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Xu C. The Oryza sativa transcriptome responds spatiotemporally to polystyrene nanoplastic stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172449. [PMID: 38615784 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Nanoplastic represents an emerging abiotic stress facing modern agriculture, impacting global crop production. However, the molecular response of crop plants to this stress remains poorly understood at a spatiotemporal resolution. We therefore used RNA sequencing to profile the transcriptome expressed in rice (Oryza sativa) root and leaf organs at 1, 2, 4, and 8 d post exposure with nanoplastic. We revealed a striking similarity between the rice biomass dynamics in aboveground parts to that in belowground parts during nanoplastic stress, but transcriptome did not. At the global transcriptomic level, a total of 2332 differentially expressed genes were identified, with the majority being spatiotemporal specific, reflecting that nanoplastics predominantly regulate three processes in rice seedlings: (1) down-regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and starch, sucrose and nitrogen metabolism, (2) activation of defense responses such as brassinosteroid biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and (3) modulation of jasmonic acid and cytokinin signaling pathways by transcription factors. Notably, the genes involved in plant-pathogen interaction were shown to be successively modulated by both root and leaf organs, particularly plant disease defense genes (OsWRKY24, OsWRKY53, Os4CL3, OsPAL4, and MPK5), possibly indicating that nanoplastics affect rice growth indirectly through other biota. Finally, we associated biomass phenotypes with the temporal reprogramming of rice transcriptome by weighted gene co-expression network analysis, noting a significantly correlation with photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis that may reflect the mechanisms of biomass reduction. Functional analysis further identified PsbY, MYB, cytochrome P450, and AP2/ERF as hub genes governing these pathways. Overall, our work provides the understanding of molecular mechanisms of rice in response to nanoplastics, which in turn suggests how rice might behave in a nanoplastic pollution scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchan Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Wang Y, Jin G, Song S, Jin Y, Wang X, Yang S, Shen X, Gan Y, Wang Y, Li R, Liu JX, Hu J, Pan R. A peroxisomal cinnamate:CoA ligase-dependent phytohormone metabolic cascade in submerged rice germination. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1363-1378.e4. [PMID: 38579719 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the ability of rice to germinate underwater is a largely enigmatic but key research question highly relevant to rice cultivation. Moreover, although rice is known to accumulate salicylic acid (SA), SA biosynthesis is poorly defined, and its role in underwater germination is unknown. It is also unclear whether peroxisomes, organelles essential to oilseed germination and rice SA accumulation, play a role in rice germination. Here, we show that submerged imbibition of rice seeds induces SA accumulation to promote germination in submergence. Two submergence-induced peroxisomal Oryza sativa cinnamate:CoA ligases (OsCNLs) are required for this SA accumulation. SA exerts this germination-promoting function by inducing indole-acetic acid (IAA) catabolism through the IAA-amino acid conjugating enzyme GH3. The metabolic cascade we identified may potentially be adopted in agriculture to improve the underwater germination of submergence-intolerant rice varieties. SA pretreatment is also a promising strategy to improve submerged rice germination in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaochen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuyan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yijun Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuaiqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingxing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinbo Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuexing Wang
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ronghui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, Zhejiang, China.
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Li Z, Chen H, Yuan DP, Jiang X, Li ZM, Wang ST, Zhou TG, Zhu HY, Bian Q, Zhu XF, Xuan YH. IDD10-NAC079 transcription factor complex regulates sheath blight resistance by inhibiting ethylene signaling in rice. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00222-4. [PMID: 38825317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is a pathogen causing rice sheath blight (ShB). Ammonium transporter 1 (AMT1) promotes resistance of rice to ShB by activating ethylene signaling. However, how AMT1 activates ethylene signaling remains unclear. OBJECTIVE In this study, the indeterminate domain 10 (IDD10)-NAC079 interaction model was used to investigate whether ethylene signaling is modulated downstream of ammonium signaling and modulates ammonium-mediated ShB resistance. METHODS RT-qPCR assay was used to identify the relative expression levels of nitrogen and ethylene related genes. Yeast two-hybrid assays, Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay were conducted to verify the IDD10-NAC079-calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase 31 (CIPK31) transcriptional complex. Yeast one-hybrid assay, Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, and Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) were used to verify whether ETR2 was activated by IDD10 and NAC079. Ethylene quantification assay was used to verify ethylene content in IDD10 transgenic plants. Genetic analysis is used to detect the response of IDD10, NAC079 and CIPK31 to ShB infestation. RESULTS IDD10-NAC079 forms a transcription complex that activates ETR2 to inhibit the ethylene signaling pathway to negatively regulating ShB resistance. CIPK31 interacts and phosphorylates NAC079 to enhance its transcriptional activation activity. In addition, AMT1-mediated ammonium absorption and subsequent N assimilation inhibit the expression of IDD10 and CIPK31 to activate the ethylene signaling pathway, which positively regulates ShB resistance. CONCLUSION The study identified the link between ammonium and ethylene signaling and improved the understanding of the rice resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Huan Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - De Peng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Plant Protection, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xu Jiang
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhi Min Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Si Ting Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tian Ge Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hong Yao Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qiang Bian
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiao Feng Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Yuan Hu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Plant Protection, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Chen P, Wang J, Liu Q, Liu J, Mo Q, Sun B, Mao X, Jiang L, Zhang J, Lv S, Yu H, Chen W, Liu W, Li C. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis of Rice Cultivar CBB23 after Inoculation by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Strains AH28 and PXO99 A. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1411. [PMID: 38794481 PMCID: PMC11124827 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial leaf blight (BLB), among the most serious diseases in rice production, is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Xa23, the broadest resistance gene against BLB in rice, is widely used in rice breeding. In this study, the rice variety CBB23 carrying the Xa23 resistance gene was inoculated with AH28 and PXO99A to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the resistance. Transcriptome sequencing of the infected leaves showed 7997 DEGs between the two strains at different time points, most of which were up-regulated, including cloned rice anti-blight, peroxidase, pathology-related, protein kinase, glucosidase, and other coding genes, as well as genes related to lignin synthesis, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and secondary metabolites. Additionally, the DEGs included 40 cloned, five NBS-LRR, nine SWEET family, and seven phenylalanine aminolyase genes, and 431 transcription factors were differentially expressed, the majority of which belonged to the WRKY, NAC, AP2/ERF, bHLH, and MYB families. Metabolomics analysis showed that a large amount of alkaloid and terpenoid metabolite content decreased significantly after inoculation with AH28 compared with inoculation with PXO99A, while the content of amino acids and their derivatives significantly increased. This study is helpful in further discovering the pathogenic mechanism of AH28 and PXO99A in CBB23 rice and provides a theoretical basis for cloning and molecular mechanism research related to BLB resistance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingli Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510335, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qiaoping Mo
- Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510335, China
| | - Bingrui Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xingxue Mao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Liqun Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuwei Lv
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Weixiong Chen
- Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510335, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Liu H, He Q, Hu Y, Lu R, Wu S, Feng C, Yuan K, Wang Z. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profile Analysis of the Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Gene Family in Hevea brasiliensis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5052. [PMID: 38732270 PMCID: PMC11084274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The majority of the world's natural rubber comes from the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). As a key enzyme for synthesizing phenylpropanoid compounds, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) has a critical role in plant satisfactory growth and environmental adaptation. To clarify the characteristics of rubber tree PAL family genes, a genome-wide characterization of rubber tree PALs was conducted in this study. Eight PAL genes (HbPAL1-HbPAL8), which spread over chromosomes 3, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, and 18, were found to be present in the genome of H. brasiliensis. Phylogenetic analysis classified HbPALs into groups I and II, and the group I HbPALs (HbPAL1-HbPAL6) displayed similar conserved motif compositions and gene architectures. Tissue expression patterns of HbPALs quantified by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) proved that distinct HbPALs exhibited varying tissue expression patterns. The HbPAL promoters contained a plethora of cis-acting elements that responded to hormones and stress, and the qPCR analysis demonstrated that abiotic stressors like cold, drought, salt, and H2O2-induced oxidative stress, as well as hormones like salicylic acid, abscisic acid, ethylene, and methyl jasmonate, controlled the expression of HbPALs. The majority of HbPALs were also regulated by powdery mildew, anthracnose, and Corynespora leaf fall disease infection. In addition, HbPAL1, HbPAL4, and HbPAL7 were significantly up-regulated in the bark of tapping panel dryness rubber trees relative to that of healthy trees. Our results provide a thorough comprehension of the characteristics of HbPAL genes and set the groundwork for further investigation of the biological functions of HbPALs in rubber trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (Z.W.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhenhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Q.H.); (Y.H.); (R.L.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (K.Y.)
