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Kavanova K, Kostovova I, Moravkova M, Kubasova T, Babak V, Crhanova M. Comparative Genome Analysis and Characterization of the Probiotic Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Wild Boars in the Czech Republic. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10259-7. [PMID: 38652229 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Probiotics are crucial components for maintaining a healthy gut microbiota in pigs, especially during the weaning period. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) derived from the gastrointestinal tract of wild boars can serve as an abundant source of beneficial probiotic strains with suitable properties for use in pig husbandry. In this study, we analyzed and characterized 15 strains of Limosilactobacillus mucosae obtained from the gut contents of wild boars to assess their safety and suitability as probiotic candidates. The strains were compared using pan-genomic analysis with 49 L. mucosae strains obtained from the NCBI database. All isolated strains demonstrated their safety by showing an absence of transferrable antimicrobial resistance genes and hemolysin activity. Based on the presence of beneficial genes, five candidates with probiotic properties were selected and subjected to phenotypic profiling. These five selected isolates exhibited the ability to survive conditions mimicking passage through the host's digestive tract, such as low pH and the presence of bile salts. Furthermore, five selected strains demonstrated the presence of corresponding carbohydrate-active enzymes and the ability to utilize various carbohydrate substrates. These strains can enhance the digestibility of oligosaccharide or polysaccharide substrates found in food or feed, specifically resistant starch, α-galactosides, cellobiose, gentiobiose, and arabinoxylans. Based on the results obtained, the L. mucosae isolates tested in this study appear to be promising candidates for use as probiotics in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Kavanova
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Iveta Kostovova
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Moravkova
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Kubasova
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Crhanova
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Liu H, Wang S, Chen M, Ji H, Zhang D. Effects of Lactobacillus-fermented low-protein diets on the growth performance, nitrogen excretion, fecal microbiota and metabolomic profiles of finishing pigs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8612. [PMID: 38616198 PMCID: PMC11016537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58832-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of Lactobacillus-fermented low-protein diet on the growth performance, nitrogen balance, fecal microbiota, and metabolomic profiles of finishing pigs. A total of 90 finishing pigs were assigned to one of three dietary treatments including a normal protein diet (CON) as well as two experimental diets in which a low-protein diet supplemented with 0 (LP) or 1% Lactobacillus-fermented low-protein feed (FLP). In comparison with CON, the LP and FLP significantly increased average daily gain (P = 0.044), significantly decreased feed to gain ratio (P = 0.021), fecal nitrogen (P < 0.01), urine nitrogen (P < 0.01), and total nitrogen (P < 0.01), respectively. The LP group exhibited increased abundances of unclassified_f_Selenomonadaceae, Coprococcus, Faecalibacterium, and Butyricicoccus, while the abundances of Verrucomicrobiae, Verrucomicrobiales, Akkermansiaceae, and Akkermansia were enriched in the FLP group. Low-protein diet-induced metabolic changes were enriched in sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis and Lactobacillus-fermented low-protein feed-induced metabolic changes were enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and arginine biosynthesis. Overall, low-protein diet and Lactobacillus-fermented low-protein diet improved the growth performance and reduce nitrogen excretion, possibly via altering the fecal microbiota and metabolites in the finishing pigs. The present study provides novel ideas regarding the application of the low-protein diet and Lactobacillus-fermented low-protein diet in swine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Sixin Wang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Meixia Chen
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Haifeng Ji
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
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3
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Abrehame S, Hung MY, Chen YY, Liu YT, Chen YT, Liu FC, Lin YC, Chen YP. Selection of Fermentation Supernatant from Probiotic Strains Exhibiting Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Protective Ability and Evaluation of Their Effects on Colitis Mouse and Weaned Piglet Models. Nutrients 2024; 16:1138. [PMID: 38674829 PMCID: PMC11053620 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial barrier can prevent the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms and food antigens to maintain a consistent intestinal homeostasis. However, an imbalance in this barrier can result in various diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, malnutrition, and metabolic disease. Thus, the aim of this study was to select probiotic strains with epithelial barrier-enhancing ability in cell-based model and further investigate them for their improving effects on colitis mouse and weaned piglet models. The results showed that selected specific cell-free fermentation supernatants (CFSs) from Ligilactobacillus salivarius P1, Lactobacillus gasseri P12, and Limosilactobacillus reuteri G7 promoted intestinal epithelial cell growth and proliferation, strengthening the intestinal barrier in an intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2 model. Further, the administration of CFSs of L. salivarius P1, L. gasseri P12, and L. reuteri G7 were found to ameliorate DSS-induced colitis in mice. Additionally, spray-dried powders of CFS from the three strains were examined in a weaned piglet model, only CFS powder of L. reuteri G7 could ameliorate the feed/gain ratio and serum levels of D-lactate and endotoxin. In conclusion, a new potential probiotic strain, L. reuteri G7, was selected and showed ameliorating effects in both colitis mouse and weaned piglet models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Abrehame
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
- Ethiopian Agricultural Authority, Ministry of Agriculture of Ethiopia (MoA), P.O. Box 62347, Addis Ababa 1000, Ethiopia
| | - Man-Yun Hung
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tse Liu
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Tsung Chen
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Beining Road, Zhongzheng District, Keelung City 202, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Chueh Liu
- Animal Nutrition Division, Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, 112 Farm Road, HsinHua District, Tainan City 712, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Animal Nutrition Division, Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, 112 Farm Road, HsinHua District, Tainan City 712, Taiwan
- Fisheries Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, 199 Hou-Ih Road, Keelung City 202, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Po Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
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4
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Zhang Y, Si L, Gao J, Shu X, Qiu C, Zhang Y, Zu S, Hu H. Serial passage of PDCoV in cell culture reduces its pathogenicity and its damage of gut microbiota homeostasis in piglets. mSystems 2024; 9:e0134623. [PMID: 38349151 PMCID: PMC10949489 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01346-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an enteropathogenic coronavirus that mainly causes diarrhea in suckling piglets, and also has the potential for cross-species transmission. However, there are still no commercial vaccines available to prevent and control PDCoV infection. In this study, PDCoV strain HNZK-02 was serially propagated in vitro for up to 150 passages and the amino acid changes have mainly occurred in the S protein during serial passage which caused structure change. PDCoV HNZK-02-passage 5 (P5)-infected piglets exhibited acute and severe watery diarrhea, an obvious intestinal damage, while the piglets infected with PDCoV HNZK-02-P150 showed no obvious clinical signs, weak intestinal lesions, and lower viral loads in rectal swabs and various tissues. Compared with the PDCoV HNZK-02-P5 infection, HNZK-02-P150 infection resulted in a decrease in intestinal mucosal permeability and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, PDCoV HNZK-02-P5 infection had significantly reduced bacterial diversity and increased relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens, while PDCoV HNZK-02-P150 infection did not significantly affect the bacterial diversity, and the relative abundance of probiotics increased. Furthermore, the alterations of gut microbiota were closely related to the change of pro-inflammatory factor. Metagenomics prediction analysis demonstrated that HNZK-02-P150 modulated the tyrosine metabolism, Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling pathway, and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, which coincided with lower inflammatory response and intestinal permeability in the piglets infected with HNZK-02-P150. In conclusion, the PDCoV HNZK-02 was successfully attenuated by serial passage in vitro, and the changes of S gene, metabolic function, and gut microbiota may contribute to the attenuation. The PDCoV HNZK-02-P150 may have the potential for developing live-attenuated vaccine.IMPORTANCEPorcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an enteropathogen causing severe diarrhea, dehydration, and death in nursing piglets, devastating great economic losses for the global swine industry, and has cross-species transmission and zoonotic potential. There are currently no approved treatments or vaccines available for PDCoV. In addition, gut microbiota has an important relationship with the development of many diseases. Here, the PDCoV virulent HNZK-02 strain was successfully attenuated by serial passage on cell cultures, and the pathogenesis and effects on the gut microbiota composition and metabolic function of the PDCoV HNZK-02-P5 and P150 strains were investigated in piglets. We also found the genetic changes in the S protein during passage in vitro and the gut microbiota may contribute to the pathogenesis of PDCoV, while their interaction molecular mechanism would need to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhang
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lulu Si
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junlong Gao
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiangli Shu
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Congrui Qiu
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal-derived Food Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shaopo Zu
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal-derived Food Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hui Hu
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal-derived Food Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Hao Z, Ding X, Wang J. Effects of gut bacteria and their metabolites on gut health of animals. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2024; 127:223-252. [PMID: 38763528 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The intestine tract is a vital site for the body to acquire nutrients, serving as the largest immune organ. Intestinal health is crucial for maintaining a normal physiological state. Abundant microorganisms reside in the intestine, colonized in a symbiotic manner. These microorganisms can generate various metabolites that influence host physiological activities. Microbial metabolites serve as signaling molecules or metabolic substrates in the intestine, and some intestinal microorganisms act as probiotics and promote intestinal health. Researches on host, probiotics, microbial metabolites and their interactions are ongoing. This study reviews the effects of gut bacteria and their metabolites on intestinal health to provide useful references for animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xuedong Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
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6
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Hosseini SH, Farhangfar A, Moradi M, Dalir-Naghadeh B. Beyond probiotics: Exploring the potential of postbiotics and parabiotics in veterinary medicine. Res Vet Sci 2024; 167:105133. [PMID: 38176207 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Postbiotics and parabiotics (PP) are emerging fields of study in animal nutrition, preventive veterinary medicine, and animal production. Postbiotics are bioactive compounds produced by beneficial microorganisms during the fermentation of a substrate, while parabiotics are inactivated beneficial microbial cells, either intact or broken. Unlike probiotics, which are live microorganisms, PP are produced from a fermentation process without live cells and show significant advantages in promoting animal health owing to their distinctive stability, safety, and functional diversity. PP have numerous beneficial effects on animal health, such as enhancing growth performance, improving the immune system and microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract, aiding ulcer healing, and preventing pathogenic microorganisms from colonizing in the skin. Moreover, PP have been identified as a potential alternative to traditional antibiotics in veterinary medicine due to their ability to improve animal health without the risk of antimicrobial resistance. This review comprehensively explores the current research and applications of PP in veterinary medicine. We aimed to thoroughly examine the mechanisms of action, benefits, and potential applications of PP in various species, emphasizing their use specifically in livestock and poultry. Additionally, we discuss the various routes of administration to animals, including feed, drinking water, and topical use. This review also presents in-depth information on the methodology behind the preparation of PP, outlining the criteria employed to select appropriate microorganisms, and highlighting the challenges commonly associated with PP utilization in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mehran Moradi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Bahram Dalir-Naghadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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Wang R, Ren Y, Javad HU, Zhou Z, Jiang W, Shu X. Dietary Dihydromyricetin Zinc Chelate Supplementation Improves the Intestinal Health of Magang Geese. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04065-z. [PMID: 38263355 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
