1
|
Chahibakhsh N, Rafieipour N, Rahimi H, RajabiNezhad S, Momeni SA, Motamedi A, Malekzadeh J, Islam MS, Mohammadi-Sartang M. Almond supplementation on appetite measures, body weight, and body composition in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 37 randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13711. [PMID: 38351580 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Almond consumption has an inverse relationship with obesity and factors related to metabolic syndrome. However, the results of available clinical trials are inconsistent. Therefore, we analyzed the results of 37 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and evaluated the association of almond consumption with subjective appetite scores and body compositions. METHODS Net changes in bodyweight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), body fat percent, fat-free mass (FFM), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subjective appetite scores were used to calculate the effect size, which was reported as a weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS This meta-analysis was performed on 37 RCTs with 43 treatment arms. The certainty in the evidence was very low for appetite indices, body fat percent, FFM, VAT, and WHR, and moderate for other parameters as assessed by the GRADE evidence profiles. Pooled effect sizes indicated a significant reducing effect of almond consumption on body weight (WMD: -0.45 kg, 95% CI: -0.85, -0.05, p = 0.026), WC (WMD: -0.66 cm, 95% CI: -1.27, -0.04, p = 0.037), FM (WMD: -0.66 kg, 95% CI: -1.16, -0.17, p = 0.009), and hunger score (WMD: -1.15 mm, 95% CI: -1.98, -0.32, p = 0.006) compared with the control group. However, almond did not have a significant effect on BMI (WMD: -0.20 kg m-2, 95% CI: -0.46, 0.05, p = 0.122), body fat percent (WMD: -0.39%, 95% CI: -0.93, 0.14, p = 0.154), FFM (WMD: -0.06, 95% CI: -0.47, 0.34, p = 0.748), WHR (WMD: -0.04, 95% CI: -0.12, 0.02, p = 0.203), VAT (WMD: -0.33 cm, 95% CI: -0.99, 0.32), fullness (WMD: 0.46 mm, 95% CI: -0.95, 1.88), desire to eat (WMD: 0.98 mm, 95% CI: -4.13, 2.23), and prospective food consumption (WMD: 1.08 mm, 95% CI: -2.11, 4.28). Subgroup analyses indicated that consumption of ≥50 g almonds per day resulted in a significant and more favorable improvement in bodyweight, WC, FM, and hunger score. Body weight, WC, FM, body fat percent, and hunger scores were decreased significantly in the trials that lasted for ≥12 weeks and in the subjects with a BMI < 30 kg/m2. Furthermore, a significant reduction in body weight and WC was observed in those trials that used a nut-free diet as a control group, but not in those using snacks and other nuts. The results of our analysis suggest that almond consumption may significantly improve body composition indices and hunger scores when consumed at a dose of ≥50 g/day for ≥12 weeks by individuals with a BMI < 30 kg/m2. CONCLUSION However, further well-constructed randomized clinical trials are needed in order ascertain the outcome of our analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Negar Chahibakhsh
- Department of Industrial Food Engineering, Basic Science Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | | | - Homan Rahimi
- School of Medical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sepideh RajabiNezhad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Motamedi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Janmohamad Malekzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi-Sartang
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang JS, Xue K, Li Z, Ssempebwa J, Wamuyu-Maina G, Musinguzi G, Rhoads J, Hoisington D, Tang L. Peanut supplementation affects compositions and functions of gut microbiome in Ugandan children. Food Funct 2024; 15:4365-4374. [PMID: 38545932 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04645a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Childhood malnutrition remains a serious global health concern, particularly in low-income nations like Uganda. This study investigated the impact of peanut supplementation on the compositions and functions of gut microbiome with nutritional improvement. School children aged 6-9 years from four rural communities were recruited, with half receiving roasted peanut snacks while the other half served as controls. Fecal samples were collected at the baseline (day 0), day 60, and day 90. Microbial DNA was extracted, and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed, followed by the measurement of SCFA concentration in fecal samples using UHPLC. Alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed significant differences between the control and supplemented groups after 90 days of supplementation. Leuconostoc lactis, Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus garvieae, Eubacterium ventriosum, and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, associated with the production of beneficial metabolites, increased significantly in the supplemented group. Acetic acid concentration also increased significantly. Notably, pathogenic bacteria, including Clostridium perfringens and Leuconostoc mesenteroides, were decreased in the supplemented group. The study indicates the potential of peanut supplementation to modulate the gut metabolome, enrich beneficial bacteria, and inhibit pathogens, suggesting a novel approach to mitigating child malnutrition and improving health status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Sheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
| | - Kathy Xue
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
| | - Zilin Li
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
| | - John Ssempebwa
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Geofrey Musinguzi
- Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Peanut, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Jamie Rhoads
- Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Peanut, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Dave Hoisington
- Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Peanut, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Lili Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Riley TM, Kris-Etherton PM, Hart TL, Petersen KS. Intake of Pistachios as a Nighttime Snack Has Similar Effects on Short- and Longer-Term Glycemic Control Compared with Education to Consume 1-2 Carbohydrate Exchanges in Adults with Prediabetes: A 12-Wk Randomized Crossover Trial. J Nutr 2024; 154:1219-1231. [PMID: 38278217 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nut intake is associated with better glycemic control and lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. It remains unclear if nut intake timing affects glycemic control and CVD risk factors. Intake of pistachios as a nighttime snack may attenuate morning glucose production and lower fasting plasma glucose (FPG). OBJECTIVES We assessed the effects of a nighttime (after dinner and before bedtime) pistachio snack (57 g/d) on glycemic control markers, vascular health, lipids/lipoproteins, and diet quality compared with education to consume 1-2 carbohydrate (CHO) exchanges (usual care) in individuals with prediabetes. METHODS A 2-period, randomized crossover trial was conducted. Participants were provided 57 g/d of dry roasted unsalted pistachios (319 kcal; fat 26 g; CHO 16 g; protein 12 g; fiber 6 g) as a nighttime snack or received usual care for 12 wk. Primary (FPG) and secondary outcomes [hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), lipids/lipoproteins, vascular health, and Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015)] were measured before and after each condition. RESULTS A total of 66 participants (50.9 ± 11.6 y, FPG: 106.2 ± 6.4 mg/dL) were randomly assigned, and 51 participants completed the trial. No between-condition differences in FPG {0.9 mg/dL [95% confidence interval (CI): -1.2, 3.1]}, HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR, lipids/lipoproteins, blood pressure, or vascular health were observed. The HEI-2015 score was higher after the pistachio condition [6.8 points (95% CI: 1.5, 12.1)] than after usual care driven by higher component scores for seafood and plant proteins [2.0 points (95% CI: 1.0, 2.9)], refined grains [2.3 points (95% CI: 1.1, 3.5)], and the fatty acid ratio [1.7 points (95% CI: 0.0, 3.5)]. CONCLUSIONS In adults with prediabetes, consuming 57 g/d of pistachios as a nighttime snack increased diet quality but had similar effects on glycemic markers, lipids/lipoproteins, blood pressure, and vascular health compared with the usual care comparator. Pistachios may be a healthful alternative to carbohydrate-rich nighttime snacks to increase alignment with Dietary Guidelines for Americans. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04056208.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terrence M Riley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Tricia L Hart
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Kristina S Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Olas B. The Cardioprotective Properties of Selected Nuts: Their Functional Ingredients and Molecular Mechanisms. Foods 2024; 13:242. [PMID: 38254543 PMCID: PMC10814286 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuts have been known as a nutritious food since ancient times and can be considered part of our original diet: they are one of the few foods that have been eaten in the same form for thousands of years. They consist of various dry fruits and seeds, with the most common species being almonds (Prunus dulcis), hazelnuts (Corylus avellana), cashews (cashew nuts, Anacardium occidentale), pistachios (Pistacia vera), walnuts (Italian nuts, Juglans regia), peanuts (Arachia hypogaca), Brazil nuts (Bartholletia excels), pecans (Corya illinoinensis), macadamia nuts (Macademia ternifolia) and pine nuts. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have found nuts to possess a range of bioactive compounds with cardioprotective properties, and hence, their consumption may play a role in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The present work reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the functional ingredients of various nuts (almonds, Brazil nuts, cashew nuts, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, peanuts, pecan nuts, pine nuts, pistachios, and walnuts) and the molecular mechanisms of their cardioprotective action. The data indicate that almonds, walnuts and pistachios are the best nut sources of bioactive ingredients with cardioprotective properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ren Y, Feng Y, Qing J, Zhang P, Xiao L, Liang X. The correlation between nuts and algae-less diet and children's blood pressure: from a cross-sectional study in Chongqing. Clin Exp Hypertens 2023; 45:2180024. [PMID: 36823777 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2023.2180024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuts and algae have been shown to improve BP levels, but their effectiveness is controversial. AIMS This study aims to illustrate the effect of dietary pattern with nuts and algae-less on BP levels in children and adolescents from a cross-sectional study. METHODS A total of 5645 children from the Chongqing Children's Health Cohort, aged 9.34 ± 1.74 years with 52.05% males, were analyzed. Stratified analysis was conducted to explore the differences between the two dietary patterns in urban or rural areas, as well as the differences in different gender. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influence factors of increased BP. And a GLM was used to analyze the influence of the two dietary patterns on systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mmHg), and mean arterial pressure (MAP, mmHg). RESULTS Children with nuts and algae-less dietary patterns had higher SBP (104.68 ± 10.31 vs 103.81 ± 9.74, P = .006), DBP (64.27 ± 7.53 vs 63.55 ± 7.52, P = .002), and MAP (77.74 ± 7.75 vs 76.97 ± 7.52, P = .001) compared with those children with a balanced diet. After adjusting for covariates, the nuts and algae-less diet was a risk factor for hypertension in children when compared with the balanced diet(OR(95%CI):1.455(1.097,1.930), P = .009). The nuts and algae-less diet has a significant influence on SBP (104.68 ± 10.31 mmHg vs.103.81 ± 9.74 mmHg, P = .006). Stratified analysis by sex showed that nuts and algae-less dietary patterns had a more significant impact on females than males. CONCLUSION Nuts and algae-less dietary pattern correlated with increased BP levels in children, and a greater impact on SBP levels was found in females, suggesting that a balanced diet with appropriate nuts and algae should be proposed for children in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Ren
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Feng
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Qing
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Lun Xiao
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martínez-Ortega IA, Mesas AE, Bizzozero-Peroni B, Garrido-Miguel M, Jiménez-López E, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Fernández-Rodríguez R. Can different types of tree nuts and peanuts induce varied effects on specific blood lipid parameters? A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-15. [PMID: 38153311 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2296559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Tree nuts and peanuts have shown cardioprotective effects through the modulation of blood lipid levels. Despite the abundance of scientific evidence available, it remains uncertain whether the type of nut consumed influences these changes. The objective of this study was to evaluate and rank the effects of six types of nuts on total cholesterol (total-c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) levels through a systematic search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), a frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA), and the estimation of SUCRA values. A total of 76 RCTs were ultimately analyzed. The total c for pistachios, almond, and walnuts; LDL-c for cashews, walnuts, and almond; and TG for hazelnuts and walnuts significantly decreased, while only peanuts exhibited a significant increase in HDL-c levels. According to the rankings, the most effective type of nut for reducing total cholesterol was pistachio, cashew for LDL-c, hazelnut for TG, and peanut for increasing HDL-c levels. It should be noted that every type of nut analyzed exhibited a significant positive impact on some parameters, and specific types demonstrated enhanced advantages for particular blood lipids. These results endorse the use of personalized nutritional strategies to address and prevent dyslipidemia.Registration: PROSPERO database CRD42021270779.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Estela Jiménez-López
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de La Luz, Cuenca, Spain
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Campos SB, de Oliveira Filho JG, Salgaço MK, Jesus MHD, Egea MB. Effects of Peanuts and Pistachios on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Syndrome: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:4440. [PMID: 38137244 PMCID: PMC10743156 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that the gut microbiota is associated with various aspects of human health, including immune system regulation, vitamin synthesis, short-chain fatty acid production, etc. Peanuts and pistachios are foods rich in protein, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, polyphenols, and other dietary components that have been shown to benefit the gut microbiota. Therefore, this review aims to describe the effects of consuming peanuts and pistachios on the gut microbiota and the potential role of these microbiota in human health. This review suggests that the consumption of peanuts or pistachios can demonstrate the potential to exert a beneficial effect on the gut microbiota by promoting the growth of beneficial gut bacteria that produce, for example, short-chain fatty acids that are beneficial for human health. In the case of peanuts, in particular, the possible modulation of the microbiota is associated with an improvement in the risk factors of metabolic syndrome and the inflammatory process triggered by a high-fat diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphani Borges Campos
- Goiano Federal Institute, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil; (S.B.C.); (M.H.D.J.)
