1
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Michaut A, Chamolly A, Villedieu A, Corson F, Gros J. A tension-induced morphological transition shapes the avian extra-embryonic territory. Curr Biol 2025; 35:1681-1692.e4. [PMID: 40081377 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2025.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 12/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025]
Abstract
The segregation of the extra-embryonic lineage is one of the earliest events and a key step in amniote development. Whereas the regulation of extra-embryonic cell fate specification has been extensively studied, little is known about the morphogenetic events underlying the formation of this lineage. Here, taking advantage of the amenability of avian embryos to live and quantitative imaging, we investigate the cell- and tissue-scale dynamics of epiboly, the process during which the epiblast expands to engulf the entire yolk. We show that tension arising from the outward migration of the epiblast border on the vitelline membrane stretches extra-embryonic cells, which reversibly transition from a columnar to a squamous morphology. The propagation of this tension is strongly attenuated in the embryonic territory, which concomitantly undergoes fluid-like motion, culminating in the formation of the primitive streak. We formulate a simple viscoelastic model in which the epiblast responds elastically to isotropic stress but, on a similar timescale, flows in response to shear stress, and we show that it recapitulates the flows and deformation of both embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues. Together, our results clarify the mechanical basis of early avian embryogenesis and provide a framework unifying the divergent mechanical behaviors observed in the contiguous embryonic and extra-embryonic territories that make up the epiblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Michaut
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3738, Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Department, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alexander Chamolly
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3738, Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Department, 75015 Paris, France; Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, ENS, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Villedieu
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3738, Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Department, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Francis Corson
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, ENS, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Jérôme Gros
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3738, Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Department, 75015 Paris, France.
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2
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Wilson MH, Hensley MR, Shen MC, Lu HY, Quinlivan VH, Busch-Nentwich EM, Rawls JF, Farber SA. Zebrafish are resilient to the loss of major diacylglycerol acyltransferase enzymes. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107973. [PMID: 39510175 PMCID: PMC11663968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 10/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/30/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024] Open
Abstract
In zebrafish, maternally deposited yolk is the source of nutrients for embryogenesis prior to digestive system maturation. Yolk nutrients are processed and secreted to the growing organism by an extra-embryonic tissue, the yolk syncytial layer (YSL). The export of lipids from the YSL occurs through the production of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. Here we report that mutations in the triacylglycerol synthesis enzyme, diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 (Dgat2), cause yolk sac opacity due to aberrant accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets in the YSL. Although triacylglycerol synthesis continues, it is not properly coupled to lipoprotein production as dgat2 mutants produce fewer, smaller, ApoB-containing lipoproteins. Unlike DGAT2-null mice, which are lipopenic and die soon after birth, zebrafish dgat2 mutants are viable, fertile, and exhibit normal mass and adiposity. Residual Dgat activity cannot be explained by the activity of other known Dgat isoenzymes, as dgat1a;dgat1b;dgat2 triple mutants continue to produce YSL lipid droplets and remain viable as adults. Further, the newly identified diacylglycerol acyltransferase, Tmem68, is also not responsible for the residual triacylglycerol synthesis activity. Unlike overexpression of Dgat1a and Dgat1b, monoacylglycerol acyltransferase-3 (Mogat3b) overexpression does not rescue yolk opacity, suggesting it does not possess Dgat activity in the YSL. However, mogat3b;dgat2 double mutants exhibit increased yolk opacity and often have structural alterations of the yolk extension. Quadruple mogat3b;dgat1a;dgat1b;dgat2 mutants either have severely reduced viability and stunted growth or do not survive past 3 days post fertilization, depending on the dgat2 mutant allele present. Our study highlights the remarkable ability of vertebrates to synthesize triacylglycerol through multiple biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith H Wilson
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Monica R Hensley
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Meng-Chieh Shen
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hsiu-Yi Lu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vanessa H Quinlivan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - John F Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven A Farber
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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3
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Aoki K, Higuchi T, Akieda Y, Matsubara K, Ohkawa Y, Ishitani T. Mechano-gradients drive morphogen-noise correction to ensure robust patterning. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadp2357. [PMID: 39546611 PMCID: PMC11567007 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp2357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024]
Abstract
Morphogen gradients instruct cells to pattern tissues. Although the mechanisms by which morphogens transduce chemical signals have been extensively studied, the roles and regulation of the physical communication between morphogen-receiver cells remain unclear. Here, we show that the Wnt/β-catenin-morphogen gradient, which patterns the embryonic anterior-posterior (AP) axis, generates intercellular tension gradients along the AP axis by controlling membrane cadherin levels in zebrafish embryos. This "mechano-gradient" is used for the cell competition-driven correction of noisy morphogen gradients. Naturally and artificially generated unfit cells, producing noisy Wnt/β-catenin gradients, induce local deformation of the mechano-gradients that activate mechanosensitive calcium channels in the neighboring fit cells, which then secrete annexin A1a to kill unfit cells. Thus, chemo-mechanical interconversion-mediated competitive communication between the morphogen-receiver cells ensures precise tissue patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Aoki
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taiki Higuchi
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Akieda
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kotone Matsubara
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-0054, Japan
| | - Tohru Ishitani
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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4
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da Silva Pescador G, Baia Amaral D, Varberg JM, Zhang Y, Hao Y, Florens L, Bazzini AA. Protein profiling of zebrafish embryos unmasks regulatory layers during early embryogenesis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114769. [PMID: 39302832 PMCID: PMC11544563 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The maternal-to-zygotic transition is crucial in embryonic development, marked by the degradation of maternally provided mRNAs and initiation of zygotic gene expression. However, the changes occurring at the protein level during this transition remain unclear. Here, we conducted protein profiling throughout zebrafish embryogenesis using quantitative mass spectrometry, integrating transcriptomics and translatomics datasets. Our data show that, unlike RNA changes, protein changes are less dynamic. Further, increases in protein levels correlate with mRNA translation, whereas declines in protein levels do not, suggesting active protein degradation processes. Interestingly, proteins from pure zygotic genes are present at fertilization, challenging existing mRNA-based gene classifications. As a proof of concept, we utilized CRISPR-Cas13d to target znf281b mRNA, a gene whose protein significantly accumulates within the first 2 h post-fertilization, demonstrating its crucial role in development. Consequently, our protein profiling, coupled with CRISPR-Cas13d, offers a complementary approach to unraveling maternal factor function during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph M Varberg
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Yan Hao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Laurence Florens
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Ariel A Bazzini
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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5
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Graham GJ, Ibanez EM, Mitchell LJ, Weis KE, Raetzman LT, Cortesi F, Rhodes JS. Generation of the First Transgenic Line of the Iconic Coral Reef Fish Amphiprion ocellaris. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 26:1067-1078. [PMID: 39158665 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-024-10357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
The common clownfish, Amphiprion ocellaris, is an iconic coral reef fish, ubiquitous in the marine aquarium hobby and useful for studying a variety of biological processes (e.g., mutual symbiosis, ultraviolet vision, and protandrous sex change). Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 methods were developed for knocking out specific genes for mechanistic studies. Here, we expand the genetic toolkit for A. ocellaris by creating the first transgenic line using the Tol2 transposon system. Fertilized eggs were co-injected with Tol2 transposase mRNA and a plasmid encoding an elongation factor-1α (Ef1α): green fluorescent protein (GFP) cassette at various concentrations, needle tip dimensions, and timepoints post-fertilization. We compared various injection parameters and sterilization methods to maximize the survival of injected eggs. F0s (n = 10) that were genotyped GFP + were then raised to 6 months of age and crossed with wild-type (WT) females to confirm germline transmission. F1 offspring were also raised and crossed in the same manner. The highly efficient Tol2 transposon system resulted in a 37% rate of transgenesis for surviving eggs amounting to a 2.7% yield of all injected eggs surviving and being GFP + (n = 160). Of these, 10 were raised to adulthood, 8 spawned, and 5/8 (62.5%) produced GFP + offspring. Further, two F1s crossed with WT females produced 54.2% and 44.6% GFP + offspring respectively, confirming the creation of a stable line. This is, to our knowledge, the first generation of a transgenic line in any coral reef fish. The ability to express transgenes of interest in the iconic anemonefish opens the door to a new era of exploration into their fascinating biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel J Graham
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Emma M Ibanez
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Laurie J Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna Son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Karen E Weis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Lori T Raetzman
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Fabio Cortesi
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Justin S Rhodes
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA.