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Spoel SH, Dong X. Salicylic acid in plant immunity and beyond. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1451-1464. [PMID: 38163634 PMCID: PMC11062473 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
As the most widely used herbal medicine in human history and a major defence hormone in plants against a broad spectrum of pathogens and abiotic stresses, salicylic acid (SA) has attracted major research interest. With applications of modern technologies over the past 30 years, studies of the effects of SA on plant growth, development, and defence have revealed many new research frontiers and continue to deliver surprises. In this review, we provide an update on recent advances in our understanding of SA metabolism, perception, and signal transduction mechanisms in plant immunity. An overarching theme emerges that SA executes its many functions through intricate regulation at multiple steps: SA biosynthesis is regulated both locally and systemically, while its perception occurs through multiple cellular targets, including metabolic enzymes, redox regulators, transcription cofactors, and, most recently, an RNA-binding protein. Moreover, SA orchestrates a complex series of post-translational modifications of downstream signaling components and promotes the formation of biomolecular condensates that function as cellular signalling hubs. SA also impacts wider cellular functions through crosstalk with other plant hormones. Looking into the future, we propose new areas for exploration of SA functions, which will undoubtedly uncover more surprises for many years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Spoel
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Xinnian Dong
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Roychowdhury R, Mishra S, Anand G, Dalal D, Gupta R, Kumar A, Gupta R. Decoding the molecular mechanism underlying salicylic acid (SA)-mediated plant immunity: an integrated overview from its biosynthesis to the mode of action. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14399. [PMID: 38894599 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is an important phytohormone, well-known for its regulatory role in shaping plant immune responses. In recent years, significant progress has been made in unravelling the molecular mechanisms underlying SA biosynthesis, perception, and downstream signalling cascades. Through the concerted efforts employing genetic, biochemical, and omics approaches, our understanding of SA-mediated defence responses has undergone remarkable expansion. In general, following SA biosynthesis through Avr effectors of the pathogens, newly synthesized SA undergoes various biochemical changes to achieve its active/inactive forms (e.g. methyl salicylate). The activated SA subsequently triggers signalling pathways associated with the perception of pathogen-derived signals, expression of defence genes, and induction of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) to tailor the intricate regulatory networks that coordinate plant immune responses. Nonetheless, the mechanistic understanding of SA-mediated plant immune regulation is currently limited because of its crosstalk with other signalling networks, which makes understanding this hormone signalling more challenging. This comprehensive review aims to provide an integrated overview of SA-mediated plant immunity, deriving current knowledge from diverse research outcomes. Through the integration of case studies, experimental evidence, and emerging trends, this review offers insights into the regulatory mechanisms governing SA-mediated immunity and signalling. Additionally, this review discusses the potential applications of SA-mediated defence strategies in crop improvement, disease management, and sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Roychowdhury
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO) - Volcani Institute, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Sapna Mishra
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO) - Volcani Institute, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Gautam Anand
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO) - Volcani Institute, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Debalika Dalal
- Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati Central University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Rupali Gupta
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO) - Volcani Institute, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea
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Wu X, Cui Z, Li X, Yu Z, Lin P, Xue L, Khan A, Ou C, Deng Z, Zhang M, Yao W, Yu F. Identification and characterization of PAL genes involved in the regulation of stem development in Saccharum spontaneum L. BMC Genom Data 2024; 25:38. [PMID: 38689211 PMCID: PMC11061975 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-024-01219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saccharum spontaneum L. is a closely related species of sugarcane and has become an important genetic component of modern sugarcane cultivars. Stem development is one of the important factors for affecting the yield, while the molecular mechanism of stem development remains poorly understanding in S. spontaneum. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is a vital component of both primary and secondary metabolism, contributing significantly to plant growth, development and stress defense. However, the current knowledge about PAL genes in S. spontaneum is still limited. Thus, identification and characterization of the PAL genes by transcriptome analysis will provide a theoretical basis for further investigation of the function of PAL gene in sugarcane. RESULTS In this study, 42 of PAL genes were identified, including 26 SsPAL genes from S. spontaneum, 8 ShPAL genes from sugarcane cultivar R570, and 8 SbPAL genes from sorghum. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SsPAL genes were divided into three groups, potentially influenced by long-term natural selection. Notably, 20 SsPAL genes were existed on chromosomes 4 and 5, indicating that they are highly conserved in S. spontaneum. This conservation is likely a result of the prevalence of whole-genome replications within this gene family. The upstream sequence of PAL genes were found to contain conserved cis-acting elements such as G-box and SP1, GT1-motif and CAT-box, which collectively regulate the growth and development of S. spontaneum. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that SsPAL genes of stem had a significantly upregulated than that of leaves, suggesting that they may promote the stem growth and development, particularly in the + 6 stem (The sixth cane stalk from the top to down) during the growth stage. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study revealed the molecular characteristics of SsPAL genes and indicated that they may play a vital role in stem growth and development of S. spontaneum. Altogether, our findings will promote the understanding of the molecular mechanism of S. spontaneum stem development, and also contribute to the sugarcane genetic improving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zetian Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zehuai Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Pingping Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Li Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Abdullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Cailan Ou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zuhu Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wei Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Fan Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Song L, Yang T, Wang X, Ye W, Lu G. Magnaporthe oryzae Effector AvrPik-D Targets Rice Rubisco Small Subunit OsRBCS4 to Suppress Immunity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1214. [PMID: 38732428 PMCID: PMC11085154 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae), is a highly destructive disease that significantly impacts rice yield and quality. During the infection, M. oryzae secretes effector proteins to subvert the host immune response. However, the interaction between the effector protein AvrPik-D and its target proteins in rice, and the mechanism by which AvrPik-D exacerbates disease severity to facilitate infection, remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that the M. oryzae effector AvrPik-D interacts with the Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) small subunit OsRBCS4. The overexpression of the OsRBCS4 gene in transgenic rice not only enhances resistance to M. oryzae but also induces more reactive oxygen species following chitin treatment. OsRBCS4 localizes to chloroplasts and co-localizes with AvrPik-D within these organelles. AvrPik-D suppresses the transcriptional expression of OsRBCS4 and inhibits Rubisco activity in rice. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the M. oryzae effector AvrPik-D targets the Rubisco small subunit OsRBCS4 and inhibits its carboxylase and oxygenase activity, thereby suppressing rice innate immunity to facilitate infection. This provides a novel mechanism for the M. oryzae effector to subvert the host immunity to promote infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.S.); (T.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.S.); (T.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Xinxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.S.); (T.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Wenyu Ye
- China National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guodong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.S.); (T.Y.); (X.W.)
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10
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Yang X, Liu T, Yang R, Fan H, Liu X, Xuan Y, Wang Y, Chen L, Duan Y, Zhu X. Overexpression of GmPAL Genes Enhances Soybean Resistance Against Heterodera glycines. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:416-423. [PMID: 38171485 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-23-0151-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines, soybean cyst nematode [SCN]) disease adversely affects the yield of soybean and leads to billions of dollars in losses every year. To control the disease, it is necessary to study the resistance genes of the plant and their mechanisms. Isoflavonoids are secondary metabolites of the phenylalanine pathway, and they are synthesized in soybean. They are essential in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we reported that phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) genes GmPALs involved in isoflavonoid biosynthesis, can positively regulate soybean resistance to SCN. Our previous study demonstrated that the expression of GmPAL genes in the resistant cultivar Huipizhi (HPZ) heidou are strongly induced by SCN. PAL is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the first step of phenylpropanoid metabolism, and it responds to biotic or abiotic stresses. Here, we demonstrate that the resistance of soybeans against SCN is suppressed by PAL inhibitor l-α-(aminooxy)-β-phenylpropionic acid (L-AOPP) treatment. Overexpression of eight GmPAL genes caused diapause of nematodes in transgenic roots. In a petiole-feeding bioassay, we identified that two isoflavones, daidzein and genistein, could enhance resistance against SCN and suppress nematode development. This study thus reveals GmPAL-mediated resistance against SCN, information that has good application potential. The role of isoflavones in soybean resistance provides new information for the control of SCN. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ruowei Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuxi Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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11
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Xing F, Zhang L, Ge W, Fan H, Tian C, Meng F. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the importance of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis for the induced resistance of 84K poplar to anthracnose. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:306. [PMID: 38519923 PMCID: PMC10960379 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poplar anthracnose, which is one of the most important tree diseases, is primarily caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which has been detected in poplar plantations in China and is responsible for serious economic losses. The characteristics of 84K poplar that have made it one of the typical woody model plants used for investigating stress resistance include its rapid growth, simple reproduction, and adaptability. RESULTS In this study, we found that the resistance of 84K poplar to anthracnose varied considerably depending on how the samples were inoculated of the two seedlings in each tissue culture bottle, one (84K-Cg) was inoculated for 6 days, whereas the 84K-DCg samples were another seedling inoculated at the 6th day and incubated for another 6 days under the same conditions. It was showed that the average anthracnose spot diameter on 84K-Cg and 84K-DCg leaves was 1.23 ± 0.0577 cm and 0.67 ± 0.1154 cm, respectively. Based on the transcriptome sequencing analysis, it was indicated that the upregulated phenylpropanoid biosynthesis-related genes in 84K poplar infected with C. gloeosporioides, including genes encoding PAL, C4H, 4CL, HCT, CCR, COMT, F5H, and CAD, are also involved in other KEGG pathways (i.e., flavonoid biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism). The expression levels of these genes were lowest in 84K-Cg and highest in 84K-DCg. CONCLUSIONS It was found that PAL-related genes may be crucial for the induced resistance of 84K poplar to anthracnose, which enriched in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. These results will provide the basis for future research conducted to verify the contribution of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis to induced resistance and explore plant immune resistance-related signals that may regulate plant defense capabilities, which may provide valuable insights relevant to the development of effective and environmentally friendly methods for controlling poplar anthracnose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xing
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Linxuan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ge
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Chengming Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Fanli Meng
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China.
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12
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Yang X, Yan S, Li G, Li Y, Li J, Cui Z, Sun S, Huo J, Sun Y. Rice-Magnaporthe oryzae interactions in resistant and susceptible rice cultivars under panicle blast infection based on defense-related enzyme activities and metabolomics. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299999. [PMID: 38451992 PMCID: PMC10919634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice blast, caused by rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae), is a global threat to food security, with up to 50% yield losses. Panicle blast is a severe form of rice blast, and disease responses vary between cultivars with different genotypes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signaling reactions and the phenylpropanoid pathway are important defense mechanisms involved in recognizing and resisting against fungal infection. To understand rice-M. oryzae interactions in resistant and susceptible cultivars, we determined dynamic changes in the activities of five defense-related enzymes in resistant cultivar jingsui 18 and susceptible cultivar jinyuan 899 infected with M. oryzae from 4 to 25 days after infection. We then performed untargeted metabolomics analyses to profile the metabolomes of the cultivars under infected and non-infected conditions. Dynamic changes in the activities of five defense-related enzymes were closely related to panicle blast resistance in rice. Metabolome data analysis identified 634 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) between resistant and susceptible cultivars following infection, potentially explaining differences in disease response between varieties. The most enriched DAMs were associated with lipids and lipid-like molecules, phenylpropanoids and polyketides, organoheterocyclic compounds, organic acids and derivatives, and lignans, neolignans, and related compounds. Multiple metabolic pathways are involved in resistance to panicle blast in rice, including biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, tyrosine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, lysine biosynthesis, and oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, P.R.China
| | - Shuangyong Yan
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, P.R.China
| | - Guangsheng Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, P.R.China
| | - Yuejiao Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, P.R.China
| | - Junling Li
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, P.R.China
| | - Zhongqiu Cui
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, P.R.China
| | - Shuqin Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, P.R.China
| | - Jianfei Huo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, P.R.China
| | - Yue Sun
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, P.R.China
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13
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Wang Y, Xu W, Liu Y, Yang J, Guo X, Zhang J, Pu J, Chen N, Zhang W. Identification and Transcriptome Analysis of a Novel Allelic Mutant of NAL1 in Rice. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:325. [PMID: 38540384 PMCID: PMC10970654 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Leaf morphology is a crucial aspect of plant architecture, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf development remain incompletely understood. In this study, a narrow leaf mutant, m625, was identified in rice (Oryza sativa L.), exhibiting pleiotropic developmental defects. Pigment measurement revealed reduced levels of photochromic pigments in m625. Cytological analysis demonstrated that the m625 gene affected vascular patterns and cell division. Specifically, the narrowing of the leaf was attributed to a decrease in small vein number, shorter vein spacing, and an abnormal V-shaped arrangement of bulliform cells, while the thickening was caused by longer leaf veins, thicker mesophyll cells, and an increased number of parenchyma cell layers. The dwarf stature and thickened internode were primarily due to shortened internodes and an increase in cell layers, respectively. Positional cloning and complementation assays indicated that the m625 gene is a novel allele of NAL1. In the m625 mutant, a nucleotide deletion at position 1103 in the coding sequence of NAL1 led to premature termination of protein translation. Further RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that the m625 gene significantly impacted regulatory pathways related to IAA and ABA signal transduction, photosynthesis, and lignin biosynthesis. Moreover, the m625 mutant displayed thinner sclerenchyma and cell walls in both the leaf and stem, particularly showing reduced lignified cell walls in the midrib of the leaf. In conclusion, our study suggests that NAL1, in addition to its known roles in IAA transport and leaf photosynthesis, may also participate in ABA signal transduction, as well as regulate secondary cell wall formation and sclerenchyma thickness through lignification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- College of Agricultural Science, Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Liangshan 615013, China; (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (X.G.); (J.Z.); (J.P.); (W.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wanxin Xu
- College of Agricultural Science, Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Liangshan 615013, China; (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (X.G.); (J.Z.); (J.P.); (W.Z.)