| | | | - Mateus Kawata Salgaço
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (J.G.d.O.F.); (M.K.S.)
| | - Marisa Helena De Jesus
- Goiano Federal Institute, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil; (S.B.C.); (M.H.D.J.)
| | - Mariana Buranelo Egea
- Goiano Federal Institute, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil; (S.B.C.); (M.H.D.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ciudad-Mulero M, Domínguez L, Morales P, Fernández-Ruiz V, Cámara M. A Review of Foods of Plant Origin as Sources of Vitamins with Proven Activity in Oxidative Stress Prevention according to EFSA Scientific Evidence. Molecules 2023; 28:7269. [PMID: 37959689 PMCID: PMC10650406 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond their nutritional benefits, vitamins could decrease the risk of chronic diseases due to their potent antioxidant capacity. The present work is aimed at reviewing the state of the art regarding (1) the vitamins involved in oxidative stress prevention in accordance with the requirements established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and (2) the foods of plant origin that are sources of those vitamins and have potential benefits against oxidative stress in humans. According to the European regulations based on EFSA scientific evidence, riboflavin, vitamin C, and vitamin E are those vitamins subjected to the approved health claim "contribute to the protection of cells from oxidative stress". Scientific studies conducted in humans with some natural food sources of riboflavin (almonds, wheat germ, mushrooms, oat bran), vitamin C (guava, kale, black currant, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, orange), and vitamin E (hazelnuts, almonds, peanuts, pistachio nuts, extra virgin olive oil, dates, rye) have been performed and published in the literature. However, no food of plant origin has obtained a favorable EFSA opinion to substantiate the approval of health claims related to its potential properties related to oxidative stress prevention. Further studies (concretely, well-controlled human intervention studies) must be carried out in accordance with EFSA requirements to provide the highest level of scientific evidence that could demonstrate the potential relationship between foods of plant origin and antioxidant capacity. This review could be useful for the scientific community to study the application of health claims referring to the antioxidant capacity potentially exerted by foods of plant origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Virginia Fernández-Ruiz
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-M.); (L.D.); (P.M.); (M.C.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Houston L, Probst YC, Chandra Singh M, Neale EP. Tree Nut and Peanut Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1029-1049. [PMID: 37149262 PMCID: PMC10509427 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally. Habitual consumption of tree nuts and peanuts is associated with cardioprotective benefits. Food-based dietary guidelines globally recommend nuts as a key component of a healthy diet. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to examine the relationship between tree nut and peanut consumption and risk factors for CVD in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (PROSPERO: CRD42022309156). MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central databases were searched up to 26 September, 2021. All RCT studies that assessed the effects of tree nut or peanut consumption of any dose on CVD risk factors were included. Review Manager software was used to conduct a random effect meta-analysis for CVD outcomes from RCTs. Forest plots were generated for each outcome, between-study heterogeneity was estimated using the I2 test statistic and funnel plots and Egger's test for outcomes with ≥10 strata. The quality assessment used the Health Canada Quality Appraisal Tool, and the certainty of the evidence was assessed using grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE). A total of 153 articles describing 139 studies (81 parallel design and 58 cross-over design) were included in the systematic review, with 129 studies in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed a significant decrease for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), TC:high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, LDL cholesterol:HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B (apoB) following nut consumption. However, the quality of evidence was "low" for only 18 intervention studies. The certainty of the body of evidence for TC:HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol:HDL cholesterol, and apoB were "moderate" because of inconsistency, for TG were "low," and for LDL cholesterol and TC were "very low" because of inconsistency and the likelihood of publication bias. The findings of this review provide evidence of a combined effect of tree nuts and peanuts on a range of biomarkers to create an overall CVD risk reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Houston
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Yasmine C Probst
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mamatha Chandra Singh
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth P Neale
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nora CL, Zhang L, Castro RJ, Marx A, Carman HB, Lum T, Tsimikas S, Hong MY. Effects of mixed nut consumption on LDL cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), and other cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1529-1538. [PMID: 37263914 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Elevated LDL-C, lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], and inflammation are associated with greater risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. Consumption of individual nut types decreases these risk factors but knowledge about the effect of mixed nuts on Lp(a) is limited. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of consuming 42.5 g/day of mixed nuts on LDL-C, Lp(a), and inflammatory markers in individuals with overweight or obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS In a 16-week randomized control trial, 29 participants with overweight or obesity (BMI 25-40 kg/m2) consumed either 42.5 g/day of mixed nuts (cashews, almonds, macadamia nuts, Brazil nuts, pecans, pistachios, walnuts, and peanuts) or 69 g/day isocaloric pretzels. Blood samples were collected at baseline, week 8, and week 16 for analysis on total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, Lp(a), inflammation markers, glucose, insulin, adiponectin and liver function enzymes. No significant differences were seen in TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, Lp(a), or liver function enzymes between the two groups. Participants consuming mixed nuts had significantly lower body fat percentage and diastolic blood pressure, and higher adiponectin (all P ≤ 0.05). C-reactive protein (CRP) and 8-oxo-deoxyguanosis (8-oxodG) showed non-significant decreasing trends and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) had a non-significant increasing trend in the mixed nut group. CONCLUSION Consumption of mixed nuts had no evidence of an effect on LDL-C or Lp(a) throughout the intervention. Notably, mixed nut consumption lowered body fat percentage without significant changes in body weight or BMI. Future studies with larger sample sizes investigating the changing trends of CRP, 8-oxodG, and TAC are warranted. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTER NCT03375866.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Nora
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Liyue Zhang
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Robert J Castro
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Amanda Marx
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Hannah B Carman
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Tiffany Lum
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mee Young Hong
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Valicente VM, Peng CH, Pacheco KN, Lin L, Kielb EI, Dawoodani E, Abdollahi A, Mattes RD. Ultraprocessed Foods and Obesity Risk: A Critical Review of Reported Mechanisms. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:718-738. [PMID: 37080461 PMCID: PMC10334162 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic evidence supports a positive association between ultraprocessed food (UPF) consumption and body mass index. This has led to recommendations to avoid UPFs despite very limited evidence establishing causality. Many mechanisms have been proposed, and this review critically aimed to evaluate selected possibilities for specificity, clarity, and consistency related to food choice (i.e., low cost, shelf-life, food packaging, hyperpalatability, and stimulation of hunger/suppression of fullness); food composition (i.e., macronutrients, food texture, added sugar, fat and salt, energy density, low-calorie sweeteners, and additives); and digestive processes (i.e., oral processing/eating rate, gastric emptying time, gastrointestinal transit time, and microbiome). For some purported mechanisms (e.g., fiber content, texture, gastric emptying, and intestinal transit time), data directly contrasting the effects of UPF and non-UPF intake on the indices of appetite, food intake, and adiposity are available and do not support a unique contribution of UPFs. In other instances, data are not available (e.g., microbiome and food additives) or are insufficient (e.g., packaging, food cost, shelf-life, macronutrient intake, and appetite stimulation) to judge the benefits versus the risks of UPF avoidance. There are yet other evoked mechanisms in which the preponderance of evidence indicates ingredients in UPFs actually moderate body weight (e.g., low-calorie sweetener use for weight management; beverage consumption as it dilutes energy density; and higher fat content because it reduces glycemic responses). Because avoidance of UPFs holds potential adverse effects (e.g., reduced diet quality, increased risk of food poisoning, and food wastage), it is imprudent to make recommendations regarding their role in diets before causality and plausible mechanisms have been verified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius M Valicente
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ching-Hsuan Peng
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Kathryn N Pacheco
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Luotao Lin
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Elizabeth I Kielb
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Elina Dawoodani
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Afsoun Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Richard D Mattes
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hadi A, Asbaghi O, Kazemi M, Khadem Haghighian H, Ghaedi E. Effects of pistachios on glycaemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2023; 129:1693-1702. [PMID: 35795961 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of pistachio consumption on the glucoregulatory status in individuals with a high risk of CVD, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) were conducted. Online databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched from inception until June 2019. Human trials that reported data for fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were included. Data were pooled using the random effect models and expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95 % CI. Eight RCTs were included in the analyses. Pistachio consumption, exchanged isocalorically for other foods, decreased FBS (WMD: -5·32 mg/dl, 95 % CI (-7·80, -2·64), P < 0·001) and insulin (WMD: -1·86 µIU/ml, 95 % CI (-3·13, -0·59), P < 0·01) concentrations in individuals with a high risk of CVD. However, no changes were observed in the levels of HOMA-IR between the groups (WMD: -0·66, 95 % CI (-1·89, 0·58), P = 0·30). Pistachio consumption may improve glucoregulatory status in individuals at risk for CVD, as evidenced by reduced FBS and insulin concentrations. However, due to the limited availability of studies with diabetic cases and relatively small sample sizes of available studies, well-designed trials with adequate sample sizes aimed at diabetic populations are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kazemi
- Hilda and J. Lester Gabrilove Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hossein Khadem Haghighian
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Derbyshire E, Higgs J, Feeney MJ, Carughi A. Believe It or ' Nut': Why It Is Time to Set the Record Straight on Nut Protein Quality: Pistachio ( Pistacia vera L.) Focus. Nutrients 2023; 15:2158. [PMID: 37432263 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There are growing public health movements to transition towards diets that are plant-based. However, confusion exists with concerns that plant-based proteins (including nuts) may be inferior with respect to protein quality. The present publication evaluates the evolution of protein quality concepts and explains the protein science related to pistachios. Pistachio nuts are a plant-based complete protein providing all nine EAAs in addition to an array of nutrients and phytochemicals. They have a PDCAAS of 73 and 81%, (raw and roasted pistachios, respectively), higher than that of many other tree nuts. From an environmental perspective transitioning towards plant-based diets (including nuts) could have potential to reduce total/green water footprints. Dietary guidelines are evolving yet nuts such as pistachios do not always have a clear place within these. Now appears to be a pertinent time to look at protein quality from the perspective of whole daily diets and dietary patterns, factoring in both health and environmental outcomes. Given updated modes of thinking, nuts such as pistachios have an important role to play in terms of providing ready-to-eat, good-quality, plant-based protein within daily diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary Jo Feeney
