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Wietschel KA, Fechtner K, Antileo E, Abdurrahman G, Drechsler CA, Makuvise MK, Rose R, Voß M, Krumbholz A, Michalik S, Weiss S, Ulm L, Franikowski P, Fickenscher H, Bröker BM, Raafat D, Holtfreter S. Non-cross-reactive epitopes dominate the humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccination - kinetics of plasma antibodies, plasmablasts and memory B cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1382911. [PMID: 38807606 PMCID: PMC11130424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1382911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective in inducing protective immunity. While the serum antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination has been studied in depth, our knowledge of the underlying plasmablast and memory B cell (Bmem) responses is still incomplete. Here, we determined the antibody and B cell response to COVID-19 vaccination in a naïve population and contrasted it with the response to a single influenza vaccination in a primed cohort. In addition, we analyzed the antibody and B cell responses against the four endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs). Methods Measurement of specific plasma IgG antibodies was combined with functional analyses of antibody-secreting plasmablasts and Bmems. SARS-CoV-2- and HCoV-specific IgG antibodies were quantified with an in-house bead-based multiplexed immunoassay. Results The antibody and B cell responses to COVID-19 vaccination reflected the kinetics of a prime-boost immunization, characterized by a slow and moderate primary response and a faster and stronger secondary response. In contrast, the influenza vaccinees possessed robust immune memory for the vaccine antigens prior to vaccination, and the recall vaccination moderately boosted antibody production and Bmem responses. Antibody levels and Bmem responses waned several months after the 2nd COVID-19 vaccination, but were restored upon the 3rd vaccination. The COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibodies mainly targeted novel, non-cross-reactive S1 epitopes of the viral spike protein, while cross-reactive S2 epitopes were less immunogenic. Booster vaccination not only strongly enhanced neutralizing antibodies against an original SARS-CoV-2 strain, but also induced neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron BA.2 variant. We observed a 100% plasma antibody prevalence against the S1 subunits of HCoVs, which was not affected by vaccination. Discussion Overall, by complementing classical serology with a functional evaluation of plasmablasts and memory B cells we provide new insights into the specificity of COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibody and B cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian A. Wietschel
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kevin Fechtner
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elmer Antileo
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Goran Abdurrahman
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Chiara A. Drechsler
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Ruben Rose
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mathias Voß
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andi Krumbholz
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Labor Dr. Krause und Kollegen MVZ GmbH, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Michalik
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lena Ulm
- Friedrich Loeffler-Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Philipp Franikowski
- Institute for Educational Quality Improvement, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Fickenscher
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Barbara M. Bröker
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dina Raafat
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Silva Holtfreter
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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2
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Kasten-Jolly J, Lawrence DA. Cellular and Molecular Immunity to Influenza Viruses and Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:389. [PMID: 38675771 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune responses to influenza (flu) antigens reflect memory of prior infections or vaccinations, which might influence immunity to new flu antigens. Memory of past antigens has been termed "original antigenic sin" or, more recently, "immune imprinting" and "seniority". We have researched a comparison between the immune response to live flu infections and inactivated flu vaccinations. A brief history of antibody generation theories is presented, culminating in new findings about the immune-network theory and suggesting that a network of clones exists between anti-idiotypic antibodies and T cell receptors. Findings regarding the 2009 pandemic flu strain and immune responses to it are presented, including memory B cells and conserved regions within the hemagglutinin protein. The importance of CD4+ memory T cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells responding to both infections and vaccinations are discussed and compared. Innate immune cells, like natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages, are discussed regarding their roles in adaptive immune responses. Antigen presentation via macroautophagy processes is described. New vaccines in development are mentioned along with the results of some clinical trials. The manuscript concludes with how repeated vaccinations are impacting the immune system and a sketch of what might be behind the imprinting phenomenon, including future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Kasten-Jolly
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - David A Lawrence
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Science and Environmental Health Science, University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
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Chen W, Hong SH, Jenks SA, Anam FA, Tipton CM, Woodruff MC, Hom JR, Cashman KS, Faliti CE, Wang X, Kyu S, Wei C, Scharer CD, Mi T, Hicks S, Hartson L, Nguyen DC, Khosroshahi A, Lee S, Wang Y, Bugrovsky R, Ishii Y, Lee FEH, Sanz I. Distinct transcriptomes and autocrine cytokines underpin maturation and survival of antibody-secreting cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1899. [PMID: 38429276 PMCID: PMC10907730 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46053-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple autoantibody types, some of which are produced by long-lived plasma cells (LLPC). Active SLE generates increased circulating antibody-secreting cells (ASC). Here, we examine the phenotypic, molecular, structural, and functional features of ASC in SLE. Relative to post-vaccination ASC in healthy controls, circulating blood ASC from patients with active SLE are enriched with newly generated mature CD19-CD138+ ASC, similar to bone marrow LLPC. ASC from patients with SLE displayed morphological features of premature maturation and a transcriptome epigenetically initiated in SLE B cells. ASC from patients with SLE exhibited elevated protein levels of CXCR4, CXCR3 and CD138, along with molecular programs that promote survival. Furthermore, they demonstrate autocrine production of APRIL and IL-10, which contributed to their prolonged in vitro survival. Our work provides insight into the mechanisms of generation, expansion, maturation and survival of SLE ASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - So-Hee Hong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Scott A Jenks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fabliha A Anam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher M Tipton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew C Woodruff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Hom
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin S Cashman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Caterina Elisa Faliti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shuya Kyu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chungwen Wei
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tian Mi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sakeenah Hicks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Louise Hartson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Doan C Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arezou Khosroshahi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Saeyun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Youliang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Regina Bugrovsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yusho Ishii
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - F Eun-Hyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Nguyen DC, Saney C, Hentenaar IT, Cabrera-Mora M, Capric V, Woodruff MC, Andrews J, Lonial S, Sanz I, Lee FEH. Majority of human circulating IgG plasmablasts stop blasting in a cell-free pro-survival culture. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3616. [PMID: 38350990 PMCID: PMC10864258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53977-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Following infection or vaccination, early-minted antibody secreting cells (ASC) or plasmablasts appear in circulation transiently, and a small fraction migrates to the spleen or bone marrow (BM) to mature into long-lived plasma cells (LLPC). While LLPC, by definition, are quiescent or non-dividing, the majority of blood ASC are thought to be "blasting" or proliferative. In this study, we find > 95% nascent blood ASC in culture express Ki-67 but only 6-12% incorporate BrdU after 4 h or 24 h labeling. In contrast, < 5% BM LLPC in culture are Ki-67+ with no BrdU uptake. Due to limitations of traditional flow cytometry, we utilized a novel optofluidic technology to evaluate cell division with simultaneous functional IgG secretion. We find 11% early-minted blood ASC undergo division, and none of the terminally differentiated BM LLPC (CD19-CD38hiCD138+) divide during the 7-21 days in culture. While BM LLPC undergo complete cell cycle arrest, the process of differentiation into an ASC or plasmablasts also discourages entry into S phase. Since the majority of Ki-67+ nascent blood ASC have exited cell cycle and are no longer actively "blasting", the term "plasmablast", which traditionally refers to an ASC that still has the capacity to divide, may probably be a misnomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan C Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Celia Saney
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ian T Hentenaar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Monica Cabrera-Mora
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Violeta Capric
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew C Woodruff
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel Andrews
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - F Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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5
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Fonseca HAR, Zimerman A, Monfardini F, Guimarães HP, Pedrosa RP, Patriota RDLS, Couto Patriota TLG, Passos LCS, Dall'Orto FTC, Hoffmann Filho CR, Nascimento BR, Baldissera FA, Pereira CAC, Caramori PRA, Andrade PB, Okoshi MP, Polanczyk CA, Silveira FS, Villacorta AS, Nicolau JC, Rizzo LV, Berwanger O. In-Hospital influenza vaccination to prevent cardiorespiratory events in the first 45 days after acute coronary syndrome: A prespecified analysis of the VIP-ACS trial. Vaccine 2024; 42:496-504. [PMID: 38154990 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza vaccination prevents major cardiovascular events in individuals presenting a recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS), however the early effect of an in-hospital double-dose vaccination strategy remains uncertain. METHODS The VIP-ACS was a randomized, pragmatic, multicenter, open-label trial with a blinded-adjudication endpoint. Patients with ACS ≤ 7 days of hospitalization were randomized to an in-hospital double-dose quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (double-dose) or a standard-dose influenza vaccine at 30 days post-randomization. The primary endpoint was a hierarchical composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina, hospitalization for heart failure, urgent coronary revascularization, and hospitalization for respiratory infections, analyzed with the win ratio (WR) method in short-term follow-up (45-days after randomization). RESULTS The trial enrolled 1,801 patients (≥18 years old). Median participant age was 57 years, 70 % were male. There were no significant differences between groups on the primary hierarchical endpoint: there were 5.7 % wins in the double-dose in-hospital group and 5.5 % wins in the standard-dose delayed vaccination group (WR: 1.03; 95 % CI: 0.70---1.53; P = 0.85). In a sensitivity analysis including COVID-19 infection in the hospitalizations for respiratory infections endpoint, overall results were maintained (WR: 1.03; 95 % CI 0.71---1.51; P = 0.87). Results were consistent for major cardiovascular events only (WR: 0.82; 95 % CI: 0.48---1.39; P = 0.46). No serious adverse events were observed. CONCLUSION In patients with recent ACS, in-hospital double-dose influenza vaccination did not significantly reduce cardiorespiratory events at 45 days compared with standard-dose vaccination at 30 days post-randomization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - André Zimerman
- TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Frederico Monfardini
- Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hélio Penna Guimarães
- Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cesar A C Pereira
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carisi Anne Polanczyk
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Carlos Nicolau
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz V Rizzo
- Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Otávio Berwanger
- Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.
