Vänersborg and Skövde, Sweden.
- Närhälsan Torslanda Rehabilitation Clinic, Primary Care Rehabilitation, Region Västra Götaland, Torslanda, Sweden.
- General Practice - Family Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Arvidsson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition and Sports Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Bergenheim
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research, Education, Development, and Innovation Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Borås, Vänersborg and Skövde, Sweden
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Lifestyle Intervention, Department of MGAÖ, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Fridolfsson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition and Sports Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margareta Hellgren
- General Practice - Family Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Skaraborg Institute, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Lena Nordeman
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research, Education, Development, and Innovation Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Borås, Vänersborg and Skövde, Sweden
| | - Maria E H Larsson
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research, Education, Development, and Innovation Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Borås, Vänersborg and Skövde, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Tamargo-Gómez I, Fernández-Sanjurjo M, Codina-Martínez H, Tomás-Zapico C, Iglesias-Gutiérrez E, Fernández-García B, Fernández ÁF. Autophagy Alterations in White and Brown Adipose Tissues of Mice Exercised under Different Training Protocols. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2024; 29:348. [PMID: 39473419 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2910348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that promotes cellular homeostasis and health. Although exercise is a well-established inducer of this pathway, little is known about the effects of different types of training protocols on the autophagy levels of tissues that are tightly linked to age-related metabolic syndromes (like brown adipose tissue) but are not easily accessible in humans. METHODS Here, we take advantage of animal models to assess the effects of short- and long-term resistance and endurance training in both white and brown adipose tissue, reporting distinct alterations on autophagy proteins microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (MAP1LC3B, or LC3B) and sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1/p62). Additionally, we also analyzed the repercussions of these interventions in fat tissues of mice lacking autophagy-related protein 4 homolog B (ATG4B), further assessing the impact of exercise in these dynamic, regulatory organs when autophagy is limited. RESULTS In wild-type mice, both short-term endurance and resistance training protocols increased the levels of autophagy markers in white adipose tissue before this similarity diverges during long training, while autophagy regulation appears to be far more complex in brown adipose tissue. Meanwhile, in ATG4B-deficient mice, only resistance training could slightly increase the presence of lipidated LC3B, while p62 levels increased in white adipose tissue after short-term training but decreased in brown adipose tissue after long-term training. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our study suggests an intricated regulation of exercise-induced autophagy in adipose tissues that is dependent on the training protocol and the autophagy competence of the organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Tamargo-Gómez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-Sanjurjo
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Helena Codina-Martínez
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Tomás-Zapico
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eduardo Iglesias-Gutiérrez
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Benjamín Fernández-García
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Álvaro F Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
Diniz DG, Bento-Torres J, da Costa VO, Carvalho JPR, Tomás AM, Galdino de Oliveira TC, Soares FC, de Macedo LDED, Jardim NYV, Bento-Torres NVO, Anthony DC, Brites D, Picanço Diniz CW. The Hidden Dangers of Sedentary Living: Insights into Molecular, Cellular, and Systemic Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10757. [PMID: 39409085 PMCID: PMC11476792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
With the aging of the global population, neurodegenerative diseases are emerging as a major public health issue. The adoption of a less sedentary lifestyle has been shown to have a beneficial effect on cognitive decline, but the molecular mechanisms responsible are less clear. Here we provide a detailed analysis of the complex molecular, cellular, and systemic mechanisms underlying age-related cognitive decline and how lifestyle choices influence these processes. A review of the evidence from animal models, human studies, and postmortem analyses emphasizes the importance of integrating physical exercise with cognitive, multisensory, and motor stimulation as part of a multifaceted approach to mitigating cognitive decline. We highlight the potential of these non-pharmacological interventions to address key aging hallmarks, such as genomic instability, telomere attrition, and neuroinflammation, and underscore the need for comprehensive and personalized strategies to promote cognitive resilience and healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Guerreiro Diniz
- Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Seção de Hepatologia, Belém 66.093-020, Pará, Brazil;
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.073-005, Pará, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.073-005, Pará, Brazil; (J.B.-T.); (V.O.d.C.); (J.P.R.C.); (A.M.T.); (T.C.G.d.O.); (F.C.S.); (L.D.e.D.d.M.); (N.Y.V.J.)
