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Vélez-Ixta JM, Juárez-Castelán CJ, Ramírez-Sánchez D, Lázaro-Pérez NDS, Castro-Arellano JJ, Romero-Maldonado S, Rico-Arzate E, Hoyo-Vadillo C, Salgado-Mancilla M, Gómez-Cruz CY, Krishnakumar A, Piña-Escobedo A, Benitez-Guerrero T, Pizano-Zárate ML, Cruz-Narváez Y, García-Mena J. Post Natal Microbial and Metabolite Transmission: The Path from Mother to Infant. Nutrients 2024; 16:1990. [PMID: 38999737 PMCID: PMC11243545 DOI: 10.3390/nu16131990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The entero-mammary pathway is a specialized route that selectively translocates bacteria to the newborn's gut, playing a crucial role in neonatal development. Previous studies report shared bacterial and archaeal taxa between human milk and neonatal intestine. However, the functional implications for neonatal development are not fully understood due to limited evidence. This study aimed to identify and characterize the microbiota and metabolome of human milk, mother, and infant stool samples using high-throughput DNA sequencing and FT-ICR MS methodology at delivery and 4 months post-partum. Twenty-one mothers and twenty-five infants were included in this study. Our results on bacterial composition suggest vertical transmission of bacteria through breastfeeding, with major changes occurring during the first 4 months of life. Metabolite chemical characterization sheds light on the growing complexity of the metabolites. Further data integration and network analysis disclosed the interactions between different bacteria and metabolites in the biological system as well as possible unknown pathways. Our findings suggest a shared bacteriome in breastfed mother-neonate pairs, influenced by maternal lifestyle and delivery conditions, serving as probiotic agents in infants for their healthy development. Also, the presence of food biomarkers in infants suggests their origin from breast milk, implying selective vertical transmission of these features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Vélez-Ixta
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Carmen Josefina Juárez-Castelán
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Daniela Ramírez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Noemí Del Socorro Lázaro-Pérez
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - José Javier Castro-Arellano
- Laboratorio de Posgrado e Investigación de Operaciones Unitarias, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Silvia Romero-Maldonado
- Unidad de Cuidados Intermedios al Recién Nacido, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Enrique Rico-Arzate
- Laboratorio de Posgrado e Investigación de Operaciones Unitarias, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Carlos Hoyo-Vadillo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Cinvestav, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Marisol Salgado-Mancilla
- Laboratorio de Posgrado e Investigación de Operaciones Unitarias, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Carlos Yamel Gómez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Posgrado e Investigación de Operaciones Unitarias, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Aparna Krishnakumar
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Alberto Piña-Escobedo
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Tizziani Benitez-Guerrero
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - María Luisa Pizano-Zárate
- Coordinación de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
- Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 4, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Yair Cruz-Narváez
- Laboratorio de Posgrado e Investigación de Operaciones Unitarias, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Jaime García-Mena
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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Fabi JP. The connection between gut microbiota and its metabolites with neurodegenerative diseases in humans. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:967-984. [PMID: 38848023 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01369-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The aging of populations is a global phenomenon that follows a possible increase in the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Multiple Sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Huntington's diseases are some neurodegenerative disorders that aging could initiate or aggravate. Recent research has indicated that intestinal microbiota dysbiosis can trigger metabolism and brain functioning, contributing to the etiopathogenesis of those neurodegenerative diseases. The intestinal microbiota and its metabolites show significant functions in various aspects, such as the immune system modulation (development and maturation), the maintenance of the intestinal barrier integrity, the modulation of neuromuscular functions in the intestine, and the facilitation of essential metabolic processes for both the microbiota and humans. The primary evidence supporting the connection between intestinal microbiota and its metabolites with neurodegenerative diseases are epidemiological observations and animal models experimentation. This paper reviews up-to-date evidence on the correlation between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and neurodegenerative diseases, with a specially focus on gut metabolites. Dysbiosis can increase inflammatory cytokines and bacterial metabolites, altering intestinal and blood-brain barrier permeability and causing neuroinflammation, thus facilitating the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Clinical data supporting this evidence still needs to be improved. Most of the works found are descriptive and associated with the presence of phyla or species of bacteria with neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the limitations of recent research, the potential for elucidating clinical questions that have thus far eluded clarification within prevailing pathophysiological frameworks of health and disease is promising through investigation of the interplay between the host and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Fabi
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508000, SP, Brazil.
- Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508080, SP, Brazil.
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, 05508080, SP, Brazil.
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Chen M, Lin Y, Yu C, Fu R, Shentu H, Yao J, Huang J, He Y, Yu M. Effect of cesarean section on the risk of autism spectrum disorders/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring: a meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:439-455. [PMID: 37219611 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between cesarean section (CS) offspring and autism spectrum disorders (ASD)/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS Searching of the databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library) for studies on the relationship between mode of delivery and ASD/ADHD until August 2022. The primary outcome was the incidence of ASD/ADHD in the offspring. RESULTS This meta-analysis included 35 studies (12 cohort studies and 23 case-control studies). Statistical results showed a higher risk of ASD (odds ratio (OR) = 1.25, P < 0.001) and ADHD (OR = 1.11, P < 0.001) in CS offspring compared to the VD group. Partial subgroup analysis showed no difference in ASD risk between CS and VD offspring in sibling-matched groups (OR = 0.98, P = 0.625). The risk of ASD was higher in females (OR = 1.66, P = 0.003) than in males (OR = 1.17, P = 0.004) in the CS offspring compared with the VD group. There was no difference in the risk of ASD between CS under regional anesthesia group and VD group (OR = 1.07, P = 0.173). However, the risk of ASD was higher in the CS offspring under general anesthesia than in the VD offspring (OR = 1.62, P < 0.001). CS offspring developed autism (OR = 1.38, P = 0.011) and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (OR = 1.46, P = 0.004) had a higher risk than VD offspring, but there was no difference in Asperger syndrome (OR = 1.19, P = 0.115). Offspring born via CS had a higher incidence of ADHD in different subgroup analyses (sibling-matched, type of CS, and study design). CONCLUSIONS In this meta-analysis, CS was a risk factor for ASD/ADHD in offspring compared with VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Chen
- The Public Health College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yeting Lin
- Anesthesiology Department, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chiyuan Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongrong Fu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haojie Shentu
- The Medical Imaging College, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Yao
- The Public Health College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianing Huang
- The Public Health College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujing He
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengjiao Yu
- Emergency Medical Center, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital, 998 North Qianhe Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, China.
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Pinto S, Benincà E, Galazzo G, Jonkers D, Penders J, Bogaards JA. Heterogeneous associations of gut microbiota with Crohn's disease activity. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2292239. [PMID: 38105519 PMCID: PMC10730216 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2292239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The multi-factorial involvement of gut microbiota with Crohn's disease (CD) necessitates robust analysis to uncover possible associations with particular microbes. CD has been linked to specific bacteria, but reported associations vary widely across studies. This inconsistency may result from heterogeneous associations across individual patients, resulting in no apparent or only weak relationships with the means of bacterial abundances. We investigated the relationship between bacterial relative abundances and disease activity in a longitudinal cohort of CD patients (n = 57) and healthy controls (n = 15). We applied quantile regression, a statistical technique that allows investigation of possible relationships outside the mean response. We found several significant and mostly negative associations with CD, especially in lower quantiles of relative abundance on family or genus level. Associations found by quantile regression deviated from the mean response in relative abundances of Coriobacteriaceae, Pasteurellaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Ruminococcaceae. For the family Streptococcaceae we found a significant elevation in relative abundance for patients experiencing an exacerbation relative to those who remained without self-reported symptoms or measurable inflammation. Our analysis suggests that specific bacterial families are related to CD and exacerbation, but associations vary between patients due to heterogeneity in disease course, medication history, therapy response, gut microbiota composition and historical contingency. Our study underscores that microbial diversity is reduced in the gut of CD patients, but suggests that the process of diversity loss is rather irregular with respect to specific taxonomic groups. This novel insight may advance our ecological understanding of this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Pinto
- Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Elisa Benincà
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Gianluca Galazzo
- School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht UMC, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Daisy Jonkers
- School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht UMC, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - John Penders
- School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht UMC, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Johannes A. Bogaards
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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González L, Paredes Sosa JL, Mosquito S, Filio Y, Romero PE, Ochoa TJ, Tsukayama P. Oral lactoferrin administration does not impact the diversity or composition of the infant gut microbiota in a Peruvian cohort. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0009623. [PMID: 37882571 PMCID: PMC10715004 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00096-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Previous studies have suggested that oral lactoferrin enhances diversity in the gut microbiota in infants while inhibiting the growth of opportunistic pathogens. However, the effect of lactoferrin on infant gut microbiota over time has yet to be thoroughly studied. Our study suggests that lactoferrin oral treatment in infants aged 12-18 months does not affect gut microbiome diversity and composition over time. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the effect of lactoferrin on infant gut microbiome composition over time and helps elucidate its impact on infant health and its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis González
- Laboratorio de Genómica Microbiana, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Lima, Peru
| | - Jose Luis Paredes Sosa
- Laboratorio de Genómica Microbiana, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Susan Mosquito
- Laboratorio de Genómica Microbiana, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Yesenia Filio
- Laboratorio de Genómica Microbiana, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Pedro E. Romero
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Theresa J. Ochoa
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Lima, Peru
| | - Pablo Tsukayama
- Laboratorio de Genómica Microbiana, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Lima, Peru
- Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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Zhou S, He TC, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Comparison of the main pathogenic microorganisms of various common oral diseases in children and adults. PEDIATRIC DISCOVERY 2023; 1:e35. [PMID: 38371743 PMCID: PMC10874635 DOI: 10.1002/pdi3.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The microorganisms in the human body gradually change and maintain a dynamic balance with the development of physiology and pathology. Oral microbiota is one of the most important microbiota in human body. It is not only closely related to the occurrence and development of oral diseases, but also plays an important role in the overall health. In childhood, the population of oral microorganisms is relatively small, but with the growth of age and tooth development, the species and quantity of oral microorganisms are gradually increasing. Different oral diseases also have their corresponding main microorganisms, and these dominant microorganisms change at different stages of the disease. In this review, we summarized and compared the main pathogenic microorganisms of several common oral diseases in children and adults. In addition, the possible association and difference between adults and children of the main pathogenic microorganisms in different stages of the same or different diseases are also discussed in order to provide research data for the development and diagnosis of common oral diseases in children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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A Multiscale Spatiotemporal Model Including a Switch from Aerobic to Anaerobic Metabolism Reproduces Succession in the Early Infant Gut Microbiota. mSystems 2022; 7:e0044622. [PMID: 36047700 PMCID: PMC9600552 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00446-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiota starts to form immediately after birth and is important for the health of the host. During the first days, facultatively anaerobic bacterial species generally dominate, such as Enterobacteriaceae. These are succeeded by strictly anaerobic species, particularly Bifidobacterium species. An early transition to Bifidobacterium species is associated with health benefits; for example, Bifidobacterium species repress growth of pathogenic competitors and modulate the immune response. Succession to Bifidobacterium is thought to be due to consumption of intracolonic oxygen present in newborns by facultative anaerobes, including Enterobacteriaceae. To study if oxygen depletion suffices for the transition to Bifidobacterium species, here we introduced a multiscale mathematical model that considers metabolism, spatial bacterial population dynamics, and cross-feeding. Using publicly available metabolic network data from the AGORA collection, the model simulates ab initio the competition of strictly and facultatively anaerobic species in a gut-like environment under the influence of lactose and oxygen. The model predicts that individual differences in intracolonic oxygen in newborn infants can explain the observed individual variation in succession to anaerobic species, in particular Bifidobacterium species. Bifidobacterium species became dominant in the model by their use of the bifid shunt, which allows Bifidobacterium to switch to suboptimal yield metabolism with fast growth at high lactose concentrations, as predicted here using flux balance analysis. The computational model thus allows us to test the internal plausibility of hypotheses for bacterial colonization and succession in the infant colon. IMPORTANCE The composition of the infant microbiota has a great impact on infant health, but its controlling factors are still incompletely understood. The frequently dominant anaerobic Bifidobacterium species benefit health, e.g., they can keep harmful competitors under control and modulate the intestinal immune response. Controlling factors could include nutritional composition and intestinal mucus composition, as well as environmental factors, such as antibiotics. We introduce a modeling framework of a metabolically realistic intestinal microbial ecology in which hypothetical scenarios can be tested and compared. We present simulations that suggest that greater levels of intraintestinal oxygenation more strongly delay the dominance of Bifidobacterium species, explaining the observed variety of microbial composition and demonstrating the use of the model for hypothesis generation. The framework allowed us to test a variety of controlling factors, including intestinal mixing and transit time. Future versions will also include detailed modeling of oligosaccharide and mucin metabolism.
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Congenitally underdeveloped intestine drives autism-related gut microbiota and behavior. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 105:15-26. [PMID: 35714916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder accompanied by gut dysbiosis and gastrointestinal symptoms in most cases. However, the development of the autism-related gut microbiota and its relationship with intestinal dysfunction in ASD remain unclear. Using a valproic acid (VPA)-induced ASD mouse model, we showed a congenitally immature intestine of VPA-exposed mice accompanied by prominent oxidative stress and inflammation. Of note, the gut microbiota composition of VPA-exposed mice resembled that of control mice within 24 h after birth; however, their gut microbiota compositions differed on postnatal days 7 and 21. Oral administration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) to attenuate intestinal oxidative stress either before weaning or during juvenile restored the autism-associated gut microbiota, leading to the amelioration of autism-related behaviors. These findings collectively suggest the congenitally underdeveloped intestine as an early driving force shaping the autism-associated gut microbiota and host neurodevelopment through enhancing oxidative stress.
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Dai W, Liu X, Su H, Li X, Xu Y, Yu Y. Influence of adipose tissue immune dysfunction on childhood obesity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 65:27-38. [PMID: 35595599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, a dramatic rise has been observed in the prevalence of obesity in childhood and adolescence, along with an increase in fetal microsomia rates. The increased risk of obesity during this key period in development negatively affects the health of the individual later in life. Immune cells residing and recruited to white adipose tissue have been highlighted as important factors contributing to the pathogenesis of childhood obesity. Immune dysfunction in the context of obesity begins early in childhood, which is different from the pathological characteristics and influencing factors of adipose immunity in adults. Here, we explore the current understanding of the roles of childhood and early life events that result in high risks for obesity by influencing adipose tissue immune dysfunction under the pathological condition of obesity. Such knowledge will help in determining the mechanisms of childhood and early life obesity in efforts to ameliorate chronic inflammation-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Dai
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; Innovation Institute, China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiyan Liu
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Han Su
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; Innovation Institute, China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yingxi Xu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
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Gonçalves JIB, Borges TJ, de Souza APD. Microbiota and the Response to Vaccines Against Respiratory Virus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:889945. [PMID: 35603203 PMCID: PMC9122122 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.889945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This mini review describes the role of gut and lung microbiota during respiratory viral infection and discusses the implication of the microbiota composition on the immune responses generated by the vaccines designed to protect against these pathogens. This is a growing field and recent evidence supports that the composition and function of the microbiota can modulate the immune response of vaccination against respiratory viruses such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Recent studies have highlighted that molecules derived from the microbiome can have systemic effects, acting in distant organs. These molecules are recognized by the immune cells from the host and can trigger or modulate different responses, interfering with vaccination protection. Modulating the microbiota composition has been suggested as an approach to achieving more efficient protective immune responses. Studies in humans have reported associations between a better vaccine response and specific bacterial taxa. These associations vary among different vaccine strategies and are likely to be context-dependent. The use of prebiotics and probiotics in conjunction with vaccination demonstrated that bacterial components could act as adjuvants. Future microbiota-based interventions may potentially improve and optimize the responses of respiratory virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- João I. B. Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Health and Life Science School - Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thiago J. Borges
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ana Paula Duarte de Souza
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Health and Life Science School - Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Adjibade M, Davisse-Paturet C, Divaret-Chauveau A, Adel-Patient K, Raherison C, Dufourg MN, Lioret S, Charles MA, de Lauzon-Guillain B. OUP accepted manuscript. J Nutr 2022; 152:1138-1148. [PMID: 36967171 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of infant and follow-on formulas are enriched with probiotics and/or prebiotics; however, evidence for health effects of such enrichment in early childhood remains inconclusive. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to assess whether the consumption of formula enriched with probiotics or prebiotics was associated with the risk of infection and allergic diseases in early childhood. METHODS Analyses involved data for 8389 formula-fed children from the Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance (ELFE) cohort. Enrichment of the formula with probiotics or prebiotics that was consumed from the age of 2-10 mo was identified by the formula ingredient list. Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), gastrointestinal infection, wheezing, asthma, food allergy, and itchy rash were prospectively reported by parents up to the age of 5.5 y. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess associations between the consumption of enriched formula and risk of infection and allergic diseases. RESULTS Aged 2 mo, more than half of formula-fed infants consumed the probiotic-enriched formula and only 1 in 10 consumed the prebiotic-enriched formula. Consumption of the Bifidobacterium lactis-enriched formula at 2 mo was associated with a lower risk of LRTI [OR (95% CI) = 0.84 (0.73-0.96)]. Consumption of the Bifidobacterium breve-enriched formula up to 6 mo was associated with a higher risk of LRTI [OR (95% CI) = 1.75 (1.29-2.38)] and asthma [OR (95% CI) = 1.95 (1.28-2.97)], whereas its consumption from 6 to 10 mo was associated with a lower risk of LRTI [OR (95% CI) = 0.64 (0.48-0.86)] and asthma [OR (95% CI) = 0.59 (0.40-0.88)]. Moreover, the consumption of Streptococcus thermophilus from 6 to 10 mo was associated with a higher risk of asthma [OR (95% CI) = 1.84 (1.29-2.63)]. No significant association was found for gastrointestinal infection, food allergy, and itchy rash. Overall, the consumption of prebiotic-enriched formula was not significantly associated with infection and allergy risk. CONCLUSIONS Associations between the consumption of probiotic-enriched formula and risk of respiratory symptoms differ according to the strain considered and consumption period. Further well-designed studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moufidath Adjibade
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et StatistiqueS (CRESS), Inserm, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Paris, France
| | - Camille Davisse-Paturet
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et StatistiqueS (CRESS), Inserm, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Paris, France
| | - Amandine Divaret-Chauveau
- EA3450, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Unité d'allergologie pédiatrique, Hôpital d'Enfants, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire (CHRU) de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Karine Adel-Patient
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (CEA, INRAE, DMTS), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Chantal Raherison
- Bordeaux University, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team Epidémiologie des cancers et expositions environnementales (EPICENE), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Dufourg
- Unité mixte Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Etablissement Français du Sang (Inserm-Ined-EFS) Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance (ELFE), Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques (INED), Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Lioret
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et StatistiqueS (CRESS), Inserm, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Paris, France
| | - Marie-Aline Charles
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et StatistiqueS (CRESS), Inserm, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Paris, France; Unité mixte Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Etablissement Français du Sang (Inserm-Ined-EFS) Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance (ELFE), Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques (INED), Paris, France
| | - Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et StatistiqueS (CRESS), Inserm, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Paris, France.