- California Agricultural Boards, Los Altos Hills, CA 94024, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gulati S, Misra A, Tiwari R, Sharma M, Pandey RM, Upadhyay AD, Chandra Sati H. Premeal almond load decreases postprandial glycaemia, adiposity and reversed prediabetes to normoglycemia: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 54:12-22. [PMID: 36963852 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asian Indians show rapid conversion from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Novel dietary strategies are needed to arrest this progression, by targeting postprandial hyperglycaemia (PPHG). DESIGN We conducted a free-living randomized controlled open-label parallel arm study to evaluate the effect of a premeal load of almonds (20 g) 30 min before major meals on anthropometric, glycaemic, and metabolic parameters over 3 months. Sixty-six participants with prediabetes in the age range of 18-60 yrs were recruited. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (registration no. NCT04769726). RESULTS Thirty participants in each arm completed the study. As per 'intention-to-treat' analysis, overall additional mean reductions were statistically significant for body weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC), subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds, and improved handgrip strength (Kg) (p < 0·001 for all) in the treatment arm vs. the control arm (after multiple adjustments). In the blood parameters, the additional mean reduction in the treatment arm vs. control arm was statistically significant for fasting and post-75 g oral glucose-load blood glucose, postprandial insulin, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, proinsulin, total cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0·001 for all). Most importantly, we observed a reversal to normoglycemic state (fasting blood glucose and 2 h post-OGTT glucose levels) in 23.3% (7 out of 30) of participants in the treatment arm which is comparable to that seen with Acarbose treatment (25%). CONCLUSION Incorporation of 20 g of almonds, 30 min before each major meal leads to significant improvement in body weight, WC, glycemia (particularly PPHG), and insulin resistance and shows potential for reversal of prediabetes to normal glucose regulation over 3 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seema Gulati
- Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India; National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India; Center of Nutrition & Metabolic Research (C-NET), New Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Misra
- Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India; National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India; Center of Nutrition & Metabolic Research (C-NET), New Delhi, India; Fortis C-DOC Centre for Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Disease, and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Rajneesh Tiwari
- National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India
| | - Meenu Sharma
- National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Parilli-Moser I, Domínguez-López I, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Hurtado-Barroso S, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Urinary Phenolic Metabolites Associated with Peanut Consumption May Have a Beneficial Impact on Vascular Health Biomarkers. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030698. [PMID: 36978946 PMCID: PMC10045820 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds in peanuts may moderate inflammation and endothelial function. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association of urinary phenolic metabolites (UPMs) with vascular biomarkers after peanut product consumption. A three-arm parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted in 63 healthy young adults who consumed 25 g/day of skin roasted peanuts (SRP), 32 g/day of peanut butter (PB), or 32 g/day of a control butter for six months. UPMs were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Additionally, urinary eicosanoids, prostacyclin I2 (PGI2), and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) were determined using two competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Consumers of SRP and PB presented significantly higher excretion of UPMs (enterodiol glucuronide (p = 0.018 and p = 0.031), 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001), vanillic acid sulfate (p = 0.048 and p = 0.006), p-coumaric acid (p = 0.046 and p = 0.016), coumaric acid glucuronide I (p = 0.001 and p = 0.030) and II (p = 0.003 and p = 0.036), and isoferulic acid (p = 0.013 and p = 0.015) in comparison with the control group. An improvement in PGI2 (p = 0.037) levels and the TXA2:PGI2 ratio (p = 0.008) was also observed after the peanut interventions compared to the control. Interestingly, UPMs with significantly higher post-intervention levels were correlated with an improvement in vascular biomarkers, lower TXA2 (r from −0.25 to −0.48, p < 0.050) and TXA2:PGI2 ratio (r from −0.25 to −0.43, p < 0.050) and higher PGI2 (r from 0.24 to 0.36, p < 0.050). These findings suggest that the UPMs with higher excretion after peanut product consumption could have a positive impact on vascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Parilli-Moser
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Domínguez-López
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Hurtado-Barroso
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-403-4843
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mahadevan M, Bose M, Gawron KM, Blumberg R. Metabolic Syndrome and Chronic Disease Risk in South Asian Immigrants: A Review of Prevalence, Factors, and Interventions. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050720. [PMID: 36900725 PMCID: PMC10000781 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
South Asians (SAs) are among the fastest-growing ethnic groups in the U.S. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a condition that is characterized by multiple health factors that increase the risk for chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. MetS prevalence among SA immigrants ranges from 27-47% in multiple cross-sectional studies using different diagnostic criteria, which is generally higher compared to other populations in the receiving country. Both genetic and environmental factors are attributed to this increased prevalence. Limited intervention studies have shown effective management of MetS conditions within the SA population. This review reports MetS prevalence in SAs residing in non-native countries, identifies contributing factors, and discusses ways to develop effective community-based strategies for health promotion targeting MetS among SA immigrants. There is a need for more consistently evaluated longitudinal studies to facilitate the development of directed public health policy and education to address chronic diseases in the SA immigrant community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meena Mahadevan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-973-655-7574
| | - Mousumi Bose
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
| | | | - Renata Blumberg
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mohan V, Sudha V, Shobana S, Gayathri R, Krishnaswamy K. Are Unhealthy Diets Contributing to the Rapid Rise of Type 2 Diabetes in India? J Nutr 2023; 153:940-948. [PMID: 36858259 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate globally, particularly in India. In the urban areas, the prevalence of diabetes among adults aged ≥20 y, which was around 2% in the early 1970's, has increased by >20% in 50 y. The rapid nutrition transition due to high economic growth rates increased urbanization and globalization has resulted in higher intakes of processed refined grain staples, mainly white rice in Southern and Eastern India and refined wheat in Northern and Western India. This coupled with inadequate quantity and quality of protein; unhealthy fats; lower intake of vegetables, fruits, and fiber; and a sedentary lifestyle are the main drivers of the diabetes epidemic in India. This review attempts to discuss both the quality and quantity of Indian diets with specific reference to macronutrients. This review also outlines some of the strategies that can be employed to slow down the diabetes epidemic in this region. We believe that the lessons learned from India would be applicable to other developing nations as well, particularly to the South East Asian region. J Nutr 2023;xx:xxx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, IDF Centre of Diabetes Education, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Vasudevan Sudha
- Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmugam Shobana
- Department of Diabetes Food Technology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajagopal Gayathri
- Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kamala Krishnaswamy
- Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Arnesen EK, Thorisdottir B, Bärebring L, Söderlund F, Nwaru BI, Spielau U, Dierkes J, Ramel A, Lamberg-Allardt C, Åkesson A. Nuts and seeds consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and their risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:8961. [PMID: 36816545 PMCID: PMC9930735 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.8961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to systematically review studies and evaluate the strength of the evidence on nuts/seeds consumption and cardiometabolic diseases and their risk factors among adults. Methods A protocol was pre-registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021270554). We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Scopus up to September 20, 2021 for prospective cohort studies and ≥12-week randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Main outcomes were cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and type 2 diabetes (T2D), secondary total-/low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, blood pressure and glycaemic markers. Data extraction and risk of bias (RoB) assessments (using RoB 2.0 and RoB-NObS) were performed in duplicate. Effect sizes were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses and expressed as relative risk (RR) or weighted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI); heterogeneity quantified as I 2. One-stage dose-response analyses assessed the linear and non-linear associations with CVD, CHD, stroke and T2D. The strength of evidence was classified per the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Results After screening 23,244 references, we included 42 papers from cohort studies (28 unique cohorts, 1,890,573 participants) and 18 RCTs (2,266 participants). In the cohorts, mainly populations with low consumption, high versus low total nuts/seeds consumption was inversely associated with total CVD (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.75, 0.86; I 2 = 67%), CVD mortality (0.77; 0.72, 0.82; I 2 = 59.3%), CHD (0.82; 0.76, 0.89; I 2 = 64%), CHD mortality (0.75; 0.65, 0.87; I 2 = 66.9%) and non-fatal CHD (0.85; 0.75, 0.96; I 2 = 62.2%). According to the non-linear dose-response analyses, consumption of 30 g/day of total nuts/seeds was associated with RRs of similar magnitude. For stroke and T2D the summary RR for high versus low intake was 0.91 (95% CI 0.85, 0.97; I 2 = 24.8%) and 0.95 (0.75, 1.21; I 2 = 82.2%). Intake of nuts (median ~50 g/day) lowered total (-0.15 mmol/L; -0.22, -0.08; I 2 = 31.2%) and LDL-cholesterol (-0.13 mmol/L; -0.21, -0.05; I 2 = 68.6%), but not blood pressure. Findings on fasting glucose, HbA1c and insulin resistance were conflicting. The results were robust to sensitivity and subgroup analyses. We rated the associations between nuts/seeds and both CVD and CHD as probable. There was limited but suggestive evidence for no association with stroke. No conclusion could be made for T2D. Conclusion There is a probable relationship between consumption of nuts/seeds and lower risk of CVD, mostly driven by CHD, possibly in part through effects on blood lipids. More research on stroke and T2D may affect the conclusions. The evidence of specific nuts should be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Kristoffer Arnesen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Erik Kristoffer Arnesen, Division of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, Box 1046 Blindern, NO-0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Linnea Bärebring
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Söderlund
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bright I. Nwaru
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrike Spielau
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jutta Dierkes
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alfons Ramel
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Agneta Åkesson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gulati S, Misra A, Tiwari R, Sharma M, Pandey RM, Upadhyay AD, Sati HC. Beneficial effects of premeal almond load on glucose profile on oral glucose tolerance and continuous glucose monitoring: randomized crossover trials in Asian Indians with prediabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:586-595. [PMID: 36732571 PMCID: PMC10169634 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid conversion from prediabetes to diabetes and frequent postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG) is seen in Asian Indians. These should be the target of dietary strategies. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that dietary intervention of preloading major meals with almonds in participants with prediabetes will decrease overall glycemia and PPHG. DESIGN The study included two phases: (1) an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-based crossover randomized control study, the effect of a single premeal almond load (20 g) given before OGTT was evaluated (n = 60, 30 each period). (2) The continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS)-based study for 3 days including premeal almond load before three major meals was a free-living, open-labeled, crossover randomized control trial, where control and premeal almond load diets were compared for glycaemic control (n = 60, 30 in each period). The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (registration no. NCT04769726). RESULTS In the OGTT-based study phase, the overall AUC for blood glucose, serum insulin, C-peptide, and plasma glucagon post-75 g oral glucose load was significantly lower for treatment vs. control diet (p < 0.001). Specifically, with the former diet, PPHG was significantly lower (18.05% in AUC on OGTT, 24.8% at 1-h, 28.9% at 2-h post OGTT, and 10.07% during CGMS). The CGMS data showed that premeal almond load significantly improved 24-glucose variability; SD of mean glucose concentration and mean of daily differences. Daily glycaemic control improved significantly as per the following: mean 24-h blood glucose concentration (M), time spent above 7.8 mmol/L of blood glucose, together with the corresponding AUC values. Premeal almond load significantly decreased following: overall hyperglycemia (glucose AUC), PPHG, peak 24-h glycaemia, and minimum glucose level during night. CONCLUSION Incorporation of 20 g of almonds, 30 min before each major meal led to a significant decrease in PPHG (as revealed in OGTT-based study phase) and also improved insulin, C-peptide, glucagon levels, and improved glucose variability and glycemic parameters on CGMS in participants with prediabetes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (registration no. NCT04769726).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seema Gulati
- Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India.,National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India.,Center of Nutrition & Metabolic Research (C-NET), New Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Misra
- Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India. .,National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India. .,Center of Nutrition & Metabolic Research (C-NET), New Delhi, India. .,Fortis C-DOC Centre for Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Disease, and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Rajneesh Tiwari
- National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India
| | - Meenu Sharma
- National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Carter S, Hill AM, Buckley JD, Tan SY, Rogers GB, Coates AM. Acute feeding with almonds compared to a carbohydrate-based snack improves appetite-regulating hormones with no effect on self-reported appetite sensations: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:857-866. [PMID: 36305961 PMCID: PMC9614749 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early satiety has been identified as one of the mechanisms that may explain the beneficial effects of nuts for reducing obesity. This study compared postprandial changes in appetite-regulating hormones and self-reported appetite ratings after consuming almonds (AL, 15% of energy requirement) or an isocaloric carbohydrate-rich snack bar (SB). METHODS This is a sub-analysis of baseline assessments of a larger parallel-arm randomised controlled trial in overweight and obese (Body Mass Index 27.5-34.9 kg/m2) adults (25-65 years). After an overnight fast, 140 participants consumed a randomly allocated snack (AL [n = 68] or SB [n = 72]). Appetite-regulating hormones and self-reported appetite sensations, measured using visual analogue scales, were assessed immediately before snack food consumption, and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min following snack consumption. A sub-set of participants (AL, n = 49; SB, n = 48) then consumed a meal challenge buffet ad libitum to assess subsequent energy intake. An additional appetite rating assessment was administered post buffet at 150 min. RESULTS Postprandial C-peptide area under the curve (AUC) response was 47% smaller with AL compared to SB (p < 0.001). Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide AUC responses were larger with AL compared to SB (18%, p = 0.005; 39% p < 0.001; 45% p < 0.001 respectively). Cholecystokinin, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1, leptin and polypeptide YY AUCs were not different between groups. Self-reported appetite ratings and energy intake following the buffet did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION More favourable appetite-regulating hormone responses to AL did not translate into better self-reported appetite or reduced short-term energy consumption. Future studies should investigate implications for longer term appetite regulation. ANZCTR REFERENCE NUMBER ACTRN12618001861246 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharayah Carter
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5001 Australia
| | - Alison M. Hill
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jonathan D. Buckley
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5001 Australia
| | - Sze-Yen Tan
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Geraint B. Rogers
- grid.430453.50000 0004 0565 2606Microbiome Research, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia ,grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Alison M. Coates
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5001 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Limbachia J, Ajmeri M, Keating BJ, de Souza RJ, Anand SS. Effects of lifestyle interventions on cardiovascular risk factors in South Asians: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059666. [PMID: 36600330 PMCID: PMC9743295 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden among South Asians is high. Lifestyle interventions have been effective in the primary prevention of CVD, but this has not been replicated, through a synthesis of randomised trials, in South Asians. METHODS Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL and CINAHL), two clinical trial registries and references of included articles were searched through June 2022 (featuring ≥90% South Asian participants). Random-effects pairwise meta-analyses were performed, and heterogeneity was quantified with the I2 statistic. The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was used to report on the quality of evidence (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews registration (PROSPERO). RESULTS Thirty-five studies were included. Twelve tested diet and physical activity interventions; 18 tested diet alone; and 5 tested physical activity alone. All reported effects of the intervention(s) on at least one established risk factor for CVD, including blood pressure (systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and blood lipids (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) or triglycerides). No trials reported clinical CVD. There is moderate-quality evidence that diet and physical activity interventions improve SBP (mean difference (MD) -2.72 mm Hg, 95% CI -4.11 to -1.33) and DBP (MD -1.53 mm Hg, 95% CI -2.57 to -0.48); high-quality to moderate-quality evidence that diet-only interventions improve DBP (MD -2.05 mm Hg, 95% CI -2.93 to -1.16) and blood lipids (triglycerides (MD -0.10 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.14 to -0.06) and LDLc (MD -0.19 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.32 to -0.06)); and moderate-quality evidence that physical activity-only interventions improve SBP (MD -9.7 mm Hg, 95% CI -11.05 to -8.35), DBP (MD -7.29 mm Hg, 95% CI -8.42 to -6.16) and HDLc (MD 0.08 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.11) compared with usual care. CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle interventions improve blood pressure and blood lipid profiles in adult South Asians at risk of CVD. Tailored interventions should be used to modify cardiovascular risk factors in this at-risk group. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018090419.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayneel Limbachia
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohitkumar Ajmeri
- Family and Community Medicine, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Benjamin J Keating
- McMaster University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell J de Souza
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia S Anand
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rayo VU, Thayer I, Galloway SD, Hong MY, Hooshmand S, Liu C, North E, Okamoto L, O'Neal T, Philpott J, Witard OC, Kern M. Influence of pistachios on force production, subjective ratings of pain, and oxidative stress following exercise-induced muscle damage in moderately trained athletes: A randomized, crossover trial. Metabol Open 2022; 16:100215. [PMID: 36325128 PMCID: PMC9619370 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2022.100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies have focused on the role of pistachios on metabolic health, the ergogenic effects of the nut must be elucidated. This study evaluated the impact of ingesting raw, shelled, unsalted pistachios on subjective pain ratings, force production, vertical jump, and biochemical indices of recovery from eccentrically biased exercise. Using a crossover design, 27 moderately trained, male athletes completed 3 trials in a randomized counterbalanced fashion. Control received water only, low dose (1.5 oz/d; PL) and high dose (3.0 oz/d; PH) consumed pistachios for 2 weeks with a 3-4-week washout between trials. PH had lower pain ratings in most muscles after 72 h of recovery (p < 0.05). PH prevented a decrease in force production at 120°/s of knee flexion (p > 0.05); whereas force was diminished in the other trials. Creatine kinase, myoglobin, and C-reactive protein increased over time following exercise (p < 0.05); however, there were no advantages following pistachio consumption. No significant changes in vertical jump or superoxide dismutase were elicited during any trial. This study demonstrates that 3.0 oz/d of pistachios can reduce delayed onset of muscle soreness and maintain muscle strength, potentially promoting exercise tolerance and training adaptations. ClinicalTrialsgov Identifier NCT03698032.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vernon Uganiza Rayo
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States,Corresponding author. 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, United States.
| | - Imogene Thayer
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Mee Young Hong
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Shirin Hooshmand
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Changqi Liu
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Elise North
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Lauren Okamoto
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Timothy O'Neal
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Mark Kern
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Markiewicz-Żukowska R, Puścion-Jakubik A, Grabia M, Perkowski J, Nowakowski P, Bielecka J, Soroczyńska J, Kańgowski G, Bołtryk JM, Socha K. Nuts as a Dietary Enrichment with Selected Minerals-Content Assessment Supported by Chemometric Analysis. Foods 2022; 11:3152. [PMID: 37430901 PMCID: PMC9601893 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuts used as a snack and meal accompaniment supply plant protein and fatty acids that are beneficial for human health; however, they can also provide minerals. The aim of this study was to determine the content of selected elements that are often deficient in the diet (calcium, potassium, magnesium, selenium, and zinc) in nuts and determine whether they can be used to supplement deficiencies in the diet. In this study, we analyzed 10 types of nuts (n = 120 samples) that are consumed and available for sale in Poland. The content of calcium, magnesium, selenium, and zinc was determined by the atomic absorption spectrometry method, and flame atomic emission spectrometry was used for determination of potassium contents. The highest median calcium content was found in almonds (2825.8 mg/kg), the highest potassium content in pistachio nuts (15,730.5 mg/kg), the highest magnesium and selenium contents in Brazil nuts (10,509.2 mg/kg and 4348.7 μg/kg, respectively), and the highest zinc content in pine nuts (72.4 mg/kg). All the tested nuts are a source of magnesium, eight types of tested nuts are a source of potassium, six nut types are a source of zinc, and four nut types are a source of selenium; however, among the tested nuts, only almonds can be considered a source of calcium. Moreover, we found that selected chemometric methods can be useful in the classification of nuts. The studied nuts are valuable products that can be used to supplement the diet with selected minerals and can therefore be labelled as functional products crucial for disease prevention.
Collapse
|
24
|
Why Should Pistachio Be a Regular Food in Our Diet? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153207. [PMID: 35956383 PMCID: PMC9370095 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pistachio is regarded as a relevant source of biologically active components that, compared to other nuts, possess a healthier nutritional profile with low-fat content composed mainly of monounsaturated fatty acids, a high source of vegetable protein and dietary fibre, remarkable content of minerals, especially potassium, and an excellent source of vitamins, such as vitamins C and E. A rich composition in terms of phytochemicals, such as tocopherols, carotenoids, and, importantly, phenolic compounds, makes pistachio a powerful food to explore its involvement in the prevention of prevalent pathologies. Although pistachio has been less explored than other nuts (walnut, almonds, hazelnut, etc.), many studies provide evidence of its beneficial effects on CVD risk factors beyond the lipid-lowering effect. The present review gathers recent data regarding the most beneficial effects of pistachio on lipid and glucose homeostasis, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and inflammation that essentially convey a protective/preventive effect on the onset of pathological conditions, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, CVD, and cancer. Likewise, the influence of pistachio consumption on gut microbiota is reviewed with promising results. However, population nut consumption does not meet current intake recommendations due to the extended belief that they are fattening products, their high cost, or teething problems, among the most critical barriers, which would be solved with more research and information.