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6
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Ivanova EN, Shwetar J, Devlin JC, Buus TB, Gray-Gaillard S, Koide A, Cornelius A, Samanovic MI, Herrera A, Mimitou EP, Zhang C, Karmacharya T, Desvignes L, Ødum N, Smibert P, Ulrich RJ, Mulligan MJ, Koide S, Ruggles KV, Herati RS, Koralov SB. mRNA COVID-19 vaccine elicits potent adaptive immune response without the acute inflammation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. iScience 2023; 26:108572. [PMID: 38213787 PMCID: PMC10783604 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination elicit potent immune responses. Our study presents a comprehensive multimodal single-cell analysis of blood from COVID-19 patients and healthy volunteers receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and booster. We profiled immune responses via transcriptional analysis and lymphocyte repertoire reconstruction. COVID-19 patients displayed an enhanced interferon signature and cytotoxic gene upregulation, absent in vaccine recipients. B and T cell repertoire analysis revealed clonal expansion among effector cells in COVID-19 patients and memory cells in vaccine recipients. Furthermore, while clonal αβ T cell responses were observed in both COVID-19 patients and vaccine recipients, expansion of clonal γδ T cells was found only in infected individuals. Our dataset enables side-by-side comparison of immune responses to infection versus vaccination, including clonal B and T cell responses. Our comparative analysis shows that vaccination induces a robust, durable clonal B and T cell responses, without the severe inflammation associated with infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie N. Ivanova
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jasmine Shwetar
- Institute of Systems Genetics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Joseph C. Devlin
- Institute of Systems Genetics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Terkild B. Buus
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophie Gray-Gaillard
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Akiko Koide
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Amber Cornelius
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marie I. Samanovic
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alberto Herrera
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Chenzhen Zhang
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Trishala Karmacharya
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ludovic Desvignes
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- High Containment Laboratories, Office of Science and Research, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Niels Ødum
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Robert J. Ulrich
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mark J. Mulligan
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shohei Koide
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kelly V. Ruggles
- Institute of Systems Genetics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ramin S. Herati
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sergei B. Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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7
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Painter MM, Johnston TS, Lundgreen KA, Santos JJS, Qin JS, Goel RR, Apostolidis SA, Mathew D, Fulmer B, Williams JC, McKeague ML, Pattekar A, Goode A, Nasta S, Baxter AE, Giles JR, Skelly AN, Felley LE, McLaughlin M, Weaver J, Kuthuru O, Dougherty J, Adamski S, Long S, Kee M, Clendenin C, da Silva Antunes R, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Huang AC, Rader DJ, Hensley SE, Bates P, Greenplate AR, Wherry EJ. Prior vaccination promotes early activation of memory T cells and enhances immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1711-1724. [PMID: 37735592 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of vaccinated individuals is increasingly common but rarely results in severe disease, likely due to the enhanced potency and accelerated kinetics of memory immune responses. However, there have been few opportunities to rigorously study early recall responses during human viral infection. To better understand human immune memory and identify potential mediators of lasting vaccine efficacy, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry and SARS-CoV-2 antigen probes to examine immune responses in longitudinal samples from vaccinated individuals infected during the Omicron wave. These studies revealed heightened spike-specific responses during infection of vaccinated compared to unvaccinated individuals. Spike-specific cluster of differentiation (CD)4 T cells and plasmablasts expanded and CD8 T cells were robustly activated during the first week. In contrast, memory B cell activation, neutralizing antibody production and primary responses to nonspike antigens occurred during the second week. Collectively, these data demonstrate the functionality of vaccine-primed immune memory and highlight memory T cells as rapid responders during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Painter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy S Johnston
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kendall A Lundgreen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jefferson J S Santos
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juliana S Qin
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rishi R Goel
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sokratis A Apostolidis
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bria Fulmer
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Justine C Williams
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michelle L McKeague
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ahmad Goode
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sean Nasta
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy E Baxter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Josephine R Giles
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ashwin N Skelly
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura E Felley
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maura McLaughlin
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joellen Weaver
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeanette Dougherty
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharon Adamski
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sherea Long
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Macy Kee
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia Clendenin
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ricardo da Silva Antunes
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander C Huang
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Medicine Biobank, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Bates
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison R Greenplate
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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8
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Nguyen DC, Saney C, Hentenaar IT, Cabrera-Mora M, Woodruff MC, Andrews J, Lonial S, Sanz I, Lee FEH. Majority of human circulating plasmablasts stop blasting: A probable misnomer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.10.557057. [PMID: 37745615 PMCID: PMC10515790 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.10.557057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Following infection or vaccination, early-minted antibody secreting cells (ASC) or plasmablasts appear in circulation transiently, and a small fraction migrates to the spleen or bone marrow (BM) to mature into long-lived plasma cells (LLPC). While LLPC, by definition, are quiescent or non-dividing, the majority of blood ASC are thought to be "blasting" or proliferative. In this study, we find >95% nascent blood ASC in culture express Ki-67 but only 6-12% incorporate BrdU after 4h or 24h labeling. In contrast, <5% BM LLPC in culture are Ki-67 + with no BrdU uptake. Due to limitations of traditional flow cytometry, we utilized a novel optofluidic technology to evaluate cell division with simultaneous functional Ig secretion. We find 11% early-minted blood ASC undergo division, and none of the terminally differentiated BM LLPC (CD19 - CD38 hi CD138 + ) divide during the 7-21 days in culture. While BM LLPC undergo complete cell cycle arrest, the process of differentiation into an ASC of plasmablasts discourages entry into S phase. Since the majority of Ki-67 + nascent blood ASC have exited cell cycle and are no longer actively "blasting", the term "plasmablast", which traditionally refers to an ASC that still has the capacity to divide, may probably be a misnomer.
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9
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Covens K, Verbinnen B, de Jong BG, Moens L, Wuyts G, Verheyen G, Nys K, Cremer J, Smulders S, Schrijvers R, Weinhäusel A, Vermeire S, Verschueren P, Langhe ED, van Dongen JJM, van Zelm MC, Bossuyt X. Plasma cells are not restricted to the CD27+ phenotype: characterization of CD27-CD43+ antibody-secreting cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1165936. [PMID: 37492569 PMCID: PMC10364057 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1165936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating antibody-secreting cells are present in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals reflecting the continued activity of the humoral immune system. Antibody-secreting cells typically express CD27. Here we describe and characterize a small population of antibody-secreting class switched CD19+CD43+ B cells that lack expression of CD27 in the peripheral blood of healthy subjects. In this study, we characterized CD27-CD43+ cells. We demonstrate that class-switched CD27-CD43+ B cells possess characteristics of conventional plasmablasts as they spontaneously secrete antibodies, are morphologically similar to antibody-secreting cells, show downregulation of B cell differentiation markers, and have a gene expression profile related to conventional plasmablasts. Despite these similarities, we observed differences in IgA and IgG subclass distribution, expression of homing markers, replication history, frequency of somatic hypermutation, immunoglobulin repertoire, gene expression related to Toll-like receptors, cytokines, and cytokine receptors, and antibody response to vaccination. Their frequency is altered in immune-mediated disorders. Conclusion we characterized CD27-CD43+ cells as antibody-secreting cells with differences in function and homing potential as compared to conventional CD27+ antibody-secreting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Covens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium
- Biocartis, Research and Development, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Bert Verbinnen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium
- Biomedical Laboratory Technology, Radius, Life Sciences and Chemistry, Thomas More Kempen, Geel, Belgium
| | - Britt G. de Jong
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Periodontology, ACTA, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leen Moens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Inborn Errors of Immunity, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet Wuyts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Verheyen
- Biomedical Laboratory Technology, Radius, Life Sciences and Chemistry, Thomas More Kempen, Geel, Belgium
| | - Kris Nys
- Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Cremer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn Smulders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Schrijvers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas Weinhäusel
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Ellen De Langhe
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacques J. M. van Dongen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CIC-IBMCC, USAL-CSIC-FICUS), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Menno C. van Zelm
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xavier Bossuyt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Chen W, Hong SH, Jenks SA, Anam FA, Tipton CM, Woodruff MC, Hom JR, Cashman KS, Faliti CE, Wang X, Kyu S, Wei C, Scharer CD, Mi T, Hicks S, Hartson L, Nguyen DC, Khosroshahi A, Lee S, Wang Y, Bugrovsky R, Ishii Y, Lee FEH, Sanz I. SLE Antibody-Secreting Cells Are Characterized by Enhanced Peripheral Maturation and Survival Programs. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3016327. [PMID: 37461641 PMCID: PMC10350208 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3016327/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple autoantibodies, some of which are present in high titers in a sustained, B cell-independent fashion consistent with their generation from long-lived plasma cells (LLPC). Active SLE displays high numbers of circulating antibody-secreting cells (ASC). Understanding the mechanisms of generation and survival of SLE ASC would contribute important insight into disease pathogenesis and novel targeted therapies. We studied the properties of SLE ASC through a systematic analysis of their phenotypic, molecular, structural, and functional features. Our results indicate that in active SLE, relative to healthy post-immunization responses, blood ASC contain a much larger fraction of newly generated mature CD19- CD138+ ASC similar to bone marrow (BM) LLPC. SLE ASC were characterized by morphological and structural features of premature maturation. Additionally, SLE ASC express high levels of CXCR4 and CD138, and molecular programs consistent with increased longevity based on pro-survival and attenuated pro-apoptotic pathways. Notably, SLE ASC demonstrate autocrine production of APRIL and IL-10 and experience prolonged in vitro survival. Combined, our findings indicate that SLE ASC are endowed with enhanced peripheral maturation, survival and BM homing potential suggesting that these features likely underlie BM expansion of autoreactive PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - So-Hee Hong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Scott A. Jenks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fabliha A. Anam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher M. Tipton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew C. Woodruff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Hom