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12
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Glascock AL, Jimenez NR, Boundy S, Koparde VN, Brooks JP, Edwards DJ, Strauss Iii JF, Jefferson KK, Serrano MG, Buck GA, Fettweis JM. Unique roles of vaginal Megasphaera phylotypes in reproductive health. Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34898422 PMCID: PMC8767330 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of the human vaginal microbiome has been extensively studied and is known to influence reproductive health. However, the functional roles of individual taxa and their contributions to negative health outcomes have yet to be well characterized. Here, we examine two vaginal bacterial taxa grouped within the genus Megasphaera that have been previously associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) and pregnancy complications. Phylogenetic analyses support the classification of these taxa as two distinct species. These two phylotypes, Megasphaera phylotype 1 (MP1) and Megasphaera phylotype 2 (MP2), differ in genomic structure and metabolic potential, suggestive of differential roles within the vaginal environment. Further, these vaginal taxa show evidence of genome reduction and changes in DNA base composition, which may be common features of host dependence and/or adaptation to the vaginal environment. In a cohort of 3870 women, we observed that MP1 has a stronger positive association with bacterial vaginosis whereas MP2 was positively associated with trichomoniasis. MP1, in contrast to MP2 and other common BV-associated organisms, was not significantly excluded in pregnancy. In a cohort of 52 pregnant women, MP1 was both present and transcriptionally active in 75.4 % of vaginal samples. Conversely, MP2 was largely absent in the pregnant cohort. This study provides insight into the evolutionary history, genomic potential and predicted functional role of two clinically relevant vaginal microbial taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole R Jimenez
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Engineering and Data Analysis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sam Boundy
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Vishal N Koparde
- Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - J Paul Brooks
- Center for Microbiome Engineering and Data Analysis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Supply Chain Management and Analytics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - David J Edwards
- Center for Microbiome Engineering and Data Analysis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Statistical Sciences and Operations Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jerome F Strauss Iii
- Center for Microbiome Engineering and Data Analysis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kimberly K Jefferson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Engineering and Data Analysis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Myrna G Serrano
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Engineering and Data Analysis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gregory A Buck
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Engineering and Data Analysis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Fettweis
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Engineering and Data Analysis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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13
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Bervoets L, Ippel JH, Smolinska A, van Best N, Savelkoul PHM, Mommers MAH, Penders J. Practical and Robust NMR-Based Metabolic Phenotyping of Gut Health in Early Life. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:5079-5087. [PMID: 34587745 PMCID: PMC8576838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While substantial efforts have been made to optimize and standardize fecal metabolomics for studies in adults, the development of a standard protocol to analyze infant feces is, however, still lagging behind. Here, we present the development of a hands-on and robust protocol for proton 1H NMR spectroscopy of infant feces. The influence of extraction solvent, dilution ratio, homogenization method, filtration, and duration of centrifugation on the biochemical composition of infant feces was carefully evaluated using visual inspection of 1H NMR spectra in combination with multivariate statistical modeling. The optimal metabolomics protocol was subsequently applied on feces from seven infants collected at 8 weeks, 4, and 9 months of age. Interindividual variation was exceeding the variation induced by different fecal sample preparation methods, except for filtration. We recommend extracting fecal samples using water with a dilution ratio of 1:5 feces-to-water to homogenize using bead beating and to remove particulates using centrifugation. Samples collected from infants aged 8 weeks and 4 months showed elevated concentrations of milk oligosaccharide derivatives and lactic acid, whereas short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) were higher in the 9 month samples. The established protocol enables hands-on and robust analyses of the infant gut metabolome. The wide-ranging application of this protocol will facilitate interlaboratory comparison of infants' metabolic profiles and finally aid in a better understanding of infant gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liene Bervoets
- Department of Medical Microbiology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H Ippel
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Smolinska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Niels van Best
- Department of Medical Microbiology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Paul H M Savelkoul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology & Infection Control, VUMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique A H Mommers
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - John Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
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14
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Microbiome profiles are associated with cognitive functioning in 45-month-old children. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 98:151-160. [PMID: 34371134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors have been shown to shape neurobiological functioning and alter the risk for mental disorders later in life. The gut microbiome is established early in life, and interacts with the brain via the brain-immune-gut axis. However, little is known about how the microbiome relates to early-life cognitive functioning in children. The present study, where the fecal microbiome of 380 children was characterized using 16S rDNA and metagenomic sequencing aimed to investigate the association between the microbiota and cognitive functioning of children at the age of 45 months measured with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III). Overall the microbiome profile showed a significant association with cognitive functioning. A strong correlation was found between cognitive functioning and the relative abundance of an unidentified genus of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Follow-up mediation analyses revealed significant mediation effects of the level of this genus on the association of maternal smoking during pregnancy and current cigarette smoking with cognitive function. Metagenomic sequencing of a subset of these samples indicated that the identified genus was most closely related to Enterobacter asburiae. Analysis of metabolic potential showed a nominally significant association of cognitive functioning with the microbial norspermidine biosynthesis pathway. Our results indicate that alteration of the gut microflora is associated with cognitive functioning in childhood. Furthermore, they suggest that the altered microflora might interact with other environmental factors such as maternal cigarette smoking. Interventions directed at altering the microbiome should be explored in terms of improving cognitive functioning in young children.
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15
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Zhang X, Liu L, Bai W, Han Y, Hou X. Evolution of Intestinal Microbiota of Asphyxiated Neonates Within 1 Week and Its Relationship With Neural Development at 6 Months. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:690339. [PMID: 34497782 PMCID: PMC8419515 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.690339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Asphyxia is an emergent condition in neonates that may influence the function of the nervous system. Research has shown that intestinal microbiota is very important for neurodevelopment. Studies regarding the association between gut microbiota and neurodevelopment outcome in asphyxiated newborns remain scarce. Objective: To study the microbial characteristics of asphyxiated neonates within 1 week of life and to investigate their relationship with neural development at 6 months. Methods: The feces produced on days 1, 3, and 5, and the clinical data of full-term neonates with asphyxia and without asphyxia, delivered from March 2019 to October 2020 at Peking University First Hospital, were collected. We used 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid amplicon sequencing to detect the intestinal microbiota of asphyxiated neonates and neonates in the control group. We followed up asphyxiated neonates for 6 months and used the Ages and Stages Questionnaires-3 (ASQ-3) to evaluate their development. Results: A total of 45 neonates were enrolled in the study group and 32 were enrolled in the control group. On day 1, the diversity and richness of the microflora of the study group were more than those of the control group. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed significant differences in the microbiota of the two groups on days 1, 3, and 5. At the phylum level, the main microflora of the two groups were not different. At the genus level, the study group had increased relative abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Lachnoclostridium, Fusicatenibacter, etc. on day 1. On day 3, the relative abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Fusicatenibacter, etc. was still greater than that of the control group, and the relative abundance of Staphylococcus was less than that of the control group. On day 5, the relative abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Lachnoclostridium was still higher than that of the control group, and the relative abundance of Dubosiella in the study group was significantly increased. At the species level, on day 3, the relative abundance of Staphylococcus caprae in the study group was less than that in the control group. Linear discriminant analysis effect size showed that the microbiota of the study group mainly consisted of Lachnospiraceae and Clostridia on day 1 and Clostridia on day 3. In the control group, Staphylococcus was the dominant bacterium on day 3. Neonates in the study group were followed up for 6 months, and the communication score of ASQ-3 was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Clostridia on day 1. Conclusion: The diversity and richness of the microbiota of asphyxiated neonates on the first day of life were significantly increased and mainly consisted of pathogenic flora. Lachnospiraceae and Clostridia found in neonates with asphyxia on day 1 of life may be related to neural development at 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ying Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlin Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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16
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Henneke P, Kierdorf K, Hall LJ, Sperandio M, Hornef M. Perinatal development of innate immune topology. eLife 2021; 10:67793. [PMID: 34032570 PMCID: PMC8149122 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
At the transition from intrauterine to postnatal life, drastic alterations are mirrored by changes in cellular immunity. These changes are in part immune cell intrinsic, originate in the replacement of fetal cells, or result from global regulatory mechanisms and adaptation to changes in the tissue microenvironment. Overall, longer developmental trajectories are intersected by events related to mother-infant separation, birth cues, acquisition of microbiota and metabolic factors. Perinatal alterations particularly affect immune niches, where structures with discrete functions meet, the intestinal mucosa, epidermis and lung. Accordingly, the following questions will be addressed in this review. How does the preprogrammed development supported by endogenous cues, steer innate immune cell differentiation, adaptation to tissue structures, and immunity to infection? How does the transition at birth impact on tissue immune make-up including its topology? How do postnatal cues guide innate immune cell differentiation and function at immunological niches?
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Henneke
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Kierdorf
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lindsay J Hall
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Intestinal Microbiome, School of Life Sciences, and ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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17
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Cohen Kadosh K, Muhardi L, Parikh P, Basso M, Jan Mohamed HJ, Prawitasari T, Samuel F, Ma G, Geurts JMW. Nutritional Support of Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function in Infants and Young Children-An Update and Novel Insights. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010199. [PMID: 33435231 PMCID: PMC7828103 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper nutrition is crucial for normal brain and neurocognitive development. Failure to optimize neurodevelopment early in life can have profound long-term implications for both mental health and quality of life. Although the first 1000 days of life represent the most critical period of neurodevelopment, the central and peripheral nervous systems continue to develop and change throughout life. All this time, development and functioning depend on many factors, including adequate nutrition. In this review, we outline the role of nutrients in cognitive, emotional, and neural development in infants and young children with special attention to the emerging roles of polar lipids and high quality (available) protein. Furthermore, we discuss the dynamic nature of the gut-brain axis and the importance of microbial diversity in relation to a variety of outcomes, including brain maturation/function and behavior are discussed. Finally, the promising therapeutic potential of psychobiotics to modify gut microbial ecology in order to improve mental well-being is presented. Here, we show that the individual contribution of nutrients, their interaction with other micro- and macronutrients and the way in which they are organized in the food matrix are of crucial importance for normal neurocognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Cohen Kadosh
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (K.C.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Leilani Muhardi
- FrieslandCampina AMEA, Singapore 039190, Singapore; (L.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Panam Parikh
- FrieslandCampina AMEA, Singapore 039190, Singapore; (L.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Melissa Basso
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (K.C.K.); (M.B.)