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Agricultural Science, Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Liangshan 615013, China; (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (X.G.); (J.Z.); (J.P.); (W.Z.)
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Agricultural Science, Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Liangshan 615013, China; (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (X.G.); (J.Z.); (J.P.); (W.Z.)
| | - Xin Guo
- College of Agricultural Science, Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Liangshan 615013, China; (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (X.G.); (J.Z.); (J.P.); (W.Z.)
| | - Jiaruo Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science, Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Liangshan 615013, China; (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (X.G.); (J.Z.); (J.P.); (W.Z.)
| | - Jisong Pu
- College of Agricultural Science, Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Liangshan 615013, China; (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (X.G.); (J.Z.); (J.P.); (W.Z.)
| | - Nenggang Chen
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China;
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science, Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Liangshan 615013, China; (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (X.G.); (J.Z.); (J.P.); (W.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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14
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Peracchi LM, Panahabadi R, Barros-Rios J, Bartley LE, Sanguinet KA. Grass lignin: biosynthesis, biological roles, and industrial applications. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1343097. [PMID: 38463570 PMCID: PMC10921064 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1343097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Lignin is a phenolic heteropolymer found in most terrestrial plants that contributes an essential role in plant growth, abiotic stress tolerance, and biotic stress resistance. Recent research in grass lignin biosynthesis has found differences compared to dicots such as Arabidopsis thaliana. For example, the prolific incorporation of hydroxycinnamic acids into grass secondary cell walls improve the structural integrity of vascular and structural elements via covalent crosslinking. Conversely, fundamental monolignol chemistry conserves the mechanisms of monolignol translocation and polymerization across the plant phylum. Emerging evidence suggests grass lignin compositions contribute to abiotic stress tolerance, and periods of biotic stress often alter cereal lignin compositions to hinder pathogenesis. This same recalcitrance also inhibits industrial valorization of plant biomass, making lignin alterations and reductions a prolific field of research. This review presents an update of grass lignin biosynthesis, translocation, and polymerization, highlights how lignified grass cell walls contribute to plant development and stress responses, and briefly addresses genetic engineering strategies that may benefit industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi M. Peracchi
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Rahele Panahabadi
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Jaime Barros-Rios
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Laura E. Bartley
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Karen A. Sanguinet
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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15
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Ojeda-Rivera JO, Ulloa M, Pérez-Zavala FG, Nájera-González HR, Roberts PA, Yong-Villalobos L, Yadav H, Chávez Montes RA, Herrera-Estrella L, Lopez-Arredondo D. Enhanced phenylpropanoid metabolism underlies resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 4 infection in the cotton cultivar Pima-S6 ( Gossypium barbadense L.). Front Genet 2024; 14:1271200. [PMID: 38259617 PMCID: PMC10800685 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1271200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV) race 4 (FOV4) is a highly pathogenic soil-borne fungus responsible for Fusarium wilt in cotton (Gossypium spp.) and represents a continuing threat to cotton production in the southwest states of the United States, including California, New Mexico, and Texas. Pima (G. barbadense L.) cotton, which is highly valued for its fiber quality, has been shown to be more susceptible to this pathogen than Upland (G. hirsutum L.) cotton. Still, some Pima cultivars present resistance to FOV4 infection. Methods: To gain insights into the FOV4-resistance mechanism, we performed comparative transcriptional and metabolomic analyses between FOV4-susceptible and FOV4-resistant Pima cotton entries. FOV4-resistant Pima-S6 and FOV4-susceptible Pima S-7 and Pima 3-79 cotton plants were infected with FOV4 in the greenhouse, and the roots harvested 11 days post-infection for further analysis. Results: We found that an enhanced root phenylpropanoid metabolism in the resistant Pima-S6 cultivar determines FOV4-resistance. Gene-ontology enrichment of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and metabolism categories correlated with the accumulation of secondary metabolites in Pima-S6 roots. Specifically, we found esculetin, a coumarin, an inhibitor of Fusarium's growth, accumulated in the roots of Pima-S6 even under non-infected conditions. Genes related to the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and metabolism, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2 (PAL2) and pleiotropic drug resistance 12 (PDR12) transporter, were found to be upregulated in Pima-S6 roots. Discussion: Our results highlight an essential role for the phenylpropanoid synthesis pathway in FOV4 resistance in Pima-S6 cotton. These genes represent attractive research prospects for FOV4-disease resistance and breeding approaches of other cotton cultivars of economic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Odilón Ojeda-Rivera
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Plant and Soil Science Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Mauricio Ulloa
- Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plains Area, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Francisco G. Pérez-Zavala
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Plant and Soil Science Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Héctor-Rogelio Nájera-González
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Plant and Soil Science Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Philip A. Roberts
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Lenin Yong-Villalobos
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Plant and Soil Science Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Himanshu Yadav
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Plant and Soil Science Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Ricardo A. Chávez Montes
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Plant and Soil Science Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Luis Herrera-Estrella
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Plant and Soil Science Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Unidad de Genomica Avanzada/Langebio, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Damar Lopez-Arredondo
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Plant and Soil Science Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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16
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Liu J, Lefevere H, Coussement L, Delaere I, De Meyer T, Demeestere K, Höfte M, Gershenzon J, Ullah C, Gheysen G. The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase inhibitor AIP induces rice defence against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13424. [PMID: 38279847 PMCID: PMC10817824 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme catalyses the conversion of l-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid. This conversion is the first step in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in plants. The phenylpropanoid pathway produces diverse plant metabolites that play essential roles in various processes, including structural support and defence. Previous studies have shown that mutation of the PAL genes enhances disease susceptibility. Here, we investigated the functions of the rice PAL genes using 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid (AIP), a strong competitive inhibitor of PAL enzymes. We show that the application of AIP can significantly reduce the PAL activity of rice crude protein extracts in vitro. However, when AIP was applied to intact rice plants, it reduced infection of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola. RNA-seq showed that AIP treatment resulted in a rapid but transient upregulation of defence-related genes in roots. Moreover, targeted metabolomics demonstrated higher levels of jasmonates and antimicrobial flavonoids and diterpenoids accumulating after AIP treatment. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of the jasmonate pathway abolished the effect of AIP on nematode infection. Our results show that disturbance of the phenylpropanoid pathway by the PAL inhibitor AIP induces defence in rice against M. graminicola by activating jasmonate-mediated defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of BiotechnologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- College of Plant ProtectionHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | | | - Louis Coussement
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical ModellingGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Ilse Delaere
- Department of Plants and CropsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Tim De Meyer
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical ModellingGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Monica Höfte
- Department of Plants and CropsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Chhana Ullah
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
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17
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Zhang H, Ikram M, Li R, Xia Y, Zhao W, Yuan Q, Siddique KHM, Guo P. Uncovering the transcriptional responses of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) roots to Ralstonia solanacearum infection: a comparative study of resistant and susceptible cultivars. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:620. [PMID: 38057713 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04633-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco bacterial wilt (TBW) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is the most serious soil-borne disease of tobacco that significantly reduces crop yield. However, the limited availability of resistance in tobacco hinders breeding efforts for this disease. RESULTS In this study, we conducted hydroponic experiments for the root expression profiles of D101 (resistant) and Honghuadajinyuan (susceptible) cultivars in response to BW infection at 0 h, 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, and 7d to explore the defense mechanisms of BW resistance in tobacco. As a result, 20,711 and 16,663 (total: 23,568) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the resistant and susceptible cultivars, respectively. In brief, at 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, and 7 d, the resistant cultivar showed upregulation of 1553, 1124, 2583, and 7512 genes, while the susceptible cultivar showed downregulation of 1213, 1295, 813, and 7735 genes. Similarly, across these time points, the resistant cultivar had downregulation of 1034, 749, 1686, and 11,086 genes, whereas the susceptible cultivar had upregulation of 1953, 1790, 2334, and 6380 genes. The resistant cultivar had more up-regulated genes at 3 d and 7 d than the susceptible cultivar, indicating that the resistant cultivar has a more robust defense response against the pathogen. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these genes are involved in responses to oxidative stress, plant-pathogen interactions, cell walls, glutathione and phenylalanine metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction. Among the DEGs, 239 potential candidate genes were detected, including 49 phenylpropane/flavonoids pathway-associated, 45 glutathione metabolic pathway-associated, 47 WRKY, 48 ERFs, eight ARFs, 26 pathogenesis-related genes (PRs), and 14 short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase genes. In addition, two highly expressed novel genes (MSTRG.61386-R1B-17 and MSTRG.61568) encoding nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) proteins were identified in both cultivars at 7 d. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed significant enrichment of DEGs in GO and KEGG terms linked to glutathione, flavonoids, and phenylpropane pathways, indicating the potential role of glutathione and flavonoids in early BW resistance in tobacco roots. These findings offer fundamental insight for further exploration of the genetic architecture and molecular mechanisms of BW resistance in tobacco and solanaceous plants at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ronghua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanshi Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weicai Zhao
- Guangdong Research Institute of Tobacco Science, Shaoguan, 512029, China
| | - Qinghua Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Peiguo Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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18
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Desmedt W, Ameye M, Filipe O, De Waele E, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Deforce D, Van Meulebroek L, Vanhaecke L, Kyndt T, Höfte M, Audenaert K. Molecular analysis of broad-spectrum induced resistance in rice by the green leaf volatile Z-3-hexenyl acetate. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6804-6819. [PMID: 37624920 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Green leaf volatiles (GLVs), volatile organic compounds released by plants upon tissue damage, are key signaling molecules in plant immunity. The ability of exogenous GLV application to trigger an induced resistance (IR) phenotype against arthropod pests has been widely reported, but its effectiveness against plant pathogens is less well understood. In this study, we combined mRNA sequencing-based transcriptomics and phytohormone measurements with multispectral imaging-based precision phenotyping to gain insights into the molecular basis of Z-3-hexenyl acetate-induced resistance (Z-3-HAC-IR) in rice. Furthermore, we evaluated the efficacy of Z-3-HAC-IR against a panel of economically significant rice pathogens: Pyricularia oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, and Meloidogyne graminicola. Our data revealed rapid induction of jasmonate metabolism and systemic induction of plant immune responses upon Z-3-HAC exposure, as well as a transient allocation cost due to accelerated chlorophyll degradation and nutrient remobilization. Z-3-HAC-IR proved effective against all tested pathogens except for C. miyabeanus, including against the (hemi)biotrophs M. graminicola, X. oryzae pv. oryzae, and P. oryzae. The Z-3-HAC-IR phenotype was lost in the jasmonate (JA)-deficient hebiba mutant, which confirms the causal role of JA in Z-3-HAC-IR. Together, our results show that GLV exposure in rice induces broad-spectrum, JA-mediated disease resistance with limited allocation costs, and may thus be a promising alternative crop protection approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Desmedt
