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Kuhn JH, Schmaljohn CS. A Brief History of Bunyaviral Family Hantaviridae. Diseases 2023; 11:38. [PMID: 36975587 PMCID: PMC10047430 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of Hantaan virus as an etiologic agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in South Korea in 1978 led to identification of related pathogenic and nonpathogenic rodent-borne viruses in Asia and Europe. Their global distribution was recognized in 1993 after connecting newly discovered relatives of these viruses to hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the Americas. The 1971 description of the shrew-infecting Hantaan-virus-like Thottapalayam virus was long considered an anomaly. Today, this virus and many others that infect eulipotyphlans, bats, fish, rodents, and reptiles are classified among several genera in the continuously expanding family Hantaviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens H. Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Connie S. Schmaljohn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Krug C, Rigaud E, Siby-Diakite D, Bénézet L, Papadopoulos P, de Valk H, Deffontaines G, Septfons A, Reynes JM. Seroprevalence of Hantavirus in Forestry Workers, Northern France, 2019-2020. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020338. [PMID: 36851558 PMCID: PMC9962707 DOI: 10.3390/v15020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) among forestry workers in northern France, and to explore sociodemographic risk factors. We conducted a random cross-sectional seroprevalence survey among 1777 forestry workers in 2019-2020. The presence of immunoglobulin G against PUUV antigens in serum was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed using immunofluorescence assay. Poisson regression models were used to explore factors associated with seropositivity. Weighted seroprevalence was 5% (3-6) in northeastern France, 4% (2-6) in north central France, and 1% in two regions located in the center of the country (Auvergne and Limousin). There were no seropositive workers detected in northwestern France. Seropositivity was associated with age, sex, and cumulative seniority in the forestry sector. Seroprevalence was highest in known endemic areas of the northeast and lowest in the northwest. Nevertheless, we found serological evidence of PUUV infection in two regions located in the center of the country, suggesting circulation of the virus in these regions, previously thought to be non-endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Krug
- Santé Publique France, 94410 Saint-Maurice, France
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), 169 73 Solna, Sweden
| | - Emma Rigaud
- Caisse Centrale de la Mutualité Sociale Agricole, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean-Marc Reynes
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-40-61-38-08
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Tariq M, Kim DM. Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome: Literature Review, Epidemiology, Clinical Picture and Pathogenesis. Infect Chemother 2022; 54:1-19. [PMID: 35384417 PMCID: PMC8987181 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2021.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses can cause two types of infections in humans: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. The old world hantaviruses, primarily Hantaan virus (HTNV), responsible for causing HFRS occurs endemically in Asia and Europe. Apodernus agraricus, a striped field mouse, is being considered as main host reservoir for HTNV. Infection in humans is typically accidental and occurs when virus-containing rodent excretions such as urine, feces, or saliva are aerosolized. The major clinical manifestations includes increased vascular permeability causing vascular leakage, acute kidney injury and coagulation abnormalities. The case fatality rate of HFRS varies around 5.0 - 10.0% depending on the causative viral agent. The direct effects of viral infection on endothelial cells, as well as the immunological response to the viral infection, have been suggested to play a key role in the pathogenesis of HFRS. This article summarizes the current knowledge of HFRS epidemiology in Korea and around the globe, etiology, host transmission, clinical presentation, pathogenesis, diagnostic techniques, treatment, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Tariq
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea.,Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Dong-Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea.
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Rabemananjara HA, Raharinosy V, Razafimahefa RM, Ravalohery JP, Rafisandratantsoa JT, Andriamandimby SF, Rajerison M, Rahelinirina S, Harimanana A, Irinantenaina J, Olive MM, Rogier C, Tordo N, Ulrich RG, Reynes JM, Petres S, Heraud JM, Telfer S, Filippone C. Human Exposure to Hantaviruses Associated with Rodents of the Murinae Subfamily, Madagascar. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26:587-590. [PMID: 32091377 PMCID: PMC7045827 DOI: 10.3201/eid2603.190320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a national human serologic study of a hantavirus detected in Madagascar rodents using a commercial kit and a new ELISA targeting the virus. Our results suggest a conservative estimate of 2.7% (46/1,680) IgG seroprevalence. A second single-district study using the new ELISA revealed a higher prevalence (7.2%; 10/139).
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Dai X, Jian C, Na L, Wang X, Dai Y, Li D. Production and characterization of Hantaan virus-like particles from baculovirus expression system. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wild Rats, Laboratory Rats, Pet Rats: Global Seoul Hantavirus Disease Revisited. Viruses 2019; 11:v11070652. [PMID: 31319534 PMCID: PMC6669632 DOI: 10.3390/v11070652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports from Europe and the USA described Seoul orthohantavirus infection in pet rats and their breeders/owners, suggesting the potential emergence of a “new” public health problem. Wild and laboratory rat-induced Seoul infections have, however, been described since the early eighties, due to the omnipresence of the rodent reservoir, the brown rat Rattus norvegicus. Recent studies showed no fundamental differences between the pathogenicity and phylogeny of pet rat-induced Seoul orthohantaviruses and their formerly described wild or laboratory rat counterparts. The paucity of diagnosed Seoul virus-induced disease in the West is in striking contrast to the thousands of cases recorded since the 1980s in the Far East, particularly in China. This review of four continents (Asia, Europe, America, and Africa) puts this “emerging infection” into a historical perspective, concluding there is an urgent need for greater medical awareness of Seoul virus-induced human pathology in many parts of the world. Given the mostly milder and atypical clinical presentation, sometimes even with preserved normal kidney function, the importance of simple but repeated urine examination is stressed, since initial but transient proteinuria and microhematuria are rarely lacking.