To fulfill the nutritional requirements of poultry, effective Zn supplementation is required due to Zn deficiency in basic feed. In this study, we investigated the effects of DMY-Zn (dihydromyricetin zinc chelate) on the growth performance, morphology, and biochemical indices; the expression of intestinal barrier-related genes; the intestinal microflora; and the cecum metabolome of Magang geese. A total of 300 14-day-old Magang geese (equal number of males and females) with an average body weight of 0.82 ± 0.08 kg were randomly divided into five groups and fed a basal diet; these groups were given DMY-Zn (low, medium, or high level of DMY-Zn with 30, 55, or 80 mg/kg Zn added to the basal diet) or ZnSO4 (80 mg/kg Zn added) for 4 weeks. Our results revealed that DMY-Zn significantly impacts growth and biochemical indices and plays a significant role in regulating the intestinal barrier and microflora. DMY-Zn is involved in the upregulation of intestinal barrier gene (ZO1 and MUC2) expression, as well as upregulated Zn-related gene expression (ZIP5). On the other hand, a low concentration of DMY-Zn increased the ɑ diversity index and the abundance of Lactobacillus and Faecalibacterium. Additionally, a cecal metabolomics study showed that the main metabolic pathways affected by DMY-Zn were the pentose phosphate pathway, the biosynthesis of different alkaloids, and the metabolism of sphingolipids. In conclusion, DMY-Zn can reduce feed intake, increase the expression of intestinal barrier-related genes, help maintain the intestinal microflora balance, and increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the intestine to improve intestinal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renkai Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hafiz Umer Javad
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agricultural Engineering, 24 East Sand Street, Guangzhou, 510225, China
- Guangxi College and University Key Laboratory of High-Value Utilization of Seafood and Prepared Food in Beibu Gulf, College of Food Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiyin Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xugang Shu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agricultural Engineering, 24 East Sand Street, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
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Baker JT, Duarte ME, Kim SW. Effects of dietary xylanase supplementation on growth performance, intestinal health, and immune response of nursery pigs fed diets with reduced metabolizable energy. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae026. [PMID: 38280204 PMCID: PMC10889732 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of xylanase on growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs fed diets with reduced metabolizable energy (ME). One hundred ninety-two pigs at 8.7 kg ± 0.7 body weight (BW) after 7 d of weaning were allotted in a randomized complete block design with initial BW and sex as blocks. Eight dietary treatments consisted of 5 ME levels (3,400, 3,375, 3,350, 3,325, and 3,300 kcal ME/kg) below the NRC (2012) requirement and 4 levels of xylanase (0, 1,200, 2,400, and 3,600 XU/kg) to a diet with 3,300 kcal ME/kg. All pigs received their respective treatments for 35 d in 2 phases, pre-starter (14 d) and starter (21 d). On day 35, eight pigs in 3,400 kcal/kg (CON), 3,300 kcal/kg (LE), and 3,300 kcal/kg + 3,600 XU xylanase/kg (LEX) were euthanized to collect jejunal tissues and digesta for the evaluation of mucosa-associated microbiota, intestinal immune response, oxidative stress status, intestinal morphology, crypt cell proliferation, and digesta viscosity as well as ileal digesta to measure apparent ileal digestibility. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure on SAS 9.4. The LE increased (P < 0.05) jejunal digesta viscosity, tended to have decreased (P = 0.053) relative abundance of Prevotella, and tended to increase (P = 0.055) Lactobacillus. The LE also increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of protein carbonyl whereas malondialdehyde, villus height (VH), villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD), apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients, and finally average daily feed intake were decreased (P < 0.05). The LE did not affect average daily gain (ADG). The LEX decreased (P < 0.05) digesta viscosity, increased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Prevotella, decreased (P < 0.05) Helicobacter, decreased (P < 0.05) the concentration of protein carbonyl, tended to increase (P = 0.065) VH, and decreased (P < 0.05) VH:CD and crypt cell proliferation. Moreover, LEX increased (P < 0.05) the AID of dry matter and gross energy and tended to increase (P = 0.099; P = 0.076) AID of crude protein, and ether extract. The LEX did not affect ADG but did tend to decrease (P = 0.070) fecal score during the starter phase. Overall, reducing ME negatively affected intestinal health parameters and nutrient digestibility without affecting growth. Supplementation of xylanase mitigated some of the negative effects observed by ME reduction on intestinal health and digestibility of nutrients without affecting growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Baker
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Marcos Elias Duarte
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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9
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Liu HY, Zhu C, Zhu M, Yuan L, Li S, Gu F, Hu P, Chen S, Cai D. Alternatives to antibiotics in pig production: looking through the lens of immunophysiology. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:1. [PMID: 38163818 PMCID: PMC10758383 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In the livestock production system, the evolution of porcine gut microecology is consistent with the idea of "The Hygiene Hypothesis" in humans. I.e., improved hygiene conditions, reduced exposure to environmental microorganisms in early life, and frequent use of antimicrobial drugs drive immune dysregulation. Meanwhile, the overuse of antibiotics as feed additives for infectious disease prevention and animal growth induces antimicrobial resistance genes in pathogens and spreads related environmental pollutants. It justifies our attempt to review alternatives to antibiotics that can support optimal growth and improve the immunophysiological state of pigs. In the current review, we first described porcine mucosal immunity, followed by discussions of gut microbiota dynamics during the critical weaning period and the impacts brought by antibiotics usage. Evidence of in-feed additives with immuno-modulatory properties highlighting probiotics, prebiotics, and phytobiotics and their cellular and molecular networking are summarized and reviewed. It may provide insights into the immune regulatory mechanisms of antibiotic alternatives and open new avenues for health management in pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chuyang Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Miaonan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Long Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Shicheng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Fang Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Shihao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Demin Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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10
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Khalil T, Okla MK, Al-Qahtani WH, Ali F, Zahra M, Shakeela Q, Ahmed S, Akhtar N, AbdElgawad H, Asif R, Hameed Y, Adetunji CO, Farid A, Ghazanfar S. Tracing probiotic producing bacterial species from gut of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), South-East-Asia. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e259094. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.259094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Due to extensive application of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed, antimicrobial resistance has been increased. To overcome this challenge, rumen microbiologists search for new probiotics to improve the rate of livestock production. The present study was aimed to isolate and evaluate breed-specific lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as potential animal probiotics. The current study was conducted during 10 months from July 2020 to April 2021, in which a total of n=12 strains were isolated from different samples including milk, rumen, and feces of Nilli Ravi Buffaloes. These isolates were evaluated for their antimicrobial potential against common animal pathogens (Bacillus spp., E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria spp.). All the isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the phylogenetic analyses inferred that these strains showed close relations to the species of various genera; Enterococcus lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Bacillus subtilis Weissella cibaria, Weissella soli, Bacillus tequilensis, Weissella bombi, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus ruminis, and Lactococcus lactis. NMCC-Ru2 has exhibited the enormous potential of antimicrobial activity, 28 mm, for Salmonella typhimurium;23 mm for Listeria monocytogenes 21 mm for E.coil. Highest resistance was seen in NMCC-Ru2 agasint test antbiotic, like 25.5 mm for Tetracycline. Overall results revesl that the probiotic profile of isolates was achieved using standard criteria, particularly with animal probiotic properties
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Khalil
- Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan
| | | | | | - F. Ali
- Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M. Zahra
- University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Q. Shakeela
- Faculty of Biological Science Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan
| | - S. Ahmed
- Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - N. Akhtar
- National University of Medical Science, Pakistan
| | | | - Rizwan Asif
- Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Y. Hameed
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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11
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Shao Y, Wu X, Yu Z, Li M, Sheng T, Wang Z, Tu J, Song X, Qi K. Gut Microbiome Analysis and Screening of Lactic Acid Bacteria with Probiotic Potential in Anhui Swine. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3812. [PMID: 38136849 PMCID: PMC10741066 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With the widespread promotion of the green feeding concept of "substitution and resistance", there is a pressing need for alternative products in feed and breeding industries. Employing lactic acid bacteria represents one of the most promising antimicrobial strategies to combat infections caused by pathogenic bacteria. As such, we analyzed the intestinal tract of Anhui local pig breeds, including LiuBai Pig, YueHei Pig, and HuoShou Pig, to determine the composition and diversity of intestinal microbiota using 16S rRNA. Further, the functionality of the pigs' intestinal microbiota was studied through metagenomic sequencing. This study revealed that lactic acid bacteria were the primary contributors to the functional composition, as determined through a species functional contribution analysis. More specifically, the functional contribution of lactic acid bacteria in the HuoShou Pig group was higher than that of the LiuBai Pig and YueHei Pig. Subsequently, the intestinal contents of the HuoShou Pig group were selected for the screening of the dominant lactic acid bacteria strains. Out of eight strains of lactic acid bacteria, the acid-production capacity, growth curve, and tolerance to a simulated intestinal environment were assessed. Additional assessments included surface hydrophobicity, the self-aggregation capability, co-agglutination of lactic acid bacteria with pathogenic bacteria, and an in vitro bacteriostatic activity assay. Lactobacillus johnsonii L5 and Lactobacillus reuteri L8 were identified as having a strong overall performance. These findings serve as a theoretical basis for the further development of pig-derived probiotics, thereby promoting the application of lactic acid bacteria to livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (M.L.); (T.S.); (Z.W.); (J.T.)
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (M.L.); (T.S.); (Z.W.); (J.T.)
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhaorong Yu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (M.L.); (T.S.); (Z.W.); (J.T.)
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Min Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (M.L.); (T.S.); (Z.W.); (J.T.)
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tingting Sheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (M.L.); (T.S.); (Z.W.); (J.T.)
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (M.L.); (T.S.); (Z.W.); (J.T.)
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jian Tu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (M.L.); (T.S.); (Z.W.); (J.T.)
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiangjun Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (M.L.); (T.S.); (Z.W.); (J.T.)
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Kezong Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (M.L.); (T.S.); (Z.W.); (J.T.)
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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12
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Park S, Song J, Park MA, Jang HJ, Son S, Kim DH, Kim Y. Assessing the Probiotic Effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus CACC616 in Weaned Piglets. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2890. [PMID: 38138034 PMCID: PMC10746064 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
During weaning, piglets experience various stressor events that disrupt their gut microbiota and immune balance, decrease growth parameters, and increase mortality rates. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of Pediococcus pentosaceus CACC616 as a probiotic supplement. We characterized this strain and evaluated its effect on improving growth performance, modulating gut microbiota composition, and reducing noxious odor components in weaned piglets compared to a non-supplementary diet (control). During the 26-day period, 40 crossbred weaned piglets were randomly assigned to pens with 20 animals each in two groups: control and treatment groups with CACC616. On day 26, the treatment group exhibited a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) and a significant alteration in gut microbial composition, correlating with improved growth parameters and gut health (p < 0.05). The treatment group also exhibited significantly reduced digestibility- and intestinal-environment-related noxious odor components (p < 0.05). The CACC616 strain effectively reduced pathogenic genera numbers, including Campylobacter, Mogibacterium, Escherichia-Shigella, and Desulfovibrio spp., with the treatment group exhibiting lower fecal calprotectin levels than the control group (p < 0.05). Overall, this study revealed that the functional probiotic CACC616 contributes to enhanced FCR and effectively modulates weaned piglets' inflammation and intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Park
- Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (J.S.); (M.A.P.); (H.-J.J.); (S.S.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Jeongsup Song
- Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (J.S.); (M.A.P.); (H.-J.J.); (S.S.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Mi Ae Park
- Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (J.S.); (M.A.P.); (H.-J.J.); (S.S.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (J.S.); (M.A.P.); (H.-J.J.); (S.S.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Seoyun Son
- Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (J.S.); (M.A.P.); (H.-J.J.); (S.S.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (J.S.); (M.A.P.); (H.-J.J.); (S.S.); (D.-H.K.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangseon Kim
- Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (J.S.); (M.A.P.); (H.-J.J.); (S.S.); (D.-H.K.)