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6
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Shah MA, Xie X, Rodina M, Stundl J, Braasch I, Šindelka R, Rzepkowska M, Saito T, Pšenička M. Sturgeon gut development: a unique yolk utilization strategy among vertebrates. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1358702. [PMID: 38872929 PMCID: PMC11169612 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1358702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, maternally supplied yolk is typically used in one of two ways: either intracellularly by endodermal cells or extracellularly via the yolk sac. This study delves into the distinctive gut development in sturgeons, which are among the most ancient extant fish groups, contrasting it with that of other vertebrates. Our observations indicate that while sturgeon endodermal cells form the archenteron (i.e., the primitive gut) dorsally, the floor of the archenteron is uniquely composed of extraembryonic yolk cells (YCs). As development progresses, during neurulation, the archenteric cavity inflates, expands laterally, and roofs a semicircle of YCs. By the pharyngula stage, the cavity fully encompasses the YC mass, which begins to be digested at the hatching stage. This suggests a notable deviation in sturgeon gut development from that in other vertebrates, as their digestive tract initiates its function by processing endogenous nutrition even before external feeding begins. Our findings highlight the evolutionary diversity of gut development strategies among vertebrates and provide new insights into the developmental biology of sturgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujahid Ali Shah
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, Czechia
| | - Xuan Xie
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, Czechia
| | - Marek Rodina
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, Czechia
| | - Jan Stundl
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, Czechia
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Ingo Braasch
- Department of Integrative Biology and Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Radek Šindelka
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Małgorzata Rzepkowska
- Department of Ichthyology and Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Taiju Saito
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, Czechia
- South Ehime Fisheries Research Centre, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Martin Pšenička
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, Czechia
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7
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Moll TO, Klemek ML, Farber SA. Directly Measuring Atherogenic Lipoprotein Kinetics in Zebrafish with the Photoconvertible LipoTimer Reporter. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.29.596423. [PMID: 38853962 PMCID: PMC11160697 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.29.596423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Lipoprotein kinetics are a crucial factor in understanding lipoprotein metabolism since a prolonged time in circulation can contribute to the atherogenic character of apolipoprotein-B (ApoB)-containing lipoproteins (B-lps). Here, we report a method to directly measure lipoprotein kinetics in live developing animals. We developed a zebrafish geneticly encoded reporter, LipoTimer, in which endogenous ApoBb.1 is fused to the photoconvertible fluorophore Dendra2 which shift its emission profile from green to red upon UV exposure. By quantifying the red population of ApoB-Dendra2 over time, we found that B-lp turnover in wild-type larvae becomes faster as development proceeds. Mutants with impaired B-lp uptake or lipolysis present with increased B-lp levels and half-life. In contrast, mutants with impaired B-lp triglyceride loading display slightly fewer and smaller-B-lps, which have a significantly shorter B-lp half-life. Further, we showed that chronic high-cholesterol feeding is associated with a longer B-lp half-life in wild-type juveniles but does not lead to changes in B-lp half-life in lipolysis deficient apoC2 mutants. These data support the hypothesis that B-lp lipolysis is suppressed by the flood of intestinal-derived B-lps that follow a high-fat meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea O.C. Moll
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Steven A. Farber
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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8
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Moll T, Farber SA. Zebrafish ApoB-Containing Lipoprotein Metabolism: A Closer Look. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1053-1064. [PMID: 38482694 PMCID: PMC11042983 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Zebrafish have become a powerful model of mammalian lipoprotein metabolism and lipid cell biology. Most key proteins involved in lipid metabolism, including cholesteryl ester transfer protein, are conserved in zebrafish. Consequently, zebrafish exhibit a human-like lipoprotein profile. Zebrafish with mutations in genes linked to human metabolic diseases often mimic the human phenotype. Zebrafish larvae develop rapidly and externally around the maternally deposited yolk. Recent work revealed that any disturbance of lipoprotein formation leads to the accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets and an opaque yolk, providing a visible phenotype to investigate disturbances of the lipoprotein pathway, already leading to discoveries in MTTP (microsomal triglyceride transfer protein) and ApoB (apolipoprotein B). By 5 days of development, the digestive system is functional, making it possible to study fluorescently labeled lipid uptake in the transparent larvae. These and other approaches enabled the first in vivo description of the STAB (stabilin) receptors, showing lipoprotein uptake in endothelial cells. Various zebrafish models have been developed to mimic human diseases by mutating genes known to influence lipoproteins (eg, ldlra, apoC2). This review aims to discuss the most recent research in the zebrafish ApoB-containing lipoprotein and lipid metabolism field. We also summarize new insights into lipid processing within the yolk cell and how changes in lipid flux alter yolk opacity. This curious new finding, coupled with the development of several techniques, can be deployed to identify new players in lipoprotein research directly relevant to human disease.
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Seliwjorstow A, Takamiya M, Rastegar S, Pianowski Z. Reversible Influence of Hemipiperazine Photochromism on the Early Development of Zebrafish Embryo. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400143. [PMID: 38442077 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the potential of controlling organismal development with light by using reversible photomodulation of activity in bioactive compounds. Specifically, our research focuses on plinabulin 1, an inhibitor of tubulin dynamics that contains a photochromic motif called hemipiperazine. The two isomeric forms, Z-1 and E-1, can partially interconvert with light, yet show remarkable thermal stability in darkness. The Z-isomer exhibits higher cytotoxicity due to stronger binding to α-tubulin's colchicine site. The less toxic E-1 form, considered a "pro-drug", can be isolated in vitro and stored. Upon activation by blue or cyan light, it predominantly generates the more toxic Z-1 form. Here we demonstrate that 1 can effectively photomodulate epiboly, a critical microtubule-dependent cell movement during gastrulation in zebrafish embryos. This research highlights the potential of photomodulation for precise and reversible control of cellular activities and organismal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Seliwjorstow
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Masanari Takamiya
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Biological Information Processing IBCS-BIP, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sepand Rastegar
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Biological Information Processing IBCS-BIP, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zbigniew Pianowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems IBCS-FMS, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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10
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Xu Q, Zhang Y, Xu W, Liu D, Jin W, Chen X, Hong N. The chromatin accessibility dynamics during cell fate specifications in zebrafish early embryogenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:3106-3120. [PMID: 38364856 PMCID: PMC11014328 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromatin accessibility plays a critical role in the regulation of cell fate decisions. Although gene expression changes have been extensively profiled at the single-cell level during early embryogenesis, the dynamics of chromatin accessibility at cis-regulatory elements remain poorly studied. Here, we used a plate-based single-cell ATAC-seq method to profile the chromatin accessibility dynamics of over 10 000 nuclei from zebrafish embryos. We investigated several important time points immediately after zygotic genome activation (ZGA), covering key developmental stages up to dome. The results revealed key chromatin signatures in the first cell fate specifications when cells start to differentiate into enveloping layer (EVL) and yolk syncytial layer (YSL) cells. Finally, we uncovered many potential cell-type specific enhancers and transcription factor motifs that are important for the cell fate specifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Xu
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Xu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong, China
| | - Wenfei Jin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong, China
| | - Ni Hong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong, China
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11
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Furukawa F, Aoyagi A, Sano K, Sameshima K, Goto M, Tseng YC, Ikeda D, Lin CC, Uchida K, Okumura SI, Yasumoto K, Jimbo M, Hwang PP. Gluconeogenesis in the extraembryonic yolk syncytial layer of the zebrafish embryo. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae125. [PMID: 38585339 PMCID: PMC10997050 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Yolk-consuming (lecithotrophic) embryos of oviparous animals, such as those of fish, need to make do with the maternally derived yolk. However, in many cases, yolk possesses little carbohydrates and sugars, including glucose, the essential monosaccharide. Interestingly, increases in the glucose content were found in embryos of some teleost fishes; however, the origin of this glucose has been unknown. Unveiling new metabolic strategies in fish embryos has a potential for better aquaculture technologies. In the present study, using zebrafish, we assessed how these embryos obtain the glucose. We employed stable isotope (13C)-labeled substrates and injected them to the zebrafish embryos. Our liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based isotope tracking revealed that among all tested substrate, glutamate was most actively metabolized to produce glucose in the zebrafish embryos. Expression analysis for gluconeogenic genes found that many of these were expressed in the yolk syncytial layer (YSL), an extraembryonic tissue found in teleost fishes. Generation 0 (G0) knockout of pck2, a gene encoding the key enzyme for gluconeogenesis from Krebs cycle intermediates, reduced gluconeogenesis from glutamate, suggesting that this gene is responsible for gluconeogenesis from glutamate in the zebrafish embryos. These results showed that teleost YSL undergoes gluconeogenesis, likely contributing to the glucose supplementation to the embryos with limited glucose source. Since many other animal lineages lack YSL, further comparative analysis will be interesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Furukawa
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan ROC
| | - Akihiro Aoyagi
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kaori Sano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Keita Sameshima
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Miku Goto
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yung-Che Tseng
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan ROC
| | - Daisuke Ikeda
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Ching-Chun Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan ROC
| | - Katsuhisa Uchida
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Sei-ichi Okumura
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Ko Yasumoto
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Jimbo
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan ROC
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12
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Darmasaputra GS, van Rijnberk LM, Galli M. Functional consequences of somatic polyploidy in development. Development 2024; 151:dev202392. [PMID: 38415794 PMCID: PMC10946441 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Polyploid cells contain multiple genome copies and arise in many animal tissues as a regulated part of development. However, polyploid cells can also arise due to cell division failure, DNA damage or tissue damage. Although polyploidization is crucial for the integrity and function of many tissues, the cellular and tissue-wide consequences of polyploidy can be very diverse. Nonetheless, many polyploid cell types and tissues share a remarkable similarity in function, providing important information about the possible contribution of polyploidy to cell and tissue function. Here, we review studies on polyploid cells in development, underlining parallel functions between different polyploid cell types, as well as differences between developmentally-programmed and stress-induced polyploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella S. Darmasaputra
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lotte M. van Rijnberk
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Matilde Galli
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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13
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Cheng JC, Miller AL, Webb SE. Actin-mediated endocytosis in the E-YSL helps drive epiboly in zebrafish. ZYGOTE 2023; 31:517-526. [PMID: 37533161 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199423000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