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Hamid Jan Jan Mohamed
- Nutrition and Dietetics Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Titis Prawitasari
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Working Group, Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta 10310, Indonesia;
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusomo National Referral Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Folake Samuel
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria;
| | - Guansheng Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China;
- Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jan M. W. Geurts
- FrieslandCampina, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-6-53310499
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18
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van Best N, Trepels-Kottek S, Savelkoul P, Orlikowsky T, Hornef MW, Penders J. Influence of probiotic supplementation on the developing microbiota in human preterm neonates. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1-16. [PMID: 33095113 PMCID: PMC7588225 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1826747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral administration of probiotic bacteria to preterm neonates has been recommended to prevent the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The influence of probiotics on the endogenous microbiome, however, has remained incompletely understood. STUDY DESIGN & METHODS Here, we performed an observational study including 80 preterm neonates born at a gestational age <32-weeks to characterize the persistence of probiotic bacteria after no treatment or oral administration of two different probiotic formula and their influence on the microbial ecosystem during and after the intervention and their association with the development of NEC. Weekly fecal samples were profiled by 16S rRNA sequencing and monitored for the presence of the probiotic bacteria by quantitative PCR. RESULTS Microbiota profiles differed significantly between the control group and both probiotic groups. Probiotic supplementation was associated with lower temporal variation as well as higher relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Enterobacter combined with reduced abundance of Escherichia, Enterococcus, and Klebsiella. Colonization by probiotic bifidobacteria was observed in approximately 50% of infants although it remained transient in the majority of cases. A significantly reduced monthly incidence of NEC was observed in neonates supplemented with probiotics. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate successful transient colonization by probiotic bacteria and a significant influence on the endogenous microbiota with a reduced abundance of bacterial taxa associated with the development of NEC. These results emphasize that probiotic supplementation may allow targeted manipulation of the enteric microbiota and confer a clinical benefit. (Clinical Trial Registry accession number: DRKS/GCTR 00021034).
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels van Best
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Paul Savelkoul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mathias W. Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - John Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands,School of Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands,CONTACT John Penders Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, HX6229, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Mathias Hornef Institute for Medical Microbiology; RWTH University Hospital; Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany; Thorsten Orlikoswsky, Section of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
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19
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Barden M, Richards-Rios P, Ganda E, Lenzi L, Eccles R, Neary J, Oultram J, Oikonomou G. Maternal influences on oral and faecal microbiota maturation in neonatal calves in beef and dairy production systems. Anim Microbiome 2020; 2:31. [PMID: 33499967 PMCID: PMC7807724 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-020-00049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The dam is considered an important source of microbes for the calf; consequently, the development of calf microbiota may vary with farming system due to differences between the contact the calf has with the dam. The objective of this study was to characterise the early changes in the composition of oral and faecal microbiota in beef and dairy calves (N = 10) using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The microbiota of calves was compared to selected anatomical niches on their dams which were likely to contribute to the vertical transfer of microbes. Results A total of 14,125 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were identified and taxonomically assigned. The oral microbiota of calves and their dams were composed of more similar microbes after the first 4 weeks of life than immediately after calving. The faecal microbiota of four-week old calves was composed of microbes which were more similar to those found in the oral microbiota of calves and adult cows than the faecal microbiota of adult cows. Specific ASVs were identified in the oral microbiota of four-week old calves that were also present in cow niches at calving, whereas very few ASVs were present in the calf faecal microbiota at four-weeks of age were present in any adult cow niche at calving. These results were observed in both beef and dairy calves. Conclusions We did not observe any marked differences in the maturation of the oral and faecal microbiota between beef or dairy calves, despite dairy calves having very limited contact with their dam. This suggests the development of gastrointestinal microbiota in calves may not be affected by continued vertical transmission of microbes from the dam. Although the calf faecal microbiota changed over the first four-weeks of life, it was composed of microbes which were phylogenetically closer to those in the oral microbiota of calves and adult cows than the faeces of adult cows. There was little evidence of persistent microbial seeding of the calf faeces from anatomical niches on the cow at calving in either beef or dairy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Barden
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Peter Richards-Rios
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Erika Ganda
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Luca Lenzi
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Richard Eccles
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joseph Neary
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joanne Oultram
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Georgios Oikonomou
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Marsaux B, Van den Abbeele P, Ghyselinck J, Prioult G, Marzorati M, Bogićević B. Synbiotic Effect of Bifidobacterium lactis CNCM I-3446 and Bovine Milk-Derived Oligosaccharides on Infant Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2268. [PMID: 32751149 PMCID: PMC7468906 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the impact of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis CNCM I-3446, Bovine Milk-derived OligoSaccharides (BMOS) and their combination on infant gut microbiota in vitro. In addition, a novel strategy consisting of preculturing B. lactis with BMOS to further enhance their potential synbiotic effects was assessed. METHOD Short-term fecal batch fermentations (48 h) were used to assess the microbial composition and activity modulated by BMOS alone, B. lactis grown on BMOS or dextrose alone, or their combinations on different three-month-old infant microbiota. RESULTS BMOS alone significantly induced acetate and lactate production (leading to pH decrease) and stimulated bifidobacterial growth in 10 donors. A further in-depth study on two different donors proved B. lactis ability to colonize the infant microbiota, regardless of the competitiveness of the environment. BMOS further enhanced this engraftment, suggesting a strong synbiotic effect. This was also observed at the microbiota activity level, especially in a donor containing low initial levels of bifidobacteria. In this donor, preculturing B. lactis with BMOS strengthened further the early modulation of microbiota activity observed after 6 h. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the strong synbiotic effect of BMOS and B. lactis on the infant gut microbiota, and suggests a strategy to improve its effectiveness in an otherwise low-Bifidobacterium microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Marsaux
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.M.); (M.M.)
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (P.V.d.A.); (J.G.)
| | | | - Jonas Ghyselinck
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (P.V.d.A.); (J.G.)
| | - Guénolée Prioult
- Nestlé Research and Development Konolfingen, Nestléstrasse 3, 3510 Konolfingen, Switzerland;
| | - Massimo Marzorati
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.M.); (M.M.)
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (P.V.d.A.); (J.G.)
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21
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van Best N, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Schaap FG, Basic M, Olde Damink SWM, Bleich A, Savelkoul PHM, von Bergen M, Penders J, Hornef MW. Bile acids drive the newborn's gut microbiota maturation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3692. [PMID: 32703946 PMCID: PMC7378201 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Following birth, the neonatal intestine is exposed to maternal and environmental bacteria that successively form a dense and highly dynamic intestinal microbiota. Whereas the effect of exogenous factors has been extensively investigated, endogenous, host-mediated mechanisms have remained largely unexplored. Concomitantly with microbial colonization, the liver undergoes functional transition from a hematopoietic organ to a central organ of metabolic regulation and immune surveillance. The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of the developing hepatic function and liver metabolism on the early intestinal microbiota. Here, we report on the characterization of the colonization dynamics and liver metabolism in the murine gastrointestinal tract (n = 6-10 per age group) using metabolomic and microbial profiling in combination with multivariate analysis. We observed major age-dependent microbial and metabolic changes and identified bile acids as potent drivers of the early intestinal microbiota maturation. Consistently, oral administration of tauro-cholic acid or β-tauro-murocholic acid to newborn mice (n = 7-14 per group) accelerated postnatal microbiota maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N van Best
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, RWTH University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - U Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - F G Schaap
- Department of General Surgery, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Basic
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - S W M Olde Damink
- Department of General Surgery, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - P H M Savelkoul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - M W Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, RWTH University, Aachen, Germany.
