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Wang X, Zhou S, Hu X, Ye C, Nie Q, Wang K, Yan S, Lin J, Xu F, Li M, Wu Q, Sun L, Liu B, Zhang Y, Yun C, Wang X, Liu H, Yin WB, Zhao D, Hang J, Zhang S, Jiang C, Pang Y. Candida albicans accelerates atherosclerosis by activating intestinal hypoxia-inducible factor2α signaling. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:964-979.e7. [PMID: 38754418 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is closely linked to atherosclerosis. However, the role of intestinal fungi, essential members of the complex microbial community, in atherosclerosis is poorly understood. Herein, we show that gut fungi dysbiosis is implicated in patients with dyslipidemia, characterized by higher levels of Candida albicans (C. albicans), which are positively correlated with plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Furthermore, C. albicans colonization aggravates atherosclerosis progression in a mouse model of the disease. Through gain- and loss-of-function studies, we show that an intestinal hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α)-ceramide pathway mediates the effect of C. albicans. Mechanistically, formyl-methionine, a metabolite of C. albicans, activates intestinal HIF-2α signaling, which drives increased ceramide synthesis to accelerate atherosclerosis. Administration of the HIF-2α selective antagonist PT2385 alleviates atherosclerosis in mice by reducing ceramide levels. Our findings identify a role for intestinal fungi in atherosclerosis progression and highlight the intestinal HIF-2α-ceramide pathway as a target for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chuan Ye
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qixing Nie
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen China Research & Development, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chuyu Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wen-Bing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dongyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yanli Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
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2
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Sun S, Guo C, Wang J, Ren L, Qu J, Guan Q, Dou N, Zhang J, Chen Q, Wang Q, Wang J, Li J, Gao Z, Zhou B. Effect of initial moisture content, resulting from different ratios of vegetable waste to maize straw, on compost was mediated by composting temperatures and microbial communities at low temperatures. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:141808. [PMID: 38548086 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the huge amounts and perishable character of vegetable wastes, composting is one of the best options for recycling vegetable wastes post-harvest. The initial moisture content (MC) is critical for optimizing composting process, but the effect of high MC in undehydrated vegetable wastes on composting was rarely reported. For this, the plant-scale windrows were prepared by mixing cauliflower waste and maize straw at different ratios to control initial MC of 70 % (T1-70) and 80 % (T2-80), respectively, and composted in winter. As composting progressed, substantial organic matter degradation, progressive humification, decreases in electrical conductivity and increases of pH and germination index (GI) were observed in both treatments. Nonetheless, T1-70 accelerated heating rate early during composting, prolonged high temperature period (>50 °C) by 30 d, thus increased the harmless level of composting, and significantly improved the humification of end-products compared to T2-80. Results also revealed that T1-70 activated more indigenous microbes and enhanced microbial interactions early during composting, with the fungi enriched in T1-70 playing an important role in accelerating the composting process. Remarkably, the difference in composting temperatures, humification degree, and microbial communities between the two treatments was most significant during the maturation phase. In this phase, MWH_CFBk5, Planktosalinus, Pseudopedobacter, and Luteimonas enriched in T1-70 were positively correlated with humification indices. It is suggested that the effect of initial MC, resulting from different ratios of vegetable waste to maize straw, on their composting was mediated by the composting temperature and microbial communities at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Sun
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Jianyu Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Li Ren
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianping Qu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Qi Guan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Nongxiao Dou
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Qiuhua Chen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | | | - Jieming Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Zheng Gao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China; National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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Jiang S, Xu L, Chen Y, Shu Z, Lv L, Zhao Y, Bi K, Yang S, Wang Q, Li L. Longitudinal gut fungal alterations and potential fungal biomarkers for the progression of primary liver disease. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:1183-1198. [PMID: 38413553 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Liver disease, a major health concern worldwide, is a serious and progressive disorder. Herein, we not only established a mouse model of DEN+CCl4-induced primary liver disease but also collected clinical human samples to investigate longitudinal alterations in the gut mycobiome. As liver disease advanced, gut integrity was disrupted, and the mycobiota was disturbed in the mouse models. The metabolites associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) differed from those associated with the cirrhotic phase as follows: levels of stercobilin and aflatoxin B1 dialcohol were reduced, while levels of triterpenoids, bafilomycin A1, and DHEA were increased in the HCC group. The abundance of the phylum Chytridiomycota increased as the chronic liver disease progressed and was then replaced by the phylum Ascomycota in HCC. Based on the results from clinical human samples, the genus Candida (Ascomycota) (in humans) and the genus Kazachstania (Ascomycota) (in mice) occupied a dominant position in the HCC group, while other fungi were depleted. The increased abundance of C. albicans and depletion of S. cerevisiae may be hallmarks of the progression of liver cirrhosis to early HCC. Moreover, the administration of C. albicans and S. cerevisiae in the LC-HCC progression could accelerate or retard the progression of HCC. Therefore, gut fungi have the potential to serve as a noninvasive clinical biomarker and even a treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiman Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lvwan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yanfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zheyue Shu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Longxian Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Kefan Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Sisi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qiangqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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4
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Heavey MK, Hazelton A, Wang Y, Garner M, Anselmo AC, Arthur JC, Nguyen J. Targeted delivery of the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii to the extracellular matrix enhances gut residence time and recovery in murine colitis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3784. [PMID: 38710716 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotic and engineered microbe-based therapeutics are an emerging class of pharmaceutical agents. They represent a promising strategy for treating various chronic and inflammatory conditions by interacting with the host immune system and/or delivering therapeutic molecules. Here, we engineered a targeted probiotic yeast platform wherein Saccharomyces boulardii is designed to bind to abundant extracellular matrix proteins found within inflammatory lesions of the gastrointestinal tract through tunable antibody surface display. This approach enabled an additional 24-48 h of probiotic gut residence time compared to controls and 100-fold increased probiotic concentrations within the colon in preclinical models of ulcerative colitis in female mice. As a result, pharmacodynamic parameters including colon length, colonic cytokine expression profiles, and histological inflammation scores were robustly improved and restored back to healthy levels. Overall, these studies highlight the potential for targeted microbial therapeutics as a potential oral dosage form for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairead K Heavey
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Anthony Hazelton
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mitzy Garner
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Aaron C Anselmo
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- VitaKey Incorporation, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Janelle C Arthur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Juliane Nguyen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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5
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Sekeresova Kralova J, Donic C, Dassa B, Livyatan I, Jansen PM, Ben-Dor S, Fidel L, Trzebanski S, Narunsky-Haziza L, Asraf O, Brenner O, Dafni H, Jona G, Boura-Halfon S, Stettner N, Segal E, Brunke S, Pilpel Y, Straussman R, Zeevi D, Bacher P, Hube B, Shlezinger N, Jung S. Competitive fungal commensalism mitigates candidiasis pathology. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20231686. [PMID: 38497819 PMCID: PMC10949073 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The mycobiota are a critical part of the gut microbiome, but host-fungal interactions and specific functional contributions of commensal fungi to host fitness remain incompletely understood. Here, we report the identification of a new fungal commensal, Kazachstania heterogenica var. weizmannii, isolated from murine intestines. K. weizmannii exposure prevented Candida albicans colonization and significantly reduced the commensal C. albicans burden in colonized animals. Following immunosuppression of C. albicans colonized mice, competitive fungal commensalism thereby mitigated fatal candidiasis. Metagenome analysis revealed K. heterogenica or K. weizmannii presence among human commensals. Our results reveal competitive fungal commensalism within the intestinal microbiota, independent of bacteria and immune responses, that could bear potential therapeutic value for the management of C. albicans-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catalina Donic
- Departments of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bareket Dassa
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ilana Livyatan
- Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Paul Mathias Jansen
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knoell Institute Jena (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lena Fidel
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sébastien Trzebanski
- Departments of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Omer Asraf
- Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hagit Dafni
- Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ghil Jona
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sigalit Boura-Halfon
- Departments of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Stettner
- Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Segal
- Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sascha Brunke
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knoell Institute Jena (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Yitzhak Pilpel
- Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ravid Straussman
- Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Zeevi
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Petra Bacher
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knoell Institute Jena (HKI), Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Neta Shlezinger
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Steffen Jung
- Departments of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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6
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Nenciarini S, Renzi S, di Paola M, Meriggi N, Cavalieri D. The yeast-human coevolution: Fungal transition from passengers, colonizers, and invaders. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1639. [PMID: 38146626 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are the cause of more than a billion infections in humans every year, although their interactions with the host are still neglected compared to bacteria. Major systemic fungal infections are very unusual in the healthy population, due to the long history of coevolution with the human host. Humans are routinely exposed to environmental fungi and can host a commensal mycobiota, which is increasingly considered as a key player in health and disease. Here, we review the current knowledge on host-fungi coevolution and the factors that regulate their interaction. On one hand, fungi have learned to survive and inhabit the host organisms as a natural ecosystem, on the other hand, the host immune system finely tunes the response toward fungi. In turn, recognition of fungi as commensals or pathogens regulates the host immune balance in health and disease. In the human gut ecosystem, yeasts provide a fingerprint of the transient microbiota. Their status as passengers or colonizers is related to the integrity of the gut barrier and the risk of multiple disorders. Thus, the study of this less known component of the microbiota could unravel the rules of the transition from passengers to colonizers and invaders, as well as their dependence on the innate component of the host's immune response. This article is categorized under: Infectious Diseases > Environmental Factors Immune System Diseases > Environmental Factors Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Renzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica di Paola
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Meriggi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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7
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Nenciarini S, Renzi S, di Paola M, Meriggi N, Cavalieri D. Ascomycetes yeasts: The hidden part of human microbiome. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1641. [PMID: 38228159 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The fungal component of the microbiota, the mycobiota, has been neglected for a long time due to its poor richness compared to bacteria. Limitations in fungal detection and taxonomic identification arise from using metagenomic approaches, often borrowed from bacteriome analyses. However, the relatively recent discoveries of the ability of fungi to modulate the host immune response and their involvement in human diseases have made mycobiota a fundamental component of the microbial communities inhabiting the human host, deserving some consideration in host-microbe interaction studies and in metagenomics. Here, we reviewed recent data on the identification of yeasts of the Ascomycota phylum across human body districts, focusing on the most representative genera, that is, Saccharomyces and Candida. Then, we explored the key factors involved in shaping the human mycobiota across the lifespan, ranging from host genetics to environment, diet, and lifestyle habits. Finally, we discussed the strengths and weaknesses of culture-dependent and independent methods for mycobiota characterization. Overall, there is still room for some improvements, especially regarding fungal-specific methodological approaches and bioinformatics challenges, which are still critical steps in mycobiota analysis, and to advance our knowledge on the role of the gut mycobiota in human health and disease. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Immune System Diseases > Environmental Factors Infectious Diseases > Environmental Factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Renzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica di Paola