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang M, Liu J, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Wang N, Chen X, Han X, Lu Q, Chi S. Effects of Dietary Intervention on Inflammatory Markers in Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:846591. [PMID: 35433780 PMCID: PMC9008568 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.846591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary interventions may modulate inflammatory indicators, but the correlations between dietary intervention and inflammatory markers in metabolic syndrome (MetS) settings remain opaque. Objective To evaluate the effects of dietary intervention on interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with MetS by systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods Databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google scholar, were searched from June 2011 to June 2021 for relevant available articles. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was generated as effect size by meta-analysis for continuous variants, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP levels. Then, according to study characteristics by dietary patterns of the intervention, subgroup analyses were performed. Results Finally, 13 studies comprising a total of 1,101 participants were included for the meta-analysis. IL-6 levels in dietary patients were significantly lower than controls (SMD = -0.30, 95% CI = -0.55, 0.04, p = 0.02, I2 = 64%). However, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CRP levels did not change significantly compared with the control group. Sensitivity analyses further yielded similar results. Conclusions Dietary intervention may help decrease IL-6 rather than IL-1β, TNF-α, or CRP levels in patients with MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junliang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, 521 Hospital of Norinco Group, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, 521 Hospital of Norinco Group, Xi'an, China
| | - Haixiong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, 521 Hospital of Norinco Group, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Han
- Department of Endocrinology, 521 Hospital of Norinco Group, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, 521 Hospital of Norinco Group, Xi'an, China
| | - Shanshan Chi
- Department of Endocrinology, 521 Hospital of Norinco Group, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Khalili L, A-Elgadir TME, Mallick AK, El Enshasy HA, Sayyed RZ. Nuts as a Part of Dietary Strategy to Improve Metabolic Biomarkers: A Narrative Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:881843. [PMID: 35425791 PMCID: PMC9001892 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.881843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuts are in the spotlight because of their association with improved health outcomes. We aimed to summarize the findings of previous studies to evaluate the impact of nuts consumption on glycaemic and lipid profile, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Methods Electronic searches for observational and intervention studies were undertaken in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Science Direct until 2022 for searching the studies aiming the application of different types of nuts and the beneficial effects of nuts in improving glycemia, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Results Results from 56 interventional, 9 narrative and 3 systematic reviews, and 12 meta-analysis studies, aiming at the evaluating beneficial effects of different types of nuts on metabolic markers, showed that nut consumption could improve metabolic markers, including glycaemic factors, lipid profile, and inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in both healthy and individuals with metabolic disorders in a type-, dose- and duration-dependent manner. According to their unique nutrient components, nuts can be known as a part of a healthy diet, resulting in improved metabolic biomarkers. Conclusion Considering the efficacy of nuts in improving metabolic markers, incorporation of, incorporating nuts the effectiveness of nuts in improving metabolic markers, incorporating nuts in the diet may prevent the incidence or aggravation of chronic metabolic diseases. Considering the health benefits of the nuts' components, including essential micronutrients, if consumed in the appropriate dose and duration to provide the necessary amount of effective micronutrients to improve health, we will see an improvement in metabolic factors. At the same time, more research is required to determine the optimal type, dose, and duration of nut intervention with regards to metabolic control and reducing the risk of developing metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Khalili
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ayaz Khurram Mallick
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Ali El Enshasy
- Insitute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - R. Z. Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal's Arts, Science, and Commerce College, Shahada, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Amanatidou AI, Kaliora AC, Amerikanou C, Stojanoski S, Milosevic N, Vezou C, Beribaka M, Banerjee R, Kalafati IP, Smyrnioudis I, Kurth MJ, Kannt A, Francino MP, Visvikis-Siest S, Deloukas P, Llorens C, Marascio F, Milic N, Medic-Stojanoska M, Gastaldelli A, Trivella MG, Dedoussis GV. Association of Dietary Patterns with MRI Markers of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis in the MAST4HEALTH Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020971. [PMID: 35055797 PMCID: PMC8775335 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Whereas the etiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is complex, the role of nutrition as a causing and preventive factor is not fully explored. The aim of this study is to associate dietary patterns with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters in a European population (Greece, Italy, and Serbia) affected by NAFLD. For the first time, iron-corrected T1 (cT1), proton density fat fraction (PDFF), and the liver inflammation fibrosis score (LIF) were examined in relation to diet. A total of 97 obese patients with NAFLD from the MAST4HEALTH study were included in the analysis. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the quality of diet and food combinations. Other variables investigated include anthropometric measurements, total type 2 diabetes risk, physical activity level (PAL), and smoking status. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify dietary patterns. Six dietary patterns were identified, namely “High-Sugar”, “Prudent”, “Western”, “High-Fat and Salt”, “Plant-Based”, and “Low-Fat Dairy and Poultry”. The “Western” pattern was positively associated with cT1 in the unadjusted model (beta: 0.020, p-value: 0.025) and even after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), PAL, smoking, the center of the study, and the other five dietary patterns (beta: 0.024, p-value: 0.020). On the contrary, compared with low-intake patients, those with medium intake of the “Low-Fat Dairy and Poultry” pattern were associated with lower values of cT1, PDFF, and LIF. However, patients with a “Low-Fat Dairy and Poultry” dietary pattern were negatively associated with MRI parameters (cT1: beta: −0.052, p-value: 0.046, PDFF: beta: −0.448, p-value: 0.030, LIF: beta: −0.408, p-value: 0.025). Our findings indicate several associations between MRI parameters and dietary patterns in NAFLD patients, highlighting the importance of diet in NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athina I. Amanatidou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (C.A.); (C.V.); (I.-P.K.); (G.V.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.I.A.); (A.C.K.)
| | - Andriana C. Kaliora
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (C.A.); (C.V.); (I.-P.K.); (G.V.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.I.A.); (A.C.K.)
| | - Charalampia Amerikanou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (C.A.); (C.V.); (I.-P.K.); (G.V.D.)
| | - Stefan Stojanoski
- Center for Diagnostic Imaging, Oncology Institute of Vojvodine, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (N.M.); (N.M.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Natasa Milosevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (N.M.); (N.M.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Chara Vezou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (C.A.); (C.V.); (I.-P.K.); (G.V.D.)
| | - Mirjana Beribaka
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Technology Zvornik, University of East Sarajevo, 75400 Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | | | - Ioanna-Panagiota Kalafati
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (C.A.); (C.V.); (I.-P.K.); (G.V.D.)
| | | | - Mary Jo Kurth
- Clinical Studies Group, Randox Laboratories Ltd., Crumlin BT29 4RN, UK;
| | - Aimo Kannt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - M. Pilar Francino
- Area de Genòmica i Salut, Fundació per al Foment de la Investigació Sanitá ria I Biomèdica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO-Salut Pú blica), 46020 Valencia, Spain;
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pú blica, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sophie Visvikis-Siest
- INSERM UMR U1122, IGE-PCV, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lorraine, 30 Rue Lionnois, 54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
- Centre for Genomic Health, Life Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, UK
| | - Carlos Llorens
- Biotechvana, Parc Científic, Universitat de València, Paterna, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | | | - Natasa Milic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (N.M.); (N.M.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Milica Medic-Stojanoska
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (N.M.); (N.M.); (M.M.-S.)
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.G.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Trivella
- Institute of Clinical Physiology National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.G.); (M.G.T.)
- ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - George V. Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (C.A.); (C.V.); (I.-P.K.); (G.V.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
The Effect of Herbal Medicine and Natural Bioactive Compounds on Plasma Adiponectin: A Clinical Review. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1328:37-57. [PMID: 34981470 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are one of the major public health concerns globally. Most of the NCDs including insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, fatty liver disease, and coronary heart disease are related to obesity and are called obesity-related NCDs (OR-NCDs). However, adipocytes can reduce OR-NCDs by secreting adiponectin. Adiponectin has an inverse relationship with body fat. Obese people have impairment in differentiating pre-adipocytes to adipocytes, the process facilitated by adiponectin. Adiponectin directly increases insulin sensitivity and reduces obesity-related insulin resistance by down-regulating hepatic glucose production and increasing fatty acid (FA) oxidation in skeletal muscle. Considering the various beneficial effects of adiponectin on health, increasing adiponectin might be a promising approach to prevent and treat OR-NCDs. Recent studies have shown that nutraceuticals and medicinal compounds isolated from plants could prevent and treat various diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes mellitus, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, to our knowledge, the effect of these natural products, including herbal supplements and functional foods on adiponectin, has not yet been fully reviewed. The main aim of this review is to summarize the effects of nutraceuticals and herbal bioactive compounds on plasma adiponectin concentrations based on clinical studies. It can be concluded that medicinal plants, and herbal bioactive compounds, particularly curcumin, anthocyanins, resveratrol, soy, walnut, and dihydromyricetin can be used as adjunct or complementary therapeutic agents to increase plasma adiponectin, which could potentially prevent and treat NCDs.
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Mandalari G, Barreca D, Gervasi T, Roussell MA, Klein B, Feeney MJ, Carughi A. Pistachio Nuts ( Pistacia vera L.): Production, Nutrients, Bioactives and Novel Health Effects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010018. [PMID: 35009022 PMCID: PMC8747606 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies have indicated positive outcomes related to tree nut consumption. Here, we review the production, nutrient, phytochemical composition and emerging research trends on the health benefits of pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.). Pistachios are a good source of protein, fiber, monounsaturated fatty acids, minerals and vitamins, as well as carotenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Polyphenols in pistachios are important contributors to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect, as demonstrated in vitro and in vivo through animal studies and clinical trials. The antimicrobial and antiviral potential of pistachio polyphenols has also been assessed and could help overcome drug resistance. Pistachio consumption may play a role in cognitive function and has been associated with a positive modulation of the human gut microbiota and beneficial effects on skin health. Pistachio polyphenol extracts may affect enzymes involved in glucose regulation and so type 2 diabetes. Taken together, these data demonstrate the health benefits of including pistachios in the diet. Further studies are required to investigate the mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Teresa Gervasi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | | | - Bob Klein
- California Pistachio Research Board, Fresno, CA 93727, USA;
| | - Mary Jo Feeney
- Consultant to the Food and Agriculture Industries, Los Altos Hills, CA 94024, USA;
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hadi A, Asbaghi O, Kazemi M, Haghighian HK, Pantovic A, Ghaedi E, Abolhasani Zadeh F. Consumption of pistachio nuts positively affects lipid profiles: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-14. [PMID: 34933637 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2018569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effects of consuming pistachio nuts on lipid profiles (total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], and triglyceride [TG]). Databases of PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to June 2019 to identify RCTs documenting the effects of consuming pistachio nuts on blood lipid profiles in adults. Effect sizes were reported as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects models (DerSimonian-Laird method). Twelve eligible RCTs were included. Consumption of pistachio nuts decreased TC (WMD: -7.48 mg/dL; 95% CI, -12.62 to -2.34), LDL-C (WMD: -3.82 mg/dL; 95% CI, -5.49 to -2.16) and TG (WMD: -11.19 mg/dL; 95% CI, -14.21 to -8.17) levels. However, HDL-cholesterol levels (WMD: 2.45 mg/dL; 95% CI, -2.44 to 7.33) did not change following pistachio consumption. Consuming pistachio nuts may improve lipid profiles (TC, LDL-C, TG) in adults and may be protective against cardiometabolic diseases. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kazemi
- Human Metabolic Research Unit, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Hossein Khadem Haghighian
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of on-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ana Pantovic
