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Qureshi IZ, Razzaq A, Naz SS. Testing of acute and sub-acute toxicity profile of novel naproxen sodium nanoformulation in male and female mice. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 150:105650. [PMID: 38782233 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Nanodrugs offer promising alternatives to conventionally used over the counter drugs. Compared to its free form, therapeutic benefits, and gastric tissue safety of naproxen sodium nanoformulation (NpNF) were recently demonstrated. Essential regulatory safety data for this formulation are, however, not available. To address this, male and female BALB/c mice were subjected to acute and 14-day repeated-oral dose assessments. Our data indicate that NpNF was well tolerated up to 2000 mg/kg b.w. A 14-day subacute toxicity testing revealed that the oral administration of low dose (30 mg/kg) NpNF did not produce any adverse effects on blood profile and serum biochemical parameters. Levels of oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes neared normal. Histology of selected tissues also showed no evidence of toxicity. In contrast, a ten-fold increase in NpNF dosage (300 mg/kg), demonstrated, irrespective of gender, mild to moderate toxicity (p < 0.05) in the brain, stomach, and heart tissues, while ROS, LPO, CAT, SOD, POD, and GSH levels remained unaffected in the liver, kidney, spleen, testis, and seminal vesicles. No effect on serum biochemical parameters, overall indicated a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) is 300 mg/kg. Further increase in dosage (1000 mg/kg) significantly altered all parameters demonstrating that high dose is toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Zia Qureshi
- Laboratory of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Zoology (Animal Sciences), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-a-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Ayesha Razzaq
- Laboratory of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Zoology (Animal Sciences), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-a-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Sohaila Naz
- Nanosciences and Technology Department, National Centre for Physics, Quaid-a- Azam University Campus, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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2
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Timpani CA, Rasmussen L, Rybalka E. Adenylosuccinic Acid Is a Non-Toxic Small Molecule In Vitro and In Vivo. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1458. [PMID: 37895929 PMCID: PMC10609790 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenylosuccinic acid (ASA) is a small molecule dicarboxylate that could be a strong clinical development candidate for inherited myopathies involving dysregulated purine nucleotide metabolism. Currently, there are no published pharmacokinetic/dynamic or toxicology data available, although 10-year clinical trial data on Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients suggests it is a chronically safe drug. In this study, we tested the toxicity of ASA to cultured myoblasts in vitro and its acute systemic toxicity in mice. ASA is a non-toxic small molecule with an LD50 > 5000 mg/kg. Some background necrotic foci in the liver, kidney and gastrointestinal tract were shown that are likely incidental but warrant follow-up sub-/chronic oral exposure studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara A. Timpani
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
- Inherited and Acquired Myopathy Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
- Department of Medicine—Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | | | - Emma Rybalka
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
- Inherited and Acquired Myopathy Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
- Department of Medicine—Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
- Division of Neuropaediatrics and Developmental Medicine, University Children’s Hospital of Basel (UKBB), 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Mačianskienė R, Zigmantaitė V, Andriulė I, Pangonytė D, Sadauskienė I, Arandarčikaitė O, Stankevičius A, Grigas J, Pautienius A, Treinys R, Navalinskas A, Grigalevičiūtė R, Kučinskas A, Pudžiuvelytė L, Bernatonienė J, Jurevičius J. Acute and Sub-Chronic Intraperitoneal Toxicity Studies of the Elsholtzia ciliata Herbal Extract in Balb/c Mice. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2417. [PMID: 37896177 PMCID: PMC10610345 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Elsholtzia ciliata essential oil (E. ciliata) has been reported to have an impact on the cardiovascular system. However, its toxicity remains unknown. Therefore, the objective of this investigation was to evaluate the toxicological aspects of the E. ciliata extract. Male Balb/c mice were subjected to either acute (a single dose administered for 24 h) or sub-chronic (daily dose for 60 days) intraperitoneal injections of the E. ciliata extract. The mice were assessed for blood hematological/biochemical profiles, mitochondrial functions, and histopathological changes. Additionally, in vitro cytotoxicity assessments of the E. ciliata extract were performed on immobilized primate kidney cells (MARC-145, Vero) and rat liver cells (WBF344) to evaluate cell viability. The control groups received an equivalent volume of olive oil or saline. Our results demonstrated no significant detrimental effects on hematological and biochemical parameters, mitochondrial functions, cellular cytotoxicity, or pathological alterations in vital organs following the intraperitoneal administration of the E. ciliata extract over the 60-day sub-chronic toxicity study. In general, E. ciliata displayed no indications of toxicity, suggesting that the E. ciliata extract is a safe natural product with a well-defined therapeutic and protective index (found to be 90 and 54, respectively) in Balb/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Mačianskienė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.Z.); (I.A.); (D.P.); (R.T.); (A.N.); (J.J.)
| | - Vilma Zigmantaitė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.Z.); (I.A.); (D.P.); (R.T.); (A.N.); (J.J.)
| | - Inga Andriulė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.Z.); (I.A.); (D.P.); (R.T.); (A.N.); (J.J.)
| | - Dalia Pangonytė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.Z.); (I.A.); (D.P.); (R.T.); (A.N.); (J.J.)
| | - Ilona Sadauskienė
- Institute of Neuroscience, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (I.S.); (O.A.)
| | - Odeta Arandarčikaitė
- Institute of Neuroscience, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (I.S.); (O.A.)
| | - Arūnas Stankevičius
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.S.); (J.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Juozas Grigas
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.S.); (J.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Arnoldas Pautienius
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.S.); (J.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Rimantas Treinys
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.Z.); (I.A.); (D.P.); (R.T.); (A.N.); (J.J.)
| | - Antanas Navalinskas
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.Z.); (I.A.); (D.P.); (R.T.); (A.N.); (J.J.)
| | - Ramunė Grigalevičiūtė
- Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Audrius Kučinskas
- Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Lauryna Pudžiuvelytė
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.P.); (J.B.)
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurga Bernatonienė
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.P.); (J.B.)
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jonas Jurevičius
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.Z.); (I.A.); (D.P.); (R.T.); (A.N.); (J.J.)
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Kapnisis K, Stylianou A, Kokkinidou D, Martin A, Wang D, Anderson PG, Prokopi M, Papastefanou C, Brott BC, Lemons JE, Anayiotos A. Multilevel Assessment of Stent-Induced Inflammation in the Adjacent Vascular Tissue. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4747-4760. [PMID: 37480152 PMCID: PMC10428095 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
A recent U.S. Food and Drug Administration report presented the currently available scientific information related to biological response to metal implants. In this work, a multilevel approach was employed to assess the implant-induced and biocorrosion-related inflammation in the adjacent vascular tissue using a mouse stent implantation model. The implications of biocorrosion on peri-implant tissue were assessed at the macroscopic level via in vivo imaging and histomorphology. Elevated matrix metalloproteinase activity, colocalized with the site of implantation, and histological staining indicated that stent surface condition and implantation time affect the inflammatory response and subsequent formation and extent of neointima. Hematological measurements also demonstrated that accumulated metal particle contamination in blood samples from corroded-stetted mice causes a stronger immune response. At the cellular level, the stent-induced alterations in the nanostructure, cytoskeleton, and mechanical properties of circulating lymphocytes were investigated. It was found that cells from corroded-stented samples exhibited higher stiffness, in terms of Young's modulus values, compared to noncorroded and sham-stented samples. Nanomechanical modifications were also accompanied by cellular remodeling, through alterations in cell morphology and stress (F-actin) fiber characteristics. Our analysis indicates that surface wear and elevated metal particle contamination, prompted by corroded stents, may contribute to the inflammatory response and the multifactorial process of in-stent restenosis. The results also suggest that circulating lymphocytes could be a novel nanomechanical biomarker for peri-implant tissue inflammation and possibly the early stage of in-stent restenosis. Large-scale studies are warranted to further investigate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kapnisis
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Stylianou
- School
of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
- Department
of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
| | - Despoina Kokkinidou
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
| | - Adam Martin
- Department
of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0111, United States
| | - Dezhi Wang
- Department
of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0111, United States
| | - Peter G. Anderson
- Department
of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0111, United States
| | - Marianna Prokopi
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
| | | | - Brigitta C. Brott
- Department
of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0111, United States
| | - Jack E. Lemons
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0111, United States
| | - Andreas Anayiotos
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
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5
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Kinyi HW, Kato CD, Tusubira D, Kiwanuka GN. Comparison of the Nutritional Status of Swiss Albino Mice Fed on Either a Purified or Cereal-Based Diet for 15 weeks. Biochem Res Int 2023; 2023:9121174. [PMID: 37293435 PMCID: PMC10247330 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9121174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Laboratory animals are commonly fed on cereal-based diets (CBDs) whose nutrient composition is unknown and may confound the metabolic response to study interventions. Purified diets such as AIN-93M are therefore recommended, as their nutrient composition is known. However, few studies have evaluated their use as adequate control diets. The aim of this study was to compare the nutrition status of Swiss albino mice fed on either CBD or AIN-93M for 15 weeks. Methods Twenty Swiss albino mice aged 6-8 weeks and weighing 21.7 g ± 0.6 were fed on either CBD or AIN-93M diet for 15 weeks. Their nutritional status was evaluated using anthropometric and hematological indices, serum glucose, total protein, albumin, and total cholesterol to select an appropriate normal control diet. Results The CBD had low-calorie content (2.57 kcal/g) and protein (11 ± 3.8 g/100 g) compared to AIN-93M (3.8 kcal/g and 14 g/100 g, respectively). The BMI of male mice fed on CBD and AIN-93M diets was significantly higher (P=0.0139 and P=0.0325, respectively) compared to that of females fed on similar diets. Animals in the CBD group had lower hemoglobin (15.1-16.9 g/dl) compared to those in the AIN-93M group (18.1-20.8 g/dl). Serum albumin levels were higher in both male (P=0.001) and female (P=3 × 10-6) mice fed on AIN-93M compared to those fed on CBD. Females in the AIN-93M group had higher cholesterol (P=0.026) than those in the CBD group. Conclusion The AIN-93 diet of caloric value 3.85 kcal/g (total protein 14 g, total fat 4 g of soy bean oil, fibre 5 g, and total carbohydrate 42 g per 100 g) can be safely used as a normal control diet in long-term research studies using Swiss albino mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen W. Kinyi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kabale University, P.O. Box 317, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Charles Drago Kato
- School of Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Laboratory Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resource and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Deusdedit Tusubira
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Gertrude N. Kiwanuka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
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Timaru-Kast R, Coronel-Castello SP, Krämer TJ, Hugonnet AV, Schäfer MKE, Sebastiani A, Thal SC. AT 1 inhibition mediated neuroprotection after experimental traumatic brain injury is dependent on neutrophils in male mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7413. [PMID: 37150755 PMCID: PMC10164737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