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin S. Cashman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Caterina Elisa Faliti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shuya Kyu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chungwen Wei
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher D. Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tian Mi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sakeenah Hicks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Louise Hartson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Doan C. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arezou Khosroshahi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Saeyun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Youliang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Regina Bugrovsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yusho Ishii
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - F. Eun-Hyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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11
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Kättström M, Uggla B, Tina E, Kimby E, Norén T, Athlin S. Improved plasmablast response after repeated pneumococcal revaccinations following primary immunization with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine or 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Vaccine 2023; 41:3128-3136. [PMID: 37061372 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) show an immune dysfunction with increased risk of infections and poor response to vaccination. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in CLL patients. In a previous randomized clinical trial, we found a superior immune response in CLL patients receiving conjugated pneumococcal vaccine compared to non-conjugated vaccine. The response to revaccination in CLL patients is scarcely studied. In this study, early humoral response to repeated revaccinations with pneumococcal vaccines was evaluated, by determination of B cell subsets and plasmablast dynamics in peripheral blood. METHOD CLL patients (n = 14) and immunocompetent controls (n = 31) were revaccinated with a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) after previous primary immunization (3-6 years ago) with PCV13 or a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). Eight weeks after the first revaccination, all CLL patients received a second revaccination with PCV13 or PPSV23. B cell subsets including plasmablasts were analyzed in peripheral blood by flow cytometry, before and after the first and the second revaccination. RESULTS None of the CLL patients, but all controls, had detectable plasmablasts at baseline (p < 0.001). After the first revaccination with PCV13, the plasmablast proportions did not increase in CLL patients (p = 0.13), while increases were seen in controls (p < 0.001). However, after a second revaccination with PCV13 or PPSV23, plasmablasts increased compared to baseline also in CLL patients (p < 0.01). If no response was evident after first revaccination, only a second revaccination with PCV13 increased plasmablasts in contrast to PPSV23 revaccination. Patients with hypogammaglobulinemia and ongoing/previous CLL specific treatment responded poorly, also to a second revaccination. CONCLUSION In CLL patients, pneumococcal revaccination induced minor early plasmablast response compared to controls, but the response improved using a strategy of repeated doses with of conjugated T cell dependent pneumococcal vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kättström
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE 70185 Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Bertil Uggla
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE 70185 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Tina
- Department of Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Eva Kimby
- Unit of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Norén
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Simon Athlin
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE 70185 Örebro, Sweden
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12
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Painter MM, Johnston TS, Lundgreen KA, Santos JJS, Qin JS, Goel RR, Apostolidis SA, Mathew D, Fulmer B, Williams JC, McKeague ML, Pattekar A, Goode A, Nasta S, Baxter AE, Giles JR, Skelly AN, Felley LE, McLaughlin M, Weaver J, Kuthuru O, Dougherty J, Adamski S, Long S, Kee M, Clendenin C, da Silva Antunes R, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Huang AC, Rader DJ, Hensley SE, Bates P, Greenplate AR, Wherry EJ. Prior vaccination enhances immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection with early activation of memory T cells followed by production of potent neutralizing antibodies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.05.527215. [PMID: 36798171 PMCID: PMC9934532 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.05.527215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection of vaccinated individuals is increasingly common but rarely results in severe disease, likely due to the enhanced potency and accelerated kinetics of memory immune responses. However, there have been few opportunities to rigorously study early recall responses during human viral infection. To better understand human immune memory and identify potential mediators of lasting vaccine efficacy, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry and SARS-CoV-2 antigen probes to examine immune responses in longitudinal samples from vaccinated individuals infected during the Omicron wave. These studies revealed heightened Spike-specific responses during infection of vaccinated compared to unvaccinated individuals. Spike-specific CD4 T cells and plasmablasts expanded and CD8 T cells were robustly activated during the first week. In contrast, memory B cell activation, neutralizing antibody production, and primary responses to non-Spike antigens occurred during the second week. Collectively, these data demonstrate the functionality of vaccine-primed immune memory and highlight memory T cells as rapid responders during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Painter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy S Johnston
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kendall A Lundgreen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jefferson J S Santos
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juliana S Qin
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rishi R Goel
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sokratis A Apostolidis
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bria Fulmer
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Justine C Williams
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michelle L McKeague
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ahmad Goode
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sean Nasta
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy E Baxter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Josephine R Giles
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ashwin N Skelly
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura E Felley
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maura McLaughlin
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joellen Weaver
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeanette Dougherty
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharon Adamski
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sherea Long
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Macy Kee
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia Clendenin
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ricardo da Silva Antunes
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI); La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI); La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI); La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI); La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander C Huang
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Bates
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison R Greenplate
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
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13
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Surface Modification of Biodegradable Microparticles with the Novel Host-Derived Immunostimulant CPDI-02 Significantly Increases Short-Term and Long-Term Mucosal and Systemic Antibodies against Encapsulated Protein Antigen in Young Naïve Mice after Respiratory Immunization. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091843. [PMID: 36145590 PMCID: PMC9502690 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating long-lived mucosal and systemic antibodies through respiratory immunization with protective antigens encapsulated in nanoscale biodegradable particles could potentially decrease or eliminate the incidence of many infectious diseases, but requires the incorporation of a suitable mucosal immunostimulant. We previously found that respiratory immunization with a model protein antigen (LPS-free OVA) encapsulated in PLGA 50:50 nanoparticles (~380 nm diameter) surface-modified with complement peptide-derived immunostimulant 02 (CPDI-02; formerly EP67) through 2 kDa PEG linkers increases mucosal and systemic OVA-specific memory T-cells with long-lived surface phenotypes in young, naïve female C57BL/6 mice. Here, we determined if respiratory immunization with LPS-free OVA encapsulated in similar PLGA 50:50 microparticles (~1 μm diameter) surface-modified with CPDI-02 (CPDI-02-MP) increases long-term OVA-specific mucosal and systemic antibodies. We found that, compared to MP surface-modified with inactive, scrambled scCPDI-02 (scCPDI-02-MP), intranasal administration of CPDI-02-MP in 50 μL sterile PBS greatly increased titers of short-term (14 days post-immunization) and long-term (90 days post-immunization) antibodies against encapsulated LPS-free OVA in nasal lavage fluids, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and sera of young, naïve female C57BL/6 mice with minimal lung inflammation. Thus, surface modification of ~1 μm biodegradable microparticles with CPDI-02 is likely to increase long-term mucosal and systemic antibodies against encapsulated protein antigen after respiratory and possibly other routes of mucosal immunization.
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14
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Nguyen DC, Lamothe PA, Woodruff MC, Saini AS, Faliti CE, Sanz I, Lee FE. COVID-19 and plasma cells: Is there long-lived protection? Immunol Rev 2022; 309:40-63. [PMID: 35801537 PMCID: PMC9350162 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the etiology of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, has resulted in over 450 million cases with more than 6 million deaths worldwide, causing global disruptions since early 2020. Memory B cells and durable antibody protection from long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) are the mainstay of most effective vaccines. However, ending the pandemic has been hampered by the lack of long-lived immunity after infection or vaccination. Although immunizations offer protection from severe disease and hospitalization, breakthrough infections still occur, most likely due to new mutant viruses and the overall decline of neutralizing antibodies after 6 months. Here, we review the current knowledge of B cells, from extrafollicular to memory populations, with a focus on distinct plasma cell subsets, such as early-minted blood antibody-secreting cells and the bone marrow LLPC, and how these humoral compartments contribute to protection after SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan C. Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Pedro A. Lamothe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Matthew C. Woodruff
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of ExcellenceEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Ankur S. Saini
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of ExcellenceEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Caterina E. Faliti
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of ExcellenceEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Frances Eun‐Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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15
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Silveira CGT, Magnani DM, Costa PR, Avelino-Silva VI, Ricciardi MJ, Timenetsky MDCST, Goulart R, Correia CA, Marmorato MP, Ferrari L, Nakagawa ZB, Tomiyama C, Tomiyama H, Kalil J, Palacios R, Precioso AR, Watkins DI, Kallás EG. Plasmablast Expansion Following the Tetravalent, Live-Attenuated Dengue Vaccine Butantan-DV in DENV-Naïve and DENV-Exposed Individuals in a Brazilian Cohort. Front Immunol 2022; 13:908398. [PMID: 35837409 PMCID: PMC9274664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective vaccine against the dengue virus (DENV) should induce a balanced, long-lasting antibody (Ab) response against all four viral serotypes. The burst of plasmablasts in the peripheral blood after vaccination may reflect enriched vaccine-specific Ab secreting cells. Here we characterize the acute plasmablast responses from naïve and DENV-exposed individuals following immunization with the live attenuated tetravalent (LAT) Butantan DENV vaccine (Butantan-DV). The frequency of circulating plasmablasts was determined by flow cytometric analysis of fresh whole blood specimens collected from 40 participants enrolled in the Phase II Butantan-DV clinical trial (NCT01696422) before and after (days 6, 12, 15 and 22) vaccination. We observed a peak in the number of circulating plasmablast at day 15 after vaccination in both the DENV naïve and the DENV-exposed vaccinees. DENV-exposed vaccinees experienced a significantly higher plasmablast expansion. In the DENV-naïve vaccinees, plasmablasts persisted for approximately three weeks longer than among DENV-exposed volunteers. Our findings indicate that the Butantan-DV can induce plasmablast responses in both DENV-naïve and DENV-exposed individuals and demonstrate the influence of pre-existing DENV immunity on Butantan DV-induced B-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia G. T. Silveira
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diogo M. Magnani
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Priscilla R. Costa
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian I. Avelino-Silva
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael J. Ricciardi
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Raphaella Goulart