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Clements TL, Rossi CA, Irish AK, Kibuuka H, Eller LA, Robb ML, Kataaha P, Michael NL, Hensley LE, Schoepp RJ. Chikungunya and O'nyong-nyong Viruses in Uganda: Implications for Diagnostics. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz001. [PMID: 31660384 PMCID: PMC6411207 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A serosurvey of healthy blood donors provided evidence of hemorrhagic fever and arthropod-borne virus infections in Uganda. METHODS Antibody prevalence to arthropod-borne and hemorrhagic fever viruses in human sera was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). RESULTS The greatest antibody prevalence determined by ELISA was to chikungunya virus (CHIKV) followed in descending order by West Nile virus (WNV), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), Ebola virus (EBOV), dengue virus (DEN), yellow fever virus (YFV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), Marburg virus (MARV), and Lassa virus (LASV). Further investigation of CHIKV-positive sera demonstrated that the majority of antibody responses may likely be the result of exposure to the closely related alphavirus o'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV). CONCLUSIONS As the use of highly specific and sensitive polymerase chain reaction-based assays becomes the diagnostic standard without the corresponding use of the less sensitive but more broadly reactive immunological-based assays, emerging and re-emerging outbreaks will be initially missed, illustrating the need for an orthogonal system for the detection and identification of viruses causing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L Clements
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Cynthia A Rossi
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Amanda K Irish
- College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Hannah Kibuuka
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | | | | | - Lisa E Hensley
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases–Integrated Research Facility, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Randal J Schoepp
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
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Abstract
Hantaviruses are known to cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Eurasia and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in the Americas. They are globally emerging pathogens as newer serotypes are routinely being reported. This review discusses hantavirus biology, clinical features and pathogenesis of hantavirus disease, its diagnostics, distribution and mammalian hosts. Hantavirus research in India is also summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Chandy
- International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN), INCLEN Trust International, New Delhi, India
| | - Dilip Mathai
- Apollo Medical College and Research Center, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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9
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Li W, Cao S, Zhang Q, Li J, Zhang S, Wu W, Qu J, Li C, Liang M, Li D. Comparison of serological assays to titrate Hantaan and Seoul hantavirus-specific antibodies. Virol J 2017; 14:133. [PMID: 28720142 PMCID: PMC5516384 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0799-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hantaan and Seoul viruses, in the Hantavirus genus, are known to cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), as conventional neutralization test for hantaviruses, is laborious and time-consuming. Alternatives to PRNT for hantaviruses are required. METHODS In this study, the methods for Hantaan and Seoul viruses serological typing including microneutralization test (MNT), pseudoparticle neutralization test (PPNT) and immunofluorescence assay based on viral glycoproteins (IFA-GP) were developed and compared with PRNT using a panel of 74 sera including 44 convalescent sera of laboratory confirmed HFRS patients and 30 patients sera of non-hantavirus infection. Antibody titres and serotyping obtained with different methods above were analyzed by paired-t, linear correlation, McNemar χ2 and Kappa agreement tests. RESULTS Antibody titres obtained with MNT50, PPNT50 and IFA-GP were significantly correlated with that obtained with PRNT50 (p < 0.001). GMT determined by PPNT50 was statistically higher than that determined by PRNT50 (p < 0.001), while GMT determined by MNT50 and IFA-GP were equal with (p > 0.05) and less than (p < 0.001) that obtained with PRNT50 respectively. Serotyping obtained with MNT50 and PRNT50, PPNT50 and PRNT50 were highly consistent (p < 0.001), whereas that obtained with IFA-GP and PRNT50 were moderately consistent (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences for serotyping between PRNT50 and MNT50, as well as PRNT50 and PPNT50 (p > 0.05). IFA-GP was less sensitive than PRNT50 and MNT50 for serotyping of hantaviruses infection (p < 0.05). However, for 79.5% (35/44) samples, serotyping determined by IFA-GP and PRNT50 were consistent. CONCLUSIONS MNT50 and PPNT50 both can be used as simple and rapid alternatives to PRNT50, and MNT50 is more specific while PPNT50 is more sensitive than other assays for neutralizing antibody determination. So far, this work has been the most comprehensive comparison of alternatives to PRNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Li
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.,Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing CDC, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouchun Cao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanfu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiandong Li
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Qu
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Mifang Liang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexin Li
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
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Sun XF, Zhao L, Zhang ZT, Liu MM, Xue ZF, Wen HL, Ma DQ, Huang YT, Sun Y, Zhou CM, Luo LM, Liu JW, Li WQ, Yu H, Yu XJ. Detection of Imjin Virus and Seoul Virus in Crocidurine Shrews in Shandong Province, China. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2017; 17:425-431. [PMID: 28287930 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2016.2056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, hantaviruses have been discovered in insectivores in Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America. Imjin virus (MJNV) was first isolated from the lung tissues of Ussuri white-toothed shrew (Crocidura lasiura) from South Korea in 2009. We aim to detect the species and prevalence of insectivore- and rodent-borne hantaviruses in shrews and rodents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrews and rodents were captured in Jiaonan County of Shandong Province, China, in 2014. RT-PCR was used to amplify viral RNA of Hantavirus species, including insectivore-borne Imjin virus (MJNV), rodent-borne Hantaan virus (HTNV), and Seoul virus (SEOV) from shrews and rodents. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We found that MJNV infected 10.7% (19/178) of Crocidura shrews, but it infected none of rodents (0/475); we also found that 2 of 178 (1.1%) Crocidura shrews were PCR positive to SEOV. This study indicated that the major animal hosts of Imjin virus are shrews, and rodent-borne SEOV can infect shrews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Feng Sun
- 1 School of Public Health, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | - Li Zhao
- 1 School of Public Health, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | - Zhen-Tang Zhang
- 2 Huangdao District Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Qingdao City, China
| | - Miao-Miao Liu
- 1 School of Public Health, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | - Zai-Feng Xue
- 2 Huangdao District Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Qingdao City, China
| | - Hong-Ling Wen
- 1 School of Public Health, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | - Dong-Qiang Ma
- 2 Huangdao District Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Qingdao City, China
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- 1 School of Public Health, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | - Yue Sun
- 1 School of Public Health, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | - Chuan-Min Zhou
- 1 School of Public Health, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | - Li-Mei Luo
- 1 School of Public Health, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- 1 School of Public Health, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Qian Li
- 1 School of Public Health, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | - Hao Yu
- 3 School of Medicine, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Jie Yu
- 1 School of Public Health, Shandong University , Jinan, China .,4 School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China .,5 Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
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Gu SH, Kumar M, Sikorska B, Hejduk J, Markowski J, Markowski M, Liberski PP, Yanagihara R. Isolation and partial characterization of a highly divergent lineage of hantavirus from the European mole (Talpa europaea). Sci Rep 2016; 6:21119. [PMID: 26892544 PMCID: PMC4759689 DOI: 10.1038/srep21119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically distinct hantaviruses have been identified in five species of fossorial moles (order Eulipotyphla, family Talpidae) from Eurasia and North America. Here, we report the isolation and partial characterization of a highly divergent hantavirus, named Nova virus (NVAV), from lung tissue of a European mole (Talpa europaea), captured in central Poland in August 2013. Typical hantavirus-like particles, measuring 80-120 nm in diameter, were found in NVAV-infected Vero E6 cells by transmission electron microscopy. Whole-genome sequences of the isolate, designated NVAV strain Te34, were identical to that amplified from the original lung tissue, and phylogenetic analysis of the full-length L, M and S segments, using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods, showed that NVAV was most closely related to hantaviruses harbored by insectivorous bats, consistent with an ancient evolutionary origin. Infant Swiss Webster mice, inoculated with NVAV by the intraperitoneal route, developed weight loss and hyperactivity, beginning at 16 days, followed by hind-limb paralysis and death. High NVAV RNA copies were detected in lung, liver, kidney, spleen and brain by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Neuropathological examination showed astrocytic and microglial activation and neuronal loss. The first mole-borne hantavirus isolate will facilitate long-overdue studies on its infectivity and pathogenic potential in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hun Gu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Departments of Pediatrics and Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Beata Sikorska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, 92-216 Łódź, Poland
| | - Janusz Hejduk
- Department of Biodiversity Studies, Didactics and Bioeducation, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Janusz Markowski
- Department of Biodiversity Studies, Didactics and Bioeducation, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Marcin Markowski
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Paweł P Liberski
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, 92-216 Łódź, Poland
| | - Richard Yanagihara
- Departments of Pediatrics and Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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Ling J, Vaheri A, Hepojoki S, Levanov L, Jääskeläinen A, Henttonen H, Vapalahti O, Sironen T, Hepojoki J. Serological survey of Seewis virus antibodies in patients suspected for hantavirus infection in Finland; a cross-reaction between Puumala virus antiserum with Seewis virus N protein? J Gen Virol 2015; 96:1664-75. [PMID: 25787939 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Puumala virus (PUUV, carried by Myodes glareolus) co-circulates with Seewis virus (SWSV, carried by Sorex araneus) in Finland. While PUUV causes 1000-3000 nephropathia epidemica (NE) cases annually, the pathogenicity of SWSV to man is unknown. To study the prevalence of SWSV antibodies in hantavirus fever-like patients' sera, we used recombinant SWSV nucleocapsid (N) protein as the antigen in ELISA, immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and immunoblotting. While characterizing the recombinant SWSV N protein, we observed that a polyclonal rabbit antiserum against PUUV N protein cross-reacted with SWSV N protein and vice versa. We initially screened 486 (450 PUUV-seronegative and 36 PUUV-seropositive) samples sent to Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory for PUUV serodiagnosis during 2002 and 2007 in an SWSV N protein IgG ELISA. In total, 4.2 % (19/450) of the PUUV-seronegative samples were reactive in the SWSV N protein IgG ELISA and none of the tested samples [43 PUUV-seronegative (weakly reactive in the SWSV IgG ELISA) and 15 random] were reactive in the SWSV N protein IgM ELISA. None of the IgG reactions could be confirmed by IFA or immunoblotting. Furthermore, among the 36 PUUV-seropositive samples three were reactive in SWSV N protein IgG and ten in SWSV N protein IgM ELISA. One PUUV-seropositive sample reacted with SWSV N protein in IFA and four in immunoblotting. Finally, we applied competitive ELISA to confirm that the observed reactivity was due to cross-reactivity rather than a true SWSV response. In conclusion, no evidence of SWSV infection was found among the 486 samples studied; however, we did demonstrate that PUUV antiserum cross-reacted with shrew-borne hantavirus N protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Ling
- 1Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Vaheri
- 1Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 2Department of Virology and Immunology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital
| | - Satu Hepojoki
- 1Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lev Levanov
- 1Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Jääskeläinen
- 1Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 2Department of Virology and Immunology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital
| | | | - Olli Vapalahti
- 1Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 2Department of Virology and Immunology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital 4Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Sironen
- 1Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- 1Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Schoepp RJ, Rossi CA, Khan SH, Goba A, Fair JN. Undiagnosed acute viral febrile illnesses, Sierra Leone. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 20:1176-82. [PMID: 24959946 PMCID: PMC4073864 DOI: 10.3201/eid2007.131265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sierra Leone in West Africa is in a Lassa fever-hyperendemic region that also includes Guinea and Liberia. Each year, suspected Lassa fever cases result in submission of ≈500-700 samples to the Kenema Government Hospital Lassa Diagnostic Laboratory in eastern Sierra Leone. Generally only 30%-40% of samples tested are positive for Lassa virus (LASV) antigen and/or LASV-specific IgM; thus, 60%-70% of these patients have acute diseases of unknown origin. To investigate what other arthropod-borne and hemorrhagic fever viral diseases might cause serious illness in this region and mimic Lassa fever, we tested patient serum samples that were negative for malaria parasites and LASV. Using IgM-capture ELISAs, we evaluated samples for antibodies to arthropod-borne and other hemorrhagic fever viruses. Approximately 25% of LASV-negative patients had IgM to dengue, West Nile, yellow fever, Rift Valley fever, chikungunya, Ebola, and Marburg viruses but not to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus.