In zebrafish, a punctate band of F-actin is reported to develop in the external yolk syncytial layer (E-YSL) during the latter part of epiboly in zebrafish embryos. Here, electron microscopy (EM) and fluorescence confocal microscopy were conducted to investigate dynamic changes in the E-YSL membrane during epiboly. Using scanning EM, we report that the surface of the E-YSL is highly convoluted, consisting of a complex interwoven network of branching membrane surface microvilli-like protrusions. The region of membrane surface protrusions was relatively wide at 30% epiboly but narrowed as epiboly progressed. This narrowing was coincident with the formation of the punctate actin band. We also demonstrated using immunogold transmission EM that actin clusters were localized at the membrane surface mainly within the protrusions as well as in deeper locations of the E-YSL. Furthermore, during the latter part of epiboly, the punctate actin band was coincident with a region of highly dynamic endocytosis. Treatment with cytochalasin B led to the disruption of the punctate actin band and the membrane surface protrusions, as well as the attenuation of endocytosis. Together, our data suggest that, in the E-YSL, the region encompassing the membrane surface protrusions and its associated punctate actin band are likely to be an integral part of the localized endocytosis, which is important for the progression of epiboly in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie C Cheng
- The Division of Life Science and Key State Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew L Miller
- The Division of Life Science and Key State Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sarah E Webb
- The Division of Life Science and Key State Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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14
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de Mello F, Alonso DJ, de Faria NPVM, Marques VH, de Oliveira EF, de Mello PH, de Godoy LC, Moreira RG. Alterations in Gene Expression and the Fatty Acid Profile Impact but Do Not Compromise the In Vitro Maturation of Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Stage III Ovarian Follicles after Cryopreservation. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3563. [PMID: 38003179 PMCID: PMC10668701 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The vitrification of ovarian follicles is a strategic tool that may contribute to advances in aquaculture and the conservation of many important species. Despite the difficulties inherent to the cryopreservation of oocytes, some successful protocols have been developed for different species, but little is known about the capacity of oocytes to develop after thawing. Therefore, the profiles of the reproductive pathway genes and fatty acid membrane composition during the initial stages of development were analyzed in fresh ovarian follicles and follicles after the vitrification process. There were differences in the expression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis genes during the follicular development in the control group as well as in the vitrified group. Similarly, alterations in the composition of fatty acids were observed after vitrification. Despite this, many alterations were observed in the vitrified group; more than half of the stage III ovarian follicles were able to grow and mature in vitro. Therefore, the vitrification of ovarian follicles may impact them at molecular and membrane levels, but it does not compromise their capability for in vitro maturation, which indicates that the technique can be a strategic tool for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda de Mello
- Department of Physiology, Bioscience Institute, University of Sao Paulo (IB/USP), 101 Matão Street, Travessa 14, Butantã District, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil; (D.J.A.); (N.P.V.M.d.F.); (V.H.M.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Daniel Jaen Alonso
- Department of Physiology, Bioscience Institute, University of Sao Paulo (IB/USP), 101 Matão Street, Travessa 14, Butantã District, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil; (D.J.A.); (N.P.V.M.d.F.); (V.H.M.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Natália Pires Vieira Morais de Faria
- Department of Physiology, Bioscience Institute, University of Sao Paulo (IB/USP), 101 Matão Street, Travessa 14, Butantã District, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil; (D.J.A.); (N.P.V.M.d.F.); (V.H.M.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Victor Hugo Marques
- Department of Physiology, Bioscience Institute, University of Sao Paulo (IB/USP), 101 Matão Street, Travessa 14, Butantã District, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil; (D.J.A.); (N.P.V.M.d.F.); (V.H.M.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Ethiene Fernandes de Oliveira
- Aquaculture Center, São Paulo State University “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (CAUNESP), Access Road Professor Paulo Donato Castellane, Vila Industrial District, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Paulo Henrique de Mello
- Beacon Development, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 2713, Jeddah 23955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Leandro César de Godoy
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 7712 Bento Gonçalves Avenue, Agronomia District, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil;
| | - Renata Guimaraes Moreira
- Department of Physiology, Bioscience Institute, University of Sao Paulo (IB/USP), 101 Matão Street, Travessa 14, Butantã District, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil; (D.J.A.); (N.P.V.M.d.F.); (V.H.M.); (R.G.M.)
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15
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Khor JM, Guerrero-Santoro J, Ettensohn CA. Molecular compartmentalization in a syncytium: restricted mobility of proteins within the sea urchin skeletogenic mesenchyme. Development 2023; 150:dev201804. [PMID: 37902109 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Multinucleated cells, or syncytia, are found in diverse taxa. Their biological function is often associated with the compartmentalization of biochemical or cellular activities within the syncytium. How such compartments are generated and maintained is poorly understood. The sea urchin embryonic skeleton is secreted by a syncytium, and local patterns of skeletal growth are associated with distinct sub-domains of gene expression within the syncytium. For such molecular compartments to be maintained and to control local patterns of skeletal growth: (1) the mobility of TFs must be restricted to produce stable differences in the transcriptional states of nuclei within the syncytium; and (2) the mobility of biomineralization proteins must also be restricted to produce regional differences in skeletal growth. To test these predictions, we expressed fluorescently tagged forms of transcription factors and biomineralization proteins in sub-domains of the skeletogenic syncytium. We found that both classes of proteins have restricted mobility within the syncytium and identified motifs that limit their mobility. Our findings have general implications for understanding the functional and molecular compartmentalization of syncytia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ming Khor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15218, USA
| | - Jennifer Guerrero-Santoro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15218, USA
| | - Charles A Ettensohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15218, USA
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16
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Kondakova EA, Bogdanova VA, Ottesen O, Alexandrov AA. The development of the digestive system and the fate of the yolk syncytial layer in postembryogenesis of Stenodus leucichthys nelma (Teleostei). J Morphol 2023; 284:e21604. [PMID: 37313770 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stenodus leucichthys nelma is an economically important species for cold-water aquaculture. Unlike other Coregoninae, S. leucichthys nelma is a piscivore. Here, we describe in detail the development of the digestive system and the yolk syncytial layer from hatching to early juvenile stage using histological and histochemical methods to determine their common and specific characteristics and to test the hypothesis that the digestive system of S. leucichthys nelma rapidly acquires adult features. The digestive tract differentiates at hatching and starts to function before the transition to mixed feeding. The mouth and anus are open, mucous cells and taste buds are present in the buccopharyngeal cavity and esophagus, pharyngeal teeth have erupted, the stomach primordium is seen, the intestinal epithelium with mucous cells is folded and the intestinal valve is observed; the epithelial cells of the postvalvular intestine contain supranuclear vacuoles. The liver blood vessels are filled with blood. The cells of exocrine pancreas are loaded with zymogen granules, and at least two islets of Langerhans are present. However, the larvae remain dependent on maternal yolk and lipids for a long time. The adult features of the digestive system develop gradually, the most significant changes take place approximately from 31 to 42 days posthatching. Then, the gastric glands and pyloric caeca buds appear, the U-shaped stomach with glandular and aglandular regions develops, the swim bladder inflates, the number of islets of Langerhans increases, the pancreas becomes scattered, and the yolk syncytial layer undergoes programmed death during the larval-to-juvenile transition. During postembryonic development, the mucous cells of the digestive system contain neutral mucosubstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Kondakova
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg Branch of the FSBSI «VNIRO» («GosNIORKH» named after L.S. Berg), Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vera A Bogdanova
- Saint Petersburg Branch of the FSBSI «VNIRO» («GosNIORKH» named after L.S. Berg), Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oddvar Ottesen
- Faculty of Bioscience and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
- Akvatik AS, Bodø, Norway
| | - Alexey A Alexandrov
- Saint Petersburg Branch of the FSBSI «VNIRO» («GosNIORKH» named after L.S. Berg), Saint Petersburg, Russia
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17
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Hoffmann M, Gerlach S, Takamiya M, Tarazi S, Hersch N, Csiszár A, Springer R, Dreissen G, Scharr H, Rastegar S, Beil T, Strähle U, Merkel R, Hoffmann B. Smuggling on the Nanoscale-Fusogenic Liposomes Enable Efficient RNA-Transfer with Negligible Immune Response In Vitro and In Vivo. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041210. [PMID: 37111695 PMCID: PMC10146161 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficient and biocompatible transfer of nucleic acids into mammalian cells for research applications or medical purposes is a long-standing, challenging task. Viral transduction is the most efficient transfer system, but often entails high safety levels for research and potential health impairments for patients in medical applications. Lipo- or polyplexes are commonly used transfer systems but result in comparably low transfer efficiencies. Moreover, inflammatory responses caused by cytotoxic side effects were reported for these transfer methods. Often accountable for these effects are various recognition mechanisms for transferred nucleic acids. Using commercially available fusogenic liposomes (Fuse-It-mRNA), we established highly efficient and fully biocompatible transfer of RNA molecules for in vitro as well as in vivo applications. We demonstrated bypassing of endosomal uptake routes and, therefore, of pattern recognition receptors that recognize nucleic acids with high efficiency. This may underlie the observed almost complete abolishment of inflammatory cytokine responses. RNA transfer experiments into zebrafish embryos and adult animals fully confirmed the functional mechanism and the wide range of applications from single cells to organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Hoffmann
- IBI-2: Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Sven Gerlach
- IBI-2: Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Masanari Takamiya
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Samar Tarazi
- IBI-2: Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Nils Hersch
- IBI-2: Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Agnes Csiszár
- IBI-2: Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ronald Springer
- IBI-2: Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Georg Dreissen
- IBI-2: Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Hanno Scharr
- IAS-8: Data Analytics and Machine Learning, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Sepand Rastegar
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tanja Beil
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rudolf Merkel
- IBI-2: Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- IBI-2: Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
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18
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Ontogenetic changes in the body structure of the Arctic fish Leptoclinus maculatus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3688. [PMID: 36879005 PMCID: PMC9988964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Histological studies of the ontogenetic changes in Arctic marine fishes are often fragmented and incomplete. Here we present a comprehensive histological ontogenetic analysis of the daubed shanny (Leptoclinus maculatus) from the Arctic, characterizing its development as it undergoes a series of changes in the organ and tissue organization, especially during the postlarvae transition from the pelagic to benthic lifestyle. The thyroid, heart, digestive tract, liver, gonads, blood, and the lipid sac of the postlarvae at different developmental stages (L1-L5) were studied for the first time. We found that L. maculatus has structural characteristics of marine fish developing in cold, high-oxygen polar waters. We conclude that the presence of the lipid sac and the absence of distinguishable red blood cells in pelagic postlarvae are unique features of the daubed shanny most likely linked to its successful growth and development in the Arctic environment.