After traumatic brain injury (TBI) cerebral inflammation with invasion of neutrophils and lymphocytes is a crucial factor in the process of secondary brain damage. In TBI the intrinsic renin-angiotensin system is an important mediator of cerebral inflammation, as inhibition of the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) reduces secondary brain damage and the invasion of neutrophil granulocytes into injured cerebral tissue. The current study explored the involvement of immune cells in neuroprotection mediated by AT1 inhibition following experimental TBI. Four different cohorts of male mice were examined, investigating the effects of neutropenia (anti-Ly6G antibody mediated neutrophil depletion; C57BL/6), lymphopenia (RAG1 deficiency, RAG1-/-), and their combination with candesartan-mediated AT1 inhibition. The present results showed that reduction of neutrophils and lymphocytes, as well as AT1 inhibition in wild type and RAG1-/- mice, reduced brain damage and neuroinflammation after TBI. However, in neutropenic mice, candesartan did not have an effect. Interestingly, AT1 inhibition was found to be neuroprotective in RAG1-/- mice but not in neutropenic mice. The findings suggest that AT1 inhibition may exert neuroprotection by reducing the inflammation caused by neutrophils, ultimately leading to a decrease in their invasion into cerebral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Timaru-Kast
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Shila P Coronel-Castello
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias J Krämer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Strasse 50, 58455, Witten, Germany
| | - André V Hugonnet
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael K E Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anne Sebastiani
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, HELIOS University Hospital Wuppertal, University of Witten/Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Serge C Thal
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, HELIOS University Hospital Wuppertal, University of Witten/Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany
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Park JY, Hewawaduge C, Sivasankar C, Lloren KKS, Oh B, So MY, Lee JH. An mRNA-Based Multiple Antigenic Gene Expression System Delivered by Engineered Salmonella for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome and Assessment of Its Immunogenicity and Protection Using a Human DC-SIGN-Transduced Mouse Model. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051339. [PMID: 37242581 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are no commercial vaccines or therapeutics against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus. This study explored an engineered Salmonella as a vaccine carrier to deliver a eukaryotic self-mRNA replicating vector, pJHL204. This vector expresses multiple SFTS virus antigenic genes for the nucleocapsid protein (NP), glycoprotein precursor (Gn/Gc), and nonstructural protein (NS) to induce host immune responses. The engineered constructs were designed and validated through 3D structure modeling. Western blot and qRT-PCR analyses of transformed HEK293T cells confirmed the delivery and expression of the vaccine antigens. Significantly, mice immunized with these constructs demonstrated a cell-mediated and humoral response as balanced Th1/Th2 immunity. The JOL2424 and JOL2425 delivering NP and Gn/Gc generated strong immunoglobulin IgG and IgM antibodies and high neutralizing titers. To further examine the immunogenicity and protection, we utilized a human DC-SIGN receptor transduced mouse model for SFTS virus infection by an adeno-associated viral vector system. Among the SFTSV antigen constructs, the construct with full-length NP and Gn/Gc and the construct with NP and selected Gn/Gc epitopes induced robust cellular and humoral immune responses. These were followed by adequate protection based on viral titer reduction and reduced histopathological lesions in the spleen and liver. In conclusion, these data indicate that recombinant attenuated Salmonella JOL2424 and JOL2425 delivering NP and Gn/Gc antigens of SFTSV are promising vaccine candidates that induce strong humoral and cellular immune responses and protection against SFTSV. Moreover, the data proved that the hDC-SIGN transduced mice as a worthy tool for immunogenicity study for SFTSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Park
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamith Hewawaduge
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Chandran Sivasankar
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Khristine Kaith S Lloren
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungkwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young So
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
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8
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Bodera FJ, McVey MJ, Sathiyamoorthy K, Kolios MC. Detection of clot formation & lysis In-Vitro using high frequency photoacoustic imaging & frequency analysis. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 30:100487. [PMID: 37095887 PMCID: PMC10122060 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Clotting is a physiological process that prevents blood loss after injury. An imbalance in clotting factors can lead to lethal consequences such as exsanguination or inappropriate thrombosis. Clinical methods to monitor clotting and fibrinolysis typically measure the viscoelasticity of whole blood or optical density of plasma over time. Though these methods provide insights into clotting and fibrinolysis, they require milliliters of blood which can worsen anemia or only provide partial information. To overcome these limitations, a high-frequency photoacoustic (HFPA) imaging system was developed to detect clotting and lysis in blood. Clotting was initiated in vitro in reconstituted blood using thrombin and lysed with urokinase plasminogen activator. Frequency spectra measured using HFPA signals (10-40 MHz) between non-clotted blood and clotted blood differed markedly, allowing tracking of clot initiation and lysis in volumes of blood as low as 25 µL/test. HFPA imaging shows potential as a point-of-care examination of coagulation and fibrinolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip J. Bodera
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- SickKids Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Correspondence to: Department of Physics Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON M5B2K3, Canada.
| | - Mark J. McVey
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
- SickKids Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Krishnan Sathiyamoorthy
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael C. Kolios
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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9
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Okadome Y, Morinaga J, Yamanouchi Y, Matsunaga E, Fukami H, Kadomatsu T, Horiguchi H, Sato M, Sugizaki T, Hayata M, Sakaguchi T, Hirayama R, Ishimura T, Kuwabara T, Usuku K, Yamamoto T, Mukoyama M, Suzuki R, Fukui T, Oike Y. Increased numbers of pre-operative circulating monocytes predict risk of developing cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury in conditions requiring cardio pulmonary bypass. Clin Exp Nephrol 2023; 27:329-339. [PMID: 36576647 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-022-02313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluating patients' risk for acute kidney injury (AKI) is crucial for positive outcomes following cardiac surgery. Our aims were first to select candidate risk factors from pre- or intra-operative real-world parameters collected from routine medical care and then evaluate potential associations between those parameters and risk of onset of post-operative cardiac surgery-associated AKI (CSA-AKI). METHOD We conducted two cohort studies in Japan. The first was a single-center prospective cohort study (n = 145) to assess potential association between 115 clinical parameters collected from routine medical care and CSA-AKI (≥ Stage1) risk in the population of patients undergoing cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). To select candidate risk factors, we employed random forest analysis and applied survival analyses to evaluate association strength. In a second retrospective cohort study, we targeted patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB (n = 619) and evaluated potential positive associations between CSA-AKI incidence and risk factors suggested by the first cohort study. RESULTS Variable selection analysis revealed that parameters in clinical categories such as circulating inflammatory cells, CPB-related parameters, ventilation, or aging were potential CSA-AKI risk factors. Survival analyses revealed that increased counts of pre-operative circulating monocytes and neutrophils were associated with CSA-AKI incidence. Finally, in the second cohort study, we found that increased pre-operative circulating monocyte counts were associated with increased CSA-AKI incidence. CONCLUSIONS Circulating monocyte counts in the pre-operative state are associated with increased risk of CSA-AKI development. This finding may be useful in stratifying patients for risk of developing CSA-AKI in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okadome
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital, 2-1-1, Nagamine-Minami, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 861-8520, Japan
| | - Jun Morinaga
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Yamanouchi
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Eiji Matsunaga
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Fukami
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kadomatsu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Haruki Horiguchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Michio Sato
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Taichi Sugizaki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Manabu Hayata
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital, 2-1-1, Nagamine-Minami, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 861-8520, Japan
| | - Ryo Hirayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital, 2-1-1, Nagamine-Minami, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 861-8520, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Ishimura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takashige Kuwabara
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Koichiro Usuku
- Medical Information Science and Administration Planning, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masashi Mukoyama
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital, 2-1-1, Nagamine-Minami, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 861-8520, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Fukui
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuichi Oike
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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10
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Park JY, Chandran S, Hewawaduge C, Lee JH. Development and evaluation of a mouse model susceptible to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus by rAAV-based exogenous human DC-SIGN expression. Microb Pathog 2023; 178:106079. [PMID: 36966885 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Experimental animal model is indispensable to evaluate the prophylactic and therapeutic candidates against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). To develop a suitable mouse model for SFTSV infection, we delivered human dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing non-integrin (hDC-SIGN) by adeno-associated virus (AAV2) and validated its susceptibility for SFTSV infection. Western blot and RT-PCR assays confirmed the expression of hDC-SIGN in transduced cell lines and a significantly increased viral infectivity was observed in cells expressing hDC-SIGN. The C57BL/6 mice transduced with AAV2 exhibited a stable hDC-SIGN expression in the organs for 7 days. Upon SFTSV challenge with 1 × 105 FAID50, the mice transduced with rAAV-hDC-SIGN showed a 12.5% mortality and reduced platelet and white blood cell count in accordance with higher viral titer than control group. Liver and spleen samples collected from the transduced mice had pathological signs similar to the IFNAR-/- mice with severe SFTSV infection. Collectively, the rAAV-hDC-SIGN transduced mouse model can be used as an accessible and promising tool for studying the SFTSV pathogenesis and pre-clinical evaluation of vaccines and therapeutics against the SFTSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sivasankar Chandran
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamith Hewawaduge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Natalini A, Simonetti S, Favaretto G, Lucantonio L, Peruzzi G, Muñoz-Ruiz M, Kelly G, Contino AM, Sbrocchi R, Battella S, Capone S, Folgori A, Nicosia A, Santoni A, Hayday AC, Di Rosa F. Improved memory CD8 T cell response to delayed vaccine boost is associated with a distinct molecular signature. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1043631. [PMID: 36865556 PMCID: PMC9973452 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1043631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective secondary response to antigen is a hallmark of immunological memory. However, the extent of memory CD8 T cell response to secondary boost varies at different times after a primary response. Considering the central role of memory CD8 T cells in long-lived protection against viral infections and tumors, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the changing responsiveness of these cells to antigenic challenge would be beneficial. We examined here primed CD8 T cell response to boost in a BALB/c mouse model of intramuscular vaccination by priming with HIV-1 gag-encoding Chimpanzee adenovector, and boosting with HIV-1 gag-encoding Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara. We found that boost was more effective at day(d)100 than at d30 post-prime, as evaluated at d45 post-boost by multi-lymphoid organ assessment of gag-specific CD8 T cell frequency, CD62L-expression (as a guide to memory status) and in vivo killing. RNA-sequencing of splenic gag-primed CD8 T cells at d100 revealed a quiescent, but highly responsive signature, that trended toward a central memory (CD62L+) phenotype. Interestingly, gag-specific CD8 T cell frequency selectively diminished in the blood at d100, relative to the spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow. These results open the possibility to modify prime/boost intervals to achieve an improved memory CD8 T cell secondary response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Natalini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Simonetti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Favaretto