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13
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Kaszab E, Laczkó L, Kardos G, Bányai K. Antimicrobial resistance genes and associated mobile genetic elements in Lactobacillales from various sources. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1281473. [PMID: 38045025 PMCID: PMC10690630 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1281473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillales are commonly used in food products and as probiotics in animal and human medicine. Despite being generally recognized as safe, lactic acid bacteria may harbor a variety of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which may be transferable to human or veterinary pathogens, thus, may pose veterinary and public health concerns. This study investigates the resistome of Lactobacillales. A total of 4,286 whole-genome sequences were retrieved from NCBI RefSeq database. We screened ARGs in whole genome sequences and assessed if they are transmissible by plasmid transfer or by linkage to integrative mobile genetic elements. In the database, 335 strains were found to carry at least one ARG, and 194 strains carried at least one potentially transferable ARG. The most prevalent transferable ARG were tetM and tetW conferring antibiotic resistance to tetracycline. This study highlights the importance of the One Health concept by demonstrating the potential for Lactobacillales, commonly used in food products, to serve as reservoirs and vectors for ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Kaszab
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- One Health Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Laczkó
- One Health Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- HUN-REN-DE Conservation Biology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kardos
- One Health Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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14
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Mazur-Kuśnirek M, Lipiński K, Jørgensen JN, Hansen LHB, Antoszkiewicz Z, Zabielski R, Konieczka P. The Effect of a Bacillus-Based Probiotic on Sow and Piglet Performance in Two Production Cycles. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3163. [PMID: 37893887 PMCID: PMC10603631 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of Bacillus-based probiotic diets on reproduction performance, fecal scores, microflora, and economic factors in lactating sows and suckling piglets across two productive cycles. A total of 96 sows, reared in a continuous farrowing system for two full cycles, were divided into two groups: a control group and an experimental group. Sows were fed a basal diet without the probiotic or a diet supplemented with viable bacterial spores. At seven days of age, control group piglets were offered standard creep feed, whereas piglets in the experimental (probiotic) group received a diet containing the probiotic fed to their dams. Sows receiving probiotic-supplemented diets were characterized by significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) average daily feed intake in lactation, lower (p ≤ 0.01) body weight (BW) loss during lactation, and reduced loss of backfat thickness as well as higher body condition score after lactation. Dietary probiotic supplementation increased (p ≤ 0.01) birth weight, total creep feed consumption, litter weight gain, and piglet weaning weight. The probiotic also improved (p ≤ 0.01) overall fecal scores, decreased total E. coli count on day seven and Clostridium perfringens count (trend) in sucking piglets. The total feed cost per weaned piglet was lower in the experimental (probiotic) group. Supplementing the diet with a probiotic containing Bacillus strains improved the reproductive performance of sows and the performance and health of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mazur-Kuśnirek
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Feed Science and Cattle Breeding, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.L.); (Z.A.)
| | - Krzysztof Lipiński
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Feed Science and Cattle Breeding, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.L.); (Z.A.)
| | - Jens Noesgaard Jørgensen
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark; (J.N.J.); (L.H.B.H.)
| | - Lea Hübertz Birch Hansen
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark; (J.N.J.); (L.H.B.H.)
| | - Zofia Antoszkiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Feed Science and Cattle Breeding, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.L.); (Z.A.)
| | - Romuald Zabielski
- Center of Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Paweł Konieczka
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
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15
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Chouraddi R, Kumar S, Kumar B, Bhatia M, Varada VV, Tyagi N, Mallapa RH. Techno-functional characterization of fecal lactobacilli isolates of Bos indicus calves for probiotic properties. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1285-1302. [PMID: 36749534 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 105 bacterial colonies were isolated from the feces of newborn healthy Bos indicus calves and 37 isolates were confirmed using morphological, biochemical tests, and genus-specific PCR as lactobacilli. 11 isolates were then short-listed for in vitro probiotic testing based on their ability to dwell under acid and bile stress. Species-level identification using 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that they were Ligilactobacillus salivarius. These isolates flourished in 0.4% phenol, depicting resistance in adverse conditions encountered in the gastrointestinal tract. The results of cell surface hydrophobicity were found to be 74.50% for RBL12 and 62.62% for RBL09 in hexadecane and xylene, respectively, and that of auto-aggregation was highest in RBL26 (58.92%). These isolates also produced digestive enzymes like amylase, protease, and β-galactosidase. Further assays reiterated their antimicrobial and coaggregation potential against diarrhea-causing pathogens like Escherichia coli ATCC-25922 and Salmonella arizonae ATCC-13314. Biosafety assessment revealed that none of the tested isolates were hemolytic and mucinolytic in nature. Furthermore, the antioxidant potential of the isolates was also confirmed using 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Along with efficient utilization of inulin, isolates showed promising adhesion ability to the HT-29 cell line. The current findings hence conclude that these Lactobacillus isolates can be exploited as animal probiotics for potential application in young calves to foster gut health and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Chouraddi
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Manika Bhatia
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Vinay Venkatesh Varada
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Nitin Tyagi
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
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16
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Sanca FMM, Blanco IR, Dias M, Moreno AM, Martins SMMK, Stephano MA, Mendes MA, Mendonça CMN, Pereira WA, Azevedo POS, Gierus M, Oliveira RPS. Antimicrobial Activity of Peptides Produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis on Swine Pathogens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2442. [PMID: 37570251 PMCID: PMC10416947 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Swine production is of great importance worldwide and has huge economic and commercial impact. Due to problems with bacterial infection, the use of antimicrobials has increased in the last decades, particularly in Latin America and Asia. This has led to concerns about antimicrobial resistance, which poses risks to human health and the environment. The use of probiotic organisms has been proposed as an alternative to this use, as these beneficial bacteria can produce antimicrobial peptides, such as bacteriocins, which allow the induction of inhibitory effects against pathogenic microorganisms. Among probiotics, some bacteria stand out with the inhibition of animal pathogens. The bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLISs) of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strain L2, present in its cell-free supernatant, were tested against pathogenic strains isolated from pig samples, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Streptococcus suis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Staphylococcus hyicus, and Enterococcus faecalis. Compounds secreted by L. lactis L2 have been shown to inhibit the growth of some pathogenic species, particularly Gram-positive bacteria, with S. suis being the most prominent. Antimicrobial peptides with a molecular size of 500-1160 Daltons were isolated from BLISs. The results highlight the potential of L. lactis BLISs and its peptides as natural antimicrobials for use in the food industry and to reduce the use of growth promoters in animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando M. M. Sanca
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (F.M.M.S.); (I.R.B.); (M.D.); (W.A.P.); (P.O.S.A.)
| | - Iago R. Blanco
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (F.M.M.S.); (I.R.B.); (M.D.); (W.A.P.); (P.O.S.A.)
| | - Meriellen Dias
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (F.M.M.S.); (I.R.B.); (M.D.); (W.A.P.); (P.O.S.A.)
- Dempster Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Andrea M. Moreno
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Simone M. M. K. Martins
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Marco A. Stephano
- Immunobiological and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Maria A. Mendes
- Dempster Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Carlos M. N. Mendonça
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (F.M.M.S.); (I.R.B.); (M.D.); (W.A.P.); (P.O.S.A.)
| | - Wellison A. Pereira
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (F.M.M.S.); (I.R.B.); (M.D.); (W.A.P.); (P.O.S.A.)
| | - Pamela O. S. Azevedo
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (F.M.M.S.); (I.R.B.); (M.D.); (W.A.P.); (P.O.S.A.)
| | - Martin Gierus
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Livestock Products, and Nutrition Physiology (TTE), Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Ricardo P. S. Oliveira
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (F.M.M.S.); (I.R.B.); (M.D.); (W.A.P.); (P.O.S.A.)
