1
|
Yao L, Chemaitelly H, Goldman E, Gudina EK, Khalil A, Ahmed R, James AB, Roca A, Fallah MP, Macnab A, Cho WC, Eikelboom J, Qamar FN, Kremsner P, Oliu-Barton M, Sisa I, Tadesse BT, Marks F, Wang L, Kim JH, Meng X, Wang Y, Fly AD, Wang CY, Day SW, Howard SC, Graff JC, Maida M, Ray K, Franco-Paredes C, Mashe T, Ngongo N, Kaseya J, Ndembi N, Hu Y, Bottazzi ME, Hotez PJ, Ishii KJ, Wang G, Sun D, Aleya L, Gu W. Time to establish an international vaccine candidate pool for potential highly infectious respiratory disease: a community's view. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 64:102222. [PMID: 37811488 PMCID: PMC10550631 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In counteracting highly infectious and disruptive respiratory diseases such as COVID-19, vaccination remains the primary and safest way to prevent disease, reduce the severity of illness, and save lives. Unfortunately, vaccination is often not the first intervention deployed for a new pandemic, as it takes time to develop and test vaccines, and confirmation of safety requires a period of observation after vaccination to detect potential late-onset vaccine-associated adverse events. In the meantime, nonpharmacologic public health interventions such as mask-wearing and social distancing can provide some degree of protection. As climate change, with its environmental impacts on pathogen evolution and international mobility continue to rise, highly infectious respiratory diseases will likely emerge more frequently and their impact is expected to be substantial. How quickly a safe and efficacious vaccine can be deployed against rising infectious respiratory diseases may be the most important challenge that humanity will face in the near future. While some organizations are engaged in addressing the World Health Organization's "blueprint for priority diseases", the lack of worldwide preparedness, and the uncertainty around universal vaccine availability, remain major concerns. We therefore propose the establishment of an international candidate vaccine pool repository for potential respiratory diseases, supported by multiple stakeholders and countries that contribute facilities, technologies, and other medical and financial resources. The types and categories of candidate vaccines can be determined based on information from previous pandemics and epidemics. Each participant country or region can focus on developing one or a few vaccine types or categories, together covering most if not all possible potential infectious diseases. The safety of these vaccines can be tested using animal models. Information for effective candidates that can be potentially applied to humans will then be shared across all participants. When a new pandemic arises, these pre-selected and tested vaccines can be quickly tested in RCTs for human populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Hiam Chemaitelly
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emanuel Goldman
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Esayas Kebede Gudina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jimma University Institute of Health, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Asma Khalil
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George’s Hospital, St George’s University of London, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London, UK
| | - Rahaman Ahmed
- Cell Biology and Genetics Department, University of Lagos, Lagos 101017, Nigeria
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Microbiology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos 100001, Nigeria
| | - Ayorinde Babatunde James
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Anna Roca
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara 273, The Gambia
| | - Mosoka Papa Fallah
- Refuge Place International, Monrovia, Liberia
- Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases Policy and Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Africa Centre for Disease Control, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Andrew Macnab
- The Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - John Eikelboom
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Farah Naz Qamar
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, National Stadium Rd, Karachi, Sindh 74800, Pakistan
| | - Peter Kremsner
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Medicales de Lambarene, Gabon
| | - Miquel Oliu-Barton
- Université Paris Dauphine – PSL, Pl. du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, Paris 75016, France
- Bruegel, Rue de la Charité 33, Brussels 1210, Belgium
| | - Ivan Sisa
- College of Health Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | | | - Florian Marks
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lishi Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Development Zone, Huhhot, China
| | - Jerome H. Kim
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Alyce D. Fly
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Centre for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Sara W. Day
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Scott C. Howard
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - J. Carolyn Graff
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Marcello Maida
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, S. Elia-Raimondi Hospital, Caltanissetta 93100, Italy
| | - Kunal Ray
- School of Biological Science, Ramkrishna Mission Vivekananda Education & Research Institute, Narendrapur 700103, West Bengal, India
| | - Carlos Franco-Paredes
- Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, USA
| | - Tapfumanei Mashe
- One Health Office, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe
- World Health Organization, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | | | | | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Haematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Clinical and Research Centre of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Wuhan, China
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital Centre for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter J. Hotez
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital Centre for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ken J. Ishii
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Vaccine Design Centre, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Centre for Vaccine Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dianjun Sun
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University; Key Laboratory of Etiologic Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health 23618104, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon Cedex F-25030, France
| | - Weikuan Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Research Service, Memphis VA Medical Centre, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rajamanickam K, Rathinavel T, Periyannan V, Ammashi S, Marimuthu S, Nasir Iqbal M. Molecular insight of phytocompounds from Indian spices and its hyaluronic acid conjugates to block SARS-CoV-2 viral entry. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7386-7405. [PMID: 36093954 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2121757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Human corona viral infection leads to acute breathing disease and death if not diagnosed and treated properly in time. The disease can be treated with the help of simple natural compounds, which we use in day-to-day life. These natural compounds act against several diseases but their drug targeting mechanism needs to be improved for more efficient and promising applications. In the present study five compounds (gingerol, thymol, thymohydroquinone, cyclocurcumin, hydrazinocurcumin) from three Indian medicinal plants (ginger, black cumin, turmeric) and its hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugates were docked against initially deposited spike structural proteins (PDB ID 6WPT) and its mutant variant D-614G (PDB ID 6XS6). Docking study result reveals that all the HA conjugates showed the most effective inhibitor of S-protein of initially deposited and D-614G variant forms of SARS-CoV-2. The compounds like Gingerol, Thymol, Thymohydroquinone, Cyclocurcumin, Hydrazinocurcumin, Hydroxychloroquinone, and hyaluronic acid conjugates inhibit the viral protein of both wild-type and mutated S-protein of SARS-CoV-2. The molecular docking studies of phytocompounds with initial deposited and variant spike protein targets show superior binding affinity than with the commercial repurposed viral entry inhibitor hydroxychloroquine. Further, the docking result was modeled using MD simulation study shows excellent simulation trajectories between spike proteins and HA conjugates spices constituents than its free form. DFT analysis was carried out to affirm the reason behind the highest binding affinity of HA conjugates over its free form towards SARS-CoV-2 spike protein targets. Further HA conjugates synthesis and its evaluation against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro studies are needed to prove our novel idea for an anti-viral drug.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Rajamanickam
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Velu Periyannan
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Ammashi
- PG and Research Department of Biochemistry, Rajah Serfoji Government College (Autonomous), Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Muhammad Nasir Iqbal
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Garrido-Cumbrera M, González-Marín A, Correa-Fernández J, Braçe O, Foley R. Can Views and Contact with Nature at Home Help Combat Anxiety and Depression during the Pandemic? Results of the GreenCOVID study. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2875. [PMID: 36718501 PMCID: PMC10013950 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown measures have had important consequences on the mental health of the population, although little is known about the role played by nature and its benefits. OBJECTIVES The present study aims to evaluate the risk of anxiety and depression during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain and to identify the factors most strongly associated with anxiety and depression, including sociodemographic, household characteristics, and access to or contact with natural environment. METHODS GreenCOVID is an online cross-sectional study promoted by the Health & Territory Research (HTR) of the University of Seville in Spain, Maynooth University in Ireland, and the University of Winchester in the United Kingdom. This study includes only data from Spain which were collected between April 8, 2020 and April 27, 2020. Binary logistic regression was conducted to identify the factors associated with anxiety and depression through the HADS scale. RESULTS Of the total of 2,464 adults who participated in GreenCOVID Spain, mean age was 38.1 years, 72.6% were female, 58.1% were at risk of anxiety, and 32.3% of depression. In the multivariable logistic regression, the factors associated with risk of anxiety were female: gender, being a student and problems at home. Regarding the risk of depression, the factors most associated were being a student, female gender, problems at home, worse evaluation of views from home and less help from outside views to cope with lockdown. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that during COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to sociodemographic factors female gender and being a student, problems at home, lack of natural elements in the home, and worse appreciation of views from home were associated with mental health problems. Thus, housing conditions and access to the natural environment were important for mental health during COVID-19 lockdown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Olta Braçe
- Health & Territory Research (HTR), Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Ronan Foley
- Department of Geography, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tsoulos IG, Stylios C, Charalampous V. COVID-19 Predictive Models Based on Grammatical Evolution. SN COMPUTER SCIENCE 2023; 4:191. [PMID: 36748097 PMCID: PMC9894520 DOI: 10.1007/s42979-022-01632-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A feature construction method that incorporates a grammatical guided procedure is presented here to predict the monthly mortality rate of the COVID-19 pandemic. Three distinct use cases were obtained from publicly available data and three corresponding datasets were created for that purpose. The proposed method is based on constructing artificial features from the original ones. After the artificial features are generated, the original data set is modified based on these features and a machine learning model, such as an artificial neural network, is applied to the modified data. From the comparative experiments done, it was clear that feature construction has an advantage over other machine learning methods for predicting pandemic elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis G. Tsoulos
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, Arta, Greece
| | - Chrysostomos Stylios
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, Arta, Greece
- Industrial Systems Institute, Athena Research Center, Patras Science Park Building, Platani, Patras, Greece
| | - Vlasis Charalampous
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, Arta, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Trajanoska M, Trajanov R, Eftimov T. Dietary, comorbidity, and geo-economic data fusion for explainable COVID-19 mortality prediction. EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS 2022; 209:118377. [PMID: 35945970 PMCID: PMC9352652 DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2022.118377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many factors significantly influence the outcomes of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. A significant focus needs to be put on dietary habits as environmental factors since it has been deemed that imbalanced diets contribute to chronic diseases. However, not enough effort has been made in order to assess these relations. So far, studies in the field have shown that comorbid conditions influence the severity of COVID-19 symptoms in infected patients. Furthermore, COVID-19 has exhibited seasonal patterns in its spread; therefore, considering weather-related factors in the analysis of the mortality rates might introduce a more relevant explanation of the disease's progression. In this work, we provide an explainable analysis of the global risk factors for COVID-19 mortality on a national scale, considering dietary habits fused with data on past comorbidity prevalence and environmental factors such as seasonally averaged temperature geolocation, economic and development indices, undernourished and obesity rates. The innovation in this paper lies in the explainability of the obtained results and is equally essential in the data fusion methods and the broad context considered in the analysis. Apart from a country's age and gender distribution, which has already been proven to influence COVID-19 mortality rates, our empirical analysis shows that countries with imbalanced dietary habits generally tend to have higher COVID-19 mortality predictions. Ultimately, we show that the fusion of the dietary data set with the geo-economic variables provides more accurate modeling of the country-wise COVID-19 mortality rates with respect to considering only dietary habits, proving the hypothesis that fusing factors from different contexts contribute to a better descriptive analysis of the COVID-19 mortality rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Trajanoska
- Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ss. Cyril and Methodius, University - Skopje, 1000, Macedonia
| | - Risto Trajanov
- Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ss. Cyril and Methodius, University - Skopje, 1000, Macedonia
| | - Tome Eftimov
- Computer Systems Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yao L, Aleya L, Goldman E, Graff JC, Gu W. An alternative approach-combination of lockdown and open in fighting COVID-19 pandemics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:82611-82614. [PMID: 36229730 PMCID: PMC9560743 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23438-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic enters its third year and the omicron variant becomes dominant, we propose an alternative strategy for dealing with COVID-19, called hybrid lockdown, that is, the combination of lockdown (the centralized and organized lockdown of the high-risk population) and free mobility (normal mobility) of the low-risk population. Such an approach will enable a country or region, especially with a high population density, to achieve significant prevention and control the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic at the least cost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, 47306, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 956 Court Ave, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Emanuel Goldman
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - J Carolyn Graff
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Weikuan Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 956 Court Ave, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