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Osvaldo Filipe
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien De Waele
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemse Steenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemse Steenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieven Van Meulebroek
- Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Epigenetics and Defence Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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19
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Yang X, Yan S, Li Y, Li G, Sun S, Li J, Cui Z, Huo J, Sun Y, Wang X, Liu F. Comparison of Transcriptome between Tolerant and Susceptible Rice Cultivar Reveals Positive and Negative Regulators of Response to Rhizoctonia solani in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14310. [PMID: 37762614 PMCID: PMC10532033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the world's most crucial food crops, as it currently supports more than half of the world's population. However, the presence of sheath blight (SB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani has become a significant issue for rice agriculture. This disease is responsible for causing severe yield losses each year and is a threat to global food security. The breeding of SB-resistant rice varieties requires a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved and the exploration of immune genes in rice. To this end, we conducted a screening of rice cultivars for resistance to SB and compared the transcriptome based on RNA-seq between the most tolerant and susceptible cultivars. Our study revealed significant transcriptomic differences between the tolerant cultivar ZhengDao 22 (ZD) and the most susceptible cultivar XinZhi No.1 (XZ) in response to R. solani invasion. Specifically, the tolerant cultivar showed 7066 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), while the susceptible cultivar showed only 60 DEGs. In further analysis, we observed clear differences in gene category between up- and down-regulated expression of genes (uDEGs and dDEGs) based on Gene Ontology (GO) classes in response to infection in the tolerant cultivar ZD, and then identified uDEGs related to cell surface pattern recognition receptors, the Ca2+ ion signaling pathway, and the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascade that play a positive role against R. solani. In addition, DEGs of the jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling pathways were mainly positively regulated, whereas DEGs of the auxin signaling pathway were mainly negatively regulated. Transcription factors were involved in the immune response as either positive or negative regulators of the response to this pathogen. Furthermore, our results showed that chloroplasts play a crucial role and that reduced photosynthetic capacity is a critical feature of this response. The results of this research have important implications for better characterization of the molecular mechanism of SB resistance and for the development of resistant cultivars through molecular breeding methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Shuangyong Yan
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Yuejiao Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Guangsheng Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Shuqin Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Junling Li
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Zhongqiu Cui
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Jianfei Huo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Fangzhou Liu
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
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20
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Zheng S, Xu C, Lv G, Shuai H, Zhang Q, Zhu Q, Zhu H, Huang D. Foliar zinc reduced Cd accumulation in grains by inhibiting Cd mobility in the xylem and increasing Cd retention ability in roots 1. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122046. [PMID: 37339732 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution endangers the safe utilization of paddy soils, and foliar zinc (Zn) can reduce the toxic effects of Cd. However, little is known about the effects of foliar Zn application on the transport and immobilization of Cd in key rice tissues and the physiological state of rice plants. A pot experiment was conducted to explore the effects of spraying 0.2% and 0.4% Zn (ZnSO4) during the early grain-filling stage on Cd transport in rice, photosynthesis, glutathione (GSH) levels, Cd concentrations in xylem sap, and the expression of Zn transporter genes. The results showed that grain Cd concentrations in the 0.2% Zn and 0.4% Zn treatments were 24% and 31% lower, respectively, than those of the control treatments at maturity. Compared with the control treatments, the 0.4% Zn treatment increased Cd by 60%, 69%, 23%, and 22% in husks, rachises, first internodes, and roots, respectively. Application of Zn reduced xylem Cd content by up to 26% and downregulated transporter genes (OSZIP12, OSZIP4, and OSZIP7a) in flag leaves. Foliar Zn increased Cd bioaccumulation in roots while decreasing Cd bioaccumulation in grains. Zn reduced GSH concentration in flag leaves and stems, inhibiting photosynthesis (intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate). Taken together, foliar Zn can reduce the expression of Zn transporter genes and the mobility of Cd in the xylem, promoting the fixation of Cd in husks, rachises, first internodes, and roots, ultimately reducing Cd concentration in rice grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Guanghui Lv
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Hong Shuai
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Qihong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Hanhua Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Daoyou Huang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
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21
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Wu Y, Zha W, Qiu D, Guo J, Liu G, Li C, Wu B, Li S, Chen J, Hu L, Shi S, Zhou L, Zhang Z, Du B, You A. Comprehensive identification and characterization of lncRNAs and circRNAs reveal potential brown planthopper-responsive ceRNA networks in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1242089. [PMID: 37636117 PMCID: PMC10457010 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1242089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål, BPH) is one of the most destructive pests of rice. Non-coding RNA plays an important regulatory role in various biological processes. However, comprehensive identification and characterization of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in BPH-infested rice have not been performed. Here, we performed a genome-wide analysis of lncRNAs and circRNAs in BPH6-transgenic (resistant, BPH6G) and Nipponbare (susceptible, NIP) rice plants before and after BPH feeding (early and late stage) via deep RNA-sequencing. A total of 310 lncRNAs and 129 circRNAs were found to be differentially expressed. To reveal the different responses of resistant and susceptible rice to BPH herbivory, the potential functions of these lncRNAs and circRNAs as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) were predicted and investigated using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. Dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed that miR1846c and miR530 were targeted by the lncRNAs XLOC_042442 and XLOC_028297, respectively. In responsive to BPH infestation, 39 lncRNAs and 21 circRNAs were predicted to combine with 133 common miRNAs and compete for miRNA binding sites with 834 mRNAs. These mRNAs predictably participated in cell wall organization or biogenesis, developmental growth, single-organism cellular process, and the response to stress. This study comprehensively identified and characterized lncRNAs and circRNAs, and integrated their potential ceRNA functions, to reveal the rice BPH-resistance network. These results lay a foundation for further study on the functions of lncRNAs and circRNAs in the rice-BPH interaction, and enriched our understanding of the BPH-resistance response in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjun Zha
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongfeng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Changyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Bian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Sanhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Junxiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaojie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aiqing You
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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22
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Zhang X, Wang Q, Fan G, Tang L, Shao Y, Mao B, Lv Q, Zhao B. Utilizing differences in bTH tolerance between the parents of two-line hybrid rice to improve the purity of hybrid rice seed. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1217893. [PMID: 37600184 PMCID: PMC10435883 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1217893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Two-line hybrid rice based on Photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (P/TGMS) lines has been developed and applied widely in agriculture due to the freedom in making hybrid combinations, less difficulty in breeding sterile lines, and simpler procedures for breeding and producing hybrid seed. However, there are certain risks associated with hybrid seed production; if the temperature during the P/TGMS fertility-sensitive period is lower than the critical temperature, seed production will fail due to self-pollination. In a previous study, we found that the issue of insufficient purity of two-line hybrid rice seed could be initially addressed by using the difference in tolerance to β-triketone herbicides (bTHs) between the female parent and the hybrid seeds. Methods In this study, we further investigated the types of applicable herbicides, application methods, application time, and the effects on physiological and biochemical indexes and yield in rice. Results The results showed that this method could be used for hybrid purification by soaking seeds and spraying plants with the bTH benzobicylon (BBC) at safe concentrations in the range of 37.5-112.5 mg/L, and the seeds could be soaked in BBC at a treatment rate of 75.0 mg/L for 36-55 h without significant negative effects. The safe concentration for spraying in the field is 50.0-400.0 mg/L BBC at the three-leaf stage. Unlike BBC, Mesotrione (MST) can only be sprayed to achieve hybrid purification at concentrations between 10.0 and 70.0 mg/L without affecting yield. The three methods of hybrid seed purification can reach 100% efficiency without compromising the nutritional growth and yield of hybrid rice. Moreover, transcriptome sequencing revealed that 299 up-regulated significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the resistant material (Huazhan) poisoned by BBC, were mainly enriched in phenylalanine metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, it may eliminate the toxic effects of herbicides through this way. Discussion Our study establishes a foundation for the application of the bTH seed purification strategy and the three methods provide an effective mechanism for improving the purity of two-line hybrid rice seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Guojian Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Tang
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Ye Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Bigang Mao
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Qiming Lv
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Bingran Zhao
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
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23
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Sims I, Jayaweera D, Swarup K, Ray RV. Molecular Characterization of Defense of Brassica napus (Oilseed Rape) to Rhizoctonia solani AG2-1 Confirmed by Functional Analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1525-1536. [PMID: 36935378 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-22-0305-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a necrotrophic, soilborne fungal pathogen associated with significant establishment losses in Brassica napus (oilseed rape; OSR). The anastomosis group (AG) 2-1 of R. solani is the most virulent to OSR, causing damping-off, root and hypocotyl rot, and seedling death. Resistance to R. solani AG2-1 in OSR has not been identified, and the regulation of OSR defense to its adapted pathogen, AG2-1, has not been investigated. In this work, we used confocal microscopy to visualize the progress of infection by sclerotia of AG2-1 on B. napus varieties with contrasting disease phenotypes. We defined their defense response using gene expression studies and functional analysis with Arabidopsis thaliana mutants. Our results showed existing variation in susceptibility to AG2-1 and plant growth between OSR varieties, and differential expression of genes of hormonal and defense pathways related to auxin, ethylene, jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and reactive oxygen species regulation. Auxin, abscisic acid signaling, and the MYC2 branch of jasmonate signaling contributed to the susceptibility to AG2-1, while induced systemic resistance was enhanced by NAPDH RBOHD, ethylene signaling, and the ERF/PDF branch of jasmonate signaling. These results pave the way for future research, which will lead to the development of Brassica crops that are more resistant to AG2-1 of R. solani and reduce dependence on chemical control options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Sims
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD
| | - Dasuni Jayaweera
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD
| | - Kamal Swarup
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD
| | - Rumiana V Ray
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD
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24
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Lee S, Völz R, Lim YJ, Harris W, Kim S, Lee YH. The nuclear effector MoHTR3 of Magnaporthe oryzae modulates host defence signalling in the biotrophic stage of rice infection. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:602-615. [PMID: 36977203 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fungal effectors play a pivotal role in suppressing the host defence system, and their evolution is highly dynamic. By comparative sequence analysis of plant-pathogenic fungi and Magnaporthe oryzae, we identified the small secreted C2 H2 zinc finger protein MoHTR3. MoHTR3 exhibited high conservation in M. oryzae strains but low conservation among other plant-pathogenic fungi, suggesting an emerging evolutionary selection process. MoHTR3 is exclusively expressed in the biotrophic stage of fungal invasion, and the encoded protein localizes to the biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC) and the host cell nucleus. The signal peptide crucial for MoHTR3' secretion to the BIC and the protein section required for its translocation to the nucleus were both identified by a functional protein domain study. The host-nuclear localization of MoHTR3 suggests a function as a transcriptional modulator of host defence gene induction. After ΔMohtr3 infection, the expression of jasmonic acid- and ethylene-associated genes was diminished in rice, in contrast to when the MoHTR3-overexpressing strain (MoHTR3ox) was applied. The transcript levels of salicylic acid- and defence-related genes were also affected after ΔMohtr3 and MoHTR3ox application. In pathogenicity assays, ΔMohtr3 was indistinguishable from the wild type. However, MoHTR3ox-infected plants showed diminished lesion formation and hydrogen peroxide accumulation, accompanied by a decrease in susceptibility, suggesting that the MoHTR3-induced manipulation of host cells affects host-pathogen interaction. MoHTR3 emphasizes the role of the host nucleus as a critical target for the pathogen-driven manipulation of host defence mechanisms and underscores the ongoing evolution of rice blast's arms race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehee Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ronny Völz