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22
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Litvinova EA, Kontsevaya GV, Kozhevnikova EN, Achasova KM, Gerlinskaya LA, Feofanova NA, Moshkin MP. Modification of Fecal Bacteria Counts and Blood Immune Cells in the Offspring of BALB/c and C57BL/6 Mice Obtained through Interstrain Mouse Embryo Transfer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2020; 59. [PMID: 32517848 PMCID: PMC7338868 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The reproducibility of results obtained with rodent models depends on the genetic purity of the strain and the stability of the environment. However, another potential factor is changes in the gut microbiota due to the transmission of mother's bacteria during embryo transfer. In this study, we demonstrate the transmission of the microbiota and immune cell blood phenotype to the offspring of 2 strains, C57BL/6JNskrc and BALB/cJNskrc, from surrogate dams of different genotypes. Interstrain embryo transfer resulted in a change in the number of Enterococcus spp. organisms, as shown by quantitative PCR analysis. The number of blood leukocytes was also affected, as estimated by flow cytometry. The number of blood leukocytes, including B cells and helper T cells, and the number of Enterococcus spp. organisms in male C57BL/6JNskrc offspring bornto BALB/cJNskrc surrogate dams became similar to those of male BALB/cJNskrc mice born to BALB/cJNskrc dams. Likewise, the same parameters of male BALB/cJNskrc mice born to C57BL/6JNskrc dams became similar to those of male C57BL/6JNskrc offspring. Researchers should be aware of the possible transmission of the dam's microbiota and immune cell phenotypes to the experimental strains when planning embryo transfer experiments, because these factors could affect the experimental outcomes or the reproducibility of experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Litvinova
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoobsk, Russia
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Galina V Kontsevaya
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena N Kozhevnikova
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoobsk, Russia
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kseniya M Achasova
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoobsk, Russia
| | - Ludmila A Gerlinskaya
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalya A Feofanova
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail P Moshkin
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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23
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Matenchuk BA, Mandhane PJ, Kozyrskyj AL. Sleep, circadian rhythm, and gut microbiota. Sleep Med Rev 2020; 53:101340. [PMID: 32668369 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
From asthma and heart disease to diabetes and obesity, the human microbiome plays a role in the pathogenesis of each chronic health condition plaguing today's society. Recent work has shown that the gut microbiota and its metabolites exhibit diurnal rhythmicity which predominantly respond to the feeding/fasting cycle. Persistent jet lag, an obesogenic diet, and clock gene deficiency can dampen the oscillatory nature of gut bacterial composition, which can subsequently be rescued by time restricted feeding. Contrastingly, gut microbial metabolites influence central and hepatic clock gene expression and sleep duration in the host and regulate body composition through circadian transcription factors. Both sleep fragmentation and short sleep duration are associated with gut dysbiosis which may be due to activation of the HPA-axis. Metabolic disturbances associated with sleep loss may in fact be mediated through the overgrowth of specific gut bacteria. Reciprocally, the end products of bacterial species which grow in response to sleep loss are able to induce fatigue. Furthermore, probiotic supplementation has been found to improve subjective sleep quality. Sleep quality and duration may be an important target for supporting healthy gut microbiota composition, but the cyclic nature of this relationship should not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piush J Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anita L Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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24
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Zhu LF, Chen X, Ahmad Z, Peng Y, Chang MW. A core–shell multi-drug platform to improve gastrointestinal tract microbial health using 3D printing. Biofabrication 2020; 12:025026. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab782c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Dunton M, Inglett S, Marin T. Influences of Maternal Prepregnancy Obesity and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on the Infant Gut Microbiome in Full-Term Infants. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2020; 34:251-256. [PMID: 32697545 DOI: 10.1097/jpn.0000000000000504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the current evidence of how prepregnancy obesity (PPO) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) influence the newborn gut microbiome. Scientific gaps in the literature are described to guide future research in this area. The prevalence of PPO and GDM increased to 64% in the United States over the past decade. Prepregnancy obesity and GDM influence newborn gut microbiome and contribute to adverse short- and long-term outcomes in full-term infants. This review aims to discuss current research findings related to the associations between PPO and GDM, separately, and together, on infant gut microbiome outcomes, provide an overview of short-term and long-term outcomes, describe clinical relevance, and identify avenues for future scientific inquiry. This review found that PPO and GDM influence infant gut microbiomes. Infants born to women with PPO and GDM were found to have lower levels of diversity in gut microbiota than infants born to normal prepregnancy weight women and those born to women without GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montana Dunton
- Departments of Biobehavioral Nursing (Ms Dunton and Dr Inglett) and Physiological and Technological Nursing (Dr Marin), Augusta University College of Nursing, Augusta, Georgia
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26
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Hornef MW, Torow N. 'Layered immunity' and the 'neonatal window of opportunity' - timed succession of non-redundant phases to establish mucosal host-microbial homeostasis after birth. Immunology 2019; 159:15-25. [PMID: 31777069 PMCID: PMC6904599 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intricate host–microbial interaction and the overwhelming complexity of the mucosal immune system in the adult host raise the question of how this system is initially established. Here, we propose the implementation of the concept of the ‘postnatal window of opportunity’ into the model of a ‘layered immunity’ to explain how the newborn's mucosal immune system matures and how host–microbial immune homeostasis is established after birth. We outline the concept of a timed succession of non‐redundant phases during postnatal immune development and discuss the possible influence of external factors and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias W Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Natalia Torow
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Murine Genetic Background Has a Stronger Impact on the Composition of the Gut Microbiota than Maternal Inoculation or Exposure to Unlike Exogenous Microbiota. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.00826-19. [PMID: 31350316 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00826-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem, affected by both environmental factors and host genetics. Here, we aim at uncovering the bacterial taxa whose gut persistence is controlled by host genetic variation. We used a murine model based on inbred lines BALB/c and C57BL/6J and their F1 reciprocal hybrids (♀C57BL/6J × ♂BALB/c; ♀BALB/c × ♂C57BL/6J). To guarantee genetic similarity of F1 offspring, including the sex chromosomes, we used only female mice. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we found that the genetically different inbred lines present different microbiota, whereas their genetically identical F1 reciprocal hybrids presented similar microbiota. Moreover, the F1 microbial composition differed from that of both parental lines. Twelve taxa were shown to have genetically controlled gut persistence, while none were found to show maternal effects. Nine of these taxa were dominantly inherited by the C57BL/6J line. Cohousing of the parental inbred lines resulted in a temporary and minor shift in microbiota composition, which returned back to the former microbial composition following separation, indicating that each line tends to maintain a unique bacterial signature reflecting the line. Taken together, our findings indicate that mouse genetics has an effect on the microbial composition in the gut, which is greater than maternal effect and continuous exposure to different microbiota of the alternative line. Uncovering the bacterial taxa associated with host genetics and understanding their role in the gut ecosystem could lead to the development of genetically oriented probiotic products, as part of the personalized medicine approach.IMPORTANCE The gut microbiota play important roles for their host. The link between host genetics and their microbial composition has received increasing interest. Using a unique reciprocal cross model, generating genetically similar F1 hybrids with different maternal inoculation, we demonstrate the inheritance of gut persistence of 12 bacterial taxa. No taxa identified as maternally transmitted. Moreover, cohabitation of two genetically different inbred lines did not dramatically affect the microbiota composition. Taken together, our results demonstrate the importance of the genetic effect over maternal inoculation or effect of exposure to unlike exogenous microbiota. These findings may lead to the development of personalized probiotic products, specifically designed according to the genetic makeup.
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Host-Associated Bacterial Succession during the Early Embryonic Stages and First Feeding in Farmed Gilthead Sea Bream ( Sparus aurata). Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10070483. [PMID: 31247994 PMCID: PMC6678923 DOI: 10.3390/genes10070483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most widely reared fish in the Mediterranean Sea is Sparus aurata. The succession of S. aurata whole-body microbiota in fertilized eggs, five, 15, 21 and 71 days post hatch (dph) larvae and the contribution of the rearing water and the provided feed (rotifers, Artemia sp. and commercial diet) to the host’s microbiota was investigated by 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene diversity. In total, 1917 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found in all samples. On average, between 93 ± 2.1 and 366 ± 9.2 bacterial OTUs per sample were found, with most of them belonging to Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Ten OTUs were shared between all S. aurata stages and were also detected in the rearing water or diet. The highest OTU richness occurred at the egg stage and the lowest at the yolk sac stage (5 dph). The rearing water and diet microbial communities contributed in S. aurata microbiota without overlaps in their microbial composition and structure. The commercial diet showed higher contribution to the S. aurata microbiota than the rearing water. After stage D71 the observed microbiota showed similarities with that of adult S. aurata as indicated by the increased number of OTUs associated with γ-Proteobacteria and Firmicutes.
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29
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Relation Between Infant Microbiota and Autism?: Results from a National Cohort Sibling Design Study. Epidemiology 2019; 30:52-60. [PMID: 30273187 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypotheses concerning adverse effects of changes in microbiota have received much recent attention, but unobserved confounding makes them difficult to test. We investigated whether surrogate markers for potential adverse microbiota change in infancy affected autism risk, addressing unobserved confounding using a sibling study design. METHODS This is a population-based, prospective cohort study including all singleton live births in Denmark from 1997 to 2010. The exposure variables were cesarean delivery and antibiotic use in the first 2 years of life. The outcome was a subsequent autism diagnosis. We used the between- and within-sibling model and compared it with sibling-stratified Cox models and simpler standard Cox models that ignored sibship. RESULTS Of our study population including 671,606 children, who were followed for up to 15 years (7,341,133 person-years), 72% received antibiotics, 17.5% were delivered by cesarean, and 1.2% (8,267) developed autism. The standard Cox models predicted that both cesarean (compared with vaginal) delivery and antibiotics increased the risk of autism. In the sibling-stratified Cox model, only broader spectrum antibiotics were associated with increased risk of autism: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.16 (95% confidence interval = 1.01, 1.36). The between-within model estimated no exposure effects: intrapartum cesarean HR = 1.06 (0.89, 1.26); prelabor cesarean HR = 0.97 (0.83, 1.15); exclusively penicillin HR = 1.05 (0.93, 1.18); and broader spectrum antibiotics HR = 1.05 (0.95, 1.16). CONCLUSIONS The between-within model rendered more precise estimates than sibling-stratified Cox models, and we believe that it also provided more valid estimates. Results from these preferred models do not support a causal relation between antibiotic treatment during infancy, cesarean delivery, and autism. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B432.