| | - João Bento-Torres
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.073-005, Pará, Brazil; (J.B.-T.); (V.O.d.C.); (J.P.R.C.); (A.M.T.); (T.C.G.d.O.); (F.C.S.); (L.D.e.D.d.M.); (N.Y.V.J.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.050-160, Pará, Brazil
| | - Victor Oliveira da Costa
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.073-005, Pará, Brazil; (J.B.-T.); (V.O.d.C.); (J.P.R.C.); (A.M.T.); (T.C.G.d.O.); (F.C.S.); (L.D.e.D.d.M.); (N.Y.V.J.)
| | - Josilayne Patricia Ramos Carvalho
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.073-005, Pará, Brazil; (J.B.-T.); (V.O.d.C.); (J.P.R.C.); (A.M.T.); (T.C.G.d.O.); (F.C.S.); (L.D.e.D.d.M.); (N.Y.V.J.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.050-160, Pará, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Mendonça Tomás
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.073-005, Pará, Brazil; (J.B.-T.); (V.O.d.C.); (J.P.R.C.); (A.M.T.); (T.C.G.d.O.); (F.C.S.); (L.D.e.D.d.M.); (N.Y.V.J.)
- Campus Samabaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (EBTT), CEPAE, Goiânia 74.001-970, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thaís Cristina Galdino de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.073-005, Pará, Brazil; (J.B.-T.); (V.O.d.C.); (J.P.R.C.); (A.M.T.); (T.C.G.d.O.); (F.C.S.); (L.D.e.D.d.M.); (N.Y.V.J.)
- Faculdade de Ceilândia, Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 72.220-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cabral Soares
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.073-005, Pará, Brazil; (J.B.-T.); (V.O.d.C.); (J.P.R.C.); (A.M.T.); (T.C.G.d.O.); (F.C.S.); (L.D.e.D.d.M.); (N.Y.V.J.)
| | - Liliane Dias e Dias de Macedo
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.073-005, Pará, Brazil; (J.B.-T.); (V.O.d.C.); (J.P.R.C.); (A.M.T.); (T.C.G.d.O.); (F.C.S.); (L.D.e.D.d.M.); (N.Y.V.J.)
- Campus Tucurui, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Tucurui 68.455-210, Pará, Brazil
| | - Naina Yuki Vieira Jardim
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.073-005, Pará, Brazil; (J.B.-T.); (V.O.d.C.); (J.P.R.C.); (A.M.T.); (T.C.G.d.O.); (F.C.S.); (L.D.e.D.d.M.); (N.Y.V.J.)
- Campus Tucurui, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Tucurui 68.455-210, Pará, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | - Natáli Valim Oliver Bento-Torres
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.073-005, Pará, Brazil; (J.B.-T.); (V.O.d.C.); (J.P.R.C.); (A.M.T.); (T.C.G.d.O.); (F.C.S.); (L.D.e.D.d.M.); (N.Y.V.J.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.050-160, Pará, Brazil
| | - Daniel Clive Anthony
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK;
| | - Dora Brites
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.073-005, Pará, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.073-005, Pará, Brazil; (J.B.-T.); (V.O.d.C.); (J.P.R.C.); (A.M.T.); (T.C.G.d.O.); (F.C.S.); (L.D.e.D.d.M.); (N.Y.V.J.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Pará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Behrendt T, Bielitzki R, Behrens M, Jahns LM, Boersma M, Schega L. Acute psycho-physiological responses to submaximal constant-load cycling under intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia vs. hypoxia-normoxia in young males. PeerJ 2024; 12:e18027. [PMID: 39376227 PMCID: PMC11457877 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia and hyperoxia can affect the acute psycho-physiological response to exercise. Recording various perceptual responses to exercise is of particular importance for investigating behavioral changes to physical activity, given that the perception of exercise-induced pain, discomfort or unpleasure, and a low level of exercise enjoyment are commonly associated with a low adherence to physical activity. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the acute perceptual and physiological responses to aerobic exercise under intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia (IHHT), hypoxia-normoxia (IHT), and sustained normoxia (NOR) in young, recreational active, healthy males. Methods Using a randomized, single-blinded, crossover design, 15 males (age: 24.5 ± 4.2 yrs) performed 40 min of submaximal constant-load cycling (at 60% peak oxygen uptake, 80 rpm) under IHHT (5 × 4 min hypoxia and hyperoxia), IHT (5 × 4 min hypoxia and normoxia), and NOR. Inspiratory fraction of oxygen during hypoxia and hyperoxia was set to 14% and 30%, respectively. Heart rate (HR), total hemoglobin (tHb) and muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) of the right vastus lateralis muscle were continuously recorded during cycling. Participants' peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and perceptual responses (i.e., perceived motor fatigue, effort perception, perceived physical strain, affective valence, arousal, motivation to exercise, and conflict to continue exercise) were surveyed prior, during (every 4 min), and after cycling. Prior to and after exercise, peripheral blood lactate concentration (BLC) was determined. Exercise enjoyment was ascertained after cycling. For statistical analysis, repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted. Results No differences in the acute perceptual responses were found between conditions (p ≥ 0.059, ηp 2 ≤ 0.18), while the physiological responses differed. Accordingly, SpO2 was higher during the hyperoxic periods during the IHHT compared to the normoxic periods during the IHT (p < 0.001, ηp 2 = 0.91). Moreover, HR (p = 0.005, ηp 2 = 0.33) and BLC (p = 0.033, ηp 2 = 0.28) were higher during IHT compared to NOR. No differences between conditions were found for changes in tHb (p = 0.684, ηp 2 = 0.03) and SmO2 (p = 0.093, ηp 2 = 0.16). Conclusion IHT was associated with a higher physiological response and metabolic stress, while IHHT did not lead to an increase in HR and BLC compared to NOR. In addition, compared to IHT, IHHT seems to improve reoxygenation indicated by a higher SpO2 during the hyperoxic periods. However, there were no differences in perceptual responses and ratings of exercise enjoyment between conditions. These results suggest that replacing normoxic by hyperoxic reoxygenation-periods during submaximal constant-load cycling under intermittent hypoxia reduced the exercise-related physiological stress but had no effect on perceptual responses and perceived exercise enjoyment in young recreational active healthy males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Behrendt