- Research Service, Memphis VA Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38104, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
HONFO SEWANOUH, TABOE HEMAHOB, KAKAÏ ROMAINGLELE. Modeling COVID-19 dynamics in the sixteen West African countries. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022; 18:e01408. [PMCID: PMC9621612 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic has caused several damages to the world, especially in public health sector. This study considered a simple deterministic SIR (Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered) model to characterize and predict future course of the pandemic in the West African countries. We estimated specific characteristics of the disease’s dynamics such as its initial conditions, reproduction numbers, true peak, reported peak with their corresponding times, final epidemic size and time-varying attack ratio. Our findings revealed a relatively low proportion of susceptible individuals in the region and in the different countries (1.2 % across West Africa). The detection rate of the disease was also relatively low (0.9 % for West Africa as a whole) and <2 % for most countries, except for Gambia (12.5 %), Cape-Verde (9.5 %), Mauritania (5.9 %) and Ghana (4.4 %). The reproduction number varied between 1.15 (Burkina-Faso) and 4.45 (Niger) and the peak time of the pandemic was between June and July for most countries. Most generally, the peak time of reported cases came a week (7-8 days) after the true peak time. The model predicted 222,100 actual active cases in the region at peak time while the final epidemic size accounted for 0.6 % of the West African population (2,526,700 individuals). Results obtained showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has not severely affected West Africa as noticed in other regions of the world, but current control measures and standard operating procedures should be maintained over time to ensure trends observed and even accelerate the declining trend of the pandemic.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen Y, Gong J, He G, Jie Y, Chen J, Wu Y, Hu S, Xu J, Hu B. An early novel prognostic model for predicting 80-day survival of patients with COVID-19. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1010683. [PMID: 36389149 PMCID: PMC9647191 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1010683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had an unprecedented impact worldwide, and it is of great significance to predict the prognosis of patients for guiding clinical management. This study aimed to construct a nomogram to predict the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Clinical records and laboratory results were retrospectively reviewed for 331 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from Huangshi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) (Infectious Disease Hospital) and Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. All COVID-19 patients were followed up for 80 days, and the primary outcome was defined as patient death. Cases were randomly divided into training (n=199) and validation (n=132) groups. Based on baseline data, we used statistically significant prognostic factors to construct a nomogram and assessed its performance. The patients were divided into Death (n=23) and Survival (n=308) groups. Analysis of clinical characteristics showed that these patients presented with fever (n=271, 81.9%), diarrhea (n=20, 6.0%) and had comorbidities (n=89, 26.9.0%). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, UREA and LDH were independent risk factors for predicting 80-day survival of COVID-19 patients. We constructed a qualitative nomogram with high C-indexes (0.933 and 0.894 in the training and validation groups, respectively). The calibration curve for 80-day survival showed optimal agreement between the predicted and actual outcomes. Decision curve analysis revealed the high clinical net benefit of the nomogram. Overall, our nomogram could effectively predict the 80-day survival of COVID-19 patients and hence assist in providing optimal treatment and decreasing mortality rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiao Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guowei He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yusheng Jie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuankai Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shixiong Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangshi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) (Infectious Disease Hospital), Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Jixun Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangshi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) (Infectious Disease Hospital), Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Garrido-Cumbrera M, Foley R, Correa-Fernández J, González-Marín A, Braçe O, Hewlett D. The importance for wellbeing of having views of nature from and in the home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results from the GreenCOVID study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 83:101864. [PMID: 35991355 PMCID: PMC9375854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the daily lives of people and may affect their well-being. The aim of the present study is to assess well-being and associated factors during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population in three European countries. Methods GreenCOVID was an observational cross-sectional study using an online survey (7 April 2020 to 24 July 2020) promoted by the Health & Territory Research (HTR) of the University of Seville in Spain, Maynooth University in Ireland, and the University of Winchester in England, which included a sample of 3109 unselected adults. Well-being was measured using the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) scale. Seven aspects, related to the natural environment of the home, were evaluated (role of outdoor views in coping with lockdown, importance of blue spaces during lockdown, importance of green spaces during lockdown, quality of view from home, use of outdoor spaces or window views, elements of nature in the home, and views of green or blue spaces from home). Binary logistic regression was conducted to identify the parameters associated with poor well-being. Results Mean age was 39.7 years and 79.3% lived in Spain, the majority in urban areas (92.8%). 73.0% were female and 72.0% had undertaken university studies. Poor well-being was reported by 59.0%, while 26.6% indicated the possible presence of clinical depression. The factors most associated with poor well-being were students (OR = 1.541), those who had no engagement in physical activity (OR = 1.389), those who reported 'living in Spain' compared to Ireland (OR = 0.724), being female (OR = 1.256), poor quality views from home (OR = 0.887), less benefit from views of the natural environment to cope with lockdown (OR = 0.964), and those younger in age (OR = 0.990). Conclusions More than half of participants reported poor well-being and one in four indicated the possible presence of clinical depression during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. We identified that belonging to a younger age cohort, being a student, being female, not being able to continue with daily pursuits such as physical activity, and having poorer quality of views from home led to poor well-being among participants. Our study highlights the importance of continued physical activity and views of nature to improve the well-being of individuals during times of crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronan Foley
- Department of Geography, Maynooth University, W23 HW31, Maynooth, Ireland
| | | | | | - Olta Braçe
- Health and Territory Research (HTR), Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Denise Hewlett
- PeopleScapes Research Group, University of Winchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yao L, Graff JC, Aleya L, Ma J, Cao Y, Wei W, Sun S, Wang C, Jiao Y, Gu W, Wang G, Sun D. Mortality in Four Waves of COVID-19 Is Differently Associated with Healthcare Capacities Affected by Economic Disparities. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7090241. [PMID: 36136652 PMCID: PMC9506267 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7090241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The greatest challenges are imposed on the overall capacity of disease management when the cases reach the maximum in each wave of the pandemic. Methods: The cases and deaths for the four waves of COVID-19 in 119 countries and regions (CRs) were collected. We compared the mortality across CRs where populations experience different economic and healthcare disparities. Findings: Among 119 CRs, 117, 112, 111, and 55 have experienced 1, 2, 3, and 4 waves of COVID-19 disease, respectively. The average mortality rates at the disease turning point were 0.036, 0.019. 0.017, and 0.015 for the waves 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Among 49 potential factors, income level, gross national income (GNI) per capita, and school enrollment are positively correlated with the mortality rates in the first wave, but negatively correlated with the rates of the rest of the waves. Their values for the first wave are 0.253, 0.346 and 0.385, respectively. The r value for waves 2, 3, and 4 are −0.310, −0.293, −0.234; −0.263, −0.284, −0.282; and −0.330, −0.394, −0.048, respectively. In high-income CRs, the mortality rates in waves 2 and 3 were 29% and 28% of that in wave 1; while in upper-middle-income CRs, the rates for waves 2 and 3 were 76% and 79% of that in wave 1. The rates in waves 2 and 3 for lower-middle-income countries were 88% and 89% of that in wave 1, and for low-income countries were 135% and 135%. Furthermore, comparison among the largest case numbers through all waves indicated that the mortalities in upper- and lower-middle-income countries is 65% more than that of the high-income countries. Interpretation: Conclusions from the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic do not apply to the following waves. The clinical outcomes in developing countries become worse along with the expansion of the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - J. Carolyn Graff
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté Université, CEDEX 21010, F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Jiamin Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yanhong Cao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shuqiu Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Congyi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yan Jiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Weikuan Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Research Service, Memphis VA Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38104, USA
- Correspondence: (W.G.); (D.S.); Tel.: +1-901-448-2259 (W.G.); +86-451-86612695 (D.S.)
| | - Gang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Dianjun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin 150081, China
- Correspondence: (W.G.); (D.S.); Tel.: +1-901-448-2259 (W.G.); +86-451-86612695 (D.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Anser MK, Ahmad M, Khan MA, Nassani AA, Askar SE, Zaman K, Abro MMQ, Kabbani A. Prevention of COVID-19 pandemic through technological innovation: ensuring global innovative capability, absorptive capacity, and adaptive healthcare competency. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : IJEST 2022; 20:1-12. [PMID: 36093340 PMCID: PMC9440456 DOI: 10.1007/s13762-022-04494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study examines the role of technology transfer in preventing communicable diseases, including COVID-19, in a heterogeneous panel of selected 65 countries. The study employed robust least square regression and innovation accounting matrixes to get robust inferences. The results found that overall technological innovation, including innovative capability, absorptive capacity, and healthcare competency, helps reduce infectious diseases, including the COVID-19 pandemic. Patent applications, scientific and technical journal articles, trade openness, hospital beds, and physicians are the main factors supporting the reduction of infectious diseases, including the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to inadequate research and development, healthcare infrastructure expenditures have caused many communicable diseases. The increasing number of mobile phone subscribers and healthcare expenditures cannot minimize the coronavirus pandemic globally. The impulse response function shows an increasing number of patent applications, mobile penetration, and hospital beds that will likely decrease infectious diseases, including COVID-19. In contrast, insufficient resource spending would likely increase death rates from contagious diseases over a time horizon. It is high time to digitalize healthcare policies to control coronavirus worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. K. Anser
- School of Public Administration, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, 710000 China
- Department of Business Administration, The Superior University, Lahore, 54000 Pakistan
| | - M. Ahmad
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - M. A. Khan
- Department of Economics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620 Pakistan
| | - A. A. Nassani
- Department of Management, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, P.O. Box 71115, Riyadh, 11587 Saudi Arabia
| | - S. E. Askar
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 11451, Riyadh, 11587 Saudi Arabia
| | - K. Zaman
- Department of Management, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | - M. M. Q. Abro
- Department of Management, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, P.O. Box 71115, Riyadh, 11587 Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Kabbani
- Department of Management, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yao L, Aleya L, Howard SC, Cao Y, Wang CY, Day SW, Graff JC, Sun D, Gu W. Variations of COVID-19 mortality are affected by economic disparities across countries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:154770. [PMID: 35341873 PMCID: PMC8949690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When the COVID-19 case number reaches a maximum in a country, its capacity and management of health system face greatest challenge. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study on data of turning points for cases and deaths for the first three waves of COVID-19 in countries with more than 5000 cumulative cases, as reported by Worldometers and WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. We compared the case fatality rates (CFRs) and time lags (in unit of day) between the turning points of cases and deaths among countries in different development stages and potential influence factors. As of May 10, 2021, 106 out of 222 countries or regions (56%) reported more than 5000 cases. Approximately half of them have experienced all the three waves of COVID-19 disease. The average mortality rate at the disease turning point was 0.038 for the first wave, 0.020 for the second wave, and 0.023 for wave 3. In high-income countries, the mortality rates during the first wave are higher than that of the other income levels. However, the mortality rates during the second and third waves of COVID-19 were much lower than those of the first wave, with a significant reduction from 5.7% to 1.7% approximately 70%. At the same time, high-income countries exhibited a 2-fold increase in time lags during the second and the third waves compared to the first wave, suggesting that the periods between the cases and deaths turning point extended. High rates in the first wave in developed countries are associated to multiple factors including transportation, population density, and aging populations. In upper middle- and lower middle-income countries, the decreasing of mortality rates in the second and third waves were subtle or even reversed, with increased mortality during the following waves. In the upper and lower middle-income countries, the time lags were about 50% of the durations observed from high-income countries. INTERPRETATION Economy and medical resources affect the efficiency of COVID-19 mitigation and the clinical outcomes of the patients. The situation is likely to become even worse in the light of these countries' limited ability to combat COVID-19 and prevent severe outcomes or deaths as the new variant transmission becomes dominant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yao
- Health Outcomes and Policy Research, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté Université, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Scott C Howard
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yanhong Cao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Etiologic Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618104), 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Sara W Day
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - J Carolyn Graff
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Dianjun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Etiologic Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618104), 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China.