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14
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Gu SH, Hejduk J, Markowski J, Kang HJ, Markowski M, Połatyńska M, Sikorska B, Liberski PP, Yanagihara R. Co-circulation of soricid- and talpid-borne hantaviruses in Poland. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 28:296-303. [PMID: 25445646 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported the discovery of a genetically distinct hantavirus, designated Boginia virus (BOGV), in the Eurasian water shrew (Neomys fodiens), as well as the detection of Seewis virus (SWSV) in the Eurasian common shrew (Sorex araneus), in central Poland. In this expanded study of 133 shrews and 69 moles captured during 2010-2013 in central and southeastern Poland, we demonstrate the co-circulation of BOGV in the Eurasian water shrew and SWSV in the Eurasian common shrew, Eurasian pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus) and Mediterranean water shrew (Neomys anomalus). In addition, we found high prevalence of Nova virus (NVAV) infection in the European mole (Talpa europaea), with evidence of NVAV RNA in heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen and intestine. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence variation of the L segment among the SWSV strains was 0-18.8% and 0-5.4%, respectively. And for the 38 NVAV strains from European moles captured in Huta Dłutowska, the L-segment genetic similarity ranged from 94.1%-100% at the nucleotide level and 96.3%-100% at the amino acid level. Phylogenetic analyses showed geographic-specific lineages of SWSV and NVAV in Poland, not unlike that of rodent-borne hantaviruses, suggesting long-standing host-specific adaptation. The co-circulation and distribution of BOGV, SWSV and NVAV in Poland parallels findings of multiple hantavirus species co-existing in their respective rodent reservoir species elsewhere in Europe. Also, the detection of SWSV in three syntopic shrew species resembles spill over events observed among some rodent-borne hantaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hun Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Janusz Hejduk
- Department of Teacher Training and Biodiversity Studies, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, S. Banacha Street 1/3, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Janusz Markowski
- Department of Teacher Training and Biodiversity Studies, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, S. Banacha Street 1/3, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Hae Ji Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Marcin Markowski
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Połatyńska
- Department of Algology and Mycology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Beata Sikorska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Łódź, Czechoslowacka Street 8/10, 92-216 Łódź, Poland
| | - Paweł P Liberski
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Łódź, Czechoslowacka Street 8/10, 92-216 Łódź, Poland
| | - Richard Yanagihara
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
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Schmaljohn CS, Spik KW, Hooper JW. DNA vaccines for HFRS: Laboratory and clinical studies. Virus Res 2014; 187:91-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Plyusnin A, Sironen T. Evolution of hantaviruses: Co-speciation with reservoir hosts for more than 100MYR. Virus Res 2014; 187:22-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Hooper J, Moon J, Paolino K, Newcomer R, McLain D, Josleyn M, Hannaman D, Schmaljohn C. A Phase 1 clinical trial of Hantaan virus and Puumala virus M-segment DNA vaccines for haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome delivered by intramuscular electroporation. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20 Suppl 5:110-7. [DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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18
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Yanagihara R, Gu SH, Arai S, Kang HJ, Song JW. Hantaviruses: rediscovery and new beginnings. Virus Res 2014; 187:6-14. [PMID: 24412714 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Virus and host gene phylogenies, indicating that antigenically distinct hantaviruses (family Bunyaviridae, genus Hantavirus) segregate into clades, which parallel the molecular evolution of rodents belonging to the Murinae, Arvicolinae, Neotominae and Sigmodontinae subfamilies, suggested co-divergence of hantaviruses and their rodent reservoirs. Lately, this concept has been vigorously contested in favor of preferential host switching and local host-specific adaptation. To gain insights into the host range, spatial and temporal distribution, genetic diversity and evolutionary origins of hantaviruses, we employed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to analyze frozen, RNAlater(®)-preserved and ethanol-fixed tissues from 1546 shrews (9 genera and 47 species), 281 moles (8 genera and 10 species) and 520 bats (26 genera and 53 species), collected in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America during 1980-2012. Thus far, we have identified 24 novel hantaviruses in shrews, moles and bats. That these newfound hantaviruses are geographically widespread and genetically more diverse than those harbored by rodents suggests that the evolutionary history of hantaviruses is far more complex than previously conjectured. Phylogenetic analyses indicate four distinct clades, with the most divergent comprising hantaviruses harbored by the European mole and insectivorous bats, with evidence for both co-divergence and host switching. Future studies will provide new knowledge about the transmission dynamics and pathogenic potential of these newly discovered, still-orphan, non-rodent-borne hantaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Yanagihara
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | - Se Hun Gu
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Satoru Arai
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hae Ji Kang
- Division of Respiratory Viruses, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Chunngcheonngbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, 5-Ga, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
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19
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Izurieta RO, Macaluso M, Watts DM, Tesh RB, Guerra B, Cruz LM, Galwankar S, Vermund SH. Hunting in the Rainforest and Mayaro Virus Infection: An emerging Alphavirus in Ecuador. J Glob Infect Dis 2012; 3:317-23. [PMID: 22223990 PMCID: PMC3249982 DOI: 10.4103/0974-777x.91049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this report were to document the potential presence of Mayaro virus infection in Ecuador and to examine potential risk factors for Mayaro virus infection among the personnel of a military garrison in the Amazonian rainforest. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population consisted of the personnel of a garrison located in the Ecuadorian Amazonian rainforest. The cross-sectional study employed interviews and seroepidemiological methods. Humoral immune response to Mayaro virus infection was assessed by evaluating IgM- and IgG-specific antibodies using ELISA. RESULTS Of 338 subjects studied, 174 were from the Coastal zone of Ecuador, 73 from Andean zone, and 91 were native to the Amazonian rainforest. Seroprevalence of Mayaro virus infection was more than 20 times higher among Amazonian natives (46%) than among subjects born in other areas (2%). CONCLUSIONS Age and hunting in the rainforest were significant predictors of Mayaro virus infection overall and among Amazonian natives. The results provide the first demonstration of the potential presence of Mayaro virus infection in Ecuador and a systematic evaluation of risk factors for the transmission of this alphavirus. The large difference in prevalence rates between Amazonian natives and other groups and between older and younger natives suggest that Mayaro virus is endemic and enzootic in the rainforest, with sporadic outbreaks that determine differences in risk between birth cohorts of natives. Deep forest hunting may selectively expose native men, descendants of the Shuar and Huaronai ethnic groups, to the arthropod vectors of Mayaro virus in areas close to primate reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo O Izurieta
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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20
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Schlegel M, Tegshduuren E, Yoshimatsu K, Petraityte R, Sasnauskas K, Hammerschmidt B, Friedrich R, Mertens M, Groschup MH, Arai S, Endo R, Shimizu K, Koma T, Yasuda S, Ishihara C, Ulrich RG, Arikawa J, Köllner B. Novel serological tools for detection of Thottapalayam virus, a Soricomorpha-borne hantavirus. Arch Virol 2012; 157:2179-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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21
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Sanada T, Kariwa H, Saasa N, Yoshikawa K, Seto T, Morozov VG, Tkachenko EA, Ivanov LI, Yoshimatsu K, Arikawa J, Yoshii K, Takashima I. Development of a diagnostic method applicable to various serotypes of hantavirus infection in rodents. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:1237-42. [PMID: 22673703 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigenic diversity among different hantaviruses requires a variety of reagents for diagnosis of hantavirus infection. To develop a diagnostic method applicable to various hantavirus infections with a single set of reagents, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant nucleocapsid proteins of three hantaviruses, Amur, Hokkaido, and Sin Nombre viruses. This novel cocktail antigen-based ELISA enabled detection of antibodies against Hantaan, Seoul, Amur, Puumala, and Sin Nombre viruses in immunized laboratory animals. In wild rodent species, including Apodemus, Rattus, and Myodes, our ELISA detected antibodies against hantaviruses with high sensitivity and specificity. These data suggest that our novel diagnostic ELISA is a useful tool for screening hantavirus infections and could be effectively utilized for serological surveillance and quarantine purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Sanada