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Meriggi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Jensen O, Trujillo E, Hanson L, Ost KS. Controlling Candida: immune regulation of commensal fungi in the gut. Infect Immun 2024:e0051623. [PMID: 38647290 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00516-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome harbors fungi that pose a significant risk to human health as opportunistic pathogens and drivers of inflammation. Inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are associated with dysbiotic fungal communities and the expansion of potentially pathogenic fungi. The gut is also the main reservoir for disseminated fungal infections. Immune interactions are critical for preventing commensal fungi from becoming pathogenic. Significant strides have been made in defining innate and adaptive immune pathways that regulate intestinal fungi, and these discoveries have coincided with advancements in our understanding of the fungal molecular pathways and effectors involved in both commensal colonization and pathogenesis within the gut. In this review, we will discuss immune interactions important for regulating commensal fungi, with a focus on how specific cell types and effectors interact with fungi to limit their colonization or pathogenic potential. This will include how innate and adaptive immune pathways target fungi and orchestrate antifungal immune responses, in addition to how secreted immune effectors, such as mucus and antimicrobial peptides, regulate fungal colonization and inhibit pathogenic potential. These immune interactions will be framed around our current understanding of the fungal effectors and pathways regulating colonization and pathogenesis within this niche. Finally, we highlight important unexplored mechanisms by which the immune system regulates commensal fungi in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Jensen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Emma Trujillo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Luke Hanson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kyla S Ost
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Roberts K, Osme A, De Salvo C, Zoli E, Herrada J, McCormick TS, Ghannoum M, Cominelli F, Di Martino L. Candida tropicalis Affects Candida albicans Virulence by Limiting Its Capacity to Adhere to the Host Intestinal Surface, Leading to Decreased Susceptibility to Colitis in Mice. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:245. [PMID: 38667916 PMCID: PMC11051055 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida (C.) infections represent a serious health risk for people affected by inflammatory bowel disease. An important fungal virulence factor is the capacity of the fungus to form biofilms on the colonized surface of the host. This research study aimed to determine the effect of a C. tropicalis and C. albicans co-infection on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. The colitis severity was evaluated using histology and a colonoscopy. The mice were mono-inoculated with C. albicans or C. tropicalis or co-challenged with both species. The mice were administered 3% DSS to induce acute colitis. The biofilm activity was assessed using (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl] 2H-tetrazoliumhydroxide (XTT) and dry-weight assays. The abundance of C. albicans in the colon tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The co-challenged mice showed a decreased colitis severity compared to the mono-inoculated mice. The dry-weight assay demonstrated a marked decrease in C. albicans biofilm production in a C. albicans culture incubated with C. tropicalis supernatant. Immunohistochemical staining showed that C. albicans was more abundant in the mucosa of C. albicans mono-inoculated mice compared to the co-inoculated group. These data indicate an antagonistic microbial interaction between the two Candida species, where C. tropicalis may produce molecules capable of limiting the ability of C. albicans to adhere to the host intestinal surface, leading to a reduction in biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Roberts
- Center for Medical Mycology and Integrated Microbiome Core, Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (K.R.); (J.H.); (T.S.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Abdullah Osme
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Carlo De Salvo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (C.D.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Eleonora Zoli
- Case Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Janet Herrada
- Center for Medical Mycology and Integrated Microbiome Core, Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (K.R.); (J.H.); (T.S.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Thomas S. McCormick
- Center for Medical Mycology and Integrated Microbiome Core, Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (K.R.); (J.H.); (T.S.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Mahmoud Ghannoum
- Center for Medical Mycology and Integrated Microbiome Core, Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (K.R.); (J.H.); (T.S.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (C.D.S.); (F.C.)
- Case Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Luca Di Martino
- Case Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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10
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Geng X, Liu Y, Xu W, Li G, Xue B, Feng Y, Tang S, Wei W, Yuan H. Eukaryotes may play an important ecological role in the gut microbiome of Graves' disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1334158. [PMID: 38455050 PMCID: PMC10917987 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1334158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of autoimmune diseases worldwide has risen rapidly over the past few decades. Increasing evidence has linked gut dysbiosis to the onset of various autoimmune diseases. Thanks to the significant advancements in high-throughput sequencing technology, the number of gut microbiome studies has increased. However, they have primarily focused on bacteria, so our understanding of the role and significance of eukaryotic microbes in the human gut microbial ecosystem remains quite limited. Here, we selected Graves' disease (GD) as an autoimmune disease model and investigated the gut multi-kingdom (bacteria, fungi, and protists) microbial communities from the health control, diseased, and medication-treated recovered patients. The results showed that physiological changes in GD increased homogenizing dispersal processes for bacterial community assembly and increased homogeneous selection processes for eukaryotic community assembly. The recovered patients vs. healthy controls had similar bacterial and protistan, but not fungal, community assembly processes. Additionally, eukaryotes (fungi and protists) may play a more significant role in gut ecosystem functions than bacteria. Overall, this study gives brief insights into the potential contributions of eukaryotes to gut and immune homeostasis in humans and their potential influence in relation to therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Geng
- Department of the Clinical Research Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yalei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial Key Medicine Laboratory of Intestinal Microecology and Diabetes, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gefei Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Department of Blood Transfusion of Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Binghua Xue
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial Key Medicine Laboratory of Intestinal Microecology and Diabetes, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial Key Medicine Laboratory of Intestinal Microecology and Diabetes, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shasha Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial Key Medicine Laboratory of Intestinal Microecology and Diabetes, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial Key Medicine Laboratory of Intestinal Microecology and Diabetes, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huijuan Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial Key Medicine Laboratory of Intestinal Microecology and Diabetes, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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11
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Park G, Munley JA, Kelly LS, Kannan KB, Mankowski RT, Sharma A, Upchurch G, Casadesus G, Chakrabarty P, Wallet SM, Maile R, Bible LE, Wang B, Moldawer LL, Mohr AM, Efron PA, Nagpal R. Gut mycobiome dysbiosis after sepsis and trauma. Crit Care 2024; 28:18. [PMID: 38212826 PMCID: PMC10785534 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis and trauma are known to disrupt gut bacterial microbiome communities, but the impacts and perturbations in the fungal (mycobiome) community after severe infection or injury, particularly in patients experiencing chronic critical illness (CCI), remain unstudied. METHODS We assess persistence of the gut mycobiome perturbation (dysbiosis) in patients experiencing CCI following sepsis or trauma for up to two-to-three weeks after intensive care unit hospitalization. RESULTS We show that the dysbiotic mycobiome arrays shift toward a pathobiome state, which is more susceptible to infection, in CCI patients compared to age-matched healthy subjects. The fungal community in CCI patients is largely dominated by Candida spp; while, the commensal fungal species are depleted. Additionally, these myco-pathobiome arrays correlate with alterations in micro-ecological niche involving specific gut bacteria and gut-blood metabolites. CONCLUSIONS The findings reveal the persistence of mycobiome dysbiosis in both sepsis and trauma settings, even up to two weeks post-sepsis and trauma, highlighting the need to assess and address the increased risk of fungal infections in CCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwoncheol Park
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Jennifer A Munley
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Lauren S Kelly
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Kolenkode B Kannan
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Robert T Mankowski
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Gilbert Upchurch
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Gemma Casadesus
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Shannon M Wallet
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Robert Maile
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Letitia E Bible
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
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12
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Wang T, Lu Y, Wu J, Yu B. Composition and dynamics of intestinal fungi during the postnatal 2 months of very low birth weight infants. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:403-414. [PMID: 37906308 PMCID: PMC10857973 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05257-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been found that intestinal fungi play a role in the composition of the intestinal microecology and in the formation and development of the immunity during childhood. We investigated the gut fungi composition of preterm infants to analysis composition and dynamics of intestinal fungi during the postnatal 2 months of very low birth weight infants. We collected feces from 34 very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) and 28 preterm infants with birth weight >1500 g. We extracted total fungal DNA from feces and analyzed the composition of gut fungus through ITS sequencing. The fungal detectable rate in the experimental group peaked on day 3 (85.19%), then gradually decreased and started to show an increasing trend again by day 28. There were significant differences in the alpha diversity of intestinal fungus between VLBWI and controls, and the VLBWI had its own characteristics at different time points in richness and diversity. A total of 10 phylums and 342 genera were identified in all VLBWI samples. The dominant fungal phylum of the VLBWI group is Ascomycota (50.3%)and Basidiomycota (48.8%). The functional metabolic activity of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group. CONCLUSION The composition and abundance of VLBWI intestinal fungal showed several alterations during the first 2 months of life. The prediction of gut microbiota function suggests that intestinal metabolic function may be altered in VLBWI. WHAT IS KNOWN • A limited number of studies has been found that symbiont fungi may be able to calibrate host immunological responses, promote development of peripheral lymphoid organs, promote T cell responses, and even may be associated with the development of certain diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), NEC, and allergic diseases. However, previous studies on intestinal microecology have mainly focused on adults while neglecting the role of fungi in the gut of children due to the much lower abundance of intestinal fungi than bacteria, limitations of techniques for detecting fungi, the difficulty of obtaining samples, and the absence of largescale reference databases. WHAT IS NEW • In recent years, the discovery and development of fungal detection technologies such as 18s rDNA sequencing technology, Internal Transcribed Spacer(ITS), and DNA fingerprinting technology have further broadened the perspective on the impact of intestinal fungal exposure in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanbo Lu
- Pediatrics, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junhua Wu
- Pediatrics, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Beirong Yu
- Pediatrics, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Wang X, Ding C, Li HB. The crosstalk between enteric nervous system and immune system in intestinal development, homeostasis and diseases. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:41-50. [PMID: 37672184 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut is the largest digestive and absorptive organ, which is essential for induction of mucosal and systemic immune responses, and maintenance of metabolic-immune homeostasis. The intestinal components contain the epithelium, stromal cells, immune cells, and enteric nervous system (ENS), as well as the outers, such as gut microbiota, metabolites, and nutrients. The dyshomeostasis of intestinal microenvironment induces abnormal intestinal development and functions, even colon diseases including dysplasia, inflammation and tumor. Several recent studies have identified that ENS plays a crucial role in maintaining the immune homeostasis of gastrointestinal (GI) microenvironment. The crosstalk between ENS and immune cells, mainly macrophages, T cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), has been found to exert important regulatory roles in intestinal tissue programming, homeostasis, function, and inflammation. In this review, we mainly summarize the critical roles of the interactions between ENS and immune cells in intestinal homeostasis during intestinal development and diseases progression, to provide theoretical bases and ideas for the exploration of immunotherapy for gastrointestinal diseases with the ENS as potential novel targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindi Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chenbo Ding
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Hua-Bing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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14