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bielitzki
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- University of Applied Sciences for Sport and Management Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lina-Marie Jahns
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Malte Boersma
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
192
|
Turkel I, Ozerklig B, Yazgan B, Ozenc AE, Kubat GB, Simsek G, Atakan MM, Kosar SN. Systemic and tissue-specific spexin response to acute treadmill exercise in rats. Peptides 2024; 180:171281. [PMID: 39111593 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Spexin (SPX) is a 14-amino-acid peptide that plays an important role in the regulation of metabolism and energy homeostasis. It is well known that a variety of bioactive molecules released into the circulation by organs and tissues in response to acute and chronic exercise, known as exerkines, mediate the benefits of exercise by improving metabolic health. However, it is unclear whether acute exercise affects SPX levels in the circulation and peripheral tissues. This study aimed to determine whether acute treadmill exercise induces plasma SPX levels, as well as mRNA expression and immunostaining of SPX in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into sedentary and acute exercise groups. Plasma, soleus (SOL), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), adipose tissue, and liver samples were collected at six time points (0, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h) following 60 min of acute treadmill exercise at a speed of 25 m/min and 0 % grade. Acute exercise increased plasma SPX levels and induced mRNA expression of Spx in the SOL, EDL, and liver. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that acute exercise led to a decrease in SPX immunostaining in the liver. Taken together, these findings suggest that SPX increases in response to acute exercise as a potential exerkine candidate, and the liver may be one of the sources of acute exercise-induced plasma SPX levels in rats. However, a comprehensive analysis is needed to fully elucidate the systemic response of SPX to acute exercise, as well as the tissue from which SPX is secreted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Turkel
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Berkay Ozerklig
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Yazgan
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Sabuncuoglu Serefeddin Health Services Vocational School, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Emrah Ozenc
- Department of Pathology, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Burcin Kubat
- Department of Mitochondria and Cellular Research, Gulhane Health Sciences Institute, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey; Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulcin Simsek
- Department of Pathology, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Mustafa Atakan
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sukran Nazan Kosar
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
193
|
Xia Q, Li P, Casas-Martinez JC, Miranda-Vizuete A, McDermott E, Dockery P, Goljanek-Whysall K, McDonagh B. Peroxiredoxin 2 regulates DAF-16/FOXO mediated mitochondrial remodelling in response to exercise that is disrupted in ageing. Mol Metab 2024; 88:102003. [PMID: 39117041 PMCID: PMC11388264 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.102003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A decline in mitochondrial function and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress is a hallmark of ageing. Exercise endogenously generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skeletal muscle and promotes mitochondrial remodelling resulting in improved mitochondrial function. It is unclear how exercise induced redox signalling results in alterations in mitochondrial dynamics and morphology. METHODS In this study, a Caenorhabditis elegans model of exercise and ageing was used to determine the mechanistic role of Peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX-2) in regulating mitochondrial morphology. Mitochondrial morphology was analysed using transgenic reporter strains and transmission electron microscopy, complimented with the analysis of the effects of ageing and exercise on physiological activity. RESULTS The redox state of PRDX-2 was altered with exercise and ageing, hyperoxidised peroxiredoxins were detected in old worms along with basally elevated intracellular ROS. Exercise generated intracellular ROS and rapid mitochondrial remodelling, which was disrupted with age. The exercise intervention promoted mitochondrial ER contact sites (MERCS) assembly and increased DAF-16/FOXO nuclear localisation. The prdx-2 mutant strain had a disrupted mitochondrial network as evidenced by increased mitochondrial fragmentation. In the prdx-2 mutant strain, exercise did not activate DAF-16/FOXO, mitophagy or increase MERCS assembly. The results demonstrate that exercise generated ROS increased DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor nuclear localisation required for activation of mitochondrial fusion events that were blunted with age. CONCLUSIONS The data demonstrate the critical role of PRDX-2 in orchestrating mitochondrial remodelling in response to a physiological stress by regulating redox dependent DAF-16/FOXO nuclear localisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xia
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ireland; Apoptosis Research Centre, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Penglin Li