- Laboratory of Public Health, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18 Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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22
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A Phase 1 clinical trial of Hantaan virus and Puumala virus M-segment DNA vaccines for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Vaccine 2012; 30:1951-8. [PMID: 22248821 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Candidate DNA vaccines for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome expressing the envelope glycoprotein genes of Hantaan (HTNV) or Puumala (PUUV) viruses were evaluated in an open-label, single-center Phase 1 study consisting of three vaccination groups of nine volunteers. The volunteers were vaccinated by particle-mediated epidermal delivery (PMED) three times at four-week intervals with the HTNV DNA vaccine, the PUUV DNA vaccine or both vaccines. At each dosing, the volunteers received 8 μg DNA/4 mg gold. There were no study-related serious adverse events, and all injection site pain was graded as mild. The most commonly reported systemic adverse events were fatigue, headache, malaise, myalgia, and lymphadenopathy. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 28, 56, 84, 140, and 180, and assayed for the presence of neutralizing antibodies. In the single vaccine groups, neutralizing antibodies to HTNV or PUUV were detected in 30% or 44% of individuals, respectively. In the combined vaccine group, 56% of the volunteers developed neutralizing antibodies to one or both viruses. These results demonstrate that the HTNV and PUUV DNA vaccines are safe and can be immunogenic in humans when delivered by PMED.
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23
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Guo WP, Lin XD, Wang W, Zhang XH, Chen Y, Cao JH, Ni QX, Li WC, Li MH, Plyusnin A, Zhang YZ. A new subtype of Thottapalayam virus carried by the Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus) in China. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2011; 11:1862-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine protects hamsters against lethal challenge with Andes virus. J Virol 2011; 85:12781-91. [PMID: 21917979 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00794-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Andes virus (ANDV) is a highly pathogenic South American hantavirus that causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). A high case fatality rate, the potential for human-to-human transmission, the capacity to infect via aerosolization, and the absence of effective therapies make it imperative that a safe, fast-acting, and effective ANDV vaccine be developed. We generated and characterized a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vector expressing the ANDV surface glycoprotein precursor (VSVΔG/ANDVGPC) as a possible vaccine candidate and tested its efficacy in the only lethal-disease animal model of HPS. Syrian hamsters immunized with a single injection of VSVΔG/ANDVGPC were fully protected against disease when challenged at 28, 14, 7, or 3 days postimmunization with a lethal dose of ANDV; however, the mechanism of protection seems to differ depending on when the immunization occurs. At 28 days postimmunization, a lack of detectable ANDV RNA in lung, liver, and blood tissue samples, as well as a lack of seroconversion to the ANDV nucleocapsidprotein in nearly all animals, suggested largely sterile immunity. The vaccine was able to generate high levels of neutralizing anti-ANDV G(N)/G(C) antibodies, which seem to play a role as a mechanism of vaccine protection. Administration of the vaccine at 7 or 3 days before challenge also resulted in full protection but with no specific neutralizing humoral immune response, suggesting a possible role of innate responses in protection against challenge virus replication. Administration of the vaccine 24 h postchallenge was successful in protecting 90% of hamsters and again suggested the induction of a potent antiviral state by the recombinant vector as a potential mechanism. Overall, our data suggest the potential for the use of the VSV platform as a fast-acting and effective prophylaxis/postexposure treatment against lethal hantavirus infections.
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Izurieta RO, Macaluso M, Watts DM, Tesh RB, Guerra B, Cruz LM, Galwankar S, Vermund SH. Anamnestic immune response to dengue and decreased severity of yellow Fever. J Glob Infect Dis 2011; 1:111-6. [PMID: 20300401 PMCID: PMC2840959 DOI: 10.4103/0974-777x.56257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A protective immunity against yellow fever, from cross-reactive dengue antibodies, has been hypothesized as an explanation for the absence of yellow fever in Southern Asia where dengue immunity is almost universal. This study evaluates the association between protective immunity from cross-reactive dengue antibodies with yellow fever infection and severity of the disease. The study population consisted of military personnel of a jungle garrison and its detachments located in the Ecuadorian Amazonian rainforest. The cross-sectional study employed interviews as well as seroepidemiological methods. Humoral immune response to yellow fever, Mayaro, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Oropouche, and dengue 2 infections was assessed by evaluating IgM and IgG specific antibodies. Log-linear regression analysis was used to evaluate age and presence of antibodies, against dengue type 2 virus, as predictors of yellow fever infection or severe disease. During the seroepidemiological survey, presence of dengue antibodies among yellow fever cases were observed in 77.3% cases from the coastal region, where dengue is endemic, 14.3% cases from the Amazon and 16.7 % cases from the Andean region. Dengue cross-reactive antibodies were not significantly associated with yellow fever infection but significantly associated with severity of the disease. The findings of this study suggest that previous exposure to dengue infection may have induced an anamnestic immune response that did not prevent yellow fever infection but greatly reduced the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo O Izurieta
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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26
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Izurieta RO, Macaluso M, Watts DM, Tesh RB, Guerra B, Cruz LM, Galwankar S, Vermund SH. Assessing yellow Fever risk in the ecuadorian Amazon. J Glob Infect Dis 2011; 1:7-13. [PMID: 20300380 PMCID: PMC2840941 DOI: 10.4103/0974-777x.49188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports results of a cross-sectional study based on interviews and seroepidemiological methods to identify risk factors for yellow fever infection among personnel of a military garrison in the Amazonian rainforest. Clinical symptoms and signs observed among yellow fever cases are also described. Humoral immune response to yellow fever, Mayaro, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Oropouche, and dengue 2 infection was assessed by evaluating IgM and IgG specific antibodies. A yellow fever attack rate of 13% (44/341, with 3 fatal cases) was observed among military personnel. Signs of digestive track bleeding (14.6%) and hematuria (4.9%) were observed among the yellow fever cases. In 32.2% of the cases, we measured high levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase with maximum levels of 6,830 and 3,500, respectively. Signs of bleeding or jaundice were observed in some cases, and high levels of transaminases were seen. The epidemiological and laboratory investigations demonstrated that the military personnel were affected by a yellow fever outbreak. The association between clearing the rainforest and also being at the detachments with yellow fever infection confirms that clearing is the main factor in the jungle model of transmission, which takes place deep in the Amazonian rainforest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo O Izurieta
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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27
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Dobly A, Cochez C, Goossens E, De Bosschere H, Hansen P, Roels S, Heyman P. Sero-epidemiological study of the presence of hantaviruses in domestic dogs and cats from Belgium. Res Vet Sci 2011; 92:221-4. [PMID: 21388647 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hantaviruses are worldwide rodent-borne pathogens infecting humans and other animals mainly through inhalation of aerosols contaminated with rodent excreta. Few data are available on hantavirus serology and geographical distribution in dogs and cats. We therefore screened sera from pet dogs (N=410) and cats (N=124) in two regions of Belgium, using IgG ELISA and IFA. We analysed the effect of the owner's address as well as pet gender and age on hantavirus status. Hantavirus antibodies were found in both species with a significantly higher seroprevalence in cats than in dogs (16.9% vs. 4.9%, P=0.001). More dogs were infected in highly forested southern Belgium (harbouring more rodents) than in northern Belgium (10.5% vs. 3.0%, P=0.002). In the south, hantavirus sero-positive cats were found in more densely forested localities than sero-negatives ones were (P=0.033). These results are consistent with the ecological variations of hantavirus risks in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dobly
- Research Laboratory for Vector-Borne Diseases, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat, 1120 Brussels, Belgium.
