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Amin Z, Sheikh PA, Jan I, Summuna B, Dar AA, Wani FF, Bhat ZA. Residues determination, risk assessment, and dissipation behavior of myclobutanil formulation on apple. Biomed Chromatogr 2024:e5879. [PMID: 38599673 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the dissipation pattern, risk assessment, and waiting period of myclobutanil on apple fruit (Malus domestica Borkh.) under temperate conditions in Kashmir, India. The study involved the application of myclobutanil 10 WP at a single recommended dosage (125 g a.i. ha-1) and double dosage (250 g a.i. ha-1) on Red Velox apple trees, 2 months before harvest. GC equipped with an electron capture detector was used to analyze myclobutanil residues in fruit samples. The study revealed that myclobutanil, at both recommended and double recommended doses, dissipated rapidly and became nondetectable after 55 and 60 days, respectively. The waiting period for myclobutanil application was determined to be 12.41 days for the single dose and 25.58 days for the double dose, respectively. These waiting periods were based on the maximum residue limit of 0.6 ppm as prescribed by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, and European Commission. The study concludes that myclobutanil 10 WP is safe for consumers at both recommended and double recommended doses when applied 2 months before harvest. Risk assessment, considering the average daily apple consumption in India and theoretical maximum residue contributions (TMRCs), indicates negligible health hazards even at double the recommended dosage. The calculated TMRC values at Day 0 were significantly below the maximum permissible intake. For average and maximum myclobutanil residues at single and double doses, the TMRC values were found to be 0.0069 and 0.0070 mg day-1 person-1 and 0.0105 and 0.0106 mg day-1 person-1, respectively. These results indicate that myclobutanil, when used according to recommended dosages and waiting periods, poses minimal health risks to consumers. The study emphasizes the importance of prudent fungicide use to minimize fungicide residues on fruits, thereby ensuring their safety for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Amin
- Division of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Sopore, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Parveez Ahmad Sheikh
- Division of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Ishrat Jan
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Baby Summuna
- Directorate of Research, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Alamgir Ahmad Dar
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Fazil Fayaz Wani
- Division of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Sopore, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Bhat
- Division of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
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Liu JB, Zhou YJ, Du FZ, Man YB, Wong MH, Cheng Z. Human health risk assessment based on a total diet study of daily mercury intake in Chengdu, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:138. [PMID: 38483661 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01910-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
To assess the total daily mercury intake and main exposure sources of residents, six food groups, including marine fish, freshwater fish, poultry, livestock, vegetables, and cereals, were collected from five districts of Chengdu, China. The median concentrations of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) were 12.8 and 6.94 μg kg-1 ww, respectively. Cereals (32.2%), vegetables (30.5%), and livestock (16.2%) contributed to a much larger extent to the total consumption for the participants in Chengdu. All food categories that contributed the most of THg (2.16 μg day-1) and MeHg 1.44 (μg day-1) to the daily intake in Chengdu were cereals and marine fish, respectively. The total Hazard Ratios values below 1 in this study indicate that there is no health risk associated with Hg ingestion from the consumption of these foods for the residents in Chengdu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Bo Liu
- College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Jun Zhou
- College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhou Du
- College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Bon Man
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Cheng
- College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
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Achour A, Derouiche A, Driss MR, Tebourbi O. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in adipose tissue of women from Grand Tunis and their association with demographic factors and dietary habits. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139600. [PMID: 37480958 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and polychloronated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in 25 woman adipose tissues collected in 2016 from Grand Tunis, Tunisia. p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, HCB and β-HCH were the dominant organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in decreasing order in all samples. The total OCP levels varied from 79 to 343 ng g-1 lipid with a median value of 189 ng g-1 lipid and DDTs contributed approximately 88% to sum OCP. The ratio of p,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDE across all samples is below one, which suggests mainly historic exposure but may indicate some recent exposure to the banned pesticide. The median concentration of PCBs was 109 ng g-1 lipid and ranged between 27 and 204 ng g-1 lipid. PCB-153, PCB-180, PCB-138 and PCB-170 were the most abundant congeners, which contributed about 78% of the total PCBs. Spearman analysis showed that dominant organochlorine compounds (OCs) are highly positive correlated except for PCB-28/31, indicating that women from Tunis are exposed via similar routes. Inhalation exposure could be a possible pathway for the uptake of the less chlorinated congeners. We found positive and statistically significant association with subjects age for HCB (r = 0.517; p = 0.009) and PCBs (r = 0.65; p = 0.001) levels and a weak age-dependent accumulation was found for HCHs (r = 0.375; p = 0.065) and DDTs (r = 0.388; p = 0.056). The concentrations of OC subgroups were not associated with BMI, parity and residence. No association was observed between fish, red/white meat, milk and dairy products consumption and levels of HCB, HCHs and PCBs. DDTs levels were significantly correlated only with milk (p = 0.048) and milk products (p = 0.047) intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Achour
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage Tunisia, 7021, Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia.
| | - Abdelkader Derouiche
- Laboratory of Hetero-organic Compounds and Nanostructural Materials (LR18ES11), Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage Tunisia, 7021, Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Ridha Driss
- Laboratory of Hetero-organic Compounds and Nanostructural Materials (LR18ES11), Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage Tunisia, 7021, Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia.
| | - Olfa Tebourbi
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage Tunisia, 7021, Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia.
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Yang Y, Guo Y, Jia X, Zhang Q, Mao J, Feng Y, Yin D, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Ouyang G, Zhang W. An ultrastable 2D covalent organic framework coating for headspace solid-phase microextraction of organochlorine pesticides in environmental water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131228. [PMID: 36963192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a quinoline-linked ultrastable 2D covalent organic framework (COF-CN) coated fiber was successfully prepared and used for highly-sensitive headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in environmental water. The extraction efficiency of the COF-CN coating for all 14 OCPs was higher than that of four commercial SPME fiber coatings and most of the published works, with enrichment factors ranging from 540 to 5065. In combination with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), a wide linear range (0.05-200 ng/L), low detection limits (LODs, 0.0010-13.54 ng/L) and satisfactory reproducibility and repeatability were obtained under optimal conditions. Compared with the published works, the LODs of the developed technique were improved 2-5.9 times, and the enrichment factors (EFs) of the developed method were enhanced at least 2 times. The COF-CN coated fiber can be easily recycled and reused at least 70 times without any washing step. The adsorption mechanism was first characterized by density functional theory calculations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Besides, the established method was successfully applied to the analysis of the distribution of trace OCPs in real water samples from Henan Province. All these results proved the promising application of the developed HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS method for organic pollutants analysis in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Yun Guo
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Xiaocan Jia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Qidong Zhang
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Flavour Science Research Center of Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Jian Mao
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Flavour Science Research Center of Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Yumin Feng
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Dan Yin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Wuduo Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China.
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Flavour Science Research Center of Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, PR China
| | - Wenfen Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China.
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Zheng C, Yang ZB, Xu XX, Cheng Z. Assessing the risk of human exposure to bioaccessible arsenic from total diet through market food consumption in Chengdu, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:2065-2076. [PMID: 35789313 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To assess the daily intake of total arsenic (tAs) and arsenic speciation and their potential health risks, different food groups, including vegetables, rice, meat, viscera, freshwater fish, and seafood from Chengdu, China were analyzed. The concentrations of tAs ranged from 41.3 to 1185 μg kg-1 with a median of 238 μg kg-1, and 26.0% of tAs in the food groups was of inorganic toxic form. The median concentration of As(V) in rice (184 ± 21.6 μg kg-1) was approximately 2 to 6 times higher than those in other food groups. The bioaccessible inorganic arsenic (iAs) concentrations of the food items obtained from the local markets of Chengdu ranged from 1.07 to 24.6 μg kg-1 (mean of 6.04 μg kg-1). Rice contributed toward the largest amount of daily iAs intake (66.2%). The mean daily iAs intake from vegetable, meat and viscera contributed 10.7%, 12.5% and 6.04% of total iAs intake, respectively. The actual concentration of arsenic in the food exposed to the human body depends on oral bioaccessible fraction. The oral bioaccessibility estimated daily intake (μg kg-1 bw d-1) of tAs and iAs for the residents of Chengdu was 0.32 and 0.16. Health risk assessments carried out based on bioaccessible iAs concentrations showed that the food items were safe for consumption from the iAs perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- College of Environment Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhan-Biao Yang
- College of Environment Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Xun Xu
- College of Environment Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhang Cheng
- College of Environment Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Capparelli MV, Ponce-Vélez G, Dzul-Caamal R, Rodriguez-Cab EM, Cabrera M, Lucas-Solis O, Moulatlet GM. Multi-level responses of oysters Crassostrea virginica for assessing organochlorine pesticides in a Ramsar coastal lagoon in southern Mexico. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 320:138064. [PMID: 36754301 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been intensively used without proper regulation and control in Latin America due to the prevalence of diseases and pests, thus posing potential risks to nontarget organisms. Initiatives for ecosystem preservation, such as to designate protected areas, may not be enough to avoid contamination by OCPs, considering that protected areas tend to be permeable to diffuse sources. Here, we investigate multi-level responses of the oyster Crassostrea virginica to OCPs in Laguna de Términos, a RAMSAR coastal lagoon in the southern Gulf of Mexico. For this aim, OCPs occurrence and concentrations in the water, sediment, and in oysters from 3 settlement banks were assessed. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic biochemical biomarkers were quantified in the oysters' mantle and digestive gland, and the human health risk due to oyster consumption was also evaluated. OCPs in water were below detection limits. Fourteen OCPs were detected in sediments (∑OCPs mean of 49 ngg-1) and 7 in oyster tissues (∑OCPs mean of 121 ngg-1). The occurrence of OCPs was related to the land uses along the watersheds of the rivers that drain into the lagoon. Biochemical responses were correlated with OCPs (∑HCH, ∑DDT, heptachlor and endosulfan) in sediment, and oyster tissues. OCPs in oyster tissues showed a strong association with pro-oxidant forces and oxidative stress responses (Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, and lipid peroxidation), and neurotoxicity (Acetylcholinesterase), suggesting that the current OCPs contamination exerts significant stress. Our study also shows that the consumption of oysters from the lagoon increases the potential human health risk. Considering that Laguna de Términos is a protected Ramsar site, we suggest that environmental protection measures should be increased and that a monitoring program for OCPs exposure is necessary to assess the effects on this ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana V Capparelli
- Estación El Carmen, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Carmen-Puerto Real km 9.5, C. P 24157, Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Ponce-Vélez