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Axelsson PB, Clausen TD, Petersen AH, Hageman I, Pinborg A, Kessing LV, Bergholt T, Rasmussen SC, Keiding N, Løkkegaard ECL. Investigating the effects of cesarean delivery and antibiotic use in early childhood on risk of later attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 60:151-159. [PMID: 30136734 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) incidence has been proposed to be caused by factors influencing microbiota in early life. We investigated the potential causality between ADHD and two surrogate markers for changes in children's microbiota: birth delivery mode and early childhood antibiotic use. METHOD This population-based, prospective cohort study linked nationwide registers of data for native Danish singleton live births in Denmark from 1997 to 2010. Exposure variables were delivery mode and antibiotic use during the first 2 years of life. The main outcome measure was ADHD diagnosis or redeemed ADHD medication prescriptions. For statistical analysis, we used both advanced sibling models and a more traditional approach. RESULTS We included 671,592 children, followed from their second birthday in the period 1999-2014 for 7,300,522 person-years. ADHD was diagnosed in 17,971. In total, 17.5% were born by cesarean delivery, and 72% received antibiotic treatment within their first 2 years of life. In the adjusted between-within sibling survival model, mode of delivery or antibiotics had no effect on ADHD when compared with vaginal delivery or no antibiotic treatment as hazard ratios were 1.09 (95% confidence interval 0.97-1.24) for intrapartum cesarean, 1.03 (0.91-1.16) for prelabor cesarean, 0.98 (0.90-1.07) for penicillin, and 0.99 (0.92-1.06) for broader spectrum antibiotics. In a sibling-stratified Cox regression, intrapartum cesarean was associated with increased ADHD risk, but other exposures were not. In a descriptive, nonstratified Cox model, we found increased risk for ADHD for all exposures. CONCLUSIONS Detailed family confounder control using the superior between-within model indicates that cesarean delivery or use of antibiotics during the first 2 years of life does not increase ADHD risk. Therefore, our study suggests that changes in children's microbiota related to cesarean delivery or antibiotic use, do not cause ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bryde Axelsson
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nordsjaellands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine Dalsgaard Clausen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nordsjaellands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Helby Petersen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Hageman
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Pinborg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bergholt
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Christian Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Niels Keiding
- Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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31
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McClements DJ. Feeding the World Inside Us: Our Gut Microbiomes, Diet, and Health. FUTURE FOODS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12995-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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van den Elsen LWJ, Garssen J, Burcelin R, Verhasselt V. Shaping the Gut Microbiota by Breastfeeding: The Gateway to Allergy Prevention? Front Pediatr 2019; 7:47. [PMID: 30873394 PMCID: PMC6400986 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that demonstrates the importance of the gut microbiota in health and diseases such as allergy. Recent studies emphasize the importance of the "window of opportunity" in early life, during which interventions altering the gut microbiota induce long-term effects. The neonate's gut microbiota composition and metabolism could therefore play an essential role in allergic disease risk. Breastfeeding shapes the gut microbiota in early life, both directly by exposure of the neonate to the milk microbiota and indirectly, via maternal milk factors that affect bacterial growth and metabolism such as human milk oligosaccharides, secretory IgA, and anti-microbial factors. The potential of breastmilk to modulate the offspring's early gut microbiota is a promising tool for allergy prevention. Here, we will review the existing evidence demonstrating the impact of breastfeeding on shaping the neonate's gut microbiota and highlight the potential of this strategy for allergy prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Remy Burcelin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
| | - Valerie Verhasselt
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Hickey M, Georgieff M, Ramel S. Neurodevelopmental outcomes following necrotizing enterocolitis. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 23:426-432. [PMID: 30145060 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a gastrointestinal emergency predominantly affecting premature infants, is associated with increased risk for poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. NEC often strikes during a period of rapid and dynamic neurologic development when the brain is particularly vulnerable to insults and nutrient deficits. The pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental impairment following NEC is likely multifactorial, with both nutritional and non-nutritional factors at play. Follow-up testing that ensures early detection and intervention for impairments is crucial to optimize neurodevelopmental outcomes following NEC. A multifaceted approach to follow-up after NEC is necessary, with close monitoring of growth, serial developmental assessments, neurologic examinations, hearing and vision testing and neuroimaging. Further research is needed to understand the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental impairment following NEC, to identify more targeted follow-up tests, and to discover interventions aimed at optimizing neurodevelopmental outcomes following NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hickey
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Georgieff
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Neurobehavioral Development, Division of Neonatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sara Ramel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Temporal Variability of Escherichia coli Diversity in the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Tanzanian Children with and without Exposure to Antibiotics. mSphere 2018; 3:3/6/e00558-18. [PMID: 30404930 PMCID: PMC6222053 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00558-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study increases the number of resident Escherichia coli genome sequences, and explores E. coli diversity through longitudinal sampling. We investigate the genomes of E. coli isolated from human gastrointestinal tracts as part of an antibiotic treatment program among rural Tanzanian children. Phylogenomics demonstrates that resident E. coli are diverse, even within a single host. Though the E. coli isolates of the gastrointestinal community tend to be phylogenomically similar at a given time, they differed across the interrogated time points, demonstrating the variability of the members of the E. coli community in these subjects. Exposure to antibiotic treatment did not have an apparent impact on the E. coli community or the presence of resistance and virulence genes within E. coli genomes. The findings of this study highlight the variable nature of specific bacterial members of the human gastrointestinal tract. The stability of the Escherichia coli populations in the human gastrointestinal tract is not fully appreciated, and represents a significant knowledge gap regarding gastrointestinal community structure, as well as resistance to incoming pathogenic bacterial species and antibiotic treatment. The current study examines the genomic content of 240 Escherichia coli isolates from 30 children, aged 2 to 35 months old, in Tanzania. The E. coli strains were isolated from three time points spanning a six-month time period, with and without antibiotic treatment. The resulting isolates were sequenced, and the genomes compared. The findings in this study highlight the transient nature of E. coli strains in the gastrointestinal tract of these children, as during a six-month interval, no one individual contained phylogenomically related isolates at all three time points. While the majority of the isolates at any one time point were phylogenomically similar, most individuals did not contain phylogenomically similar isolates at more than two time points. Examination of global genome content, canonical E. coli virulence factors, multilocus sequence type, serotype, and antimicrobial resistance genes identified diversity even among phylogenomically similar strains. There was no apparent increase in the antimicrobial resistance gene content after antibiotic treatment. The examination of the E. coli from longitudinal samples from multiple children in Tanzania provides insight into the genomic diversity and population variability of resident E. coli within the rapidly changing environment of the gastrointestinal tract of these children. IMPORTANCE This study increases the number of resident Escherichia coli genome sequences, and explores E. coli diversity through longitudinal sampling. We investigate the genomes of E. coli isolated from human gastrointestinal tracts as part of an antibiotic treatment program among rural Tanzanian children. Phylogenomics demonstrates that resident E. coli are diverse, even within a single host. Though the E. coli isolates of the gastrointestinal community tend to be phylogenomically similar at a given time, they differed across the interrogated time points, demonstrating the variability of the members of the E. coli community in these subjects. Exposure to antibiotic treatment did not have an apparent impact on the E. coli community or the presence of resistance and virulence genes within E. coli genomes. The findings of this study highlight the variable nature of specific bacterial members of the human gastrointestinal tract.
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Dzidic M, Collado MC, Abrahamsson T, Artacho A, Stensson M, Jenmalm MC, Mira A. Oral microbiome development during childhood: an ecological succession influenced by postnatal factors and associated with tooth decay. THE ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:2292-2306. [PMID: 29899505 PMCID: PMC6092374 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Information on how the oral microbiome develops during early childhood and how external factors influence this ecological process is scarce. We used high-throughput sequencing to characterize bacterial composition in saliva samples collected at 3, 6, 12, 24 months and 7 years of age in 90 longitudinally followed children, for whom clinical, dietary and health data were collected. Bacterial composition patterns changed through time, starting with "early colonizers", including Streptococcus and Veillonella; other bacterial genera such as Neisseria settled after 1 or 2 years of age. Dental caries development was associated with diverging microbial composition through time. Streptococcus cristatus appeared to be associated with increased risk of developing tooth decay and its role as potential biomarker of the disease should be studied with species-specific probes. Infants born by C-section had initially skewed bacterial content compared with vaginally delivered infants, but this was recovered with age. Shorter breastfeeding habits and antibiotic treatment during the first 2 years of age were associated with a distinct bacterial composition at later age. The findings presented describe oral microbiota development as an ecological succession where altered colonization pattern during the first year of life may have long-term consequences for child´s oral and systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majda Dzidic
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, CSISP-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology, Unit of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria C Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology, Unit of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Valencia, Spain
| | - Thomas Abrahamsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, CSISP-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Malin Stensson
- Centre for Oral Health, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Maria C Jenmalm
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, CSISP-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain.
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Zhou X, Du L, Shi R, Chen Z, Zhou Y, Li Z. Early-life food nutrition, microbiota maturation and immune development shape life-long health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:S30-S38. [PMID: 29874476 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1485628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The current knowledge about early-life nutrition and environmental factors that affect the interaction between the symbiotic microbiota and the host immune system has demonstrated novel regulatory target for treating allergic diseases, autoimmune disorders and metabolic syndrome. Various kinds of food nutrients (such as dietary fiber, starch, polyphenols and proteins) can provide energy resources for both intestinal microbiota and the host. The indigestible food components are fermented by the indigenous gut microbiota to produce diverse metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, bile acids and trimethylamine-N-oxide, which can regulate the host metabolized physiology, immunity homeostasis and health state. Therefore it is commonly believed early-life perturbation of the microbial community structure and the dietary nutrition interference on the child mucosal immunity contribute to the whole life susceptibility to chronic diseases. In all, the combined interrelationship between food ingredients nutrition, intestinal microbiota configurations and host system immunity provides new therapeutic targets to treat various kinds of pathogenic inflammations and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhou
- a Shanghai Institute of Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Lina Du
- a Shanghai Institute of Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Ronghua Shi
- a Shanghai Institute of Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhidong Chen
- a Shanghai Institute of Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Yiming Zhou
- a Shanghai Institute of Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Zongjie Li
- a Shanghai Institute of Technology , Shanghai , China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Caesarean section as a potential risk factor for infection has recently gained interest. Delivery by caesarean section has increased greatly, with nonmedical reasons playing an increasing role. We aimed to analyze the association between mode of delivery and hospitalizations because of infection and symptoms of infection at home in early childhood. METHODS A cohort study, based on the Odense Child Cohort, following infants from gestation until a mean age of 3.5 years. Data on hospitalization because of infections were collected from the Danish National Patient Registry. Data on symptoms of infection at home were collected via a text message-based questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 1921 children were born by vaginal delivery, 283 by elective caesarean section and 227 by acute caesarean section. An adjusted regression model showed an incidence rate ratio for hospitalizations because of infection in children born by elective caesarean section compared with children born by vaginal delivery of 1.45 (95% confidence interval: 1.16-1.80; P = 0.001). The analyses on symptoms of infection at home found no associations between any symptom of infection and mode of delivery. Symptom-specific subanalyses showed contrasting results. CONCLUSIONS Mode of delivery showed a strong association to hospitalization because of infectious disease during early childhood. Overall, no association was present between rate of symptoms of infection at home and mode of delivery.