| | - Weikuan Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Research Service, Memphis VA Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mortality prediction of COVID-19 patients using soft voting classifier. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE COMPUTING IN ENGINEERING 2022; 3:172-179. [PMCID: PMC9472476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcce.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus that spread around the globe with the initial reports coming from Wuhan, China, turned into a pandemic and caused enormous casualties. Various countries have faced multiple COVID spikes which put the medical infrastructure of these countries under immense pressure with third-world countries being hit the hardest. It can be thus concluded that determining the likeliness of death of a patient helps in avoiding fatalities which inspired the authors to research the topic. There are various ways to approach the problem such as past medical records, chest X-rays, CT scans, and blood biomarkers. Since blood biomarkers are most easily available in emergency scenarios, blood biomarkers were used as the features for the model. The data was first imputed and the training data was oversampled to avoid class imbalance in the model training. The model is composed of a voting classifier that takes in outputs from multiple classifiers. The model was then compared to base models such as Random Forest, XGBoost, and Extra Trees Classifier on multiple evaluation criteria. The F1 score was the concerned evaluation criterion as it maximizes the use of the medical infrastructure with the minimum possible casualties by maximizing true positives and minimizing false negatives.
Collapse
|
14
|
Doroftei B, Ilie OD, Anton N, Timofte SI, Ilea C. Mathematical Modeling to Predict COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination Trends. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061737. [PMID: 35330062 PMCID: PMC8956009 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 placed the health systems around the entire world in a battle against the clock. While most of the existing studies aimed at forecasting the infections trends, our study focuses on vaccination trend(s). Material and methods: Based on these considerations, we used standard analyses and ARIMA modeling to predict possible scenarios in Romania, the second-lowest country regarding vaccinations from the entire European Union. Results: With approximately 16 million doses of vaccine against COVID-19 administered, 7,791,250 individuals had completed the vaccination scheme. From the total, 5,058,908 choose Pfizer−BioNTech, 399,327 Moderna, 419,037 AstraZeneca, and 1,913,978 Johnson & Johnson. With a cumulative 2147 local and 17,542 general adverse reactions, the most numerous were reported in recipients of Pfizer−BioNTech (1581 vs. 8451), followed by AstraZeneca (138 vs. 6033), Moderna (332 vs. 1936), and Johnson & Johnson (96 vs. 1122). On three distinct occasions have been reported >50,000 individuals who received the first or second dose of a vaccine and >30,000 of a booster dose in a single day. Due to high reactogenicity in case of AZD1222, and time of launching between the Pfizer−BioNTech and Moderna vaccine could be explained differences in terms doses administered. Furthermore, ARIMA(1,1,0), ARIMA(1,1,1), ARIMA(0,2,0), ARIMA(2,1,0), ARIMA(1,2,2), ARI-MA(2,2,2), ARIMA(0,2,2), ARIMA(2,2,2), ARIMA(1,1,2), ARIMA(2,2,2), ARIMA(2,1,1), ARIMA(2,2,1), and ARIMA (2,0,2) for all twelve months and in total fitted the best models. These were regarded according to the lowest MAPE, p-value (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001) and through the Ljung−Box test (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001) for autocorrelations. Conclusions: Statistical modeling and mathematical analyses are suitable not only for forecasting the infection trends but the course of a vaccination rate as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Doroftei
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.D.); (N.A.); (C.I.)
| | - Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, No. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicoleta Anton
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.D.); (N.A.); (C.I.)
| | - Sergiu-Ioan Timofte
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, No. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ciprian Ilea
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.D.); (N.A.); (C.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
John CC, Ponnusamy V, Krishnan Chandrasekaran S, R N. A Survey on Mathematical, Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models for COVID-19 Transmission and Diagnosis. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2022. [PMID: 33769936 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a life threatening disease which has a enormous global impact. As the cause of the disease is a novel coronavirus whose gene information is unknown, drugs and vaccines are yet to be found. For the present situation, disease spread analysis and prediction with the help of mathematical and data driven model will be of great help to initiate prevention and control action, namely lockdown and qurantine. There are various mathematical and machine-learning models proposed for analyzing the spread and prediction. Each model has its own limitations and advantages for a particluar scenario. This article reviews the state-of-the art mathematical models for COVID-19, including compartment models, statistical models and machine learning models to provide more insight, so that an appropriate model can be well adopted for the disease spread analysis. Furthermore, accurate diagnose of COVID-19 is another essential process to identify the infected person and control further spreading. As the spreading is fast, there is a need for quick auotomated diagnosis mechanism to handle large population. Deep-learning and machine-learning based diagnostic mechanism will be more appropriate for this purpose. In this aspect, a comprehensive review on the deep learning models for the diagnosis of the disease is also provided in this article.
Collapse
|
16
|
Behera J, Pasayat AK, Behera H. COVID-19 Vaccination Effect on Stock Market and Death Rate in India. ASIA-PACIFIC FINANCIAL MARKETS 2022; 29:651-673. [PMCID: PMC8913195 DOI: 10.1007/s10690-022-09364-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 epidemic has brought attention to the vulnerability of new illnesses, and immunization remains a viable option for resuming normal life. This paper examines the influence of COVID-19 vaccination on the death rate and the performance of stock market in India. For this study, COVID-19 vaccination and death rate data is gathered from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) portal, and the data for the stock index is taken from the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), India. In order to achieve a precise representation of feature significance and distribution, EDA (Exploratory Data Analysis) is utilized in this study. The impact of COVID-19 immunization on the mortality rate and stock market index is investigated using both statistical analysis and Machine Learning Regression-based models. The models are remarkably accurate in reproducing actual result. The empirical study suggests that vaccination has a strong positive impact on the stock market and reducing the death rate. Furthermore, the policies recommended by government and monetary authorities coupled with COVID-19 vaccine supported the stock market recovery in pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmayee Behera
- Department of Mathematics, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Ajit Kumar Pasayat
- Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Harekrushna Behera
- Department of Mathematics, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bakin EA, Stanevich OV, Chmelevsky MP, Belash VA, Belash AA, Savateeva GA, Bokinova VA, Arsentieva NA, Sayenko LF, Korobenkov EA, Lioznov DA, Totolian AA, Polushin YS, Kulikov AN. A Novel Approach for COVID-19 Patient Condition Tracking: From Instant Prediction to Regular Monitoring. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:744652. [PMID: 34950678 PMCID: PMC8688846 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.744652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this research is to develop an accurate and interpretable aggregated score not only for hospitalization outcome prediction (death/discharge) but also for the daily assessment of the COVID-19 patient's condition. Patients and Methods: In this single-center cohort study, real-world data collected within the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic was used (27.04.2020-03.08.2020 and 01.11.2020-19.01.2021, respectively). The first wave data (1,349 cases) was used as a training set for the score development, while the second wave data (1,453 cases) was used as a validation set. No overlapping cases were presented in the study. For all the available patients' features, we tested their association with an outcome. Significant features were taken for further analysis, and their partial sensitivity, specificity, and promptness were estimated. Sensitivity and specificity were further combined into a feature informativeness index. The developed score was derived as a weighted sum of nine features that showed the best trade-off between informativeness and promptness. Results: Based on the training cohort (median age ± median absolute deviation 58 ± 13.3, females 55.7%), the following resulting score was derived: APTT (4 points), CRP (3 points), D-dimer (4 points), glucose (4 points), hemoglobin (3 points), lymphocytes (3 points), total protein (6 points), urea (5 points), and WBC (4 points). Internal and temporal validation based on the second wave cohort (age 60 ± 14.8, females 51.8%) showed that a sensitivity and a specificity over 90% may be achieved with an expected prediction range of more than 7 days. Moreover, we demonstrated high robustness of the score to the varying peculiarities of the pandemic. Conclusions: An extensive application of the score during the pandemic showed its potential for optimization of patient management as well as improvement of medical staff attentiveness in a high workload stress. The transparent structure of the score, as well as tractable cutoff bounds, simplified its implementation into clinical practice. High cumulative informativeness of the nine score components suggests that these are the indicators that need to be monitored regularly during the follow-up of a patient with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A Bakin
- Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, First Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Research Department, Bioinformatics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oksana V Stanevich
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, First Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Research Department, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail P Chmelevsky
- Department of Functional Diagnostics, First Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,World-Class Scientific Center, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI", St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vasily A Belash
- Center for COVID-19 Treatment, First Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Belash
- Center for COVID-19 Treatment, First Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Galina A Savateeva
- Center for COVID-19 Treatment, First Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Veronika A Bokinova
- Center for COVID-19 Treatment, First Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia A Arsentieva
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ludmila F Sayenko
- Information Technology Department, First Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Korobenkov
- Information Technology Department, First Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Lioznov
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, First Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Research Department, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Areg A Totolian
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yury S Polushin
- Research Department, First Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander N Kulikov
- Clinic Management Department, First Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
The Effect of Local and Global Interventions on Epidemic Spreading. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312627. [PMID: 34886355 PMCID: PMC8657414 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epidemic spreading causes severe challenges to the global public health system, and global and local interventions are considered an effective way to contain such spreading, including school closures (local), border control (global), etc. However, there is little study on comparing the efficiency of global and local interventions on epidemic spreading. Here, we develop a new model based on the Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model with an additional compartment called “quarantine status”. We simulate various kinds of outbreaks and interventions. Firstly, we predict, consistent with previous studies, interventions reduce epidemic spreading to 16% of its normal level. Moreover, we compare the effect of global and local interventions and find that local interventions are more effective than global ones. We then study the relationships between incubation period and interventions, finding that early implementation of rigorous intervention significantly reduced the scale of the epidemic. Strikingly, we suggest a Pareto optimal in the intervention when resources were limited. Finally, we show that combining global and local interventions is the most effective way to contain the pandemic spreading if initially infected individuals are concentrated in localized regions. Our work deepens our understandings of the role of interventions on the pandemic, and informs an actionable strategy to contain it.