- Laboratorio de Contaminación Marina, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, UNAM. Circuito Exterior s/n, Cd. Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Dzul-Caamal
- Instituto de Ecología, Pesquería y Oceanografía del Golfo de México (EPOMEX), Campus VI, Av. Héroe de Nacozari 480, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, 24070, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Erick M Rodriguez-Cab
- Instituto de Ecología, Pesquería y Oceanografía del Golfo de México (EPOMEX), Campus VI, Av. Héroe de Nacozari 480, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, 24070, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Marcela Cabrera
- Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia Del Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Ecuador; University of Valencia, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Oscar Lucas-Solis
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 7, Vía Muyuna, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Gabriel M Moulatlet
- Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
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Lai Y, Chi K, Zhou W, Hsu Y, Weng Y. Detection of organochlorine pesticides in estuarine sediments of protected wetlands in Taiwan using high‐resolution gas chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry and gas chromatography‐electron capture detector. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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8
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Li Q, Xiao P, Shen D, Huang Y, Shi X, Li X, Liu Y. Level and risk assessment of selected polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and organochlorine pesticides in walnut and soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:14849-14859. [PMID: 36161556 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is unknown how hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) are distributed and how they affect the environment in high-fat nuts and their planted soil. The profile of HOCs in walnut/soil system was investigated in this study. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were found in walnuts at concentrations of 0.67, 127, and 116 μg/kg, respectively. The target hazard quotients (THQ) of 17 PCBs, 16 PAHs, and 21 OCPs from walnut consumption by human were 0.06, 0.01, and 0.11, respectively. The highest concentrations of HOC in the soil were found in Nap and toxaphene, with concentrations of 2580 and 902 μg/kg, respectively. Bioaccumulation factors (BAF) and biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAF) in walnuts were ranged from <0.01 to 7.04 and <0.01 to 3.83, respectively. Concentrations of most individual HOCs in soil samples were significantly correlated with soil organic matter (SOM) (p < 0.01) and minerals (p < 0.01), with maximum correlation coefficients of 0.70 (OM-PCB81) and -0.84 (P-BaP). According to this study, high-fat walnuts do not have a high bioaccumulation of HOCs from soil, and the risk of consumption is within the safe range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Li
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, 311400, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Xiao
- JiYang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, 311800, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyu Shen
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, 311400, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunmei Huang
- JiYang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, 311800, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Shi
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, 311400, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianbin Li
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100125, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihua Liu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, 311400, People's Republic of China.
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Sana S, Qadir A, Evans NP, Mumtaz M, Javaid A, Khan A, Kashif SUR, Rehman HU, Hashmi MZ. Human health risk surveillance of polychlorinated biphenyls in bovine milk from alluvial plain of Punjab, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:12965-12978. [PMID: 36121631 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22942-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Punjab is the leading province of Pakistan in the production of bovine milk and its consumption. Rapid industrialization, high energy demand, and the production of waste have increased the risk of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) toxicity in the environment. This research work was designed to assess human dietary exposure of ∑PCBs17 congeners through ingestion of buffalo and cow's milk from eight main districts of Punjab, Pakistan. The average concentrations of ∑DL-PCBs (8.74 ng g-1 and 14.60 ng g-1) and ∑I-PCBs (11.54 ng g-1 and 18.68 ng g-1) in buffalo and cow milk samples were analyzed, respectively. The PCB-156 was predominantly high congener found in both buffalo (2.84 ng g-1) and cow milk (2.86 ng g-1). It was found that the highest PCBs in bovine milk samples were observed in close vicinities of urban and industrial areas. The estimated daily consumptions of DL-PCBs and I-PCBs, from buffalo and cow milk, were below the acceptable daily intake for both adults and children. Moreover, hazard quotients (HQ) of the ∑PCBs17 congener value were less than 1.0 in adults and greater in the case of children reflecting the high chances of cancer. Furthermore, comprehensive monitoring for childhood cancer is recommended to establish the relationship in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Sana
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qadir
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Neil P Evans
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Mehvish Mumtaz
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ambreena Javaid
- Department of Geography, Kinnaird College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Khan
- Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saif-Ur-Rehman Kashif
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Habib Ur Rehman
- Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Wang X, Hu L, Wang C, He B, Fu Z, Jin C, Jin Y. Cross-generational effects of maternal exposure to imazalil on anaerobic components and carnitine absorption associated with OCTN2 expression in mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136542. [PMID: 36150497 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Imazalil (IMZ) is a fungicide recommended by the Chinese ministry of agriculture. However, recent study was observed high level of IMZ by dietary exposure in pregnant women. To determine the cross-generational effects, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to IMZ at dietary levels of 0, 0.025‰, and 0.25‰ during the gestation and lactation periods. Then, we assessed the changes in growth phenotypes, carnitine levels, and gut microbiota in F0, F1 or F2 generations. The growth phenotypes of dams didn't observe significant difference, but there were significant changes in the offspring. Plasma samples revealed low levels of free carnitine (C0), long-chain acyl-carnitines and total carnitine. In particular, C0 may be regarded as relatively potential, specific markers by maternal IMZ exposure. Caco2 cell culture and animal experiment confirmed IMZ affected carnitine absorption through the organic cation transporter type-2 (OCTN2) protein encoded by solute carrier family 22A member 5 (SLC22A5) gene in colon. Maternal IMZ exposure also had a greater effect on gut microbiota in offspring, especially anaerobic bacteria, which positively correlated with C0 and acyl-carnitines. These results suggested that maternal IMZ exposure affected carnitine absorption through OCTN2 protein, which led to the decline of anaerobic bacteria and unbalanced intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Lingyu Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Bingnan He
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Cuiyuan Jin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
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Kou J, Li X, Zhang M, Wang L, Hu L, Liu X, Mei S, Xu G. Accumulative levels, temporal and spatial distribution of common chemical pollutants in the blood of Chinese adults. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119980. [PMID: 35985432 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
China has been in a rapid development period in recent decades, the mass production and use of chemical industrial products and pesticides have resulted in a large amount of pollutants in the environment. These pollutants enter the human body through environmental exposure and dietary intake, causing adverse health effects. Although many of them have been banned and restricted in the production and use in China, these pollutants still remain in the human body due to their high persistence and strong bioaccumulation. In this review, we aim to reveal the accumulation levels and profiles, as well as the temporal and spatial distribution of common chemical pollutants including chlorinated paraffins (CPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers, organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), new halogenated flame retardants (NHFRs), polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalic acid esters, perfluorinated compounds, bisphenols, organophosphorus pesticides and pyrethroid insecticides in the blood (including whole blood, serum and plasma) of Chinese adults by extracting 93 related studies published from 1990 to 2021. Results have shown that CPs, OCPs and PAHs were the main pollutants in China, the levels of short-chain chlorinated paraffin, p,p'-DDE and phenanthrene in blood even reached 11,060.58, 740.41 and 498.28 ng/g lipid respectively. Under the strict control of pollutants in China, the levels of most pollutants have been on a downward trend except for perfluoro octanoate and perfluoro nonanoate. Besides, OPFRs, NHFRs and PAHs may have a potential upward trend, requiring further research and observation. As for spatial distribution, East China (Bohai Bay and Yangtze River Delta) and South China (Pearl River Delta) were the major polluted regions due to their fast development of industry and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Mingye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Limei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Liqin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, China
| | - Surong Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, China
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12
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Wang N, Cui Z, Wang Y, Zhang J. Characteristics and Residual Health Risk of Organochlorine Pesticides in Fresh Vegetables in the Suburb of Changchun, Northeast China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12547. [PMID: 36231851 PMCID: PMC9566688 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, eleven organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in fresh vegetables in the Changchun suburb were investigated, and their potential health risks were evaluated. The average concentrations of OCPs in edible parts of vegetables were found in the following descending order: Σhexachlorocyclohexanes (ΣHCHs) (6.60 µg·kg-1) > Σdichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (ΣDDTs) (5.82 µg·kg-1) > ΣChlordanes (2.37 µg·kg-1) > heptachlor (0.29 µg·kg-1). Moreover, OCPs in different types of vegetables exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs), and the exceeding rates in various vegetables decreased in the following order: leafy vegetables (19.12%) > root vegetables (18.75%) > fruit vegetables (3.85%). The proportions of OCPs exceeding MRL in different vegetables were found in the following descending order: Welsh onion (22.50%) > radish (18.75%) > Chinese cabbage (14.29%) > pepper (6.90%) > cucumber (3.23%) > eggplant (2.94%) > tomato (2.78%). The sources' identification results showed that DDTs in vegetables came mainly from newly imported technical DDTs and dicofol, while HCHs originated mainly from lindane. For both adults and children, the average target hazard quotients (avg. THQ) were all less than 1, and the average hazard index (avg. HI) values were 0.043 and 0.036, respectively. There were no significant health risks associated with OCP exposure for the inhabitants of the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Zhengwu Cui
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Zhang Y, Li J, Su G. Comprehensively screening of citric acid ester (CAE) plasticizers in Chinese foodstuffs, and the food-based assessment of human exposure risk of CAEs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:152933. [PMID: 35007585 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies on the toxicities of citric acid esters (CAEs)-a class of so-called "safe" alternative plasticizers-have highlighted the urgent need to understand their contamination profiles in foodstuffs and the corresponding potential risks to human health. This study determined the concentrations of 8 target CAEs in 105 foodstuff samples, grouped into 6 food categories, collected from Nanjing City, China, in 2020. All eight CAEs were detected in at least one of the analyzed samples and had detection frequencies (DFs) of 5-47%. The DFs and distribution profiles of the target CAEs varied among different food categories; for example, cereals had the highest DF (92%), while meat/fish contained the highest mean total concentration of CAEs (8.35 ng/g wet weight (ww)). Among the target CAEs, acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) had the highest DF (47%), and tributyl citrate (TBC) exhibited the highest mean concentration (1.24 ng/g ww). Based on the food ingestion route, the estimated total daily intake (EDI) values of the target CAEs for adults under average- and high-exposure scenarios were 38.3 ng/kg of body weight (bw) and 111 ng/kg bw, respectively, which were attributed to the high percentage contributions of TBC (50.6%) and ATBC (23.7%). In addition, a suspect and characteristic fragment-dependent screening strategy was applied to the foodstuff data, and a novel CAE, monoethyl citrate (MEC, CAS: 4552-00-5), with a DF of 34% was tentatively identified. Overall, this study provides novel and comprehensive information regarding the pollution status of CAEs in foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Guanyong Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