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - You-Jin Lim
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - William Harris
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongbeom Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Plant Microbiome Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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25
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Dai X, Wang Y, Yu K, Zhao Y, Xiong L, Wang R, Li S. OsNPR1 Enhances Rice Resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae by Upregulating Rice Defense Genes and Repressing Bacteria Virulence Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108687. [PMID: 37240026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacteria pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) infects rice and causes the severe disease of rice bacteria blight. As the central regulator of the salic acid (SA) signaling pathway, NPR1 is responsible for sensing SA and inducing the expression of pathogen-related (PR) genes in plants. Overexpression of OsNPR1 significantly increases rice resistance to Xoo. Although some downstream rice genes were found to be regulated by OsNPR1, how OsNPR1 affects the interaction of rice-Xoo and alters Xoo gene expression remains unknown. In this study, we challenged the wild-type and OsNPR1-OE rice materials with Xoo and performed dual RNA-seq analyses for the rice and Xoo genomes simultaneously. In Xoo-infected OsNPR1-OE plants, rice genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis and SA signaling pathways, as well as PR genes and nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) genes, were significantly upregulated compared to rice variety TP309. On the other hand, Xoo genes involved in energy metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolism, and transportation were repressed. Many virulence genes of Xoo, including genes encoding components of type III and other secretion systems, were downregulated by OsNPR1 overexpression. Our results suggest that OsNPR1 enhances rice resistance to Xoo by bidirectionally regulating gene expression in rice and Xoo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Dai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yankai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaili Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yonghui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Langyu Xiong
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Ruozhong Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shengben Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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26
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Ning J, He W, Wu L, Chang L, Hu M, Fu Y, Liu F, Sun H, Gu P, Ndjiondjop M, Sun C, Zhu Z. The MYB transcription factor Seed Shattering 11 controls seed shattering by repressing lignin synthesis in African rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:931-942. [PMID: 36610008 PMCID: PMC10106857 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
African cultivated rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud.) was domesticated from its wild progenitor species (Oryza barthii) about 3000 years ago. Seed shattering is one of the main constraints on grain production in African cultivated rice, which causes severe grain losses during harvest. By contrast, Asian cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) displays greater resistance to seed shattering, allowing higher grain production. A better understanding in regulation of seed shattering would help to improve harvesting efficiency in African cultivated rice. Here, we report the map-based cloning and characterization of OgSH11, a MYB transcription factor controlling seed shattering in O. glaberrima. OgSH11 represses the expression of lignin biosynthesis genes and lignin deposition by binding to the promoter of GH2. We successfully developed a new O. glaberrima material showing significantly reduced seed shattering by knockout of SH11 in O. glaberrima using CRISPR-Cas9 mediated approach. Identification of SH11 not only supplies a new target for seed shattering improvement in African cultivated rice, but also provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of abscission layer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ning
- National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice), Department of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wei He
- National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice), Department of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Linhua Wu
- National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice), Department of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Leqin Chang
- National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice), Department of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Min Hu
- National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice), Department of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yongcai Fu
- National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice), Department of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Fengxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hongying Sun
- National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice), Department of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ping Gu
- National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice), Department of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | | | - Chuanqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zuofeng Zhu
- National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice), Department of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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27
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Alariqi M, Ramadan M, Wang Q, Yang Z, Hui X, Nie X, Ahmed A, Chen Q, Wang Y, Zhu L, Zhang X, Jin S. Cotton 4-coumarate-CoA ligase 3 enhanced plant resistance to Verticillium dahliae by promoting jasmonic acid signaling-mediated vascular lignification and metabolic flux. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36994650 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Lignins and their antimicrobial-related polymers cooperatively enhance plant resistance to pathogens. Several isoforms of 4-coumarate-coenzyme A ligases (4CLs) have been identified as indispensable enzymes involved in lignin and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways. However, their roles in plant-pathogen interaction are still poorly understood. This study uncovers the role of Gh4CL3 in cotton resistance to the vascular pathogen Verticillium dahliae. The cotton 4CL3-CRISPR/Cas9 mutant (CR4cl) exhibited high susceptibility to V. dahliae. This susceptibility was most probably due to the reduction in the total lignin content and the biosynthesis of several phenolic metabolites, e.g., rutin, catechin, scopoletin glucoside, and chlorogenic acid, along with jasmonic acid (JA) attenuation. These changes were coupled with a significant reduction in 4CL activity toward p-coumaric acid substrate, and it is likely that recombinant Gh4CL3 could specifically catalyze p-coumaric acid to form p-coumaroyl-coenzyme A. Thus, overexpression of Gh4CL3 (OE4CL) showed increasing 4CL activity that augmented phenolic precursors, cinnamic, p-coumaric, and sinapic acids, channeling into lignin and flavonoid biosyntheses and enhanced resistance to V. dahliae. Besides, Gh4CL3 overexpression activated JA signaling that instantly stimulated lignin deposition and metabolic flux in response to pathogen, which all established an efficient plant defense response system, and inhibited V. dahliae mycelium growth. Our results propose that Gh4CL3 acts as a positive regulator for cotton resistance against V. dahliae by promoting JA signaling-mediated enhanced cell wall rigidity and metabolic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Alariqi
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Department of Agronomy and Pastures, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Mohamed Ramadan
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiongqiong Wang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | | | - Xi Hui
- Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinhui Nie
- Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Amani Ahmed
- College of Food Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiansi Chen
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyin Wang
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alaer, Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Longfu Zhu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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28
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Molecular regulation of immunity in tea plants. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2883-2892. [PMID: 36538170 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tea, which is mainly produced using the young leaves and buds of tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze), is one of the most common non-alcoholic beverages consumed in the world. The standard of tea mostly depends on the variety and quality of tea plants, which generally grow in subtropical areas, where the warm and humid conditions are also conducive to the occurrence of diseases. In fighting against pathogens, plants rely on their sophisticated innate immune systems which has been extensively studied in model plants. Many components involved in pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) triggered immunity (PTI) and effector triggered immunity (ETI) have been found. Nevertheless, the molecular regulating network against pathogens (e.g., Pseudopestalotiopsis sp., Colletotrichum sp. and Exobasidium vexans) causing widespread disease (such as grey blight disease, anthracnose, and blister blight) in tea plants is still unclear. With the recent release of the genome data of tea plants, numerous genes involved in tea plant immunity have been identified, and the molecular mechanisms behind tea plant immunity is being studied. Therefore, the recent achievements in identifying and cloning functional genes/gene families, in finding crucial components of tea immunity signaling pathways, and in understanding the role of secondary metabolites have been summarized and the opportunities and challenges in the future studies of tea immunity are highlighted in this review.
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29
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Wang T, Li X, Zhang C, Xu J. Transcriptome analysis of Ganoderma lingzhi (Agaricomycetes) response to Trichoderma hengshanicum infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1131599. [PMID: 36910175 PMCID: PMC9996313 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1131599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Green mold caused by Trichoderma spp. has become one of the most serious diseases which threatening the production of Ganoderma lingzhi. To understand the possible resistance mechanism of the G. lingzhi response to T. hengshanicum infection, we examined the G. lingzhi transcript accumulation at 0, 12, and 24 h after T. hengshanicum inoculation. The gene expression analysis was conducted on the interaction between G. lingzhi and T. hengshanicum using RNA-seq and digital gene expression (DGE) profiling methods. Transcriptome sequencing indicated that there were 162 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at three infection time points, containing 15 up-regulated DEGs and 147 down-regulated DEGs. Resistance-related genes thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) (PR-5s), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and Beta-1,3-glucan binding protein were significantly up-regulated. At the three time points of infection, the heat shock proteins (HSPs) genes of G. lingzhi were down-regulated. The down-regulation of HSPs genes led to the inhibition of HSP function, which may compromise the HSP-mediated defense signaling transduction pathway, leading to G. lingzhi susceptibility. Pathway enrichment analyses showed that the main enriched pathways by G. lingzhi after infection were sphingolipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, and valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation pathway. Overall, the results described here improve fundamental knowledge of molecular responses to G. lingzhi defense and contribute to the design of strategies against Trichoderma spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Agricultural College, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Agricultural College, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Chunlan Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Changchun University, Changchun, China
| | - Jize Xu
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Agricultural College, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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30
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Mmbando GS, Ando S, Takahashi H, Hidema J. High ultraviolet-B sensitivity due to lower CPD photolyase activity is needed for biotic stress response to the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN PHOTOCHEMISTRY ASSOCIATION AND THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR PHOTOBIOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s43630-023-00379-4. [PMID: 36729358 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sensitivity to ultraviolet-B (UVB, 280-315 nm) radiation varies widely among rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars due to differences in the activity of cyclobutane pyrimidines dimer (CPD) photolyase. Interestingly, cultivars with high UVB sensitivity and low CPD photolyase activity have been domesticated in tropical areas with high UVB radiation. Here, we investigated how differences in CPD photolyase activity affect plant resistance to the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, which is one of the other major stresses. We used Asian and African rice cultivars and transgenic lines with different CPD photolyase activities to evaluate the interaction effects of CPD photolyase activity on resistance to M. oryzae. In UVB-resistant rice plants overexpressing CPD photolyase, 12 h of low-dose UVB (0.4 W m-2) pretreatment enhanced sensitivity to M. oryzae. In contrast, UVB-sensitive rice (transgenic rice with antisense CPD photolyase, A-S; and rice cultivars with low CPD photolyase activity) showed resistance to M. oryzae. Several defense-related genes were upregulated in UVB-sensitive rice compared to UVB-resistant rice. UVB-pretreated A-S plants showed decreased multicellular infection and robust accumulation of reactive oxygen species. High UVB-induced CPD accumulation promoted defense responses and cross-protection mechanisms against rice blast disease. This may indicate a trade-off between high UVB sensitivity and biotic stress tolerance in tropical rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon S Mmbando