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28
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Kucinskaite-Kodze I, Petraityte-Burneikiene R, Zvirbliene A, Hjelle B, Medina RA, Gedvilaite A, Razanskiene A, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Mertens M, Padula P, Sasnauskas K, Ulrich RG. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against hantavirus nucleocapsid protein and their use for immunohistochemistry on rodent and human samples. Arch Virol 2011; 156:443-56. [PMID: 21161552 PMCID: PMC8628251 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are important tools for various applications in hantavirus diagnostics. Recently, we generated Puumala virus (PUUV)-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by immunisation of mice with chimeric polyomavirus-derived virus-like particles (VLPs) harbouring the 120-amino-acid-long amino-terminal region of the PUUV nucleocapsid (N) protein. Here, we describe the generation of two mAbs by co-immunisation of mice with hexahistidine-tagged full-length N proteins of Sin Nombre virus (SNV) and Andes virus (ANDV), their characterization by different immunoassays and comparison with the previously generated mAbs raised against a segment of PUUV N protein inserted into VLPs. All of the mAbs reacted strongly in ELISA and western blot tests with the antigens used for immunization and cross-reacted to varying extents with N proteins of other hantaviruses. All mAbs raised against a segment of the PUUV N protein presented on chimeric VLPs and both mAbs raised against the full-length AND/SNV N protein reacted with Vero cells infected with different hantaviruses. The reactivity of mAbs with native viral nucleocapsids was also confirmed by their reactivity in immunohistochemistry assays with kidney tissue specimens from experimentally SNV-infected rodents and human heart tissue specimens from hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome patients. Therefore, the described mAbs represent useful tools for the immunodetection of hantavirus infection.
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29
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Nelson R, Cañate R, Pascale JM, Dragoo JW, Armien B, Armien AG, Koster F. Confirmation of Choclo virus as the cause of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome and high serum antibody prevalence in Panama. J Med Virol 2010; 82:1586-93. [PMID: 20648614 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Choclo virus (CHOV) was described in sigmodontine rodents, Oligoryzomys fulvescens, and humans during an outbreak of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in 1999-2000 in western Panama. Although HCPS is rare, hantavirus-specific serum antibody prevalence among the general population is high suggesting that CHOV may cause many mild or asymptomatic infections. The goals of this study were to confirm the role of CHOV in HCPS and in the frequently detected serum antibody and to establish the phylogenetic relationship with other New World hantaviruses. CHOV was cultured to facilitate the sequencing of the small (S) and medium (M) segments and to perform CHOV-specific serum neutralization antibody assays. Sequences of the S and M segments found a close relationship to other Oligoryzomys-borne hantaviruses in the Americas, highly conserved terminal nucleotides, and no evidence for recombination events. The maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses of complete M segment nucleotide sequences indicate a close relationship to Maporal and Laguna Negra viruses, found at the base of the South American clade. In a focus neutralization assay acute and convalescent sera from six Panamanian HCPS patients neutralized CHOV in dilutions from 1:200 to 1:6,400. In a sample of antibody-positive adults without a history of HCPS, 9 of 10 sera neutralized CHOV in dilutions ranging from 1:100 to 1:6,400. Although cross-neutralization with other sympatric hantaviruses not yet associated with human disease is possible, CHOV appears to be the causal agent for most of the mild or asymptomatic hantavirus infections, as well as HCPS, in Panama.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randin Nelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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30
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Abstract
Hantaviruses are enzootic viruses that maintain persistent infections in their rodent hosts without apparent disease symptoms. The spillover of these viruses to humans can lead to one of two serious illnesses, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. In recent years, there has been an improved understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and natural history of these viruses following an increase in the number of outbreaks in the Americas. In this review, current concepts regarding the ecology of and disease associated with these serious human pathogens are presented. Priorities for future research suggest an integration of the ecology and evolution of these and other host-virus ecosystems through modeling and hypothesis-driven research with the risk of emergence, host switching/spillover, and disease transmission to humans.