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lucantonio
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Miguel Muñoz-Ruiz
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Kelly
- Bioinformatic and Biostatistics Science and Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alfredo Nicosia
- CEINGE, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Adrian C Hayday
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
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12
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Ledderose C, Hashiguchi N, Valsami EA, Rusu C, Junger WG. Optimized flow cytometry assays to monitor neutrophil activation in human and mouse whole blood samples. J Immunol Methods 2023; 512:113403. [PMID: 36502881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) protect the host from invading microorganisms. However, excessively activated PMNs can also cause damage to host tissues under inflammatory conditions. Here we developed simple assays to determine the activation state of PMNs in human whole blood that contains soluble mediators known to influence PMN functions. Because mouse models are widely used to study the role of PMNs in infectious and inflammatory diseases, we adapted these assays for the rapid and reliable assessment of PMN functions in murine blood samples. Freshly collected whole blood samples were stimulated with agonists of the formyl peptide receptors (FPR) of PMNs and changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the expression of CD11b, CD62L (L-selectin), CD66b, and CD63 on the cell surface were analyzed with flow cytometry. We optimized these assays to minimize inadvertent interferences such as cell stress generated during sample handling and the loss of plasma mediators that regulate PMN functions. Human PMNs readily responded to the FPR agonist N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). The most sensitive responses of human PMNs to fMLP were CD11b, CD62L, and CD66b expression with half maximal effective concentrations (EC50) of 5, 8, and 6 nM fMLP, respectively. CD63 expression and ROS production required markedly higher fMLP concentrations with EC50 values of 19 and 50 nM fMLP, respectively. Mouse PMNs did not respond well to fMLP and required significantly higher concentrations of the FPR agonist WKYMVm (W-peptide) to achieve equivalent cell activation. The most sensitive response of mouse PMNs was ROS production with an EC50 of 38 nM W-peptide. Because mice do not express CD66b, we only assessed the expression of CD62L, CD11b, and CD63 with EC50 values of 54, 119, and 355 nM W-peptide, respectively. Validation of our optimized assays showed that they sensitively detect the responses of human PMNs to priming with endotoxin in vitro as well as the corresponding responses of murine PMNs to bacterial infection in a sepsis model. We conclude that these optimized assays could be useful tools for the monitoring of patients with infections, sepsis, and other inflammatory conditions as well as for the design and interpretation of preclinical studies of these diseases in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Ledderose
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naoyuki Hashiguchi
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Christian Rusu
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Wolfgang G Junger
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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13
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Yamamoto Y, Kadoya K, Terkawi MA, Endo T, Konno K, Watanabe M, Ichihara S, Hara A, Kaneko K, Iwasaki N, Ishijima M. Neutrophils delay repair process in Wallerian degeneration by releasing NETs outside the parenchyma. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/10/e202201399. [PMID: 35961782 PMCID: PMC9375156 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils accumulate at the epineurium in Wallerian degeneration (WD) and inhibit macrophage infiltration from the epineurium into the parenchyma by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps, resulting in the delay of repair processes in WD. Although inflammation is indispensable for the repair process in Wallerian degeneration (WD), the role of neutrophils in the WD repair process remains unclear. After peripheral nerve injury, neutrophils accumulate at the epineurium but not the parenchyma in the WD region because of the blood–nerve barrier. An increase or decrease in the number of neutrophils delayed or promoted macrophage infiltration from the epineurium into the parenchyma and the repair process in WD. Abundant neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were formed around neutrophils, and its inhibition dramatically increased macrophage infiltration into the parenchyma. Furthermore, inhibition of either MIF or its receptor, CXCR4, in neutrophils decreased NET formation, resulting in enhanced macrophage infiltration into the parenchyma. Moreover, inhibiting MIF for just 2 h after peripheral nerve injury promoted the repair process. These findings indicate that neutrophils delay the repair process in WD from outside the parenchyma by inhibiting macrophage infiltration via NET formation and that neutrophils, NETs, MIF, and CXCR4 are therapeutic targets for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Medicine for Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Kadoya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mohamad Alaa Terkawi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kohtarou Konno
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ichihara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kaneko
- Department of Medicine for Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Muneaki Ishijima
- Department of Medicine for Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Faulhaber LD, D’Costa O, Shih AY, Gust J. Antibody-based in vivo leukocyte label for two-photon brain imaging in mice. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:031917. [PMID: 35637871 PMCID: PMC9128835 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.3.031917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Significance: To study leukocyte-endothelial interactions in a living system, robust and specific leukocyte labeling techniques are needed for in vivo two-photon microscopy of the cerebral microvasculature. Aim: We tested fluorophore-conjugated anti-CD45.2 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to optimize dosing and two-photon imaging parameters for leukocyte labeling in healthy mice and a venous microstroke model. Approach: We retro-orbitally injected anti-CD45.2 mAb at 0.04, 0.4, and 2 mg / kg into BALB/c mice and used flow cytometry to analyze antibody saturation. Leukocyte labeling in the cortical microvasculature was examined by two-photon imaging. We also tested the application of CD45.2 mAb in a pathological leukocyte-endothelial adhesion model by photothrombotically occluding cortical penetrating venules. Results: We found that 0.4 mg / kg of anti-CD45.2 antibody intravenously was sufficient to label 95% of circulating leukocytes. There was no depletion of circulating leukocytes after 24 h at the dosages tested. Labeled leukocytes could be observed as deep as 550 μ m from the cortical surface. The antibody reliably labeled rolling, crawling, and adherent leukocytes in venules around the stroke-affected tissues. Conclusion: We show that the anti-CD45.2 mAb is a robust reagent for acute labeling of leukocytes during in vivo two-photon microscopy of the cortical microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila D. Faulhaber
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Olivia D’Costa
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Andy Y. Shih
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States
- University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle, Washington, United States
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Juliane Gust
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, Washington, United States
- University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Seattle, Washington, United States
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15
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Ahrens Kress AP, Zhang Y, Kaiser-Vry AR, Sauer MB. A Comparison of Blood Collection Techniques in Mice and their Effects on Welfare. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2022; 61:287-295. [PMID: 35314020 PMCID: PMC9137285 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-21-000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiple methods are used to collect blood from mice; these methods have different effects on animal welfare. This study compared blood collection from facial, chin, and saphenous locations with regard to various parameters, including the time needed to collect blood, the number of attempts needed, success at completing the blood collection, volume of blood loss, weight changes in the mouse, presence of external lesions after blood collection and gross lesions at necropsy, physical signs during blood collection (vocalization, urination, and defecation), fecal corticosterone after blood collection, and blood chemistry values. While no one technique was clearly better for animal welfare, each technique had benefits and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yudi Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | | | - Mary B Sauer
- Laboratory Animal Resources, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
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16
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Layssol-Lamour CJ, Granat FA, Sahal AM, Braun JPD, Trumel C, Bourgès-Abella NH. Improving the Quality of EDTA-treated Blood Specimens from Mice. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2022; 61:188-194. [PMID: 35022109 PMCID: PMC8956217 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-21-000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonterminal blood sampling in laboratory mice is a very common procedure. With the goal of improving animal welfare, different sampling sites and methods have been compared but have not achieved a consensus. Moreover, most of these studies overlooked the quality of blood specimens collected. The main preanalytical concern with EDTA-treated blood specimens for hematology analyses is platelet aggregation, which is known to cause analytical errors. Our objective was to find a nonterminal blood sampling method with minimal adverse effects on mice and few or no platelet aggregates. We tested and compared 2 collection sites, 4 sampling methods, and 3 antithrombotic drugs in 80 C57BL6/j male and female mice by evaluating platelet aggregates on blood smears and platelet, WBC, and RBC counts. In addition, the blood collection process was carefully evaluated, and adverse effects were recorded. Platelet aggregation was lower in specimens collected from the jugular vein than from the facial vein, with no effect of the sampling device or the presence of an antithrombotic additive. Highly aggregated specimens were significantly associated with lower platelet counts, whereas aggregation had no effect on WBC or RBC counts. Adverse events during sampling were significantly associated with more numerous platelet aggregates. The jugular vein is thus a satisfactory sampling site in mice in terms of both animal welfare and low platelet aggregation. Using antithrombotic agents appears to be unnecessary, whereas improving sampling conditions remains a key requirement to ensure the quality of EDTA-treated blood specimens from mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Layssol-Lamour
- Centre Régional d’Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales (CREFRE), Université de Toulouse, UMR 1037,INSERM, UPS, ENVT
| | - Fanny A Granat
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSE=RM, Université de Toulouse; and
| | - Ambrine M Sahal
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSE=RM, Université de Toulouse; and
| | | | - Catherine Trumel
- Centre Régional d’Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales (CREFRE), Université de Toulouse, UMR 1037,INSERM, UPS, ENVT
| | - Nathalie H Bourgès-Abella
- Centre Régional d’Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales (CREFRE), Université de Toulouse, UMR 1037,INSERM, UPS, ENVT
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17
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Choi H, Cao J, Qiao H, Chen IW, Zhou R. Improving Cancer Detection and Treatment by pH‐Sensitive Peptide Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Platform: Pharmacokinetics, Toxicity, and Immunogenicity Profile. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Choi
- Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Jianbo Cao
- Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Hui Qiao
- Department of Pathology Children‘s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - I-Wei Chen
- Department of Material Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
- Abramson Cancer Center University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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18