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina A. Correia
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana P. Marmorato
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Ferrari
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zelinda B. Nakagawa
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Tomiyama
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Tomiyama
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Palacios
- Division of Clinical Trials and Pharmacovigilance, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexander R. Precioso
- Division of Clinical Trials and Pharmacovigilance, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David I. Watkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Esper G. Kallás
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Bartlett ML, Suwanmanee S, Peart Akindele N, Ghimire S, Chan AK, Guo C, Gould SJ, Cox AL, Griffin DE. Continued Virus-Specific Antibody-Secreting Cell Production, Avidity Maturation and B Cell Evolution in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:259-272. [PMID: 35285743 PMCID: PMC9063170 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the development and sustainability of the virus-specific protective immune response to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains incomplete with respect to the appearance and disappearance of virus-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in circulation. Therefore, we performed cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma collected from 55 hospitalized patients up to 4 months after onset of COVID-19 symptoms. Spike (S)- and nucleocapsid (N)-specific IgM and IgG ASCs appeared within 2 weeks accompanied by flow cytometry increases in double negative plasmablasts consistent with a rapid extrafollicular B cell response. Total and virus-specific IgM and IgG ASCs peaked at 3-4 weeks and were still being produced at 3-4 months accompanied by increasing antibody avidity consistent with a slower germinal center B cell response. N-specific ASCs were produced for longer than S-specific ASCs and avidity maturation was greater for antibody to N than S. Patients with more severe disease produced more S-specific IgM and IgG ASCs than those with mild disease and had higher levels of N- and S-specific antibody. Women had more B cells in circulation than men and produced more S-specific IgA and IgG and N-specific IgG ASCs. Flow cytometry analysis of B cell phenotypes showed an increase in circulating B cells at 4-6 weeks with decreased percentages of switched and unswitched memory B cells. These data indicate ongoing antigen-specific stimulation, maturation, and production of ASCs for several months after onset of symptoms in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie L. Bartlett
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - San Suwanmanee
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nadine Peart Akindele
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shristi Ghimire
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andy K.P. Chan
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chenxu Guo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J. Gould
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea L. Cox
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Diane E. Griffin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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17
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Joyner CJ, Ley AM, Nguyen DC, Ali M, Corrado A, Tipton C, Scharer CD, Mi T, Woodruff MC, Hom J, Boss JM, Duan M, Gibson G, Roberts D, Andrews J, Lonial S, Sanz I, Lee FEH. Generation of human long-lived plasma cells by developmentally regulated epigenetic imprinting. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:e202101285. [PMID: 34952892 PMCID: PMC8739272 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody secreting cells (ASCs) circulate after vaccination and infection and migrate to the BM where a subset known as long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) persists and secrete antibodies for a lifetime. The mechanisms by which circulating ASCs become LLPCs are not well elucidated. Here, we show that human blood ASCs have distinct morphology, transcriptomes, and epigenetics compared with BM LLPCs. Compared with blood ASCs, BM LLPCs have decreased nucleus/cytoplasm ratio but increased endoplasmic reticulum and numbers of mitochondria. LLPCs up-regulate pro-survival genes MCL1, BCL2, and BCL-XL while simultaneously down-regulating pro-apoptotic genes HRK1, CASP3, and CASP8 Consistent with reduced gene expression, the pro-apoptotic gene loci are less accessible in LLPCs. Of the pro-survival genes, only BCL2 is concordant in gene up-regulation and loci accessibility. Using a novel in vitro human BM mimetic, we show that blood ASCs undergo similar morphological and molecular changes that resemble ex vivo BM LLPCs. Overall, our study demonstrates that early-minted blood ASCs in the BM microniche must undergo morphological, transcriptional, and epigenetic changes to mature into apoptotic-resistant LLPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chester J Joyner
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ariel M Ley
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Doan C Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alessia Corrado
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher Tipton
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tian Mi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew C Woodruff
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer Hom
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeremy M Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Meixue Duan
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Greg Gibson
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Danielle Roberts
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel Andrews
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Inaki Sanz
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - F Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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18
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Bitencourt J, Peralta-Álvarez MP, Wilkie M, Jacobs A, Wright D, Salman Almujri S, Li S, Harris SA, Smith SG, Elias SC, White AD, Satti I, Sharpe SS, O’Shea MK, McShane H, Tanner R. Induction of Functional Specific Antibodies, IgG-Secreting Plasmablasts and Memory B Cells Following BCG Vaccination. Front Immunol 2022; 12:798207. [PMID: 35069580 PMCID: PMC8767055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem and the only currently-licensed vaccine, BCG, is inadequate. Many TB vaccine candidates are designed to be given as a boost to BCG; an understanding of the BCG-induced immune response is therefore critical, and the opportunity to relate this to circumstances where BCG does confer protection may direct the design of more efficacious vaccines. While the T cell response to BCG vaccination has been well-characterized, there is a paucity of literature on the humoral response. We demonstrate BCG vaccine-mediated induction of specific antibodies in different human populations and macaque species which represent important preclinical models for TB vaccine development. We observe a strong correlation between antibody titers in serum versus plasma with modestly higher titers in serum. We also report for the first time the rapid and transient induction of antibody-secreting plasmablasts following BCG vaccination, together with a robust and durable memory B cell response in humans. Finally, we demonstrate a functional role for BCG vaccine-induced specific antibodies in opsonizing mycobacteria and enhancing macrophage phagocytosis in vitro, which may contribute to the BCG vaccine-mediated control of mycobacterial growth observed. Taken together, our findings indicate that the humoral immune response in the context of BCG vaccination merits further attention to determine whether TB vaccine candidates could benefit from the induction of humoral as well as cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bitencourt
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM/Fiocruz), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Morven Wilkie
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Jacobs
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Daniel Wright
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Salem Salman Almujri
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shuailin Li
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie A. Harris
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Steven G. Smith
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Biosciences, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sean C. Elias
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. White
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Iman Satti
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sally S. Sharpe
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew K. O’Shea
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen McShane
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Tanner
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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19
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Kyu S, Ramonell RP, Kuruvilla M, Kraft CS, Wang YF, Falsey AR, Walsh EE, Daiss JL, Paulos S, Rajam G, Wu H, Velusamy S, Lee FEH. Diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection using circulating antibody secreting cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259644. [PMID: 34767590 PMCID: PMC8589192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus pneumoniae infections cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. A rapid, simple diagnostic method could reduce the time needed to introduce definitive therapy potentially improving patient outcomes. METHODS We introduce two new methods for diagnosing S. pneumoniae infections by measuring the presence of newly activated, pathogen-specific, circulating Antibody Secreting Cells (ASC). First, ASC were detected by ELISpot assays that measure cells secreting antibodies specific for signature antigens. Second, the antibodies secreted by isolated ASC were collected in vitro in a novel matrix, MENSA (media enriched with newly synthesized antibodies) and antibodies against S. pneumoniae antigens were measured using Luminex immunoassays. Each assay was evaluated using blood from S. pneumoniae and non-S. pneumoniae-infected adult patients. RESULTS We enrolled 23 patients with culture-confirmed S. pneumoniae infections and 24 controls consisting of 12 non-S. pneumoniae infections, 10 healthy donors and two colonized with S. pneumoniae. By ELISpot assays, twenty-one of 23 infected patients were positive, and all 24 controls were negative. Using MENSA samples, four of five S. pneumoniae-infected patients were positive by Luminex immunoassays while all five non-S. pneumoniae-infected patients were negative. CONCLUSION Specific antibodies produced by activated ASC may provide a simple diagnostic for ongoing S. pneumoniae infections. This method has the potential to diagnose acute bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Kyu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Richard P. Ramonell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Merin Kuruvilla
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Colleen S. Kraft
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yun F. Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ann R. Falsey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Edward E. Walsh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - John L. Daiss
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research and Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- MicroB-plex, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Simon Paulos
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | | | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Srinivasan Velusamy
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - F. Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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20
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Klose AM, Daiss JL, Ho L, Beck CA, Striemer CC, Muthukrishnan G, Miller BL. StaphAIR: A Label-Free Antigen Microarray Approach to Detecting Anti- Staphylococcus aureus Antibody Responses in Orthopedic Infections. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13580-13588. [PMID: 34596381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Arrayed imaging reflectometry (AIR) is an optical biosensor platform for simple, multiplex measurement of antigen-specific antibody responses in patient blood samples. Here, we report the development of StaphAIR, an 8-plex Staphylococcus aureus antigen array on the AIR platform for profiling antigen-specific anti-S. aureus humoral immune responses. Initial validation experiments with mouse and humanized monoclonal antibodies against the S. aureus autolysin glucosaminidase (Gmd) domain, and subsequent testing with dilution series of pooled positive human serum confirmed analytically robust behavior of the array, with all antigens displaying Langmuir-type dose-response curves. Testing a cohort of 82 patients with S. aureus musculoskeletal infections (MSKI) and 30 healthy individuals enabled discrimination of individual patient responses to different S. aureus antigens, with statistical significance between osteomyelitis patients and controls obtained overall for four individual antigens (IsdA, IsdB, Gmd, and SCIN). Multivariate analyses of the antibody titers obtained from StaphAIR revealed its utility as a potential diagnostic tool for detecting S. aureus MSKI (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) > 0.85). We conclude that StaphAIR has utility as a high-throughput immunoassay for studying and diagnosing osteomyelitis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna M Klose
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - John L Daiss
- Department of Orthopaedics, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Lananh Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Christopher A Beck
- Department of Orthopaedics, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | | | - Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Benjamin L Miller
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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21