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ghanavati M, Nasrollahzadeh J. A calorie-restricted diet enriched with tree nuts and peanuts reduces the expression of CX3CR1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with coronary artery disease. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2021. [PMID: 34794330 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: The modification of the gut microbiome has been proposed to alter immune response which is a key driver in low-grade inflammation as well as metabolic markers. This study was conducted to determine the effects of a low-calorie diet with and without nuts on some gut bacterial abundance, metabolic markers, and gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in stable coronary artery disease patients with overweight or obesity. Methods: Overweight or obese patients with stable coronary artery disease of both genders were randomly allocated to a nut-free calorie-restricted diet as 25% of energy deficit (CRD) or a CRD enriched with 39-60 gr/d of mixed nuts (CRDEN) for 8 weeks (32 patients in CRD and 35 patients in CRDEN). Mixed nuts consisted of equal amounts of unsalted pistachios, almonds, and peanuts. Microbiota analysis was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method on feces collected before and after the intervention, using primers targeting 16S ribosomal DNA of 4 different bacterial genera, including Bacteroides, Prevotella, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus. We examined the plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, adiponectin as well as expression of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) in PBMCs. Results: A significant reduction in expression of CX3CR1 (p=0.04) and a tendency to lower expression of TLR4 in PBMCs (p=0.06) was observed in the CRDEN group at the end of the study compared to the CRD group. The abundance of fecal Prevotella also tended to increase in CRDEN compared to the CRD group (p=0.06). Plasma insulin and adiponectin had no significant changes. There was a positive correlation between fecal Prevotella abundance and plasma adiponectin at baseline (r=0.315, p=0.015) and the end of the study (r=0.380, p=0.003). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the inclusion of mixed tree nuts and peanuts in a low-calorie diet for 8 weeks led to a lower CX3CR expression in PBMCs in a cohort of overweight or obese patients with stable CAD. This finding provides another beneficial effect of diet supplemented with nuts on factors associated with inflammation. Trial registration: this clinical study has been registered at the clinical trial registration center (clinicaltrial.gov): NCT04078919 on September 6, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matin Ghanavati
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Nasrollahzadeh
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jayawardena R, Sooriyaarachchi P, Misra A. Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome in South Asians: prevention and management. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2021; 16:339-349. [PMID: 34586004 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2021.1982381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and abdominal obesity are escalating in South Asian countries. It is well established that MetS is associated with increased risk for both Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. South Asians have an increased risk of MetS due to a variety of factors including unhealthy lifestyle and their unique body composition. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the prevalence, associated risk factors, and evidence-based preventive and curative strategies for MetS and abdominal obesity in South Asians. A literature search through PubMed®, Web of Science®, and Scopus® was performed for studies published before 31st April 2021. A combination of the following keywords was used with the names of the individual South Asian countries: 'metabolic syndrome,' 'syndrome X,' 'abdominal obesity,' 'central obesity,' 'visceral obesity,' 'prevention,' and 'management.' EXPERT OPINION According to current evidence, MetS and abdominal obesity are highly prevalent among South Asians. Several risk factors, such as lifestyle, socio-demography, cultural, and body composition, are associated with MetS. Limited research shows culturally tailored lifestyle interventions are effective in preventing and managing MetS and abdominal obesity among South Asians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranil Jayawardena
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Piumika Sooriyaarachchi
- School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis-C-DOC Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, Chirag Enclave, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nishi SK, Viguiliouk E, Blanco Mejia S, Kendall CWC, Bazinet RP, Hanley AJ, Comelli EM, Salas Salvadó J, Jenkins DJA, Sievenpiper JL. Are fatty nuts a weighty concern? A systematic review and meta-analysis and dose-response meta-regression of prospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13330. [PMID: 34494363 PMCID: PMC9285885 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nuts are recommended for cardiovascular health, yet concerns remain that nuts may contribute to weight gain due to their high energy density. A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to update the evidence, provide a dose-response analysis, and assess differences in nut type, comparator and more in subgroup analyses. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane were searched, along with manual searches. Data from eligible studies were pooled using meta-analysis methods. Interstudy heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q statistic) and quantified (I2 statistic). Certainty of the evidence was assessed by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Six prospective cohort studies (7 unique cohorts, n = 569,910) and 86 RCTs (114 comparisons, n = 5873) met eligibility criteria. Nuts were associated with lower incidence of overweight/obesity (RR 0.93 [95% CI 0.88 to 0.98] P < 0.001, "moderate" certainty of evidence) in prospective cohorts. RCTs presented no adverse effect of nuts on body weight (MD 0.09 kg, [95% CI -0.09 to 0.27 kg] P < 0.001, "high" certainty of evidence). Meta-regression showed that higher nut intake was associated with reductions in body weight and body fat. Current evidence demonstrates the concern that nut consumption contributes to increased adiposity appears unwarranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K Nishi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Biomedical Research Centre for Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition Network (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Effie Viguiliouk
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cyril W C Kendall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena M Comelli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordi Salas Salvadó
- Biomedical Research Centre for Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition Network (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - David J A Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Snacking on Almonds Lowers Glycaemia and Energy Intake Compared to a Popular High-Carbohydrate Snack Food: An Acute Randomised Crossover Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010989. [PMID: 34682735 PMCID: PMC8535760 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Consuming nuts may have advantages over other snack foods for health and body-weight regulation. Suggested mechanisms include increased satiety and lower glycaemia. We used an acute randomised crossover trial to assess glycaemic and appetite responses to consuming two isocaloric snacks (providing 10% of participants’ total energy requirements or 1030 kJ (equivalent to 42.5 g almonds), whichever provided greater energy): raw almonds and sweet biscuits among 100 participants with available data (25 males and 75 females) following 106 being randomised. Two hours after consuming a standardised breakfast, participants consumed the snack food. Finger-prick blood samples measuring blood glucose and subjective appetite ratings using visual analogue scales were taken at baseline and at 15 or 30 min intervals after consumption. Two hours after snack consumption, an ad libitum lunch was offered to participants and consumption was recorded. Participants also recorded food intake for the remainder of the day. The mean area under the blood glucose response curve was statistically and practically significantly lower for almonds than biscuits (mean (95% CI) difference: 53 mmol/L.min (45, 61), p < 0.001). Only the composite appetite score at 90 min was higher in the almond treatment compared to the biscuit treatment (45.7 mm vs. 42.4 mm, p = 0.035 without adjustment for multiple comparisons). There was no evidence of differences between the snacks for all other appetite ratings or for energy intake at the ad libitum lunch. However, mean energy intakes following snack consumption were significantly lower, both statistically and in practical terms, for the almond treatment compared to the biscuit (mean (95% CI) diff: 638 kJ (44, 1233), p = 0.035). Replacing popular snacks with almonds may have advantages in terms of glycaemia and energy balance.
Collapse
|
36
|
Higgs J, Styles K, Carughi A, Roussell MA, Bellisle F, Elsner W, Li Z. Plant-based snacking: research and practical applications of pistachios for health benefits. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e87. [PMID: 34733499 PMCID: PMC8532077 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pistachio nuts are a nutrient-dense source of good quality plant protein, commonly consumed as a minimally processed snack food or ingredient. The present paper is based on a symposium held during the 13th FENS (Federation of European Nutrition Societies) 2019 conference in Dublin that explored recent research and practical applications of pistachios as a plant-based snack, in particular, for appetite control and healthy weight management; and for glycaemic control during pregnancy. Individual nut types, whilst similar in nutritional composition, have unique characteristics which may have a significant impact on potential health effects. Recognising this, the further purpose here is to explore future research needs for pistachios, based on work completed to date and the discussion that ensued among researchers at this event, in order to advance the full scope of health benefits from pistachios, in particular, taking into account of both sustainability and nutritional health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wiebke Elsner
- Berufsakademie Nord, University of cooperative Education, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Effects of pistachios on anthropometric indices, inflammatory markers, endothelial function and blood pressure in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:718-729. [PMID: 33198823 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520004523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that eating nuts may reduce the risk of CVD. This study was intended to pool the data of all randomised controlled trials (RCT) available to determine if pistachios confer a beneficial effect on anthropometric indices, inflammatory markers, endothelial dysfunction and blood pressure. Without language restriction, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched for articles published from the earliest records to June 2019 investigating the effect of pistachio consumption on inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. Mean difference (MD) was pooled using a random effects model. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. The meta-analysis of thirteen RCT with 563 participants indicated that pistachio consumption significantly decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) (MD: -2·12 mmHg, 95 % CI -3·65, -0·59, P = 0·007), whereas changes in flow-mediated dilation (MD: 0·94 %, 95 % CI -0·99, 2·86, P = 0·813), diastolic blood pressure (MD: 0·32 mmHg, 95 % CI -1·37, 2·02, P = 0·707), C-reactive protein (MD: 0·00 mg/l, 95 % CI -0·21, 0·23, P = 0·942), TNF-α (MD: -0·09 pg/ml, 95 % CI -0·38, 0·20, P = 0·541), body weight (MD: 0·09 kg, 95 % CI -0·38, 0·69, P = 0·697), BMI (MD: 0·07 kg/m2, 95 % CI -0·16, 0·31, P = 0·553) and waist circumference (MD: 0·77 cm, 95 % CI -0·09, 1·64, P = 0·140) were not statistically significant. This systematic review and meta-analysis suggested the efficacy of pistachio consumption to reduce SBP levels. However, further large-scale studies are needed to confirm these results.
Collapse
|
38
|
Is a Handful an Effective Way to Guide Nut Recommendations? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157812. [PMID: 34360105 PMCID: PMC8345392 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dietary guidelines recommend consuming 30 g of nuts per day to reduce the risk of chronic disease. A 'handful' is commonly used to guide consumers. Research is lacking on how this translates into actual gram amounts. This study quantified the grams of nuts represented by different portion size measures, including a 'handful' and '30 g serving' among 120 participants. Each participant was randomised to a sequence where they received three of six different nut types (from almonds, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamias, peanuts, and walnuts) and were instructed to take a: 'usual serving', 'handful', 'small handful', 'large handful', and '30 g serving' of each. Combining all nut types, the median 'handful' was 36.3 g, compared to 28.7 g for the estimated '30 g serving' and 24.8 for the 'usual serving'. The 'large handful' was approximately double the 'handful' (61.3 g), whereas the 'small handful' was about half (16.7 g). Eighty-three percent of portions chosen were at least 80% of the recommended 30 g intake when participants were asked to take a 'handful', compared to 63% for the '30 g serving'. It appears a 'handful' can be used as a practical tool to guide recommended nut intakes, and increases the amount selected compared to instructions to take a '30 g serving'.
Collapse
|
39
|
Fernández-Rodríguez R, Mesas AE, Garrido-Miguel M, Martínez-Ortega IA, Jiménez-López E, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. The Relationship of Tree Nuts and Peanuts with Adiposity Parameters: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072251. [PMID: 34208812 PMCID: PMC8308485 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The network meta-analysis and systematic review conducted aim to comparatively assess the effects of tree nuts and peanuts on body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat percentage (BF%). A systematic search up to 31 December 2020 was performed. A random-effects network meta-analysis was conducted following the PRISMA-NMA statement. A total of 105 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with measures of BW (n = 6768 participants), BMI (n = 2918), WC (n = 5045), and BF% (n = 1226) were included. The transitivity assumption was met based on baseline characteristics. In the comparisons of nut consumption versus a control diet, there was no significant increase observed in any of the adiposity-related measures examined except for hazelnut-enriched diets, which raised WC. Moreover, almond-enriched diets significantly reduced WC compared to the control diet and to the pistachio-, mixed nuts-, and hazelnut-enriched diets. In subgroup analyses with only RCTs, designed to assess whether nut consumption affected weight loss, almonds were associated with reduced BMI and walnuts with reduced %BF. The evidence supports that: (1) tree nut and peanut consumption do not influence adiposity, and (2) compared to a control diet, the consumption of almond-enriched diets was associated with a reduced waist circumference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (I.A.M.-O.); (E.J.-L.); (V.M.-V.)
| | - Arthur E. Mesas
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (I.A.M.-O.); (E.J.-L.); (V.M.-V.)
- Health Science Centre, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-969179100 (ext. 4686)
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (I.A.M.-O.); (E.J.-L.); (V.M.-V.)
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Isabel A. Martínez-Ortega
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (I.A.M.-O.); (E.J.-L.); (V.M.-V.)
| | - Estela Jiménez-López
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (I.A.M.-O.); (E.J.-L.); (V.M.-V.)