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Li L, Huang X, Chen H. Unveiling the hidden players: exploring the role of gut mycobiome in cancer development and treatment dynamics. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2328868. [PMID: 38485702 PMCID: PMC10950292 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2328868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of gut fungal species in tumor-related processes remains largely unexplored, with most studies still focusing on fungal infections. This review examines the accumulating evidence suggesting the involvement of commensal and pathogenic fungi in cancer biological process, including oncogenesis, progression, and treatment response. Mechanisms explored include fungal influence on host immunity, secretion of bioactive toxins/metabolites, interaction with bacterial commensals, and migration to other tissues in certain types of cancers. Attempts to utilize fungal molecular signatures for cancer diagnosis and fungal-derived products for treatment are discussed. A few studies highlight fungi's impact on the responsiveness and sensitivity to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and fecal microbiota transplant. Given the limited understanding and techniques in fungal research, the studies on gut fungi are still facing great challenges, despite having great potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
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15
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Roy S, Ray D, Laha I, Choudhury L. Human Mycobiota and Its Role in Cancer Progression, Diagnostics and Therapeutics: A Link Lesser-Known. Cancer Invest 2024; 42:44-62. [PMID: 38186047 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2024.2301733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Although not as well studied as the bacterial component of the human microbiota, the commensal fungi or mycobiota play important roles in maintaining our health by augmenting our immune system. This mycobiota is also associated with various fatal diseases like opportunistic mycoses, and even cancer, with different cancers having respective type-specific mycobiota. The different fungal species which comprise these different intratumoral mycobiota play important roles in cancer progression. The aim of this review paper is to decipher the association between mycobiota and cancer, and shed light on new avenues in cancer diagnosis, and the development of new anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Roy
- Post-Graduate & Research Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata, India
| | - Dhrisaj Ray
- 5th Year Integrated M. Sc. (5 year integrated) students, Post-Graduate & Research Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata, India
| | - Ishani Laha
- 5th Year Integrated M. Sc. (5 year integrated) students, Post-Graduate & Research Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata, India
| | - Lopamudra Choudhury
- State-Aided College Teacher, Department of Microbiology, Sarsuna College (Affiliated to Calcutta University), Kolkata, India
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16
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Wang L, Cao Y, Lou E, Zhao X, Chen X. The role of gut fungi in Clostridioides difficile infection. Biomed J 2023; 47:100686. [PMID: 38086471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile, the etiological agent of C. difficile infection (CDI), elicits a spectrum of diarrheal symptoms with varying severity and the potential to result in severe complications such as colonic perforation, pseudomembranous colitis, and toxic megacolon. The perturbation of gut microbiome, often triggered by antibiotic usage, represents the primary factor augmenting the risk of CDI. This underscores the significance of interactions between C. difficile and the microbiome in determining pathogen adaptability. In recent years, researchers have increasingly recognized the pivotal role played by intestinal microbiota in host health and its therapeutic potential as a target for medical interventions. While extensive evidence has been established regarding the involvement of gut bacteria in CDI, our understanding of symbiotic interactions between hosts and fungi within intestinal microbiota remains limited. Herein, we aim to comprehensively elucidate both composition and key characteristics of gut fungal communities that significantly contribute to CDI, thereby enhancing our comprehension from pharmacological and biomarker perspectives while exploring their prospective therapeutic applications for CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yangchun Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Eddie Lou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuanyin Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Han G, Vaishnava S. Microbial underdogs: exploring the significance of low-abundance commensals in host-microbe interactions. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2498-2507. [PMID: 38036729 PMCID: PMC10767002 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of host-microbe interactions has broadened through numerous studies over the past decades. However, most investigations primarily focus on the dominant members within ecosystems while neglecting low-abundance microorganisms. Moreover, laboratory animals usually do not have microorganisms beyond bacteria. The phenotypes observed in laboratory animals, including the immune system, have displayed notable discrepancies when compared to real-world observations due to the diverse microbial community in natural environments. Interestingly, recent studies have unveiled the beneficial roles played by low-abundance microorganisms. Despite their rarity, these keystone taxa play a pivotal role in shaping the microbial composition and fulfilling specific functions in the host. Consequently, understanding low-abundance microorganisms has become imperative to unravel true commensalism. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of important findings on how low-abundance commensal microorganisms, including low-abundance bacteria, fungi, archaea, and protozoa, interact with the host and contribute to host phenotypes, with emphasis on the immune system. Indeed, low-abundance microorganisms play vital roles in the development of the host's immune system, influence disease status, and play a key role in shaping microbial communities in specific niches. Understanding the roles of low-abundance microbes is important and will lead to a better understanding of the true host-microbe relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geongoo Han
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Shipra Vaishnava
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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18
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Mitchell SB, Thorn TL, Lee MT, Kim Y, Comrie JMC, Bai ZS, Johnson EL, Aydemir TB. Metal transporter SLC39A14/ZIP14 modulates regulation between the gut microbiome and host metabolism. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G593-G607. [PMID: 37873588 PMCID: PMC10887856 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00091.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal transporter SLC39A14/ZIP14 is localized on the basolateral side of the intestine, functioning to transport metals from blood to intestine epithelial cells. Deletion of Slc39a14/Zip14 causes spontaneous intestinal permeability with low-grade chronic inflammation, mild hyperinsulinemia, and greater body fat with insulin resistance in adipose. Importantly, antibiotic treatment reverses the adipocyte phenotype of Slc39a14/Zip14 knockout (KO), suggesting a potential gut microbial role in the metabolic alterations in the Slc39a14/Zip14 KO mice. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that increased intestinal permeability and subsequent metabolic alterations in the absence of Zip14 could be in part due to alterations in gut microbial composition. Dietary metals have been shown to be involved in the regulation of gut microbial diversity and composition. However, studies linking the action of intestinal metal transporters to gut microbial regulation are lacking. We showed the influence of deletion of metal transporter Slc39a14/Zip14 on gut microbiome composition and how ZIP14-linked changes to gut microbiome community composition are correlated with changes in host metabolism. Deletion of Slc39a14/Zip14 generated Zn-deficient epithelial cells and luminal content in the entire intestinal tract, a shift in gut microbial composition that partially overlapped with changes previously associated with obesity and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), increased the fungi/bacteria ratio in the gut microbiome, altered the host metabolome, and shifted host energy metabolism toward glucose utilization. Collectively, our data suggest a potential predisease microbial susceptibility state dependent on host gene Slc39a14/Zip14 that contributes to intestinal permeability, a common trait of IBD, and metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Metal dyshomeostasis, intestinal permeability, and gut dysbiosis are emerging signatures of chronic disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases, type-2 diabetes, and obesity. Studies in reciprocal regulations between host intestinal metal transporters genes and gut microbiome are scarce. Our research revealed a potential predisease microbial susceptibility state dependent on the host metal transporter gene, Slc39a14/Zip14, that contributes to intestinal permeability providing new insight into understanding host metal transporter gene-microbiome interactions in developing chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B Mitchell
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Trista L Thorn
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Min-Ting Lee
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Yongeun Kim
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Janine M C Comrie
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Zi Shang Bai
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Elizabeth L Johnson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Tolunay B Aydemir
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
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19
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Prisnee TL, Rahman R, Fouhse JM, Van Kessel AG, Brook RK, Willing BP. Tracking the fecal mycobiome through the lifespan of production pigs and a comparison to the feral pig. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0097723. [PMID: 37902410 PMCID: PMC10686082 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00977-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE This work provides evidence that early-life fungal community composition, or host genetics, influences long-term mycobiome composition. In addition, this work provides the first comparison of the feral pig mycobiome to the mycobiome of intensively raised pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tausha L. Prisnee
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rajibur Rahman
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Janelle M. Fouhse
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew G. Van Kessel
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ryan K. Brook
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Benjamin P. Willing
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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20
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Shao TY, Jiang TT, Stevens J, Russi AE, Troutman TD, Bernieh A, Pham G, Erickson JJ, Eshleman EM, Alenghat T, Jameson SC, Hogquist KA, Weaver CT, Haslam DB, Deshmukh H, Way SS. Kruppel-like factor 2+ CD4 T cells avert microbiota-induced intestinal inflammation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113323. [PMID: 37889750 PMCID: PMC10822050 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal colonization by antigenically foreign microbes necessitates expanded peripheral immune tolerance. Here we show commensal microbiota prime expansion of CD4 T cells unified by the Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) transcriptional regulator and an essential role for KLF2+ CD4 cells in averting microbiota-driven intestinal inflammation. CD4 cells with commensal specificity in secondary lymphoid organs and intestinal tissues are enriched for KLF2 expression, and distinct from FOXP3+ regulatory T cells or other differentiation lineages. Mice with conditional KLF2 deficiency in T cells develop spontaneous rectal prolapse and intestinal inflammation, phenotypes overturned by eliminating microbiota or reconstituting with donor KLF2+ cells. Activated KLF2+ cells selectively produce IL-10, and eliminating IL-10 overrides their suppressive function in vitro and protection against intestinal inflammation in vivo. Together with reduced KLF2+ CD4 cell accumulation in Crohn's disease, a necessity for the KLF2+ subpopulation of T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells in sustaining commensal tolerance is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yu Shao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Tony T Jiang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joseph Stevens
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Abigail E Russi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Advanced Nutrition, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ty D Troutman
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Anas Bernieh
- Division of Pathology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Giang Pham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - John J Erickson
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Emily M Eshleman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Theresa Alenghat
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Stephen C Jameson
- Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kristin A Hogquist
- Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Casey T Weaver
- Program in Immunology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - David B Haslam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Hitesh Deshmukh
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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21
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Willis KA, Silverberg M, Martin I, Abdelgawad A, Karabayir I, Halloran BA, Myers ED, Desai JP, White CT, Lal CV, Ambalavanan N, Peters BM, Jain VG, Akbilgic O, Tipton L, Jilling T, Cormier SA, Pierre JF, Talati AJ. The fungal intestinal microbiota predict the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birthweight newborns. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.05.29.23290625. [PMID: 37398134 PMCID: PMC10312873 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.29.23290625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common morbidity affecting very preterm infants. Gut fungal and bacterial microbial communities contribute to multiple lung diseases and may influence BPD pathogenesis. METHODS We performed a prospective, observational cohort study comparing the multikingdom fecal microbiota of 144 preterm infants with or without moderate to severe BPD by sequencing the bacterial 16S and fungal ITS2 ribosomal RNA gene. To address the potential causative relationship between gut dysbiosis and BPD, we used fecal microbiota transplant in an antibiotic-pseudohumanized mouse model. Comparisons were made using RNA sequencing, confocal microscopy, lung morphometry, and oscillometry. RESULTS We analyzed 102 fecal microbiome samples collected during the second week of life. Infants who later developed BPD showed an obvious fungal dysbiosis as compared to infants without BPD (NoBPD, p = 0.0398, permutational multivariate ANOVA). Instead of fungal communities dominated by Candida and Saccharomyces, the microbiota of infants who developed BPD were characterized by a greater diversity of rarer fungi in less interconnected community architectures. On successful colonization, the gut microbiota from infants with BPD augmented lung injury in the offspring of recipient animals. We identified alterations in the murine intestinal microbiome and transcriptome associated with augmented lung injury. CONCLUSIONS The gut fungal microbiome of infants who will develop BPD is dysbiotic and may contribute to disease pathogenesis.