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Kang M, Lee SH, Kwon M, Byun J, Kim D, Kim C, Koo S, Kwon SP, Moon S, Jung M, Hong J, Go S, Song SY, Choi JH, Hyeon T, Oh YK, Park HH, Kim BS. Nanocomplex-Mediated In Vivo Programming to Chimeric Antigen Receptor-M1 Macrophages for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103258. [PMID: 34510559 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell immunotherapy has shown impressive clinical outcomes for hematologic malignancies. However, its broader applications are challenged due to its complex ex vivo cell-manufacturing procedures and low therapeutic efficacy against solid tumors. The limited therapeutic effects are partially due to limited CAR-T cell infiltration to solid tumors and inactivation of CAR-T cells by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here, a facile approach is presented to in vivo program macrophages, which can intrinsically penetrate solid tumors, into CAR-M1 macrophages displaying enhanced cancer-directed phagocytosis and anti-tumor activity. In vivo injected nanocomplexes of macrophage-targeting nanocarriers and CAR-interferon-γ-encoding plasmid DNA induce CAR-M1 macrophages that are capable of CAR-mediated cancer phagocytosis, anti-tumor immunomodulation, and inhibition of solid tumor growth. Together, this study describes an off-the-shelf CAR-macrophage therapy that is effective for solid tumors and avoids the complex and costly processes of ex vivo CAR-cell manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikyung Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Lee
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Miji Kwon
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Byun
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheesue Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sagang Koo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Pil Kwon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Moon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mungyo Jung
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Hong
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhyeong Go
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seuk Young Song
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ho Park
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Engineering Research, BioMAX, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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19
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Tan Y, Huang Z, Wang X, Dai H, Jiang G, Feng W. A novel fusion circular RNA F-circBA1 derived from the BCR-ABL fusion gene displayed an oncogenic role in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Bioengineered 2021; 12:4816-4827. [PMID: 34346842 PMCID: PMC8806869 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1957749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The BCR-ABL fusion gene plays a crucial role in the leukemogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The BCR-ABL oncoprotein encoded by this fusion gene has been extensively studied. However, research on whether BCR-ABL also affects circular RNAs (circRNAs) is limited. This study aimed to explore the new fusion circRNAs produced by BCR-ABL and their role in CML cells. In this study, we identified a novel fusion circRNA, named F-circBA1, originating from BCR-ABL in K562 and K562/G01 cells using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Sanger sequencing. qRT-PCR of the nuclear RNA and cytoplasmic RNA were separated, indicating that F-circBA1 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm. Cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry showed that F-circBA1 knockdown by shRNA prevented the proliferation of K562 and K562/G01 cells, and the cell cycle was arrested at G2/M. Mechanically, dual-luciferase reporter assay and western blotting assay showed that F-circBA1 sponged miR-148-3p and F-circBA1 silencing decreased CDC25B expression in vitro. Furthermore, the results of the murine leukemogenesis model showed that F-circBA1 knockdown suppressed leukemogenesis in vivo. Besides, we found the existence of F-circBA1 in some patients with BCR-ABL-positive CML. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the presence of F-circBA1 and its oncogenic role in CML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tan
- Department of Clinical Hematology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenglan Huang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongdan Dai
- Department of Clinical Hematology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoyun Jiang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenli Feng
- Department of Clinical Hematology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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20
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Spittler AP, Afzali MF, Bork SB, Burton LH, Radakovich LB, Seebart CA, Moore AR, Santangelo KS. Age- and sex-associated differences in hematology and biochemistry parameters of Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253794. [PMID: 34242236 PMCID: PMC8270176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Dunkin Hartley is the most common guinea pig strain used in biomedical research, particularly for studies of asthma, allergy, infectious disease, reproduction, and osteoarthritis. Minimally invasive blood tests, such as complete blood counts and serum biochemistry profiles, are often collected for diagnostics and laboratory analyses. However, reference intervals for these assays have not yet been well-documented in this strain. The purpose of this study was to establish reference intervals for hematologic and biochemical parameters of Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs and determine age- and sex-related differences. Hematologic and biochemical parameters were retrospectively obtained from 145 male and 68 female guinea pigs between 2 and 15 months of age. All blood parameters were analyzed by a veterinary clinical pathology laboratory. Reference intervals were established according to the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines. Age- and sex-related differences were determined using unpaired t-tests or nonparametric Mann-Whitney tests. Hematocrit, red blood cell distribution width, mean platelet volume, white blood cell count, heterophils, monocytes, eosinophils, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, calcium, magnesium, total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, and bicarbonate increased with age. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, cellular hemoglobin concentration mean, platelets, lymphocytes, phosphorus, albumin/globulin ratio, alkaline phosphatase, anion gap, and calculated osmolality decreased with age. Males had higher hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count, heterophils, Foa-Kurloff cells, alanine aminotransferase, and bicarbonate and lower mean corpuscular volume, red blood cell distribution width, platelets, mean platelet volume, eosinophils, total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, potassium, anion gap, calculated osmolality, and iron compared to females. Establishing age and sex differences in hematologic and biochemical parameters of Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs provides valuable insight into their physiology to better evaluate diagnostics and experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa P. Spittler
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Maryam F. Afzali
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sydney B. Bork
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lindsey H. Burton
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lauren B. Radakovich
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Cassie A. Seebart
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - A. Russell Moore
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kelly S. Santangelo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Sompol P, Gollihue JL, Kraner SD, Artiushin IA, Cloyd RA, Chishti EA, Koren SA, Nation GK, Abisambra JF, Huzian O, Nagy LI, Santha M, Hackler L, Puskas LG, Norris CM. Q134R: Small chemical compound with NFAT inhibitory properties improves behavioral performance and synapse function in mouse models of amyloid pathology. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13416. [PMID: 34117818 PMCID: PMC8282246 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the protein phosphatase calcineurin (CN) ameliorates pathophysiologic and cognitive changes in aging rodents and mice with aging-related Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathology. However, concerns over adverse effects have slowed the transition of common CN-inhibiting drugs to the clinic for the treatment of AD and AD-related disorders. Targeting substrates of CN, like the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATs), has been suggested as an alternative, safer approach to CN inhibitors. However, small chemical inhibitors of NFATs have only rarely been described. Here, we investigate a newly developed neuroprotective hydroxyquinoline derivative (Q134R) that suppresses NFAT signaling, without inhibiting CN activity. Q134R partially inhibited NFAT activity in primary rat astrocytes, but did not prevent CN-mediated dephosphorylation of a non-NFAT target, either in vivo, or in vitro. Acute (≤1 week) oral delivery of Q134R to APP/PS1 (12 months old) or wild-type mice (3-4 months old) infused with oligomeric Aβ peptides led to improved Y maze performance. Chronic (≥3 months) oral delivery of Q134R appeared to be safe, and, in fact, promoted survival in wild-type (WT) mice when given for many months beyond middle age. Finally, chronic delivery of Q134R to APP/PS1 mice during the early stages of amyloid pathology (i.e., between 6 and 9 months) tended to reduce signs of glial reactivity, prevented the upregulation of astrocytic NFAT4, and ameliorated deficits in synaptic strength and plasticity, without noticeably altering parenchymal Aβ plaque pathology. The results suggest that Q134R is a promising drug for treating AD and aging-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradoldej Sompol
- Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky College of Medicine Lexington KY USA
| | - Jenna L. Gollihue
- Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky College of Medicine Lexington KY USA
| | - Susan D. Kraner
- Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky College of Medicine Lexington KY USA
| | - Irina A. Artiushin
- Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky College of Medicine Lexington KY USA
| | - Ryan A. Cloyd
- Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky College of Medicine Lexington KY USA
| | - Emad A. Chishti
- Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky College of Medicine Lexington KY USA
| | - Shon A. Koren
- Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky College of Medicine Lexington KY USA
| | - Grant K. Nation
- Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky College of Medicine Lexington KY USA
| | - Jose F. Abisambra
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christopher M. Norris
- Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky College of Medicine Lexington KY USA
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22
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Wozniak DM, Kirchoff N, Hansen-Kant K, Sogoba N, Safronetz D, Prescott J. Hematology and Clinical Chemistry Reference Ranges for Laboratory-Bred Natal Multimammate Mice ( Mastomys natalensis). Viruses 2021; 13:v13020187. [PMID: 33513733 PMCID: PMC7910822 DOI: 10.3390/v13020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory-controlled physiological data for the multimammate rat (Mastomys natalensis) are scarce, despite this species being a known reservoir and vector for zoonotic viruses, including the highly pathogenic Lassa virus, as well as other arenaviruses and many species of bacteria. For this reason, M. natalensis is an important rodent for the study of host-virus interactions within laboratory settings. Herein, we provide basic blood parameters for age- and sex-distributed animals in regards to blood counts, cell phenotypes and serum chemistry of a specific-pathogen-monitored M.natalensis breeding colony, to facilitate scientific insight into this important and widespread rodent species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Wozniak
- ZBS5—Biosafety Level-4 Laboratory, Robert Koch-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (D.M.W.); (N.K.); (K.H.-K.)
| | - Norman Kirchoff
- ZBS5—Biosafety Level-4 Laboratory, Robert Koch-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (D.M.W.); (N.K.); (K.H.-K.)
| | - Katharina Hansen-Kant
- ZBS5—Biosafety Level-4 Laboratory, Robert Koch-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (D.M.W.); (N.K.); (K.H.-K.)
| | - Nafomon Sogoba
- International Center for Excellence in Research, Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako 91094, Mali;
| | - David Safronetz
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA;
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Joseph Prescott
- ZBS5—Biosafety Level-4 Laboratory, Robert Koch-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (D.M.W.); (N.K.); (K.H.-K.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Fareed SA, Mostafa HES. Could aspartame exacerbate caffeine effects on renal maturation in rat's offspring? A biochemical and histological study. Birth Defects Res 2020; 113:90-107. [PMID: 33128303 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeine and aspartame (ASP) are mostly used as a diet regimen to reduce overweight. The risk increase if used during critical life periods that may affect the development of fetal organs. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the individual and combined effects of maternal exposure to caffeine and ASP during gestation and lactation on the kidneys' development of rats' offspring. METHODS Pregnant rats were divided randomly into four groups; Group I (control group). Group II (ASP group): ASP was given at a dose of 40 mg of /kg/day. Group III (Caffeine group): caffeine was given at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day. Group IV (ASP & caffeine group); where previous doses of ASP and caffeine were given at the same time. All the treatments were given by oral gavage from the first day of pregnancy until postnatal day 30. Kidneys of rats' offspring were dissected and tested for detection of oxidative stress markers and for histopathological & immunohistochemical examination. RESULTS This study showed a high significant increase in oxidative load (malondialdehyde) in renal tissues in group IV associated with decreased activities of total glutathione and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase). Histological and morphometric examination results showed delayed maturation of renal tissues in Group II and III, but more deleterious effects were observed in group IV with a lot of pathological changes in renal tissues. CONCLUSION The extensive use of caffeine and ASP should be controlled to avoid the risk of their toxicity.