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (I.A.M.-O.); (E.J.-L.); (V.M.-V.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 1101, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
The Effect of Baru ( Dypterix alata Vog.) Almond Oil on Markers of Bowel Habits in Hemodialysis Patients. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:3187305. [PMID: 34135977 PMCID: PMC8175138 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3187305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in patients in hemodialysis treatment and were frequently associated with low intake of dietary fibers and liquids, oral iron supplementation, phosphate binders, and low level of physical activity. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of baru almond oil in comparison with mineral oil supplementation on bowel habits of hemodialysis patients. Thirty-five patients on hemodialysis (57% men, 49.9 ± 12.4 years) were enrolled in a 12-week single-blind clinical trial. Patients were allocated (1 : 2) by sex and age into (1) the mineral group: 10 capsules per day of mineral oil (500 mg each) or (2) the baru almond oil group: 10 capsules per day of baru almond oil (500 mg each). Bowel habits were assessed by the Rome IV criteria, Bristol scale, and self-perception of constipation. Food consumption, physical activity level, and time spent sitting were also evaluated at the baseline and at the end of the study. After 12 weeks of supplementation, the baru almond oil group showed reduced Rome IV score (6.1 ± 5.5 vs 2.8 ± 4.3, p=0.04) and the straining on the evacuation score (1.2 ± 1.4 vs 0.4 ± 0.7; p=0.04), while the mineral group did not show any change in the parameters. The frequency of self-perception of constipation was lower in the baru almond oil group after intervention (45.0% vs 15.0%, p=0.04). Baru almond oil improved bowel habit and the straining on evacuation in hemodialysis patients.
Collapse
|
41
|
Muley A, Fernandez R, Ellwood L, Muley P, Shah M. Effect of tree nuts on glycemic outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. JBI Evid Synth 2021; 19:966-1002. [PMID: 33141798 DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-d-19-00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to synthesize the best available research evidence regarding the effectiveness of tree nuts on glycemic outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. INTRODUCTION There has been an increase in the use of complementary therapy, particularly botanical products, for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has been reported that increasing mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids in diet effectively lowers the risk of development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hence, it was hypothesized that consumption of nuts, which are high in polyunsaturated fatty acids and mono-unsaturated fatty acids, may aid in preventing diabetes and reducing levels of blood glucose by reducing glycemic load by displacing dietary carbohydrates present in diet. INCLUSION CRITERIA This systematic review included randomized controlled trials that compared the consumption of any type and form of tree nut with a placebo or any other intervention in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Trials were included if they measured fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and/or glycated hemoglobin. Trials that assessed triglyceride levels and weight postintervention were also considered for inclusion. Trials were restricted to the English language. METHODS A three step search of PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Trip database, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) was done in July 2019. To find unpublished studies, ClinicalTrials.gov and Google Scholar were searched. Studies from the search were reviewed against the inclusion criteria by two reviewers. The JBI critical appraisal checklist for randomized controlled trials was used to assess the potential studies for methodological quality. A meta-analysis and subgroup analysis was conducted among trials with the same type of intervention and outcome measures. Results are presented in a narrative format where statistical pooling was not possible. RESULTS Fifteen trials were included with a total sample size of 667. Consumption of pistachios demonstrated a significant reduction in triglyceride levels (mmol/L) at three month or earlier follow-up (mean difference [MD] -0.28; confidence interval -0.33, -0.23; P <0.00001). The meta-analysis including all tree nuts combined showed reduction in both fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (MD -0.26 mmol/L and -0.11% respectively) at three month or earlier follow-up. The subgroup analysis demonstrated MD of -0.45, -0.16, and -0.90 mmol/L in fasting blood glucose following ingestion of walnuts, almonds, and hazelnuts, respectively, and -0.17% in glycated hemoglobin following ingestion of walnuts at three month or earlier follow-up. Although not clinically significant, these figures give an indication that further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up may show encouraging results. CONCLUSIONS The authors found that pistachio consumption for three months or less significantly reduced triglyceride levels. Other tree nuts (walnuts, almonds, and hazelnuts) reduced fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels by varying degrees. Further robust randomized controlled trials with power calculation-based sample size, comparing same type, dose, and method of nut intervention, will provide more evidence. For now, clinical decisions should be based on standard practice local guidelines. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42019133558.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arti Muley
- Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Centre for Evidence Based Health Care: A JBI Affiliated Group, Vadodara, India
| | - Ritin Fernandez
- Centre for Evidence Based Initiatives in Health Care: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Research in Nursing and Health, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura Ellwood
- Centre for Evidence Based Initiatives in Health Care: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Research in Nursing and Health, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Prasad Muley
- Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Centre for Evidence Based Health Care: A JBI Affiliated Group, Vadodara, India
| | - Monali Shah
- Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Centre for Evidence Based Health Care: A JBI Affiliated Group, Vadodara, India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Luvián-Morales J, Varela-Castillo FO, Flores-Cisneros L, Cetina-Pérez L, Castro-Eguiluz D. Functional foods modulating inflammation and metabolism in chronic diseases: a systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4371-4392. [PMID: 33506690 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1875189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diseases are responsible for approximately 71% global deaths. These are characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and metabolic alterations. "Functional foods" have been attributed with anti-inflammatory properties, demonstrated in cell lines and murine models; however, studies in humans are inconclusive. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify clinical trials that analyzed changes in inflammatory and metabolic mediators, in response to consumption of specific functional foods. A total of 3581 trials were screened and 88 were included for this review. Foods identified to regulate inflammation included cranberries, grapes, pomegranate, strawberries, wheat, whole grain products, low fat dairy products, yogurt, green tea, cardamom, turmeric, soy foods, almonds, chia seeds, flaxseed, pistachios, algae oil, flaxseed oil and grape seed oil. Clinical trials that focus on a dietary pattern rich in functional foods are necessary to explore if the additive effect of these foods lead to more clinically relevant outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julissa Luvián-Morales
- Department of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Postgraduate Unit, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Laura Flores-Cisneros
- Department of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Postgraduate Unit, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lucely Cetina-Pérez
- Department of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Denisse Castro-Eguiluz
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) - Department of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mohammadifard N, Ghaderian N, Hassannejad R, Sajjadi F, Sadeghi M, Roohafza H, Salas-Salvadó J, Sarrafzadegan N. Longitudinal Association of Nut Consumption and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events: A Prospective Cohort Study in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Front Nutr 2021; 7:610467. [PMID: 33553230 PMCID: PMC7859480 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.610467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: There are few pieces of evidence on the association between nut consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This study investigated the relationship of nut consumption with the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality in the Iranian population. Methods and Results: This population-based prospective cohort study was carried out in 6,504 randomly selected participants aged ≥35 years in central Iran (2001–2013) in the framework of the Isfahan Cohort Study. Dietary data were collected by a validated 48-item food frequency questionnaire. Subjects or their next of kin were interviewed biannually, looking for the possible occurrence of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. During the median follow-up of 135 months and 52,704.3 person-years, we found a total of 751 CVD events. In unadjusted model, participants in the highest quartile of nut intake had a lower CVD risk {hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.57(0.47–0.70); P for trend < 0.001}, CVD mortality [HR (95% CI): 0.54 (0.33–0.72); P for trend < 0.001], and all-cause mortality [HR (95% CI): 0.24 (0.14–0.42); P for trend < 0.001]. In the fully adjusted model, the association was diluted, and no significant relationship was found between nut intake and CVD events and all-cause mortality, except for CVD mortality in the highest quartile vs. the lowest one [HR (95% CI): 0.55 (0.30–0.98)]. Conclusion: Nut intake had an inverse association with the risk of CVD mortality. It is suggested to perform studies to examine the association of individual types of nuts and different preparation methods on CVD risk and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Mohammadifard
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Niloufar Ghaderian
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Razieh Hassannejad
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Firouzeh Sajjadi
- Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Roohafza
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Effect of a nut-enriched low-calorie diet on body weight and selected markers of inflammation in overweight and obese stable coronary artery disease patients: a randomized controlled study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 75:1099-1108. [PMID: 33420472 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00819-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Weight loss through a low-calorie diet (LCD) could improve low-grade inflammation evident in the obese state. Few studies have evaluated the effect of the mixed nuts consumption in the context of a LCD on inflammatory biomarkers. This study compared the effects of a nut-enriched LCD (NELCD) with a nut-free LCD (NFLCD) on body weight and inflammatory markers in overweight or obese coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. SUBJECTS/METHOD In this randomized controlled parallel trial, patients with stable CAD of both genders were randomly allocated to 8-week NELCD or NFLCD. Body weight, plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks. RESULTS Overall, 67 patients (aged 58.8 ± 7.4 years; BMI 30.9 ± 3.9 kg/m2) completed the study. Participants in both groups lost weight to a comparable extent. Patients in the NELCD group showed a decrease in ICAM-1 (p = 0.04) and IL-6 (p = 0.02) concentrations compared to NFLCD group. No significant difference in concentrations of MCP-1, IL-10, or CRP was observed between diet groups. CONCLUSIONS Nuts are healthy energy-dense foods that if included in controlled amounts in a weight management program can still result in weight reduction and may improve some plasma concentration of inflammatory factors, such as ICAM-1 and IL-6.