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Yang J, Yang H, Li Y. The triple interactions between gut microbiota, mycobiota and host immunity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11604-11624. [PMID: 35776086 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2094888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is mainly composed of microbiota and mycobiota, both of which play important roles in the development of the host immune system, metabolic regulation, and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. With the increasing awareness of the pathogenic essence of infectious, immunodeficiency, and tumor-related diseases, the interactions between gut bacteria, fungi, and host immunity have been shown to directly influence the disease process or final therapeutic outcome, and collaborative and antagonistic relationships are commonly found between bacteria and fungi. Interventions represented by probiotics, prebiotics, engineered probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and drugs can effectively modulate the triple interactions. In particular, traditional probiotics represented by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and next-generation probiotics represented by Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii showed a high enrichment trend in the gut of patients with a high response to inflammation remission and tumor immunotherapy, which predicts the potential medicinal value of these beneficial microbial formulations. However, there are bottlenecks in all these interventions that need to be broken. Meanwhile, further unraveling the underlying mechanisms of the "triple interactions" model can guide precise interventions and ultimately improve the efficiency of interventions on the host gut microbiome and immune modulation, thus directly or indirectly improving anti-inflammatory and tumor immunotherapy effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingpeng Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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23
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Ost KS, Round JL. Commensal fungi in intestinal health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:723-734. [PMID: 37479823 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00816-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota is known to influence several facets of mammalian development, digestion and disease. Most studies of the microbiota have focused on the bacterial component, but the importance of commensal fungi in health and disease is becoming increasingly clear. Although fungi account for a smaller proportion of the microbiota than bacteria by number, they are much larger and therefore account for a substantial proportion of the biomass. Moreover, as fungi are eukaryotes, their metabolic pathways are complex and unique. In this Review, we discuss the evidence for involvement of specific members of the mycobiota in intestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer. We also highlight the importance of fungal interactions with intestinal bacteria and with the immune system. Although most studies of commensal fungi have focused on their role in disease, we also consider the beneficial effects of fungal colonies in the gut. The evidence highlights potential opportunities to target fungi and their interactions for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla S Ost
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - June L Round
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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24
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Wu H, Nandakumar KS. Epicutaneous Application of Mannan Induces Psoriasis-like Inflammation in an Inbred Mouse Strain. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4845. [PMID: 37900099 PMCID: PMC10603198 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mannan from yeast induces psoriasis-like inflammation in the skin of inbred mouse strains. Limitations of available models led us to develop a new psoriasis model with a rapid disease onset, severe disease course, short duration, and a simple and easy-to-induce protocol with much more practically convenient features and cost-benefits. Mannan-induced skin inflammation (MISI) is more severe than the classical imiquimod (IMQ)-induced skin inflammation (IISI), with characteristic features resembling human plaque psoriasis but with relatively fewer toxicity issues. Epicutaneous application of mannan (5 mg) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant or Vaseline induces severe psoriasis in BALB/c female mice. Psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) and histological evaluation of the skin could help assess the disease development. MISI mimics natural environmental factors affecting the skin relatively more closely than IISI. This disease model can be used to dissect inflammatory pathways in the skin, identify genetic and environmental factors affecting psoriasis, and test potential pharmacological agents or new combinations of available drugs for treatment before designing clinical trials. Key features • S. cerevisiae mannan induces psoriasis-like skin inflammation (MISI) when applied on the skin of inbred mice. • The MISI model has a rapid onset, severe disease, short duration, and simple and easy-to-induce protocol. • MISI is more severe than imiquimod-induced skin inflammation (IISI). • Female mice had a more severe disease than males in the MISI model, thereby allowing the study of sex-dependent disease mechanisms. • The MISI model identifies skin inflammatory pathways and genetic/environmental factors affecting psoriasis. • The MISI model can be used as a drug testing platform for potential pharmaceuticals to develop new therapeutics for psoriasis patients. • The MISI model can be used to explore the relative contribution of different pattern recognition receptors in the development and severity of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Eighth Affiliated City Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Eighth People’s Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Medical University – Karolinska Institute United Medical Inflammation Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kutty Selva Nandakumar
- Southern Medical University – Karolinska Institute United Medical Inflammation Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Environmental and Biosciences, School of Business, Innovation, and Sustainability, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
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25
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Gu P, Liu R, Yang Q, Xie L, Wei R, Li J, Mei F, Chen T, Zeng Z, He Y, Zhou H, Peng H, Nandakumar KS, Chu H, Jiang Y, Gong W, Chen Y, Schnabl B, Chen P. A metabolite from commensal Candida albicans enhances the bactericidal activity of macrophages and protects against sepsis. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1156-1170. [PMID: 37553429 PMCID: PMC10541433 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is recognized as a key modulator of sepsis development. However, the contribution of the gut mycobiome to sepsis development is still not fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that the level of Candida albicans was markedly decreased in patients with bacterial sepsis, and the supernatant of Candida albicans culture significantly decreased the bacterial load and improved sepsis symptoms in both cecum ligation and puncture (CLP)-challenged mice and Escherichia coli-challenged pigs. Integrative metabolomics and the genetic engineering of fungi revealed that Candida albicans-derived phenylpyruvate (PPA) enhanced the bactericidal activity of macrophages and reduced organ damage during sepsis. Mechanistically, PPA directly binds to sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production for eventual bacterial clearance. Importantly, PPA enhanced the bacterial clearance capacity of macrophages in sepsis patients and was inversely correlated with the severity of sepsis in patients. Our findings highlight the crucial contribution of commensal fungi to bacterial disease modulation and expand our understanding of the host-mycobiome interaction during sepsis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruofan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongjuan Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengyi Mei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan He
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongjuan Peng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kutty Selva Nandakumar
- Department of Environment and Biosciences, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Huikuan Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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26
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Wang T, Liu J, Luo Y, Yu B, Kong X, Zheng P, Huang Z, Mao X, Yu J, Luo J, Yan H, He J. Combined effects of host genetics and diet on porcine intestinal fungi and their pathogenic genes. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1192288. [PMID: 37822749 PMCID: PMC10563851 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1192288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As research on gut microbes progresses, it becomes increasingly clear that a small family of microbiota--fungi, plays a crucial role in animal health. However, little is known about the fungal composition in the pig intestine, especially after a dietary fiber diet and hybrid genetics, and the changes in host pathogenicity-associated genes they carry. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of diet and genetics on the diversity and structure of porcine intestinal fungi and to describe, for the first time, the host pathogenicity-related genes carried by porcine intestinal fungi. Samples of colonic contents were collected for metagenomic analysis using a 3 × 2 parsing design, where three pig breeds (Taoyuan, Duroc, and crossbred Xiangcun) were fed high or low fiber diets (n = 10). In all samples, we identified a total of 281 identifiable fungal genera, with Ascomycota and Microsporidia being the most abundant fungi. Compared to Duroc pigs, Taoyuan and Xiangcun pigs had higher fungal richness. Interestingly, the fiber diet significantly reduced the abundance of the pathogenic fungus Mucor and significantly increased the abundance of the fiber digestion-associated fungus Neocallimastix. Pathogenic fungi exert their pathogenicity through the genes they carry that are associated with host pathogenicity. Therefore, we obtained 839 pathogenicity genes carried by the spectrum of fungi in the pig intestine by comparing the PHI-base database. Our results showed that fungi in the colon of Taoyuan pigs carried the highest abundance of different classes of host pathogenicity-related genes, and the lowest in Duroc pigs. Specifically, Taoyuan pigs carried high abundance of animal pathogenicity-related genes (CaTUP1, CPAR2_106400, CaCDC35, Tfp1, CaMNT2), and CaTUP1 was the key gene for Candida pathogenicity. The intestinal fungal composition of crossbred Xiangcun pigs and the abundance of host pathogenicity-associated genes they carried exhibited a mixture of characteristics of Taoyuan and Duroc pigs. In conclusion, our results provide the first comprehensive report on the effects of dietary fiber and genetics on the composition of intestinal fungi and the host-associated pathogenicity genes they carry in pigs. These findings provide a reference for subsequent pig breeding and development of anti-pathogenic fungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
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27
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Chen Y, Han B, Guan X, Du G, Sheng B, Tang X, Zhang Q, Xie H, Jiang X, Tan Q, Chen S, Wang J, Chen W, Xiao W. Enteric fungi protect against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury via inhibiting the SAA1-GSDMD pathway. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00258-8. [PMID: 37717911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prophylactic antifungal therapy has been widely used for critical patients, but it has failed to improve patient prognosis and has become a hot topic. This may be related to disruption of fungal homeostasis, but the mechanism of fungi action is not clear. As a common pathway in critical patients, intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR) injury is fatal and regulated by gut microbiota. However, the exact role of enteric fungi in IIR injury remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This is a clinical study that aims to provide new perspectives in clarifying the underlying mechanism of IIR injury and propose potential strategies that could be relevant for the prevention and treatment of IIR injury in the near future. METHODS ITS sequencing was performed to detect the changes in fungi before and after IIR injury. The composition of enteric fungi was altered by pretreatment with single-fungal strains, fluconazole and mannan, respectively. Intestinal morphology and function impairment were evaluated in the IIR injury mouse model. Intestinal epithelial MODE-K cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells were cultured for in vitro tests. RESULTS Fecal fungi diversity revealed the obvious alteration in IIR patients and mice, accompanied by intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction. Fungal colonization and mannan supplementation could reverse intestinal morphology and function impairment that were exacerbated by fluconazole via inhibiting the expression of SAA1 from macrophages and decreasing pyroptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. Clodronate liposomes were used to deplete the number of macrophages, and it was demonstrated that the protective effect of mannan was dependent on macrophage involvement. CONCLUSION This finding firstly validates that enteric fungi play a crucial role in IIR injury. Preventive antifungal treatment should consider damaging fungal balance. This study provides a novel clue to clarify the role of enteric fungi in maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University(Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Ben Han
- Department of Nutrition, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xu Guan
- Department of Nephrology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Guangsheng Du
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University(Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Baifa Sheng
- Department of General surgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610036, China
| | - Xiaoqi Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Quanchao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Huichao Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University(Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xianhong Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qianshan Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University(Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Shuaishuai Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University(Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University(Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China.