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Zhang Z, Li D, Refaey MM, Xu W, Tang R, Li L. Host Age Affects the Development of Southern Catfish Gut Bacterial Community Divergent From That in the Food and Rearing Water. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:495. [PMID: 29616008 PMCID: PMC5869207 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Host development influences gut microbial assemblies that may be confounded partly by dietary shifts and the changing environmental microbiota during ontogenesis. However, little is known about microbial colonization by excluding dietary effects and compositional differences in microbiota between the gut and environment at different ontogenetic stages. Herein, a developmental gut microbial experiment under controlled laboratory conditions was conducted with carnivorous southern catfish Silurus meridionalis fed on an identical prey with commensal and abundant microbiota. In this study, we provided a long-term analysis of gut microbiota associated with host age at 8, 18, 35, 65, and 125 day post-fertilization (dpf) and explored microbial relationships among host, food and water environment at 8, 35, and 125 dpf. The results showed that gut microbial diversity in southern catfish tended to increase linearly as host aged. Gut microbiota underwent significant temporal shifts despite similar microbial communities in food and rearing water during the host development and dramatically differed from the environmental microbiota. At the compositional abundance, Tenericutes and Fusobacteria were enriched in the gut and markedly varied with host age, whereas Spirochaetes and Bacteroidetes detected were persistently the most abundant phyla in food and water, respectively. In addition to alterations in individual microbial taxa, the individual differences in gut microbiota were at a lower level at the early stages than at the late stages and in which gut microbiota reached a stable status, suggesting the course of microbial successions. These results indicate that host development fundamentally shapes a key transition in microbial community structure, which is independent of dietary effects. In addition, the dominant taxa residing in the gut do not share their niche habitats with the abundant microbiota in the surrounding environment. It's inferred that complex gut microbiota could not be simple reflections of environmental microbiota. The knowledge enhances the understanding of gut microbial establishment in the developing fish and provides a useful resource for such studies of fish- or egg-associated microbiota in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Zhang
- Department of Fishery Resources and Environment, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Fishery Resources and Environment, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Mohamed M Refaey
- Department of Fishery Resources and Environment, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, China.,Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Al-Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Weitong Xu
- Department of Fishery Resources and Environment, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Department of Fishery Resources and Environment, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Fishery Resources and Environment, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, China
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Pekmez CT, Dragsted LO, Brahe LK. Gut microbiota alterations and dietary modulation in childhood malnutrition - The role of short chain fatty acids. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:615-630. [PMID: 29496274 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome affects the health status of the host through different mechanisms and is associated with a wide variety of diseases. Both childhood undernutrition and obesity are linked to alterations in composition and functionality of the gut microbiome. One of the possible mechanisms underlying the interplay between microbiota and host metabolism is through appetite-regulating hormones (including leptin, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1). Short chain fatty acids, the end product of bacterial fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates, might be able to alter energy harvest and metabolism through enteroendocrine cell signaling, adipogenesis and insulin-like growth factor-1 production. Elucidating these mechanisms may lead to development of new modulation practices of the gut microbiota as a potential prevention and treatment strategy for childhood malnutrition. The present overview will briefly outline the gut microbiota development in the early life, gut microbiota alterations in childhood undernutrition and obesity, and whether this relationship is causal. Further we will discuss possible underlying mechanisms in relation to the gut-brain axis and short chain fatty acids, and the potential of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics for modulating the gut microbiota during childhood as a prevention and treatment strategy against undernutrition and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyda Tugba Pekmez
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Lars Ove Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lena Kirchner Brahe
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Kang LJ, Koleva PT, Field CJ, Giesbrecht GF, Wine E, Becker AB, Mandhane PJ, Turvey SE, Subbarao P, Sears MR, Scott JA, Kozyrskyj AL. Maternal depressive symptoms linked to reduced fecal Immunoglobulin A concentrations in infants. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 68:123-131. [PMID: 29032226 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA) plays a critical role to infant gut mucosal immunity. Delayed IgA production is associated with greater risk of allergic disease. Murine models of stressful events during pregnancy and infancy show alterations in gut immunity and microbial composition in offspring, but little is known about the stress-microbiome-immunity pathways in humans. We investigated differences in infant fecal sIgA concentrations according to the presence of maternal depressive symptoms during and after pregnancy. A subsample of 403 term infants from the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) cohort were studied. Their mothers completed the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale when enrolled prenatally and again postpartum. Quantified by Immundiagnostik sIgA ELISA kit, sIgA from infant stool was compared across maternal depressive symptom categories using Mann-Whitney U-tests and logistic regression models that controlled for various covariates. Twelve percent of women reported clinically significant depressive symptoms only prenatally, 8.7% had only postpartum symptoms and 9.2% had symptoms both pre and postnatally. Infants born to mothers with pre and postnatal symptoms had significantly lower median sIgA concentrations than those in the reference group (4.4 mg/g feces vs. 6.3 mg/g feces; p = 0.033). The odds for sIgA concentrations in the lowest quartile was threefold higher (95% CI: 1.25-7.55) when mothers had pre and postnatal symptoms, after controlling for breastfeeding status, infant age, antibiotics exposure and other covariates. Postnatal symptoms were not associated with fecal sIgA, independently of breastfeeding status. Infants born to mothers with depressive symptoms appear to have lower fecal sIgA concentrations, predisposing them to higher risk for allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane J Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 3-527 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Petya T Koleva
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 3-527 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-126A Li Ka Shing Center for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Gerald F Giesbrecht
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, CDC, Owerko Centre, Room 355, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, CDC, Owerko Centre, Room 355, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Eytan Wine
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 4-577 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Allan B Becker
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, 513 - 715 McDermot Avenue Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Piushkumar J Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 1048B Research Transition Facility, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V2, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital, Room A2-147, 950 W 28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, 10-9716, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Malcolm R Sears
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 50 Charlton Avenue E., Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - James A Scott
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 223 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R4, Canada
| | - Anita L Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 3-527 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada; School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-527 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada.
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The microbiota influences cell death and microglial colonization in the perinatal mouse brain. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 67:218-229. [PMID: 28890156 PMCID: PMC5696094 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian fetus develops in a largely sterile environment, and direct exposure to a complex microbiota does not occur until birth. We took advantage of this to examine the effect of the microbiota on brain development during the first few days of life. The expression of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines, developmental cell death, and microglial colonization in the brain were compared between newborn conventionally colonized mice and mice born in sterile, germ-free (GF) conditions. Expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor α was markedly suppressed in GF newborns. GF mice also had altered cell death, with some regions exhibiting higher rates (paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the CA1 oriens layer of the hippocampus) and other regions exhibiting no change or lower rates (arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus) of cell death. Microglial labeling was elevated in GF mice, due to an increase in both microglial cell size and number. The changes in cytokine expression, cell death and microglial labeling were evident on the day of birth, but were absent on embryonic day 18.5, approximately one-half day prior to expected delivery. Taken together, our results suggest that direct exposure to the microbiota at birth influences key neurodevelopmental events and does so within hours. These findings may help to explain some of the behavioral and neurochemical alterations previously seen in adult GF mice.
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Do bacteria shape our development? Crosstalk between intestinal microbiota and HPA axis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:458-471. [PMID: 28918360 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human body contains as many bacteria in the intestine as the total number of human body cells. These bacteria have a central position in human health and disease, and would also play a role in the regulation of emotions, behavior, and even higher cognitive functions. The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis (HPA axis) is a major physiological stress system that produces cortisol. This hormone is involved in responding to environmental stress and also shapes many aspects of brain development. Both the HPA axis and the intestinal microbiota show rapid and profound developmental changes during the first years of life. Early environmental disturbances can affect the development of both systems. Early adversity, for example, is known to lead to later unbalances in both, as well as to psychopathological behavior and emotions. The goal of this theoretical review is to summarize current knowledge on the developmental crosstalk between the intestinal microbiota and the HPA axis, providing a basis for understanding the development and bidirectional communication between these two essential systems in human functioning.
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Microbes in Infant Gut Development: Placing Abundance Within Environmental, Clinical and Growth Parameters. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11230. [PMID: 28894126 PMCID: PMC5593852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sound and timely microbial gut colonization completes newborn’s healthy metabolic programming and manifests in infant appropriate growth and weight development. Feces, collected at 3, 30, and 90 days after birth from 60 breastfed Slovenian newborns, was submitted to microbial DNA extraction and qPCR quantification of selected gut associated taxa. Multivariate regression analysis was applied to evaluate microbial dynamics with respect to infant demographic, environmental, clinical characteristics and first year growth data. Early microbial variability was marked by the proportion of Bacilli, but diminished and converged in later samples, as bifidobacteria started to prevail. The first month proportions of enterococci were associated with maternity hospital locality and supplementation of breastfeeding with formulae, while Enterococcus faecalis proportion reflected the mode of delivery. Group Bacteroides-Prevotella proportion was associated with infant weight and ponderal index at first month. Infant mixed feeding pattern and health issues within the first month revealed the most profound and extended microbial perturbations. Our findings raise concerns over the ability of the early feeding supplementation to emulate and support the gut microbiota in a way similar to the exclusively breastfed infants. Additionally, practicing supplementation beyond the first month also manifested in higher first year weight and weight gain Z-score.