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19
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van Boxtel AL. Whole-Mount In Situ Hybridization for Detection of Migrating Zebrafish Endodermal Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2608:131-145. [PMID: 36653706 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2887-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important events in early vertebrate development is the formation and positioning of the endoderm, the embryonic progenitor cell population that gives rise to the internal organs. Recent years have seen renewed interest in the mechanisms underlying the specification and migration of endodermal progenitor cells. The zebrafish is a well-established, accessible, and powerful model to study this cell population. Zebrafish endodermal cells are specified around 4 h after fertilization and subsequently migrate as evenly spaced single cells in a stereotypical manner in the next 6 h. Given the large numbers of fertilized eggs that can be obtained from a single breeding pair and the ease of chemical and genetic perturbations, the zebrafish is an excellent model to study mechanisms underlying endoderm specification and migration. An easy approach to visualizing and quantitating endodermal cells and their migratory routes is by whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) on fixed embryos, collected in time series. This chapter provides basic information on the organization and staging of the embryos, with an emphasis on the migrating endodermal cell population. In addition, optimized protocols for the isolation and fixation of staged embryos are provided as well as detailed probe synthesis and WISH protocols, specific for migrating endoderm. Finally, details are provided on how to approach these experiments quantitatively, and some common pitfalls are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonius L van Boxtel
- Developmental, Stem Cell and Cancer Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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20
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Magnetically Propelled Chained Nanocomposites for On-Demand Biologically Relevant Media Exploration. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 629:287-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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An Association between Insulin Resistance and Neurodegeneration in Zebrafish Larval Model ( Danio rerio). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158290. [PMID: 35955446 PMCID: PMC9368350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has recently been identified as a mediator of neurodegeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated. We aimed to investigate insulin resistance associated with neurodegenerative events in zebrafish larvae. Methods: Larvae aged 72 h-post-fertilization (hpf) were induced to insulin resistance by immersion in 250 nM insulin and were then reinduced with 100 nM insulin at 96 hpf. This model was validated by a glucose levels assay, qPCR analysis of selected genes (akt, pepck, zglut3 and claudin-5a) and Oil Red-O (ORO) staining of the yolk sac for lipid distribution. The association of insulin resistance and neurodegeneration was validated by malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) assays, and by integrating next-generation sequencing with database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery (DAVID). Results: There was a significant increase in glucose levels at 180 min in the insulin-resistant group. However, it decreased at 400 min after the re-challenge. Insulin-signaling mediators, akt and pepck, were showed significantly downregulated up to 400 min after insulin immersion (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, claudin-5a assessed blood−brain barrier (BBB) integrity and showed significant deterioration after 400 min of post-insulin immersion. ORO staining remarked the increase in yolk sac size in the insulin-resistant group. After the confirmation of insulin resistance, MDA levels increased significantly in the insulin-resistant group compared to the control group in the following parameters. Furthermore, dysregulated MAPK- and Wnt/Ca2+-signaling pathways were observed in the insulin-resistant group, disrupting energy metabolism and causing BBB injury. Conclusions: We conclude that the insulin-resistant zebrafish larvae alter the metabolic physiology associated with neurodegeneration.
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22
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Li JT, Zhang YD, Song XR, Li RJ, Yang WL, Tian M, Zhang SF, Cao GH, Song LL, Chen YM, Liu CH. The mechanism and effects of remdesivir-induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish: Blood flow dysfunction and behavioral alterations. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1688-1700. [PMID: 35560222 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The antiviral drug remdesivir has been used to treat the growing number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, the drug is mainly excreted through urine and feces and introduced into the environment to affect non-target organisms, including fish, which has raised concerns about potential ecotoxicological effects on aquatic organisms. Moreover, studies on the ecological impacts of remdesivir on aquatic environments have not been reported. Here, we aimed to explore the toxicological impacts of microinjection of remdesivir on zebrafish early embryonic development and larvae and the associated mechanism. We found that 100 μM remdesivir delayed epiboly and impaired convergent movement of embryos during gastrulation, and dose-dependent increases in mortality and malformation were observed in remdesivir-treated embryos. Moreover, 10-100 μM remdesivir decreased blood flow and swimming velocity and altered the behavior of larvae. In terms of molecular mechanisms, eighty differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by transcriptome analysis in the remdesivir-treated group. Some of these DEGs, such as manf, kif3a, hnf1ba, rgn, prkcz, egr1, fosab, nr4a1, and ptgs2b, were mainly involved in early embryonic development, neuronal developmental disorders, vascular disease and the blood flow pathway. These data reveal that remdesivir can impair early embryonic development, blood flow and behavior of zebrafish embryos/larvae, probably due to alterations at the transcriptome level. This study suggests that it is important to avoid the discharge of remdesivir to aquatic ecosystems and provides a theoretical foundation to hinder remdesivir-induced ecotoxicity to aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Tong Li
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Pediatric Kidney Disease Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yao-Dong Zhang
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Song
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui-Jing Li
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei-Li Yang
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Tian
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Pediatric Kidney Disease Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Pediatric Kidney Disease Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hai Cao
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Pediatric Kidney Disease Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu-Lu Song
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Cui-Hua Liu
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Pediatric Kidney Disease Research, Zhengzhou, China
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23
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Chen T, Zhao Y, Zhao X, Li S, Cao J, Guo J, Bu W, Zhao H, Du J, Cao Y, Fan Y. Self-Organization of Tissue Growth by Interfacial Mechanical Interactions in Multilayered Systems. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104301. [PMID: 35138041 PMCID: PMC9069393 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Morphogenesis is a spatially and temporally regulated process involved in various physiological and pathological transformations. In addition to the associated biochemical factors, the physical regulation of morphogenesis has attracted increasing attention. However, the driving force of morphogenesis initiation remains elusive. Here, it is shown that during the growth of multilayered tissues, a morphogenetic process can be self-organized by the progression of compression gradient stemmed from the interfacial mechanical interactions between layers. In tissues with low fluidity, the compression gradient is progressively strengthened during growth and induces stratification by triggering symmetric-to-asymmetric cell division reorientation at the critical tissue size. In tissues with high fluidity, compression gradient is dynamic and induces cell rearrangement leading to 2D in-plane morphogenesis instead of 3D deformation. Morphogenesis can be tuned by manipulating tissue fluidity, cell adhesion forces, and mechanical properties to influence the progression of compression gradient during the development of cultured cell sheets and chicken embryos. Together, the dynamics of compression gradient arising from interfacial mechanical interaction provides a conserved mechanism underlying morphogenesis initiation and size control during tissue growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tailin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of EducationBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSchool of Engineering MedicineBeihang UniversityBeijing100083China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle BodyCollege of Mechanical and Vehicle EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha410082China
| | - Xinbin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of EducationBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSchool of Engineering MedicineBeihang UniversityBeijing100083China
| | - Shukai Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of EducationBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSchool of Engineering MedicineBeihang UniversityBeijing100083China
| | - Jialing Cao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of EducationBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSchool of Engineering MedicineBeihang UniversityBeijing100083China
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of EducationBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSchool of Engineering MedicineBeihang UniversityBeijing100083China
| | - Wanjuan Bu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of EducationBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSchool of Engineering MedicineBeihang UniversityBeijing100083China
| | - Hucheng Zhao
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical EngineeringDepartment of Engineering MechanicsSchool of Aerospace EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Jing Du
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of EducationBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSchool of Engineering MedicineBeihang UniversityBeijing100083China
| | - Yanping Cao
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical EngineeringDepartment of Engineering MechanicsSchool of Aerospace EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of EducationBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSchool of Engineering MedicineBeihang UniversityBeijing100083China
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24
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Multiple asters organize the yolk microtubule network during dclk2-GFP zebrafish epiboly. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4072. [PMID: 35260695 PMCID: PMC8904445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that the organization of microtubule (MT) networks in cells is orchestrated by subcellular structures named MT organizing centers (MTOCs). In this work, we use Light Sheet Fluorescence and Confocal Microscopy to investigate how the MT network surrounding the spherical yolk is arranged in the dclk2-GFP zebrafish transgenic line. We found that during epiboly the MT network is organized by multiple aster-like MTOCS. These structures form rings around the yolk sphere. Importantly, in wt embryos, aster-like MTOCs are only found upon pharmacological or genetic induction. Using our microscopy approach, we underscore the variability in the number of such asters in the transgenic line and report on the variety of global configurations of the yolk MT network. The asters’ morphology, dynamics, and their distribution in the yolk sphere are also analyzed. We propose that these features are tightly linked to epiboly timing and geometry. Key molecules are identified which support this asters role as MTOCs, where MT nucleation and growth take place. We conclude that the yolk MT network of dclk2-GFP transgenic embryos can be used as a model to organize microtubules in a spherical geometry by means of multiple MTOCs.