Collapse
|
19
|
Artificial Intelligence for Forecasting the Prevalence of COVID-19 Pandemic: An Overview. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9121614. [PMID: 34946340 PMCID: PMC8700845 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of COVID-19 at the end of 2019, a significant surge in forecasting publications has been recorded. Both statistical and artificial intelligence (AI) approaches have been reported; however, the AI approaches showed a better accuracy compared with the statistical approaches. This study presents a review on the applications of different AI approaches used in forecasting the spread of this pandemic. The fundamentals of the commonly used AI approaches in this context are briefly explained. Evaluation of the forecasting accuracy using different statistical measures is introduced. This review may assist researchers, experts and policy makers involved in managing the COVID-19 pandemic to develop more accurate forecasting models and enhanced strategies to control the spread of this pandemic. Additionally, this review study is highly significant as it provides more important information of AI applications in forecasting the prevalence of this pandemic.
Collapse
|
20
|
India perspective: CNN-LSTM hybrid deep learning model-based COVID-19 prediction and current status of medical resource availability. Soft comput 2021; 26:645-664. [PMID: 34815733 PMCID: PMC8603002 DOI: 10.1007/s00500-021-06490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The epidemic situation may cause severe social and economic impacts on a country. So, there is a need for a trustworthy prediction model that can offer better prediction results. The forecasting result will help in making the prevention policies and remedial action in time, and thus, we can reduce the overall social and economic impacts on the country. This article introduces a CNN-LSTM hybrid deep learning prediction model, which can correctly forecast the COVID-19 epidemic across India. The proposed model uses convolutional layers, to extract meaningful information and learn from a given time series dataset. It is also enriched with the LSTM layer's capability, which means it can identify long-term and short-term dependencies. The experimental evaluation has been performed to gauge the performance and suitability of our proposed model among the other well-established time series forecasting models. From the empirical analysis, it is also clear that the use of extra convolutional layers with the LSTM layer may increase the forecasting model's performance. Apart from this, the deep insides of the current situation of medical resource availability across India have been discussed.
Collapse
|
21
|
Talic S, Shah S, Wild H, Gasevic D, Maharaj A, Ademi Z, Li X, Xu W, Mesa-Eguiagaray I, Rostron J, Theodoratou E, Zhang X, Motee A, Liew D, Ilic D. Effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2021; 375:e068302. [PMID: 34789505 PMCID: PMC9423125 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-068302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the evidence on the effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Biosis, Joanna Briggs, Global Health, and World Health Organization COVID-19 database (preprints). ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR STUDY SELECTION Observational and interventional studies that assessed the effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measure was incidence of covid-19. Secondary outcomes included SARS-CoV-2 transmission and covid-19 mortality. DATA SYNTHESIS DerSimonian Laird random effects meta-analysis was performed to investigate the effect of mask wearing, handwashing, and physical distancing measures on incidence of covid-19. Pooled effect estimates with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were computed, and heterogeneity among studies was assessed using Cochran's Q test and the I2 metrics, with two tailed P values. RESULTS 72 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 35 evaluated individual public health measures and 37 assessed multiple public health measures as a "package of interventions." Eight of 35 studies were included in the meta-analysis, which indicated a reduction in incidence of covid-19 associated with handwashing (relative risk 0.47, 95% confidence interval 0.19 to 1.12, I2=12%), mask wearing (0.47, 0.29 to 0.75, I2=84%), and physical distancing (0.75, 0.59 to 0.95, I2=87%). Owing to heterogeneity of the studies, meta-analysis was not possible for the outcomes of quarantine and isolation, universal lockdowns, and closures of borders, schools, and workplaces. The effects of these interventions were synthesised descriptively. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that several personal protective and social measures, including handwashing, mask wearing, and physical distancing are associated with reductions in the incidence covid-19. Public health efforts to implement public health measures should consider community health and sociocultural needs, and future research is needed to better understand the effectiveness of public health measures in the context of covid-19 vaccination. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020178692.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella Talic
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004 VIC, Australia
- Monash Outcomes Research and health Economics (MORE) Unit, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Shivangi Shah
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004 VIC, Australia
| | - Holly Wild
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004 VIC, Australia
- Torrens University, VIC, Australia
| | - Danijela Gasevic
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004 VIC, Australia
- Centre for Global Health, The Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ashika Maharaj
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004 VIC, Australia
| | - Zanfina Ademi
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004 VIC, Australia
- Monash Outcomes Research and health Economics (MORE) Unit, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Xue Li
- Centre for Global Health, The Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Centre for Global Health, The Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ines Mesa-Eguiagaray
- Centre for Global Health, The Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jasmin Rostron
- Centre for Global Health, The Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health, The Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Centre for Global Health, The Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ashmika Motee
- Centre for Global Health, The Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Danny Liew
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004 VIC, Australia
- Monash Outcomes Research and health Economics (MORE) Unit, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Dragan Ilic
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004 VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cui S, Wang Y, Wang D, Sai Q, Huang Z, Cheng TCE. A two-layer nested heterogeneous ensemble learning predictive method for COVID-19 mortality. Appl Soft Comput 2021; 113:107946. [PMID: 34646110 PMCID: PMC8494501 DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2021.107946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 epidemic has had a great adverse impact on the world, having taken a heavy toll, killing hundreds of thousands of people. In order to help the world better combat COVID-19 and reduce its death toll, this study focuses on the COVID-19 mortality. First, using the multiple stepwise regression analysis method, the factors from eight aspects (economy, society, climate etc.) that may affect the mortality rates of COVID-19 in various countries is examined. In addition, a two-layer nested heterogeneous ensemble learning-based prediction method that combines linear regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), and extreme learning machine (ELM) is developed to predict the development trends of COVID-19 mortality in various countries. Based on data from 79 countries, the experiment proves that age structure (proportion of the population over 70 years old) and medical resources (number of beds) are the main factors affecting the mortality of COVID-19 in each country. In addition, it is found that the number of nucleic acid tests and climatic factors are correlated with COVID-19 mortality. At the same time, when predicting COVID-19 mortality, the proposed heterogeneous ensemble learning-based prediction method shows better prediction ability than state-of-the-art machine learning methods such as LR, SVM, ELM, random forest (RF), long short-term memory (LSTM) etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoze Cui
- School of Economics and Management, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yanzhang Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dujuan Wang
- Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qian Sai
- School of Economics and Management, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ziheng Huang
- Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - T C E Cheng
- Department of Logistics and Maritime Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Colomer MÀ, Margalida A, Alòs F, Oliva-Vidal P, Vilella A, Fraile L. Modelling the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: Assessing the usefulness of protective measures to reduce the pandemic at population level. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:147816. [PMID: 34052482 PMCID: PMC8137349 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A new bioinspired computational model was developed for the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic using the available epidemiological information, high-resolution population density data, travel patterns, and the average number of contacts between people. The effectiveness of control measures such as contact reduction measures, closure of communities (lockdown), protective measures (social distancing, face mask wearing, and hand hygiene), and vaccination were modelled to examine possibilities for control of the disease under several protective vaccination levels in the population. Lockdown and contact reduction measures only delay the spread of the virus in the population because it resumes its previous dynamics as soon as the restrictions are lifted. Nevertheless, these measures are probably useful to avoid hospitals being overwhelmed in the short term. Our model predicted that 56% of the Spanish population would have been infected and subsequently recovered over a 130 day period if no protective measures were taken but this percentage would have been only 34% if protective measures had been put in place. Moreover, this percentage would have been further reduced to 41.7, 27.7, and 13.3% if 25, 50 and 75% of the population had been vaccinated, respectively. Finally, this percentage would have been even lower at 25.5, 12.1 and 7.9% if 25, 50 and 75% of the population had been vaccinated in combination with the application of protective measures, respectively. Therefore, a combination of protective measures and vaccination would be highly efficacious in decreasing not only the number of those who become infected and subsequently recover, but also the number of people who die from infection, which falls from 0.41% of the population over a 130 day period without protective measures to 0.15, 0.08 and 0.06% if 25, 50 and 75% of the population had been vaccinated in combination with protective measures at the same time, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mª Àngels Colomer
- Department of Mathematics, ETSEA, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Antoni Margalida
- Department of Animal Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; Institute for Game and Wildlife Research, IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Francesc Alòs
- Primary Health Center, Passeig Sant Joan, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Oliva-Vidal
- Department of Animal Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; Institute for Game and Wildlife Research, IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Lorenzo Fraile
- Department of Animal Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; Agrotecnio, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kozak J, Kania K, Juszczuk P, Mitręga M. Swarm intelligence goal-oriented approach to data-driven innovation in customer churn management. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
25
|
Graphical Trajectory Comparison to Identify Errors in Data of COVID-19: A Cross-Country Analysis. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11100955. [PMID: 34683095 PMCID: PMC8537769 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11100955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from the early stage of a novel infectious disease outbreak provide vital information in risk assessment, prediction, and precise disease management. Since the first reported case of COVID-19, the pattern of the novel coronavirus transmission in Wuhan has become the interest of researchers in epidemiology and public health. To thoroughly map the mechanism of viral spreading, we used the patterns of data at the early onset of COVID-19 from seven countries to estimate the time lag between peak days of cases and deaths. This study compared these data with those of Wuhan and estimated the natural history of disease across the infected population and the time lag. The findings suggest that comparative analyses of data from different regions and countries reveal the differences between peaks of cases and deaths caused by COVID-19 and the incomplete and underestimated cases in Wuhan. Different countries may show different patterns of cases peak days, deaths peak days, and peak periods. Error in the early COVID-19 statistics in Brazil was identified. This study provides sound evidence for policymakers to understand the local circumstances in diagnosing the health of a population and propose precise and timely public health interventions to control and prevent infectious diseases.