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Hoque MS, Tamanna F, Hasan MM, Al Banna MH, Mondal P, Prodhan MDH, Rahman MZ, van Brakel ML. Probabilistic public health risks associated with pesticides and heavy metal exposure through consumption of common dried fish in coastal regions of Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:20112-20127. [PMID: 34727308 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The chemical contaminants in dried fish are of great food safety concern and an emerging public health issue in Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to assess the public health risk associated with exposure to pesticides (organochlorine and organophosphorus) and heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium, arsenic) through the consumption of dried fish (Bombay duck, ribbon fish, silver jewfish, shrimp, Chinese promfret) in coastal districts (Cox's Bazar, Chittagong, Bhola, Patuakhali, Khulna) of Bangladesh. Dried fish consumption data were collected from 500 adult respondents (100 from each district) using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Pesticide residues were determined using QuEChERS extraction coupled to gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and heavy metals were estimated using an atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. The results revealed that the frequency and amount of dried fish consumption was highest for Bombay duck in Cox's Bazar (11.57 g/capita/day) and ribbon fish (12.10 g/capita/day) in Chittagong. The estimated daily intake (EDI, 7.40 × 10-5 to 1.10 × 10-4 mg/kg/day) and health risk index (HRI, 0.013 to 0.16) values expressed no health risk from pesticide residues in all the positive samples. For heavy metals, target hazard quotients (THQ) for non-carcinogenic health risk were below 1 (0.001-0.154), indicating no health risk for all samples. However, carcinogenic risk R value indicated a potential health risk for chromium (2.64 × 10-6 to 4.06 × 10-6), and carcinogenic RT value (2.82 × 10-6 to 5.71 × 10-6) indicated a potential health risk for all the metals. It is concluded that the risk of exposure to pesticides through the consumption of dried fish is low, while heavy metals pose moderate-to-high health risks to dried fish consumers in the study area. Thus, the study suggests an appropriate risk management policy that controls pesticides and heavy metals in dried fish to ensure safe food for local and global consumers, underpinned by a producers' capacity building and consumers' awareness raising strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sazedul Hoque
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh.
| | - Fatema Tamanna
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hasan Al Banna
- Department of Food Microbiology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Pronoy Mondal
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Dalower Hossain Prodhan
- Pesticide Analytical Laboratory, Division of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zillur Rahman
- Office of the Quality Assurance Manager, Department of Fisheries, Fish Inspections and Quality Control Laboratory, 9000, Khulna, Bangladesh
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15
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Ma J, Yu Z, Liu S, Chen Y, Lv Y, Liu Y, Lin C, Ye X, Shi Y, Liu M, Tian J. Efficient extraction of trace organochlorine pesticides from environmental samples by a polyacrylonitrile electrospun nanofiber membrane modified with covalent organic framework. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127455. [PMID: 34653862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Detecting and analyzing of the trace organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the real water has become a big challenge. In this work, a novel functional electrospun nanofiber membrane (PAN@COFs) was synthesized through the in situ growth of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) on a polyacrylonitrile electrospun nanofiber membranes under room temperature and used in the solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) to enrich trace organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in water. The resulted PAN@COFs composite consisted of numerous nanofibers coated ample porous COFs spheres (~ 500 nm) and owned stable crystal structure, abundant functional groups, good stability. In addition, the enrichment experiments clearly revealed that PAN@COFs exhibited rather outstanding performance on adsorbing the trace OCPs (as low as 10 ng L-1) with the enrichment of 482-2686 times. Besides, PAN@COFs displayed good reusability and could be reused 100 times. Notably, in the real water samples (sea water and river water), the high enrichment factors and recovery rates strongly confirmed the feasibility of PAN@COFs for detecting the trace OCPs. Furthermore, due to the synergy of π-π stacking interaction and hydrophobic interaction between the OCPs molecules and PAN@COFs, the OCPs could be efficiently adsorbed on PAN@COFs, even under the extremely low driving force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Ma
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Zhendong Yu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Shuting Liu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Yicong Chen
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Yuancai Lv
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; Indoor Environment Engineering Research Center of Fujian Province, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China.
| | - Yifan Liu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Chunxiang Lin
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Ye
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Yongqian Shi
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Minghua Liu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Jingyang Tian
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Devices, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China.
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16
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Kang Y, Zhang R, Yu K, Han M, Wang Y, Huang X, Wang R, Liu F. First report of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in coral tissues and the surrounding air-seawater system from the South China Sea: Distribution, source, and environmental fate. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131711. [PMID: 34340115 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The levels, fate, and potential sources of 22 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in coral tissues and the surrounding air-seawater system from the South China Sea (SCS) were elucidated for the first time. ∑22OCPs (total concentration of 22 OCPs) (16.1-223 pg L-1) was relatively higher in coastal seawater than in offshore seawater, which may be the widespread influence of coastal pollution inputs under the western boundary current. The atmospheric ∑22OCPs were predominantly distributed in the gas phase (48.0-2264 pg m-3) and were mainly influenced by continental air mass origins. The air-seawater exchange of selected OCPs showed that OCPs tended to migrate from the atmosphere to seawater. The distribution of ∑22OCPs in coral tissues (0.02-52.2 ng g-1 dw) was significantly correlated with that in air samples, suggesting that OCPs may have a migration pattern of atmosphere-ocean corals in the SCS. Corals exhibited higher bioaccumulation ability (Log BAFs: 2.42-7.41) for OCPs. Source analysis showed that the new application of technical Chlordanes (CHLs) was primarily responsible for the current levels of CHLs in the surrounding environment over the SCS, while historical residues were the primary sources of other OCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Kang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China.
| | - Kefu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China.
| | - Minwei Han
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xueyong Huang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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Fan X, Wang Z, Li Y, Wang H, Fan W, Dong Z. Estimating the dietary exposure and risk of persistent organic pollutants in China: A national analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117764. [PMID: 34280741 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Substantial heterogeneities have been found in previous estimations of the risk from dietary exposures to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in China, mainly due to spatiotemporal variations. To comprehensively evaluate the dietary risks of POPs listed in the Stockholm Convention, more than 27,580 data records from 753 reports published over the last three decades were examined. Respectively, for various food categories, the results obtained for the range of mean concentrations of POPs are as follows: total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs: 1.4-27.1 μg/kg), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs: 1.8-29.3 μg/kg), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs: 0.046-2.82 μg/kg), polychorinated biphenyls (PCBs: 0.05-7.57 μg/kg), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD&Fs: 2.9-210 pg toxic equivalent (TEQ)/kg), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA: 0.02-0.97 μg/kg), perfluoroctane sulfonate (PFOS: 0.00082-2.76 μg/kg) and short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs: 64-348.92 μg/kg). Temporal decreasing trends were observed for DDTs, HCHs, PBDEs, PCDD&Fs, and PFOA, with no significant change for other POPs. Meanwhile, the estimated daily intake for adults were 75.2 ± 43.6 ng/kg/day for DDTs, 123 ± 87 ng/kg/day for HCHs, 0.37 ± 0.17 pg TEQ/kg/day for PCDD&Fs, 17.8 ± 9.5 ng/kg/day for PCBs, 3.3 ± 1.8 ng/kg/day for PBDEs, 3.6 ± 1.9 ng/kg/day for PFOA, 3.3 ± 2.0 ng/kg/day for PFOS, and 2.5 ± 1.6 μg/kg/day for SCCPs. Furthermore, non-carcinogenic risks were the highest for PCBs (0.89) and PCDD&Fs (0.53), followed by PFOA (0.18), PFOS (0.17), HCHs (0.062), SCCPs (0.025), DDTs (0.0075), and PBDEs (0.00047). These findings illustrated that exposure to POPs declined due to the control policies implemented in China, while the cumulative risk of POPs was still higher than 1, indicating continuous efforts are required to mitigate associated contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiarui Fan
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wenhong Fan
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhaomin Dong
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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18
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Burgos-Aceves MA, Migliaccio V, Di Gregorio I, Paolella G, Lepretti M, Faggio C, Lionetti L. 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethane (DDT) and 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis (p, p'-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE) as endocrine disruptors in human and wildlife: A possible implication of mitochondria. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:103684. [PMID: 34052433 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethane (DDT) and its main metabolite 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis (p, p'-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE) act as endocrine disruptors in humans and wildlife. Immunomodulatory functions have also been attributed to both xenobiotics. DDT was banned in the 1970s due to its toxicity, but it is still produced and used for indoor residual spraying with disease vector control purposes. Due to their persistence and lipophilic properties, DDT and DDE can bioaccumulate through the food chain, being stored in organisms' adipose depots. Their endocrine disruptor function is mediated by agonist or antagonist interaction with nuclear receptors. Present review aimed to provide an overview of how DDT and DDE exposure impacts reproductive and immune systems with estrogen-disrupting action in humans and wildlife. Studies showing DDT and DDE impact on mitochondrial function and apoptosis pathway will also be reviewed, suggesting the hypothesis of direct action on mitochondrial steroid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alberto Burgos-Aceves
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Migliaccio
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Gregorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Gaetana Paolella
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Marilena Lepretti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Lillà Lionetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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19
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Adewole E, Ojo A, Oludoro O, Ogunmodede OT, Awonyemi OI. Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticide Residue in Phaseolus vulgaris Purchased in Igbara-oke, Ondo State, Nigeria. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:357-365. [PMID: 34486321 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.357.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Preservation of agricultural products remains a hallmark of all farmers as a result, both pesticides and herbicides are being applied during planting and after harvesting with the sole aim of maximizing profits. Research had shown the various degree of toxicity of organochlorine pesticides residues, the objective of the research was to identify the organochlorine pesticide residues, analyze their risk assessment vis-a-vis, Hazard Index (HI), Estimate Dietary Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and compare the results with Acceptable Dietary Intake (ADI), Reference dose standard (Rfd) and Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) and characterized the identified organochlorine pesticides residue for their toxicological properties. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> were purchased in a local market in Igbara -Oke, Ondo state Nigeria, the sample was powdered using a grinder (Sumeet CM/L 2128945) and solid phase extraction techniques were employed, the extract was subjected to fractionation into two fractions of aliphatic hydrocarbons and the pesticides. The pesticide extract was subjected to characterization using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer. <b>Results:</b> Total 4 organochlorine pesticide residues were identified and the contaminant rates (mg kg<sup>1</sup>) were less than 1. Furthermore, EDI values were lower than the ADI, MRL, also, the THQ values were less than 1, an indication that the <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> was safe for consumption. <b>Conclusion:</b> The research had shown no toxicity of the <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> purchased from the local market and it shows compliance by the local farmers on the application of pesticides to the food crop by obeying the recommended dose.