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ireland; Apoptosis Research Centre, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - José C Casas-Martinez
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ireland; Apoptosis Research Centre, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Antonio Miranda-Vizuete
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Emma McDermott
- Centre for Microscopy and Imaging, Discipline of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Peter Dockery
- Centre for Microscopy and Imaging, Discipline of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ireland; Apoptosis Research Centre, University of Galway, Ireland; Institute of Lifecourse and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Brian McDonagh
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ireland; Apoptosis Research Centre, University of Galway, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
194
|
McKendry J, Coletta G, Nunes EA, Lim C, Phillips SM. Mitigating disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in ageing: Resistance exercise as a critical countermeasure. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:1650-1662. [PMID: 39106083 PMCID: PMC11442788 DOI: 10.1113/ep091937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The gradual deterioration of physiological systems with ageing makes it difficult to maintain skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia), at least partly due to the presence of 'anabolic resistance', resulting in muscle loss. Sarcopenia can be transiently but markedly accelerated through periods of muscle disuse-induced (i.e., unloading) atrophy due to reduced physical activity, sickness, immobilisation or hospitalisation. Periods of disuse are detrimental to older adults' overall quality of life and substantially increase their risk of falls, physical and social dependence, and early mortality. Disuse events induce skeletal muscle atrophy through various mechanisms, including anabolic resistance, inflammation, disturbed proteostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction, all of which tip the scales in favour of a negative net protein balance and subsequent muscle loss. Concerningly, recovery from disuse atrophy is more difficult for older adults than their younger counterparts. Resistance training (RT) is a potent anabolic stimulus that can robustly stimulate muscle protein synthesis and mitigate muscle losses in older adults when implemented before, during and following unloading. RT may take the form of traditional weightlifting-focused RT, bodyweight training and lower- and higher-load RT. When combined with sufficient dietary protein, RT can accelerate older adults' recovery from a disuse event, mitigate frailty and improve mobility; however, few older adults regularly participate in RT. A feasible and practical approach to improving the accessibility and acceptability of RT is through the use of resistance bands. Moving forward, RT must be prescribed to older adults to mitigate the negative consequences of disuse atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James McKendry
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of KinesiologyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Giulia Coletta
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of KinesiologyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Everson A. Nunes
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of KinesiologyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Changhyun Lim
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of KinesiologyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Stuart M. Phillips
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of KinesiologyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| |
Collapse
|
195
|
Tamayo-Torres E, Garrido A, de Cabo R, Carretero J, Gómez-Cabrera MC. Molecular mechanisms of cancer cachexia. Role of exercise training. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 99:101293. [PMID: 39059039 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Cancer-associated cachexia represents a multifactorial syndrome mainly characterized by muscle mass loss, which causes both a decrease in quality of life and anti-cancer therapy failure, among other consequences. The definition and diagnostic criteria of cachexia have changed and improved over time, including three different stages (pre-cachexia, cachexia, and refractory cachexia) and objective diagnostic markers. This metabolic wasting syndrome is characterized by a negative protein balance, and anti-cancer drugs like chemotherapy or immunotherapy exacerbate it through relatively unknown mechanisms. Due to its complexity, cachexia management involves a multidisciplinary strategy including not only nutritional and pharmacological interventions. Physical exercise has been proposed as a strategy to counteract the effects of cachexia on skeletal muscle, as it influences the mechanisms involved in the disease such as protein turnover, inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review will summarize the experimental and clinical evidence of the impact of physical exercise on cancer-associated cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tamayo-Torres
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain; Freshage Research Group. Department of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amanda Garrido
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Julián Carretero
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - María Carmen Gómez-Cabrera
- Freshage Research Group. Department of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
196
|