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.,Department of Biology, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Dodoma, P. O. Box 256, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Sugihiro Ando
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Jun Hidema
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
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31
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Gou M, Balint-Kurti P, Xu M, Yang Q. Quantitative disease resistance: Multifaceted players in plant defense. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:594-610. [PMID: 36448658 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to large-effect qualitative disease resistance, quantitative disease resistance (QDR) exhibits partial and generally durable resistance and has been extensively utilized in crop breeding. The molecular mechanisms underlying QDR remain largely unknown but considerable progress has been made in this area in recent years. In this review, we summarize the genes that have been associated with plant QDR and their biological functions. Many QDR genes belong to the canonical resistance gene categories with predicted functions in pathogen perception, signal transduction, phytohormone homeostasis, metabolite transport and biosynthesis, and epigenetic regulation. However, other "atypical" QDR genes are predicted to be involved in processes that are not commonly associated with disease resistance, such as vesicle trafficking, molecular chaperones, and others. This diversity of function for QDR genes contrasts with qualitative resistance, which is often based on the actions of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) resistance proteins. An understanding of the diversity of QDR mechanisms and of which mechanisms are effective against which classes of pathogens will enable the more effective deployment of QDR to produce more durably resistant, resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Peter Balint-Kurti
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Mingliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Maize Biology and Genetic Breeding in Arid Area of Northwest Region of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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32
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Xue R, Li Q, Guo R, Yan H, Ju X, Liao L, Zeng R, Song Y, Wang J. Rice Defense Responses Orchestrated by Oral Bacteria of the Rice Striped Stem Borer, Chilo suppressalis. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 16:1. [PMID: 36622503 PMCID: PMC9829949 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant defenses in response to chewing insects are generally regulated by jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway, whereas salicylic acid (SA) signaling is mainly involved in plant defense against biotrophic pathogens and piercing-sucking insects. Previous studies showed that both JA- and SA-related defenses in rice plants were triggered by the infestation of the rice striped stem borer (SSB, Chilo suppressalis), a destructive pest causing severe damage to rice production. Herbivore-associated microbes play an important role in modulating plant-insect interaction, and thus we speculate that the SSB symbiotic microbes acting as a hidden player may cause this anomalous result. The antibiotics (AB) treatment significantly depressed the performance of field-collected SSB larvae on rice plants, and reduced the quantities of bacteria around the wounds of rice stems compared to non-AB treatment. In response to mechanical wounding and oral secretions (OS) collected from non-AB treated larvae, rice plants exhibited lower levels of JA-regulated defenses, but higher levels of SA-regulated defenses compared to the treatment of OS from AB-treated larvae determined by using a combination of biochemical and molecular methods. Among seven culturable bacteria isolated from the OS of SSB larvae, Enterobacter and Acinetobacter contributed to the suppression of JA signaling-related defenses in rice plants, and axenic larvae reinoculated with these two strains displayed better performance on rice plants. Our findings demonstrate that SSB larvae exploit oral secreted bacteria to interfere with plant anti-herbivore defense and avoid fully activating the JA-regulated antiherbivore defenses of rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ruiqing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xueyang Ju
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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33
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Pant S, Huang Y. Genome-wide studies of PAL genes in sorghum and their responses to aphid infestation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22537. [PMID: 36581623 PMCID: PMC9800386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.25) plays a crucial role in plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the current knowledge about PAL proteins in sorghum is essentially lacking. Thus, in this study we aimed to analyze the PAL family genes in sorghum using a genome-wide approach and to explore the role of PAL genes in host plant resistance to aphids via SA-mediated defense signaling. Here, we report gene structural features of 8 PAL (SbPAL) genes in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), their phylogeny, protein motifs and promoter analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the SbPAL genes were induced by sugarcane aphid (SCA) infestation and SbPAL exhibited differential gene expression in susceptible and resistant genotypes. PAL activity assays further validated upregulated expression of the SbPAL genes in a resistant genotype. In addition, exogenous application of SA reduced plant damage and suppressed aphid population growth and fecundity in susceptible genotype, suggesting that those SbPAL genes act as positive regulator of the SA-mediated defense signaling pathway to combat aphid pests in sorghum. This study provides insights for further examination of the defense role of PAL in sorghum against other pests and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Pant
- grid.508981.dUnited States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Plant Science Research Laboratory, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA
| | - Yinghua Huang
- grid.508981.dUnited States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Plant Science Research Laboratory, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA
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34
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Desmedt W, Kudjordjie EN, Chavan SN, Desmet S, Nicolaisen M, Vanholme B, Vestergård M, Kyndt T. Distinct chemical resistance-inducing stimuli result in common transcriptional, metabolic, and nematode community signatures in rice root and rhizosphere. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7564-7581. [PMID: 36124630 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Induced resistance (IR), a phenotypic state induced by an exogenous stimulus and characterized by enhanced resistance to future (a)biotic challenge, is an important component of plant immunity. Numerous IR-inducing stimuli have been described in various plant species, but relatively little is known about 'core' systemic responses shared by these distinct IR stimuli and the effects of IR on plant-associated microbiota. In this study, rice (Oryza sativa) leaves were treated with four distinct IR stimuli (β-aminobutyric acid, acibenzolar-S-methyl, dehydroascorbic acid, and piperonylic acid) capable of inducing systemic IR against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola and evaluated their effect on the root transcriptome and exudome, and root-associated nematode communities. Our results reveal shared transcriptional responses-notably induction of jasmonic acid and phenylpropanoid metabolism-and shared alterations to the exudome that include increased amino acid, benzoate, and fatty acid exudation. In rice plants grown in soil from a rice field, IR stimuli significantly affected the composition of rhizosphere nematode communities 3 d after treatment, but by 14 d after treatment these changes had largely reverted. Notably, IR stimuli did not reduce nematode diversity, which suggests that IR might offer a sustainable option for managing plant-parasitic nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Desmedt
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Enoch Narh Kudjordjie
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Satish Namdeo Chavan
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, 500030 Hyderabad, India
| | - Sandrien Desmet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core Ghent, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mogens Nicolaisen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mette Vestergård
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Liu Y, Zhang W, Wang Y, Xie L, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Li W, Wu M, Cui J, Wang W, Zhang Z. Nudix hydrolase 14 influences plant development and grain chalkiness in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1054917. [PMID: 36570941 PMCID: PMC9773146 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1054917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nudix hydrolases (NUDX) can hydrolyze a wide range of organic pyrophosphates and are widely distributed in various organisms. Previous studies have shown that NUDXs are extensively involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses in different plant species; however, the role of NUDXs in plant growth and development remains largely unknown. In the present study, we identified and characterized OsNUDX14 localized in the mitochondria in rice. Results showed that OsNUDX14 is constitutively expressed in various tissues and most strongly expressed in mature leaves. We used CRISPR/Cas9 introducing mutations that editing OsNUDX14 and its encoding product. OsNUDX14-Cas9 (nudx14) lines presented early flowering and a larger flag leaf angle during the reproductive stage. In addition, OsNUDX14 affected grain chalkiness in rice. Furthermore, transcript profile analysis indicated that OsNUDX14 is associated with lignin biosynthesis in rice. Six major haplotypes were identified by six OsNUDX14 missense mutations, including Hap_1 to Hap_6. Accessions having the Hap_5 allele were geographically located mainly in South and Southeast Asia with a low frequency in the Xian/indica subspecies. This study revealed that OsNUDX14 is associated with plant development and grain chalkiness, providing a potential opportunity to optimize plant architecture and quality for crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zemin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Liu S, Wang T, Meng G, Liu J, Lu D, Liu X, Zeng Y. Cytological observation and transcriptome analysis reveal dynamic changes of Rhizoctonia solani colonization on leaf sheath and different genes recruited between the resistant and susceptible genotypes in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1055277. [PMID: 36407598 PMCID: PMC9669801 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1055277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is a big threat to the global rice production. To characterize the early development of R. solani on rice leaf and leaf sheath, two genotypes, GD66 (a resistant genotype) and Lemont (a susceptible genotype), were observed using four cytological techniques: the whole-mount eosin B-staining confocal laser scanning microscopy (WE-CLSM), stereoscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and plastic semi-thin sectioning after in vitro inoculation. WE-CLSM observation showed that, at 12 h post-inoculation (hpi), the amount of hyphae increased dramatically on leaf and sheath surface, the infection cushions occurred and maintained at a huge number from about 18 to 36 hpi, and then the infection cushions disappeared gradually from about 42 to 72 hpi. Interestingly, R. solani could not only colonize on the abaxial surfaces of leaf sheath but also invade the paraxial side of the leaf sheath, which shows a different behavior from that of leaf. RNA sequencing detected 6,234 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for Lemont and 7,784 DEGs for GD66 at 24 hpi, and 2,523 DEGs for Lemont and 2,719 DEGs for GD66 at 48 hpi, suggesting that GD66 is recruiting more genes in fighting against the pathogen. Among DEGs, resistant genes, such as OsRLCK5, Xa21, and Pid2, displayed higher expression in the resistant genotype than the susceptible genotype at both 24 and 48 hpi, which were validated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Our results indicated that the resistance phenotype of GD66 was the consequence of recruiting a series of resistance genes involved in different regulatory pathways. WE-CLSM is a powerful technique for uncovering the mechanism of R. solani invading rice and for detecting rice sheath blight-resistant germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanglin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianya Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoxian Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dibai Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
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Ninkuu V, Yan J, Zhang L, Fu Z, Yang T, Li S, Li B, Duan J, Ren J, Li G, Yang X, Zeng H. Hrip1 mediates rice cell wall fortification and phytoalexins elicitation to confer immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:980821. [PMID: 36212323 PMCID: PMC9546723 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.980821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae is a potent fungus that adversely affects rice yield. Combinatorial techniques of prevention, toxic chemicals, and fungicide are used to remedy rice blast infection. We reported the role of Hrip1 in cell death elicitation and expression of systematic acquired resistance that could potentially stifle M. oryzae infection. In this study, transcriptome and metabolomic techniques were used to investigate the mechanism by which Hrip1 reprogramed the transcriptome of rice seedlings to confer immunity against M. oryzae. Our results showed that Hrip1 induces cell wall thickening and phytoalexin elicitation to confer immunity against M. oryzae infection. Hrip1 activates key lignin biosynthetic genes and myeloblastosis transcription factors that act as molecular switches for lignin production. Lignin content was increased by 68.46% and more after 48 h onwards in Hrip1-treated seedlings compared to the control treatment. Further analysis of cell wall morphology using the transmission electron microscopy technique revealed over 100% cell wall robustness. Hrip1 also induced the expression of 24 diterpene synthases. These include class I and II terpene synthases, cytochrome P450 subfamilies (OsCYP76M and OsCYP71Z), and momilactones synthases. The relationship between the expression of these genes and metabolic elicitation was analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Enhanced amounts of momilactones A and B, oryzalactone, and phytocassane A and G were detected in the Hrip1-treated leaves. We also identified seven benzoxazinoid genes (BX1-BX7) that could improve rice immunity. Our findings show that Hrip1 confers dual immunity by leveraging lignin and phytoalexins for physical and chemical resistance. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying Hrip1-treated plant immunity.