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Kohl KD, Carey HV. A place for host-microbe symbiosis in the comparative physiologist's toolbox. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 219:3496-3504. [PMID: 27852759 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.136325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although scientists have long appreciated that metazoans evolved in a microbial world, we are just beginning to appreciate the profound impact that host-associated microbes have on diverse aspects of animal biology. The enormous growth in our understanding of host-microbe symbioses is rapidly expanding the study of animal physiology, both technically and conceptually. Microbes associate functionally with various body surfaces of their hosts, although most reside in the gastrointestinal tract. Gut microbes convert dietary and host-derived substrates to metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, thereby providing energy and nutrients to the host. Bacterial metabolites incorporated into the host metabolome can activate receptors on a variety of cell types and, in doing so, alter host physiology (including metabolism, organ function, biological rhythms, neural activity and behavior). Given that host-microbe interactions affect diverse aspects of host physiology, it is likely that they influence animal ecology and, if they confer fitness benefits, the evolutionary trajectory of a species. Multiple variables - including sampling regime, environmental parameters, host metadata and analytical methods - can influence experimental outcomes in host-microbiome studies, making careful experimental design and execution crucial to ensure reproducible and informative studies in the laboratory and field. Integration of microbiomes into comparative physiology and ecophysiological investigations can reveal the potential impacts of the microbiota on physiological responses to changing environments, and is likely to bring valuable insights to the study of host-microbiome interactions among a broad range of metazoans, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Kohl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 53705, USA
| | - Hannah V Carey
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Walker RW, Clemente JC, Peter I, Loos RJF. The prenatal gut microbiome: are we colonized with bacteria in utero? Pediatr Obes 2017; 12 Suppl 1:3-17. [PMID: 28447406 PMCID: PMC5583026 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The colonization of the gut with microbes in early life is critical to the developing newborn immune system, metabolic function and potentially future health. Maternal microbes are transmitted to offspring during childbirth, representing a key step in the colonization of the infant gut. Studies of infant meconium suggest that bacteria are present in the foetal gut prior to birth, meaning that colonization could occur prenatally. Animal studies have shown that prenatal transmission of microbes to the foetus is possible, and physiological changes observed in pregnant mothers indicate that in utero transfer is likely in humans as well. However, direct evidence of in utero transfer of bacteria in humans is lacking. Understanding the timing and mechanisms involved in the first colonization of the human gut is critical to a comprehensive understanding of the early life gut microbiome. This review will discuss the evidence supporting in utero transmission of microbes from mother to infants. We also review sources of transferred bacteria, physiological mechanisms of transfer and modifiers of maternal microbiomes and their potential role in early life infant health. Well-designed longitudinal birth studies that account for established modifiers of the gut microbiome are challenging, but will be necessary to confirm in utero transfer and further our knowledge of the prenatal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Walker
- Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Jose C Clemente
- Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Inga Peter
- Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Ruth JF Loos
- Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10025, USA
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Nagpal R, Tsuji H, Takahashi T, Nomoto K, Kawashima K, Nagata S, Yamashiro Y. Gut dysbiosis following C-section instigates higher colonisation of toxigenic Clostridium perfringens in infants. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:353-365. [PMID: 28504574 DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein we investigated the intestinal carriage of α-toxigenic and enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens during infancy, focusing on its association with other gut microbes and mode of delivery and feeding. Faecal samples from 89 healthy term infants were collected at age 7 days, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 3 years. C. perfringens was quantified by qPCR; other gut bacteria were quantified by reverse-transcription-qPCR. Alpha-toxigenic C. perfringens was detected in 3.4% infants at day 7 but was present in 35-40% infants at subsequent time-points, with counts ranging from 103-107 cells/g faeces. Enterotoxigenic C. perfringens remained undetected at day 7 but was detected in 1.1, 4.5, 10.1 and 4.5% infants at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 3 years, respectively. Intriguingly, infants carrying α-toxigenic C. perfringens had lower levels of Bacteroides fragilis group, bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and organic acids as compared to non-carriers. Further analyses revealed that, compared to vaginally-born infants, caesarean-born infants had higher carriage of C. perfringens and lower levels of B. fragilis group, bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and faecal organic acids during first 6 months. Compared to formula-fed infants, breast-fed infants were slightly less often colonised with C. perfringens; and within caesarean-born infants, breast-fed infants had slightly lower levels of C. perfringens and higher levels of B. fragilis group, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli than formula-fed infants. This study demonstrates the quantitative dynamics of toxigenic C. perfringens colonisation in infants during the early years of life. Caesarean-born infants acquire a somewhat perturbed microbiota, and breast-feeding might be helpful in ameliorating this dysbiosis. Higher carriage of toxigenic C. perfringens in healthy infants is intriguing and warrants further investigation of its sources and clinical significance in infants, particularly the caesarean-born who may represent a potential reservoir of this opportunistic pathogen and might be more prone to associated illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nagpal
- 1 Laboratory for Probiotics Research (Yakult), Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-9-8-3F, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Tsuji
- 2 Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- 2 Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - K Nomoto
- 2 Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - K Kawashima
- 3 Gonohashi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, 6 Chome-1-6 Kameido, Koto, Tokyo 136-0071, Japan
| | - S Nagata
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Y Yamashiro
- 1 Laboratory for Probiotics Research (Yakult), Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-9-8-3F, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism & Caphri School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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van de Pol JAA, van Best N, Mbakwa CA, Thijs C, Savelkoul PH, Arts ICW, Hornef MW, Mommers M, Penders J. Gut Colonization by Methanogenic Archaea Is Associated with Organic Dairy Consumption in Children. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:355. [PMID: 28344572 PMCID: PMC5344914 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota represents a complex and diverse ecosystem with a profound impact on human health, promoting immune maturation, and host metabolism as well as colonization resistance. Important members that have often been disregarded are the methanogenic archaea. Methanogenic archaea reduce hydrogen levels via the production of methane, thereby stimulating food fermentation by saccharolytic bacteria. On the other hand, colonization by archaea has been suggested to promote a number of gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases such as colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and obesity. Archaea have been shown to be absent during infancy while omnipresent in school-aged children, suggesting that colonization may result from environmental exposure during childhood. The factors that determine the acquisition of methanogenic archaea, however, have remained undefined. Therefore, we aimed to explore determinants associated with the acquisition of the two main gastrointestinal archaeal species, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Methanosphaera stadtmanae, in children. Within the context of the KOALA Birth Cohort Study, fecal samples from 472 children aged 6–10 years were analyzed for the abundance of M. smithii and M. stadtmanae using qPCR. Environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, hygiene, child rearing, and medication were recorded by repeated questionnaires. The relationship between these determinants and the presence and abundance of archaea was analyzed by logistic and linear regression respectively. Three hundred and sixty-nine out of the 472 children (78.2%) were colonized by M. smithii, and 39 out of the 472 children (8.3%) by M. stadtmanae. The consumption of organic yogurt (odds ratio: 4.25, CI95: 1.51; 11.95) and the consumption of organic milk (odds ratio: 5.58, CI95: 1.83; 17.01) were positively associated with the presence of M. smithii. We subsequently screened raw milk, processed milk, and yogurt samples for methanogens. We identified milk products as possible source for M. smithii, but not M. stadtmanae. In conclusion, M. smithii seems present in milk products and their consumption may determine archaeal gut colonization in children. For the first time, a large variety of determinants have been explored in association with gut colonization by methanogenic archaea. Although more information is needed to confirm and unravel the mechanisms in detail, it provides new insights on microbial colonization processes in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen A A van de Pol
- Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Grow - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands
| | - Niels van Best
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastricht, Netherlands; Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University HospitalAachen, Germany
| | - Catherine A Mbakwa
- Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Carel Thijs
- Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Paul H Savelkoul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastricht, Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ilja C W Arts
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology and Department of Epidemiology, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mathias W Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Monique Mommers
- Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - John Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastricht, Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastricht, Netherlands
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Kumari M, Kozyrskyj AL. Gut microbial metabolism defines host metabolism: an emerging perspective in obesity and allergic inflammation. Obes Rev 2017; 18:18-31. [PMID: 27862824 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The presence of >100 trillion microorganisms (collectively called gut microbiota) in our large intestine is essential for the maintenance of health. The gut microbiota starts to develop before birth and matures within first three years of life. The Western diet and lifestyle have been implicated in causing an imbalance of gut microbial communities and their metabolites that consequence in disease states, such as obesity and asthma. With more than 13% of the world population currently living with obesity and one out of 10 children diagnosed with asthma, we explore here the recent developments in the biosynthesis and mode of action of the key metabolites in relation to these two chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kumari
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A L Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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50
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Sánchez-Samper E, Gómez-Gallego C, Andreo-Martínez P, Salminen S, Ros G. Mice gut microbiota programming by using the infant food profile. The effect on growth, gut microbiota and the immune system. Food Funct 2017; 8:3758-3768. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00819h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Infant food profile on programming of the growth, gut microbiota and immune system of C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Sánchez-Samper
- Research group of Human Nutrition & Food Sciences (NUTBRO)
- Veterinary Faculty
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- University of Murcia
- Spain
| | - Carlos Gómez-Gallego
- Research group of Human Nutrition & Food Sciences (NUTBRO)
- Veterinary Faculty
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- University of Murcia
- Spain
| | | | | | - Gaspar Ros
- Research group of Human Nutrition & Food Sciences (NUTBRO)
- Veterinary Faculty
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- University of Murcia
- Spain
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