Calonge-Pascual S, Gómez MÁ, Belmonte-Cortés S, Casajús Mallén JA, González-Gross M. Analysis of Madrid Primary Health-Care staff for the implementation of exercise prescription. Aten Primaria 2024; 56:102946. [PMID: 38701691 PMCID: PMC11081781 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2024.102946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the self-perception of nurses and general practitioners (GPs) toward Physical Activity on Prescription (PAP) in Madrid Primary Health-Care (PHC). DESIGN A survey-cohort study. SITE: Nurses and GPs of Madrid PHC System. PARTICIPANTS A total of 319 GPs and 285 nurses' responders. MEASUREMENTS Data were analyzed under a classification tree analysis by four predictor variables: (i) Health professional (Nurses/GPs); (ii) Exercise prescription collaboration with all health professionals: physicians, nurses, psychologists, physical therapists, sports medicine physicians, sports scientists, nutritionists, and teachers (Yes/No); (iii) PA promotion collaboration with Sports Scientists (Yes/No); and (iv) The stage of change of PHC staff to PA promotion (0-4 Likert scale). RESULTS Regarding the predictor variable (i), responders without PA guidelines knowledge and positive attitude to collaborate with nurses in PA promotion are more GPs of female sex (nurses n=33 and GPs n=175) than male sex (nurses n=3 and GPs n=59) (p<.001). For the predictor variable (ii) only 9.30% of PHC staff with a positive attitude to collaborate with all health professionals in PA promotion and exercise prescription. For the predictor variable (iii) was shown low collaboration with sports physicians and sports scientists under a multidisciplinary PAP approach (26.50% responders). Finally, in the predictor variable (iv) Staff maintaining PAP for at least 6 months, self-considered active, and with PAP knowledge want to collaborate with Sports scientists (Yes=233; No=133). CONCLUSIONS Nurses and GPs are conscious of health-related PA benefits despite the lack of PAP knowledge and lack of willingness to collaborate with other health personnel, exercise professionals, and community resources available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Calonge-Pascual
- ImFINE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/ Martín Fierro 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain; REDAFLED Research Group, Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Valladolid, Calle Universidad, 42004 Soria, Spain.
| | - Miguel-Ángel Gómez
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/ Martín Fierro 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Antonio Casajús Mallén
- GENUD Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Domingo Miral s/n. 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFINE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/ Martín Fierro 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
197
|
Butt TH, Tobiume M, Re DB, Kariya S. Physical Exercise Counteracts Aging-Associated White Matter Demyelination Causing Cognitive Decline. Aging Dis 2024; 15:2136-2148. [PMID: 38377028 PMCID: PMC11346408 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system, oligodendrocytes wrap around neuronal axons to form myelin, an insulating layer or sheath that allows for the efficient conductance of action potentials. In addition to structural insulation, myelin provides encased axons with nutrient, metabolic and defensive support. Demyelination, or myelin loss, can therefore cause axonal dysfunction, leading to neurological impairment and disease. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), progressive white matter demyelination is acknowledged as one of the earliest pathologies preceding symptom onset. Unfortunately, current pharmacotherapy for slowing demyelination or promoting remyelination in AD is nonexistent. Exercise is recognized for its wide-ranging benefits to human health, including improved mental health and the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases. Mounting evidence suggests the contribution of physical activity in delaying the progression of dementia in elderly populations. Recent mechanistic studies have shown that exercise facilitates myelination in the brain through the vitalization of intrinsic pro-myelination cues, such as increased neurotrophic factors and electrical activity. In this review, we summarize and discuss the potential of physical exercise on counteracting aging-associated white matter demyelination, which causes cognitive decline in AD. We highlight the need of further basic and clinical research investigations on this topic to establish novel approaches for healthy and improved brain aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya H Butt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Makoto Tobiume
- Unit for Respiratory System & Dementia in the Division of Internal Medicine, Katsuren Hospital, Itoman, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Diane B Re
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- NIEHS Center for Environmental Health Sciences in Northern Manhattan, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shingo Kariya
- Unit for Nervous System & Dementia in the Division of Internal Medicine, Katsuren Hospital, Itoman, Okinawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
198
|
Furrer R, Handschin C. Molecular aspects of the exercise response and training adaptation in skeletal muscle. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 223:53-68. [PMID: 39059515 PMCID: PMC7617583 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plasticity enables an enormous potential to adapt to various internal and external stimuli and perturbations. Most notably, changes in contractile activity evoke a massive remodeling of biochemical, metabolic and force-generating properties. In recent years, a large number of signals, sensors, regulators and effectors have been implicated in these adaptive processes. Nevertheless, our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of training adaptation remains rudimentary. Specifically, the mechanisms that underlie signal integration, output coordination, functional redundancy and other complex traits of muscle adaptation are unknown. In fact, it is even unclear how stimulus-dependent specification is brought about in endurance or resistance exercise. In this review, we will provide an overview on the events that describe the acute perturbations in single endurance and resistance exercise bouts. Furthermore, we will provide insights into the molecular principles of long-term training adaptation. Finally, current gaps in knowledge will be identified, and strategies for a multi-omic and -cellular analyses of the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle plasticity that are engaged in individual, acute exercise bouts and chronic training adaptation discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regula Furrer