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Orieux A, Enaud R, Imbert S, Boyer P, Begot E, Camino A, Boyer A, Berger P, Gruson D, Delhaes L, Prevel R. The gut microbiota composition is linked to subsequent occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0064123. [PMID: 37713505 PMCID: PMC10581192 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00641-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most frequent nosocomial infection in critically ill-ventilated patients. Oropharyngeal and lung microbiota have been demonstrated to be associated with VAP occurrence, but the involvement of gut microbiota has not been investigated so far. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the composition of the gut microbiota between patients who subsequently develop VAP and those who do not. A rectal swab was performed at admission of every consecutive patient into the intensive care unit (ICU) from October 2019 to March 2020. After DNA extraction, V3-V4 and internal transcribed spacer 2 regions deep-sequencing was performed on MiSeq sequencer (Illumina) and data were analyzed using Divisive Amplicon Denoising Algorithm 2 (DADA2) pipeline. Among 255 patients screened, 42 (16%) patients with invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 48 h were included, 18 (43%) with definite VAP and 24 without (57%). Patients who later developed VAP had similar gut bacteriobiota and mycobiota α-diversities compared to those who did not develop VAP. However, gut mycobiota was dissimilar (β-diversity) between these two groups. The presence of Megasphaera massiliensis was associated with the absence of VAP occurrence, whereas the presence of the fungal genus Alternaria sp. was associated with the occurrence of VAP. The composition of the gut microbiota, but not α-diversity, differs between critically ill patients who subsequently develop VAP and those who do not. This study encourages large multicenter cohort studies investigating the role of gut-lung axis and oropharyngeal colonization in the development of VAP in ICU patients. Trial registration number: NCT04131569, date of registration: 18 October 2019. IMPORTANCE The composition of the gut microbiota, but not α-diversity, differs between critically ill patients who subsequently develop ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and those who do not. Investigating gut microbiota composition could help to tailor probiotics to provide protection against VAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Orieux
- CHU Bordeaux, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Bordeaux, France
| | - Raphaël Enaud
- Univ Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1045, Bordeaux, France
- CHU Bordeaux, CRCM Pédiatrique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sébastien Imbert
- Univ Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1045, Bordeaux, France
- Mycology-Parasitology Department, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Boyer
- CHU Bordeaux, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Bordeaux, France
| | - Erwan Begot
- CHU Bordeaux, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Bordeaux, France
| | - Adrian Camino
- Univ Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandre Boyer
- CHU Bordeaux, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Bordeaux, France
- Univ Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Berger
- Univ Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Gruson
- CHU Bordeaux, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Bordeaux, France
- Univ Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Delhaes
- Univ Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1045, Bordeaux, France
- Mycology-Parasitology Department, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Renaud Prevel
- CHU Bordeaux, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Bordeaux, France
- Univ Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1045, Bordeaux, France
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29
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Engelhart MJ, Glowacki RWP, Till JM, Harding CV, Martens EC, Ahern PP. The NQR Complex Regulates the Immunomodulatory Function of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:767-781. [PMID: 37486212 PMCID: PMC10527448 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome and intestinal immune system are engaged in a dynamic interplay that provides myriad benefits to host health. However, the microbiome can also elicit damaging inflammatory responses, and thus establishing harmonious immune-microbiome interactions is essential to maintain homeostasis. Gut microbes actively coordinate the induction of anti-inflammatory responses that establish these mutualistic interactions. Despite this, the microbial pathways that govern this dialogue remain poorly understood. We investigated the mechanisms through which the gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron exerts its immunomodulatory functions on murine- and human-derived cells. Our data reveal that B. thetaiotaomicron stimulates production of the cytokine IL-10 via secreted factors that are packaged into outer membrane vesicles, in a TLR2- and MyD88-dependent manner. Using a transposon mutagenesis-based screen, we identified a key role for the B. thetaiotaomicron-encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (NQR) complex, which regenerates NAD+ during respiration, in this process. Finally, we found that disruption of NQR reduces the capacity of B. thetaiotaomicron to induce IL-10 by impairing biogenesis of outer membrane vesicles. These data identify a microbial pathway with a previously unappreciated role in gut microbe-mediated immunomodulation that may be targeted to manipulate the capacity of the microbiome to shape host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan J. Engelhart
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Robert W. P. Glowacki
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jessica M. Till
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Clifford V. Harding
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Eric C. Martens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Philip P. Ahern
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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30
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Yu H, Xu H, Yang X, Zhang Z, Hu J, Lu J, Fu J, Bu M, Zhang H, Zhai Z, Wang J, Jiang J, Wang Y. Gut microbiota-based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic study and molecular mechanism of specnuezhenide in the treatment of colorectal cancer targeting carboxylesterase. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1024-1040. [PMID: 37842660 PMCID: PMC10568112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Specnuezhenide (SNZ) is among the main components of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, which has anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-tumor effect. The low bioavailability makes it difficult to explain the mechanism of pharmacological effect of SNZ. In this study, the role of the gut microbiota in the metabolism and pharmacokinetics characteristics of SNZ as well as the pharmacological meaning were explored. SNZ can be rapidly metabolized by the gut microbiome, and two intestinal bacterial metabolites of SNZ, salidroside and tyrosol, were discovered. In addition, carboxylesterase may be the main intestinal bacterial enzyme that mediates its metabolism. At the same time, no metabolism was found in the incubation system of SNZ with liver microsomes or liver homogenate, indicating that the gut microbiota is the main part involved in the metabolism of SNZ. In addition, pharmacokinetic studies showed that salidroside and tyrosol can be detected in plasma in the presence of gut microbiota. Interestingly, tumor development was inhibited in a colorectal tumor mice model administered orally with SNZ, which indicated that SNZ exhibited potential to inhibit tumor growth, and tissue distribution studies showed that salidroside and tyrosol could be distributed in tumor tissues. At the same time, SNZ modulated the structure of gut microbiota and fungal group, which may be the mechanism governing the antitumoral activity of SNZ. Furthermore, SNZ stimulates the secretion of short-chain fatty acids by intestinal flora in vitro and in vivo. In the future, targeting gut microbes and the interaction between natural products and gut microbes could lead to the discovery and development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xinyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jiachun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jinyue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Mengmeng Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Haojian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jingyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
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31
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Zhao X, Hu X, Han J, Yin R, Zhang S, Liu H. Gut mycobiome: A "black box" of gut microbiome-host interactions. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1611. [PMID: 37157158 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Fungi, being a necessary component of the gut microbiome, potentially have direct or indirect effects on the health and illness status of the host. The gut mycobiome is an inducer of the host's immunity, maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and protecting against infections, as well as a reservoir of opportunistic microorganisms and a potential cofactor when the host is immunocompromised. In addition, gut fungi interact with a diverse range of microbes in the intestinal niches. In this article, we reviewed the composition of gut mycobiome, their association with host health and illness, and summarized the specific Candida albicans-host interactions, in order to provide insights and directions for the ongoing study of fungi. This article is categorized under: Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruopeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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32
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Chen YH, Yeung F, Lacey KA, Zaldana K, Lin JD, Bee GCW, McCauley C, Barre RS, Liang SH, Hansen CB, Downie AE, Tio K, Weiser JN, Torres VJ, Bennett RJ, Loke P, Graham AL, Cadwell K. Rewilding of laboratory mice enhances granulopoiesis and immunity through intestinal fungal colonization. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadd6910. [PMID: 37352372 PMCID: PMC10350741 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add6910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The paucity of blood granulocyte populations such as neutrophils in laboratory mice is a notable difference between this model organism and humans, but the cause of this species-specific difference is unclear. We previously demonstrated that laboratory mice released into a seminatural environment, referred to as rewilding, display an increase in blood granulocytes that is associated with expansion of fungi in the gut microbiota. Here, we find that tonic signals from fungal colonization induce sustained granulopoiesis through a mechanism distinct from emergency granulopoiesis, leading to a prolonged expansion of circulating neutrophils that promotes immunity. Fungal colonization after either rewilding or oral inoculation of laboratory mice with Candida albicans induced persistent expansion of myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow. This increase in granulopoiesis conferred greater long-term protection from bloodstream infection by gram-positive bacteria than by the trained immune response evoked by transient exposure to the fungal cell wall component β-glucan. Consequently, introducing fungi into laboratory mice may restore aspects of leukocyte development and provide a better model for humans and free-living mammals that are constantly exposed to environmental fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Han Chen
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute
| | - Frank Yeung
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute
| | - Keenan A. Lacey
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kimberly Zaldana
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute
| | - Jian-Da Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Gavyn Chern Wei Bee
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Caroline McCauley
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ramya S. Barre
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shen-Huan Liang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Christina B. Hansen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alexander E Downie
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kyle Tio
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute
| | - Jeffrey N. Weiser
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Victor J Torres
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Richard J. Bennett
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - P’ng Loke
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrea L. Graham
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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33