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Qayyum S, Taj T, Tauseef M, Ishtiaq M, Rafique N, Ahad K, Mirza MA, Choudhary MA, Mehboob F. Determination of pesticide residues in dates using UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS: method development and validation. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:613. [PMID: 34468880 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A modified, efficient, and sensitive acetate-buffered QuEChERS extraction method was developed for the quantitative study of 16 commonly applied multiclass pesticides on date palm fruit. The date palm fruit samples were rehydrated by adding water during comminution. Samples were extracted with acidified acetonitrile, buffered with acetate salt. To minimize the matrix interferences, clean-up of the rehydrated samples was optimized by comparison with different sorbents (alumina, silica gel, florisil, primary secondary amine (PSA), and chitosan). The method validation parameters were evaluated as per European Union (EU) guidelines (SANTE/12682/2019). For 16 pesticides, % recovery of 69 to 121.8% with an associated precision (RSD ≤ 20%) was achieved at the fortification levels that were 0.5 to 2 times of European Union maximum residue limits (EU-MRLs). The validated method was successfully employed for the analysis of date palm fruit samples (n = 20) collected from various markets. Forty percent (40%) of samples (n = 8) were found to be contaminated with various pesticides. The most frequently detected residues were carbofuran, carbaryl, metalaxyl, tebuconazole, triazophos, and pyriproxyfen. The concentration of all the detected pesticides in real samples was below the EU-MRLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somia Qayyum
- Ecotoxicology Research Program (ERP), National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, 10250, AJ&K, Pakistan
| | - Touqeer Taj
- Ecotoxicology Research Program (ERP), National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tauseef
- Ecotoxicology Research Program (ERP), National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishtiaq
- Ecotoxicology Research Program (ERP), National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Rafique
- Ecotoxicology Research Program (ERP), National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Karam Ahad
- Ecotoxicology Research Program (ERP), National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam Mirza
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, 10250, AJ&K, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aziz Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, 10250, AJ&K, Pakistan
| | - Farrakh Mehboob
- Ecotoxicology Research Program (ERP), National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
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Sana S, Qadir A, Mumtaz M, Evans NP, Ahmad SR. Spatial trends and human health risks of organochlorinated pesticides from bovine milk; a case study from a developing country, Pakistan. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130110. [PMID: 33725621 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bovine milk is a nutritious food commodity extensively produced and consumed in Punjab, Pakistan. This study assesses the concentration profile of organochlorine pesticides (OCP; 18 compounds) in buffaloes and cow's milk in eight major districts of Punjab, Pakistan and the potential impacts of such exposure. The total OCPs in buffaloes and cow's milk samples ranged from 3.93 to 27.63 ng mL-1 and 14.64-77.93 ng mL-1 respectively. The overall pattern of mean OCPs concentration in buffaloes and cows milk showed that Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) are predominant followed by Heptachlors and Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs). So far, the concentration profile depicted that ∑HCHs, ∑DDTs and ∑Heptachlors did not exceed the maximum residual limits set for buffaloes and cow's milk. The spatial trends in terms of cluster analysis depicted significant variation (p > 0.05) among the districts in one cluster probably owing to local conditions. Furthermore, recently used DDTs were also identified at some of the selected districts. The risk assessment suggests that the estimated daily intake for each OCP was in accordance with the acceptable daily intake, thus single compound exposure does not pose a significant carcinogenic risk. However, the hazard ratios indicated that the values for ∑DDTs posed risk in adults consuming cow's milk whereas children may face carcinogenic risk on the consumption of both buffalo and cow's milk. The risk may be altered where mixture is considered, furthermore, regarding carcinogenic risks a continuous monitoring based ecological analysis is recommended in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Sana
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qadir
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Mehvish Mumtaz
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Neil P Evans
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Sajid Rashid Ahmad
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Windus JL, Burrows TL, Duncanson K, Collins CE, Rollo ME. Scoping review of nutrition intervention and dietary assessment studies in Khmer populations living in Cambodia. J Hum Nutr Diet 2021; 34:953-968. [PMID: 34231266 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This scoping review aims to describe the body of nutrition intervention and dietary assessment research undertaken with Khmer populations in Cambodia, as well as summarise the nutrition knowledge base and highlight priority areas for future research. METHODS Five databases and the grey literature were searched, following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Studies involving dietary assessment or nutrition interventions published after 1992 were identified using specific search terms and extracted to a customised data extraction table for categorisation and analysis. Study participants were Khmer people of any age and gender, living in rural or urban Cambodia. RESULTS Of the 100 included studies, 58 were dietary assessment only studies, 24 were nutrition interventions only, and 18 studies involved both assessment of intake and an intervention. Sixty-eight percent of study populations were mothers and young children, of which 52 studies focused on children aged under 5 years. Nineteen interventions involved supplementation and six trialled fortification of rice or fish sauce. Anaemia was the most common nutrition condition studied (n = 17), followed by malnutrition (n = 15) and malnutrition risk factors (n = 11). General nutrition status was explored in 25 studies, and individual micronutrients that were studied included iron (n = 27), zinc (n = 6), vitamin A (n = 4) and thiamine (n = 3). CONCLUSIONS Diet-related research in Khmer populations in Cambodia has predominantly focused on dietary assessment or evaluation of interventions aimed at reducing malnutrition and resolving micronutrient deficiencies. Areas identified as emerging needs included non-communicable diseases, the ageing population and non-iron deficiency anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle L Windus
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Tracy L Burrows
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Kerith Duncanson
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Megan E Rollo
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Aslam I, Mumtaz M, Qadir A, Jamil N, Baqar M, Mahmood A, Ahmad SR, Zhang G. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in air-conditioner filter dust of indoor urban setting: Implication for health risk in a developing country. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:807-817. [PMID: 33247439 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This preliminary investigation highlights the occurrence of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the indoor environment of a megacity, Lahore, Pakistan using the dust ensnared by air-conditioner filters. The Σ16 OCPs concentration ranged from 7.53 to 1272.87 ng/g with the highest percent contribution by ΣDDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; 87.21%) and aldrin (6.58%). The spatial variation of OCPs profile revealed relatively higher concentration from homes near to agricultural and abandoned DDT manufacturing sites. Calculated isomer ratios revealed historic sources of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and the fresh input of technical DDT and chlordane by the dwellers. The air conditioner dust was helpful to better understand the health risk in the indoor environment. So far a high lifetime cancer risk (10-3 ) was predicted for toddlers via accidental ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure. Similarly, the non-carcinogenic risk-based hazard quotient was found to be high for toddlers (6.94) and within the permissible limit (<1) for adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Aslam
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mehvish Mumtaz
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qadir
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Jamil
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mujtaba Baqar
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College for Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Rashid Ahmad
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Odewale GO, Sosan MB, Oyekunle JAO, Adeleye AO. Human health risk assessment of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables in Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-12747-7. [PMID: 33638082 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The residues of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in forty-eight (48) composite fruit and vegetable samples (carrot, cucumber, tomato, and watermelon) were qualitatively and quantitatively determined using gas chromatography equipped with electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Safety indices such as the estimated average daily intake (EADI), cancer benchmark concentration (CBC), hazard quotient (HQ) and index (HI), and hazard ratio (HR) were also estimated. Results showed the predominance of HCH and its isomers in the fruits and vegetables as compared with the DDTs. The most predominant HCHs in all the fruits was α-HCH with mean concentrations of 2.704 ± 2.488 mg kg-1 (carrot), 1.536 ± 1.036 mg kg-1 (cucumber), 6.814 ± 2.967 mg kg-1 (tomato), and 9.241 ± 2.735 mg kg-1 (watermelon). The analysis showed that the levels of pesticide residues detected in 25 to 100% of the fruit and vegetable samples were above the UK/European Commission Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs). The non-carcinogenic health risk estimates showed that only α-HCH in tomatoes and watermelon had HQ > 1 which indicates the possibility of systemic health risk in children consumers. The carcinogenic health risk showed that only α-HCH and γ-HCH in children and α-HCH in adults had HR > 1 for tomato and watermelon which implies the possibility of carcinogenic health risk from its consumption. It is therefore paramount to institute a policy and regulatory framework for regular monitoring of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables in Nigeria in order to ensure food safety for consumers and protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Oluwasogo Odewale
- Department of Crop Production and Protection, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 220005, Nigeria.