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Wang R, Chen Y, Kaur G, Wu X, Nguyen HT, Shen R, Pandey AK, Lan P. Differentially reset transcriptomes and genome bias response orchestrate wheat response to phosphate deficiency. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13767. [PMID: 36281840 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for all organisms. Phosphate (Pi) deficiency reduces grain yield and quality in wheat. Understanding how wheat responds to Pi deficiency at the global transcriptional level remains limited. We revisited the available RNA-seq transcriptome from Pi-starved wheat roots and shoots subjected to Pi starvation. Genome-wide transcriptome resetting was observed under Pi starvation, with a total of 917 and 2338 genes being differentially expressed in roots and shoots, respectively. Chromosomal distribution analysis of the gene triplets and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that the D genome displayed genome induction bias and, specifically, the chromosome 2D might be a key contributor to Pi-limiting triggered gene expression response. Alterations in multiple metabolic pathways pertaining to secondary metabolites, transcription factors and Pi uptake-related genes were evidenced. This study provides genomic insight and the dynamic landscape of the transcriptional changes contributing to the hexaploid wheat during Pi starvation. The outcomes of this study and the follow-up experiments have the potential to assist the development of Pi-efficient wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- UWA Institute of Agriculture, and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gazaldeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Xiaoba Wu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Henry T Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Renfang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ajay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ping Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhou J, Li Y, Wang X, Liu Y, David-Schwartz R, Weissberg M, Qiu S, Guo Z, Yang F. Analysis of Elymus nutans seed coat development elucidates the genetic basis of metabolome and transcriptome underlying seed coat permeability characteristics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:970957. [PMID: 36061807 PMCID: PMC9437961 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.970957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The seed coat takes an important function in the life cycle of plants, especially seed growth and development. It promotes the accumulation of nutrients inside the seed and protects the seed embryo from mechanical damage. Seed coat permeability is an important characteristic of seeds, which not only affects seed germination, but also hinders the detection of seed vigor by electrical conductivity (EC) method. This research aimed to elucidate the mechanism of seed coat permeability formation through metabolome and transcriptome analysis of Elymus nutans. We collected the samples at 8, 18, and 28 days post-anthesis (dpa), and conducted a seed inclusion exosmosis experiment and observed the seed coat permeability. Moreover, we analyzed the changes in the metabolome and transcriptome during different development stages. Here, taking 8 dpa as control, 252 upregulated and 157 downregulated differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were observed and 886 upregulated unigenes and 1170 downregulated unigenes were identified at 18 dpa, while 4907 upregulated unigenes and 8561 downregulated unigenes were identified at 28 dpa. Meanwhile, we observed the components of ABC transporters, the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and phenylalanine metabolism pathways. The key metabolites and genes affecting seed coat permeability were thiamine and salicylic acid. Furthermore, there were 13 and 14 genes with correlation coefficients greater than 0.8 with two key metabolites, respectively, and the -log2Fold Change- of these genes were greater than 1 at different development stages. Meanwhile, pathogenesis-related protein 1 and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase play an important role in regulating the formation of compounds. Our results outline a framework for understanding the development changes during seed growth of E. nutans and provide insights into the traits of seed coat permeability and supply a great significance value to seed production and quality evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Qinghai University, Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Yijia Liu
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rakefet David-Schwartz
- Volcani Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Institute of Plant Sciences, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Mira Weissberg
- Volcani Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Institute of Plant Sciences, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Shuiling Qiu
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenfei Guo
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fulin Yang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Wu Q, Jing HK, Feng ZH, Huang J, Shen RF, Zhu XF. Salicylic Acid Acts Upstream of Auxin and Nitric Oxide (NO) in Cell Wall Phosphorus Remobilization in Phosphorus Deficient Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:42. [PMID: 35920901 PMCID: PMC9349334 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is thought to be involved in phosphorus (P) stress response in plants, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we showed that P deficiency significantly increased the endogenous SA content by inducing the SA synthesis pathway, especially for up-regulating the expression of PAL3. Furthermore, rice SA synthetic mutants pal3 exhibited the decreased root and shoot soluble P content, indicating that SA is involved in P homeostasis in plants. Subsequently, application of exogenous SA could increase the root and shoot soluble P content through regulating the root and shoot cell wall P reutilization. In addition, - P + SA treatment highly upregulated the expression of P transporters such as OsPT2 and OsPT6, together with the increased xylem P content, suggesting that SA also participates in the translocation of the P from the root to the shoot. Moreover, both signal molecular nitric oxide (NO) and auxin (IAA) production were enhanced when SA is applied while the addition of respective inhibitor c-PTIO (NO scavenger) and NPA (IAA transport inhibitor) significantly decreased the root and shoot cell wall P remobilization in response to P starvation. Taken together, here SA-IAA-NO-cell wall P reutilization pathway has been discovered in P-starved rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huai-Kang Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Hang Feng
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138657, Japan
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ren-Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Molecular cloning and characterization of three phenylalanine ammonia-lyase genes from Schisandra chinensis. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:527-536. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Jiang M, Yu N, Zhang Y, Liu L, Li Z, Wang C, Cheng S, Cao L, Liu Q. Deletion of Diterpenoid Biosynthetic Genes CYP76M7 and CYP76M8 Induces Cell Death and Enhances Bacterial Blight Resistance in Indica Rice ‘9311’. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137234. [PMID: 35806236 PMCID: PMC9266670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants (LMMs) are ideal materials for studying cell death and resistance mechanisms. Here, we identified and mapped a novel rice LMM, g380. The g380 exhibits a spontaneous hypersensitive response-like cell death phenotype accompanied by excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulated expression of pathogenesis-related genes, as well as enhanced resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Using a map-based cloning strategy, a 184,916 bp deletion on chromosome 2 that overlaps with the diterpenoid biosynthetic gene cluster was identified in g380. Accordingly, the content of diterpenoids decreased in g380. In addition, lignin, one of the physical lines of plant defense, was increased in g380. RNA-seq analysis showed 590 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEG) between the wild-type 9311 and g380, 585 of which were upregulated in g380. Upregulated genes in g380 were mainly enriched in the monolignol biosynthesis branches of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, the plant–pathogen interaction pathway and the phytoalexin-specialized diterpenoid biosynthesis pathway. Taken together, our results indicate that the diterpenoid biosynthetic gene cluster on chromosome 2 is involved in immune reprogramming, which in turn regulates cell death in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (M.J.); (N.Y.); (Y.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (S.C.)
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Ning Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (M.J.); (N.Y.); (Y.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (S.C.)
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (M.J.); (N.Y.); (Y.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (S.C.)
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (M.J.); (N.Y.); (Y.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (S.C.)
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (M.J.); (N.Y.); (Y.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (S.C.)
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (M.J.); (N.Y.); (Y.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (S.C.)
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Shihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (M.J.); (N.Y.); (Y.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (S.C.)
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Liyong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (M.J.); (N.Y.); (Y.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (S.C.)
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
- Northern Center for China National Rice Research Institute, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qunen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (M.J.); (N.Y.); (Y.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (S.C.)
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (Q.L.)
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Chen S, Sun B, Shi Z, Miao X, Li H. Identification of the rice genes and metabolites involved in dual resistance against brown planthopper and rice blast fungus. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1914-1929. [PMID: 35343596 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Brown planthopper (BPH) and blast disease jointly or individually cause big yield losses every year. To identify genes and metabolites with potential contributions to the dual resistance against both biotic-stress factors, we carried out a transcriptome and metabolome analysis for susceptible and resistant rice varieties after BPH and rice blast infestations. Coexpression network analysis identified a modular pattern that had the highest correlation coefficients (0.81) after the BPH and rice blast (-0.81) treatments. In total, 134 phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway-related genes were detected in this group. We found that the flavanone 3-hydroxylase gene (OsF3H) had opposite expression trends in response to BPH and rice blast infestations whereas the OsF3'H had similar expression patterns. Genetics analysis confirmed that the OsF3H gene knockdown lines demonstrated the opposite resistance phenotypes against BPH and rice blast, whereas the OsF3'H knockout lines enhanced rice resistance against both pests. Consistently, our metabolomics analysis identified the metabolite eriodictyol, one putative essential product of these two genes, that was more highly accumulated in the resistant rice variety of RHT than in the susceptible variety MDJ. This study highlights a useful strategy for identifying more genes and metabolites that have potential synergistic effects on rice against to multiple biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Chen
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexia Miao
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haichao Li
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Xiao G, Zhang Q, Zeng X, Chen X, Liu S, Han Y. Deciphering the Molecular Signatures Associated With Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Strawberry Flower by Comparative and Dynamic Transcriptome Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:888939. [PMID: 35720571 PMCID: PMC9198642 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.888939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea, which is considered to be the second most destructive necrotrophic fungus, leads to major economic losses in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) production. B. cinerea preferentially infects strawberry flowers and fruits, leading to flower blight and fruit rot. Compared with those of the fruit, the mechanisms of flower defense against B. cinerea remain largely unexplored. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to unveil the resistance mechanisms of strawberry flower through dynamic and comparative transcriptome analysis with resistant and susceptible strawberry cultivars. Our experimental data suggest that resistance to B. cinerea in the strawberry flower is probably regulated at the transcriptome level during the early stages of infection and strawberry flower has highly complex and dynamic regulatory networks controlling a multi-layered defense response to B. cinerea. First of all, the higher expression of disease-resistance genes but lower expression of cell wall degrading enzymes and peroxidases leads to higher resistance to B. cinerea in the resistant cultivar. Interestingly, CPKs, RBOHDs, CNGCs, and CMLs comprised a calcium signaling pathway especially play a crucial role in enhancing resistance by increasing their expression. Besides, six types of phytohormones forming a complex regulatory network mediated flower resistance, especially JA and auxin. Finally, the genes involved in the phenylpropanoid and amino acids biosynthesis pathways were gene sets specially expressed or different expression genes, both of them contribute to the flower resistance to B. cinerea. These data provide the foundation for a better understanding of strawberry gray mold, along with detailed genetic information and resistant materials to enable genetic improvement of strawberry plant resistance to gray mold.