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Corrado A, Ramonell RP, Woodruff MC, Tipton C, Wise S, Levy J, DelGaudio J, Kuruvilla ME, Magliocca KR, Tomar D, Garimalla S, Scharer CD, Boss JM, Wu H, Gumber S, Fucile C, Gibson G, Rosenberg A, Sanz I, Lee FEH. Extrafollicular IgD+ B cells generate IgE antibody secreting cells in the nasal mucosa. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1144-1159. [PMID: 34050324 PMCID: PMC8160425 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Increased IgE is a typical feature of allergic rhinitis. Local class-switch recombination has been intimated but B cell precursors and mechanisms remain elusive. Here we describe the dynamics underlying the generation of IgE-antibody secreting cells (ASC) in human nasal polyps (NP), mucosal tissues rich in ASC without germinal centers (GC). Using VH next generation sequencing, we identified an extrafollicular (EF) mucosal IgD+ naïve-like intermediate B cell population with high connectivity to the mucosal IgE ASC. Mucosal IgD+ B cells, express germline epsilon transcripts and predominantly co-express IgM. However, a small but significant fraction co-express IgG or IgA instead which also show connectivity to ASC IgE. Phenotypically, NP IgD+ B cells display an activated profile and molecular evidence of BCR engagement. Transcriptionally, mucosal IgD+ B cells reveal an intermediate profile between naïve B cells and ASC. Single cell IgE ASC analysis demonstrates lower mutational frequencies relative to IgG, IgA, and IgD ASC consistent with IgE ASC derivation from mucosal IgD+ B cell with low mutational load. In conclusion, we describe a novel mechanism of GC-independent, extrafollicular IgE ASC formation at the nasal mucosa whereby activated IgD+ naïve B cells locally undergo direct and indirect (through IgG and IgA), IgE class switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Corrado
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard P Ramonell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew C Woodruff
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher Tipton
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Wise
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joshua Levy
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John DelGaudio
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Merin E Kuruvilla
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kelly R Magliocca
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deepak Tomar
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Swetha Garimalla
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jeremy M Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sanjeev Gumber
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chris Fucile
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Informatics Institute, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Greg Gibson
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexander Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Informatics Institute, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Iñaki Sanz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - F Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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22
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Ramirez K, Kyu S, Nguyen D, Han SY, Lee YL, Bradley J, Randall T, Sanz I, Lee FEH, Sulchek T. Heterofunctional Particles as Single Cell Sensors to Capture Secreted Immunoglobulins and Isolate Antigen-Specific Antibody Secreting Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001947. [PMID: 34160143 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Isolating cells based on their secreted proteins remain a challenge. The authors demonstrate a capacity for high throughput single-cell protein secretion analysis and isolation based on heterofunctional particles combined with fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). The workflow shows that antibody secreting cells (ASCs) specific for the H1 protein from influenza virus can be isolated from B cells. The workflow consists of incubating anti-CD27 particles with the ASCs, capturing locally secreted immunoglobulins with Protein G on the particles, and identifying immunoglobulins specific to H1 via fluorescent labeled antigens followed by FACS to enrich antigen-specific ASCs. Two particles designs, Janus and mixed, are tested with hybridoma cells. Mixed particles are found to improve antibody collection, while Janus particles are found to bind target cells more effectively. Targeted hybridoma cells in coculture with non-specific hybridoma cells are identified with a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 98%. Heterofunctional particles are used to capture ASCs that secrete antibodies specific for influenza virus from B cells from healthy adults isolated from blood after vaccination. Positive H1-tetramer sorted ASCs are validated using single ASC cultures and identify 23/56 cells specific for H1 demonstrating 164-fold enrichment from total B cells and 14.6-fold enrichment from total ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katily Ramirez
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Shuya Kyu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Doan Nguyen
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - So-Yun Han
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Ye Lim Lee
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - John Bradley
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Troy Randall
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Frances Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Todd Sulchek
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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23
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BOCCALINI SARA, PARIANI ELENA, CALABRÒ GIOVANNAELISA, DE WAURE CHIARA, PANATTO DONATELLA, AMICIZIA DANIELA, LAI PIEROLUIGI, RIZZO CATERINA, AMODIO EMANUELE, VITALE FRANCESCO, CASUCCIO ALESSANDRA, DI PIETRO MARIALUISA, GALLI CRISTINA, BUBBA LAURA, PELLEGRINELLI LAURA, VILLANI LEONARDO, D’AMBROSIO FLORIANA, CAMINITI MARTA, LORENZINI ELISA, FIORETTI PAOLA, MICALE ROSANNATINDARA, FRUMENTO DAVIDE, CANTOVA ELISA, PARENTE FLAVIO, TRENTO GIACOMO, SOTTILE SARA, PUGLIESE ANDREA, BIAMONTE MASSIMILIANOALBERTO, GIORGETTI DUCCIO, MENICACCI MARCO, D’ANNA ANTONIO, AMMOSCATO CLAUDIA, LA GATTA EMANUELE, BECHINI ANGELA, BONANNI PAOLO. [Health Technology Assessment (HTA) of the introduction of influenza vaccination for Italian children with Fluenz Tetra ®]. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2021; 62:E1-E118. [PMID: 34909481 PMCID: PMC8639053 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2021.62.2s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SARA BOCCALINI
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
- Autore corrispondente: Sara Boccalini, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italia - Tel.: 055-2751084 - E-mail:
| | - ELENA PARIANI
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italia
- Centro Interuniversitario per la Ricerca sull'Influenza e le altre Infezioni Trasmissibili CIRI-IT, Italia
| | - GIOVANNA ELISA CALABRÒ
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
- VIHTALI (Value In Health Technology and Academy for Leadership & Innovation), spin off dell’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - CHIARA DE WAURE
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italia
| | - DONATELLA PANATTO
- Centro Interuniversitario per la Ricerca sull'Influenza e le altre Infezioni Trasmissibili CIRI-IT, Italia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia
| | - DANIELA AMICIZIA
- Centro Interuniversitario per la Ricerca sull'Influenza e le altre Infezioni Trasmissibili CIRI-IT, Italia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia
| | - PIERO LUIGI LAI
- Centro Interuniversitario per la Ricerca sull'Influenza e le altre Infezioni Trasmissibili CIRI-IT, Italia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia
| | - CATERINA RIZZO
- Area Funzionale Percorsi Clinici ed Epidemiologia, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - EMANUELE AMODIO
- Dipartimento Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D'Alessandro”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italia
| | - FRANCESCO VITALE
- Dipartimento Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D'Alessandro”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italia
| | - ALESSANDRA CASUCCIO
- Dipartimento Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D'Alessandro”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italia
| | - MARIA LUISA DI PIETRO
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - CRISTINA GALLI
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italia
| | - LAURA BUBBA
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italia
| | - LAURA PELLEGRINELLI
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italia
| | - LEONARDO VILLANI
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - FLORIANA D’AMBROSIO
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - MARTA CAMINITI
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italia
| | - ELISA LORENZINI
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italia
| | - PAOLA FIORETTI
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italia
| | | | - DAVIDE FRUMENTO
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia
| | - ELISA CANTOVA
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia
| | - FLAVIO PARENTE
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia
| | - GIACOMO TRENTO
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia
| | - SARA SOTTILE
- Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italia
| | | | | | - DUCCIO GIORGETTI
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
| | - MARCO MENICACCI
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
| | - ANTONIO D’ANNA
- Dipartimento Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D'Alessandro”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italia
| | - CLAUDIA AMMOSCATO
- Dipartimento Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D'Alessandro”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italia
| | - EMANUELE LA GATTA
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - ANGELA BECHINI
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
| | - PAOLO BONANNI
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
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24
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Haddad NS, Nozick S, Kim G, Ohanian S, Kraft C, Rebolledo PA, Wang Y, Wu H, Bressler A, Le SNT, Kuruvilla M, Cannon LE, Lee FEH, Daiss JL. Novel immunoassay for diagnosis of ongoing Clostridioides difficile infections using serum and medium enriched for newly synthesized antibodies (MENSA). J Immunol Methods 2021; 492:112932. [PMID: 33221459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) have been a challenging and increasingly serious concern in recent years. While early and accurate diagnosis is crucial, available assays have frustrating limitations. OBJECTIVE Develop a simple, blood-based immunoassay to accurately diagnose patients suffering from active CDI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Uninfected controls (N = 95) and CDI patients (N = 167) were recruited from Atlanta area hospitals. Blood samples were collected from patients within twelve days of a positive CDI test and processed to yield serum and PBMCs cultured to yield medium enriched for newly synthesized antibodies (MENSA). Multiplex immunoassays measured Ig responses to ten recombinant C. difficile antigens. RESULTS Sixty-six percent of CDI patients produced measurable responses to C. difficile antigens in their serum or MENSA within twelve days of a positive CDI test. Fifty-two of the 167 CDI patients (31%) were detectable in both serum and MENSA, but 32/167 (19%) were detectable only in MENSA, and 27/167 (16%) were detectable only in serum. DISCUSSION We describe the results of a multiplex immunoassay for the diagnosis of ongoing CDI in hospitalized patients. Our assay resolved patients into four categories: MENSA-positive only, serum-positive only, MENSA- and serum-positive, and MENSA- and serum-negative. The 30% of patients who were MENSA-positive only may be accounted for by nascent antibody secretion prior to seroconversion. Conversely, the serum-positive only subset may have been more advanced in their disease course. Immunocompromise and misdiagnosis may have contributed to the 34% of CDI patients who were not identified using MENSA or serum immunoassays. IMPORTANCE While there was considerable overlap between patients identified through MENSA and serum, each method detected a distinctive patient group. The combined use of both MENSA and serum to detect CDI patients resulted in the greatest identification of CDI patients. Together, longitudinal analysis of MENSA and serum will provide a more accurate evaluation of successful host humoral immune responses in CDI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Colleen Kraft
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paulina A Rebolledo
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adam Bressler
- Infectious Disease Specialists of Atlanta, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Sang Nguyet Thi Le
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Merin Kuruvilla
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - F Eun-Hyung Lee
- MicroB-plex, Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA; Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John L Daiss
- MicroB-plex, Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Orthopedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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25