| | - Mosudi Babatunde Sosan
- Department of Crop Production and Protection, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 220005, Nigeria
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Alam MM, Haque MM. Presence of antibacterial substances, nitrofuran metabolites and other chemicals in farmed pangasius and tilapia in Bangladesh: Probabilistic health risk assessment. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:248-257. [PMID: 33552923 PMCID: PMC7844123 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ANCs in pangasius and tilapia, fish feed, pond sediments and water were analysed comprehensively. Residual ANCs except heavy metals were not found in farmed pangasius and tilapia flesh. Residual toxic heavy metals lead and chromium in fish were above the permissible limit. Heavy metals sourced primarily from fish feed with secondary sources such as groundwater. Lead and chromium concentrations in fish flesh pose potential carcinogenic risks to human health.
Intensive feeding and the use of drugs and other chemicals for enhancing yield characterised commercial pangasius and tilapia aquaculture in Bangladesh. The residual presence of prohibited antibacterial substances, nitrofuran metabolites and other chemicals (ANCs) in fish, and their effect on public health are a concern for consumers. This study collected samples from 15 pangasius and 15 tilapia ponds to assess the contamination of ANCs, including pesticides, dyes and heavy metals in fish flesh, and heavy metals in feed, sediments and water. Antibacterial substances, nitrofuran metabolites and dyes in fish flesh were detected using LC–MS/MS. Organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals were detected applying GC–MS and AAS, respectively. We found very low residue of the most ANCs in pangasius and tilapia flesh, however, both species contained heavy metals, particularly lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr). The level of metal contamination was affected by the age of the pond; the highest concentration of Pb was in pangasius from old ponds (> 10 years), and the highest concentration of Cr was found in pangasius from new ponds (< 10 years), and tilapia from old ponds. The feed sampled in this study, particularly the commercial pellet and farm-made feed, were highly contaminated with heavy metals. Pond water and sediments were contaminated by heavy metals; fish, water and sediment samples from older ponds had higher concentrations of heavy metals. The concentration of these heavy metals in fish flesh above regulatory limits poses potential risks to human health. To ensure the production of safe fish for human consumption, commercial aquaculture in Bangladesh requires a functional regulatory framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mehedi Alam
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.,Department of Fishery Resources Conservation and Management, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, Bangladesh
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Jin C, Yuan X, Wang C, Fu Z, Jin Y. Maternal exposure to imazalil disrupts intestinal barrier and bile acids enterohepatic circulation tightly related IL-22 expression in F 0, F 1 and F 2 generations of mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123668. [PMID: 32814239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence linking maternal exposure of environmental pollutants to intestinal and metabolic diseases that can be conserved across multiple generations. Here, female C57BL/6 mice were treated imazalil (IMZ) at dietary levels of 0, 0.025‰ and 0.25‰ during the gestation and lactation periods. The results demonstrated that IMZ treatment not only induced significant changes in the mucus secretion and ionic transport, but also disrupted the expression of antimicrobial peptides in the intestine of F0, F1 and F2 generations. In addition, IMZ exposure altered BAs metabolism and the affected the expression levels of critical genes involved in BAs synthesis, signaling, transportation and apical uptake. The immune cell-produced cytokines were displaying extraordinary changes after IMZ exposure. In particular, whether it was in F0, F1-20d, F1-7 w or F2-20d, the expression of IL-22 had the trend of markedly increasing upon IMZ exposure. Correlation analyses revealed that the expression of IL-22 was positively correlated with the change of BAs metabolites. Together, all these results indicated that IMZ exposure was perceived as a major stress by the intestinal epithelium that strongly affected the intestinal barrier function (including mucus, CFTR, AMPs, inflammation), largely in response to an alteration of BAs metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyuan Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xianling Yuan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Sulaiman M, Maigari A, Ihedioha J, Lawal R, Gimba A, Shuaibu A. Levels and health risk assessment of organochlorine pesticide residues in vegetables from Yamaltu area in Gombe, Nigeria. FRENCH-UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.17721/fujcv9i1p19-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study determined the levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residues and assesses health risks linked with the consumption of vegetables cultivated in the Yamaltu area in Gombe, Nigeria. OCPs residues were solvent extracted and analyzed with a high performance liquid chromatography equipped with UV/VIS Detector. The mean concentrations of ten detected OCPs residues were almost all above the set limit of EU/WHOMRL. The estimated daily intake of OCPs from samples was below the acceptable daily intake, hazard index estimated were <1, indicated no probable non-carcinogenic health effect, while the carcinogenic health effect showed that children were more vulnerable for the consumption of the contaminated vegetables.
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Nawab J, Wang X, Khan S, Tang YT, Rahman Z, Ali A, Dotel J, Li G. New insights into the bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in remote alpine lakes located in Himalayas, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020:114952. [PMID: 32933786 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study assesses the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in water and their bioaccumulation in Brown Trout (BT) and Rainbow Trout (RT) present in the remote alpine lakes (RALs) of Himalayas, Pakistan. Hence, these environments might receive POPs by long range atmospheric transport (LRAT) with little interferences from local anthropogenic activities. The potential transportation pathways for such accumulation can be atmospheric precipitation, melting ice and glacial runoff. The results indicated that the sum of mean concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs (DDTs + HCHs)) in water of Glacial-fed lakes, Ice melting-fed lake and Rain-fed lake ranged from 0.21 to 317, 0.14-293, 0.16-235 pg L-1, respectively, while those of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are 0.275-16.02, 0-15.88, 0.234-14.46 pg L-1, respectively. Similarly, the sum of mean concentrations of all investigated PCBs and OCPs in BT ranged from 0.008 to 0.715 ng g-1 and 0.003-3.835 ng g-1 based on wet weight (ww), while for RT these concentrations were 0.002-0.557 ng g-1 and 0.001-1.402 ng g-1 (ww), respectively in the selected RALs. The PCBs and OCPs levels in both water and fish tissues were observed in order of Glacial-fed lakes > Ice melting-fed lake > Rain-fed lake. The results proposed that melting of ice and glacial water are more significant sources of the contaminants (PCBs and OCPs) in the freshwaters of RALs of Himalayas as compared to rainfall water. The positive correlation between water contamination and the selected fish species confirmed that these can be used as a bio-indicator for future research studies. However, the impact of POPs as they cascade through downstream ecosystems remains largely unexplored. The additional study of contaminant dynamics should be extended to a wide range of mountain environments of Himalayas, where melt-water used for drinking and irrigation purposes by billions of people reside alone the waterways that originated from these remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Nawab
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Department of Environmental Sciences Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Yu-Ting Tang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Research Group of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Ziaur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Abid Ali
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Jagdish Dotel
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Gang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observatory and Monitoring Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315830, China
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Kartalović B, Mastanjević K, Novakov N, Vranešević J, Ljubojević Pelić D, Puljić L, Habschied K. Organochlorine Pesticides and PCBs in Traditionally and Industrially Smoked Pork Meat Products from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Foods 2020; 9:E97. [PMID: 31963424 PMCID: PMC7022388 DOI: 10.3390/foods9010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs): (hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH, β-HCH, δ-HCH), lindane, aldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, endosulfane I, endosulfane II, endosulfane sulfate, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dieldrin, endrin, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), methoxychlor and endrin ketone and 6 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (PCB 28, PCB 52, PCB 101, PCB 153, PCB 138 and PCB 180). The samples were taken from pancetta, dry pork neck (budiola), pork tenderloin and sausages produced in Rakitno (Bosnia and Herzegovina), smoked in both a traditional smokehouse and in an industrial chamber. Instrumental analysis was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The reliability of the results, i.e., quality control is ensured by standard laboratory practice, which involves participation in proficiency test, the use of blank samples, reference materials and implementation of recommendations given by the relevant international organizations. The concentrations of α-HCH, lindane, PCB 28, PCB 52 and PCB 153 were detected and quantified. The concentrations of OCPs and PCBs did not significantly vary depending on product type and the conditions of production. All the examined samples were for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brankica Kartalović
- Scientific Veterinary Institute Novi Sad, Rumenački put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.K.); (J.V.); (D.L.P.)
| | - Krešimir Mastanjević
- Faculty of Food technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Nikolina Novakov
- Faculty of Agriculture Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Jelena Vranešević
- Scientific Veterinary Institute Novi Sad, Rumenački put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.K.); (J.V.); (D.L.P.)
| | - Dragana Ljubojević Pelić
- Scientific Veterinary Institute Novi Sad, Rumenački put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.K.); (J.V.); (D.L.P.)