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Molisso D, Coppola M, Buonanno M, Di Lelio I, Aprile AM, Langella E, Rigano MM, Francesca S, Chiaiese P, Palmieri G, Tatè R, Sinno M, Barra E, Becchimanzi A, Monti SM, Pennacchio F, Rao R. Not Only Systemin: Prosystemin Harbors Other Active Regions Able to Protect Tomato Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:887674. [PMID: 35685017 PMCID: PMC9173717 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.887674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Prosystemin is a 200-amino acid precursor expressed in Solanaceae plants which releases at the C-terminal part a peptidic hormone called Systemin in response to wounding and herbivore attack. We recently showed that Prosystemin is not only a mere scaffold of Systemin but, even when deprived of Systemin, is biologically active. These results, combined with recent discoveries that Prosystemin is an intrinsically disordered protein containing disordered regions within its sequence, prompted us to investigate the N-terminal portions of the precursor, which contribute to the greatest disorder within the sequence. To this aim, PS1-70 and PS1-120 were designed, produced, and structurally and functionally characterized. Both the fragments, which maintained their intrinsic disorder, were able to induce defense-related genes and to protect tomato plants against Botrytis cinerea and Spodoptera littoralis larvae. Intriguingly, the biological activity of each of the two N-terminal fragments and of Systemin is similar but not quite the same and does not show any toxicity on experimental non-targets considered. These regions account for different anti-stress activities conferred to tomato plants by their overexpression. The two N-terminal fragments identified in this study may represent new promising tools for sustainable crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donata Molisso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariangela Coppola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Buonanno
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Lelio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Aprile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emma Langella
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Manuela Rigano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvana Francesca
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Chiaiese
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianna Palmieri
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (IBBR-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Rosarita Tatè
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council (IGB-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Sinno
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Barra
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Becchimanzi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Maria Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Pennacchio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Rao
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Li M, Xie L, Wang M, Lin Y, Zhong J, Zhang Y, Zeng J, Kong G, Xi P, Li H, Ma LJ, Jiang Z. FoQDE2-dependent milRNA promotes Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense virulence by silencing a glycosyl hydrolase coding gene expression. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010157. [PMID: 35512028 PMCID: PMC9113603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate protein-coding gene expression primarily found in plants and animals. Fungi produce microRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs) that are structurally similar to miRNAs and functionally important in various biological processes. The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is the causal agent of Banana Fusarium vascular wilt that threatens global banana production. It remains uncharacterized about the biosynthesis and functions of milRNAs in Foc. In this study, we investigated the biological function of milRNAs contributing to Foc pathogenesis. Within 24 hours post infecting the host, the Argonaute coding gene FoQDE2, and two Dicer coding genes FoDCL1 and FoDCL2, all of which are involved in milRNA biosynthesis, were significantly induced. FoQDE2 deletion mutant exhibited decreased virulence, suggesting the involvement of milRNA biosynthesis in the Foc pathogenesis. By small RNA sequencing, we identified 364 small RNA-producing loci in the Foc genome, 25 of which were significantly down-regulated in the FoQDE2 deletion mutant, from which milR-87 was verified as a FoQDE2-depedent milRNA based on qRT-PCR and Northern blot analysis. Compared to the wild-type, the deletion mutant of milR-87 was significantly reduced in virulence, while overexpression of milR-87 enhanced disease severity, confirming that milR-87 is crucial for Foc virulence in the infection process. We furthermore identified FOIG_15013 (a glycosyl hydrolase-coding gene) as the direct target of milR-87 based on the expression of FOIG_15013-GFP fusion protein. The FOIG_15013 deletion mutant displayed similar phenotypes as the overexpression of milR-87, with a dramatic increase in the growth, conidiation and virulence. Transient expression of FOIG_15013 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves activates the host defense responses. Collectively, this study documents the involvement of milRNAs in the manifestation of the devastating fungal disease in banana, and demonstrates the importance of milRNAs in the pathogenesis and other biological processes. Further analyses of the biosynthesis and expression regulation of fungal milRNAs may offer a novel strategy to combat devastating fungal diseases. The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is the causal agent of Banana Fusarium vascular wilt that threatens global banana production. However, knowledge about pathogenesis of Foc is limited. In particular, pathogenic regulatory mechanism of the microRNA like small RNAs (milRNAs) found in Foc is unknown. Here, we found that FoQDE2, an Argonaute coding gene, and two Dicer coding genes FoDCL1 and FoDCL2, which are involved in milRNA biosynthesis, are significantly induced during the early infection stage of Foc. The results suggested that the milRNAs biosynthesis mediated by these genes may play an active role in the infection process of Foc. Based on this assumption, we subsequently found a FoQDE2-dependent milRNA (milR-87) and identified its target gene. Functional analysis showed that FoQDE2, milR-87 and its target gene were involved in the pathogenicity of Foc in different degree. The studies help us gain insight into the pathogenesis with FoQDE2, milR-87, and its target gene as central axis in Foc. The identified pathogenicity-involved milRNA provides an active target for developing novel and efficient biocontrol agents against Banana Fusarium wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Li
- Department of Plant Pathology / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail: (ML); (LJM); (ZJ)
| | - Lifei Xie
- Department of Plant Pathology / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yilian Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zhong
- Department of Plant Pathology / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Bioinformatics section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Plant Pathology / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Guanghui Kong
- Department of Plant Pathology / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Pinggen Xi
- Department of Plant Pathology / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huaping Li
- Department of Plant Pathology / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Li-Jun Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ML); (LJM); (ZJ)
| | - Zide Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail: (ML); (LJM); (ZJ)
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Shen W, Zhang X, Liu J, Tao K, Li C, Xiao S, Zhang W, Li J. Plant elicitor peptide signalling confers rice resistance to piercing-sucking insect herbivores and pathogens. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:991-1005. [PMID: 35068048 PMCID: PMC9055822 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a staple food crop worldwide, and its production is severely threatened by phloem-feeding insect herbivores, particularly the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens), and destructive pathogens. Despite the identification of many BPH resistance genes, the molecular basis of rice resistance to BPH remains largely unclear. Here, we report that the plant elicitor peptide (Pep) signalling confers rice resistance to BPH. Both rice PEP RECEPTORs (PEPRs) and PRECURSORs of PEP (PROPEPs), particularly OsPROPEP3, were transcriptionally induced in leaf sheaths upon BPH infestation. Knockout of OsPEPRs impaired rice resistance to BPH, whereas exogenous application of OsPep3 improved the resistance. Hormone measurement and co-profiling of transcriptomics and metabolomics in OsPep3-treated rice leaf sheaths suggested potential contributions of jasmonic acid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism and phenylpropanoid metabolism to OsPep3-induced rice immunity. Moreover, OsPep3 elicitation also strengthened rice resistance to the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae and bacterial pathogen Xanthamonas oryzae pv. oryzae and provoked immune responses in wheat. Collectively, this work demonstrates a previously unappreciated importance of the Pep signalling in plants for combating piercing-sucking insect herbivores and promises exogenous application of OsPep3 as an eco-friendly immune stimulator in agriculture for crop protection against a broad spectrum of insect pests and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jiuer Liu
- State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Kehan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Chong Li
- State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Shi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jian‐Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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48
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Li A, Sun X, Liu L. Action of Salicylic Acid on Plant Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:878076. [PMID: 35574112 PMCID: PMC9093677 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.878076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) not only is a well-known signal molecule mediating plant immunity, but also is involved in plant growth regulation. However, while its role in plant immunity has been well elucidated, its action on plant growth has not been clearly described to date. Recently, increasing evidence has shown that SA plays crucial roles in regulating cell division and cell expansion, the key processes that determines the final stature of plant. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the action and molecular mechanisms through which SA regulates plant growth via multiple pathways. It is here highlighted that SA mediates growth regulation by affecting cell division and expansion. In addition, the interactions of SA with other hormones and their role in plant growth determination were also discussed. Further understanding of the mechanism underlying SA-mediated growth will be instrumental for future crop improvement.
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Yang X, Gu X, Ding J, Yao L, Gao X, Zhang M, Meng Q, Wei S, Fu J. Gene expression analysis of resistant and susceptible rice cultivars to sheath blight after inoculation with Rhizoctonia solani. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:278. [PMID: 35392815 PMCID: PMC8991730 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08524-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris), is one of the most severe diseases in rice (Oryza sativa L.) worldwide. Studies on resistance genes and resistance mechanisms of rice sheath blight have mainly focused on indica rice. Rice sheath blight is a growing threat to rice production with the increasing planting area of japonica rice in Northeast China, and it is therefore essential to explore the mechanism of sheath blight resistance in this rice subspecies. RESULTS In this study, RNA-seq technology was used to analyse the gene expression changes of leaf sheath at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h after inoculation of the resistant cultivar 'Shennong 9819' and susceptible cultivar 'Koshihikari' with R. solani. In the early stage of R. solani infection of rice leaf sheaths, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the inoculated leaf sheaths of resistant and susceptible cultivars showed different regularity. After inoculation, the number of DEGs in the resistant cultivar fluctuated, while the number of DEGs in the susceptible cultivar increased first and then decreased. In addition, the number of DEGs in the susceptible cultivar was always higher than that in the resistant cultivar. After inoculation with R. solani, the overall transcriptome changes corresponding to multiple biological processes, molecular functions, and cell components were observed in both resistant and susceptible cultivars. These included metabolic process, stimulus response, biological regulation, catalytic activity, binding and membrane, and they were differentially regulated. The phenylalanine metabolic pathway; tropane, piperidine, and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis pathways; and plant hormone signal transduction were significantly enriched in the early stage of inoculation of the resistant cultivar Shennong 9819, but not in the susceptible cultivar Koshihikari. This indicates that the response of the resistant cultivar Shennong 9819 to pathogen stress was faster than that of the susceptible cultivar. The expression of plant defense response marker PR1b gene, transcription factor OsWRKY30 and OsPAL1 and OsPAL6 genes that induce plant resistance were upregulated in the resistant cultivar. These data suggest that in the early stage of rice infection by R. solani, there is a pathogen-induced defence system in resistant rice cultivars, involving the expression of PR genes, key transcription factors, PAL genes, and the enrichment of defence-related pathways. CONCLUSION The transcriptome data revealed the molecular and biochemical differences between resistant and susceptible cultivars of rice after inoculation with R. solani, indicating that resistant cultivars have an immune response mechanism in the early stage of pathogen infection. Disease resistance is related to the overexpression of PR genes, key transcriptome factors, and PAL genes, which are potential targets for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, Liaoning, China.,Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Gu
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Junjie Ding
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liangliang Yao
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuedong Gao
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Maoming Zhang
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qingying Meng
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Songhong Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, Liaoning, China.
| | - Junfan Fu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, Liaoning, China.
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50
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Lu L, Diao Z, Yang D, Wang X, Zheng X, Xiang X, Xiao Y, Chen Z, Wang W, Wu Y, Tang D, Li S. The 14-3-3 protein GF14c positively regulates immunity by modulating the protein homoeostasis of the GRAS protein OsSCL7 in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1065-1081. [PMID: 35129212 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Various types of transcription factors have been reported to be involved in plant-pathogen interactions by regulating defence-related genes. GRAS proteins, plant- specific transcription factors, have been shown to play essential roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. By performing a transcriptome study on rice early defence responses to Magnaporthe oryzae, we identified a GRAS protein, OsSCL7, which was induced by M. oryzae infection. We characterized the function of OsSCL7 in rice disease resistance. OsSCL7 was upregulated upon exposure to M. oryzae and pathogen-associated molecular pattern treatments, and knocking out OsSCL7 resulted in decreased disease resistance of rice to M. oryzae. In contrast, overexpression of OsSCL7 could improve rice disease resistance to M. oryzae. OsSCL7 was mainly localized in the nucleus and showed transcriptional activity. OsSCL7 can interact with GF14c, a 14-3-3 protein, and loss-of-function GF14c leads to enhanced susceptibility to M. oryzae. Additionally, OsSCL7 protein levels were reduced in the gf14c mutant and knocking out OsSCL7 affected the expression of a series of defence-related genes. Taken together, these findings uncover the important roles of OsSCL7 and GF14c in plant immunity and a potential mechanism by which plants fine-tune immunity by regulating the protein stability of a GRAS protein via a 14-3-3 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding, and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhijuan Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding, and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dewei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding, and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding, and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding, and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinquan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding, and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yueping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding, and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding, and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding, and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunkun Wu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dingzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding, and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shengping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding, and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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