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31
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Johansson P, Yap G, Low HT, Siew CC, Kek R, Ng LC, Bucht G. Molecular characterization of two hantavirus strains from different rattus species in Singapore. Virol J 2010; 7:15. [PMID: 20096099 PMCID: PMC2823670 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hantaviruses cause human disease in endemic regions around the world. Outbreaks of hantaviral diseases have been associated with changes in rodent population density and adaptation to human settlements leading to their proliferation in close proximity to human dwellings. In a parallel study initiated to determine the prevalence of pathogens in Singapore's wild rodent population, 1206 rodents were trapped and screened. The findings established a hantavirus seroprevalence of 34%. This paper describes the molecular characterization of hantaviruses from Rattus norvegicus and Rattus tanezumi, the predominant rodents caught in urban Singapore. Methodology Pan-hanta RT-PCR performed on samples of Rattus norvegicus and Rattus tanezumi indicated that 27 (2.24%) of the animals were positive. sequence analysis of the S and M segments established that two different hantavirus strains circulate in the rodent population of Singapore. Notably, the hantavirus strains found in Rattus norvegicus clusters with other Asian Seoul virus sequences, while the virus strains found in Rattus tanezumi had the highest sequence similarity to the Serang virus from Rattus tanezumi in Indonesia, followed by Cambodian hantavirus isolates and the Thailand virus isolated from Bandicota indica. Conclusions Sequence analysis of the S and M segments of hantavirus strains found in Rattus norvegicus (Seoul virus strain Singapore) and Rattus tanezumi (Serang virus strain Jurong TJK/06) revealed that two genetically different hantavirus strains were found in rodents of Singapore. Evidently, together with Serang, Cambodian and Thailand virus the Jurong virus forms a distinct phylogroup. Interestingly, these highly similar virus strains have been identified in different rodent hosts. Further studies are underway to analyze the public health significance of finding hantavirus strains in Singapore rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Johansson
- DSO National Laboratories, 20 Science Park Drive, 118230, Singapore
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32
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Machado AM, de Figueiredo GG, Sabino dos Santos Jr G, Figueiredo LTM. Laboratory diagnosis of human hantavirus infection: novel insights and future potential. Future Virol 2009. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.09.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Infections by Hantavirus (Bunyaviridae) can cause severe human diseases, such as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Eurasia and cardiopulmonary syndrome in the Americas. These diseases are emergent and became a serious public health problem worldwide. Thus, rapid, sensitive and reliable methods for diagnosis of hantavirus infection are necessary in order to manage patients and control this rodent-borne virosis. Serological methods, such as neutralization tests, immunoblots and enzyme immunoassays using hantavirus-recombinant proteins as antigens, are discussed in this article, as well as new methods such as an immunochromatographic test. Hantavirus genome detection by different kinds of reverse transcription-PCR, including the real-time variant, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Martins Machado
- School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo in Ribeirão Preto, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-14900, Brazil
| | - Glauciane Garcia de Figueiredo
- School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo in Ribeirão Preto, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-14900, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Sabino dos Santos Jr
- School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo in Ribeirão Preto, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-14900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo
- School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo in Ribeirão Preto, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-14900, Brazil
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Abstract
The emerging viral diseases haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) are a cause of global concern as they are increasingly reported from newer regions of the world. The hantavirus species causing HFRS include Hantaan virus,Seoul virus, Puumala virus, and Dobrava-Belgrade virus while Sin Nombre virus was responsible for the 1993 outbreak of HCPS in the Four Corners Region of the US. Humans are accidental hosts and get infected by aerosols generated from contaminated urine,feces and saliva of infected rodents. Rodents are the natural hosts of these viruses and develop persistent infection. Human to human infections are rare and the evolution of the virus depends largely on that of the rodent host. The first hantavirus isolate to be cultured, Thottapalayam virus,is the only indigenous isolate from India,isolated from an insectivore in 1964 in Vellore, South India. Research on hantaviruses in India has been slow but steady since 2005. Serological investigation of patients with pyrexic illness revealed presence of anti-hantavirus IgM antibodies in 14.7% of them. The seropositivity of hantavirus infections in the general population is about 4% and people who live and work in close proximity with rodents have a greater risk of acquiring hantavirus infections. Molecular and serological evidence of hantavirus infections in rodents and man has also been documented in this country. The present review on hantaviruses is to increase awareness of these emerging pathogens and the threats they pose to the public health system.
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Characterization of Imjin virus, a newly isolated hantavirus from the Ussuri white-toothed shrew (Crocidura lasiura). J Virol 2009; 83:6184-91. [PMID: 19357167 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00371-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, the single known exception to the rodent-hantavirus association was Thottapalayam virus (TPMV), a long-unclassified virus isolated from the Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus). Robust gene amplification techniques have now uncovered several genetically distinct hantaviruses from shrews in widely separated geographic regions. Here, we report the characterization of a newly identified hantavirus, designated Imjin virus (MJNV), isolated from the lung tissues of Ussuri white-toothed shrews of the species Crocidura lasiura (order Soricomorpha, family Soricidae, subfamily Crocidurinae) captured near the demilitarized zone in the Republic of Korea during 2004 and 2005. Seasonal trapping revealed the highest prevalence of MJNV infection during the autumn, with evidence of infected shrews' clustering in distinct foci. Also, marked male predominance among anti-MJNV immunoglobulin G antibody-positive Ussuri shrews was found, whereas the male-to-female ratio among seronegative Ussuri shrews was near 1. Plaque reduction neutralization tests showed no cross neutralization for MJNV and rodent-borne hantaviruses but one-way cross neutralization for MJNV and TPMV. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences for the different MJNV genomic segments revealed nearly the same calculated distances from hantaviruses harbored by rodents in the subfamilies Murinae, Arvicolinae, Neotominae, and Sigmodontinae. Phylogenetic analyses of full-length S, M, and L segment sequences demonstrated that MJNV shared a common ancestry with TPMV and remained in a distinct out-group, suggesting early evolutionary divergence. Studies are in progress to determine if MJNV is pathogenic for humans.
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35
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Maes P, Clement J, Van Ranst M. Recent approaches in hantavirus vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2009; 8:67-76. [PMID: 19093774 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.8.1.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rodent-borne hantaviruses are associated with two main clinical disorders in humans: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. Although hantavirus diseases can be life threatening and numerous research efforts are focused on the development of hantavirus prevention, no specific antiviral therapy is yet available and, at this time, no WHO-approved vaccine has gained widespread acceptance. This review will summarize the current knowledge and recent progress as well as new speculative approaches in the development of hantavirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piet Maes
- Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Nakamura I, Yoshimatsu K, Lee BH, Okumura M, Taruishi M, Araki K, Kariwa H, Takashima I, Arikawa J. Development of a serotyping ELISA system for Thailand virus infection. Arch Virol 2008; 153:1537-42. [PMID: 18551243 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-008-0128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To distinguish Thailand virus infection from infections with other hantaviruses, we established an ELISA serotyping system using a truncated nucleocapsid protein of Thailand virus lacking 49 amino acids at the N-terminus. In evaluations using patient and rodent sera, Thailand virus infection was readily distinguished from Hantaan and Seoul virus infections. Therefore, this ELISA system is an effective alternative to neutralization tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Nakamura
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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37
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Song JW, Baek LJ, Schmaljohn CS, Yanagihara R. Thottapalayam virus, a prototype shrewborne hantavirus. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 13:980-5. [PMID: 18214168 PMCID: PMC2254531 DOI: 10.3201/eid1307.070031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This virus is antigenically and phylogenetically distinct from rodent-borne hantaviruses. Thottapalayam virus (TPMV) has been placed in the genus Hantavirus of the family Bunyaviridae by virtue of its morphologic features and overall genetic similarities to well-characterized rodentborne hantaviruses. This virus has been isolated from the Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus); however, whether TPMV is naturally harbored by an insectivore host or represents spillover from a rodent reservoir host is unknown. Our analysis of published and unpublished data on the experimental host range, genetics, and molecular phylogeny of TPMV supports coevolution of TPMV with its nonrodent reservoir host. Future studies on the epizootiology of TPMV and investigations of new shrewborne hantaviruses will provide additional insights into the evolutionary origin of hantaviruses in their rodent and insectivore reservoir hosts. Such investigations may also provide clues about determinants of hantavirus pathogenicity and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Won Song
- Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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38
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Song JW, Gu SH, Bennett SN, Arai S, Puorger M, Hilbe M, Yanagihara R. Seewis virus, a genetically distinct hantavirus in the Eurasian common shrew (Sorex araneus). Virol J 2007; 4:114. [PMID: 17967200 PMCID: PMC2186316 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-4-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 20 years ago, hantaviral antigens were reported in tissues of the Eurasian common shrew (Sorex araneus), Eurasian water shrew (Neomys fodiens) and common mole (Talpa europea), suggesting that insectivores, or soricomorphs, might serve as reservoirs of unique hantaviruses. Using RT-PCR, sequences of a genetically distinct hantavirus, designated Seewis virus (SWSV), were amplified from lung tissue of a Eurasian common shrew, captured in October 2006 in Graubünden, Switzerland. Pair-wise analysis of the full-length S and partial M and L segments of SWSV indicated approximately 55%–72% similarity with hantaviruses harbored by Murinae, Arvicolinae, Neotominae and Sigmodontinae rodents. Phylogenetically, SWSV grouped with other recently identified shrew-borne hantaviruses. Intensified efforts are underway to clarify the genetic diversity of SWSV throughout the geographic range of the Eurasian common shrew, as well as to determine its relevance to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, 5-ga, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