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Liao K, Chen K, Brett S, Gehman A, Schwartz AM, Gunn GR, DeWall SL. Characterization of the robust humoral immune response to GSK2618960, a humanized anti-IL-7 receptor monoclonal antibody, observed in healthy subjects in a Phase 1 study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249049. [PMID: 33755713 PMCID: PMC7987154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) signaling modulates T cell activity and is implicated in numerous autoimmune diseases. An anti-IL-7 receptor monoclonal antibody (GSK2618960) biotherapeutic was evaluated in healthy subjects for safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and immunogenicity in a single-dose escalation phase I study. We found that antibodies against GSK2618960 (i.e., anti-drug antibodies or ADA) developed in 83% and 100% of GSK2618960-treated subjects in the 0.6 and 2.0 mg/kg dose cohorts, respectively. Of the ADA positive subjects, 64% (7 of 11) had detectable neutralizing activity. Further investigation revealed the presence of GSK2618960-specific memory B cells, indicating the development of immunological memory for the ADAs. Ex vivo stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples demonstrated a relatively strong CD4+ T cell proliferation response to GSK2618960 as compared to the control anti-RSV antibody (which is known to have only low immunogenic potential), confirming the high immunogenic potential of GSK2618960. Furthermore, GSK2618960 was found to bind in vitro monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). GSK2618960 treatment of PBMCs increased the proportion of DC cells showing an increase in expression of CD83, CD86 and CD209, which indicated enhanced DC differentiation and activation relative to the isotype control anti-β amyloid antibody. Collectively, the evidence supports that the high incidence of observed clinical immunogenicity was likely related to the receptor-mediated activity by GSK2618960.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Liao
- Immunogenicity Group, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Keguan Chen
- Immunogenicity Group, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sara Brett
- Oncology Cell Therapy, Oncology R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Gehman
- Research Statistics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ann M Schwartz
- Immunogenicity Group, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - George R Gunn
- Immunogenicity Group, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stephen L DeWall
- Immunogenicity Group, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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26
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Hao SP, Masters EA, Ninomiya MJ, Beck CA, Schwarz EM, Daiss JL, Oh I. Species-Specific Immunoassay Aids Identification of Pathogen and Tracks Infectivity in Foot Infection. Foot Ankle Int 2021; 42:363-372. [PMID: 33161780 PMCID: PMC7946706 DOI: 10.1177/1071100720965136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional bacterial cultures frequently fail to identify the dominant pathogen in polymicrobial foot infections, in which Staphylococcus aureus is the most common infecting pathogen. Previous work has shown that species-specific immunoassays may be able to identify the main pathogen in musculoskeletal infections. We sought to investigate the clinical applicability of a S. aureus immunoassay to accurately identify the infecting pathogen and monitor its infectivity longitudinally in foot infection. We hypothesized that this species-specific immunoassay could aid in the diagnosis of S. aureus and track the therapeutic response in foot infections. METHODS From July 2015 to July 2019, 83 infected foot ulcer patients undergoing surgical intervention (debridement or amputation) were recruited and blood was drawn at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Whole blood was analyzed for S. aureus-specific serum antibodies (mix of historic and new antibodies) and plasmablasts were isolated and cultured to quantify titers of newly synthesized antibodies (NSAs). Anti-S. aureus antibody titers were compared with culture results to assess their concordance in identifying S. aureus as the pathogen. The NSA titer changes at follow-ups were compared with wound healing status to evaluate concordance between evolving host immune response and clinically resolving or relapsing infection. RESULTS Analysis of serum for anti-S. aureus antibodies showed significantly increased titers of 3 different anti-S. aureus antibodies, IsdH (P = .037), ClfB (P = .025), and SCIN (P = .005), in S. aureus culture-positive patients compared with culture-negative patients. Comparative analysis of combining antigens for S. aureus infection diagnosis increased the concordance further. During follow-up, changes of NSA titers against a single or combination of S. aureus antigens significantly correlated with clinically resolving or recurring infection represented by wound healing status. CONCLUSION In the management of foot infection, the use of S. aureus-specific immunoassay may aid in diagnosis of the dominant pathogen and monitoring of the host immune response against a specific pathogen in response to treatment. Importantly, this immunoassay could detect recurrent foot infection, which may guide a surgeon's decision to intervene. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, prospective comparative study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P. Hao
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Elysia A. Masters
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mark J. Ninomiya
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Christopher A. Beck
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Edward M. Schwarz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - John L. Daiss
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Irvin Oh
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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27
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Byazrova M, Yusubalieva G, Spiridonova A, Efimov G, Mazurov D, Baranov K, Baklaushev V, Filatov A. Pattern of circulating SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody-secreting and memory B-cell generation in patients with acute COVID-19. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1245. [PMID: 33552508 PMCID: PMC7848539 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To predict the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19), information regarding the immunological memory for disease‐specific antigens is necessary. The possibility of reinfection, as well as the efficacy of vaccines for COVID‐19 that are currently under development, will largely depend on the quality and longevity of immunological memory in patients. To elucidate the process of humoral immunity development, we analysed the generation of plasmablasts and virus receptor‐binding domain (RBD)‐specific memory B (Bmem) cells in patients during the acute phase of COVID‐19. Methods The frequencies of RBD‐binding plasmablasts and RBD‐specific antibody‐secreting cells (ASCs) in the peripheral blood samples collected from patients with COVID‐19 were measured using flow cytometry and the ELISpot assay. Results The acute phase of COVID‐19 was characterised by the transient appearance of total as well as RBD‐binding plasmablasts. ELISpot analysis indicated that most patients exhibited a spontaneous secretion of RBD‐specific ASCs in the circulation with good correlation between the IgG and IgM subsets. IL‐21/CD40L stimulation of purified B cells induced the activation and proliferation of Bmem cells, which led to the generation of plasmablast phenotypic cells as well as RBD‐specific ASCs. No correlation was observed between the frequency of Bmem cell‐derived and spontaneous ASCs, suggesting that the two types of ASCs were weakly associated with each other. Conclusion Our findings reveal that SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific Bmem cells are generated during the acute phase of COVID‐19. These findings can serve as a basis for further studies on the longevity of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific B‐cell memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Byazrova
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia Moscow Russia.,Department of Immunology Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Gaukhar Yusubalieva
- Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the FMBA of Russia Moscow Russia
| | - Anna Spiridonova
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia Moscow Russia
| | | | - Dmitriy Mazurov
- Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine Moscow Russia
| | - Konstantin Baranov
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS Lomonosov Moscow State University Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Vladimir Baklaushev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the FMBA of Russia Moscow Russia
| | - Alexander Filatov
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia Moscow Russia.,Department of Immunology Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
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28
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Ruschil C, Gabernet G, Lepennetier G, Heumos S, Kaminski M, Hracsko Z, Irmler M, Beckers J, Ziemann U, Nahnsen S, Owens GP, Bennett JL, Hemmer B, Kowarik MC. Specific Induction of Double Negative B Cells During Protective and Pathogenic Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:606338. [PMID: 33391273 PMCID: PMC7775384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Double negative (DN) (CD19+CD20lowCD27-IgD-) B cells are expanded in patients with autoimmune and infectious diseases; however their role in the humoral immune response remains unclear. Using systematic flow cytometric analyses of peripheral blood B cell subsets, we observed an inflated DN B cell population in patients with variety of active inflammatory conditions: myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, meningitis/encephalitis, and rheumatic disorders. Furthermore, we were able to induce DN B cells in healthy subjects following vaccination against influenza and tick borne encephalitis virus. Transcriptome analysis revealed a gene expression profile in DN B cells that clustered with naïve B cells, memory B cells, and plasmablasts. Immunoglobulin VH transcriptome sequencing and analysis of recombinant antibodies revealed clonal expansion of DN B cells that were targeted against the vaccine antigen. Our study suggests that DN B cells are expanded in multiple inflammatory neurologic diseases and represent an inducible B cell population that responds to antigenic stimulation, possibly through an extra-follicular maturation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Ruschil
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gisela Gabernet
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gildas Lepennetier
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Heumos
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Miriam Kaminski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zsuzsanna Hracsko
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sven Nahnsen
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gregory P. Owens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jeffrey L. Bennett
- Department of Neurology, Programs in Neuroscience and Immunology University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Programs in Neuroscience and Immunology University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Markus C. Kowarik
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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29
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Zarletti G, Tiberi M, De Molfetta V, Bossù M, Toppi E, Bossù P, Scapigliati G. A Cell-Based ELISA to Improve the Serological Analysis of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111274. [PMID: 33171590 PMCID: PMC7695166 DOI: 10.3390/v12111274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the antibody-mediated immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is crucial to understand virus immunogenicity, establish seroprevalence, and determine whether subjects or recovered patients are at risk for infection/reinfection and would therefore benefit from vaccination. Here, we describe a novel and simple cell-ELISA specifically designed to measure viral spike S1-specific IgG produced in vitro by B cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures from a cohort of 45 asymptomatic (n = 24) and symptomatic (n = 21) individuals, with age ranging from 8 to 99 years. All subjects underwent ELISA serological screening twice, at the same time as the cell-ELISA (T2) as well as 35–60 days earlier (T1). Cryopreserved PBMCs of healthy donors obtained years before the COVID-19 pandemic were also included in the analysis. The preliminary results presented here show that out of 45 tested subjects, 16 individuals (35.5%) were positive to the cell-ELISA, 11 (24.5%) were concomitantly positive in the serological screening (T1 and/or T2), and only one person was exclusively positive in ELISA (T1) and negative in cell-ELISA, though values were close to the cutoff. Of note, five individuals (11.2%) tested negative in ELISA but positive in cell-ELISA and thus, they appear to have circulating B cells that produce antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, likely at levels that are undetectable in the serum, which challenges the negative results of the serological screening. The relative level of in vitro secreted IgG was measurable in positive subjects, ranging from 7 to 50 ng/well. Accordingly, all anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody-positive subjects previously reported moderate to severe symptoms attributable to COVID-19, even though the RT-PCR data were rarely available to confirm viral infection. Overall, the described cell-ELISA might be an effective method for detecting subjects who encountered the virus in the past, and thus helpful to improve serological ELISA tests in the case of undetectable/equivocal circulating IgG levels, and a suitable and improved tool to better evaluate SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immunity in the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpaolo Zarletti
- Dipartimento per l’Innovazione Biologica, Agroalimentare e Forestale, Università della Tuscia, 01000 Viterbo, Italy; (G.Z.); (M.T.); (V.D.M.)
| | - Massimo Tiberi
- Dipartimento per l’Innovazione Biologica, Agroalimentare e Forestale, Università della Tuscia, 01000 Viterbo, Italy; (G.Z.); (M.T.); (V.D.M.)
| | - Veronica De Molfetta
- Dipartimento per l’Innovazione Biologica, Agroalimentare e Forestale, Università della Tuscia, 01000 Viterbo, Italy; (G.Z.); (M.T.); (V.D.M.)
| | - Maurizio Bossù
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Science, “Sapienza” University, 00146 Roma, Italy;
| | - Elisa Toppi
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Experimental Neuropsychobiology Lab, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Roma, Italy; (E.T.); (P.B.)
| | - Paola Bossù
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Experimental Neuropsychobiology Lab, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Roma, Italy; (E.T.); (P.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Scapigliati
- Dipartimento per l’Innovazione Biologica, Agroalimentare e Forestale, Università della Tuscia, 01000 Viterbo, Italy; (G.Z.); (M.T.); (V.D.M.)