Collapse
|
26
|
Dutta I, Basu T, Das A. Spatial analysis of COVID-19 incidence and its determinants using spatial modeling: A study on India. ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 4:100096. [PMID: 38620946 PMCID: PMC8035805 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2021.100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The first incident of COVID-19 case in India was recorded on 30th January, 2020 which turns to 100,000 marks on May 19th and by June 3rd it was over 200,000 active cases and 5,800 deaths. Geographic Information System (GIS) based spatial models can be helpful for better understanding of different factors that have triggered COVID-19 spread at district level in India. In the present study, 19 variables were considered that can explain the variability of the disease. Different spatial statistical techniques were used to describe the spatial distribution of COVID-19 and identify significant clusters. Spatial lag and error models (SLM and SEM) were employed to examine spatial dependency, geographical weighted regression (GWR) and multi-scale GWR (MGWR) were employed to examine at local level. The results show that the global models perform poorly in explaining the factors for COVID-19 incidences. MGWR shows the best-fit-model to explain the variables affecting COVID-19 (R2= 0.75) with lowest AICc value. Population density, urbanization and bank facility were found to be most susceptible for COVID-19 cases. These indicate the necessity of effective policies related to social distancing, low mobility. Mapping of different significant variables using MGWR can provide significant insights for policy makers for taking necessary actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Dutta
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, West Bengal 732103, India
| | - Tirthankar Basu
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, West Bengal 732103, India
| | - Arijit Das
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, West Bengal 732103, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yin H, Sun T, Yao L, Jiao Y, Ma L, Lin L, Graff JC, Aleya L, Postlethwaite A, Gu W, Chen H. Association between population density and infection rate suggests the importance of social distancing and travel restriction in reducing the COVID-19 pandemic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:40424-40430. [PMID: 33442802 PMCID: PMC7806252 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Currently, 2019-nCoV has spread to most countries of the world. Understanding the environmental factors that affect the spread of the disease COVID-19 infection is critical to stop the spread of the disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether population density is associated with the infection rate of the COVID-19. We collected data from official webpages of cities in China and in the USA. The data were organized on Excel spreadsheets for statistical analyses. We calculated the morbidity and population density of cities and regions in these two countries. We then examined the relationship between morbidity and other factors. Our analysis indicated that the population density in cities in Hubei province where the COVID-19 was severe was associated with a higher percentage of morbidity, with an r value of 0.62. Similarly, in the USA, the density of 51 states and territories is also associated with morbidity from COVID-19 with an r value of 0.55. In contrast, as a control group, there is no association between the morbidity and population density in 33 other regions of China, where the COVID-19 epidemic is well under control. Interestingly, our study also indicated that these associations were not influenced by the first case of COVID-19. The rate of morbidity and the number of days from the first case in the USA have no association, with an r value of - 0.1288. Population density is positively associated with the percentage of patients with COVID-19 infection in the population. Our data support the importance of such as social distancing and travel restriction in the prevention of COVID-19 spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heliang Yin
- Center of Integrative Research, The First Hospital of Qiqihar City, 30 Gongyuan Road, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 956 Court Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
- Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161007, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Sun
- Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161007, People's Republic of China
- Department of Administration, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161005, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Yao
- Health Outcomes and Policy Research, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - Yan Jiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 956 Court Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Center of Integrative Research, The First Hospital of Qiqihar City, 30 Gongyuan Road, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 956 Court Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
- Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161007, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lin
- Center of Integrative Research, The First Hospital of Qiqihar City, 30 Gongyuan Road, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 956 Court Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
- Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161007, People's Republic of China
| | - J Carolyn Graff
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Arnold Postlethwaite
- Department of Medicine and Division of Connective Tissue Diseases, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
- Research Service, Memphis VA Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38104, USA
| | - Weikuan Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 956 Court Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
- Research Service, Memphis VA Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38104, USA.
| | - Hong Chen
- Center of Integrative Research, The First Hospital of Qiqihar City, 30 Gongyuan Road, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161005, People's Republic of China.
- Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161007, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kaur I, Behl T, Aleya L, Rahman H, Kumar A, Arora S, Bulbul IJ. Artificial intelligence as a fundamental tool in management of infectious diseases and its current implementation in COVID-19 pandemic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:40515-40532. [PMID: 34036497 PMCID: PMC8148397 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13823-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The world has never been prepared for global pandemics like the COVID-19, currently posing an immense threat to the public and consistent pressure on the global healthcare systems to navigate optimized tools, equipments, medicines, and techno-driven approaches to retard the infection spread. The synergized outcome of artificial intelligence paradigms and human-driven control measures elicit a significant impact on screening, analysis, prediction, and tracking the currently infected individuals, and likely the future patients, with precision and accuracy, generating regular international and national data on confirmed, recovered, and death cases, as the current status of 3,820,869 infected patients worldwide. Artificial intelligence is a frontline concept, with time-saving, cost-effective, and productive access to disease management, rendering positive results in physician assistance in high workload conditions, radiology imaging, computational tomography, and database formulations, to facilitate availability of information accessible to researchers all over the globe. The review tends to elaborate the role of industry 4.0 technology, fast diagnostic procedures, and convolutional neural networks, as artificial intelligence aspects, in potentiating the COVID-19 management criteria and differentiating infection in SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative groups. Therefore, the review successfully supplements the processes of vaccine development, disease management, diagnosis, patient records, transmission inhibition, social distancing, and future pandemic predictions, with artificial intelligence revolution and smart techno processes to ensure that the human race wins this battle with COVID-19 and many more combats in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India.
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Israt Jahan Bulbul
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gu T, Wang L, Xie N, Meng X, Li Z, Postlethwaite A, Aleya L, Howard SC, Gu W, Wang Y. Toward a Country-Based Prediction Model of COVID-19 Infections and Deaths Between Disease Apex and End: Evidence From Countries With Contained Numbers of COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:585115. [PMID: 34179029 PMCID: PMC8222531 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.585115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of COVID-19 and variations in control measures and containment efforts in different countries have caused difficulties in the prediction and modeling of the COVID-19 pandemic. We attempted to predict the scale of the latter half of the pandemic based on real data using the ratio between the early and latter halves from countries where the pandemic is largely over. We collected daily pandemic data from China, South Korea, and Switzerland and subtracted the ratio of pandemic days before and after the disease apex day of COVID-19. We obtained the ratio of pandemic data and created multiple regression models for the relationship between before and after the apex day. We then tested our models using data from the first wave of the disease from 14 countries in Europe and the US. We then tested the models using data from these countries from the entire pandemic up to March 30, 2021. Results indicate that the actual number of cases from these countries during the first wave mostly fall in the predicted ranges of liniar regression, excepting Spain and Russia. Similarly, the actual deaths in these countries mostly fall into the range of predicted data. Using the accumulated data up to the day of apex and total accumulated data up to March 30, 2021, the data of case numbers in these countries are falling into the range of predicted data, except for data from Brazil. The actual number of deaths in all the countries are at or below the predicted data. In conclusion, a linear regression model built with real data from countries or regions from early pandemics can predict pandemic scales of the countries where the pandemics occur late. Such a prediction with a high degree of accuracy provides valuable information for governments and the public.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Gu
- College of Graduate Health Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lishi Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ning Xie
- College of Business, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Arnold Postlethwaite
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Scott C. Howard
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Weikuan Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Research Service, Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Song F, Ma H, Wang S, Qin T, Xu Q, Yuan H, Li F, Wang Z, Liao Y, Tan X, Song X, Zhang Q, Huang D. Nutritional screening based on objective indices at admission predicts in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19. Nutr J 2021; 20:46. [PMID: 34034769 PMCID: PMC8145188 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-021-00702-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Could nutritional status serve as prognostic factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? The present study evaluated the clinical and nutritional characteristics of COVID-19 patients and explored the relationship between risk for malnutrition at admission and in-hospital mortality. METHODS A retrospective, observational study was conducted in two hospitals in Hubei, China. Confirmed cases of COVID-19 were typed as mild/moderate, severe, or critically ill. Clinical data and in-hospital death were collected. The risk for malnutrition was assessed using the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) via objective parameters at admission. RESULTS Two hundred ninety-five patients were enrolled, including 66 severe patients and 41 critically ill patients. Twenty-five deaths were observed, making 8.47% in the whole population and 37.88% in the critically ill subgroup. Patients had significant differences in nutrition-related parameters and inflammatory biomarkers among three types of disease severity. Patients with lower GNRI and PNI, as well as higher CONUT scores, had a higher risk of in-hospital mortality. The receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated the good prognostic implication of GNRI and CONUT score. The multivariate logistic regression showed that baseline nutritional status, assessed by GNRI, PNI, or CONUT score, was a prognostic indicator for in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS Despite variant screening tools, poor nutritional status was associated with in-hospital death in patients infected with COVID-19. This study highlighted the importance of nutritional screening at admission and the new insight of nutritional monitoring or therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feier Song
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Huan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Shouhong Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Tiehe Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Huiqing Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First People’s Hospital of Shaoguan, Shaoguan, 512000 China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou, 434000 China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Youwan Liao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Xiaoping Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 China
| | - Xiuchan Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Dongguan Eighth People’s Hospital, Dongguan Children’s Hospital, Dongguan, 523000 China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 China
| | - Daozheng Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fast prototyping of a local fuzzy search system for decision support and retraining of hospital staff during pandemic. Health Inf Sci Syst 2021; 9:21. [PMID: 33986947 PMCID: PMC8112214 DOI: 10.1007/s13755-021-00150-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic showed an urgent need for decision support systems to help doctors at a time of stress and uncertainty. However, significant differences in hospital conditions, as well as skepticism of doctors about machine learning algorithms, limit their introduction into clinical practice. Our goal was to test and apply the principle of ”patient-like-mine” decision support in rapidly changing conditions of a pandemic. Methods In the developed system we implemented a fuzzy search that allows a doctor to compare their medical case with similar cases recorded in their medical center since the beginning of the pandemic. Various distance metrics were tried for obtaining clinically relevant search results. With the use of R programming language, we designed the first version of the system in approximately a week. A set of features for the comparison of the cases was selected with the use of random forest algorithm implemented in Caret. Shiny package was chosen for the design of GUI. Results The deployed tool allowed doctors to quickly estimate the current conditions of their patients by means of studying the most similar previous cases stored in the local health information system. The extensive testing of the system during the first wave of COVID-19 showed that this approach helps not only to draw a conclusion about the optimal treatment tactics and to train medical staff in real-time but also to optimize patients’ individual testing plans. Conclusions This project points to the possibility of rapid prototyping and effective usage of ”patient-like-mine” search systems at the time of a pandemic caused by a poorly known pathogen.