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39
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Yadav PD, Vincent MJ, Nichol ST. Thottapalayam virus is genetically distant to the rodent-borne hantaviruses, consistent with its isolation from the Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus). Virol J 2007; 4:80. [PMID: 17711577 PMCID: PMC1997112 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-4-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thottapalayam (TPM) virus belongs to the genus Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae. The genomes of hantaviruses consist of three negative-stranded RNA segments (S, M and L) encoding the virus nucleocapsid (N), glycoprotein (Gn, Gc), and polymerase (L) proteins, respectively. The genus Hantavirus contains predominantly rodent-borne viruses, with the prominent exception of TPM virus which was isolated in India in 1964 from an insectivore, Suncus murinus, commonly referred to as the Asian house shrew or brown musk shrew. Analysis of the available TPM virus S (1530 nt) RNA genome segment sequence and the newly derived M (3621 nt) and L (6581 nt) segment sequences demonstrate that the entire TPM virus genome is very unique. Remarkably high sequence differences are seen at the nucleotide (up to S – 47%, M – 49%, L – 38%) and protein (up to N – 54%, Gn/Gc – 57% and L – 39%) levels relative to the rodent-borne hantaviruses, consistent with TPM virus having a unique host association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya D Yadav
- Special Pathogen Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne, and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
- Microbial Containment Complex, National Institute of Virology, 130/1 Sus Road, Pashan, Pune 21, Maharashtra 411021, India
| | - Martin J Vincent
- Special Pathogen Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne, and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Special Pathogen Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne, and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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40
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Evander M, Eriksson I, Pettersson L, Juto P, Ahlm C, Olsson GE, Bucht G, Allard A. Puumala hantavirus viremia diagnosed by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR using samples from patients with hemorrhagic fever and renal syndrome. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:2491-7. [PMID: 17537944 PMCID: PMC1951205 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01902-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Puumala virus (PUUV) is the endemic hantavirus in northern Sweden and causes nephropathia epidemica (NE), a milder form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. There is a need for fast and reliable diagnostics to differentiate the disease from other infections. By aligning virus RNA sequences isolated from 11 different bank voles and one human patient, we designed a real-time reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR method for detection of PUUV RNA. The real-time RT-PCR assay showed linearity from 20 to 2 x 10(6) virus copies with a correlation coefficient above 0.98 to 0.99 for all experiments. The detection threshold for PUUV cDNA was two copies per reaction. A two-step qualitative RT-PCR to detect PUUV RNA showed 100% concordance with the real-time RT-PCR assay. PUUV RNA viremia was detected in 33 of 34 PUUV immunoglobulin M (IgM)-positive patients with typical clinical NE disease from the region of endemicity. One PUUV IgM-negative sample had PUUV RNA, and 4 days later, the patient was IgM positive. Of samples with indeterminate IgM, 43% were PUUV RNA positive. The kinetics of antibody titers and PUUV viremia were studied, and five of six NE patients displayed a decrease in PUUV viremia a few days after disease outbreak coupled with an increase in PUUV IgM and IgG. In one patient with continuously high PUUV RNA levels but low IgM and no IgG response, the infection was lethal. These findings demonstrated that real-time RT-PCR is a useful method for diagnosis of PUUV viremia and for detecting PUUV RNA at early time points, before the appearance of IgM antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Evander
- Department of Virology, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden.
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41
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Bermingham A, Henrickson K, Hayden F, Zambon M. VII International Symposium on Respiratory Viral Infections. Antivir Ther 2007. [DOI: 10.1177/135965350701200s09.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The VII International Symposium on Respiratory Viral Infections was a multidisciplinary forum for the presentation of recent advances in respiratory virus research with special emphasis on antiviral therapies and vaccine strategies. Topics covered in invited lectures included detection of novel respiratory viral pathogens and viral evolution, characterization of the 1918 pandemic virus, human metapneumovirus infections, human respiratory epithelial cultures for studying viral pathogenesis, the role of respiratory viruses in the pathogenesis of asthma, influenza-bacterial interactions, advances in generating vaccine candidates against global respiratory threats like avian influenza and SARS, antiviral resistance surveillance in influenza viruses, and a mini-symposium on advances in viral diagnostics. Other talks covered the live, attenuated intranasal influenza vaccine, monoclonals for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), mechanisms of antiviral resistance in influenza B, and novel inhibitors for influenza, RSV and rhinovirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frederick Hayden
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA and Global Influenza Program, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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42
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Maes P, Li S, Verbeeck J, Keyaerts E, Clement J, Van Ranst M. Evaluation of the efficacy of disinfectants against Puumala hantavirus by real-time RT-PCR. J Virol Methods 2006; 141:111-5. [PMID: 17188760 PMCID: PMC7185759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Puumala virus, a hantavirus belonging to the Bunyaviridae family, causes a human disease known as nephropathia epidemica, a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. The implementation of effective decontamination procedures is critical in hantavirus research to minimize the risk of personnel exposure. This study investigated the efficacy of Clidox®, Dettol®, ethanol, Halamid-d®, peracetic acid, sodium hypochloride and Virkon®S for inactivating Puumala virus. A real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to quantify Puumala virus before and after treatment with these products. Inactivation of Puumala virus was effective after 10 min with all products except ethanol. Inactivation with absolute ethanol was effective only after 30 min. Using the qRT-PCR method, this study has shown that the commercially available products Clidox®, Halamid-d® and Virkon®S in particular represent a rapid and safe way to decontaminate surfaces with possible Puumala virus contamination. These products can be used in solutions of 1–2%, with contact times greater than 10 min, for inactivating effectively Puumala virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piet Maes
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Corresponding author at: Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Rega Institute, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B3000 Leuven, Belgium. Tel.: +32 16 332166; fax: +32 16 332131.
| | - Sandra Li
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jannick Verbeeck
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Keyaerts
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Clement
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Van Ranst
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Okumura M, Yoshimatsu K, Kumperasart S, Nakamura I, Ogino M, Taruishi M, Sungdee A, Pattamadilok S, Ibrahim IN, Erlina S, Agui T, Yanagihara R, Arikawa J. Development of serological assays for Thottapalayam virus, an insectivore-borne Hantavirus. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2006; 14:173-81. [PMID: 17182762 PMCID: PMC1797798 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00347-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Thottapalayam virus (TPMV), a member of the genus Hantavirus in the family Bunyaviridae, was isolated from an insectivore, Suncus murinus (musk shrew), captured in southern India in 1964. While the isolation of TPMV predates the discovery of the prototype Hantaan virus, little is known about its genetics and biology. To date, preliminary evidence suggests that TPMV differs significantly, both antigenically and genetically, from all known rodent-borne hantaviruses. However, since detailed epizootiological studies have not been conducted, it is unclear if TPMV is naturally harbored by an insectivore host or if TPMV represents a "spillover" from its natural rodent reservoir host. Moreover, to what extent TPMV causes infection and/or disease in humans is not known. To address these issues, we first studied the antigenic profile of TPMV using monoclonal antibodies against Hantaan and Seoul viruses and polyclonal immune sera against Puumala virus and TPMV. Armed with this newfound information, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system for the diagnosis of TPMV infections in shrews and humans, using a recombinant TPMV N antigen manipulated to have an E5/G6 epitope to be captured by monoclonal antibody clone E5/G6. Using this assay, we found anti-TPMV antibodies in sera from a patient with high fever of unknown etiology in Thailand and from two shrews captured in Indonesia. Seropositivity was verified by the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test, Western blotting analysis, and focus reduction neutralization test. Collectively, our data indicate that TPMV is harbored by Suncus murinus as its host in nature and is capable of infecting humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Okumura
- Institute for Animal Experimentation, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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Augot D, Muller D, Demerson JM, Boué F, Caillot C, Cliquet F. Dynamics of Puumala virus infection in bank voles in Ardennes department (France). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:572-7. [PMID: 17027178 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2006.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 07/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The hantaviruses (genus Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae) include human pathogens and occur worldwide. In Western and Central Europe, the predominant serotype is Puumala (PUU) virus, which causes epidemic nephropathy. Voles are considered to be the main reservoir and the vector of PUU virus. A total of 719 rodents (mainly Clethrionomys glareolus, Apodemus sp.) trapped by capture-mark-recapture (CMR) in four sites in Ardennes department (France) between April 2004 and October 2005 were tested for the presence of PUU virus antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The predominant species, C. glareolus (86.5% [622 of 719]), also had the highest antibody prevalence (37.6% [291 of 773]). In C. glareolus, the antibody prevalence rate increased with age (weight) in site A, B and D, reaching more than 50% in the heaviest weight, and suggesting that horizontal infection may be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Augot
- AFSSA Nancy, laboratoire d'études et de recherches sur la rage et la pathologie des animaux sauvages, WHO/OIE Collaborating centre for research and management in zoonoses control, 54220 Malzéville cedex, France.