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17
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Ali MS, Lee EB, Hsu WH, Suk K, Sayem SAJ, Ullah HMA, Lee SJ, Park SC. Probiotics and Postbiotics as an Alternative to Antibiotics: An Emphasis on Pigs. Pathogens 2023; 12:874. [PMID: 37513721 PMCID: PMC10383198 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are being used as feed/food supplements as an alternative to antibiotics. It has been demonstrated that probiotics provide several health benefits, including preventing diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and immunomodulation. Alongside probiotic bacteria-fermented foods, the different structural components, such as lipoteichoic acids, teichoic acids, peptidoglycans, and surface-layer proteins, offer several advantages. Probiotics can produce different antimicrobial components, enzymes, peptides, vitamins, and exopolysaccharides. Besides live probiotics, there has been growing interest in consuming inactivated probiotics in farm animals, including pigs. Several reports have shown that live and killed probiotics can boost immunity, modulate intestinal microbiota, improve feed efficiency and growth performance, and decrease the incidence of diarrhea, positioning them as an interesting strategy as a potential feed supplement for pigs. Therefore, effective selection and approach to the use of probiotics might provide essential features of using probiotics as an important functional feed for pigs. This review aimed to systematically investigate the potential effects of lactic acid bacteria in their live and inactivated forms on pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sekendar Ali
- Department of Biomedical Science and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Eon-Bee Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Walter H Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Biomedical Science and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Syed Al Jawad Sayem
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - H M Arif Ullah
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Seung-Jin Lee
- Development and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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18
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Keresztény T, Libisch B, Orbe SC, Nagy T, Kerényi Z, Kocsis R, Posta K, Papp PP, Olasz F. Isolation and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria With Probiotic Attributes From Different Parts of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Free-living Wild Boars in Hungary. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10113-2. [PMID: 37353593 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the microbiota play an important role in human and animal health and, when used as probiotics, can contribute to an increased growth performance in livestock management. Animals living in their native habitat can serve as natural sources of microorganisms, so isolation of LAB strains from wild boars could provide the opportunity to develop effective probiotics to improve production in swine industry. In this study, the probiotic potential of 56 LAB isolates, originated from the ileum, colon, caecum and faeces of 5 wild boars, were assessed in vitro in details. Their taxonomic identity at species level and their antibacterial activity against four representative strains of potentially pathogenic bacteria were determined. The ability to tolerate low pH and bile salt, antibiotic susceptibility, bile salt hydrolase activity and lack of hemolysis were tested. Draft genome sequences of ten Limosilactobacillus mucosae and three Leuconostoc suionicum strains were determined. Bioinformatic analysis excluded the presence of any known acquired antibiotic resistance genes. Three genes, encoding mesentericin B105 and two different bacteriocin-IIc class proteins, as well as two genes with possible involvement in mesentericin secretion (mesE) and transport (mesD) were identified in two L. suionicum strains. Lam29 protein, a component of an ABC transporter with proved function as mucin- and epithelial cell-adhesion factor, and a bile salt hydrolase gene were found in all ten L. mucosae genomes. Comprehensive reconsideration of all data helps to select candidate strains to assess their probiotic potential further in animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Keresztény
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biological Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Balázs Libisch
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Stephanya Corral Orbe
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biological Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Tibor Nagy
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life, Sciences, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kerényi
- Hungarian Dairy Research Institute Ltd, 9200, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Róbert Kocsis
- Hungarian Dairy Research Institute Ltd, 9200, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Katalin Posta
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Péter P Papp
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Olasz
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
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19
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Scarafile D, Luise D, Motta V, Spiezio C, Modesto M, Porcu MM, Yitzhak Y, Correa F, Sandri C, Trevisi P, Mattarelli P. Faecal Microbiota Characterisation of Potamochoerus porcus Living in a Controlled Environment. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1542. [PMID: 37375044 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal bacteria establish a specific relationship with the host animal, which causes the acquisition of gut microbiota with a unique composition classified as the enterotype. As the name suggests, the Red River Hog is a wild member of the pig family living in Africa, in particular through the West and Central African rainforest. To date, very few studies have analysed the gut microbiota of Red River Hogs (RRHs) both housed under controlled conditions and in wild habitats. This study analysed the intestinal microbiota and the distribution of Bifidobacterium species in five Red River Hog (RRH) individuals (four adults and one juvenile), hosted in two different modern zoological gardens (Parco Natura Viva, Verona, and Bioparco, Rome) with the aim of disentangling the possible effects of captive different lifestyle and host genetics. Faecal samples were collected and studied both for bifidobacterial counts and isolation by means of culture-dependent method and for total microbiota analysis through the high-quality sequences of the V3-V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA. Results showed a host-specific bifidobacterial species distribution. Indeed, B. boum and B. thermoacidophilum were found only in Verona RRHs, whereas B. porcinum species were isolated only in Rome RRHs. These bifidobacterial species are also typical of pigs. Bifidobacterial counts were about 106 CFU/g in faecal samples of all the individuals, with the only exception for the juvenile subject, showing 107 CFU/g. As in human beings, in RRHs a higher count of bifidobacteria was also found in the young subject compared with adults. Furthermore, the microbiota of RRHs showed qualitative differences. Indeed, Firmicutes was found to be the dominant phylum in Verona RRHs whereas Bacteroidetes was the most represented in Roma RRHs. At order level, Oscillospirales and Spirochaetales were the most represented in Verona RRHs compared with Rome RRHs, where Bacteroidales dominated over the other taxa. Finally, at the family level, RRHs from the two sites showed the presence of the same families, but with different levels of abundance. Our results highlight that the intestinal microbiota seems to reflect the lifestyle (i.e., the diet), whereas age and host genetics are the driving factors for the bifidobacterial population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Scarafile
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Diana Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Motta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Spiezio
- Department of Animal Health Care and Management, Parco Natura Viva-Garda Zoological Park, 37012 Bussolengo, Italy
| | - Monica Modesto
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marzia Mattia Porcu
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Yadid Yitzhak
- Fondazione Bioparco di Roma, Viale del Giardino Zoologico, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Correa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Camillo Sandri
- Department of Animal Health Care and Management, Parco Natura Viva-Garda Zoological Park, 37012 Bussolengo, Italy
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Mattarelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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20
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Yang B, Xiong Z, Lin M, Yang Y, Chen Y, Zeng J, Jia X, Feng L. Astragalus polysaccharides alleviate type 1 diabetes via modulating gut microbiota in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123767. [PMID: 36812962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a serious health problem that needs to be addressed worldwide. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), the main chemical components of Astragali Radix, have anti-diabetic activity. As most plant polysaccharides are difficult to digest and absorb, we hypothesised that APS exert hypoglycaemic effects through the gut. This study intends to investigate the modulation of T1D associated with gut microbiota by neutral fraction of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS-1). T1D mice were induced with streptozotocin and then treated with APS-1 for 8 weeks. Fasting blood glucose levels were decreased and the insulin levels were increased in T1D mice. The results demonstrated that APS-1 improved gut barrier function by regulating ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1 expression, and reconstructed gut microbiota by increasing the relative abundance of Muribaculum, Lactobacillus and Faecalibaculum. In addition, APS-1 significantly increased the levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α in T1D mice. Further exploration revealed that APS-1 alleviation of T1D may be associated with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria, and that SCFAs binds to GPRs and HDACs proteins and modulate the inflammatory responses. In conclusion, the study supports the potential of APS-1 as a therapeutic agent for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Xiong
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Meng Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yaping Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jingqi Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Liang Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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21
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Duan H, Lu L, Zhang L, Li J, Gu X, Li J. Effects of Lactobacillus Lactis Supplementation on Growth Performance, Hematological Parameters, Meat Quality and Intestinal Flora in Growing-Finishing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071247. [PMID: 37048503 PMCID: PMC10093238 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The study was conducted to assess the effect of supplementation with Lactobacillus lactis (LL) on growth performance, hematological parameters, meat quality and intestinal flora in pigs from growing until slaughter. Methods: A total of 72 growing pigs (30.46 ± 3.08 kg) were randomly assigned to 3 groups (including 3 pens for each group, with 8 pigs in each pen). The three treatments comprised a basal diet (O-0) and two experimental diets supplemented for 14 weeks with 0.01% (O-100) and 0.03% (O-300) LL, respectively. Results: The final body weights of the pigs in the O-100 and O-300 groups were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of the O-0 group. In the grower phase, the average daily weight gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of pigs fed the O-300 diet were higher (p < 0.05) than those of pigs fed the O-0 diet during the grower phase. BUN and MDA were significantly higher (p < 0.05 for all) in the O-0 group than in the O-100 and O-300 groups during the grower phase. No difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the hematological parameters among the three groups during the finisher phase. Counts of LL in the stomach were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the O-300 group than in the O-0 group. Counts of Escherichia coli in the jejunum were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the O-0 group than in the O-300 group. Furthermore, the hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess and resilience of longissimus dorsi muscle collected from pigs fed the O-300 diet were higher (p < 0.01; p = 0.024; p = 0.003; p = 0.014, respectively) than those of tissue collected from pigs fed the O-0 diet. Conclusion: Dietary LL supplementation increased final body weight, increased ADG in the grower phase and enhanced meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lizi Lu
- Animal Husbandry Station of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530221, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Henan Institute of Agricultural, Animal and Aquatic Products Inspection & Testing Technology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jun Li
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xu Gu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Junguo Li
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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22
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Huang L, Ye Z, Zhao Q, Li Y, Yu ZG, Zhang W. Role of microbial microbes in arsenic bioaccumulation and biotransformation in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 464:116447. [PMID: 36889513 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Although gut microbes can affect the accumulation and metabolism of arsenic (As), the microbes contributing to these processes remain largely unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the bioaccumulation and biotransformation of arsenate [As(V)] and arsenobetaine (AsB) in mice with a disordered gut microbiome. We used cefoperazone (Cef) to construct a mouse model of gut microbiome disruption along with 16S rRNA sequencing to elucidate the effect of gut microbiome destruction on the biotransformation and bioaccumulation of As(V) and AsB. This revealed the role of specific bacteria in As metabolism. Gut microbiome destruction increased the bioaccumulation of As(V) and AsB in various organs and reduced the excretion of As(V) and AsB in the feces. Further, gut microbiome destruction was found to be important for the biotransformation of As(V). Interference with Cef can significantly decrease Blautia and Lactobacillus while increasing Enterococcus, leading to increase As accumulation in mice and enhanced methylation. We also identified Lachnoclostridium, Erysipelatoclostridium, Blautia, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus as biomarkers involved in As bioaccumulation and biotransformation. In conclusion, specific microbes can increase As accumulation in the host, exacerbating its potential health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zijun Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qianyu Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yujie Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Yu
- School of Hydrology and Water Resources, Nanjing University of InformationScience and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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23
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Uezen JD, Ficoseco CA, Fátima Nader-Macías ME, Vignolo GM. Identification and characterization of potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria isolated from pig feces at various production stages. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2023; 87:127-145. [PMID: 37020571 PMCID: PMC10069149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated, identified, and characterized from pig feces at various growth stages and feed rations in order to be used as probiotic feed additives. Lactic acid bacteria numbers ranged from 7.10 ± 1.50 to 9.40 log CFUs/g for growing and lactating pigs, respectively. Isolates (n = 230) were identified by (GTG)5-polymerase chain reaction and partial sequence analysis of 16S rRNA. Major LAB populations were Limosilactobacillus reuteri (49.2%), Pediococcus pentosaceus (20%), Lactobacillus amylovorus (11.4%), and L. johnsonii (8.7%). In-vitro assays were performed, including surface characterization and tolerance to acid and bile salts. Several lactobacilli exhibited hydrophobic and aggregative characteristics and were able to withstand gastrointestinal tract conditions. In addition, lactobacilli showed starch- and phytate-degrading ability, as well as antagonistic activity against Gram-negative pathogens and the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances. When resistance or susceptibility to antibiotics was evaluated, high phenotypic resistance to ampicillin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline and susceptibility towards clindamycin and chloramphenicol was observed in the assayed LAB. Genotypic characterization showed that 5 out of 15 resistance genes were identified in lactobacilli; their presence did not correlate with phenotypic traits. Genes erm(B), strA, strB, and aadE conferring resistance to erythromycin and streptomycin were reported among all lactobacilli, whereas tet(M) gene was harbored by L. reuteri and L. amylovorus strains. Based on these results, 6 probiotic LAB strains (L. reuteri F207R/G9R/B66R, L. amylovorus G636T/S244T, and L. johnsonii S92R) can be selected to explore their potential as direct feed additives to promote swine health and replace antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- José D Uezen
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Pharmabiotic Department, Batalla de Chacabuco 145 (CP: T4000ILC). San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Aristimuño Ficoseco
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Pharmabiotic Department, Batalla de Chacabuco 145 (CP: T4000ILC). San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María E Fátima Nader-Macías
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Pharmabiotic Department, Batalla de Chacabuco 145 (CP: T4000ILC). San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Graciela M Vignolo
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Pharmabiotic Department, Batalla de Chacabuco 145 (CP: T4000ILC). San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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24
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Guevarra RB, Kim ES, Cho JH, Song M, Cho JH, Lee JH, Kim H, Kim S, Keum GB, Lee CH, Cho WT, Watthanaphansak S, Kim HB. Gut microbial shifts by synbiotic combination of Pediococcus acidilactici and lactulose in weaned piglets challenged with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1101869. [PMID: 36713861 PMCID: PMC9879705 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1101869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in the swine industry have been the focused of many pig gut microbiota studies to improve animal health. In this study, we evaluated the effects of probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici (PRO), prebiotic lactulose (PRE), and their synbiotic combination (SYN) on gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in weaned piglets challenged with Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Our data showed that prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics improved the intestinal health in weaned piglets. No significant differences were observed in species richness and species diversity in weaned piglets fed prebiotics, probiotics and their synbiotic combination. However, beta diversity analysis revealed distinct clustering of the microbiota of according to dietary treatment and by oral challenge of STEC. At the phylum level, Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio was lower in the dietary treatment groups than the control group. Oral supplementation of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics enriched the abundance of Prevotella and Roseburia. Succinivibrio was elevated in PRO group; however, Phascolarctobacterium was depleted with STEC challenge regardless of dietary treatment. Overall, our data showed that administration of synbiotics in piglets improved intestinal health through gut microbiota modulation. Our data indicated that prebiotics, probiotics and their synbiotic combination could promote intestinal health through gut microbiota modulation in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin B. Guevarra
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sol Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Division of Food and Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyoung Cho
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyung Lee
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeri Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheena Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Beom Keum
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Ho Lee
- Gene Bio Tech Co., Ltd., Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Tak Cho
- Gene Bio Tech Co., Ltd., Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Suphot Watthanaphansak
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Hyeun Bum Kim ✉
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25
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Antimicrobial Activity of Ligilactobacillus animalis SWLA-1 and Its Cell-Free Supernatant against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Its Potential Use as an Alternative to Antimicrobial Agents. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010182. [PMID: 36677473 PMCID: PMC9865548 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and the spread of antimicrobial resistance among various bacteria are major threats to the global community. Due to the increased failure of classical antibiotic treatments against MDR bacterial infections, probiotics and their antimicrobial compounds have been suggested as promising alternatives to deal with MDR bacteria. Various strains of lactic acid bacteria have been reported to produce antagonistic molecules against pathogens. A new strain of Ligilactobacillus animalis, L. animalis SWLA-1, isolated from the feces of healthy dogs, shows strong antimicrobial activity against not only common pathogens but also MDR bacteria. In this study, we compared the antimicrobial activity of L. animalis SWLA-1 with that of other lactobacilli and antibiotics using an agar spot assay. Additionally, a novel spot inhibition index was developed and validated to quantitively evaluate the inhibitory activities of lactobacilli and antibiotics. A competitive coculture assay of L. animalis SWLA-1 with MDR bacteria further demonstrated its antibacterial activity. Furthermore, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of L. animalis SWLA-1 and its stability under various conditions in vitro. We found that L. animalis SWLA-1 and its CFS are potential alternatives to classic antimicrobial agents.