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25
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Abstract
Extracting mechanistic knowledge from the spatial and temporal phenotypes of morphogenesis is a current challenge due to the complexity of biological regulation and their feedback loops. Furthermore, these regulatory interactions are also linked to the biophysical forces that shape a developing tissue, creating complex interactions responsible for emergent patterns and forms. Here we show how a computational systems biology approach can aid in the understanding of morphogenesis from a mechanistic perspective. This methodology integrates the modeling of tissues and whole-embryos with dynamical systems, the reverse engineering of parameters or even whole equations with machine learning, and the generation of precise computational predictions that can be tested at the bench. To implement and perform the computational steps in the methodology, we present user-friendly tools, computer code, and guidelines. The principles of this methodology are general and can be adapted to other model organisms to extract mechanistic knowledge of their morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Reza Mousavi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Lobo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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26
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Jones WD, Mullins MC. Cell signaling pathways controlling an axis organizing center in the zebrafish. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 150:149-209. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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27
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Chandrapalan T, Kwong RWM. Functional significance and physiological regulation of essential trace metals in fish. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:273675. [PMID: 34882772 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.238790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Trace metals such as iron, copper, zinc and manganese play essential roles in various biological processes in fish, including development, energy metabolism and immune response. At embryonic stages, fish obtain essential metals primarily from the yolk, whereas in later life stages (i.e. juvenile and adult), the gastrointestine and the gill are the major sites for the acquisition of trace metals. On a molecular level, the absorption of metals is thought to occur at least in part via specific metal ion transporters, including the divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1), copper transporter-1 (CTR1), and Zrt- and Irt-like proteins (ZIP). A variety of other proteins are also involved in maintaining cellular and systemic metal homeostasis. Interestingly, the expression and function of these metal transport- and metabolism-related proteins can be influenced by a range of trace metals and major ions. Increasing evidence also demonstrates an interplay between the gastrointestine and the gill for the regulation of trace metal absorption. Therefore, there is a complex network of regulatory and compensatory mechanisms involved in maintaining trace metal balance. Yet, an array of factors is known to influence metal metabolism in fish, such as hormonal status and environmental changes. In this Review, we summarize the physiological significance of iron, copper, zinc and manganese, and discuss the current state of knowledge on the mechanisms underlying transepithelial metal ion transport, metal-metal interactions, and cellular and systemic handling of these metals in fish. Finally, we identify knowledge gaps in the regulation of metal homeostasis and discuss potential future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raymond W M Kwong
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
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28
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Bernardello M, Marsal M, Gualda EJ, Loza-Alvarez P. Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy for the in vivo study of microtubule dynamics in the zebrafish embryo. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:6237-6254. [PMID: 34745732 PMCID: PMC8547989 DOI: 10.1364/boe.438402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During its first hours of development, the zebrafish embryo presents a large microtubule array in the yolk region, essential for its development. Despite of its size and dynamic behavior, this network has been studied only in limited field of views or in fixed samples. We designed and implemented different strategies in Light Sheet Fluorescence microscopy for imaging the entire yolk microtubule (MT) network in vivo. These have allowed us to develop a novel image analysis from which we clearly observe a cyclical re-arrangement of the entire MT network in synchrony with blastoderm mitotic waves. These dynamics also affect a previously unreported microtubule array deep within the yolk, here described. These findings provide a new vision of the zebrafish yolk microtubules arrangement, and offers novel insights in the interaction between mitotic events and microtubules reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bernardello
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860, Spain
- equal contribution
| | - Maria Marsal
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860, Spain
- equal contribution
| | - Emilio J. Gualda
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860, Spain
- equal contribution
| | - Pablo Loza-Alvarez
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860, Spain
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29
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Bernardello M, Gora RJ, Van Hage P, Castro-Olvera G, Gualda EJ, Schaaf MJM, Loza-Alvarez P. Analysis of intracellular protein dynamics in living zebrafish embryos using light-sheet fluorescence single-molecule microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:6205-6227. [PMID: 34745730 PMCID: PMC8547987 DOI: 10.1364/boe.435103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule microscopy techniques have emerged as useful tools to image individual molecules and analyze their dynamics inside cells, but their application has mostly been restricted to cell cultures. Here, a light-sheet fluorescence microscopy setup is presented for imaging individual proteins inside living zebrafish embryos. The optical configuration makes this design accessible to many laboratories and a dedicated sample-mounting system ensures sample viability and mounting flexibility. Using this setup, we have analyzed the dynamics of individual glucocorticoid receptors, which demonstrates that this approach creates multiple possibilities for the analysis of intracellular protein dynamics in intact living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bernardello
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860, Spain
- Equal contribution
| | - Radoslaw J Gora
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Equal contribution
| | - Patrick Van Hage
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gustavo Castro-Olvera
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860, Spain
| | - Emilio J Gualda
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860, Spain
| | - Marcel J M Schaaf
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Equal contribution
| | - Pablo Loza-Alvarez
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860, Spain
- Equal contribution
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30
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Kondakova EA, Bogdanova VA. The Fate of the Yolk Syncytial Layer during Postembryonic Development of Stenodus leucichthys nelma. ANN ZOOL FENN 2021. [DOI: 10.5735/086.058.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Kondakova
- ) Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, RU-199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; and Saint Petersburg Branch of VNIRO (GosNIORKH, named after L.S. Berg), Makarova Emb. 26, RU-199053 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vera A. Bogdanova
- ) Saint Petersburg Branch of VNIRO (GosNIORKH, named after L.S. Berg), Makarova Emb. 26, RU-199053 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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31
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Asslan M, Lauzon N, Beus M, Maysinger D, Rousseau S. Mass spectrometry imaging in zebrafish larvae for assessing drug safety and metabolism. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5135-5146. [PMID: 34173039 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03476-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Drug safety assessment in the early phases of drug discovery is critical to facilitate the rapid development of novel therapeutics. Recently, teleost zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a promising vertebrate model for the assessment of drug safety. Zebrafish is a convenient model because of its small size, high fecundity, embryo transparency, and ex utero development. In this study, we developed a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) method applied to zebrafish larvae to investigate safety and metabolism of sahaquine (Sq), an anticancer agent inhibiting histone deacetylase 6. This technique improves on prior studies using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) by adding analysis of the drug spatial distribution. Using this method, it was determined that Sq dissolved in fish water (1-2000 μM) did not reach the larval body and was mainly distributed throughout the yolk. High Sq concentration (800 μM) administered intravenously allowed the compound to reach the larval body but did not induce phenotypic abnormalities. Sq was metabolized into its glucuronidated form within 24 h and was excreted within 72 h. MALDI MSI was instrumental in showing that Sq-glucuronide was mainly formed in the gut and slightly in yolk syncytial layer, and provided valuable insights into xenobiotics elimination in zebrafish larvae. This study indicates that Sq has a good safety profile and merits further investigations in other disease models. In addition, the optimized MALDI MSI protocol provided here can be widely applied to study distribution and metabolic fate of other structurally related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Asslan
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boul. Décarie, Montréal, H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, 3655 Prom. Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Nidia Lauzon
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boul. Décarie, Montréal, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Maja Beus
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaver road 2, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, 3655 Prom. Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Simon Rousseau
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boul. Décarie, Montréal, H4A 3J1, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, 3655 Prom. Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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32
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Marelli F, Rurale G, Persani L. From Endoderm to Progenitors: An Update on the Early Steps of Thyroid Morphogenesis in the Zebrafish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:664557. [PMID: 34149617 PMCID: PMC8213386 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.664557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying thyroid gland development have a central interest in biology and this review is aimed to provide an update on the recent advancements on the early steps of thyroid differentiation that were obtained in the zebrafish, because this teleost fish revealed to be a suitable organism to study the early developmental stages. Physiologically, the thyroid precursors fate is delineated by the appearance among the endoderm cells of the foregut of a restricted cell population expressing specific transcription factors, including pax2a, nkx2.4b, and hhex. The committed thyroid primordium first appears as a thickening of the pharyngeal floor of the anterior endoderm, that subsequently detaches from the floor and migrates to its final location where it gives rise to the thyroid hormone-producing follicles. At variance with mammalian models, thyroid precursor differentiation in zebrafish occurs early during the developmental process before the dislocation to the eutopic positioning of thyroid follicles. Several pathways have been implicated in these early events and nowadays there is evidence of a complex crosstalk between intrinsic (coming from the endoderm and thyroid precursors) and extrinsic factors (coming from surrounding tissues, as the cardiac mesoderm) whose organization in time and space is probably required for the proper thyroid development. In particular, Notch, Shh, Fgf, Bmp, and Wnt signaling seems to be required for the commitment of endodermal cells to a thyroid fate at specific developmental windows of zebrafish embryo. Here, we summarize the recent findings produced in the various zebrafish experimental models with the aim to define a comprehensive picture of such complicated puzzle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Marelli