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45
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Li G, Pan L, Mou D, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Ren J, Wang P, Zhang Y, Jia Z, Huang C, Sun Y, Yang W, Xiao SY, Bai X. Characterization of truncated hantavirus nucleocapsid proteins and their application for serotyping. J Med Virol 2006; 78:926-32. [PMID: 16721853 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a fulminant infectious disease characterized by fever, hemorrhage, renal impairment, and thrombocytopenia. Hantaviruses associated with this belong to different serotypes: Hantaan (HTN), Seoul (SEO), Dobrava/Belgrade (DOB), and Puumala (PUU). The first two, HTN and SEO, are endemic in China. To investigate the epidemiology of HFRS and virus transmission in China, we constructed prokaryotic plasmids encoding truncated recombinant HTN and SEO nucleocapsid proteins (NPs), which lacked 154 amino acid (aa), 99 aa, or 49 aa in the N-terminal region, respectively. After expression, the truncated rNPs were tested as serotyping antigens, particularly for use in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, 68 acute and 52 convalescent sera were collected from HFRS patients from Harbin, Lantian, and Kaifeng regions in China in 2004, which had hantavirus specific antibodies by IFA. A neutralization test was used to differentiate these, which showed that 73 were due to HTN infection, 33 to SEO infection, and 14 undetermined. By ELISA, the truncated rNPs, that lacked 99 (rNP100) or 49 (rNP50) N-terminal amino acids of the NPs of HTN and SEO, were able to differentiate HTNV and SEOV-specific immune sera, but the rNP155 could not. Particularly, the ELISAs based on the rNP50s had a result comparable to PRNT. Thus, the rNP50 is recommended as efficient serotyping antigen for hantavirus infection diagnosis by ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Aitichou M, Saleh SS, McElroy AK, Schmaljohn C, Ibrahim MS. Identification of Dobrava, Hantaan, Seoul, and Puumala viruses by one-step real-time RT-PCR. J Virol Methods 2005; 124:21-6. [PMID: 15664046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2004] [Revised: 10/13/2004] [Accepted: 10/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We developed four assays for specifically identifying Dobrava (DOB), Hantaan (HTN), Puumala (PUU), and Seoul (SEO) viruses. The assays are based on the real-time one-step reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with the small segment used as the target sequence. The detection limits of DOB, HTN, PUU, and SEO assays were 25, 25, 25, and 12.5 plaque-forming units, respectively. The assays were evaluated in blinded experiments, each with 100 samples that contained Andes, Black Creek Canal, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley fever and Sin Nombre viruses in addition to DOB, HTN, PUU and SEO viruses. The sensitivity levels of the DOB, HTN, PUU, and SEO assays were 98%, 96%, 92% and 94%, respectively. The specificity of DOB, HTN and SEO assays was 100% and the specificity of the PUU assay was 98%. Because of the high levels of sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility, we believe that these assays can be useful for diagnosing and differentiating these four Old-World hantaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Aitichou
- Clinical Research Management, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
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47
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Estrada-Franco JG, Navarro-Lopez R, Freier JE, Cordova D, Clements T, Moncayo A, Kang W, Gomez-Hernandez C, Rodriguez-Dominguez G, Ludwig GV, Weaver SC. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, southern Mexico. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 10:2113-21. [PMID: 15663847 PMCID: PMC3323369 DOI: 10.3201/eid1012.040393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine epizootics of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) occurred in the southern Mexican states of Chiapas in 1993 and Oaxaca in 1996. To assess the impact of continuing circulation of VEE virus (VEEV) on human and animal populations, serologic and viral isolation studies were conducted in 2000 to 2001 in Chiapas State. Human serosurveys and risk analyses indicated that long-term endemic transmission of VEEV occurred among villages with seroprevalence levels of 18% to 75% and that medical personnel had a high risk for VEEV exposure. Seroprevalence in wild animals suggested cotton rats as possible reservoir hosts in the region. Virus isolations from sentinel animals and genetic characterizations of these strains indicated continuing circulation of a subtype IE genotype, which was isolated from equines during the recent VEE outbreaks. These data indicate long-term enzootic and endemic VEEV circulation in the region and continued risk for disease in equines and humans.
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48
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Maes P, Clement J, Gavrilovskaya I, Van Ranst M. Hantaviruses: Immunology, Treatment, and Prevention. Viral Immunol 2004; 17:481-97. [PMID: 15671746 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2004.17.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses are rodent-borne bunyaviruses that are associated with two main clinical diseases in humans: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. It has been suggested that host-related immune mechanisms rather than direct viral cytopathology may be responsible for the principal abnormality (vascular dysfunction) in these syndromes. This review summarizes the current knowledge on hantaviral host immune responses, immune abnormalities, laboratory diagnosis, and antiviral therapy as well as the current approaches in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piet Maes
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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49
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Reynes JM, Soares JL, Hüe T, Bouloy M, Sun S, Kruy SL, Flye Sainte Marie F, Zeller H. Evidence of the presence of Seoul virus in Cambodia. Microbes Infect 2003; 5:769-73. [PMID: 12850202 DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(03)00149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted in agricultural and urban areas in Cambodia to assess the presence of hantaviruses in rodent populations. In 1998, rodents were trapped in two villages and in Phnom Penh city around market places and a rubbish dump. IgG antibodies to Hantaan virus were detected in 54 (8.2%) rodents among 660 tested: 6.4% (13/203) among roof rats (Rattus rattus), 20.9% (39/187) among Norway rats (R. norvegicus), 16.7% (2/12) among unidentified Rattus species and none in 183 Polynesian rats (R. exulans) or in 75 bandicoot rats (Bandicota sp.). The presence of the viral genome was detected by a reverse transcription-PCR amplifying part of the sequence coding for the nucleoprotein in the S segment, in 87% of the seropositive rodents. Thirty-one representative cDNAs were sequenced. Phylogenetic studies of the sequences indicated a close relationship with Seoul virus. However, the Cambodian Seoul virus sequences clustered within two different phylogenetic lineages, one associated with R. rattus and the other with R. norvegicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Reynes
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, 5 boulevard Monivong, BP 983, Phnom Penh, Royaume du Cambodge, Cambodia.
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Abstract
When hantaviruses hit the headlines with the advent in May 1993 of a new disease in the USA, and later in the New World from Canada to south Argentina, called "hantavirus pulmonary syndrome" (HPS), speculations in the lay press rose from the very beginning around the possibilities of a biological warfare (BW) weapon. Indeed, the responsible agent of HPS, hantavirus, was almost unknown at that moment in the New World, was airborne, seemed to target preferentially young adults, and induced a devastating cardio-pulmonary collapse with a high case-fatality rate (50%), often within hours. It quickly became clear, however, that the same scourge had been known for many years in the Old World under different and mostly milder presentations. With the rapidly increasing knowledge about hantaviruses, it also became clear that they lack many of the potentials of an "ideal" BW weapon, as will be explained in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P Clement
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute and Leuven University Hospitals, Kapucijnenvoer 33, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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