| | - Leona Puljić
- The Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology (APTF) of the University of Mostar, Biskupa Čule bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Kristina Habschied
- Faculty of Food technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
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Tian M, Zhao B, Martin FL, Morais CLM, Liu L, Huang Q, Zhang J, Shen H. Gene-environment interactions between GSTs polymorphisms and targeted epigenetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma following organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) exposure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105313. [PMID: 31731000 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental pollutant organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and the role of tumour suppressor GSTs gene polymorphisms as well as epigenetic alterations have all been well reported in hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the interplay between environmental risk factors and polymorphic tumour suppressor genes or epigenetic factors in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development remains ambiguous. Herein, we investigated the relationship of three GSTs polymorphisms (GSTT1 deletion, GSTM1 deletion, GSTP1 rs1695) as well as GSTP1 promoter region DNA methylation and HCC risk with a particular focus on the interaction with OCPs exposure among 90 HCC cases and 99 controls in a Chinese population. Serum samples were analysed for OCPs exposure employing gas chromatography coupled with mass selective detector (GC-MS). GSTs polymorphisms and epigenetic alterations were determined using high-resolution melting PCR (HRM PCR) and DNA sequencing. After adjusting for confounders (HBV infection, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, age, gender), OCPs exposure and GSTP1 methylation is significantly associated with elevated risk of HCC, while no significance is observed for GSTs polymorphisms. Moreover, the effects of OCPs exposure on HCC risk are more pronounced amongst GSTP1 (Ile/Val + Val/Val) and GSTP1 promoter methylation subjects than those who were GSTP1 (Ile/Ile) and unmethylated subjects. The interactions between OCPs exposure and GSTP1 genotype as well as GSTP1 epigenetic status are statistically significant. The current study demonstrates the importance of gene-environment interactions in the multifactorial development of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiping Tian
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Benhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Francis L Martin
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Preston Hospital, Fulwood, Preston PR2 2HE, UK; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Camilo L M Morais
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Preston Hospital, Fulwood, Preston PR2 2HE, UK; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Liangpo Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Qingyu Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Heqing Shen
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Guo W, Pan B, Sakkiah S, Yavas G, Ge W, Zou W, Tong W, Hong H. Persistent Organic Pollutants in Food: Contamination Sources, Health Effects and Detection Methods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4361. [PMID: 31717330 PMCID: PMC6888492 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) present in foods have been a major concern for food safety due to their persistence and toxic effects. To ensure food safety and protect human health from POPs, it is critical to achieve a better understanding of POP pathways into food and develop strategies to reduce human exposure. POPs could present in food in the raw stages, transferred from the environment or artificially introduced during food preparation steps. Exposure to these pollutants may cause various health problems such as endocrine disruption, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, birth defects, and dysfunctional immune and reproductive systems. This review describes potential sources of POP food contamination, analytical approaches to measure POP levels in food and efforts to control food contamination with POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huixiao Hong
- U.S. Food & Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (W.G.); (B.P.); (S.S.); (G.Y.); (W.G.); (W.Z.); (W.T.)
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Adeleye AO, Sosan MB, Oyekunle JAO. Occurrence and Human Health Risk of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) Pesticide Residues in Commonly Consumed Vegetables in Southwestern Nigeria. J Health Pollut 2019; 9:190909. [PMID: 31497372 PMCID: PMC6711335 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-9.23.190909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) and amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) are common leafy vegetables produced and consumed in southwestern Nigeria. These vegetables attract insect pests which are controlled by pesticides that may have adverse impacts on human health. OBJECTIVES To determine the levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) pesticide residues in the two vegetables and evaluate the potential health risks associated with their consumption. METHODS The pesticide residue levels were quantitatively and qualitatively determined using a gas chromatograph coupled with electron capture detector. Health risk assessment were performed using estimated average daily intake and hazard indices for two weight categories: children (16.7 kg) and adults (60 kg). RESULTS The results showed that delta-HCH, DDT and methoxychlor were predominantly detected in the two vegetables from both farms and markets. In amaranth, the mean concentration of methoxychlor, DDT and delta-HCH were 4.590 ± 2.774 mg/kg (dry weight (dw)), 0.757 ± 0.457 mg/kg (dw) and 0.577 ± 0.390 mg/kg (dw), respectively, while fluted pumpkin levels were 6.223 ± 2.489 mg/kg dw (methoxychlor), 0.504 ± 0.056 mg/kg dw (delta-HCH) and 0.486 ± 0.123 mg/kg dw (DDT). The levels of HCH and DDT residues were generally above the United Kingdom/European Commission maximum residue limit. The analysis of health risk estimates for non-carcinogenic risk revealed that for both vegetables, the hazard quotient for p, p' DDT and methoxychlor was >1 for both children and adults. The health risk estimates for carcinogenic risk revealed that hazard indices values were >1 for children for both vegetables and alpha-HCH had a hazard index >1 for adults for amaranth. This means the residue exceeds acceptable standard and present potential risk to consumers of these vegetables. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained from the present study indicate that consumption of amaranth contaminated with alpha-HCH could pose a carcinogenic risk for adult consumers. The consumption of the two vegetables could pose both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks to children and adults. Therefore, there is need for strict enforcement of regulations on pesticide usage to minimize human health risks. COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mosudi Babatunde Sosan
- Department of Crop Production and Protection, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Abdallah OI, Ahmed NS. Development of a Vortex-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (VA-DLLME) and LC-MS/MS Procedure for Simultaneous Determination of Fipronil and its Metabolite Fipronil Sulfone in Tomato Fruits. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Adeleye AO, Sosan MB, Oyekunle JAO. Dietary exposure assessment of organochlorine pesticides in two commonly grown leafy vegetables in South-western Nigeria. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01895. [PMID: 31286078 PMCID: PMC6587047 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent pesticides whose usage have been banned or restricted worldwide and the presence of its residues in vegetables could affect its nutritional quality as well cause adverse health effects. This study quantified the OCP residue levels in commonly grown and consumed vegetables and assessed the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks from the consumption of the contaminated vegetables. The OCP residues levels in the extract from the vegetables were determined using a Gas Chromatograph coupled with Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD). Health risk estimates were analysed using Estimated Average Daily Intake (EADI), Hazard Index (HI), and Hazard Ratio (HR) for children (16.7 kg) and adults (60 kg) weight categories. The residue analysis indicated that amaranths had the highest mean concentration of endrin aldehyde (2.987 ± 0.391 mg kg-1) and endosulfan sulfate (0.661 ± 0.280 mg kg-1), while in fluted pumpkin, the highest mean concentrations were endrin aldehyde (3.491 ± 0.376 mg kg-1) and endosulfan sulfate (2.775 ± 0.644 mg kg-1). The percentage of the detected OCP residues above Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) ranged from 25% to 100% for both vegetables. Non-carcinogenic health risk estimates for the children weight category showed that aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, endrin aldehyde, and heptachlor detected in both vegetables had HI > 1. While for adults, only aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, and endrin aldehyde revealed non-carcinogenic effect in both vegetables. Human risk estimations for the carcinogenic health effect for the two vegetables showed that aldrin and dieldrin could pose carcinogenic health risks to adult, while aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide could pose carcinogenic health risks to children. The results revealed both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks for the consumers of the contaminated vegetables from the selected locations in South-western Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mosudi Babatunde Sosan
- Department of Crop Production and Protection, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 220005, Nigeria
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Buah-Kwofie A, Humphries MS, Pillay L. Dietary exposure and risk assessment of organochlorine pesticide residues in rural communities living within catchment areas of iSimangaliso World Heritage Site, South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:17774-17786. [PMID: 31030398 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dietary intake of contaminated food is a major route of human exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Despite the prevalence of OCP usage in southern Africa for several decades, their impact on socioeconomically vulnerable communities remains largely overlooked. We investigated the accumulation of OCPs in crops commonly cultivated by rural communities surrounding iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa. All samples analysed were found to be contaminated, with total OCP concentrations ranging between 190 and 240 ng g-1 ww. Elevated levels of OCP residues were detected in all products, with the majority of samples exceeding European Commission's maximum residue limits (MRLs). We combine these results with local OCP fish tissue estimates to assess potential dietary risks. Cumulative risk assessment indicated potential non-cancer risks associated with heptachlor epoxide, while a cancer risk as high as 1 in 10 was found to be associated with aldrin and dieldrin. This far exceeds USEPA guidelines and indicates that OCP residues in crops and fish from the study area pose a high risk to human health. The results of this study call for further attention to be given to the health implications of continued OCP use not only within the study area but also in Southern Africa in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archibold Buah-Kwofie
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa.