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26
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Huang L, Chen C. Employing pigs to decipher the host genetic effect on gut microbiome: advantages, challenges, and perspectives. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2205410. [PMID: 37122143 PMCID: PMC10153013 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2205410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex and diverse ecosystem comprised of trillions of microbes and plays an essential role in host's immunity, metabolism, and even behaviors. Environmental and host factors drive the huge variations in the gut microbiome among individuals. Here, we summarize accumulated evidences about host genetic effect on the gut microbial compositions with emphases on the correlation between host genetic kinship and the similarity of microbial compositions, heritability estimates of microbial taxa, and identification of genomic variants associated with the gut microbiome in pigs as well as in humans. A proportion of bacterial taxa have been reported to be heritable, and numerous variants associated with the diversity of the gut microbiota or specific taxa have been identified in both humans and pigs. LCT and ABO gene have been replicated in multiple studies, and its mechanism have been elucidated clearly. We also discuss the main advantages and challenges using pigs as experimental animals in exploring host genetic effect on the gut microbial composition and provided our insights on the perspectives in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusheng Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Congying Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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27
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Cuevas-Gómez I, de Andrés J, Cardenas N, Espinosa-Martos I, Jiménez E. Safety assessment and characterisation of Ligilactobacillus salivarius PS21603 as potential feed additive for swine. Benef Microbes 2022; 13:397-406. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2022.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to characterise in vitro properties of the strain Ligilactobacillus salivarius PS21603 and evaluate in vivo piglets’ tolerance for its use as feed additive in swine. The ability of L. salivarius PS21603 of inhibiting enteropathogens’ growth in vitro was evaluated using a co-culture assay. Low pH tolerance, bile tolerance, and resistance to osmotic changes were evaluated. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of L. salivarius PS21603 was assessed through broth microdilution method. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to exclude the presence of antibiotic resistance genes. L. salivarius PS21603 showed a high antimicrobial activity in vitro, reducing in a mean of 6.16 log cfu/ml eight different enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains. Moreover, L. salivarius PS21603 showed resistance to osmotic changes and was able to survive to a pH above 3.5 during 24 h and up to pH 2 at least during 2 h. In addition, WGS revealed that L. salivarius PS21603 did not harbour any resistance genes and thus there was no risk of transmissibility. Finally, an in vivo 28-days safety and tolerance study was performed. For that, 384 healthy piglets (28±2 days old and 7.5±1.5 kg, at weaning) were divided into three treatment groups receiving a different dose of L. salivarius PS21603: T1, 109 cfu/day; T2, 107 cfu/day; T3, control. Piglet’s health status was daily controlled. Individual bodyweight and feed intake per pen were weekly recorded to determine performance parameters. Blood samples were collected in 16 piglets from each treatment group on days 0 and 28 for determination of cytokine profiles. L. salivarius PS21603 was safe and well tolerated by piglets, there were no differences in performance nor cytokine profile between treatment groups. In conclusion, L. salivarius PS21603 is a potential candidate for a probiotic prevention strategy against pig diarrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Cuevas-Gómez
- Probisearch S.L.U., C/Santiago Grisolía, 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - J. de Andrés
- Probisearch S.L.U., C/Santiago Grisolía, 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - N. Cardenas
- Probisearch S.L.U., C/Santiago Grisolía, 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | | | - E. Jiménez
- Probisearch S.L.U., C/Santiago Grisolía, 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
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28
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Zhu C, Yao J, Zhu M, Zhu C, Yuan L, Li Z, Cai D, Chen S, Hu P, Liu HY. A meta-analysis of Lactobacillus-based probiotics for growth performance and intestinal morphology in piglets. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1045965. [PMID: 36425121 PMCID: PMC9679148 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1045965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used as growth promoters (AGPs) in livestock production to improve animal performance and health. However, pig producers today face the prohibition of in-feed antimicrobials and have to find safe and effective alternatives. Lactobacillus species are active microorganisms that convey multiple beneficial effects to the host and are one of the most promising AGPs replacements. Here, we aim to comprehensively assess the effects of Lactobacillus spp. supplementation on growth performance and intestinal morphology (villus height [VH], crypt depth [CD], and the V/C ratio) of piglets. Among the 196 identified studies, 20 met the criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The effects of Lactobacillus-based probiotics supplementation on growth performance and intestinal morphology were analyzed using a random-effects model. And the publication bias was evaluated by funnel plots. Our results revealed that Lactobacillus spp. supplementation significantly improved the growth performance, including average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and the gain-to-feed ratio (G/F) in piglets (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, Lactobacillus spp. remarkably increased VH and the V/C ratio (P < 0.05) in the small intestine, including the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, which might contribute to an improved digestive capacity of these animals. In conclusion, our findings provide concrete evidence of the growth-promoting effects of Lactobacillus spp. supplementation in piglets and a better understanding of the potential of Lactobacillus-based probiotics as AGPs alternatives in pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuipeng Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Miaonan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chuyang Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Long Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Demin Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shihao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Ndotono EW, Khamis FM, Bargul JL, Tanga CM. Gut microbiota shift in layer pullets fed on black soldier fly larvae-based feeds towards enhancing healthy gut microbial community. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16714. [PMID: 36202892 PMCID: PMC9537291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20736-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, most gut microbiota-related studies have focused on broilers due to their diverse microbial communities compared to that of layer chicken. However, in Africa few studies have been undertaken despite the increasing benefits to the poultry industry. The utilization of Insect-Based diets to improve the gastrointestinal function and gut health in poultry is increasingly gaining global attention. Here, we evaluated the potential roles of commercial black soldier fly larvae-based feeds (BSFLF) in reshaping the abundance, composition and diversity of the gut microbiota of layer chickens using high throughput Oxford nanopore Minion sequencing of the full length bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Two hundred and fifty ISA Brown layer chicks were reared in pens for a period of 20 weeks. The layer pullets were allotted 5 dietary treatments that were formulated as follows: control diet (T1): 100% FM + 0% BSFL, T2: 25% BSFL + 75% FM; T3: 50% BSFL + 50% FM; T4: 75% BSFL + 25% FM, and T5: 100% BSFL + 0% FM. Sampling was done from the eight major regions including oesophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, duodenum, ileum, large intestines and ceca. Out of the 400,064 classified reads analyzed, the most dominant phyla identified across the feed treatments were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. The diet treatment with 100% inclusion levels of BSFL showed the highest intra-species alpha diversity and richness according to Chao1 and Shannon index. Intra-species beta diversity assessment revealed that the diet types significantly influenced the abundance of the microbiota, but differences between most abundant taxa were similar. There was increase in abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Enterococcus) with increased inclusion levels of BSFLF in layer pullets diets. Across the different gut segments, Lactobacillus dominated all the eight regions and the ceca was the most diverse segment. Our findings unravel complex gut microbial shift in laying hen fed BSFLF and therefore underpins the potential roles of beneficial bacteria as promising prebiotics and probiotics in reshaping of the gut microbiota to maintain good gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evalyne W Ndotono
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fathiya M Khamis
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Joel L Bargul
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Chrysantus M Tanga
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
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Zhou J, Fu Y, Qi G, Dai J, Zhang H, Wang J, Wu S. Yeast cell-wall polysaccharides improve immunity and attenuate inflammatory response via modulating gut microbiota in LPS-challenged laying hens. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:407-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Taranu I, Pistol GC, Anghel AC, Marin D, Bulgaru C. Yeast-Fermented Rapeseed Meal Extract Is Able to Reduce Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Caused by Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharides and to Replace ZnO in Caco-2/HTX29 Co-Culture Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911640. [PMID: 36232939 PMCID: PMC9569814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) The present study tested in vitro the capacity of a fermented rapeseed meal extract to reduce medicinal ZnO, which will be banned at the EU level from 2023 onwards because of its potential to cause environmental pollution and the development of Zn resistance in gut bacteria. Rapeseed meal could be an important ZnO substitute as it has antioxidant/radical scavenging properties due to its content of bioactive compounds (e.g., polyphenols). (2) Protein array and flow cytometry were used to detect apoptosis, oxidative stress production, and inflammatory and signaling-related molecules in Caco-2 and goblet HT29-MTX co-culture cells challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides and treated with ZnO and FRSM. (3) LPS induced cell death (21.1% vs. 12.7% in control, p < 0.005); apoptosis (16.6%); ROS production; and overexpression of biomarkers related to inflammation (63.15% cytokines and 66.67% chemokines), oxidative stress, and signaling proteins when compared to untreated cells. ZnO was effective in counteracting the effect of LPS, and 73.68% cytokines and 91.67% of chemokines were recovered. FRSM was better at restoring normal protein expression for 78.94% of cytokines, 91.67% of chemokines, and 61.11% of signaling molecules. FRSM was able to mitigate negative effects of LPS and might be an alternative to ZnO in pig diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionelia Taranu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-213-512-241; Fax: +40-213-512-080
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Zhang Q, Li J, Yi X, Li Z, Liang S, Fang Z, Lin Y, Xu S, Feng B, Zhuo Y, Wu D, Che L. Rhodotorula benthica culture as an alternative to antibiotics improves growth performance by improving nutrients digestibility and intestinal morphology, and modulating gut microbiota of weaned piglets. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:964531. [PMID: 36118236 PMCID: PMC9479635 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.964531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of Rhodotorula benthica culture (RBC) and antibiotics (AB) on the growth performance, nutrients digestibility, morphological indicators, and colonic microbiota of weaning piglets were explored. Ninety-six (Duroc × Landrace × Large) weaned piglets (21-day-old) weighing 7.7 ± 0.83 kg, were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments. They were fed with basal diet (CON), basal diet + 25 mg/kg bacitracin zinc + 5 mg/kg colistin sulfate (AB), 5 g/kg reduction in soybean meal of basal diet + 5 g/kg RBC (RBC1), or 10 g/kg reduction in soybean meal of basal diet + 10 g/kg RBC (RBC2). The results showed that dietary RBC1 improved the body gain/feed intake (G/F) of weaned piglets than the CON diet, and the RBC2 diet improved the average daily gain and G/F than CON and AB diets from days 15 to 28 (P < 0.05). Supplementation of RBC2 improved the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and gross energy in weaned piglets compared to controls from days 15 to 28 (P < 0.05). Dietary AB, RBC1, and RBC2 enhanced the ileal villus height (VH) and VH/crypt depth (CD), and these two indicators were greater in the RBC2-treated piglets than in the AB- and RBC1-treated piglets (P < 0.05). The activity of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) was enhanced by dietary AB, RBC1, and RBC2 (P < 0.05). Serum glutathione (GSH) concentration was elevated by dietary RBC1 and RBC2 (P < 0.05). According to 16S rRNA sequence analysis, AB- and RBC2-treated piglets had a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes and Lachnospiraceae in the colon digesta, and more abundant Lactobacillus was found in RBC1-treated piglets, as compared to the CON group. Additionally, RBC2 supplementation increased the α diversity [Chao1, PD-whole-tree, and observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs)] compared to the CON group. Taken together, the dietary RBC improved the growth performance of weaned piglets. In addition, 10 g/kg of RBC2 in the diet achieved better effects on higher ADG, ileal villi morphology, and stronger antioxidant capacity than dietary AB and RBC1 in weaning piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Yi
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pain, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zipeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Guangzhou Prosyn Biological Technology Feed CO., LTD., Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Succession of Bacterial and Fungal Communities during Fermentation of Medicinal Plants. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The fermentation of medicinal plants has been studied very little, as compared to the fermentation of food and beverages. One approach applies fermentation by single bacterial or fungal strains and targets the production of specific compounds or preservation of the fermented material. Spontaneous fermentation by an autochthonous starter community may lead to a more diverse blend of fermentation products because co-occurring microbes may activate the biosynthetic potentials and formation of compounds not produced in single strain approaches. We applied the community approach and studied the fermentation of four medicinal plants (Achillea millefolium, Taraxacum officinale, Mercurialis perennis, and Euphrasia officinalis), according to a standardized pharmaceutical fermentation method. It is based on the spontaneous fermentation by plant-specific bacterial and fungal communities under a distinct temperature regime, with a recurrent cooling during the first week and further fermentation for at least six months. The results revealed both general and plant-specific patterns in the composition and succession of microbial communities during fermentation. Lactic acid bacteria increasingly dominated in all preparations, whereas the fungal communities retained more plant-specific features. Three distinct fermentation phases with characteristic bacterial communities were identified, i.e., early, middle, and late phases. Co-occurrence network analyses revealed the plant-specific features of the microbial communities.