Collapse
|
32
|
Elsheikh AH, Saba AI, Elaziz MA, Lu S, Shanmugan S, Muthuramalingam T, Kumar R, Mosleh AO, Essa FA, Shehabeldeen TA. Deep learning-based forecasting model for COVID-19 outbreak in Saudi Arabia. PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION : TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, PART B 2021; 149:223-233. [PMID: 33162687 PMCID: PMC7604086 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2020.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 outbreak has become a global pandemic that affected more than 200 countries. Predicting the epidemiological behavior of this outbreak has a vital role to prevent its spreading. In this study, long short-term memory (LSTM) network as a robust deep learning model is proposed to forecast the number of total confirmed cases, total recovered cases, and total deaths in Saudi Arabia. The model was trained using the official reported data. The optimal values of the model's parameters that maximize the forecasting accuracy were determined. The forecasting accuracy of the model was assessed using seven statistical assessment criteria, namely, root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), efficiency coefficient (EC), overall index (OI), coefficient of variation (COV), and coefficient of residual mass (CRM). A reasonable forecasting accuracy was obtained. The forecasting accuracy of the suggested model is compared with two other models. The first is a statistical based model called autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA). The second is an artificial intelligence based model called nonlinear autoregressive artificial neural networks (NARANN). Finally, the proposed LSTM model was applied to forecast the total number of confirmed cases as well as deaths in six different countries; Brazil, India, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Spain, and USA. These countries have different epidemic trends as they apply different polices and have different age structure, weather, and culture. The social distancing and protection measures applied in different countries are assumed to be maintained during the forecasting period. The obtained results may help policymakers to control the disease and to put strategic plans to organize Hajj and the closure periods of the schools and universities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammar H Elsheikh
- Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Amal I Saba
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd Elaziz
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Songfeng Lu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - S Shanmugan
- Research Centre for Solar Energy, Department of Physics, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Green Fields, Guntur District, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India
| | - T Muthuramalingam
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Kattankulathur Campus, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 603203, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Jalandhar, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Ahmed O Mosleh
- Shoubra Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Shoubra St. 108, Shoubra, P.O. 11629, Cairo, Egypt
| | - F A Essa
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Taher A Shehabeldeen
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zach H, Hanová M, Letkovičová M. Distribution of COVID-19 cases and deaths in Europe during the first 12 peak weeks of outbreak. Cent Eur J Public Health 2021; 29:9-13. [PMID: 33831280 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a6394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to identify similar WHO European countries in COVID-19 incidence and mortality rate during the first 12 peak weeks of pandemic outbreak to find out whether exact coherent parts of Europe were more affected than others, and to set relationship between age and higher COVID-19 mortality rate. METHODS COVID-19 cases and deaths from 28 February to 21 May 2020 of 37 WHO European countries were aggregated into 12 consecutive weeks. The fuzzy C-means clustering was performed to identify similar countries in COVID-19 incidence and mortality rate. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and log-log linear regression analyses were performed to set up relation between COVID-19 mortality rate and age. Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon) test was used to explore differences between countries possessing higher mortality rate and age. RESULTS Based on the highest value of the coefficient of overall separation five clusters of similar countries were identified for incidence rate, mortality rate and in total. Analysis according to weeks offered trends where progress of COVID-19 incidence and mortality rate was visible. Pearson coefficient (0.69) suggested moderately strong connection between mortality rate and age, Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon) test proved statistically significant differences between countries experiencing higher mortality rate and age vs. countries having both indicators lower (p < 0.001). Log-log linear regression analysis defined every increase in life expectancy at birth in total by 1% meant growth in mortality rate by 22% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Spain, Belgium and Ireland, closely followed by Sweden and Great Britain were identified as the worst countries in terms of incidence and mortality rate in the monitored period. Luxembourg, Belarus and Moldova accompanied the group of the worst countries in terms of incidence rate and Italy, France and the Netherland in terms of mortality rate. Correlation analysis and the Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon) test proved statistically significant positive relationship between mortality rate and age. Log-log linear regression analysis proved that higher age accelerated the growth of mortality rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Zach
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Faculty of Economics and Management, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Martina Hanová
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Faculty of Economics and Management, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Mária Letkovičová
- Environment a.s., Centre for Biostatistics and Environment, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
John CC, Ponnusamy V, Krishnan Chandrasekaran S, R N. A Survey on Mathematical, Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models for COVID-19 Transmission and Diagnosis. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2021; 15:325-340. [PMID: 33769936 PMCID: PMC8905610 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2021.3069213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a life threatening disease which has a enormous global impact. As the cause of the disease is a novel coronavirus whose gene information is unknown, drugs and vaccines are yet to be found. For the present situation, disease spread analysis and prediction with the help of mathematical and data driven model will be of great help to initiate prevention and control action, namely lockdown and qurantine. There are various mathematical and machine-learning models proposed for analyzing the spread and prediction. Each model has its own limitations and advantages for a particluar scenario. This article reviews the state-of-the art mathematical models for COVID-19, including compartment models, statistical models and machine learning models to provide more insight, so that an appropriate model can be well adopted for the disease spread analysis. Furthermore, accurate diagnose of COVID-19 is another essential process to identify the infected person and control further spreading. As the spreading is fast, there is a need for quick auotomated diagnosis mechanism to handle large population. Deep-learning and machine-learning based diagnostic mechanism will be more appropriate for this purpose. In this aspect, a comprehensive review on the deep learning models for the diagnosis of the disease is also provided in this article.
Collapse
|
35
|
How the global health security index and environment factor influence the spread of COVID-19: A country level analysis. One Health 2021; 12:100235. [PMID: 33723518 PMCID: PMC7943391 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The progress of viral diseases such as the new coronavirus (COVID-19) can be influenced not only by social isolation policies, but also by climatic factors. Understanding how these factors affect the progress of the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be essential to know the risks each country is facing because of the disease. In this study, we verified the existence of a relationship between the basic reproduction number (R0) of SARS-CoV-2 with different climate variables, while also considering the Global Health Security Index (GHS). We collected data from confirmed cases of COVID-19 along with their respective GHS notes and climate data, from December 31, 2019 to April 13, 2020, for 52 countries. The generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to explore the effect of temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation index, and GHS score on the spread rate of COVID-19. The countries that showed similarity to each other were grouped into clusters using the Kohonen self-organizing map methodology to investigate the importance of each variable in the dissemination of the disease. The temperature variable presented a linear relationship (p < 0.001) with the R0, with an explained variation of 36.2%, while the relative humidity variable did not present a significant relationship with the R0. The response curve of the solar radiation variable presented a significant nonlinear relationship (p < 0.001) with an explained variation of 32.3%. The GHS index variable, with a significant nonlinear relationship (p < 0.001), presented the largest explanatory response in the control of COVID-19, with an explained variation of 38.4%; further, it was observed that the countries with the largest GHS index scores were less influenced by climate variables.
Collapse
|
36
|
COVID-19 Infection and Mortality: Association with PM2.5 Concentration and Population Density—An Exploratory Study. ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijgi10030123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a public health problem at a global scale because of its high infection and mortality rate. It has affected most countries in the world, and the number of confirmed cases and death toll is still growing rapidly. Susceptibility studies have been conducted in specific countries, where COVID-19 infection and mortality rates were highly related to demographics and air pollution, especially PM2.5, but there are few studies on a global scale. This paper is an exploratory study of the relationship between confirmed COVID-19 cases and death toll per million population, population density, and PM2.5 concentration on a worldwide basis. A multivariate linear regression based on Moran eigenvector spatial filtering model and Geographically weighted regression model were undertaken to analyze the relationship between population density, PM2.5 concentration, and COVID-19 infection and mortality rate, and a geostatistical method with bivariate local spatial association analysis was adopted to explore their spatial correlations. The results show that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between COVID-19 confirmed cases and death toll per million population, population density, and PM2.5 concentration, but the relationship displays obvious spatial heterogeneity. While some adjacent countries are likely to have similar characteristics, it suggests that the countries with close contacts/sharing borders and similar spatial pattern of population density and PM2.5 concentration tend to have similar patterns of COVID-19 risk. The analysis provides an interpretation of the statistical and spatial association of COVID-19 with population density and PM2.5 concentration, which has implications for the control and abatement of COVID-19 in terms of both infection and mortality.
Collapse
|
37
|
Watson GL, Xiong D, Zhang L, Zoller JA, Shamshoian J, Sundin P, Bufford T, Rimoin AW, Suchard MA, Ramirez CM. Pandemic velocity: Forecasting COVID-19 in the US with a machine learning & Bayesian time series compartmental model. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008837. [PMID: 33780443 PMCID: PMC8031749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictions of COVID-19 case growth and mortality are critical to the decisions of political leaders, businesses, and individuals grappling with the pandemic. This predictive task is challenging due to the novelty of the virus, limited data, and dynamic political and societal responses. We embed a Bayesian time series model and a random forest algorithm within an epidemiological compartmental model for empirically grounded COVID-19 predictions. The Bayesian case model fits a location-specific curve to the velocity (first derivative) of the log transformed cumulative case count, borrowing strength across geographic locations and incorporating prior information to obtain a posterior distribution for case trajectories. The compartmental model uses this distribution and predicts deaths using a random forest algorithm trained on COVID-19 data and population-level characteristics, yielding daily projections and interval estimates for cases and deaths in U.S. states. We evaluated the model by training it on progressively longer periods of the pandemic and computing its predictive accuracy over 21-day forecasts. The substantial variation in predicted trajectories and associated uncertainty between states is illustrated by comparing three unique locations: New York, Colorado, and West Virginia. The sophistication and accuracy of this COVID-19 model offer reliable predictions and uncertainty estimates for the current trajectory of the pandemic in the U.S. and provide a platform for future predictions as shifting political and societal responses alter its course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L. Watson
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Di Xiong
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Zoller
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - John Shamshoian
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Phillip Sundin
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Teresa Bufford
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Anne W. Rimoin
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Marc A. Suchard
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Departments of Computational Medicine and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Christina M. Ramirez
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Intraregional propagation of Covid-19 cases in Pará, Brazil: assessment of isolation regime to lockdown. Epidemiol Infect 2021; 149:e72. [PMID: 33592163 PMCID: PMC7985889 DOI: 10.1017/s095026882100039x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the high incidence of COVID-19 case numbers internationally, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a Public Health Emergency of global relevance, advising countries to follow protocols to combat pandemic advance through actions that can reduce spread and consequently avoid a collapse in the local health system. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of the evolution of new community cases, and mortality records of COVID-19 in the State of Pará, which has a subtropical climate with temperatures between 20 and 35 °C, after the implementation of social distancing by quarantine and adoption of lockdown. The follow-up was carried out by the daily data from the technical bulletins provided by the State of Pará Public Health Secretary (SESPA). On 18 March 2020, Pará notified the first case of COVID-19. After 7 weeks, the number of confirmed cases reached 4756 with 375 deaths. The results show it took 49 days for 81% of the 144 states municipalities, distributed over an area of approximately 1 248 000 km2 to register COVID-19 cases. Temperature variations between 24.5 and 33.1 °C did not promote the decline in the new infections curve. The association between social isolation, quarantine and lockdown as an action to contain the infection was effective in reducing the region's new cases registration of COVID-19 in the short-term. However, short periods of lockdown may have promoted the virus spread among peripheral municipalities of the capital, as well as to inland regions.