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24
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Leukocyte Evaluation of the Free-Ranging Deermouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) from Montana, USA. J Wildl Dis 2020; 56:717-720. [DOI: 10.7589/2019-04-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Wang Z, Li Q, Xu L, Ma J, Wang Y, Wei B, Wu W, Liu S. Ageing alters the physicochemical properties of silver nanoparticles and consequently compromises their acute toxicity in mammals. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 196:110487. [PMID: 32229327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous investigations into AgNP-induced toxicity, little has been taken into consideration the potential health impacts of aged AgNPs in comparison to fresh AgNPs. In the current study, we scrutinized the potential effects of aged AgNPs in animals. We first found that AgNPs underwent morphological transformations after natural ageing in aqueous solution upon exposure to air and sunlight for 9 days, as characterized by significant aggregation with increase of particle size approximately by 2 fold. Meanwhile, dissolved Ag ions from aged AgNPs increased by 33% compared to fresh AgNPs. Strikingly, the acute exposure results showed that aged AgNPs induced lower toxicity in mice relative to fresh AgNPs. Aged AgNPs caused milder local inflammation in the peritoneal cavity of mice, as evidenced by 63% reduction of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) than that induced by fresh AgNPs. The deposition mass of aged AgNPs in the liver, spleen, lung and kidney was diminished by 69%, 39%, 83% and 40%, respectively, compared to the distribution profiles in response to fresh AgNPs. Whereby, milder splenic hyperemia was observed, and no significant hepatoxicity was found. Additionally, aged AgNPs provoked milder increase of periphery leukocytes and malondialdehyde (MDA) in mice in comparison to fresh AgNPs. Taken together, this study unraveled that the ageing process elicited remarkable alterations to physicochemical properties and toxic effects as well. This study would provide new insights into the potential health impacts of AgNPs under transformation-determined exposure scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China.
| | - Qingqing Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Lining Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Bing Wei
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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26
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Moderate exercise training reduced the harmful effects of electromagnetic radiation emitted from a cell phone on hematological parameters in male Wistar rats. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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27
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Maaland AF, Saidi A, Torgue J, Heyerdahl H, Stallons TAR, Kolstad A, Dahle J. Targeted alpha therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with the anti-CD37 radioimmunoconjugate 212Pb-NNV003. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230526. [PMID: 32187209 PMCID: PMC7080250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapse of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after standard of care treatment is common and new therapies are needed. The targeted alpha therapy with 212Pb-NNV003 presented in this study combines cytotoxic α-particles from 212Pb, with the anti-CD37 antibody NNV003, targeting B-cell malignancies. The goal of this study was to explore 212Pb-NNV003 for treatment of CD37 positive chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in preclinical mouse models.An anti-proliferative effect of 212Pb-NNV003 was observed in both chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (MEC-2) and Burkitt's lymphoma (Daudi) cells in vitro. In biodistribution experiments, accumulation of 212Pb-NNV003 was 23%ID/g and 16%ID/g in Daudi and MEC-2 tumours 24 h post injection. In two intravenous animal models 90% of the mice treated with a single injection of 212Pb-NNV003 were alive 28 weeks post cell injection. Median survival times of control groups were 5-9 weeks. There was no significant difference between different specific activities of 212Pb-NNV003 with regards to therapeutic effect or toxicity. For therapeutically effective activities, a transient haematological toxicity was observed. This study shows that 212Pb-NNV003 is effective and safe in preclinical models of CD37 positive chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, warranting future clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astri Fjelde Maaland
- Nordic Nanovector ASA, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Julien Torgue
- Orano Med LLC, Plano, Texas, United States of America
| | | | | | - Arne Kolstad
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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28
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Marbach-Breitrück E, Kutzner L, Rothe M, Gurke R, Schreiber Y, Reddanna P, Schebb NH, Stehling S, Wieler LH, Heydeck D, Kuhn H. Functional Characterization of Knock-In Mice Expressing a 12/15-Lipoxygenating Alox5 Mutant Instead of the 5-Lipoxygenating Wild-Type Enzyme. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1-17. [PMID: 31642348 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Most mammalian genomes involve several genes encoding for functionally distinct arachidonate lipoxygenase (ALOX isoforms). Proinflammatory leukotrienes are formed via the ALOX5 pathway, but 12/15-lipoxygenating ALOX isoforms have been implicated in the biosynthesis of pro-resolving mediators. In vitro mutagenesis of the triad determinants abolished the leukotriene synthesizing activity of ALOX5, but the biological consequences of these alterations have not been studied. To fill this gap, we created Alox5 knock-in mice, which express the 12/15-lipoxygenating Phe359Trp + Ala424Ile + Asn425Met Alox5 triple mutant and characterized its phenotypic alterations. Results: The mouse Alox5 triple mutant functions as arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenating enzyme, which also forms 12S-hydroxy and 8S-hydroxy arachidonic acid. In contrast to the wild-type enzyme, the triple mutant effectively oxygenates linoleic acid to 13S-hydroxy linoleic acid (13S-HODE), which functions as activating ligand of the type-2 nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Knock-in mice expressing the mutant enzyme are viable, fertile, and develop normally. The mice cannot synthesize proinflammatory leukotrienes but show significantly attenuated plasma levels of lipolytic endocannabinoids. When aging, the animals gained significantly more body weight, which may be related to the fivefold higher levels of 13-HODE in the adipose tissue. Innovation: These data indicate for the first time that in vivo mutagenesis of the triad determinants of mouse Alox5 abolished the biosynthetic capacity of the enzyme for proinflammatory leukotrienes and altered the catalytic properties of the protein favoring the formation of 13-HODE. Conclusion:In vivo triple mutation of the mouse Alox5 gene impacts the body weight homeostasis of aging mice via augmented formation of the activating PPARγ ligand 13-HODE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Marbach-Breitrück
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Kutzner
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - Robert Gurke
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt (ZAFES), Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP), Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yannick Schreiber
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP), Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pallu Reddanna
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad India
| | - Nils-Helge Schebb
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sabine Stehling
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lothar H Wieler
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Center of Infection Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Heydeck
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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29
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Matsumoto A, Takahashi Y, Chang HY, Wu YW, Yamamoto A, Ishihama Y, Takakura Y. Blood concentrations of small extracellular vesicles are determined by a balance between abundant secretion and rapid clearance. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 9:1696517. [PMID: 31807238 PMCID: PMC6882433 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1696517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are important mediators of cell–cell communication with respect to diverse physiological processes. To further understand their physiological roles, understanding blood sEV homoeostasis in a quantitative manner is desired. In this study, we propose novel kinetic approaches to estimate the secretion and clearance of mouse plasma–derived sEVs (MP-sEVs) based on the hypothesis that blood sEV concentrations are determined by a balance between the secretion and clearance of sEVs. Using our specific and sensitive sEV labelling technology, we succeeded in analysing MP-sEV clearance from the blood after intravenous administration into mice. This revealed the rapid disappearance of MP-sEVs with a half-life of approximately 7 min. Moreover, the plasma sEV secretion rate, which is presently impossible to directly evaluate, was calculated as 18 μg/min in mice based on pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis. Next, macrophage-depleted mice were prepared as a model of disrupted sEV homoeostasis with retarded sEV clearance. MP-sEV concentrations were increased in macrophage-depleted mice, which probably reflected a shift in the balance of secretion and clearance. Moreover, the increased MP-sEV concentration in macrophage-depleted mice was successfully simulated using calculated clearance rate constant, secretion rate constant and volume of distribution, suggesting the validity of our PK approaches. These results demonstrate that blood sEV concentration homoeostasis can be explained by the dynamics of rapid secretion/clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hsin-Yi Chang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BioAnalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yi-Wen Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BioAnalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Aki Yamamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishihama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BioAnalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Takakura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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30
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Varshosaz J, Hassanzadeh F, Hashemi-Beni B, Minaiyan M, Enteshari S. Tissue Distribution and Systemic Toxicity Evaluation of Raloxifene Targeted Polymeric Micelles of Poly (Styrene-Maleic Acid)-Poly (Amide- Ether-Ester-Imide)-Poly (Ethylene Glycol) Loaded With Docetaxel in Breast Cancer Bearing Mice. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2019; 14:280-291. [PMID: 31538904 DOI: 10.2174/1574892814666190919163731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the low water solubility of Docetaxel (DTX), it is formulated with ethanol and Tween 80 with lots of side effects. For this reason, special attention has been paid to formulate it in new drug nano-carriers. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to evaluate the safety, antitumor activity and tissue distribution of the novel synthesized Raloxifene (RA) targeted polymeric micelles. METHODS DTX-loaded RA-targeted polymeric micelles composed of poly(styrene-maleic acid)- poly(amide-ether-ester-imide)-poly(ethylene glycol) (SMA-PAEE-PEG) were prepared and their antitumor activity was studied in MC4-L2 tumor-bearing mice compared with non-targeted micelles and free DTX. Safety of the micelles was studied by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining of tumors and major organs of the mice. The drug accumulation in the tumor and major organs was measured by HPLC method. RESULTS The results showed better tumor growth inhibition and increased survival of mice treated with DTX-loaded in targeted micelles compared to the non-targeted micelles and free DTX. Histopathological studies, H&E staining of tumors and immunohistochemical examination showed the potential of DTX-loaded RA-targeted micelles to inhibit tumor cells proliferation. The higher accumulation of the DTX in the tumor tissue after injection of the micelles compared to the free DTX may indicate the higher uptake of the targeted micelles by the G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptors (GPER). CONCLUSION The results indicate that RA-conjugated polymeric micelles may be a strong and effective drug delivery system for DTX therapy and uptake of the drug into tumor cells, and overcome the disadvantages and side effects of conventional DTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaleh Varshosaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farshid Hassanzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Batool Hashemi-Beni
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Minaiyan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Enteshari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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31
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Personett AR, Santangelo KS, Kendall LV, Sadar MJ. Hematologic Parameters and Blood Cultures from the Gingival Vein Compared with the Cranial Vena Cava in Guinea Pigs. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019; 58:817-822. [PMID: 31662155 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Blood collection methods in guinea pigs are limited due to the animals' compact neck, short limbs, and lack of a tail. Gingival venipuncture is a recently described blood sampling technique that is minimally traumatic with no significant alterations in hematologic parameters when multiple blood samples were collected weekly for 6 wk. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the gingival vein can be used as an alternative blood collection site in guinea pigs, such that: (1) hematologic parameters would be consistent with samples collected from the cranial vena cava; and (2) no contaminants from the oral cavity would be introduced into the sample. Blood samples were obtained from both the gingival vein and cranial vena cava of anesthetized Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs for CBC (n = 9) and aerobic blood cultures (n = 10). Only MCV was significantly different between sampling sites. Bland-Altman analyses calculated a small mean bias for all hematologic parameters, indicating clinical interpretation is unlikely to be affected by the sampling site. Bacterial growth occurred in all 5 gingival vein blood samples prepared by using saline and 2 of the 5 prepared with dilute chlorhexidine. Bacteria did not grow from any cranial vena caval blood samples prepared with dilute chlorhexidine. No clinical signs of hemorrhage or trauma were detected at either site. These results provide evidence that gingival venipuncture can be used as an alternative blood collection method for guinea pigs for hematologic analysis but should not be used for blood culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa R Personett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University