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Effects of the Probiotic, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, as a Substitute for Antibiotics on the Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiota and Metabolomics Profile of Female Growing-Finishing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141778. [PMID: 35883325 PMCID: PMC9311557 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (LDB) is an approved feed additive on the Chinese ‘Approved Feed Additives’ list. However, the possibility of LDB as an antibiotic replacement remains unclear. Particularly, the effect of LDB on microbiota and metabolites in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) requires further explanation. This study aimed to identify the microbiota and metabolites present in fecal samples and investigate the relationship between the microbiota and metabolites to evaluate the potential of LDB as an antibiotic replacement in pig production. A total of 42 female growing-finishing pigs were randomly allocated into the antibiotic group (basal diet + 75 mg/kg aureomycin) and LDB (basal diet + 3.0 × 109 cfu/kg LDB) groups. Fecal samples were collected on days 0 and 30. Growth performance was recorded and assessed. 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based non-targeted metabolomics approaches were used to analyze the differences in microbiota and metabolites. Associations between the differences were calculated using Spearman correlations with the Benjamini−Hochberg adjustment. The LDB diet had no adverse effect on feed efficiency but slightly enhanced the average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake (p > 0.05). The diet supplemented with LDB increased Lactobacillus abundance and decreased that of Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group spp. Dietary-supplemented LDB enhanced the concentrations of pyridoxine, tyramine, D-(+)-pyroglutamic acid, hypoxanthine, putrescine and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid and decreased the lithocholic acid concentration. The Lactobacillus networks (Lactobacillus, Peptococcus, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-004, Escherichia-Shigella, acetophenone, tyramine, putrescine, N-methylisopelletierine, N1-acetylspermine) and Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group networks (Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Treponema_2, monolaurin, penciclovir, N-(5-acetamidopentyl)acetamide, glycerol 3-phosphate) were the most important in the LDB effect on pig GIT health in our study. These findings indicate that LDB may regulate GIT function through the Lactobacillus and Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group networks. However, our results were restrained to fecal samples of female growing-finishing pigs; gender, growth stages, breeds and other factors should be considered to comprehensively assess LDB as an antibiotic replacement in pig production.
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Effect of probiotic bacteria on porcine rotavirus OSU infection of porcine intestinal epithelial IPEC-J2 cells. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1999-2010. [PMID: 35794494 PMCID: PMC9402510 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05510-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus infections in nursing or post-weaning piglets are known to cause diarrhea, which can lead to commercial losses. Probiotic supplementation is used as a prophylactic or therapeutic approach to dealing with microbial infections in humans and animals. To evaluate the effect of probiotic bacteria on porcine rotavirus infections, non-transformed porcine intestinal epithelial IPEC-J2 cells were used as an in vitro model, and three different procedures were tested. When cells were exposed to seven probiotics at concentrations of 105, 106, or 107 CFU/mL for 16 h and removed before rotavirus challenge, infection reduction rates determined by flow cytometry were as follows: 15% (106) and 18% (105) for Bifidobacterium longum R0175, 15% (107) and 16% (106) for B. animalis lactis A026, and 15% (105) for Lactobacillus plantarum 299V. When cells were exposed to three selected probiotic strains for 1 h at higher concentrations, that is, 108 and 5 × 108 CFU/mL, before infection with rotavirus, no significant reduction was observed. When the probiotic bacteria were incubated with the virus before cell infection, a significant 14% decrease in the infection rate was observed for B. longum R0175. The results obtained using a cell-probiotics-virus platform combined with flow cytometry analysis suggest that probiotic bacteria can have a protective effect on IPEC-J2 cells before infection and can also prevent rotavirus infection of the cells.
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Ndotono EW, Khamis FM, Bargul JL, Tanga CM. Insights into the Gut Microbial Communities of Broiler Chicken Fed Black Soldier Fly Larvae- Desmodium-Based Meal as a Dietary Protein Source. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1351. [PMID: 35889070 PMCID: PMC9319420 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of insect-based diets to improve gastrointestinal function and gut health in poultry is gaining global attention as a promising feed additive. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal inclusion level of the full-fat black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) and Desmodium intortum (DI) in broiler chicken diets and to evaluate their impact on the microbial community in the gut. The bacterial communities were characterized using Oxford nanopore sequencing of the full-length bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Four dietary treatments, T1 (25% DI + 75% BSFL), T2 (50% DI + 50% BSFL), T3 (75% DI + 25% BSFL) and T4 (100% fishmeal + 0% DI + BSFL), were fed to the broiler chickens for a period of 42 days. Out of the 395,034 classified reads analyzed, the most predominant phyla identified across all the four dietary treatments were Firmicutes (94%), Bacteroidetes (3%), and Proteobacteria (2%). The T1 diet showed the highest alpha diversity and richness according to the Chao1 and Shannon indices. Beta diversity assessment revealed a significant influence of diet on the abundance of the microbiome. There was an increase in beneficial lactic acid bacteria with increasing inclusion of BSFL in the diets. Our findings strongly support the inclusion of BSFL into poultry diet as a promising protein source to reshape the gut microbiota for improved gut health, immune response, and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evalyne W. Ndotono
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (E.W.N.); (J.L.B.); (C.M.T.)
| | - Fathiya M. Khamis
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (E.W.N.); (J.L.B.); (C.M.T.)
| | - Joel L. Bargul
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (E.W.N.); (J.L.B.); (C.M.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Kiambu P.O. Box 62000-00200, Kenya
| | - Chrysantus M. Tanga
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (E.W.N.); (J.L.B.); (C.M.T.)
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Gaio D, DeMaere MZ, Anantanawat K, Eamens GJ, Falconer L, Chapman TA, Djordjevic S, Darling AE. Phylogenetic diversity analysis of shotgun metagenomic reads describes gut microbiome development and treatment effects in the post-weaned pig. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270372. [PMID: 35749534 PMCID: PMC9232140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive farming practices can increase exposure of animals to infectious agents against which antibiotics are used. Orally administered antibiotics are well known to cause dysbiosis. To counteract dysbiotic effects, numerous studies in the past two decades sought to understand whether probiotics are a valid tool to help re-establish a healthy gut microbial community after antibiotic treatment. Although dysbiotic effects of antibiotics are well investigated, little is known about the effects of intramuscular antibiotic treatment on the gut microbiome and a few studies attempted to study treatment effects using phylogenetic diversity analysis techniques. In this study we sought to determine the effects of two probiotic- and one intramuscularly administered antibiotic treatment on the developing gut microbiome of post-weaning piglets between their 3rd and 9th week of life. Shotgun metagenomic sequences from over 800 faecal time-series samples derived from 126 post-weaning piglets and 42 sows were analysed in a phylogenetic framework. Differences between individual hosts such as breed, litter, and age, were found to be important contributors to variation in the community composition. Host age was the dominant factor in shaping the gut microbiota of piglets after weaning. The post-weaning pig gut microbiome appeared to follow a highly structured developmental program with characteristic post-weaning changes that can distinguish hosts that were born as little as two days apart in the second month of life. Treatment effects of the antibiotic and probiotic treatments were found but were subtle and included a higher representation of Mollicutes associated with intramuscular antibiotic treatment, and an increase of Lactobacillus associated with probiotic treatment. The discovery of correlations between experimental factors and microbial community composition is more commonly addressed with OTU-based methods and rarely analysed via phylogenetic diversity measures. The latter method, although less intuitive than the former, suffers less from library size normalization biases, and it proved to be instrumental in this study for the discovery of correlations between microbiome composition and host-, and treatment factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gaio
- iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Kay Anantanawat
- iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Graeme J. Eamens
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, Australia
| | - Linda Falconer
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, Australia
| | - Toni A. Chapman
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, Australia
| | - Steven Djordjevic
- iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Aaron E. Darling
- iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
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Kruse S, Schenk M, Pierre F, Morlock GE. Bacillus subtilis spores in probiotic feed quantified via bacterial metabolite using planar chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1221:340124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Abd Ellatif SA, Bouqellah NA, Abu-Serie MM, Razik ESA, Al-Surhanee AA, Askary AE, Daigham GE, Mahfouz AY. Assessment of probiotic efficacy and anticancer activities of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ESSG1 (MZ683194.1) and Lactiplantibacillus pentosus ESSG2 (MZ683195.1) isolated from dairy products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:39684-39701. [PMID: 35112259 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to antibiotics is on the rise, and its indiscriminate usage has resulted in human and animal management constraints. In the research for an innovative treatment to diminish antimicrobial resistance, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) throw light on diminishing this problem in public health. As a result, this paper looked at the efficacy of LAB isolates and their active metabolites to combat pathogens, reduce antibiotic use in clinical settings, and explore the anticancer potential of 8 strains of LAB isolated from dairy products. Antifungal and antibacterial potential of LAB isolates against selected crop pathogenic fungi and food pathogenic bacteria had been estimated. Results revealed that all isolates exert antioxidant efficacy relating to DPPH, NO scavenging ability, reducing power, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and anti-lipid peroxidation potential. Additionally, 12B isolate exert the highest anticancer upshot with IC50 values of 43.98 ± 0.4; 36.7 ± 0.6, 43.1 ± 0.8, and 35.1 ± 0.3 μg/ml, versus Caco-2, MCF-7, HepG-2, and PC3 cell lines respectively, whereas 13B isolate significantly had the highest selectivity index between peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the tested human cancer cell lines compared to 5-fluorouracil. 13B was the most apoptosis-dependent death inducer for all human cancer cell lines besides exerting the lowest percentage of apoptosis against PBMCs suggesting its safety against PBMCs. The most promising strains 12B and 13B were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ESSG1 (MZ683194.1) and Lactiplantibacillus pentosus ESSG2 (MZ683195.1). LAB and their extracts are superb substitutive, safe, and efficient antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor curative agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan A Abd Ellatif
- Bioprocess development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nahla Alsayed Bouqellah
- Science College, Biology Department, Taibah University, 42317- 8599, Al-Madinah Al-Munawara, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), the City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Elsayed S Abdel Razik
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ameena A Al-Surhanee
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, 2014, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad El Askary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadir E Daigham
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira Y Mahfouz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt.