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Zhu Y, Cidan Y, Sun G, Li X, Shahid MA, Luosang Z, Suolang Z, Suo L, Basang W. Comparative analysis of gut fungal composition and structure of the yaks under different feeding models. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1193558. [PMID: 37396992 PMCID: PMC10310795 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1193558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The yaks that inhabit the Tibetan plateau are a rare breed that is closely related to local economic development and human civilization. This ancient breed may have evolved a unique gut microbiota due to the hypoxic high-altitude environment. The gut microbiota is susceptible to external factors, but research regarding the effects of different feeding models on the gut fungal community in yaks remains scarce. In this study, we compared and analyzed the composition and variability of the gut fungal community among wild yaks (WYG), house-feeding domestic yaks (HFG), and grazing domestic yaks (GYG). The results revealed that Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were the most preponderant phyla in the gut fungal community, regardless of feeding models. Although the types of dominant fungal phyla did not change, their abundances did. Intergroup analysis of fungal diversity showed that the Shannon and Simpson indices of WYG and GYG were significantly higher than those of HFG. Fungal taxonomic analysis showed that there were 20 genera (Sclerostagonospora and Didymella) that were significantly different between WYG and GYG, and 16 genera (Thelebolus and Cystobasidium) that were significantly different between the WYG and HFG. Furthermore, the proportions of 14 genera (Claussenomyces and Papiliotrema) significantly decreased, whereas the proportions of eight genera (Stropharia and Lichtheimia) significantly increased in HFG as compared to GYG. Taken together, this study indicated that the gut fungal composition and structure differ significantly between yaks raised in different breeding groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
- Linzhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Lhasa, China
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa, China
| | - Yangji Cidan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Guangming Sun
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Xin Li
- Linzhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Lhasa, China
| | - Muhammad Akbar Shahid
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zhaxi Luosang
- Linzhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Lhasa, China
| | - Zhaxi Suolang
- Linzhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Lhasa, China
| | - Lang Suo
- Linzhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Lhasa, China
| | - Wangdui Basang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
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34
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Jeong WS, Kong HR, Kim SY, Yeo SH. Exploring the Health Benefits of Yeast Isolated from Traditional Fermented Foods in Korea: Anti-Inflammatory and Functional Properties of Saccharomyces and Non- Saccharomyces Strains. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1503. [PMID: 37375005 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has been used for its benefits in various fermentation processes; the benefits of non-Saccharomyces yeast as a material for food, feed, and pharmaceuticals have been studied recently. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity and extracellular functional characteristics of wild-type yeasts isolated from traditional fermented foods (doenjang (common name: soybean paste) and nuruk) in Korea. The viability of the yeast and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAWBlue™ cells was improved, similar to unstimulated RAWBlue™ cells, and the isolates demonstrated NF-κB inhibitory activity. Yeast suppressed the nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAWBlue™ cells, which was attributed to the inhibition of iNOS or COX-2 mRNA expression depending on the strain. Although there were differences depending on the strain, the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines was reduced in the yeast and LPS-stimulated RAWBlue™ cells, some of which were demonstrated at the mRNA level. In addition, the isolates exhibited high antioxidant and antihypertensive activities (similar to the positive control), which varied depending on the strain. This suggests that yeast can be used for fermentation with enhanced antioxidant and antihypertensive activities. Furthermore, the isolates inhibited the growth of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, indicating that yeast can inhibit food spoilage and the growth of pathogenic bacteria during fermentation. Consequently, utilizing raw materials to cultivate yeast strains could be a promising avenue for developing functional foods to prevent and treat inflammatory reactions; such foods may exhibit antioxidant, antihypertensive, and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Soo Jeong
- Fermented and Processed Food Science Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Ram Kong
- Fermented and Processed Food Science Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Kim
- Fermented and Processed Food Science Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hwan Yeo
- Fermented and Processed Food Science Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
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35
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Tao C, Wang Z, Liu S, Lv N, Deng X, Xiong W, Shen Z, Zhang N, Geisen S, Li R, Shen Q, Kowalchuk GA. Additive fungal interactions drive biocontrol of Fusarium wilt disease. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1198-1214. [PMID: 36740577 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Host-associated fungi can help protect plants from pathogens, and empirical evidence suggests that such microorganisms can be manipulated by introducing probiotic to increase disease suppression. However, we still generally lack the mechanistic knowledge of what determines the success of probiotic application, hampering the development of reliable disease suppression strategies. We conducted a three-season consecutive microcosm experiment in which we amended banana Fusarium wilt disease-conducive soil with Trichoderma-amended biofertilizer or lacking this inoculum. High-throughput sequencing was complemented with cultivation-based methods to follow changes in fungal microbiome and explore potential links with plant health. Trichoderma application increased banana biomass by decreasing disease incidence by up to 72%, and this effect was attributed to changes in fungal microbiome, including the reduction in Fusarium oxysporum density and enrichment of pathogen-suppressing fungi (Humicola). These changes were accompanied by an expansion in microbial carbon resource utilization potential, features that contribute to disease suppression. We further demonstrated the disease suppression actions of Trichoderma-Humicola consortia, and results suggest niche overlap with pathogen and induction of plant systemic resistance may be mechanisms driving the observed biocontrol effects. Together, we demonstrate that fungal inoculants can modify the composition and functioning of the resident soil fungal microbiome to suppress soilborne disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Tao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Nana Lv
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xuhui Deng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Wu Xiong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Zongzhuan Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Rong Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - George A Kowalchuk
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, the Netherlands
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Proctor DM, Drummond RA, Lionakis MS, Segre JA. One population, multiple lifestyles: Commensalism and pathogenesis in the human mycobiome. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:539-553. [PMID: 37054674 PMCID: PMC10155287 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Candida auris and Candida albicans can result in invasive fungal diseases. And yet, these species can stably and asymptomatically colonize human skin and gastrointestinal tracts. To consider these disparate microbial lifestyles, we first review factors shown to influence the underlying microbiome. Structured by the damage response framework, we then consider the molecular mechanisms deployed by C. albicans to switch between commensal and pathogenic lifestyles. Next, we explore this framework with C. auris to highlight how host physiology, immunity, and/or antibiotic receipt are associated with progression from colonization to infection. While treatment with antibiotics increases the risk that an individual will succumb to invasive candidiasis, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we describe several hypotheses that may explain this phenomenon. We conclude by highlighting future directions integrating genomics with immunology to advance our understanding of invasive candidiasis and human fungal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Proctor
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Rebecca A Drummond
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology & Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julia A Segre
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Bazant W, Blevins AS, Crouch K, Beiting DP. Improved eukaryotic detection compatible with large-scale automated analysis of metagenomes. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:72. [PMID: 37032329 PMCID: PMC10084625 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eukaryotes such as fungi and protists frequently accompany bacteria and archaea in microbial communities. Unfortunately, their presence is difficult to study with "shotgun" metagenomic sequencing since prokaryotic signals dominate in most environments. Recent methods for eukaryotic detection use eukaryote-specific marker genes, but they do not incorporate strategies to handle the presence of eukaryotes that are not represented in the reference marker gene set, and they are not compatible with web-based tools for downstream analysis. RESULTS Here, we present CORRAL (for Clustering Of Related Reference ALignments), a tool for the identification of eukaryotes in shotgun metagenomic data based on alignments to eukaryote-specific marker genes and Markov clustering. Using a combination of simulated datasets, mock community standards, and large publicly available human microbiome studies, we demonstrate that our method is not only sensitive and accurate but is also capable of inferring the presence of eukaryotes not included in the marker gene reference, such as novel strains. Finally, we deploy CORRAL on our MicrobiomeDB.org resource, producing an atlas of eukaryotes present in various environments of the human body and linking their presence to study covariates. CONCLUSIONS CORRAL allows eukaryotic detection to be automated and carried out at scale. Implementation of CORRAL in MicrobiomeDB.org creates a running atlas of microbial eukaryotes in metagenomic studies. Since our approach is independent of the reference used, it may be applicable to other contexts where shotgun metagenomic reads are matched against redundant but non-exhaustive databases, such as the identification of bacterial virulence genes or taxonomic classification of viral reads. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojtek Bazant
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ann S Blevins
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kathryn Crouch
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Daniel P Beiting
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Prevel R, Enaud R, Orieux A, Camino A, Sioniac P, M'Zali F, Dubois V, Berger P, Boyer A, Delhaes L, Gruson D. Bridging gut microbiota composition with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Enterobacteriales faecal carriage in critically ill patients (microbe cohort study). Ann Intensive Care 2023; 13:25. [PMID: 37014580 PMCID: PMC10073396 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-023-01121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide dissemination of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriales (ESBL-E) is of major concern. Microbiota may play a role in the host resistance to colonization with ESBL-E, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We aimed to compare the gut microbiota composition between ESBL-producing E. coli or K. pneumoniae carriers and ESBL-E non-carriers according to the bacterial species. RESULTS Among 255 patients included, 11 (4,3%) were colonized with ESBL-producing E. coli and 6 (2,4%) with ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae, which were compared with age- and sex-matched ESBL-E non carriers. While no significant differences were found between ESBL-producing E. coli carriers and non-carriers, gut bacteriobiota α-diversity was decreased in ESBL-K. pneumoniae faecal carriers compared both with non-carriers (p = 0.05), and with ESBL-producing E. coli carriers. The presence of Sellimonas intestinalis was associated with the absence of ESBL-producing E. coli fecal carriage. Campylobacter ureolyticus, Campylobacter hominis, bacteria belonging to Clostridium cluster XI and Saccharomyces sp. were associated with the absence of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae faecal carriage. CONCLUSIONS The composition of the gut microbiota differs between ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae faecal carriers suggesting that microbial species should be taken into account when investigating the role of gut microbiota in resistance to gut colonization with ESBL-E. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04131569, date of registration: October 18, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Prevel
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, CHU Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux Univ Bordeaux Inserm UMR 1045, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Raphaël Enaud
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux Univ Bordeaux Inserm UMR 1045, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- CHU Bordeaux, CRCM Pédiatrique, CIC 1401, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Arthur Orieux
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, CHU Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Adrian Camino
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux Univ Bordeaux Inserm UMR 1045, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Sioniac