- Correspondence:
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30
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Knight M, Changrob S, Li L, Wilson PC. Imprinting, immunodominance, and other impediments to generating broad influenza immunity. Immunol Rev 2020; 296:191-204. [PMID: 32666572 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural influenza virus infections and seasonal vaccinations often do not confer broadly neutralizing immunity across diverse influenza strains. In addition, the virus is capable of rapid antigenic drift in order to evade pre-existing immunity. The surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin, and neuraminidase can easily mutate their immunodominant epitopes without impacting fitness. Skewing human antibody repertoires to target more conserved epitopes is thus an expanding area of research: Many groups are attempting to produce universal influenza vaccines that can protect across a wide variety of strains. Achieving this goal will require a detailed understanding of how infection history impacts humoral responses. It will also require the ability to manipulate or enhance B cell selection in order to expand clones that can recognize subdominant but protective epitopes. In this review, we will discuss what immune imprinting means to immunologists and describe efforts to overcome or silence imprinting in order to improve vaccination efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Knight
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Siriruk Changrob
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patrick C Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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31
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Basu M, Piepenbrink MS, Francois C, Roche F, Zheng B, Spencer DA, Hessell AJ, Fucile CF, Rosenberg AF, Bunce CA, Liesveld J, Keefer MC, Kobie JJ. Persistence of HIV-1 Env-Specific Plasmablast Lineages in Plasma Cells after Vaccination in Humans. Cell Rep Med 2020; 1:100015. [PMID: 32577626 PMCID: PMC7311075 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Induction of persistent HIV-1 Envelope (Env) specific antibody (Ab) is a primary goal of HIV vaccine strategies; however, it is unclear whether HIV Env immunization in humans induces bone marrow plasma cells, the presumed source of long-lived systemic Ab. To define the features of Env-specific plasma cells after vaccination, samples were obtained from HVTN 105, a phase I trial testing the same gp120 protein immunogen, AIDSVAX B/E, used in RV144, along with a DNA immunogen in various prime and boost strategies. Boosting regimens that included AIDSVAX B/E induced robust peripheral blood plasmablast responses. The Env-specific immunoglobulin repertoire of the plasmablasts is dominated by VH1 gene usage and targeting of the V3 region. Numerous plasmablast-derived immunoglobulin lineages persisted in the bone marrow >8 months after immunization, including in the CD138+ long-lived plasma cell compartment. These findings identify a cellular linkage for the development of sustained Env-specific Abs following vaccination in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhubanti Basu
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bo Zheng
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - David A. Spencer
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Ann J. Hessell
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | | | | | - Catherine A. Bunce
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jane Liesveld
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michael C. Keefer
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - James J. Kobie
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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32
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Tanno H, McDaniel JR, Stevens CA, Voss WN, Li J, Durrett R, Lee J, Gollihar J, Tanno Y, Delidakis G, Pothukuchy A, Ellefson JW, Goronzy JJ, Maynard JA, Ellington AD, Ippolito GC, Georgiou G. A facile technology for the high-throughput sequencing of the paired VH:VL and TCRβ:TCRα repertoires. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay9093. [PMID: 32426460 PMCID: PMC7176429 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay9093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Natively paired sequencing (NPS) of B cell receptors [variable heavy (VH) and light (VL)] and T cell receptors (TCRb and TCRa) is essential for the understanding of adaptive immunity in health and disease. Despite many recent technical advances, determining the VH:VL or TCRb:a repertoire with high accuracy and throughput remains challenging. We discovered that the recently engineered xenopolymerase, RTX, is exceptionally resistant to cell lysate inhibition in single-cell emulsion droplets. We capitalized on the characteristics of this enzyme to develop a simple, rapid, and inexpensive in-droplet overlap extension reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method for NPS not requiring microfluidics or other specialized equipment. Using this technique, we obtained high yields (5000 to >20,000 per sample) of paired VH:VL or TCRb:a clonotypes at low cost. As a demonstration, we performed NPS on peripheral blood plasmablasts and T follicular helper cells following seasonal influenza vaccination and discovered high-affinity influenza-specific antibodies and TCRb:a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Tanno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan R. McDaniel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - William N. Voss
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Russell Durrett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Jimmy Gollihar
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory South, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yuri Tanno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - George Delidakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Arti Pothukuchy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jared W. Ellefson
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jörg J. Goronzy
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Maynard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Andrew D. Ellington
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Gregory C. Ippolito
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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33
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A model for establishment, maintenance and reactivation of the immune response after vaccination against Ebola virus. J Theor Biol 2020; 495:110254. [PMID: 32205143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The 2014-2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa has triggered accelerated development of several preventive vaccines against Ebola virus. Under the EBOVAC1 consortium, three phase I studies were carried out to assess safety and immunogenicity of a two-dose heterologous vaccination regimen developed by Janssen Vaccines and Prevention in collaboration with Bavarian Nordic. To describe the immune response induced by the two-dose heterologous vaccine regimen, we propose a mechanistic ODE based model, which takes into account the role of immunological memory. We perform identifiability and sensitivity analysis of the proposed model to establish which kind of biological data are ideally needed in order to accurately estimate parameters, and additionally, which of those are non-identifiable based on the available data. Antibody concentrations data from phase I studies have been used to calibrate the model and show its ability in reproducing the observed antibody dynamics. Together with other factors, the establishment of an effective and reactive immunological memory is of pivotal importance for several prophylactic vaccines. We show that introducing a memory compartment in our calibrated model allows to evaluate the magnitude of the immune response induced by a booster dose and its long-term persistence afterwards.
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34
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Baseline Levels of Influenza-Specific B Cells and T Cell Responses Modulate Human Immune Responses to Swine Variant Influenza A/H3N2 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010126. [PMID: 32183105 PMCID: PMC7157591 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular immune responses elicited by an investigational vaccine against an emergent variant of influenza (H3N2v) are not fully understood. Twenty-five subjects, enrolled in an investigational influenza A/H3N2v vaccine study, who received two doses of vaccine 21 days apart, were included in a sub-study of cellular immune responses. H3N2v-specific plasmablasts were determined by ELISpot 8 days after each vaccine dose and H3N2v specific CD4+ T cells were quantified by intracellular cytokine and CD154 (CD40 ligand) staining before vaccination, 8 and 21 days after each vaccine dose. Results: 95% (19/20) and 96% (24/25) subjects had pre-existing H3N2v specific memory B, and T cell responses, respectively. Plasmablast responses at Day 8 after the first vaccine administration were detected against contemporary H3N2 strains and correlated with hemagglutination inhibition HAI (IgG: p = 0.018; IgA: p < 0.001) and Neut (IgG: p = 0.038; IgA: p = 0.021) titers and with memory B cell frequency at baseline (IgA: r = 0.76, p < 0.001; IgG: r = 0.74, p = 0.0001). The CD4+ T cells at Days 8 and 21 expanded after prime vaccination and this expansion correlated strongly with early post-vaccination HAI and Neut titers (p ≤ 0.002). In an adult population, the rapid serological response observed after initial H3N2v vaccination correlates with post-vaccination plasmablasts and CD4+ T cell responses.
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35
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Nelson AN, Lin WHW, Shivakoti R, Putnam NE, Mangus L, Adams RJ, Hauer D, Baxter VK, Griffin DE. Association of persistent wild-type measles virus RNA with long-term humoral immunity in rhesus macaques. JCI Insight 2020; 5:134992. [PMID: 31935196 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recovery from measles results in life-long protective immunity. To understand induction of long-term immunity, rhesus macaques were studied for 6 months after infection with wild-type measles virus (MeV). Infection caused viremia and rash, with clearance of infectious virus by day 14. MeV RNA persisted in PBMCs for 30-90 days and in lymphoid tissue for 6 months most often in B cells but was rarely detected in BM. Antibody with neutralizing activity and binding specificity for MeV nucleocapsid (N), hemagglutinin (H), and fusion proteins appeared with the rash and avidity matured over 3-4 months. Lymph nodes had increasing numbers of MeV-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) and germinal centers with late hyalinization. ASCs appeared in circulation with the rash and continued to appear along with peripheral T follicular helper cells for the study duration. ASCs in lymph nodes and PBMCs produced antibody against both H and N, with more H-specific ASCs in BM. During days 14-21, 20- to 100-fold more total ASCs than MeV-specific ASCs appeared in circulation, suggesting mobilization of preexisting ASCs. Therefore, persistence of MeV RNA in lymphoid tissue was accompanied by continued germinal center formation, ASC production, avidity maturation, and accumulation of H-specific ASCs in BM to sustain neutralizing antibody and protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Nelson
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wen-Hsuan W Lin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rupak Shivakoti
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicole E Putnam
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa Mangus
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert J Adams
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Debra Hauer
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria K Baxter
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Diane E Griffin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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36
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Koutsakos M, Wheatley AK, Loh L, Clemens EB, Sant S, Nüssing S, Fox A, Chung AW, Laurie KL, Hurt AC, Rockman S, Lappas M, Loudovaris T, Mannering SI, Westall GP, Elliot M, Tangye SG, Wakim LM, Kent SJ, Nguyen THO, Kedzierska K. Circulating T FH cells, serological memory, and tissue compartmentalization shape human influenza-specific B cell immunity. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/428/eaan8405. [PMID: 29444980 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan8405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunization with the inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) remains the most effective strategy to combat seasonal influenza infections. IIV activates B cells and T follicular helper (TFH) cells and thus engenders antibody-secreting cells and serum antibody titers. However, the cellular events preceding generation of protective immunity in humans are inadequately understood. We undertook an in-depth analysis of B cell and T cell immune responses to IIV in 35 healthy adults. Using recombinant hemagglutinin (rHA) probes to dissect the quantity, phenotype, and isotype of influenza-specific B cells against A/California09-H1N1, A/Switzerland-H3N2, and B/Phuket, we showed that vaccination induced a three-pronged B cell response comprising a transient CXCR5-CXCR3+ antibody-secreting B cell population, CD21hiCD27+ memory B cells, and CD21loCD27+ B cells. Activation of circulating TFH cells correlated with the development of both CD21lo and CD21hi memory B cells. However, preexisting antibodies could limit increases in serum antibody titers. IIV had no marked effect on CD8+, mucosal-associated invariant T, γδ T, and natural killer cell activation. In addition, vaccine-induced B cells were not maintained in peripheral blood at 1 year after vaccination. We provide a dissection of rHA-specific B cells across seven human tissue compartments, showing that influenza-specific memory (CD21hiCD27+) B cells primarily reside within secondary lymphoid tissues and the lungs. Our study suggests that a rational design of universal vaccines needs to consider circulating TFH cells, preexisting serological memory, and tissue compartmentalization for effective B cell immunity, as well as to improve targeting cellular T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Liyen Loh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - E Bridie Clemens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sneha Sant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Simone Nüssing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Annette Fox
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Karen L Laurie
- World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Aeron C Hurt
- World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Steve Rockman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Seqirus, 63 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Martha Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Thomas Loudovaris
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Stuart I Mannering
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Glen P Westall
- Lung Transplant Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Michael Elliot
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Cancer Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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37
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Nguyen DC, Joyner CJ, Sanz I, Lee FEH. Factors Affecting Early Antibody Secreting Cell Maturation Into Long-Lived Plasma Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2138. [PMID: 31572364 PMCID: PMC6749102 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody secreting cells (ASCs) are terminally differentiated cells of the humoral immune response and must adapt morphologically, transcriptionally, and metabolically to maintain high-rates of antibody (Ab) secretion. ASCs differentiate from activated B cells in lymph nodes and transiently circulate in the blood. Most of the circulating ASCs undergo apoptosis, but a small fraction of early ASCs migrate to the bone marrow (BM) and eventually mature into long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). LLPC survival is controlled both intrinsically and extrinsically. Their differentiation and maintenance programs are governed by many intrinsic mechanisms involving anti-apoptosis, autophagy, and metabolism. The extrinsic factors involved in LLPC generation include BM stromal cells, cytokines, and chemokines, such as APRIL, IL-6, and CXCL12. In humans, the BM CD19−CD38hiCD138+ ASC subset is the main repository of LLPCs, and our recent development of an in vitro BM mimic provides essential tools to study environmental cues that support LLPC survival and the critical molecular mechanisms of maturation from early minted blood ASCs to LLPCs. In this review, we summarize the evidence of LLPC generation and maintenance and provide novel paradigms of LLPC maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan C Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chester J Joyner