Collapse
|
39
|
Das A, Ghosh S, Das K, Basu T, Dutta I, Das M. Living environment matters: Unravelling the spatial clustering of COVID-19 hotspots in Kolkata megacity, India. SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2021; 65:102577. [PMID: 33163331 PMCID: PMC7604127 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of COVID-19 has brought a serious global public health threats especially for most of the cities across the world even in India more than 50 % of the total cases were reported from large ten cities. Kolkata Megacity became one of the major COVID-19 hotspot cities in India. Living environment deprivation is one of the significant risk factor of infectious diseases transmissions like COVID-19. The paper aims to examine the impact of living environment deprivation on COVID-19 hotspot in Kolkata megacity. COVID-19 hotspot maps were prepared using Getis-Ord-Gi* statistic and index of multiple deprivations (IMD) across the wards were assessed using Geographically Weighted Principal Component Analysis (GWPCA).Five count data regression models such as Poisson regression (PR), negative binomial regression (NBR), hurdle regression (HR), zero-inflated Poisson regression (ZIPR), and zero-inflated negative binomial regression (ZINBR) were used to understand the impact of living environment deprivation on COVID-19 hotspot in Kolkata megacity. The findings of the study revealed that living environment deprivation was an important determinant of spatial clustering of COVID-19 hotspots in Kolkata megacity and zero-inflated negative binomial regression (ZINBR) better explains this relationship with highest variations (adj. R2: 71.3 %) and lowest BIC and AIC as compared to the others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Das
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, India
| | - Sasanka Ghosh
- Department of Geography, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, India
| | - Kalikinkar Das
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, India
| | - Tirthankar Basu
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, India
| | - Ipsita Dutta
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, India
| | - Manob Das
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Devaraj J, Madurai Elavarasan R, Pugazhendhi R, Shafiullah GM, Ganesan S, Jeysree AK, Khan IA, Hossain E. Forecasting of COVID-19 cases using deep learning models: Is it reliable and practically significant? RESULTS IN PHYSICS 2021; 21:103817. [PMID: 33462560 PMCID: PMC7806459 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinp.2021.103817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic prevails as an ultimatum to the global economic growth and henceforth, all of society since neither a curing drug nor a preventing vaccine is discovered. The spread of COVID-19 is increasing day by day, imposing human lives and economy at risk. Due to the increased enormity of the number of COVID-19 cases, the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is imperative in the current scenario. AI would be a powerful tool to fight against this pandemic outbreak by predicting the number of cases in advance. Deep learning-based time series techniques are considered to predict world-wide COVID-19 cases in advance for short-term and medium-term dependencies with adaptive learning. Initially, the data pre-processing and feature extraction is made with the real world COVID-19 dataset. Subsequently, the prediction of cumulative confirmed, death and recovered global cases are modelled with Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Stacked Long Short-Term Memory (SLSTM) and Prophet approaches. For long-term forecasting of COVID-19 cases, multivariate LSTM models is employed. The performance metrics are computed for all the models and the prediction results are subjected to comparative analysis to identify the most reliable model. From the results, it is evident that the Stacked LSTM algorithm yields higher accuracy with an error of less than 2% as compared to the other considered algorithms for the studied performance metrics. Country-specific analysis and city-specific analysis of COVID-19 cases for India and Chennai, respectively, are predicted and analyzed in detail. Also, statistical hypothesis analysis and correlation analysis are done on the COVID-19 datasets by including the features like temperature, rainfall, population, total infected cases, area and population density during the months of May, June, July and August to find out the best suitable model. Further, practical significance of predicting COVID-19 cases is elucidated in terms of assessing pandemic characteristics, scenario planning, optimization of models and supporting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayanthi Devaraj
- Department of Information Technology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai 602117, India
| | | | - Rishi Pugazhendhi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai 602117, India
| | - G M Shafiullah
- Discipline of Engineering and Energy, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Sumathi Ganesan
- Department of Information Technology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai 602117, India
| | - Ajay Kaarthic Jeysree
- Department of Information Technology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai 602117, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad Khan
- Clean and Resilient Energy Systems (CARES) Laboratory, Texas A&M University, Galveston, TX 77553, USA
| | - Eklas Hossain
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Renewable Energy, Oregon Renewable Energy Center (OREC), Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, OR 97601, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
A method based on Graph Theory and Three Way Decisions to evaluate critical regions in epidemic diffusion:: An analysis of COVID-19 in Italy. APPL INTELL 2021; 51:2939-2955. [PMID: 34764578 PMCID: PMC7808933 DOI: 10.1007/s10489-020-02173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The paper reports the results of an analysis of COVID-19 diffusion in Italy. The analysis was carried out with a new method based on the combined use of a 3 Way Decisions model and graph theory. Specifically, the data about infected people in the Italian regions is assessed by means of an evaluation function which allows the tri-partitioning of Italy and the identification of high, medium or low critical regions. The tri-partition is performed, along the temporal evolution of the COVID-19 diffusion, by calculating two threshold values which take into account the containment actions that, from time to time, the decision makers have implemented. The effects of a containment action are related to a reduction in the centrality value of a region. To estimate the effect of containment actions, we evaluated two approaches. The first is based on a uniform reduction in the centrality values of the regions, the second estimates the effects of containment actions starting from the mobility changes data provided by the Google Community Mobility reports. The results of our evaluation based on real data of the COVID-19 diffusion in Italy are encouraging and represent a good starting point for future extensions of the method.
Collapse
|
42
|
Oladapo BI, Ismail SO, Afolalu TD, Olawade DB, Zahedi M. Review on 3D printing: Fight against COVID-19. MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2021; 258:123943. [PMID: 33106717 PMCID: PMC7578746 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its pandemic effects have created a demand for essential medical equipment. To date, there are no specific, clinically significant licensed drugs and vaccines available for COVID-19. Hence, mapping out COVID-19 problems and preventing the spread with relevant technology are very urgent. This study is a review of the work done till October, 2020 on solving COVID-19 with 3D printing. Many patients who need to be hospitalized because of COVID-19 can only survive on bio-macromolecules antiviral respiratory assistance and other medical devices. A bio-cellular face shield with relative comfortability made of bio-macromolecules polymerized polyvinyl chloride (BPVC) and other biomaterials are produced with 3D printers. Summarily, it was evident from this review study that additive manufacturing (AM) is a proffered technology for efficient production of an improved bio-macromolecules capable of significant COVID-19 test and personal protective equipment (PPE) to reduce the effect of COVID-19 on the world economy. Innovative AM applications can play an essential role to combat invisible killers (COVID-19) and its hydra-headed pandemic effects on humans, economics and society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bankole I Oladapo
- School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Sikiru O Ismail
- Center for Engineering Research, School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | - David B Olawade
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mohsen Zahedi
- Department of Computer Engineering, University of Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kalantari M. Forecasting COVID-19 pandemic using optimal singular spectrum analysis. CHAOS, SOLITONS, AND FRACTALS 2021; 142:110547. [PMID: 33311861 PMCID: PMC7719007 DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic that has affected all countries in the world. The aim of this study is to examine the potential advantages of Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) for forecasting the number of daily confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries caused by COVID-19, which are the three main variables of interest. This paper contributes to the literature on forecasting COVID-19 pandemic in several ways. Firstly, an algorithm is proposed to calculate the optimal parameters of SSA including window length and the number of leading components. Secondly, the results of two forecasting approaches in the SSA, namely vector and recurrent forecasting, are compared to those from other commonly used time series forecasting techniques. These include Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Fractional ARIMA (ARFIMA), Exponential Smoothing, TBATS, and Neural Network Autoregression (NNAR). Thirdly, the best forecasting model is chosen based on the accuracy measure Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and it is applied to forecast 40 days ahead. These forecasts can help us to predict the future behaviour of this disease and make better decisions. The dataset of Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University is adopted to forecast the number of daily confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries for top ten affected countries until October 29, 2020. The findings of this investigation show that no single model can provide the best model for any of the countries and forecasting horizons considered here. However, the SSA technique is found to be viable option for forecasting the number of daily confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries caused by COVID-19 based on the number of times that it outperforms the competing models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Kalantari
- Department of Statistics, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ren J, Yan Y, Zhao H, Ma P, Zabalza J, Hussain Z, Luo S, Dai Q, Zhao S, Sheikh A, Hussain A, Li H. A Novel Intelligent Computational Approach to Model Epidemiological Trends and Assess the Impact of Non-Pharmacological Interventions for COVID-19. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2020; 24:3551-3563. [PMID: 32997638 PMCID: PMC8545177 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2020.3027987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a worldwide crisis in public health. It is crucial we understand the epidemiological trends and impact of non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs), such as lockdowns for effective management of the disease and control of its spread. We develop and validate a novel intelligent computational model to predict epidemiological trends of COVID-19, with the model parameters enabling an evaluation of the impact of NPIs. By representing the number of daily confirmed cases (NDCC) as a time-series, we assume that, with or without NPIs, the pattern of the pandemic satisfies a series of Gaussian distributions according to the central limit theorem. The underlying pandemic trend is first extracted using a singular spectral analysis (SSA) technique, which decomposes the NDCC time series into the sum of a small number of independent and interpretable components such as a slow varying trend, oscillatory components and structureless noise. We then use a mixture of Gaussian fitting (GF) to derive a novel predictive model for the SSA extracted NDCC incidence trend, with the overall model termed SSA-GF. Our proposed model is shown to accurately predict the NDCC trend, peak daily cases, the length of the pandemic period, the total confirmed cases and the associated dates of the turning points on the cumulated NDCC curve. Further, the three key model parameters, specifically, the amplitude (alpha), mean (mu), and standard deviation (sigma) are linked to the underlying pandemic patterns, and enable a directly interpretable evaluation of the impact of NPIs, such as strict lockdowns and travel restrictions. The predictive model is validated using available data from China and South Korea, and new predictions are made, partially requiring future validation, for the cases of Italy, Spain, the UK and the USA. Comparative results demonstrate that the introduction of consistent control measures across countries can lead to development of similar parametric models, reflected in particular by relative variations in their underlying sigma, alpha and mu values. The paper concludes with a number of open questions and outlines future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinchang Ren
- School of Computer ScienceGuangdong Polytechnic University (GPNU)Guangzhou510665China
- Department of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XWU.K.
| | - Yijun Yan
- Department of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XWU.K.
| | - Huimin Zhao
- School of Computer ScienceGuangdong Polytechnic University (GPNU)Guangzhou510665China
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XWU.K.
| | - Jaime Zabalza
- Department of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XWU.K.
| | - Zain Hussain
- School of MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH8 9AGU.K.
| | | | | | - Sophia Zhao
- Department of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XWU.K.