| | - Marc S Humphries
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Letitia Pillay
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
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36
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Kelly BC, Myo AN, Pi N, Bayen S, Leakhena PC, Chou M, Tan BH. Human exposure to trace elements in central Cambodia: Influence of seasonal hydrology and food-chain bioaccumulation behaviour. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 162:112-120. [PMID: 29990722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to mercury and other trace elements remains an important public health concern, worldwide. The present study involved a comprehensive field study to determine concentrations of fourteen trace elements (Al, As, Cr, Co, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V and Zn) in surface water and different fish species from Tonlé Sap Lake in central Cambodia, during both the dry and wet seasons. Total arsenic (tAs) and Mn in surface water during the dry season exceeded WHO drinking water guidelines. Total mercury (tHg) concentrations (µg/g wet wt.) in fish during the wet season (GM = 0.055; CI95 = 0.01-0.26) were approximately 15 times higher (P < 0.05) compared to those during the dry season (GM = 0.0035; CI95 = 0.0004-0.033). Mean target hazard quotients (THQs) for inorganic arsenic (iAs), methyl mercury (MeHg), Mn and Pb were > 1, with estimated maximum values greatly exceeding 1. Mean THQs of Zn, Cd, Ni and Se were very near 1, with estimated maximum values exceeding 1. The MeHg THQ (min-max range: 0.16-9.09) during the wet season was 7 times higher than in the dry season (min-max range: 0.05-1.35). Concentrations of Hg and other trace elements varied widely between fish species. The findings suggest that exposure of some trace elements via water and food is of concern in this region. High consumption rates of fish and rice key factors related to trace element exposure. Seasonal hydrology and species-specific bioaccumulation behaviour in the Tonlé Sap Lake watershed also play an important role. The generated information will be useful to better mitigate trace element exposure in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry C Kelly
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Aung Naing Myo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Na Pi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stéphane Bayen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Phoeung Chan Leakhena
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Mondarin Chou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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37
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Li Z. The use of a disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) metric to measure human health damage resulting from pesticide maximum legal exposures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:438-456. [PMID: 29800838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Most agencies around the world have developed a separate regulation frameworks for pesticides with different modes of action, likely because of the lack of a uniform quantification for health damage, which may underestimate pesticides' impact on human health and disease burden. In this study, the disability-adjusted life-year, a uniform metric used to express the human health impact and damage, was used to measure theoretical health damage resulting from maximum exposure as permitted by law to the most widely used pesticides. The total human risk characterization factors computed from chlorpyrifos and diazinon standard values through main exposure routes are generally larger than that of other widely used pesticides, and most factors of chlorpyrifos exceed the upper bounds of health risk. In addition, the damages to human health quantified from soil legal exposure to these widely used pesticides are much lower than that from exposure to drinking water or foods, which could help derive exposure allocation factors for different exposure routes. A total of 412 (28.3% of the total) computed total risk characterization factors of the 13 pesticides exceed the upper bound of tolerable risk uncertainty. Some nations, such as those in Europe, have adopted uniform and strict pesticide standard values as well as some computed risk characterization factors presented in the consensus data cluster. In addition, the results of an analysis on the geographical distribution of health risk characterization factors indicated that European nations have provided more conservative pesticide standard values in general. It is hoped that regulatory agencies can apply this uniform metric to compare and formulate legal limits for pesticides that have different modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- Parsons Corporation, Chicago, IL 60606, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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38
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Niu L, Xu C, Zhu S, Zhang H, Liu W. Factors influencing the ecological and human health risks of DDTs in soils and air at the isomeric and enantiomeric levels. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 359:316-324. [PMID: 30048946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Even though the application of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) has been restricted for over 30 years, their ubiquitous existence still poses profound adverse impacts on ecosystem and human health. In this study, simultaneous soil and air sampling campaigns at different functional areas were conducted in warm and cold seasons. Based on the residue levels and enantiomeric signatures of DDT and its metabolites in soils and air, the parameters influencing ecological and human health risks were explored. ΣDDT concentrations in soils correlated positively with organic matter (OM) and negatively with pH, whereas atmospheric DDT levels were primarily facilitated by increased temperature. High temperature and low soil pH were also favorable for the transformation of DDT into its metabolites. The inhabitants living in agricultural regions or in areas with higher soil OM or pH < 7 were exposed to higher existing and potential health risks of soil DDTs. In addition, at lower temperatures, the existing and potential carcinogenic risks of DDTs from soil exposure were higher, whereas risks from air inhalation were lower. Health risks would be increased when considering the enantioselective toxicity of o,p'-DDT and o,p'-DDD. The results from this study could provide baseline support for risk control and avoidance of DDTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Niu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 310036, China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Siyu Zhu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 310036, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Human Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Vegetables from Kumasi, Ghana. J CHEM-NY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/3269065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of organochlorine pesticides has been banned worldwide due to their toxicities. However, some farmers use them illegally because of their potency. The aim of this study was to assess the level of organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues and the potential health risk associated with vegetables, soil, and groundwater obtained from farms in Ayigya, Nsenie, Gyenyase, and Kentinkrono in Kumasi, Ghana. A total of 15 samples were analyzed using a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. The highest mean concentration of 184.10 ± 12.11 µg/kg was recorded for methoxychlor in cabbage from Ayigya. Beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH) recorded the lowest mean concentration of 0.20 ± 0.00 µg/kg in cabbage from Ayigya. The combined risk index showed significant health risk to children than adults. The soil samples mainly contained methoxychlor followed by dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), aldrin, and other OCPs. Concentrations of total HCHs, total DDTs, and total OCPs in the soil samples ranged from <0.01 to 49.00, <0.01 to 165.81, and <0.01 to 174.91 µg/kg, respectively. Among all HCH and DDT isomers, only β-HCH and p,p′-DDT were detected in some of the water samples. Carcinogenic risk values for β-HCH, aldrin, and p,p′ DDT in the groundwater were found to be >10−6, posing a potentially serious cancer risk to consumers. Moreover, the hazard quotients (HQs) of aldrin exceeded the threshold value of one, indicating that daily exposure is a potential concern.
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Monitoring pesticide residues in dates marketed in Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia using a QuEChERS methodology and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4199. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Aamir M, Khan S, Li G. Dietary exposure to HCH and DDT congeners and their associated cancer risk based on Pakistani food consumption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:8465-8474. [PMID: 29307071 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dietary exposure to organochlorine pesticides such as hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) congeners was assessed using diet study approach, and for this purpose, different food items were collected in August 2014. The levels of ∑(HCHs + DDTs) in different food groups were ranged from 2.57 to 206 ng g-1, ww, with contamination order of fish > poultry > milk > vegetables > cereals > flour > fruits. In the present study, the ratios of β-HCH/∑HCH (0.19-0.40) were < 0.5, where the ratios of (DDE + DDD)/∑DDT (0.48-6.70 with mean value of 0.61) were > 0.5 demonstrated the recent and past inputs of HCH and DDT, respectively. The major contributing groups (6.3-70.3%) to total dietary intake of HCHs and DDTs were animal origin (fish, poultry, and milk), while the less contributing food groups (2-4.5%) were vegetarian origin (vegetables, cereals, flour, and fruits). Cancer risk was estimated for HCHs and DDTs ingested via local foodstuffs. On the basis of both average and high end (95th percentile) exposure levels, the HRs for HCHs and DDTs were found greater than one (safety limit), indicating a potential cancer risk for Pakistani people from life-time consumption of contaminated food items selected in this study. The congener-specific cancer risk was found in order of α-HCH > β-HCH > ∑DDT > γ-HCH > p,p'-DDE > p,p'-DDT. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aamir
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
- IJRC-PTS, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sardar Khan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Li Z. Health risk characterization of maximum legal exposures for persistent organic pollutant (POP) pesticides in residential soil: An analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 205:163-173. [PMID: 28982065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulations for pesticides in soil are important for controlling human health risk; humans can be exposed to pesticides by ingesting soil, inhaling soil dust, and through dermal contact. Previous studies focused on analyses of numerical standard values for pesticides and evaluated the same pesticide using different standards among different jurisdictions. To understand the health consequences associated with pesticide soil standard values, lifetime theoretical maximum contribution and risk characterization factors were used in this study to quantify the severity of damage using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) under the maximum "legal" exposure to persistent organic pollutant (POP) pesticides that are commonly regulated by the Stockholm Convention. Results show that computed soil characterization factors for some pesticides present lognormal distributions, and some of them have DALY values higher than 1000.0 per million population (e.g., the DALY for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [DDT] is 14,065 in the Netherlands, which exceeds the tolerable risk of uncertainty upper bound of 1380.0 DALYs). Health risk characterization factors computed from national jurisdictions illustrate that values can vary over eight orders of magnitude. Further, the computed characterization factors can vary over four orders of magnitude within the same national jurisdiction. These data indicate that there is little agreement regarding pesticide soil regulatory guidance values (RGVs) among worldwide national jurisdictions or even RGV standard values within the same jurisdiction. Among these POP pesticides, lindane has the lowest median (0.16 DALYs) and geometric mean (0.28 DALYs) risk characterization factors, indicating that worldwide national jurisdictions provide relatively conservative soil RGVs for lindane. In addition, we found that some European nations and members of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics share the same pesticide RGVs and data clusters for the computed characterization factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Parsons Corporation, Chicago, IL, 60606, USA.
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Shi YH, Xiao JJ, Feng RP, Liu YY, Liao M, Wu XW, Hua RM, Cao HQ. Factors Affecting the Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Transport of Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, and Spirodiclofen in Human Caco-2 Cells Following in Vitro Digestion. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9139-9146. [PMID: 28915046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study examined how gastrointestinal conditions affect pesticide bioaccessibility and intestinal transepithelial transport of pesticides (difenoconazole, hexaconazole, and spirodiclofen) in humans. We used an in vitro model combining human gastric and intestinal digestion, followed with Caco-2 cell model for human intestinal absorption. Bioaccessibility of three tested pesticides ranged from 25.2 to 76.3% and 10.6 to 79.63% in the gastric and intestinal phases, respectively. A marked trend similar to the normal distribution was observed between bioaccessibility and pH, with highest values observed at pH 2.12 in gastric juice. No significant differences were observed with increasing digestion time; however, a significant negative correlation was observed with the solid-liquid (S/L) ratio, following a logarithmic equation. R2 ranged from 0.9198 to 0.9848 and 0.9526 to 0.9951 in the simulated gastric and intestinal juices, respectively, suggesting that the S/L ratio is also a major factor affecting bioaccessibility. Moreover, significant dose- and time-response effects were subsequently observed for intestinal membrane permeability of difenoconazole, but not for hexaconazole or spirodiclofen. This is the first study to demonstrate the uptake of pesticides by human intestinal cells, aiding quantification of the likely effects on human health and highlighting the importance of considering bioaccessibility in studies of dietary exposure to pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Shi
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Jin-Jing Xiao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Rong-Peng Feng
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Yu-Ying Liu
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Min Liao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Xiang-Wei Wu
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Ri-Mao Hua
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Hai-Qun Cao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
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Oyeyiola AO, Fatunsin OT, Akanbi LM, Fadahunsi DE, Moshood MO. Human Health Risk of Organochlorine Pesticides in Foods Grown in Nigeria. J Health Pollut 2017; 7:63-70. [PMID: 30524831 PMCID: PMC6236534 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-7.15.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Production of foods safe for consumption is an important issue worldwide. Organochlorine pesticides (OCP) are often used to preserve crops. Their use can have serious impacts on human health. OBJECTIVES This research aims at assessing OCP residues in food samples from markets in Lagos in southwestern Nigeria and their risk to human health. METHODS Sixteen food samples were collected from Lagos, Nigeria and analyzed for organochlorine pesticide residues. Extraction was performed using an ultrasonicator, and analysis was carried out using a gas chromatograph-electron capture detector. Risk assessment was carried out by determining the hazard quotient. RESULTS Results of the OCP residues found in the foods were generally low, with dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) having the highest residue concentration. The concentration of p,p'-DDE was as high as 110 ng/g in pulses and 123 ng/g in Cameroon and chili peppers. The risk index was <1 in most cases, with the exception of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (p,p'-DDD) in fruits for children. DISCUSSION The results were generally lower than what has been documented in other parts of the world and suggest that consumption of the foods investigated in the present study in Nigeria may be considered safe for the 13 OCPs investigated. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for continuous monitoring of these OCPs and investigation of carbamate and phosphate pesticide residues since they are more widely used in farming practices in Nigeria.