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph Handschin
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
199
|
Adammek F, Wences Chirino TY, Walzik D, Trebing S, Belen S, Renpening D, Zimmer P, Joisten N. Kinetics of Immune Cell Mobilization during Acute Aerobic Exercise in Healthy Adults. Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:908-916. [PMID: 38834174 DOI: 10.1055/a-2338-5397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
While pre-post differences in immune cell mobilization after acute aerobic exercise are well investigated, less is known about when and to what extent immune cells are mobilized during acute aerobic exercise. This experimental trial aimed to investigate the detailed kinetics of circulating immune cells in twelve healthy adults (n=6 females) who completed a 40-min aerobic exercise bout at 60% of the participants' V̇O2peak on a bicycle ergometer. Cellular inflammation markers and sex-dependent differences in circulating immune cells were analyzed. Blood samples were taken immediately before, after warm-up, during exercise after 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, 40 min (cessation), and 60 min post exercise. Significant increases in leukocytes (p<0.001), lymphocytes (p<0.001), neutrophils (p=0.003) and platelets (p=0.047) can be observed after 5 min of exercise. The cellular inflammation markers show significant alterations only post exercise. Significant sex differences were observed for neutrophils (p=0.049) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (p=0.007) one hour post exercise. These results indicate that i) leukocytes are already mobilized after 5 min of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise, ii) the magnitude of exercise induced leukocyte mobilization is dependent on exercise duration, iii) integrative cellular inflammation markers are only altered after exercise cessation, and iv) the observed effects might be sex-dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Adammek
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Department of Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tiffany Y Wences Chirino
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Department of Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - David Walzik
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Department of Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sina Trebing
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Department of Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sergen Belen
- Division of Exercise and Movement Science, University of Göttingen Institute for Sport Science, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Renpening
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Department of Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Department of Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Niklas Joisten
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Department of Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
- Division of Exercise and Movement Science, University of Göttingen Institute for Sport Science, Gottingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
200
|
Zhang H, Hashim SB, Huang D, Zhang B. The effect of physical exercise on depression among college students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2024; 12:e18111. [PMID: 39329135 PMCID: PMC11426321 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The goal of the present research was to evaluate the effectiveness of physical exercise intervention in enhancing psychological well-being and decreasing symptoms of depression among college students, adopting a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methodology The study was performed by searching four databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) to determine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exploring the impacts of physical exercise therapies among college students with symptoms of depression. The sequential execution of a meta-analyses, subgroup analyses, and publication bias analyses was accomplished utilizing the software package RevMan version 5.3. Results There were eight articles included. This research demonstrated a significant impact (d = -0.75, P < 0.05), indicating that physical exercise has a substantial impact on decreasing or mitigating depression. The subgroup analyses revealed that interventions involving physical exercise workouts lasting 12 weeks or longer (d = -0.93, P < 0.05), with physical exercise sessions lasting between 30 and 60 min (d = -0.77, P < 0.05), and with physical exercise performed minimum of three times a week (d = -0.90, P < 0.05) were the most effective in reducing symptoms of depression. Conclusion Physical exercise interventions have a beneficial impact on reducing depression among college students. The optimal mode was discovered to be college students participating in each session for a duration of 30 to 60 min, at least three times per week, and for more than 12 weeks. College students are encouraged to cultivate a consistent and long-term physical exercise routine to sustain their physical and mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haopeng Zhang
- School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Dandan Huang
- School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Bowen Zhang
- School of Faculty of Education and Liberal Studies, City University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|