| | - Kelly S Santangelo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University
| | - Lon V Kendall
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University
| | - Miranda J Sadar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado;,
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32
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Lyu Z, Wang L, Wu Y, Huang C. Effects of particle size and lipid form of corn on energy and nutrient digestibility in diets for growing pigs. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:286-293. [PMID: 31480187 PMCID: PMC6946957 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of corn particle size and lipid form on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and nutrients in diets for growing pigs. Methods In Exp. 1, thirty barrows (initial body weight [BW], 53.1±3.9 kg) were allotted to 1 of 5 diets formulated with 96.9% corn ground to 441, 543, 618, 659, and 768 μm, respectively. In Exp. 2, thirty-six barrows (initial BW, 54.7±3.6 kg) were allotted to 1 of 6 diets formulated by including 2% or 15% corn germ (CG 2 or CG 15), 1% or 6% corn oil (CO 1 or CO 6), 1% CO+2% corn germ meal (CO 1+CGM 2), or 6% CO+15% corn germ meal (CO 6+CGM 15), respectively. Results The ATTD of gross energy (GE) and the digestible energy (DE) in diet and corn grain linearly decreased as the corn particle size increased (p<0.05) from 441 to 768 μm. Particle size had a quadratic effect (p<0.05) on the ATTD of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in diets, and which firstly increased and then decreased as the corn particle size increased from 441 to 618 μm and 618 to 768 μm, respectively. The ATTD of GE, ether extract (EE), and the DE in CO 1 diet and CO 6 diet was greater (p<0.05) than that in CG 2 diet and CG 15 diet, respectively. The ATTD of EE in CO 6 diet and CO 6+CGM 15 diet was greater (p<0.05) than that in CO 1 diet and CO 1+CGM 2 diet. Conclusion Less than 618 μm was recommended for corn particle size in growing pig’s diet and extracted lipid had greater digestibility than the intact lipid in corn. Higher concentration of extracted CO had greater digestibility of EE compared with lower concentrations of CO diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chengfei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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33
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Experimental evolution of aerobic exercise performance and hematological traits in bank voles. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 234:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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34
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Bjorner M, Zhu L. A minimally invasive, low-stress method for serial blood collection in aging mice. PATHOBIOLOGY OF AGING & AGE RELATED DISEASES 2019; 9:1647400. [PMID: 31489140 PMCID: PMC6711170 DOI: 10.1080/20010001.2019.1647400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hematologic analysis is an efficient and valuable tool for real-time health monitoring and immune analysis in mouse aging studies. However, many frequently used blood sampling techniques in mice are incompatible with continuous monitoring with increasing age, as they may involve anesthesia, cause severe stress, or require a high volume of blood. This technical report describes a convenient relatively noninvasive procedure for counting white blood cells in C57Bl/6 mice by an optimized tail blood collection method followed by Wright-Giemsa and Türk staining. This technique can be performed on unanesthetized mice in less than 1 min with minimal stress using only a few microliters of blood. White blood cell analysis can include but is not limited to total and differential white blood cell count and cell morphology. The low blood volume collected is ideal for aging mice in longer-term experiments requiring regular and continuous monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Bjorner
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lida Zhu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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35
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Jyotsana N, Zhang Z, Himmel LE, Yu F, King MR. Minimal dosing of leukocyte targeting TRAIL decreases triple-negative breast cancer metastasis following tumor resection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw4197. [PMID: 31355333 PMCID: PMC6656540 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw4197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Surgical removal of the primary tumor is a common practice in breast cancer treatment. However, postsurgical metastasis poses an immense setback in cancer therapy. Considering that 90% of cancer-related deaths are due to metastasis, antimetastatic therapeutic strategies that can target disseminating tumor cells in the circulation before they can form secondary tumors hold preclinical and clinical potential for cancer patients. Our current work uses a liposomal formulation functionalized with the adhesion receptor E-selectin and the apoptosis-inducing ligand TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to reduce metastasis following tumor resection in an aggressive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) mouse model. We demonstrate that minimal administration of E-selectin-TRAIL liposomes can target metastasis in a TNBC model, with primary tumor resection to mimic clinical settings. Our study indicates that TRAIL liposomes, alone or in combination with existing clinically approved therapies, may neutralize distant metastasis of a broad range of tumor types systemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Jyotsana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Zhenjiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Lauren E. Himmel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Translational Pathology Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-258, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Michael R. King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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36
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Houdaihed L, Evans JC, Allen C. In Vivo Evaluation of Dual-Targeted Nanoparticles Encapsulating Paclitaxel and Everolimus. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E752. [PMID: 31146485 PMCID: PMC6628352 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A synergistic combination of paclitaxel (PTX) and everolimus (EVER) can allow for lower drug doses, reducing the toxicities associated with PTX, while maintaining therapeutic efficacy. Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) of high stability provide opportunities to modify the toxicity profile of the drugs by ensuring their delivery to tumor at the synergistic ratio while limiting systemic drug exposure and the toxicities that result. The current study goal is to study the in vivo fate of human epidermal factor receptor 2 (HER2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) dual-targeted PTX+EVER-loaded NPs (Dual-NPs) in an MDA-MB-231-H2N BC tumor-bearing mouse model. The pharmacokinetic parameters, plasma area under the curve (AUC) and half-life (t1/2), were found to be 20-fold and 3 to 4-fold higher, respectively, for the drugs when administered in the Dual-NPs in comparison to the free-drug combination (i.e., PTX+EVER) at an equivalent dose of PTX. While maintaining anti-tumor efficacy, the levels of body weight loss were significantly lower (p < 0.0001) and the overall degree of neurotoxicity was reduced with Dual-NP treatment in comparison to the free-drug combination when administered at an equivalent dose of PTX. This study suggests that Dual-NPs present a promising platform for the delivery of the PTX and EVER combination with the potential to reduce severe PTX-induced toxicities and in turn, improve quality of life for patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loujin Houdaihed
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada.
| | | | - Christine Allen
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada.
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37
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Boyer SW, Rajendiran S, Beaudin AE, Smith-Berdan S, Muthuswamy PK, Perez-Cunningham J, Martin EW, Cheung C, Tsang H, Landon M, Forsberg EC. Clonal and Quantitative In Vivo Assessment of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation Reveals Strong Erythroid Potential of Multipotent Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:801-815. [PMID: 30905737 PMCID: PMC6450035 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is arguably one of the best understood stem cell systems; however, significant challenges remain to reach a consensus understanding of the lineage potential, heterogeneity, and relationships of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell populations. To gain new insights, we performed quantitative analyses of mature cell production from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and multiple hematopoietic progenitor populations. Assessment of the absolute numbers of mature cell types produced by each progenitor cell revealed a striking erythroid dominance of all myeloid-competent progenitors assessed, accompanied by strong platelet reconstitution. All populations with myeloid potential also produced robust numbers of red blood cells and platelets in vivo. Clonal analysis by single-cell transplantation and by spleen colony assays revealed that a significant fraction of HSCs and multipotent progenitors have multilineage potential at the single-cell level. These new insights prompt an erythroid-focused model of hematopoietic differentiation. RBCs are the predominant cell type produced by multipotent hematopoietic progenitors All cell types with myeloid potential also produced RBCs and platelets in vivo Single HSCs and MPPF cells are capable of multilineage hematopoietic reconstitution Erythroid cell production emerges as a default hematopoietic fate
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W Boyer
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Smrithi Rajendiran
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Anna E Beaudin
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Stephanie Smith-Berdan
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Praveen K Muthuswamy
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Jessica Perez-Cunningham
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Eric W Martin
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Christa Cheung
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Herman Tsang
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Mark Landon
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - E Camilla Forsberg
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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38
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García PC, Paillavil BA, Scioscia N, Dale JB, Legarraga P, Salazar-Echegarai FJ, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM, Wozniak A. Clinical and microbiological response of mice to intranasal inoculation with Lactococcus lactis expressing Group A Streptococcus antigens, to be used as an anti-streptococcal vaccine. Microbiol Immunol 2019; 62:711-719. [PMID: 30357922 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein subunit vaccines are often preferred because of their protective efficacy and safety. Lactic acid bacteria expressing heterologous antigens constitute a promising approach to vaccine development. However, their safety in terms of toxicity and bacterial clearance must be evaluated. Anti-Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) vaccines face additional safety concerns because they may elicit autoimmune responses. The assessment of toxicity, clearance and autoimmunity of an anti-streptococcal vaccine based on Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) expressing 10 different M protein fragments from S. pyogenes (L. lactis-Mx10) is here reported. Clearance of L. lactis from the oropharynges of immunocompetent mice and mice devoid of T/B lymphocytes mice was achieved without using antibiotics. The absence of autoimmune responses against human tissues was demonstrated with human brain, heart and kidney. Assessment of toxicity showed that leucocyte counts and selected serum biochemical factors were not affected in L. lactis-Mx10-immunized mice. In contrast, mice immunized with L. lactis wild type vector (L. lactis-WT) showed increased neutrophil and monocyte counts and altered histopathology of lymph nodes, lungs and nasal epithelium. Two days after immunization, L. lactis-Mx10-immunized and L. lactis-WT-immunized mice weighed significantly less than unimmunized mice. However, both groups of immunized mice recovered their body weights by Day 6. Our results demonstrate that L. lactis-WT, but not the vaccine L. lactis-Mx10, induces alterations in certain hematologic and histopathological variables. We consider these data a major contribution to data on L. lactis as a bacterial vector for vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C García
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Braulio A Paillavil
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Natalia Scioscia
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - James B Dale
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Paulette Legarraga
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Francisco J Salazar-Echegarai
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile.,Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Aniela Wozniak
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile.,Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
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Simonetti S, Natalini A, Folgori A, Capone S, Nicosia A, Santoni A, Di Rosa F. Antigen-specific CD8 T cells in cell cycle circulate in the blood after vaccination. Scand J Immunol 2019; 89:e12735. [PMID: 30488973 PMCID: PMC6850756 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although clonal expansion is a hallmark of adaptive immunity, the location(s) where antigen‐responding T cells enter cell cycle and complete it have been poorly explored. This lack of knowledge stems partially from the limited experimental approaches available. By using Ki67 plus DNA staining and a novel strategy for flow cytometry analysis, we distinguished antigen‐specific CD8 T cells in G0, in G1 and in S‐G2/M phases of cell cycle after intramuscular vaccination of BALB/c mice with antigen‐expressing viral vectors. Antigen‐specific cells in S‐G2/M were present at early times after vaccination in lymph nodes (LNs), spleen and, surprisingly, also in the blood, which is an unexpected site for cycling of normal non‐leukaemic cells. Most proliferating cells had high scatter profile and were undetected by current criteria of analysis, which under‐estimated up to 6 times antigen‐specific cell frequency in LNs. Our discovery of cycling antigen‐specific CD8 T cells in the blood opens promising translational perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Simonetti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Ambra Natalini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Alfredo Nicosia
- Keires AG, Basel, Switzerland.,CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
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40