- Dipartimento di Malattie Endocrine e del Metabolismo, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano - LITA, Segrate, Italy
| | - Giuditta Rurale
- Dipartimento di Malattie Endocrine e del Metabolismo, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- Dipartimento di Malattie Endocrine e del Metabolismo, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano - LITA, Segrate, Italy
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33
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Reassembling gastrulation. Dev Biol 2021; 474:71-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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34
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Starck JM, Stewart JR, Blackburn DG. Phylogeny and evolutionary history of the amniote egg. J Morphol 2021; 282:1080-1122. [PMID: 33991358 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We review morphological features of the amniote egg and embryos in a comparative phylogenetic framework, including all major clades of extant vertebrates. We discuss 40 characters that are relevant for an analysis of the evolutionary history of the vertebrate egg. Special attention is given to the morphology of the cellular yolk sac, the eggshell, and extraembryonic membranes. Many features that are typically assigned to amniotes, such as a large yolk sac, delayed egg deposition, and terrestrial reproduction have evolved independently and convergently in numerous clades of vertebrates. We use phylogenetic character mapping and ancestral character state reconstruction as tools to recognize sequence, order, and patterns of morphological evolution and deduce a hypothesis of the evolutionary history of the amniote egg. Besides amnion and chorioallantois, amniotes ancestrally possess copulatory organs (secondarily reduced in most birds), internal fertilization, and delayed deposition of eggs that contain an embryo in the primitive streak or early somite stage. Except for the amnion, chorioallantois, and amniote type of eggshell, these features evolved convergently in almost all major clades of aquatic vertebrates possibly in response to selective factors such as egg predation, hostile environmental conditions for egg development, or to adjust hatching of young to favorable season. A functionally important feature of the amnion membrane is its myogenic contractility that moves the (early) embryo and prevents adhering of the growing embryo to extraembryonic materials. This function of the amnion membrane and the liquid-filled amnion cavity may have evolved under the requirements of delayed deposition of eggs that contain developing embryos. The chorioallantois is a temporary embryonic exchange organ that supports embryonic development. A possible evolutionary scenario is that the amniote egg presents an exaptation that paved the evolutionary pathway for reproduction on land. As shown by numerous examples from anamniotes, reproduction on land has occurred multiple times among vertebrates-the amniote egg presenting one "solution" that enabled the conquest of land for reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Matthias Starck
- Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - James R Stewart
- Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
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35
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Rossmann MP, Hoi K, Chan V, Abraham BJ, Yang S, Mullahoo J, Papanastasiou M, Wang Y, Elia I, Perlin JR, Hagedorn EJ, Hetzel S, Weigert R, Vyas S, Nag PP, Sullivan LB, Warren CR, Dorjsuren B, Greig EC, Adatto I, Cowan CA, Schreiber SL, Young RA, Meissner A, Haigis MC, Hekimi S, Carr SA, Zon LI. Cell-specific transcriptional control of mitochondrial metabolism by TIF1γ drives erythropoiesis. Science 2021; 372:716-721. [PMID: 33986176 PMCID: PMC8177078 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz2740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transcription and metabolism both influence cell function, but dedicated transcriptional control of metabolic pathways that regulate cell fate has rarely been defined. We discovered, using a chemical suppressor screen, that inhibition of the pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) rescues erythroid differentiation in bloodless zebrafish moonshine (mon) mutant embryos defective for transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma (tif1γ). This rescue depends on the functional link of DHODH to mitochondrial respiration. The transcription elongation factor TIF1γ directly controls coenzyme Q (CoQ) synthesis gene expression. Upon tif1γ loss, CoQ levels are reduced, and a high succinate/α-ketoglutarate ratio leads to increased histone methylation. A CoQ analog rescues mon's bloodless phenotype. These results demonstrate that mitochondrial metabolism is a key output of a lineage transcription factor that drives cell fate decisions in the early blood lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies P Rossmann
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 01238, USA
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karen Hoi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 01238, USA
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Victoria Chan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 01238, USA
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian J Abraham
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Song Yang
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James Mullahoo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Ilaria Elia
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julie R Perlin
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elliott J Hagedorn
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sara Hetzel
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Raha Weigert
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sejal Vyas
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Partha P Nag
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lucas B Sullivan
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Curtis R Warren
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bilguujin Dorjsuren
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 01238, USA
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eugenia Custo Greig
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 01238, USA
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isaac Adatto
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 01238, USA
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chad A Cowan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Richard A Young
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexander Meissner
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 01238, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Siegfried Hekimi
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 01238, USA.
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Nekliudova UA, Schwaha TF, Kotenko ON, Gruber D, Cyran N, Ostrovsky AN. Three in one: evolution of viviparity, coenocytic placenta and polyembryony in cyclostome bryozoans. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:54. [PMID: 33845757 PMCID: PMC8042935 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01775-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placentation has evolved multiple times among both chordates and invertebrates. Although they are structurally less complex, invertebrate placentae are much more diverse in their origin, development and position. Aquatic colonial suspension-feeders from the phylum Bryozoa acquired placental analogues multiple times, representing an outstanding example of their structural diversity and evolution. Among them, the clade Cyclostomata is the only one in which placentation is associated with viviparity and polyembryony-a unique combination not present in any other invertebrate group. RESULTS The histological and ultrastructural study of the sexual polymorphic zooids (gonozooids) in two cyclostome species, Crisia eburnea and Crisiella producta, revealed embryos embedded in a placental analogue (nutritive tissue) with a unique structure-comprising coenocytes and solitary cells-previously unknown in animals. Coenocytes originate via nuclear multiplication and cytoplasmic growth among the cells surrounding the early embryo. This process also affects cells of the membranous sac, which initially serves as a hydrostatic system but later becomes main part of the placenta. The nutritive tissue is both highly dynamic, permanently rearranging its structure, and highly integrated with its coenocytic 'elements' being interconnected via cytoplasmic bridges and various cell contacts. This tissue shows evidence of both nutrient synthesis and transport (bidirectional transcytosis), supporting the enclosed multiple progeny. Growing primary embryo produces secondary embryos (via fission) that develop into larvae; both the secondary embyos and larvae show signs of endocytosis. Interzooidal communication pores are occupied by 1‒2 specialized pore-cells probably involved in the transport of nutrients between zooids. CONCLUSIONS Cyclostome nutritive tissue is currently the only known example of a coenocytic placental analogue, although syncytial 'elements' could potentially be formed in them too. Structurally and functionally (but not developmentally) the nutritive tissue can be compared with the syncytial placental analogues of certain invertebrates and chordates. Evolution of the cyclostome placenta, involving transformation of the hydrostatic apparatus (membranous sac) and change of its function to embryonic nourishment, is an example of exaptation that is rather widespread among matrotrophic bryozoans. We speculate that the acquisition of a highly advanced placenta providing massive nourishment might support the evolution of polyembryony in cyclostomes. In turn, massive and continuous embryonic production led to the evolution of enlarged incubating polymorphic gonozooids hosting multiple progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- U A Nekliudova
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Integrative Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja nab. 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - T F Schwaha
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Integrative Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - O N Kotenko
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja nab. 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - D Gruber
- Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Cyran
- Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - A N Ostrovsky
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja nab. 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Palaeontology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Riddle MR, Hu CK. Fish models for investigating nutritional regulation of embryonic development. Dev Biol 2021; 476:101-111. [PMID: 33831748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, biologist have focused on the spatiotemporal regulation and function of genes to understand embryogenesis. It is clear that maternal diet impacts fetal development but how nutrients, like lipids and vitamins, modify developmental programs is not completely understood. Fish are useful research organisms for such investigations. Most species of fish produce eggs that develop outside the mother, dependent on a finite amount of yolk to form and grow. The developing embryo is a closed system that can be readily biochemically analyzed, easily visualized, and manipulated to understand the role of nutrients in tissue specification, organogenesis, and growth. Natural variation in yolk composition observed across fish species may be related to unique developmental strategies. In this review, we discuss the reasons that teleost fishes are powerful models to understand nutritional control of development and highlight three species that are particularly valuable for future investigations: the zebrafish, Danio rerio, the African Killifish, Nothobranchius furzeri, and the Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus. This review is a part of a special issue on nutritional, hormonal, and metabolic drivers of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misty R Riddle
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA.