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- School of MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH8 9AGU.K.
| | - Amir Hussain
- Edinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghEH10 5DTU.K.
| | - Huakang Li
- School of Computer ScienceGuangdong Polytechnic University (GPNU)Guangzhou510665China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Modeling the Political Economy and Multidimensional Factors of COVID-19 Cases in Nigeria. JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, RACE, AND POLICY 2020; 3:223-242. [PMID: 35300317 PMCID: PMC7649302 DOI: 10.1007/s41996-020-00070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Both the clinical and epidemiological significance attached to COVID-19 cases by a small, but growing literature on coronavirus are not in any way undermined by the relevance of political economy and multidimensional impacts of other factors on the virus, particularly from country specific stance. In light of the stark reality, this study unravels the political economy and multidimensional factors of COVID-19 cases in Nigeria using the daily data spanning 27th of February through 26th of May, 2020. This paper deploys a variety of count data estimators to estimate the effects of political economy and ethno-religious factors on COVID-19 cases in Nigeria. The parameter estimates reveal that the odds of the Hausa ethnic group in human-to-human transmission of the virus, to be in the "Certain Zero" group is relatively less as compared to other ethnic groups in the country. A plausible reason, particularly for the vulnerable group can be attributed, in part, to their low levels of educational attainment as well as their staunch religious belief with respect to the act of soul taking as being the exclusive property of the creator than the created. Thus, addressing ethno-religious concerns together with socioeconomic factors remain the formidable mitigation policy choices to combating the scourge of the global virus of COVID-19.
Collapse
|
46
|
Starr MR, Israilevich R, Zhitnitsky M, Cheng QE, Soares RR, Patel LG, Ammar MJ, Khan MA, Yonekawa Y, Ho AC, Cohen MN, Sridhar J, Kuriyan AE. Practice Patterns and Responsiveness to Simulated Common Ocular Complaints Among US Ophthalmology Centers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Ophthalmol 2020; 138:981-988. [PMID: 32777008 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.3237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Importance The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has drastically changed how comprehensive ophthalmology practices care for patients. Objective To report practice patterns for common ocular complaints during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic among comprehensive ophthalmology practices in the US. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cross-sectional study, 40 private practices and 20 university centers were randomly selected from 4 regions across the US. Data were collected on April 29 and 30, 2020. Interventions Investigators placed telephone calls to each ophthalmology practice office. Responses to 3 clinical scenarios-refraction request, cataract evaluation, and symptoms of a posterior vitreous detachment-were compared regionally and between private and university centers. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary measure was time to next appointment for each of the 3 scenarios. Secondary measures included use of telemedicine and advertisement of COVID-19 precautions. Results Of the 40 private practices, 2 (5%) were closed, 24 (60%) were only seeing urgent patients, and 14 (35%) remained open to all patients. Of the 20 university centers, 2 (10%) were closed, 17 (85%) were only seeing urgent patients, and 1 (5%) remained open to all patients. There were no differences for any telemedicine metric. University centers were more likely than private practices to mention preparations to limit the spread of COVID-19 (17 of 20 [85%] vs 14 of 40 [35%]; mean difference, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.26-0.65; P < .001). Private practices had a faster next available appointment for cataract evaluations than university centers, with a mean (SD) time to visit of 22.1 (27.0) days vs 75.5 (46.1) days (mean difference, 53.4; 95% CI, 23.1-83.7; P < .001). Private practices were also more likely than university centers to be available to see patients with flashes and floaters (30 of 40 [75%] vs 8 of 20 [40%]; mean difference, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.22-0.79; P = .01). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of investigator telephone calls to ophthalmology practice offices, there were uniform recommendations for the 3 routine ophthalmic complaints. Private practices had shorter times to next available appointment for cataract extraction and were more likely to evaluate posterior vitreous detachment symptoms. As there has not been a study examining these practice patterns before the COVID-19 pandemic, the relevance of these findings on public health is yet to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Starr
- Mid Atlantic Retina, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rachel Israilevich
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Qianqian E Cheng
- Mid Atlantic Retina, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rebecca R Soares
- Mid Atlantic Retina, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Luv G Patel
- Mid Atlantic Retina, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Ammar
- Mid Atlantic Retina, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - M Ali Khan
- Mid Atlantic Retina, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yoshihiro Yonekawa
- Mid Atlantic Retina, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Allen C Ho
- Mid Atlantic Retina, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael N Cohen
- Mid Atlantic Retina, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jayanth Sridhar
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ajay E Kuriyan
- Mid Atlantic Retina, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hazarika BB, Gupta D. Modelling and forecasting of COVID-19 spread using wavelet-coupled random vector functional link networks. Appl Soft Comput 2020; 96:106626. [PMID: 32834800 PMCID: PMC7423518 DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Researchers around the world are applying various prediction models for COVID-19 to make informed decisions and impose appropriate control measures. Because of a high degree of uncertainty and lack of necessary data, the traditional models showed low accuracy over the long term forecast. Although the literature contains several attempts to address this issue, there is a need to improve the essential prediction capability of existing models. Therefore, this study focuses on modelling and forecasting of COVID-19 spread in the top 5 worst-hit countries as per the reports on 10th July 2020. They are Brazil, India, Peru, Russia and the USA. For this purpose, the popular and powerful random vector functional link (RVFL) network is hybridized with 1-D discrete wavelet transform and a wavelet-coupled RVFL (WCRVFL) network is proposed. The prediction performance of the proposed model is compared with the state-of-the-art support vector regression (SVR) model and the conventional RVFL model. A 60 day ahead daily forecasting is also shown for the proposed model. Experimental results indicate the potential of the WCRVFL model for COVID-19 spread forecasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barenya Bikash Hazarika
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, National Institute of Technology Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Gupta
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, National Institute of Technology Arunachal Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Testing the Accuracy of the ARIMA Models in Forecasting the Spreading of COVID-19 and the Associated Mortality Rate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56110566. [PMID: 33121072 PMCID: PMC7694177 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56110566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The current pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has not only changed, but also affected the lives of tens of millions of people around the world in these last nine to ten months. Although the situation is stable to some extent within the developed countries, approximately one million have already died as a consequence of the unique symptomatology that these people displayed. Thus, the need to develop an effective strategy for monitoring, restricting, but especially for predicting the evolution of COVID-19 is urgent, especially in middle-class countries such as Romania. Material and Methods: Therefore, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models have been created, aiming to predict the epidemiological course of COVID-19 in Romania by using two statistical software (STATGRAPHICS Centurion (v.18.1.13) and IBM SPSS (v.20.0.0)). To increase the accuracy, we collected data between the established interval (1 March, 31 August) from the official website of the Romanian Government and the World Health Organization. Results: Several ARIMA models were generated from which ARIMA (1,2,1), ARIMA (3,2,2), ARIMA (3,1,3), ARIMA (3,2,2), ARIMA (3,1,3), ARIMA (2,2,2) and ARIMA (1,2,1) were considered the best models. For this, we took into account the lowest value of mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for March, April, May, June, July, and August (MAPEMarch = 9.3225, MAPEApril = 0.975287, MAPEMay = 0.227675, MAPEJune = 0.161412, MAPEJuly = 0.243285, MAPEAugust = 0.163873, MAPEMarch – August = 2.29175 for STATGRAPHICS Centurion (v.18.1.13) and MAPEMarch = 57.505, MAPEApril = 1.152, MAPEMay = 0.259, MAPEJune = 0.185, MAPEJuly = 0.307, MAPEAugust = 0.194, and MAPEMarch – August = 6.013 for IBM SPSS (v.20.0.0) respectively. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that ARIMA is a useful statistical model for making predictions and provides an idea of the epidemiological status of the country of interest.
Collapse
|
49
|
Arora P, Kumar H, Panigrahi BK. Prediction and analysis of COVID-19 positive cases using deep learning models: A descriptive case study of India. CHAOS, SOLITONS, AND FRACTALS 2020; 139:110017. [PMID: 32572310 PMCID: PMC7298499 DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, Deep Learning-based models are used for predicting the number of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) positive reported cases for 32 states and union territories of India. Recurrent neural network (RNN) based long-short term memory (LSTM) variants such as Deep LSTM, Convolutional LSTM and Bi-directional LSTM are applied on Indian dataset to predict the number of positive cases. LSTM model with minimum error is chosen for predicting daily and weekly cases. It is observed that the proposed method yields high accuracy for short term prediction with error less than 3% for daily predictions and less than 8% for weekly predictions. Indian states are categorised into different zones based on the spread of positive cases and daily growth rate for easy identification of novel coronavirus hot-spots. Preventive measures to reduce the spread in respective zones are also suggested. A website is created where the state-wise predictions are updated using the proposed model for authorities,researchers and planners. This study can be applied by other countries for predicting COVID-19 cases at the state or national level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parul Arora
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Bijaya Ketan Panigrahi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chakraborty S, Choudhary AK, Sarma M, Hazarika MK. Reaction order and neural network approaches for the simulation of COVID-19 spreading kinetic in India. Infect Dis Model 2020; 5:737-747. [PMID: 32989426 PMCID: PMC7511200 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has created a pandemic situation in the whole world. Controlling of COVID-19 spreading rate in the social environment is a challenge for all individuals. In the present study, simulation of the lockdown effect on the COVID-19 spreading rate in India and mapping of its recovery percentage (until May 2020) were investigated. Investigation of the lockdown impact dependent on first order reaction kinetics demonstrated higher effect of lockdown 1 on controlling the COVID-19 spreading rate when contrasted with lockdown 2 and 3. Although decreasing trend was followed for the reaction rate constant of different lockdown stages, the distinction between the lockdown 2 and 3 was minimal. Mathematical and feed forward neural network (FFNN) approaches were applied for the simulation of COVID-19 spreading rate. In case of mathematical approach, exponential model indicated adequate performance for the prediction of the spreading rate behavior. For the FFNN based modeling, 1-5-1 was selected as the best architecture so as to predict adequate spreading rate for all the cases. The architecture also showed effective performance in order to forecast number of cases for next 14 days. The recovery percentage was modeled as a function of number of days with the assistance of polynomial fitting. Therefore, the investigation recommends proper social distancing and efficient management of corona virus in order to achieve higher decreasing trend of reaction rate constant and required recovery percentage for the stabilization of India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Chakraborty
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Arun Kumar Choudhary
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology (NERIST), Arunachal Pradesh, 791109, India
| | - Mausumi Sarma
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Manuj Kumar Hazarika
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Assam, 784028, India
| |
Collapse
|