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, CHU Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fatima M'Zali
- Univ Bordeaux UMR 5234 CNRS, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Véronique Dubois
- Univ Bordeaux UMR 5234 CNRS, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- Bacteriology Department, CIC 1401, CHU Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Berger
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux Univ Bordeaux Inserm UMR 1045, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandre Boyer
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, CHU Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux Univ Bordeaux Inserm UMR 1045, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Delhaes
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux Univ Bordeaux Inserm UMR 1045, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- Mycology-Parasitology Department, CIC 1401, CHU Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Gruson
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, CHU Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux Univ Bordeaux Inserm UMR 1045, 33000, Bordeaux, France
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Wilson A, Bogie B, Chaaban H, Burge K. The Nonbacterial Microbiome: Fungal and Viral Contributions to the Preterm Infant Gut in Health and Disease. Microorganisms 2023; 11:909. [PMID: 37110332 PMCID: PMC10144239 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome is frequently implicated in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) pathogenesis. While no particular organism has been associated with NEC development, a general reduction in bacterial diversity and increase in pathobiont abundance has been noted preceding disease onset. However, nearly all evaluations of the preterm infant microbiome focus exclusively on the bacterial constituents, completely ignoring any fungi, protozoa, archaea, and viruses present. The abundance, diversity, and function of these nonbacterial microbes within the preterm intestinal ecosystem are largely unknown. Here, we review findings on the role of fungi and viruses, including bacteriophages, in preterm intestinal development and neonatal intestinal inflammation, with potential roles in NEC pathogenesis yet to be determined. In addition, we highlight the importance of host and environmental influences, interkingdom interactions, and the role of human milk in shaping fungal and viral abundance, diversity, and function within the preterm intestinal ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hala Chaaban
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kathryn Burge
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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40
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Zeng S, Rosati E, Saggau C, Messner B, Chu H, Duan Y, Hartmann P, Wang Y, Ma S, Huang WJM, Lee J, Lee SM, Carvalho-Gontijo R, Zhang V, Hoffmann JP, Kolls JK, Raz E, Brenner DA, Kisseleva T, LeibundGut-Landmann S, Bacher P, Stärkel P, Schnabl B. Candida albicans-specific Th17 cell-mediated response contributes to alcohol-associated liver disease. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:389-404.e7. [PMID: 36893735 PMCID: PMC10039706 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease is accompanied by intestinal mycobiome dysbiosis, yet the impacts on liver disease are unclear. We demonstrate that Candida albicans-specific T helper 17 (Th17) cells are increased in circulation and present in the liver of patients with alcohol-associated liver disease. Chronic ethanol administration in mice causes migration of Candida albicans (C. albicans)-reactive Th17 cells from the intestine to the liver. The antifungal agent nystatin decreased C. albicans-specific Th17 cells in the liver and reduced ethanol-induced liver disease in mice. Transgenic mice expressing T cell receptors (TCRs) reactive to Candida antigens developed more severe ethanol-induced liver disease than transgene-negative littermates. Adoptively transferring Candida-specific TCR transgenic T cells or polyclonal C. albicans-primed T cells exacerbated ethanol-induced liver disease in wild-type mice. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) receptor A signaling in Kupffer cells was required for the effects of polyclonal C. albicans-primed T cells. Our findings indicate that ethanol increases C. albicans-specific Th17 cells, which contribute to alcohol-associated liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suling Zeng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Elisa Rosati
- Institute of Immunology & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel and Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carina Saggau
- Institute of Immunology & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel and Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Berith Messner
- Institute of Immunology & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel and Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Huikuan Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yi Duan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Phillipp Hartmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yanhan Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shengyun Ma
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Jia Men Huang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jihyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sung Min Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Vivian Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joseph P Hoffmann
- Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Eyal Raz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David A Brenner
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Salomé LeibundGut-Landmann
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Bacher
- Institute of Immunology & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel and Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Stärkel
- St. Luc University Hospital, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Hu J, Chen J, Hou Q, Xu X, Ren J, Ma L, Yan X. Core-predominant gut fungus Kazachstania slooffiae promotes intestinal epithelial glycolysis via lysine desuccinylation in pigs. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:31. [PMID: 36814349 PMCID: PMC9948344 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut fungi are increasingly recognized as important contributors to host physiology, although most studies have focused on gut bacteria. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins play vital roles in cell metabolism. However, the contribution of gut fungi to host protein PTMs remains unclear. Mining gut fungi that mediate host protein PTMs and dissecting their mechanism are urgently needed. RESULTS We studied the gut fungal communities of 56 weaned piglets and 56 finishing pigs from seven pig breeds using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene amplicon sequencing and metagenomics. The results showed that Kazachstania slooffiae was the most abundant gut fungal species in the seven breeds of weaned piglets. K. slooffiae decreased intestinal epithelial lysine succinylation levels, and these proteins were especially enriched in the glycolysis pathway. We demonstrated that K. slooffiae promoted intestinal epithelial glycolysis by decreasing lysine succinylation by activating sirtuin 5 (SIRT5). Furthermore, K. slooffiae-derived 5'-methylthioadenosine metabolite promoted the SIRT5 activity. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a landscape of gut fungal communities of pigs and suggest that K. slooffiae plays a crucial role in intestinal glycolysis metabolism through lysine desuccinylation. Our data also suggest a potential protective strategy for pigs with an insufficient intestinal energy supply. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- BGI Research-Qingdao, BGI, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Qiliang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Libao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xianghua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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Eshleman EM, Shao TY, Woo V, Rice T, Engleman L, Didriksen BJ, Whitt J, Haslam DB, Way SS, Alenghat T. Intestinal epithelial HDAC3 and MHC class II coordinate microbiota-specific immunity. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e162190. [PMID: 36602872 PMCID: PMC9927950 DOI: 10.1172/jci162190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant immune responses to resident microbes promote inflammatory bowel disease and other chronic inflammatory conditions. However, how microbiota-specific immunity is controlled in mucosal tissues remains poorly understood. Here, we found that mice lacking epithelial expression of microbiota-sensitive histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) exhibited increased accumulation of commensal-specific CD4+ T cells in the intestine, provoking the hypothesis that epithelial HDAC3 may instruct local microbiota-specific immunity. Consistent with this, microbiota-specific CD4+ T cells and epithelial HDAC3 expression were concurrently induced following early-life microbiota colonization. Further, epithelium-intrinsic ablation of HDAC3 decreased commensal-specific Tregs, increased commensal-specific Th17 cells, and promoted T cell-driven colitis. Mechanistically, HDAC3 was essential for NF-κB-dependent regulation of epithelial MHC class II (MHCII). Epithelium-intrinsic MHCII dampened local accumulation of commensal-specific Th17 cells in adult mice and protected against microbiota-triggered inflammation. Remarkably, HDAC3 enabled the microbiota to induce MHCII expression on epithelial cells and limit the number of commensal-specific T cells in the intestine. Collectively, these data reveal a central role for an epithelial histone deacetylase in directing the dynamic balance of tissue-intrinsic CD4+ T cell subsets that recognize commensal microbes and control inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tzu-Yu Shao
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance
- Division of Infectious Disease, and
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Vivienne Woo
- Division of Immunobiology
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance
| | - Taylor Rice
- Division of Immunobiology
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance
| | - Laura Engleman
- Division of Immunobiology
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance
| | - Bailey J. Didriksen
- Division of Immunobiology
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jordan Whitt
- Division of Immunobiology
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance
| | | | - Sing Sing Way
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance
- Division of Infectious Disease, and
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Host Factors Associated with Gut Mycobiome Structure. mSystems 2023; 8:e0098622. [PMID: 36786595 PMCID: PMC10134842 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00986-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies revealed a significant role of the gut fungal community in human health. Here, we investigated the content and variation of gut mycobiota among subjects from the European population. We explored the interplay between gut fungi and various host-related sociodemographic, lifestyle, health, and dietary factors. The study included 923 participants. Fecal DNA samples were analyzed by whole-metagenome high-throughput sequencing. Subsequently, fungi taxonomic profiles were determined and accompanied by computational and statistical analyses of the association with 53 host-related factors. Fungal communities were characterized by a high prevalence of Saccharomyces, Candida, and Sporisorium. Ten factors were found to correlate significantly with the overall mycobiota variation. Most were diet related, including the consumption of chips, meat, sodas, sweetening, processed food, and alcohol, followed by age and marital status. Differences in α- and/or β-diversity were also reported for other factors such as body mass index (BMI), job type, autoimmunological diseases, and probiotics. Differential abundance analysis revealed fungal species that exhibited different patterns of changes under specific conditions. The human gut mycobiota is dominated by yeast, including Saccharomyces, Malassezia, and Candida. Although intervolunteer variability was high, several fungal species persisted across most samples, which may be evidence that a core gut mycobiota exists. Moreover, we showed that host-related factors such as diet, age, and marital status influence the variability of gut mycobiota. To our knowledge, this is the first large and comprehensive study of the European cohort in terms of gut mycobiota associations with such an extensive and differentiated host-related set of factors. IMPORTANCE The human gut is inhabited by many organisms, including bacteria and fungi, that may affect human health. However, research on human gut mycobiome is still rare. Moreover, the large European-based cohort study is missing. Here, we analyzed the first large European cohort in terms of gut mycobiota associations with a differentiated host-related set of factors. Our results showed that chips, meat, sodas, sweetening, processed food, beer, alcohol consumption, age, and marital status were associated with the variability of gut mycobiota. Moreover, our analysis revealed changes in abundances at the fungal species level for many investigated factors. Our results can suggest potentially valuable paths for further, narrowly focused research on gut mycobiome and its impact on human health. In the coming era of gut microbiome-based precision medicine, further research into the relationship between different mycobial structures and host-related factors may result in new preventive approaches or therapeutic procedures.