| | - Chi-Kuo Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Figiel DM, Elsayed R, Nelson AC. Investigating the molecular guts of endoderm formation using zebrafish. Brief Funct Genomics 2021:elab013. [PMID: 33754635 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate endoderm makes major contributions to the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts and all associated organs. Zebrafish and humans share a high degree of genetic homology and strikingly similar endodermal organ systems. Combined with a multitude of experimental advantages, zebrafish are an attractive model organism to study endoderm development and disease. Recent functional genomics studies have shed considerable light on the gene regulatory programs governing early zebrafish endoderm development, while advances in biological and technological approaches stand to further revolutionize our ability to investigate endoderm formation, function and disease. Here, we discuss the present understanding of endoderm specification in zebrafish compared to other vertebrates, how current and emerging methods will allow refined and enhanced analysis of endoderm formation, and how integration with human data will allow modeling of the link between non-coding sequence variants and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Figiel
- Medical Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership in Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research at Warwick Medical School
| | - Randa Elsayed
- Medical Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership in Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research at Warwick Medical School
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Lv Z, de-Carvalho J, Telley IA, Großhans J. Cytoskeletal mechanics and dynamics in the Drosophila syncytial embryo. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:134/4/jcs246496. [PMID: 33597155 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.246496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell and tissue functions rely on the genetic programmes and cascades of biochemical signals. It has become evident during the past decade that the physical properties of soft material that govern the mechanics of cells and tissues play an important role in cellular function and morphology. The biophysical properties of cells and tissues are determined by the cytoskeleton, consisting of dynamic networks of F-actin and microtubules, molecular motors, crosslinkers and other associated proteins, among other factors such as cell-cell interactions. The Drosophila syncytial embryo represents a simple pseudo-tissue, with its nuclei orderly embedded in a structured cytoskeletal matrix at the embryonic cortex with no physical separation by cellular membranes. Here, we review the stereotypic dynamics and regulation of the cytoskeleton in Drosophila syncytial embryos and how cytoskeletal dynamics underlies biophysical properties and the emergence of collective features. We highlight the specific features and processes of syncytial embryos and discuss the applicability of biophysical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Lv
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jorge de-Carvalho
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ivo A Telley
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jörg Großhans
- Fachbereich Biologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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40
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Communal living: the role of polyploidy and syncytia in tissue biology. Chromosome Res 2021; 29:245-260. [PMID: 34075512 PMCID: PMC8169410 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-021-09664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms are composed of tissues with diverse cell sizes. Whether a tissue primarily consists of numerous, small cells as opposed to fewer, large cells can impact tissue development and function. The addition of nuclear genome copies within a common cytoplasm is a recurring strategy to manipulate cellular size within a tissue. Cells with more than two genomes can exist transiently, such as in developing germlines or embryos, or can be part of mature somatic tissues. Such nuclear collectives span multiple levels of organization, from mononuclear or binuclear polyploid cells to highly multinucleate structures known as syncytia. Here, we review the diversity of polyploid and syncytial tissues found throughout nature. We summarize current literature concerning tissue construction through syncytia and/or polyploidy and speculate why one or both strategies are advantageous.
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41
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Bieczynski F, Burkhardt-Medicke K, Luquet CM, Scholz S, Luckenbach T. Chemical effects on dye efflux activity in live zebrafish embryos and on zebrafish Abcb4 ATPase activity. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:828-843. [PMID: 33274443 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins include efflux pumps that confer multixenobiotic resistance to zebrafish embryos, a valuable toxico/pharmacological model. Here, we established an automated microscopy-based rhodamine B dye accumulation assay in which enhanced dye accumulation in live zebrafish embryos indicates inhibition of multixenobiotic efflux transporter activity. Twenty structurally divergent known substrates and/or inhibitors of human ABC transporters and environmentally relevant compounds were examined using this assay and the ATPase activity of recombinant zebrafish Abcb4 as readouts. These two assays confirmed that Abcb4 functions as an efflux transporter in zebrafish, whereas they gave discordant results for some of the tested substances. The dye accumulation assay in zebrafish embryos could be useful to screen environmental pollutants and other chemicals for efflux transporter interaction in a medium-throughput fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Bieczynski
- Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue (CITAAC) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería - Universidad Nacional del Comahue (UNCo), Buenos Aires, Neuquén, Argentina.,Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathleen Burkhardt-Medicke
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carlos M Luquet
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede INIBIOMA-CEAN (CONICET-UNCo), Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Till Luckenbach
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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42
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Wild SL, Elghajiji A, Grimaldos Rodriguez C, Weston SD, Burke ZD, Tosh D. The Canonical Wnt Pathway as a Key Regulator in Liver Development, Differentiation and Homeostatic Renewal. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11101163. [PMID: 33008122 PMCID: PMC7599793 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The canonical Wnt (Wnt/β-catenin) signalling pathway is highly conserved and plays a critical role in regulating cellular processes both during development and in adult tissue homeostasis. The Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway is vital for correct body patterning and is involved in fate specification of the gut tube, the primitive precursor of liver. In adults, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is increasingly recognised as an important regulator of metabolic zonation, homeostatic renewal and regeneration in response to injury throughout the liver. Herein, we review recent developments relating to the key role of the pathway in the patterning and fate specification of the liver, in the directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into hepatocytes and in governing proliferation and zonation in the adult liver. We pay particular attention to recent contributions to the controversy surrounding homeostatic renewal and proliferation in response to injury. Furthermore, we discuss how crosstalk between the Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog (Hh) and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathways works to maintain liver homeostasis. Advancing our understanding of this pathway will benefit our ability to model disease, screen drugs and generate tissue and organ replacements for regenerative medicine.
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43
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Weger M, Weger BD, Schink A, Takamiya M, Stegmaier J, Gobet C, Parisi A, Kobitski AY, Mertes J, Krone N, Strähle U, Nienhaus GU, Mikut R, Gachon F, Gut P, Dickmeis T. MondoA regulates gene expression in cholesterol biosynthesis-associated pathways required for zebrafish epiboly. eLife 2020; 9:e57068. [PMID: 32969791 PMCID: PMC7515633 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucose-sensing Mondo pathway regulates expression of metabolic genes in mammals. Here, we characterized its function in the zebrafish and revealed an unexpected role of this pathway in vertebrate embryonic development. We showed that knockdown of mondoa impaired the early morphogenetic movement of epiboly in zebrafish embryos and caused microtubule defects. Expression of genes in the terpenoid backbone and sterol biosynthesis pathways upstream of pregnenolone synthesis was coordinately downregulated in these embryos, including the most downregulated gene nsdhl. Loss of Nsdhl function likewise impaired epiboly, similar to MondoA loss of function. Both epiboly and microtubule defects were partially restored by pregnenolone treatment. Maternal-zygotic mutants of mondoa showed perturbed epiboly with low penetrance and compensatory changes in the expression of terpenoid/sterol/steroid metabolism genes. Collectively, our results show a novel role for MondoA in the regulation of early vertebrate development, connecting glucose, cholesterol and steroid hormone metabolism with early embryonic cell movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Weger
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Benjamin D Weger
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation ParkLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Andrea Schink
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Masanari Takamiya
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Johannes Stegmaier
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Cédric Gobet
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation ParkLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Alice Parisi
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation ParkLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Andrei Yu Kobitski
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany
| | - Jonas Mertes
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany
| | - Nils Krone
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Ralf Mikut
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Frédéric Gachon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation ParkLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Philipp Gut
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation ParkLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Thomas Dickmeis
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
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44
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Presence of the matrix metalloproteinases during the migration of the primordial germ cells in zebrafish gonadal ridge. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 383:707-722. [PMID: 32960354 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In vertebrates, the primordial germ cells (PGCs) differentiate from extragonadal regions, migrating to gonadal ridge during the embryonic development. However, recent studies in mammals indicate that the PGCs originate from the epiblast and subsequently migrate into the yolk sac. Cell and molecular bases involved in routes during the migration of these cells are still not well understood. Thus, in an attempt to evaluate the participation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) during the gonadal primordium formation in Danio rerio (zebrafish), the route of migration of PGCs was analyzed. In zebrafish, during the migration of the PGCs to the forming gonad, they bind by cytoplasmic processes to the extracellular matrix and migrate through amoeboid movements until they reach the gonadal ridge. During the epiboly, MMPs were not detected. However, after organogenesis, three MMP types were expressed in the somatic cells that were located ahead of the PGCs in the migration route. This expression was maintained throughout the mesentery and was not detected in the PGCs. Upon reaching the gonadal ridge, the PGCs and somatic cells express MMPs and epithelium begins to be formed. After the formation of the basement membrane, the germinal epithelium is delineated by the somatic cells, which remodeling the extracellular matrix. So, a PGC organization occurs through the tissue, forming the gonadal primordium. Concomitantly, granulocytes expressing different MMPs are present. This data in exposing the role of MMPs during the PGC migration to the forming gonad, may point a new way in understanding the reproductive biology of the vertebrates in general.