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Xu C, Kong L, Gao H, Cheng X, Wang X. A Review of Current Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics in Food Animals. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:822689. [PMID: 35633728 PMCID: PMC9133924 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.822689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The overuse of antibiotics in food animals has led to the development of bacterial resistance and the widespread of resistant bacteria in the world. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) in food animals are currently considered emerging contaminants, which are a serious threat to public health globally. The current situation of ARB and ARGs from food animal farms, manure, and the wastewater was firstly covered in this review. Potential risks to public health were also highlighted, as well as strategies (including novel technologies, alternatives, and administration) to fight against bacterial resistance. This review can provide an avenue for further research, development, and application of novel antibacterial agents to reduce the adverse effects of antibiotic resistance in food animal farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Xu
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingqiang Kong
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanfang Gao
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyu Cheng
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Hong J, Jlali M, Cozannet P, Preynat A, Adams S, Scaria J, Woyengo TA. Growth performance, bone mineralization, nutrient digestibility, and fecal microbial composition of multi-enzyme-supplemented low-nutrient diets for growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6552279. [PMID: 35323920 PMCID: PMC9115902 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A study evaluated the effects of adding multi-enzyme mixture to diets deficient in net energy (NE), standardized ileal digestible (SID) amino acids (AA), standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P, and Ca on growth performance, bone mineralization, nutrient digestibility, and fecal microbial composition of grow-finish pigs. A total of 300 pigs (initial body weight [BW] = 29.2 kg) were housed by sex and BW in 45 pens of 7 or 6 pigs and fed 5 diets in a randomized complete block design. Diets were positive control (PC), and negative control 1 (NC1) or negative control 2 (NC2) without or with multi-enzyme mixture. The multi-enzyme mixture supplied at least 1,800, 1,244, 6,600, and 1,000 units of xylanase, β -glucanase, arabinofuranosidase, and phytase per kilogram of diet, respectively. The PC was adequate in all nutrients. The NC1 diet had lower content NE, SID AA, STTD P, and Ca than PC diet by about 7%, 7%, 32%, and 13%, respectively. The NC2 diet had lower NE, SID AA, STTD P, and Ca than PC diet by 7%, 7%, 50%, and 22%, respectively. The diets were fed in four phases based on BW: Phase 1: 29-45 kg, Phase 2: 45-70 kg, Phase 3: 70-90 kg, and Phase 4: 90-120 kg. Nutrient digestibility, bone mineralization, and fecal microbial composition were determined at the end of Phase 1. Pigs fed PC diet had greater (P < 0.05) overall G:F than those fed NC1 diet or NC2 diet. Multi-enzyme mixture increased (P < 0.05) overall G:F, but the G:F of the multi-enzyme mixture-supplemented diets did not reach (P < 0.05) that of PC diet. Multi-enzyme mixture tended to increase (P = 0.08) femur breaking strength. Multi-enzyme mixture increased (P < 0.05) the ATTD of GE for the NC2 diet, but unaffected the ATTD of GE for the NC1 diet. Multi-enzyme mixture decreased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of the Cyanobacteria and increased (P < 0.05) relative abundance of Butyricicoccus in feces. Thus, the NE, SID AA, STTD P, and Ca could be lowered by about 7%, 7%, 49%, and 22%, respectively, in multi-enzyme mixture-supplemented diets without negative effects on bone mineralization of grow-finish pigs. However, multi-enzyme mixture supplementation may not fully restore G:F of the grow-finish pigs fed diets that have lower NE and SID AA contents than recommended by 7%. Since an increase in content of Butyricicoccus in intestine is associated with improved gut health, addition of the multi-enzyme mixture in diets for pigs can additionally improve their gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsu Hong
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Maamer Jlali
- Adisseo France S.A.S., Center of Expertise in Research and Nutrition, 6 Route Noire, Malicorne, 03600, France
| | - Pierre Cozannet
- Adisseo France S.A.S., Center of Expertise in Research and Nutrition, 6 Route Noire, Malicorne, 03600, France
| | - Aurelie Preynat
- Adisseo France S.A.S., Center of Expertise in Research and Nutrition, 6 Route Noire, Malicorne, 03600, France
| | - Seidu Adams
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Joy Scaria
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Tofuko A Woyengo
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark
- Corresponding author:
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Liu C, Hou Y, Su R, Luo Y, Dou L, Yang Z, Yao D, Wang B, Zhao L, Su L, Jin Y. Effect of dietary probiotics supplementation on meat quality, volatile flavor compounds, muscle fiber characteristics, and antioxidant capacity in lambs. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:2646-2658. [PMID: 35959277 PMCID: PMC9361438 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of probiotics on growth performance, meat quality, muscle fiber characteristics, volatile compounds, and antioxidant capacity in lambs. A total of 24 Sunit lambs were randomly allocated into two groups, each consisting of three replicates of four lambs. Throughout the experiment period, the lambs were fed with based diet (CON) and 10 g probiotics/d supplemented diet (PRO). Compared with the CON group, the number of lactic acid bacteria in fecal samples of PRO group was significantly increased (p < .05) and the coliforms were significantly decreased (p < .05). Dietary probiotics supplementation decreased pH24h, L*, and shear force (p < .05). The muscle fibers were switched from type IIB to type I, with a decrease in the mean cross‐sectional area (CSA) (p < .05) of longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle. Also, probiotics altered the composition of meat volatile flavor compounds, such as nonanal, undecanal, 1‐pentanol, 1‐hexanol, and 2,3‐octanedione. In addition, probiotics increased the total antioxidative capacity (T‐AOC) and catalase (CAT) activity of LT muscle, while it decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (p < .05). Overall, these results indicated that probiotics could be used as an effective feed additive by improving meat tenderness and flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot China
| | - Yanru Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot China
- School of Food and Wine Ningxia University Yinchuan China
| | - Rina Su
- Inner Mongolia Vocational college of Chemical Engineering Hohhot China
| | - Yulong Luo
- School of Food and Wine Ningxia University Yinchuan China
| | - Lu Dou
- College of Food Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot China
| | - Zhihao Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot China
| | - Duo Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot China
| | - Bohui Wang
- Ordos City Inspection and Testing Center Ordos China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot China
| | - Lin Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot China
| | - Ye Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot China
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Zhang M, Yang L, Zhu M, Yang B, Yang Y, Jia X, Feng L. Moutan Cortex polysaccharide ameliorates diabetic kidney disease via modulating gut microbiota dynamically in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:849-860. [PMID: 35307460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicine positively affect diabetic kidney disease (DKD) mainly through modulating gut microbiota. Previously, we demonstrated that supplementation with the polysaccharide from Moutan Cortex (MC-Pa) alleviated DKD in rats. The study intends to investigate the dynamic modulation of MC-Pa on DKD from the gut microbiota perspective. The DKD rat model was induced by a high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with streptozotocin (STZ). The rats were then supplemented with MC-Pa (80 and 160 mg/kg BW) for 12 weeks. The results showed that MC-Pa administration relieved hyperglycemia and renal injury in DKD rats. MC-Pa also reconstructed gut microbiota, improved intestinal barrier function, reduced serum proinflammatory mediators, and elevated the short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) contents. In addition, the dynamics of Lactobacillus and Muribaculaceae_unclassified were in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Spearman correlation analysis found that a cluster of gut microbiota phyla and genera were significantly associated with DKD-related indicators. These results demonstrated that MC-Pa positively affected DKD rats by modulating gut microbiota dynamically and had potential as a prebiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China
| | - Licheng Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China
| | - Maomao Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China
| | - Bing Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China.
| | - Liang Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China.
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Melara EG, Avellaneda MC, Valdivié M, García-Hernández Y, Aroche R, Martínez Y. Probiotics: Symbiotic Relationship with the Animal Host. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060719. [PMID: 35327116 PMCID: PMC8944810 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Intestinal health directly influences the profitability of animal production, and so growth-promoting antibiotics have been used in the feed or drinking water to reduce the impact of enteric diseases and improve production parameters. However, these have generated long-term bacterial resistance. In the search for natural alternatives to antibiotics, various probiotic strains have been developed to improve intestinal health and biological indicators in farm animals, which is important to provide the consumer with safe food. This review describes the main probiotic bacteria and yeasts, their in vitro properties and their impact on the antioxidant capacity and intestinal environment of animals. Furthermore, this review outlines the role of probiotics in apparently healthy ruminants, pigs and poultry, including animals with digestive diseases. Abstract Antibiotic growth-promoters in animal feeding are known to generate bacterial resistance on commercial farms and have proven deleterious effects on human health. This review addresses the effects of probiotics and their symbiotic relationship with the animal host as a viable alternative for producing healthy meat, eggs, and milk at present and in the future. Probiotics can tolerate the conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the gastric acid, pH and bile salts, to exert beneficial effects on the host. They (probiotics) may also have a beneficial effect on productivity, health and wellbeing in different parameters of animal performance. Probiotics stimulate the native microbiota (microbes that are present in their place of origin) and production of short-chain fatty acids, with proven effects such as antimicrobial, hypocholesterolemic and immunomodulatory effects, resulting in better intestinal health, nutrient absorption capacity and productive responses in ruminant and non-ruminant animals. These beneficial effects of probiotics are specific to each microbial strain; therefore, the isolation and identification of beneficial microorganisms, as well as in vitro and in vivo testing in different categories of farm animals, will guarantee their efficacy, replicability and sustainability in the current production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvia Guadalupe Melara
- Master Program in Sustainable Tropical Agriculture, Graduate Department, Zamorano University, P.O. Box 93, Valle de Yeguare, San Antonio de Oriente 11101, Honduras;
| | - Mavir Carolina Avellaneda
- Plant Pathology, Diagnosis and Molecular Research Lab, Agricultural Sciences and Production Department, Zamorano University, P.O. Box 93, San Antonio de Oriente 11101, Honduras;
| | - Manuel Valdivié
- National Center for Laboratory Animal Production, P.O. Box 6240, Santiago de las Vegas, Rancho Boyeros, Havana 10900, Cuba;
| | - Yaneisy García-Hernández
- Departamento de Animales Monogástricos, Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Carretera Central km 47 ½, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba;
| | - Roisbel Aroche
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Granma, Bayamo 85100, Cuba;
| | - Yordan Martínez
- Poultry Research and Teaching Center, Agricultural Science and Production Department, Zamorano University, P.O. Box 93, Valle de Yeguare, San Antonio de Oriente 11101, Honduras
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +504-94422496
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Magnoli AP, Parada J, de la Torre FC, Watson S, Poloni V, Fochesato A, Martínez MP, Coniglio MV, Ortiz ME, Cavaglieri L. Respiratory tract clinometry, fat thickness, haematology and productive parameters associated with direct-fed microbials used as growth promoter antibiotic alternative in weaned piglets. Vet Anim Sci 2022; 16:100246. [PMID: 35434416 PMCID: PMC9006636 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2022.100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Both probiotics reduced lumbar fat thickness. The probiotics inclusion showed a tendency to increase the carcass weight. Direct-fed microbials demonstrated their ability to substitute as antibiotics usage.