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Blaszczak AM, Jalilvand A, Liu J, Wright VP, Suzo A, Needleman B, Noria S, Lafuse W, Hsueh WA, Bradley D. Human Visceral Adipose Tissue Macrophages Are Not Adequately Defined by Standard Methods of Characterization. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:8124563. [PMID: 30719456 PMCID: PMC6335856 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8124563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with a state of chronic low-grade inflammation both systemically and within specific tissues, including adipose tissue (AT). In murine models of obesity, there is a shift in the inflammatory profile of the AT immune cells, with an accumulation of proinflammatory M1 macrophages that surround the expanding adipocyte. However, much less is known about the immune cell composition and how to best define AT macrophages in humans. Objective. The goals of the current study were to determine the contribution of macrophages to the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) in lean versus obese human visceral AT (VAT); examine the expression of common M1, M2, and pan macrophage markers; and determine the association of specific macrophage types with known biomarkers of obesity-related cardiometabolic disease. Research Design and Methods. VAT biopsies were obtained from obese (n = 50) and lean (n = 8) patients during elective surgery. Adipocytes and SVF were isolated, and the SVF was subjected to flow cytometry analyses. Results. Our results indicate that VAT macrophages are increased in obesity and associate with biomarkers of CVD but that many macrophages do not fall into currently defined M1/M2 classification system based on CD206 receptor expression levels. Conclusions. VAT macrophages are increased in obese subjects, but the current markers used to define macrophage populations are inadequate to distinguish differences in human obesity. Further studies are needed to delineate the function of AT macrophages in the maintenance and progression of human AT inflammation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alecia M. Blaszczak
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anahita Jalilvand
- Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joey Liu
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Valerie P. Wright
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Andrew Suzo
- Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bradley Needleman
- Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sabrena Noria
- Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - William Lafuse
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Willa A. Hsueh
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - David Bradley
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Li E, Zhu T, Dong W, Huang C. Effects of brown rice particle size on energy and nutrient digestibility in diets for young pigs and adult sows. Anim Sci J 2018; 90:108-116. [PMID: 30467947 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of brown rice particle size on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and nutrients in diets fed to pigs at four different stages and determine the optimal particle size (OPS) of brown rice for young pigs and adult sows. Eighteen weanling piglets (initial body weight (BW): 10.2 ± 0.4 kg), 18 growing barrows (initial BW: 35.6 ± 1.5 kg), 24 gestating sows (initial BW: 220 ± 2.8 kg), and 24 lactating sows (initial BW: 208 ± 3.8 kg) were allotted to 1 of 3 or 4 diets based on completely randomized design with six replicates per diet. Within each stage, brown rice-soybean meal diets were formulated, and the only difference among diets was the brown rice used was ground to the specified particle size. Each stage lasted 19 days, including 7 days for cage adaptation, 7 days for diet adaptation, and 5 days for total feces and urine collection. For weanling and growing pigs, the results showed that pigs fed brown rice milled to 600 μm had a greater ATTD of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), and crude protein (CP) than pigs fed brown rice ground to 800 μm. However, there was no improvement in the ATTD of energy and nutrients for pigs fed brown rice milled to 600 μm versus 400 μm. The concentration of nitrogen (N) in feces significantly reduced (p < 0.01) as brown rice particle size decreased from 800 to 400 μm. However, there were no differences in phosphorus (P) output and absorbed P among diets. For gestating and lactating sows, a reduction in particle size from 1,000 to 800 μm significantly improved (p < 0.01) the ATTD of DM, GE, and CP in diets. However, there was also no improvement in the ATTD of energy and nutrients for pigs fed brown rice milled from 800 to 400 μm. In conclusion, considering the energy required for milling and nutrient digestibility, milling brown rice to 600 and 800 μm are recommended in diets for young pigs and adult sows, respectively. The OPS of brown rice for pigs at different physiological stages should be considered to economically and accurately formulate diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxuan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengfei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Li T, Balthasar JP. Application of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Predict the Effects of FcRn Inhibitors in Mice, Rats, and Monkeys. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:701-713. [PMID: 30423340 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in developing inhibitors of the neonatal Fc-receptor, FcRn, for use in the treatment for humoral autoimmune conditions. We have developed a new physiologically based pharmacokinetic model that is capable of characterizing the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-FcRn monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in mice, rats, and monkeys. The model includes incorporation of FcRn recycling of immune gamma globulin (IgG) in hematopoietic cells in addition to FcRn recycling of IgG in vascular endothelial cells and considers FcRn turnover and intracellular cycling. The model captured antibody disposition in wild-type and FcRn-knockout mice and rats, and also predicted the effects of intravenous immune globulin and anti-FcRn mAb on IgG disposition. Simulations predicted the change in IgG clearance in response to intravenous immune globulin with good accuracy in rats (mean prediction error of 7.15% ± 7.67%). In monkeys, prediction windows for simulated IgG concentration versus time data, as generated through Monte Carlo simulation, were able to capture the effects of anti-FcRn mAb on endogenous IgG. The model may have utility in guiding preclinical evaluations of anti-FcRn therapies in development, potentially assisting in the identification of optimal dosing strategies for this emerging class of immunosuppressive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Joseph P Balthasar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214.
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Development of a gut microbe-targeted nonlethal therapeutic to inhibit thrombosis potential. Nat Med 2018; 24:1407-1417. [PMID: 30082863 PMCID: PMC6129214 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota-derived metabolite that enhances both platelet responsiveness and in vivo thrombosis potential in animal models, and TMAO plasma levels predict incident atherothrombotic event risks in human clinical studies. TMAO is formed by gut microbe-dependent metabolism of trimethylamine (TMA) moiety-containing nutrients, which are abundant in a Western diet. Here, using a mechanism-based inhibitor approach targeting a major microbial TMA-generating enzyme pair, CutC and CutD (CutC/D), we developed inhibitors that are potent, time-dependent, and irreversible and that do not affect commensal viability. In animal models, a single oral dose of a CutC/D inhibitor significantly reduced plasma TMAO levels for up to 3 d and rescued diet-induced enhanced platelet responsiveness and thrombus formation, without observable toxicity or increased bleeding risk. The inhibitor selectively accumulated within intestinal microbes to millimolar levels, a concentration over 1-million-fold higher than needed for a therapeutic effect. These studies reveal that mechanism-based inhibition of gut microbial TMA and TMAO production reduces thrombosis potential, a critical adverse complication in heart disease. They also offer a generalizable approach for the selective nonlethal targeting of gut microbial enzymes linked to host disease limiting systemic exposure of the inhibitor in the host.
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Jacob Filho W, Lima CC, Paunksnis MRR, Silva AA, Perilhão MS, Caldeira M, Bocalini D, de Souza RR. Reference database of hematological parameters for growing and aging rats. Aging Male 2018; 21:145-148. [PMID: 28696817 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2017.1350156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The normal hematological values in various phases of the rat life provide a valuable guide to researchers and could be useful for experimental works. However, database information available on the literature are incomplete. AIM This study aimed to present normal hematological parameters of young and aged rats. METHODS Male and female rats were distributed into seven experimental groups with 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of age. Blood samples taken from the tails were analyzed. Normal hematological values were determined for each age group. RESULTS Rats showed a progressive weight gain with advancing age, predominantly after 3 months of life. With advancing age, differences were found on hematological parameters: some of them showed a progressive rise with age and others did not. Hemoglobin levels and hematocrit did not change while the number of circulating red blood cells suffered slight increase. CONCLUSION The present study determined the normal values for absolute and relative hematological parameters in Wistar rats from 2 to 24 months for male and female rats. The results can be used in studies of effects of aging, feeding, and medications on growing and aging rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Jacob Filho
- a Faculdade de Medicina, Geriatric Department , Universidade de Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
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Khushboo M, Murthy MK, Devi MS, Sanjeev S, Ibrahim KS, Kumar NS, Roy VK, Gurusubramanian G. Testicular toxicity and sperm quality following copper exposure in Wistar albino rats: ameliorative potentials of L-carnitine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:1837-1862. [PMID: 29103113 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0624-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Copper is a persistent toxic and bio-accumulative heavy metal of global concern. Continuous exposure of copper compounds of different origin is the most common form of copper poisoning and in turn adversely altering testis morphology and function and affecting sperm quality. L-carnitine has a vital role in the spermatogenesis, physiology of sperm, sperm production and quality. This study was designed to examine whether the detrimental effects of long-term copper consumption on sperm quality and testis function of Wistar albino rat could be prevented by L-carnitine therapy. The parameters included were sperm quality (concentration, viability, motility, and morphology), histopathology, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum urea, serum creatinine, serum testosterone and testis antioxidant enzyme levels (superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase), and biomarkers of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation and expression of heat shock protein 70 in testis). Three-month-old male Wistar rats (n = 30) were divided into six groups as group 1 (G1, 0.9% saline control), group 2 (G2, CuSO4 200 mg/kg dissolved in 0.9% saline water), groups 3 and 4 (G3 and G4, L-carnitine 50 and 100 mg/kg dissolved in 0.9% saline water, respectively), and groups 5 and 6 (G5 and G6, CuSO4 200 mg/kg plus L-carnitine, 50 and 100 mg/kg dissolved in 0.9% saline water, respectively). Doses of copper (200 mg/kg) and L-carnitine (50 and 100 mg/kg) alone and in combinations along with untreated control were administered orally for 30 days. The following morphological, physiological, and biochemical alterations were observed due to chronic exposure of copper (200 mg/kg) to rats in comparison with the untreated control: (1) generation of oxidative stress through rise in testis lipid peroxidation (12.21 vs 3.5 nmol MDA equivalents/mg protein) and upregulation of heat shock protein (overexpression of HSP70 in testis), (2) liver and kidney dysfunction [elevation in serum ALT (81.65 vs 48.08 IU/L), AST (156.82 vs 88.25 IU/L), ALP (230.54 vs 148.16 IU/L), urea (12.65 vs 7.45 mmol/L), and creatinine (80.61 vs 48.25 μmol/L) levels], (3) significant decrease in body (99.64 vs 106.09 g) and organ weights (liver-3.48 vs 4.99 g; kidney-429.29 vs 474.78 mg; testes-0.58 vs 0.96 g), (4) imbalance in hormonal and antioxidant enzyme concentrations [significant decline in serum testosterone (0.778 vs 3.226 ng/mL), superoxide dismutase (3.07 vs 8.55 μmol/mg protein), and glutathione-S-transferase (59.28 vs 115.58 nmol/mg protein) levels], (5) severe alterations in the testis histomorphology [sloughed cells (90.65%, score 4 vs 15.65%, score 1), vacuolization (85.95%, score 4 vs 11.45%, score 1), cellular debris along with degenerative characteristics, accentuated germ cell depletion in the seminiferous epithelium, severe damage of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells (73.56%, score 3 vs 0%, score 1)], (6) suppression of spermatogenic process [hypospermatogenesis (low Jhonsen testicular biopsy score 4 vs 9.5), decrease in tubules size (283.75 vs 321.25 μm in diameter), and no. of germ cells (81.8 vs 148.7/100 tubules), Leydig cells (5.2 vs 36.65/100 tubules), and Sertoli cells (8.1 vs 13.5/100 tubules)], (7) sperm transit time was shorter in caput and cauda and ensued in incomplete spermatogenic process and formation of immature sperm leading to infertility, (8) sperm quality was affected significantly [decreased daily sperm production (13.21 vs 26.9 × 106 sperms/mL), sperm count (96.12 vs 154.25 × 106/g), sperm viability (26.88 vs 91.65%), and sperm motility (38.48 vs 64.36%)], and (9) increase of head (32.82 vs 2.01%) and tail (14.85 vs 0.14%) morphologic abnormalities and DNA fragmentation index (88.37 vs 11.11%). Oxidative stress and their related events appear to be a potential mechanism involved in copper testicular toxicity and L-carnitine supplementation significantly modulated the possible adverse effects of copper on seminiferous tubules damage, testes function, spermatogenesis, and sperm quality. It was validated that the use of L-carnitine at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg protects against copper-induced testicular tissue damage and acts as a therapeutic agent for copper heavy metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurya Khushboo
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram Central University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | | | - Maibam Sunita Devi
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram Central University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Sanasam Sanjeev
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram Central University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | | | | | - Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram Central University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India.