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Shi YH, Xiao JJ, Feng RP, Liu YY, Liao M, Wu XW, Hua RM, Cao HQ. In-vitro bioaccessibility of five pyrethroids after human ingestion and the corresponding gastrointestinal digestion parameters: A contribution for human exposure assessments. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:517-524. [PMID: 28521167 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccessibility is a crucial parameter in assessing the absorption of contaminants during the human digestive process, but few studies have involved the differences in the bioaccessibilities of pesticides. To investigate the mode of using the in vitro bioaccessibility to refine estimates of dietary exposure to pesticide residues, this study measured the bioaccessibilities of five pyrethroids in apples, and then, it modelled physicochemical predictors (gastrointestinal pH, digestive times, and the solid-liquid (S/L) ratio) of the bioaccessibilities of pyrethroids. Apple samples of gastric and intestinal phase digestive juices were obtained from an in vitro simulated digestion model. Our survey of in vitro digestion models found that the bioaccessibilities ranged from 4.42% to 31.22% and 10.58%-35.63% in the gastric and intestinal phases, respectively. A sharp trend similar to a normal distribution was observed between the bioaccessibilities and pH values. The bioaccessibility reached its highest value at a pH of 1.91 in the simulated gastric juice and did not significantly change with an increase of the digestive time. A significant negative correlation occurred between the bioaccessibility and S/L ratio, which followed a logarithmic equation. The correlation coefficients (R2) ranged from 0.9259 to 0.9831 and 0.9077 to 0.9960 in the simulated gastric and intestinal juice, respectively, suggested that both the pH value and S/L ratio were the main factors affecting the bioaccessibility. Furthermore, a combination of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) and bioaccessibility for human exposure assessments indicated the implication that traditional risk assessment using ADI may seriously overestimate the actual risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Shi
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jin-Jing Xiao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Rong-Peng Feng
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yu-Ying Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Min Liao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiang-Wei Wu
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ri-Mao Hua
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hai-Qun Cao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Province, China.
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Akomea-Frempong S, Ofosu IW, Owusu-Ansah EDGJ, Darko G. Health risks due to consumption of pesticides in ready-to-eat vegetables (salads) in Kumasi, Ghana. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD CONTAMINATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40550-017-0058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lam S, Pham G, Nguyen-Viet H. Emerging health risks from agricultural intensification in Southeast Asia: a systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2017; 23:250-260. [PMID: 29560804 PMCID: PMC6060873 DOI: 10.1080/10773525.2018.1450923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Agricultural intensification is having profound impacts on food security and rural livelihoods; however, concerns remain about the potential implications on public health. Objectives We aim to examine and synthesize the evidence for human health risks of agricultural intensification in Southeast Asia. Methods We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed articles published between January 2000 and December 2015 from two electronic databases (PubMed, CAB Direct). Results A total of 73 relevant studies were included and evaluated. More than half of the studies used epidemiological methods while others applied alternative methods to quantify or estimate risks. Studies mainly focused on occupational and consumer exposure to pesticides, without often specifying the actual health risk. Conclusion Overall, the current knowledge on health risks appears to be limited. More research on long-term health implications and a wider range of contaminants are needed if sustainable benefits are to be obtained from agricultural intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Lam
- Hanoi University of Public Health, Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Giang Pham
- Hanoi University of Public Health, Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Vietnam Public Health Association, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- Hanoi University of Public Health, Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
- International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Zhang Q, Xia Z, Wu M, Wang L, Yang H. Human health risk assessment of DDTs and HCHs through dietary exposure in Nanjing, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 177:211-216. [PMID: 28288429 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In a market based study in Nanjing, a typical southeast city in China, the most common consumed 23 kinds of foods from eleven different categories (vegetable, fruit, fish, pork, livestock meat, chicken, egg, milk, oil, rice and flour) were sampled in November 2015. The concentrations of DDTs and HCHs in foods were analyzed using gas chromatography with mass spectrometer detector. The residual amounts of DDTs and HCHs in foods were 0.95-3.53 ng g-1 and 0.32-1.96 ng g-1, respectively. The highest residual of ∑10OCPs was 4.75 ng g-1 in livestock meat and the lowest was 1.31 ng g-1 in flour. Estimated daily intakes of both DDTs and HCHs for children were higher than other age groups regardless of the gender. With respect to food categories, the consumption of vegetables generated higher dietary exposure of DDTs and HCHs than other food categories for all age categories, which accounted for 20.21%-29.18% of the total. The daily intakes of γ-HCH and DDTs for all population groups were far below the acceptable amounts suggested by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization. Health risk assessment indicated that there was no obvious non-cancer risk for local residents, whereas the cancer risk was estimated to be from 10-6∼10-4, being higher than the acceptable risk level and lower than the priority risk level. Among residents of different gender and age, females showed higher risk than males in all age groups, and children were the most vulnerable age group to health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhonghuan Xia
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Minmin Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing, 210023, China
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He CT, Yan X, Wang MH, Zheng XB, Chen KH, Guo MN, Zheng J, Chen SJ. Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethanes (DDTs) in human hair and serum in rural and urban areas in South China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 155:279-286. [PMID: 28259092 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Human hair has been employed as a biomarker for exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), but information on the source of dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites in hair is limited. The present study investigated the contamination of DDTs in human hair from a rural area and an urban area of South China and compared with those in human serum and indoor dust. The concentrations of ∑DDTs ranged from 2.30 to 489ng/g, with a median of 21.8ng/g in human hair. The ∑DDT concentrations (median=40.8ng/g) in female hair were significantly higher than those in male hair (median=20.6ng/g). There were significantly positive correlations between the concentrations of DDTs and ages in both the female and male hair, but the age-dependence for DDTs in serum was less significant. The profile of DDT analogues in female hair, differing from that in the male hair, was more similar to that in the indoor dust, suggesting a more important role of exogenous exposure in female hair. We estimated that exogenous source is responsible for approximately 11% and 20% of the burden of DDTs in the male and female hair, respectively. Adjusted multiple linear regression model showed significantly positive association between the p,p'-DDE concentrations in the paired hair and serum samples, indicating that endogenous origins are the primary sources of DDTs in the hair of the residents in the study areas. Our findings demonstrated that human hair is a reliable biomarker for body burden of DDTs and can be used in epidemiology research and retrospective assessment of DDT exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Tao He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Mei-Huan Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ke-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mi-Na Guo
- College of Natural Resources, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
| | - She-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Hernández ÁR, Boada LD, Mendoza Z, Ruiz-Suárez N, Valerón PF, Camacho M, Zumbado M, Almeida-González M, Henríquez-Hernández LA, Luzardo OP. Consumption of organic meat does not diminish the carcinogenic potential associated with the intake of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4261-4273. [PMID: 25893622 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown an epidemiological link between meat consumption and the incidence of cancer, and it has been suggested that this relationship may be motivated by the presence of carcinogenic contaminants on it. Among the most frequently detected contaminants in meat are several types of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and it is well known that many of them are carcinogenic. On the other hand, an increasing number of consumers choose to feed on what are perceived as healthier foods. Thus, the number of consumers of organic food is growing. However, environmental contamination by POPs is ubiquitous, and it is therefore unlikely that the practices of organic food production are able to prevent this contamination. To test this hypothesis, we acquired 76 samples of meat (beef, chicken, and lamb) of two modes of production (organic and conventional) and quantified their levels of 33 carcinogenic POPs. On this basis, we determined the human meat-related daily dietary exposure to these carcinogens using as a model a population with a high consumption of meat, such as the Spanish population. The maximum allowable meat consumption for this population and the carcinogenic risk quotients associated with the current pattern of consumption were calculated. As expected, no sample was completely free of carcinogenic contaminants, and the differences between organically and conventionally produced meats were minimal. According to these results, the current pattern of meat consumption exceeded the maximum limits, which are set according to the levels of contaminations, and this is associated with a relevant carcinogenic risk. Strikingly, the consumption of organically produced meat does not diminish this carcinogenic risk, but on the contrary, it seems to be even higher, especially that associated with lamb consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Rodríguez Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Luis D Boada
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Canary Islands Institute for the Research of Cancer (ICIC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Zenaida Mendoza
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Norberto Ruiz-Suárez
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Pilar F Valerón
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - María Camacho
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Canary Islands Institute for the Research of Cancer (ICIC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Maira Almeida-González
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Luis A Henríquez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
- Canary Islands Institute for the Research of Cancer (ICIC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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