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Mishima R, Tanaka M, Momoda R, Sanefuji M, Morokuma S, Ogawa M, Kato K, Nakayama J. Longitudinal gut mycobiota changes in Japanese infants during first three years of life. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 135:266-273. [PMID: 36740519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although fungi can have a large impact on host health through the stimulation of the immune system and toxin production, few studies have investigated the gut mycobiota during infancy, a period during which sensitivity to internal and external stimuli is high. To capture the trend in fungal colonization during infancy, we evaluated the gut mycobiota of ten Japanese infants during the first 3 years of life. Infants had two major phyla, Ascomycota (68.9%) and Basidiomycota (29.6%), and the most abundant genus was Saccharomyces (26.8%), followed by Malassezia (18.5%), Candida (12.3%), Meyerozyma (8.5%), and Penicillium (8.3%). Alpha diversity analysis revealed a significant decrease in fungal richness and evenness with age, suggesting adaptive selection of the colonizing species in the gut environment. Beta diversity analysis divided infant mycobiota into age-related clusters and showed discrete separation before and after weaning, suggesting shift in microenvironment via weaning. In the initial stage, a variety of fungal species that likely originated from an environment, such as Malassezia spp., was highly colonized and were replaced by yeasts, such as Saccharomyces, after weaning. Further studies are needed to shed light on how the passage of the series of fungal colonizations in infancy affects the development of the host immune system and the other homeostasis involved in health later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riko Mishima
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Rie Momoda
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masafumi Sanefuji
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga-shi, Saga 849-8501, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Seiichi Morokuma
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masanobu Ogawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakayama
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Evans T, Ali U, Anderton R, Raby E, Manning L, Litton E. Lower gut dysbiosis and mortality in acute critical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med Exp 2023; 11:6. [PMID: 36732439 PMCID: PMC9895325 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-022-00486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human gastrointestinal tract harbours a complex multi-kingdom community known as the microbiome. Dysbiosis refers to its disruption and is reportedly extreme in acute critical illness yet its clinical implications are unresolved. The review systematically evaluates the association between gut dysbiosis and clinical outcomes of patients early in critical illness. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, a prospectively registered search was undertaken of MEDLINE and Cochrane databases for observational studies undertaking metagenomic sequencing of the lower gastrointestinal tract of critically ill adults and children within 72 h of admission. Eligible studies reported an alpha diversity metric and one or more of the primary outcome, in-hospital mortality, or secondary clinical outcomes. After aggregate data were requested, meta-analysis was performed for four studies with in-hospital mortality stratified to high or low Shannon index. RESULTS The search identified 26 studies for systematic review and 4 had suitable data for meta-analysis. No effect of alpha diversity was seen on in-hospital mortality after binary transformation of Shannon index (odds ratio 0.52, CI 0.12-4.98, I2 = 0.64) however certainty of evidence is low. Pathogen dominance and commensal depletion were each more frequently associated with in-hospital mortality, adverse clinical and ecological sequelae, particularly overabundance of Enterococcus. CONCLUSIONS There is a paucity of large, rigorous observational studies in this population. Globally, alpha diversity was dynamically reduced in early ICU admission in adults and children and was not associated with in-hospital mortality. The abundance of taxa such as Enterococcus spp. appears to offer greater predictive capacity for important clinical and ecological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Evans
- grid.459958.c0000 0004 4680 1997Intensive Care Unit, Fiona Stanley Hospital, South Metropolitan Health Service, WA Health, Perth, Australia ,grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Umar Ali
- grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Ryan Anderton
- grid.266886.40000 0004 0402 6494School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia (Fremantle), Fremantle, Australia
| | - Edward Raby
- grid.459958.c0000 0004 4680 1997Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, South Metropolitan Health Service, WA Health, Perth, Australia ,grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Laurens Manning
- grid.459958.c0000 0004 4680 1997Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, South Metropolitan Health Service, WA Health, Perth, Australia ,grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Edward Litton
- grid.459958.c0000 0004 4680 1997Intensive Care Unit, Fiona Stanley Hospital, South Metropolitan Health Service, WA Health, Perth, Australia ,grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
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Mycobiome profiling of nasopharyngeal region of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105059. [PMID: 36241143 PMCID: PMC9553963 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.105059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present cross-sectional study aims to understand the fungal community composition of the nasopharyngeal region of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals and how the infection influences the mycobiome therein. The infection significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the alpha diversity. Interestingly, a higher abundance of Cladosporium and Alternaria was noted in the infected individuals and inter-individual variation in mycobiome composition was well supported by beta dispersion analysis (p < 0.05). Moreover, decrease in Aspergillus abundance was observed in infected patients across the four age groups. This study provides insight into the alteration in mycobiome during the viral disease progression and demands continuous investigation to monitor fungal infections.
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S A, K G, A AM. Intermodulation of gut-lung axis microbiome and the implications of biotics to combat COVID-19. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:14262-14278. [PMID: 34699326 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1994875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus has infected millions of people around the world with a surge in transmission and mortality rates. Although it is a respiratory viral infection that affects airway epithelial cells, a diverse set of complications, including cytokine storm, gastrointestinal disorders, neurological distress, and hyperactive immune responses have been reported. However, growing evidence indicates that the bidirectional crosstalk of the gut-lung axis can decipher the complexity of the disease. Though not much research has been focused on the gut-lung axis microbiome, there is a translocation of COVID-19 infection from the lung to the gut through the lymphatic system resulting in disruption of gut permeability and its integrity. It is believed that detailed elucidation of the gut-lung axis crosstalk and the role of microbiota can unravel the most significant insights on the discovery of diagnosis using microbiome-based-therapeutics for COVID-19. This review calls attention to relate the influence of dysbiosis caused by COVID-19 and the involvement of the gut-lung axis. It presents first of its kind details that concentrate on the momentousness of biotics in disease progression and restoration. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya S
- Department of Bioinformatics, Stella Maris College, Chennai, India.,Centre for Advanced Studies in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Gunasekaran K
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Anita Margret A
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Worsley SF, Davies CS, Mannarelli ME, Komdeur J, Dugdale HL, Richardson DS. Assessing the causes and consequences of gut mycobiome variation in a wild population of the Seychelles warbler. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:242. [PMID: 36575553 PMCID: PMC9795730 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable research has focussed on the importance of bacterial communities within the vertebrate gut microbiome (GM). However, studies investigating the significance of other microbial kingdoms, such as fungi, are notably lacking, despite their potential to influence host processes. Here, we characterise the fungal GM of individuals living in a natural population of Seychelles warblers (Acrocephalus sechellensis). We evaluate the extent to which fungal GM structure is shaped by environment and host factors, including genome-wide heterozygosity and variation at key immune genes (major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and Toll-like receptor (TLR)). Importantly, we also explore the relationship between fungal GM differences and subsequent host survival. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the genetic drivers and fitness consequences of fungal GM variation have been characterised for a wild vertebrate population. RESULTS Environmental factors, including season and territory quality, explain the largest proportion of variance in the fungal GM. In contrast, neither host age, sex, genome-wide heterozygosity, nor TLR3 genotype was associated with fungal GM differences in Seychelles warblers. However, the presence of four MHC-I alleles and one MHC-II allele was associated with changes in fungal GM alpha diversity. Changes in fungal richness ranged from between 1 and 10 sequencing variants lost or gained; in some cases, this accounted for 20% of the fungal variants carried by an individual. In addition to this, overall MHC-I allelic diversity was associated with small, but potentially important, changes in fungal GM composition. This is evidenced by the fact that fungal GM composition differed between individuals that survived or died within 7 months of being sampled. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that environmental factors play a primary role in shaping the fungal GM, but that components of the host immune system-specifically the MHC-may also contribute to the variation in fungal communities across individuals within wild populations. Furthermore, variation in the fungal GM can be associated with differential survival in the wild. Further work is needed to establish the causality of such relationships and, thus, the extent to which components of the GM may impact host evolution. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Worsley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Charli S Davies
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
- NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Maria-Elena Mannarelli
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Jan Komdeur
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah L Dugdale
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David S Richardson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK.
- Nature Seychelles, Roche Caiman, Mahé, Republic of Seychelles.
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Maternal Mycobiome, but Not Antibiotics, Alters Fungal Community Structure in Neonatal Piglets. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0159322. [PMID: 36448784 PMCID: PMC9765005 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01593-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life antibiotic exposure is associated with diverse long-term adverse health outcomes. Despite the immunomodulatory effects of gastrointestinal fungi, the impact of antibiotics on the fungal community (mycobiome) has received little attention. The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of commonly prescribed infant antibiotic treatments on the microbial loads and structures of bacterial and fungal communities in the gastrointestinal tract. Thirty-two piglets were divided into four treatment groups: amoxicillin (A), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AC), gentamicin-ampicillin (GA), and flavored placebo (P). Antibiotics were administered orally starting on postnatal day (PND) 1 until PND 8, except for GA, which was given on PNDs 5 and 6 intramuscularly. Fecal swabs were collected from piglets on PNDs 3 and 8, and sow feces were collected 1 day after farrowing. The impacts of antibiotics on bacterial and fungal communities were assessed by sequencing the 16S rRNA and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) rRNA genes, respectively, and quantitative PCR was performed to determine total bacterial and fungal loads. Antibiotics did not alter the α-diversity (P = 0.834) or β-diversity (P = 0.565) of fungal communities on PND 8. AC increased the ratio of total fungal/total bacterial loads on PND 8 (P = 0.027). There was strong clustering of piglets by litter on PND 8 (P < 0.001), which corresponded to significant differences in the sow mycobiome, especially the presence of Kazachstania slooffiae. In summary, we observed a strong litter effect and showed that the maternal mycobiome is essential for shaping the piglet mycobiome in early life. IMPORTANCE This work provides evidence that although the fungal community composition is not altered by antibiotics, the overall fungal load increases with the administration of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Additionally, we show that the maternal fungal community is important in establishing the fungal community in piglets.
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Wissel E, Leon L, Tipton L. Opportunities for growth in the growing field of psychobiotics. Benef Microbes 2022; 13:445-452. [PMID: 36377580 DOI: 10.3920/bm2022.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the field of psychobiotics, which are probiotics that confer a mental health benefit when ingested. As this field grows, it should pay particular attention to three areas within psychobiotics research that are currently under-studied - sex (and gender) representation, fungi and the mycobiome, and vagus nerve activity. Giving these three domains more attention is currently feasible without significant increased investment of time or money. We discuss these three domains briefly, why they are of particular relevance for psychobiotics research, and how psychobiotics research can easily integrate their perspectives. Our recommendations are summarised in the conclusion, but include equal sex representation at all phases of research (human and animal studies), investigating the relationship between psychobiotics and commensal fungi, and measuring the activity of the vagus nerve in psychobiotics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wissel
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - L Leon
- College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, 605 Hutchison Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - L Tipton
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, 3140 Waialae Avenue, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA
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