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Kania G, Sternak M, Jasztal A, Chlopicki S, Błażejczyk A, Nasulewicz-Goldeman A, Wietrzyk J, Jasiński K, Skórka T, Zapotoczny S, Nowakowska M. Uptake and bioreactivity of charged chitosan-coated superparamagnetic nanoparticles as promising contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 14:131-140. [PMID: 28939490 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioreactivity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) coated with thin layers of either cationic or anionic chitosan derivatives and serving as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was studied in vivo using BALB/c mouse model. Synthesized dual-modal fluorescing SPION were tracked in time using both fluorescent imaging and MRI. Although SPION started to be excreted by kidneys relatively shortly after administration they were uptaken by liver enhancing MRI contrast even up to 7 days. Importantly, chitosan-coated SPION caused only mild activation of acute phase response not affecting biochemical parameters of blood. Liver histology indicated the presence of SPION and modest increase in the number of Kupffer cells. The overall results indicated that SPION coated with ultrathin layers of chitosan ionic derivatives can serve as T2 contrast agents for diagnosis of liver diseases or imaging of other organs assuming the dose is optimized according to the need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Kania
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sternak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Błażejczyk
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Nasulewicz-Goldeman
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jasiński
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skórka
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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Al-Humadi N. Pre-clinical toxicology considerations for vaccine development. Vaccine 2017; 35:5762-5767. [PMID: 28916246 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine development requires pre-clinical toxicology studies, following good laboratory practice (GLP), before first in human (phase I) use. Many factors are critical in the final outcome of any pre-clinical toxicology study. The study design is one of these critical factors and should be carefully planned to avoid any false negative and/or false positive results. Preparation is another most critical factor in a successful study. Major changes in any procedure during the course of study should be avoided by all means. For example, if the protocol specified the tail as the site of blood collection and this procedure was used for the control group at the day of necropsy, this collection site should never be replaced by another site (e.g. foot, eye, or heart) in all other treatment groups. Food restrictions and acute restraint stress affect clinical pathology data and should be avoided in rodents. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) guidelines for frequent blood collections (weekly, monthly, or at necropsy) in any animal species should be strictly followed. Clinical pathology data will be profoundly affected by any diversion from the recommended volumes. If CO2 is specified in the protocol for anesthesia and/or euthanasia, ensuring enough quantity to use for all groups at necropsy is a very important factor. Using two different anesthetics in any study (e.g. CO2 vs. pentobarbital) may result in false positive or false negative results in clinical chemistry parameters. Quality assurance elements (SOPs, instrument validation, lab certification etc.) affect the data interpretation and the final outcome of any toxicology study. SOPs should be up to date and written clearly. All lab instruments should be validated and all laboratories should be certified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Al-Humadi
- Office of Vaccine Research & Review, CBER, Food and Drug Administration, 10904 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA.
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Fukuda T, Asou E, Nogi K, Goto K. Evaluation of mouse red blood cell and platelet counting with an automated hematology analyzer. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1707-1711. [PMID: 28845024 PMCID: PMC5658564 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An evaluation of mouse red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) counting with an automated
hematology analyzer was performed with three strains of mice, C57BL/6 (B6), BALB/c (BALB)
and DBA/2 (D2). There were no significant differences in RBC and PLT counts between manual
and automated optical methods in any of the samples, except for D2 mice. For D2, RBC
counts obtained using the manual method were significantly lower than those obtained using
the automated optical method (P<0.05), and PLT counts obtained using
the manual method were higher than those obtained using the automated optical method
(P<0.05). An automated hematology analyzer can be used for RBC and
PLT counting; however, an appropriate method should be selected when D2 mice samples are
used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruko Fukuda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-1-11 Kaga Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Eri Asou
- Teikyo University Hospital, 2-1-11 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0005, Japan
| | - Kimiko Nogi
- Teikyo University Hospital, 2-1-11 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0005, Japan
| | - Kazuo Goto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-1-11 Kaga Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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Abstract
Sorting cells by their type is an important capability in biological research and medical diagnostics. However, most cell sorting techniques rely on labels or tags, which may have limited availability and specificity. Sorting different cell types by their different physical properties is an attractive alternative to labels because all cells intrinsically have these physical properties. But some physical properties, like cell size, vary significantly from cell to cell within a cell type; this makes it difficult to identify and sort cells based on their sizes alone. In this work we continuously sort different cells types by their density, a physical property with much lower cell-to-cell variation within a cell type (and therefore greater potential to discriminate different cell types) than other physical properties. We accomplish this using a 3D-printed microfluidic chip containing a horizontal flowing micron-scale density gradient. As cells flow through the chip, Earth’s gravity makes each cell move vertically to the point where the cell’s density matches the surrounding fluid’s density. When the horizontal channel then splits, cells with different densities are routed to different outlets. As a proof of concept, we use our density sorter chip to sort polymer microbeads by their material (polyethylene and polystyrene) and blood cells by their type (white blood cells and red blood cells). The chip enriches the fraction of white blood cells in a blood sample from 0.1% (in whole blood) to nearly 98% (in the output of the chip), a 1000x enrichment. Any researcher with access to a 3D printer can easily replicate our density sorter chip and use it in their own research using the design files provided as online Supporting Information. Additionally, researchers can simulate the performance of a density sorter chip in their own applications using the Python-based simulation software that accompanies this work. The simplicity, resolution, and throughput of this technique make it suitable for isolating even rare cell types in complex biological samples, in a wide variety of different research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Norouzi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Heran C. Bhakta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - William H. Grover
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Alvey CM, Spinler KR, Irianto J, Pfeifer CR, Hayes B, Xia Y, Cho S, Dingal PCPD, Hsu J, Smith L, Tewari M, Discher DE. SIRPA-Inhibited, Marrow-Derived Macrophages Engorge, Accumulate, and Differentiate in Antibody-Targeted Regression of Solid Tumors. Curr Biol 2017; 27:2065-2077.e6. [PMID: 28669759 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Marrow-derived macrophages are highly phagocytic, but whether they can also traffic into solid tumors and engulf cancer cells is questionable, given the well-known limitations of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Here, SIRPα on macrophages from mouse and human marrow was inhibited to block recognition of its ligand, the "marker of self" CD47 on all other cells. These macrophages were then systemically injected into mice with fluorescent human tumors that had been antibody targeted. Within days, the tumors regressed, and single-cell fluorescence analyses showed that the more the macrophages engulfed, the more they accumulated within regressing tumors. Human-marrow-derived macrophages engorged on the human tumors, while TAMs were minimally phagocytic, even toward CD47-knockdown tumors. Past studies had opsonized tumors in situ with antibody and/or relied on mouse TAMs but had not injected SIRPα-inhibited cells; also, unlike past injections of anti-CD47, blood parameters remained normal and safe. Consistent with tumor-selective engorge-and-accumulate processes in vivo, phagocytosis in vitro inhibited macrophage migration through micropores that mimic features of dense 3D tissue. Accumulation of SIRPα-inhibited macrophages in tumors favored tumor regression for 1-2 weeks, but donor macrophages quickly differentiated toward non-phagocytic, high-SIRPα TAMs. Analyses of macrophages on soft (like marrow) or stiff (like solid tumors) collagenous gels demonstrated a stiffness-driven, retinoic-acid-modulated upregulation of SIRPα and the mechanosensitive nuclear marker lamin-A. Mechanosensitive differentiation was similarly evident in vivo and likely limited the anti-tumor effects, as confirmed by re-initiation of tumor regression by fresh injections of SIRPα-inhibited macrophages. Macrophage motility, phagocytosis, and differentiation in vivo are thus coupled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory M Alvey
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Graduate Group in Pharmacological Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kyle R Spinler
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charlotte R Pfeifer
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brandon Hayes
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuntao Xia
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sangkyun Cho
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - P C P Dave Dingal
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jake Hsu
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lucas Smith
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Manu Tewari
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Graduate Group in Pharmacological Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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