The objective was to evaluate the effect of two probiotic yeast strains (Saccharomyces. cerevisiae RC016 and Kluyveromyces marxianus VM004) as a substitute of growth promoter antibiotics on health status and productive parameters in weaned piglets. Commercial line hybrid piglets (Choice n=200), weaned at 21 d age were allotted by sex, and assigned in 4 pens per treatment (2 pens males and 2 pens females), 10 pigs per pen divided into 2 blocks (with or without antibiotics). Dietary treatments included a basal diet (BD) supplemented with probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 and Kluyveromyces marxianus VM004 (100 g, 1 × 1010 CFU/g, respectively), with or without antibiotics, mixed per ton of growth phases diets. Pigs were fed ad libitum with treatments T1) BD with antibiotics (BD); T2) BD with antibiotics + Saccharomyces cerevisiae; T3) BD without antibiotics + Saccharomyces cerevisiae; T4) BD with antibiotics + Kluyveromyces marxianus; T5) BD without antibiotics + Kluyveromyces marxianus. The effects on respiratory tract clinometry, carcass quality, organs weight, blood haematology and productive parameters were evaluated. When clinical signs occurred (diarrhoea, stomach ulcers, respiratory signs), they decreased with both probiotics addition, mainly Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The productive parameters promotion by both probiotics was similar than that using antibiotics. The probiotics inclusion increased the carcass weight and significantly reduced the lumbar fat thickness (P ≤ 0.05). Supplementation with both probiotics demonstrated their ability to substitute the antibiotics use on clinometry, carcass quality and on the productive parameters promotion of weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Paola Magnoli
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km 601, (X5804BYA) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Julián Parada
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km 601, (X5804BYA) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Fátima Candelaria de la Torre
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km 601, (X5804BYA) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Santiago Watson
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km 601, (X5804BYA) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Valeria Poloni
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1425FQB, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Ruta 36 km 601, (X5804BYA) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Analía Fochesato
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Ruta 36 km 601, (X5804BYA) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Pía Martínez
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Ruta 36 km 601, (X5804BYA) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Valeria Coniglio
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km 601, (X5804BYA) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Ortiz
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km 601, (X5804BYA) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lilia Cavaglieri
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1425FQB, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Ruta 36 km 601, (X5804BYA) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Corresponding author at: Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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Jarosz ŁS, Ciszewski A, Marek A, Hejdysz M, Nowaczewski S, Grądzki Z, Michalak K, Kwiecień M, Rysiak A. The effect of the multi-strain probiotic preparation EM Bokashi® on selected parameters of the cellular immune response in pigs. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2021.2006611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz S. Jarosz
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Ciszewski
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marek
- Sub-Department of Preventive Veterinary and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Hejdysz
- Department of Animal Breeding And Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sebastian Nowaczewski
- Department of Animal Breeding And Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Grądzki
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Michalak
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kwiecień
- Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Rysiak
- Department of Botany, Mycology, and Ecology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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Kober AKMH, Riaz Rajoka MS, Mehwish HM, Villena J, Kitazawa H. Immunomodulation Potential of Probiotics: A Novel Strategy for Improving Livestock Health, Immunity, and Productivity. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020388. [PMID: 35208843 PMCID: PMC8878146 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the use of probiotics as feed supplements in animal production has increased considerably due to the ban on antibiotic growth promoters in livestock. This review provides an overview of the current situation, limitation, and prospects for probiotic formulations applied to livestock. Recently, the use of probiotics in livestock has been suggested to significantly improve their health, immunity, growth performance, nutritional digestibility, and intestinal microbial balance. Furthermore, it was reported that the use of probiotics in animals was helpful in equilibrating their beneficial microbial population and microbial turnover via stimulating the host immune response through specific secretions and competitive exclusion of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the digestive tract. Recently, there has been great interest in the understanding of probiotics targeted diet and its ability to compete with harmful microbes and acquire their niches. Therefore, the present review explores the most commonly used probiotic formulations in livestock feed and their effect on animal health. In summary, this article provides an in-depth knowledge about the formulation of probiotics as a step toward a better alternative to antibiotic healthy growth strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. M. Humayun Kober
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.S.R.R.); (H.M.M.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong 4225, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: or (A.K.M.H.K.); (H.K.); Tel.: +880-1712-164794 (A.K.M.H.K.); +81-22-757-4372 (H.K.)
| | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.S.R.R.); (H.M.M.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Hafiza Mahreen Mehwish
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.S.R.R.); (H.M.M.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Julio Villena
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina;
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.S.R.R.); (H.M.M.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Correspondence: or (A.K.M.H.K.); (H.K.); Tel.: +880-1712-164794 (A.K.M.H.K.); +81-22-757-4372 (H.K.)
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Khalil N, Kheadr E, El‐Ziney M, Dabour N. Lactobacillus plantarum
protective cultures to improve safety and quality of wheyless Domiati‐like cheese. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noha Khalil
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory (FFNL), Department of Dairy Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture University of Alexandria Egypt
| | - Ehab Kheadr
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory (FFNL), Department of Dairy Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture University of Alexandria Egypt
| | - Mohamed El‐Ziney
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory (FFNL), Department of Dairy Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture University of Alexandria Egypt
| | - Nassra Dabour
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory (FFNL), Department of Dairy Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture University of Alexandria Egypt
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49
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Pi G, Wang J, Song W, Li Y, Yang H. Effects of isomalto-oligosaccharides and herbal extracts on growth performance, serum biochemical profiles and intestinal bacterial populations in early-weaned piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 106:671-681. [PMID: 35088457 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO), Chinese herbal medicine extract (CHE) or their combination on the growth performance, diarrhoea incidence, serum biochemical profiles, inflammatory cytokine expression, intestinal morphology and microflora of weaned piglets. Thirty-two ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) piglets, weaned at 25 days of age, were randomly assigned into four groups. Group I was fed the basal diet. Group II were fed a basal diet supplemented with 2 g/kg IMO for 14 consecutive days and then 4 g/kg IMO for another 14 days. Group III were fed diet with 0.5 g/kg CHE for 14 days and 1 g/kg CHE for another 14 days. Group IV were fed diet with (2 g/kg IMO + 0.5 g/kg CHE) for 14 days and (4 g/kg IMO +1 g/kg CHE) for another 14 days. Results showed that diets supplemented with IMO, CHE or their combination did not influence the diarrhoea rate and intestinal morphology, while co-administration of IMO with CHE tended to have higher average daily gain. Serum biochemical analysis showed that dietary CHE decreased aspartate aminotransferase levels, while inclusion of IMO led to a decrease in high-density lipoprotein. Moreover, co-administration of IMO with CHE significantly upregulated the expression of TGF-β, a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, in jejunal mucosa of piglets. Further, CHE significantly increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium in ileal digesta. Meanwhile, the combination of IMO and CHE significantly increased Bifidobacterium in the caecum of piglets. Additionally, dietary IMO, CHE or their combination significantly reduced the number of potential entero-pathogen Escherichia coli in ileal contents and Clostridium species in caecal digesta. These results indicated that application of IMO or CHE could favourably modulate the intestinal microbial composition of piglets, while their beneficial impact and molecular mechanism on intestinal health warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Pi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenxin Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yali Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Hong J, Fu T, Liu W, Du Y, Min C, Lin D. Specific alterations of gut microbiota in diabetic microvascular complications: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1053900. [PMID: 36545341 PMCID: PMC9761769 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1053900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of gut microbiota in diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications has been widely accepted. However, the alternation of gut microbiota in diabetic microvascular complications (DC) remains to be determined. METHODS Publications (till August 20th, 2022) on gut microbiota in patients with DC were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane. Review Manager 5.3 was performed to estimate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) and calculate alpha diversity indices and the relative abundance of gut microbiota between patients in DC v.s. DM and DC v.s. healthy controls (HC). RESULTS We included 13 studies assessing 329 patients with DC, 232 DM patients without DC, and 241 HC. Compared to DM, patients with DC shared a significantly lower Simpson index (SMD = -0.59, 95% CI [-0.82, -0.36], p < 0.00001), but a higher ACE index (SMD = 0.42, 95% CI[0.11, 0.74], p = 0.009). Compared to HC, DC patients held a lower ACE index (SMD = -0.61, 95% CI[-1.20, -0.02], p = 0.04). The relative abundances of phylum Proteobacteria (SMD = 0.03, 95% CI[0.01, 0.04], p = 0.003, v.s. HC) and genus Klebsiella (SMD = 0.00, 95% CI[0.00, 0.00], p < 0.00001, v.s. HC) were enriched, accompanying with depleted abundances of phylum Firmicutes (SMD = -0.06, 95% CI[-0.11, -0.01], p = 0.02, v.s. HC), genera Bifidobacterium (SMD = -0.01, 95% CI[-0.02,-0.01], p < 0.0001, v.s. DM), Faecalibacterium (SMD = -0.01, 95% CI[-0.02, -0.00], p = 0.009, v.s. DM; SMD = -0.02, 95% CI[-0.02, -0.01], p < 0.00001, v.s. HC) and Lactobacillus (SMD = 0.00, 95% CI[-0.00, -0.00], p < 0.00001, v.s. HC) in DC. CONCLUSIONS Gut microbiota perturbations with the depletion of alpha diversity and certain short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria were associated with the pathology of DC. Therefore, gut microbiota might serve as a promising approach for the diagnosis and treatment of DC. Further investigations are required to study the mechanisms by which gut dysbiosis acts on the onset and progression of DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinni Hong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatric, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jinni Hong, ; Cunyun Min, ; Datao Lin,
| | - Tingting Fu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatric, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatric, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatric, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cunyun Min
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatric, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jinni Hong, ; Cunyun Min, ; Datao Lin,
| | - Datao Lin
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jinni Hong, ; Cunyun Min, ; Datao Lin,
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