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45
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Goh PT, Kuah MK, Chew YS, Teh HY, Shu-Chien AC. The requirements for sterol regulatory element-binding protein (Srebp) and stimulatory protein 1 (Sp1)-binding elements in the transcriptional activation of two freshwater fish Channa striata and Danio rerio elovl5 elongase. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1349-1359. [PMID: 32239337 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00793-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fish are a major source of beneficial n-3 LC-PUFA in human diet, and there is considerable interest to elucidate the mechanism and regulatory aspects of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in farmed species. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis involves the activities of two groups of enzymes, the fatty acyl desaturase (Fads) and elongase of very long-chain fatty acid (Elovl). The promoters of elovl5 elongase, which catalyses the rate-limiting reaction of elongating polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), have been previously described and characterized from several marine and diadromous teleost species. We report here the cloning and characterization of elovl5 promoter from two freshwater fish species, the carnivorous snakehead fish (Channa striata) and zebrafish. Results show the presence of sterol-responsive elements (SRE) in the core regulatory region of both promoters, suggesting the importance of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (Srebp) in the regulation of elovl5 for both species. Mutagenesis luciferase and electrophoretic mobility shift assays further validate the role of SRE for basal transcriptional activation. In addition, several Sp1-binding sites located in close proximity with SRE were present in the snakehead promoter, with one having a potential synergy with SRE in the regulation of elovl5 expression. The core zebrafish elovl5 promoter fragment also directed in vivo expression in the yolk syncytial layer of developing zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Tian Goh
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Meng-Kiat Kuah
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Sains@USM, Blok B No. 10, Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yen-Shan Chew
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Hui-Ying Teh
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Alexander Chong Shu-Chien
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Sains@USM, Blok B No. 10, Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia.
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46
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Wilson MH, Rajan S, Danoff A, White RJ, Hensley MR, Quinlivan VH, Recacha R, Thierer JH, Tan FJ, Busch-Nentwich EM, Ruddock L, Hussain MM, Farber SA. A point mutation decouples the lipid transfer activities of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008941. [PMID: 32760060 PMCID: PMC7444587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins (B-lps) are essential for the transport of hydrophobic dietary and endogenous lipids through the circulation in vertebrates. Zebrafish embryos produce large numbers of B-lps in the yolk syncytial layer (YSL) to move lipids from yolk to growing tissues. Disruptions in B-lp production perturb yolk morphology, readily allowing for visual identification of mutants with altered B-lp metabolism. Here we report the discovery of a missense mutation in microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mtp), a protein that is essential for B-lp production. This mutation of a conserved glycine residue to valine (zebrafish G863V, human G865V) reduces B-lp production and results in yolk opacity due to aberrant accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets in the YSL. However, this phenotype is milder than that of the previously reported L475P stalactite (stl) mutation. MTP transfers lipids, including triglycerides and phospholipids, to apolipoprotein B in the ER for B-lp assembly. In vitro lipid transfer assays reveal that while both MTP mutations eliminate triglyceride transfer activity, the G863V mutant protein unexpectedly retains ~80% of phospholipid transfer activity. This residual phospholipid transfer activity of the G863V mttp mutant protein is sufficient to support the secretion of small B-lps, which prevents intestinal fat malabsorption and growth defects observed in the mttpstl/stl mutant zebrafish. Modeling based on the recent crystal structure of the heterodimeric human MTP complex suggests the G865V mutation may block triglyceride entry into the lipid-binding cavity. Together, these data argue that selective inhibition of MTP triglyceride transfer activity may be a feasible therapeutic approach to treat dyslipidemia and provide structural insight for drug design. These data also highlight the power of yolk transport studies to identify proteins critical for B-lp biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith H. Wilson
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sujith Rajan
- New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, United States of America
| | - Aidan Danoff
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard J. White
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Monica R. Hensley
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vanessa H. Quinlivan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rosario Recacha
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - James H. Thierer
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Frederick J. Tan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth M. Busch-Nentwich
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lloyd Ruddock
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - M. Mahmood Hussain
- New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Farber
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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47
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Schauer A, Pinheiro D, Hauschild R, Heisenberg CP. Zebrafish embryonic explants undergo genetically encoded self-assembly. eLife 2020; 9:55190. [PMID: 32250246 PMCID: PMC7190352 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cell cultures are thought to self-organize into embryoid bodies, able to undergo symmetry-breaking, germ layer specification and even morphogenesis. Yet, it is unclear how to reconcile this remarkable self-organization capacity with classical experiments demonstrating key roles for extrinsic biases by maternal factors and/or extraembryonic tissues in embryogenesis. Here, we show that zebrafish embryonic tissue explants, prepared prior to germ layer induction and lacking extraembryonic tissues, can specify all germ layers and form a seemingly complete mesendoderm anlage. Importantly, explant organization requires polarized inheritance of maternal factors from dorsal-marginal regions of the blastoderm. Moreover, induction of endoderm and head-mesoderm, which require peak Nodal-signaling levels, is highly variable in explants, reminiscent of embryos with reduced Nodal signals from the extraembryonic tissues. Together, these data suggest that zebrafish explants do not undergo bona fide self-organization, but rather display features of genetically encoded self-assembly, where intrinsic genetic programs control the emergence of order.
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Valanciunaite J, Kempf E, Seki H, Danylchuk DI, Peyriéras N, Niko Y, Klymchenko AS. Polarity Mapping of Cells and Embryos by Improved Fluorescent Solvatochromic Pyrene Probe. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6512-6520. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jurga Valanciunaite
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Emilie Kempf
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Hitomi Seki
- Research and Education Faculty, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Interdisciplinary Science Unit, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
| | - Dmytro I. Danylchuk
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Nadine Peyriéras
- CNRS USR3695 BioEmergences, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yosuke Niko
- Research and Education Faculty, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Interdisciplinary Science Unit, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
| | - Andrey S. Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
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Hung IC, Chen TM, Lin JP, Tai YL, Shen TL, Lee SJ. Wnt5b integrates Fak1a to mediate gastrulation cell movements via Rac1 and Cdc42. Open Biol 2020; 10:190273. [PMID: 32097584 PMCID: PMC7058935 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) mediates vital cellular pathways during development. Despite its necessity, how FAK regulates and integrates with other signals during early embryogenesis remains poorly understood. We found that the loss of Fak1a impaired epiboly, convergent extension and hypoblast cell migration in zebrafish embryos. We also observed a clear disturbance in cortical actin at the blastoderm margin and distribution of yolk syncytial nuclei. In addition, we investigated a possible link between Fak1a and a well-known gastrulation regulator, Wnt5b, and revealed that the overexpression of fak1a or wnt5b could cross-rescue convergence defects induced by a wnt5b or fak1a antisense morpholino (MO), respectively. Wnt5b and Fak1a were shown to converge in regulating Rac1 and Cdc42, which could synergistically rescue wnt5b and fak1a morphant phenotypes. Furthermore, we generated several alleles of fak1a mutants using CRISPR/Cas9, but those mutants only revealed mild gastrulation defects. However, injection of a subthreshold level of the wnt5b MO induced severe gastrulation defects in fak1a mutants, which suggested that the upregulated expression of wnt5b might complement the loss of Fak1a. Collectively, we demonstrated that a functional interaction between Wnt and FAK signalling mediates gastrulation cell movements via the possible regulation of Rac1 and Cdc42 and subsequent actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Hung
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ming Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Tai
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Long Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Jye Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Perugini M, Merola C, Amorena M, D'Angelo M, Cimini A, Benedetti E. Sublethal exposure to propylparaben leads to lipid metabolism impairment in zebrafish early-life stages. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 40:493-503. [PMID: 31889330 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parabens are widely used in cosmetics, toiletries, food and pharmaceuticals. Toxicological effects of parabens on human lipid metabolism are not well established. The present study used the early-life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to determine the toxicity of propylparaben (PP). The embryos were exposed for 96 hours postfertilization (hpf) at five different concentrations of PP, and lethal and sublethal alterations were recorded daily. The lethal concentration 50 (LC50 ) value was 3.98 mg/L. The most common sublethal alterations recorded at 1 and 2 mg/L were an enlarged and misshaped yolk sac, hyperexcitability, and reduction in head size and swim bladder. At sublethal concentrations of 1 and 2 mg/L, we observed an altered lipid metabolism, in terms of decrease in neutral lipid mobilization from yolk and alteration of phospholipid metabolism, both in the body and in the yolk sac. These observations were combined with strong head cartilage defects, indicating a strong effect of PP on head development. This research demonstrates that PP interferes with lipid utilization in zebrafish during early-life stages that might be involved in neurological and skeletal abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Perugini
- Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Carmine Merola
- Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Michele Amorena
- Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Michele D'Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
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