Collapse
|
45
|
Fyfe S, Smyth HE, Schirra HJ, Rychlik M, Sultanbawa Y. The Nutritional Potential of the Native Australian Green Plum ( Buchanania obovata) Compared to Other Anacardiaceae Fruit and Nuts. Front Nutr 2020; 7:600215. [PMID: 33392239 PMCID: PMC7772180 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.600215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The native Australian green plum (Buchanania obovata) is a small fruit that grows in the northern parts of the Northern Territory and Western Australia. The fruit belongs to the family Anacardiaceae, which includes the other agriculturally important fruit mangoes, pistachios and cashew nuts. The green plum is a favored species of fruit for the Aboriginal communities and an important bush food in the Northern Territory. To date, only minimal scientific studies have been performed on the green plum as a food. This review is about plant foods in the family Anacardiaceae and the key nutritional compounds that occur in these fruit and nuts. It looks at the more traditional nutrient profiles, some key health metabolites, allergens and anti-nutrients that occur, and the role these foods play in the health of populations. This provides a guide for future studies of the green plum to show what nutritional and anti-nutritional properties and compounds should be analyzed and if there are areas where future studies should focus. This review includes an update on studies and analysis of the green plum and how its nutritional properties give it potential as a food for diet diversification in Australia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selina Fyfe
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia
| | - Heather E. Smyth
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Michael Rychlik
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Yasmina Sultanbawa
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Julibert A, Del Mar Bibiloni M, Gallardo-Alfaro L, Abbate M, Martínez-González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Fitó M, Martínez JA, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Wärnberg J, Vioque J, Romaguera D, Lopez-Miranda J, Estruch R, Tinahones FJ, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem L, Cano-Ibañez N, Martín-Sánchez V, Pintó X, Gaforio JJ, Matía-Martín P, Vidal J, Vázquez C, Daimiel L, Ros E, Sayon-Orea C, Becerra-Tomás N, Gimenez-Alba IM, Castañer O, Abete I, Tojal-Sierra L, Pérez-López J, Notario-Barandiaran L, Colom A, Garcia-Rios A, Castro-Barquero S, Bernal R, Santos-Lozano JM, Fernández-Lázaro CI, Hernández-Alonso P, Saiz C, Zomeño MD, Zulet MA, Belló-Mora MC, Basterra-Gortari J, Canudas S, Goday A, Tur JA. Metabolic Syndrome Features and Excess Weight Were Inversely Associated with Nut Consumption after 1-Year Follow-Up in the PREDIMED-Plus Study. J Nutr 2020; 150:3161-3170. [PMID: 33300039 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High nut consumption has been previously associated with decreased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) regardless of race and dietary patterns. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess whether changes in nut consumption over a 1-y follow-up are associated with changes in features of MetS in a middle-aged and older Spanish population at high cardiovascular disease risk. METHODS This prospective 1-y follow-up cohort study, conducted in the framework of the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED)-Plus randomized trial, included 5800 men and women (55-75 y old) with overweight/obesity [BMI (in kg/m2) ≥27 and <40] and MetS. Nut consumption (almonds, pistachios, walnuts, and other nuts) was assessed using data from a validated FFQ. The primary outcome was the change from baseline to 1 y in features of MetS [waist circumference (WC), glycemia, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure] and excess weight (body weight and BMI) according to tertiles of change in nut consumption. Secondary outcomes included changes in dietary and lifestyle characteristics. A generalized linear model was used to compare 1-y changes in features of MetS, weight, dietary intakes, and lifestyle characteristics across tertiles of change in nut consumption. RESULTS As nut consumption increased, between each tertile there was a significant decrease in WC, TG, systolic blood pressure, weight, and BMI (P < 0.05), and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol (only in women, P = 0.044). The interaction effect between time and group was significant for total energy intake (P < 0.001), adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) (P < 0.001), and nut consumption (P < 0.001). Across tertiles of increasing nut consumption there was a significant increase in extra virgin olive oil intake and adherence to the MedDiet; change in energy intake, on the other hand, was inversely related to consumption of nuts. CONCLUSIONS Features of MetS and excess weight were inversely associated with nut consumption after a 1-y follow-up in the PREDIMED-Plus study cohort. This trial was registered at isrctn.com as ISRCTN89898870.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Julibert
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Maria Del Mar Bibiloni
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Laura Gallardo-Alfaro
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Manuela Abbate
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miguel Á Martínez-González
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Pere Virgili Medical Research Institute (IISPV), Sant Joan University Hospital, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Montse Fitó
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Cardiometabolics Nutrition Program, Madrid Institute for Advanced Research (IMDEA) Food, Excellence International Campus, Autonomous University of Madrid and Higher Council of Scientific Research (CEI UAM + CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ángel M Alonso-Gómez
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cardiology, OSI ARABA, University Hospital Araba, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- Alicante Health and Biomedical Research Institute and Miguel Hernández University (ISABIAL-UMH),Alicante, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Lopez-Miranda
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Clinic Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Sevilla Primary Health Care District, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Naomi Cano-Ibañez
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín-Sánchez
- CIBER Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Leon, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José J Gaforio
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Health Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain
| | - Pilar Matía-Martín
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, San Carlos Hospital Health Research Institute (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- Department of Endocrinology, August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Clinic Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clotilde Vázquez
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology, Jiménez-Díaz Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, Madrid Institute for Advanced Research (IMDEA) Food, Excellence International Campus, Autonomous University of Madrid and Higher Council of Scientific Research (CEI UAM + CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Clinic Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sayon-Orea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Health Service, Osasunbidea, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Becerra-Tomás
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Pere Virgili Medical Research Institute (IISPV), Sant Joan University Hospital, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Ignacio M Gimenez-Alba
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itziar Abete
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lucas Tojal-Sierra
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cardiology, OSI ARABA, University Hospital Araba, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jéssica Pérez-López
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Leyre Notario-Barandiaran
- Alicante Health and Biomedical Research Institute and Miguel Hernández University (ISABIAL-UMH),Alicante, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Colom
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Garcia-Rios
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sara Castro-Barquero
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Clinic Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Bernal
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José M Santos-Lozano
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Sevilla Primary Health Care District, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cesar I Fernández-Lázaro
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pablo Hernández-Alonso
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Pere Virgili Medical Research Institute (IISPV), Sant Joan University Hospital, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Carmen Saiz
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria D Zomeño
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria A Zulet
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria C Belló-Mora
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cardiology, OSI ARABA, University Hospital Araba, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Javier Basterra-Gortari
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Health Service, Osasunbidea, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvia Canudas
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Pere Virgili Medical Research Institute (IISPV), Sant Joan University Hospital, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Albert Goday
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Schincaglia RM, Cuppari L, Neri HFS, Cintra DE, Sant'Ana MR, Mota JF. Effects of baru almond oil (Dipteryx alata Vog.) supplementation on body composition, inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid profile, and plasma fatty acids of hemodialysis patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2020; 52:102479. [PMID: 32951729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of nuts and edible seeds is associated with the improvement of the metabolic profile and reduction of cardiovascular diseases. However, the effects of its subproducts, such as oil, are still poorly studied. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the baru almond oil supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, body composition, lipid profile, and plasma fatty acids of hemodialysis patients. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, 12-week placebo-controlled clinical study, hemodialysis patients were supplemented with 5 g of baru oil (BG, n = 17) or 5 g of mineral oil (placebo, BP, n = 12). Body composition, renal function, ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (us-CRP), oxidative stress, plasma fatty acids, and lipid profile were analysed before and after the intervention. RESULTS Patients were aged 50.5 ± 2.2 years and the average time of dialyses was 52,1 ± 42,6 months. The BG decreased us-CRP concentration compared to PG (-1.2 ± 0.2 vs. + 0.8 ± 0.2 mg / L,d = 0.88; p = 0.01). Baru almond oil supplementation was not effective in improving body composition, lipid profile, and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Baru almond oil supplementation decreased us-CRP concentration in patients with chronic kidney disease under hemodialysis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel M Schincaglia
- Laboratório de investigação em nutrição clínica e exercício (Labince), Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, 74605-080, Brazil
| | - Lilian Cuppari
- Departamento de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo e Fundação Oswaldo Ramos, São Paulo, SP, 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Hiasmin F S Neri
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Bioquímica e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológica, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, 74690-090, Brazil
| | - Dennys E Cintra
- Laboratório de Genômica Nutricional (LabGeN), Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Marcella R Sant'Ana
- Laboratório de Genômica Nutricional (LabGeN), Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, 13484-350, Brazil
| | - João F Mota
- Laboratório de investigação em nutrição clínica e exercício (Labince), Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, 74605-080, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pistachios and cardiometabolic risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Complement Ther Med 2020; 52:102513. [PMID: 32951758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous experimental studies have reported that pistachios can elicit positive effects on lipid profile, blood pressure, and inflammation; however, a meta-analysis of the available evidence has yet to be performed. OBJECTIVE the aim of this study was to conduct systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of pistachio enriched diets on cardiometabolic risk factors, such as weight, BMI, blood pressure, serum lipids, blood glucose, and inflammatory biomarkers. DESIGN A literature search was carried out for RCTs in medical databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases, with no time limitation up to August 2019, and conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. RESULTS 11 RCTs, with 506 participants, that reported the effect of pistachios consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Our findings indicated that pistachios consumption significantly reduced FBS (WMD: -3.73, 95 % CI: -6.99, -0.46, I2 = 99 %), TC/HDL (WMD: -0.46, 95 % CI: -0.76, -0.15, I2 = 95 %), LDL/HDL (WMD: -0.24, 95 % CI: -0.38, -0.11, I2 = 96 %), HbA1C (WMD: -0.14, 95 % CI: -0.26, -0.02, I2 = 60 %), Insulin (WMD: -2.43, 95 % CI: -4.85, -0.001, I2 = 58 %), SBP (WMD: -3.10, 95 % CI: -5.35, -0.85, I2 = 63 %), and MDA (WMD: -0.36, 95 % CI: -0.49, -0.23, I2 = 0%). Importantly, we did not observe adverse effects of pistachios consumption on BMI or blood pressure. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates that pistachios consumption can elicit a beneficial effect on some cardiometabolic risk factors. All previous clinical studies are well designed but some points have still remained unclear including the effects of different pistachios dosages on cardio metabolic risk factors and efficacy of pistachios consumption in preventing endothelial dysfunction. Further examination is required to determine the effect of pistachios consumption on further endothelial function risk factors.
Collapse
|
49
|
Guarneiri LL, Cooper JA. Intake of Nuts or Nut Products Does Not Lead to Weight Gain, Independent of Dietary Substitution Instructions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. Adv Nutr 2020; 12:384-401. [PMID: 32945861 PMCID: PMC8009751 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several clinical interventions report that consuming nuts will not cause weight gain. However, it is unclear if the type of instructions provided for how to incorporate nuts into the diet impacts weight outcomes. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published nut-feeding trials with and without dietary substitution instructions to determine if there are changes in body weight (BW) or composition. PubMed and Web of Science were searched through 31 December 2019 for clinical trials involving the daily consumption of nuts or nut-based snacks/meals by adults (≥18 y) for >3 wk that reported BW, BMI, waist circumference (WC), or total body fat percentage (BF%). Each study was categorized by whether or not it contained dietary substitution instructions. Within these 2 categories, an aggregated mean effect size and 95% CI was produced using a fixed-effects model. Quality of studies was assessed through the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Fifty-five studies were included in the meta-analysis. In studies without dietary substitution instructions, there was no change in BW [standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.01 kg; 95% CI: -0.07, 0.08; I2 = 0%] or BF% (SMD: -0.05%; 95% CI: -0.19, 0.09; I2 = 0%). In studies with dietary substitution instructions, there was no change in BW (SMD: -0.01 kg; 95% CI: -0.11, 0.09; I2 = 0%); however, there was a significant decrease in BF% (SMD: -0.32%; 95% CI: -0.61%, -0.03%; I2 = 35.4%; P < 0.05). There was no change in BMI or WC for either category of studies. Nut-enriched diet interventions did not result in changes in BW, BMI, or WC in studies either with or without substitution instructions. Slight decreases in BF% may occur if substitution instructions are used, but more research is needed. Limitations included varying methodologies between included studies and the frequency of unreported outcome variables in excluded studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liana L Guarneiri
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nowrouzi-Sohrabi P, Hassanipour S, Sisakht M, Daryabeygi-Khotbehsara R, Savardashtaki A, Fathalipour M. The effectiveness of pistachio on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes, prediabetes and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1589-1595. [PMID: 32947760 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pistachio nuts have been considered to improve dysglycemia. However, there are controversial results. This systematic review and meta-analysis carried out to evaluate the effects of pistachio nuts on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), prediabetes, and metabolic syndrome. METHODS Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Cochrane library, and ScienceDirect were systematically searched to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist was used to conduct the study. RESULTS Six RCTs were included in the review. Treatment with pistachio nuts exerted a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose (FBG) level (OR = 1.7, 95% CI; 1.2-2.4, P = 0.002, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.731) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index (OR = 1.5, 95% CI; 1.0-2.4, P = 0.043, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.617), but no significant improvement was observed in regard to hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level (OR = 1.4, 95% CI; 0.9-2.1 P = 0.089, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.957) and fasting plasma insulin (FPI) level (OR = 1.3, 95% CI; 0.9-1.9, P = 0.133, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.776). CONCLUSIONS Pistachio nuts might cause a significant reduction in FBG and HOMA-IR, although HbA1c and FPI might not significantly improve in patients suffering from or at risk of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sisakht
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fathalipour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolic Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|