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Iñaki Sanz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - F Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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38
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Hay JA, Laurie K, White M, Riley S. Characterising antibody kinetics from multiple influenza infection and vaccination events in ferrets. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007294. [PMID: 31425503 PMCID: PMC6715255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The strength and breadth of an individual's antibody repertoire is an important predictor of their response to influenza infection or vaccination. Although progress has been made in understanding qualitatively how repeated exposures shape the antibody mediated immune response, quantitative understanding remains limited. We developed a set of mathematical models describing short-term antibody kinetics following influenza infection or vaccination and fit them to haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres from 5 groups of ferrets which were exposed to different combinations of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV with or without adjuvant), A/H3N2 priming inoculation and post-vaccination A/H1N1 inoculation. We fit models with various immunological mechanisms that have been empirically observed but have not previously been included in mathematical models of antibody landscapes, including: titre ceiling effects, antigenic seniority and exposure-type specific cross reactivity. Based on the parameter estimates of the best supported models, we describe a number of key immunological features. We found quantifiable differences in the degree of homologous and cross-reactive antibody boosting elicited by different exposure types. Infection and adjuvanted vaccination generally resulted in strong, broadly reactive responses whereas unadjuvanted vaccination resulted in a weak, narrow response. We found that the order of exposure mattered: priming with A/H3N2 improved subsequent vaccine response, and the second dose of adjuvanted vaccination resulted in substantially greater antibody boosting than the first. Either antigenic seniority or a titre ceiling effect were included in the two best fitting models, suggesting a role for a mechanism describing diminishing antibody boosting with repeated exposures. Although there was considerable uncertainty in our estimates of antibody waning parameters, our results suggest that both short and long term waning were present and would be identifiable with a larger set of experiments. These results highlight the potential use of repeat exposure animal models in revealing short-term, strain-specific immune dynamics of influenza.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Computational Biology
- Cross Reactions
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ferrets/immunology
- Humans
- Immunization, Secondary
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Kinetics
- Models, Immunological
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Hay
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Laurie
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Seqirus, 63 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael White
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Steven Riley
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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39
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Garimalla S, Nguyen DC, Halliley JL, Tipton C, Rosenberg AF, Fucile CF, Saney CL, Kyu S, Kaminski D, Qian Y, Scheuermann RH, Gibson G, Sanz I, Lee FEH. Differential transcriptome and development of human peripheral plasma cell subsets. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126732. [PMID: 31045577 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) triggered by immunization are globally recognized as CD19loCD38hiCD27hi. Yet, different vaccines give rise to antibody responses of different longevity, suggesting ASC populations are heterogeneous. We define circulating-ASC heterogeneity in vaccine responses using multicolor flow cytometry, morphology, VH repertoire, and RNA transcriptome analysis. We also tested differential survival using a human cell-free system that mimics the bone marrow (BM) microniche. In peripheral blood, we identified 3 CD19+ and 2 CD19- ASC subsets. All subsets contributed to the vaccine-specific responses and were characterized by in vivo proliferation and activation. The VH repertoire demonstrated strong oligoclonality with extensive interconnectivity among the 5 subsets and switched memory B cells. Transcriptome analysis showed separation of CD19+ and CD19- subsets that included pathways such as cell cycle, hypoxia, TNF-α, and unfolded protein response. They also demonstrated similar long-term in vitro survival after 48 days. In summary, vaccine-induced ASCs with different surface markers (CD19 and CD138) are derived from shared proliferative precursors yet express distinctive transcriptomes. Equal survival indicates that all ASC compartments are endowed with long-lived potential. Accordingly, in vivo survival of peripheral long-lived plasma cells may be determined in part by their homing and residence in the BM microniche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Garimalla
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, and
| | - Doan C Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Department of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Christopher Tipton
- Division of Rheumatology, Emory University, and.,Lowance Center for Human Immunology in the Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alexander F Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology and Informatics Institute, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Celia L Saney
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Department of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shuya Kyu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Department of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Yu Qian
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Greg Gibson
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, and
| | - Iñaki Sanz
- Division of Rheumatology, Emory University, and.,Lowance Center for Human Immunology in the Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - F Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Department of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Lowance Center for Human Immunology in the Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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40
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Gianchecchi E, Torelli A, Montomoli E. The use of cell-mediated immunity for the evaluation of influenza vaccines: an upcoming necessity. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:1021-1030. [PMID: 30614754 PMCID: PMC6605831 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1565269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza vaccines are a fundamental tool for preventing the disease and reducing its consequences, particularly in specific high-risk groups. In order to be licensed, influenza vaccines have to meet strict criteria established by European Medicines Agency. Although the licensure of influenza vaccines started 65 years ago, Hemagglutination Inhibition and Single Radial Hemolysis are the only serological assays that can ascertain correlates of protection. However, they present evident limitations. The present review focuses on the evaluation of cell-mediated immunity (CMI), which plays an important role in the host immune response in protecting against virus-related illness and in the establishment of long-term immunological memory. Although correlates of protection are not currently available for CMI, it would be advisable to investigate this kind of immunological response for the evaluation of next-generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Torelli
- a VisMederi srl , Siena , Italy.,b Department of Life Sciences , University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - E Montomoli
- a VisMederi srl , Siena , Italy.,c Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine , University of Siena , Siena , Italy
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41
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Lee J, Paparoditis P, Horton AP, Frühwirth A, McDaniel JR, Jung J, Boutz DR, Hussein DA, Tanno Y, Pappas L, Ippolito GC, Corti D, Lanzavecchia A, Georgiou G. Persistent Antibody Clonotypes Dominate the Serum Response to Influenza over Multiple Years and Repeated Vaccinations. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 25:367-376.e5. [PMID: 30795981 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Humans are repeatedly exposed to influenza virus via infections and vaccinations. Understanding how multiple exposures and pre-existing immunity impact antibody responses is essential for vaccine development. Given the recent prevalence of influenza H1N1 A/California/7/2009 (CA09), we examined the clonal composition and dynamics of CA09 hemagglutinin (HA)-reactive IgG repertoire over 5 years in a donor with multiple influenza exposures. The anti-CA09 HA polyclonal response in this donor comprised 24 persistent antibody clonotypes, accounting for 72.6% ± 10.0% of the anti-CA09 HA repertoire over 5 years. These persistent antibodies displayed higher somatic hypermutation relative to transient serum antibodies detected at one time point. Additionally, persistent antibodies predominantly demonstrated cross-reactivity and potent neutralization toward a phylogenetically distant H5N1 A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (VT04) strain, a feature correlated with HA stem recognition. This analysis reveals how "serological imprinting" impacts responses to influenza and suggests that once elicited, cross-reactive antibodies targeting the HA stem can persist for years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Philipp Paparoditis
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland; Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Andrew P Horton
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Alexander Frühwirth
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan R McDaniel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jiwon Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Daniel R Boutz
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Dania A Hussein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yuri Tanno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Leontios Pappas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Gregory C Ippolito
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | - Antonio Lanzavecchia
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland; Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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42
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Pezeshki A, Ovsyannikova IG, McKinney BA, Poland GA, Kennedy RB. The role of systems biology approaches in determining molecular signatures for the development of more effective vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:253-267. [PMID: 30700167 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1575208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging infectious diseases are a major threat to public health, and while vaccines have proven to be one of the most effective preventive measures for infectious diseases, we still do not have safe and effective vaccines against many human pathogens, and emerging diseases continually pose new threats. The purpose of this review is to discuss how the creation of vaccines for these new threats has been hindered by limitations in the current approach to vaccine development. Recent advances in high-throughput technologies have enabled scientists to apply systems biology approaches to collect and integrate increasingly large datasets that capture comprehensive biological changes induced by vaccines, and then decipher the complex immune response to those vaccines. AREAS COVERED This review covers advances in these technologies and recent publications that describe systems biology approaches to understanding vaccine immune responses and to understanding the rational design of new vaccine candidates. EXPERT OPINION Systems biology approaches to vaccine development provide novel information regarding both the immune response and the underlying mechanisms and can inform vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brett A McKinney
- b Department of Mathematics , University of Tulsa , Tulsa , OK , USA.,c Tandy School of Computer Science , University of Tulsa , Tulsa , OK , USA
| | - Gregory A Poland
- a Mayo Vaccine Research Group , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
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43
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Lam JH, Baumgarth N. The Multifaceted B Cell Response to Influenza Virus. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:351-359. [PMID: 30617116 PMCID: PMC6327962 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protection from yearly recurring, highly acute infections with a pathogen that rapidly and continuously evades previously induced protective neutralizing Abs, as seen during seasonal influenza virus infections, can be expected to require a B cell response that is too highly variable, able to adapt rapidly, and able to reduce morbidity and death when sterile immunity cannot be garnered quickly enough. As we outline in this Brief Review, the influenza-specific B cell response is exactly that: it is multifaceted, involves both innate-like and conventional B cells, provides early and later immune protection, employs B cells with distinct BCR repertoires and distinct modes of activation, and continuously adapts to the ever-changing virus while enhancing overall protection. A formidable response to a formidable pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Lam
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616; and
| | - Nicole Baumgarth
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616;
- Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616; and
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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44
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da Silva EN, Baker A, Alshekaili J, Karpe K, Cook MC. A randomized trial of serological and cellular responses to hepatitis B vaccination in chronic kidney disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204477. [PMID: 30303980 PMCID: PMC6179249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased risk of hepatitis B infection and impaired seroconversion to hepatitis B vaccine (HBV). Studies examining augmented vaccine schedules to enhance seroconversion have so far been inconclusive. Furthermore, the defects responsible for impaired vaccine immunity in CKD have not yet been identified. METHODS We studied serological and cellular responses to HBV in CKD to identify a defect in vaccine-induced cellular responses that could account for impaired seroconversion in CKD and clarify the effects of an augmented vaccine dose schedule. We compared these results with responses to seasonal influenza vaccination (Fluvax). RESULTS We found a clear benefit in rates and magnitude of seroconversion after an augmented 40mcg HBV dose schedule in CKD. This permitted comparison of responders and non-responders. Serological non-responders with CKD exhibited reduction in CXCR3+CCR6- CXCR5+ memory T cells at baseline. Unlike Fluvax, HBV elicited a poor plasmablast (PB) response. Both vaccinations induced activation of the CXCR3+CCR6- CCR7- subset of circulating T follicular helper cells (cTFH), although this response was impaired in CKD after HBV. CONCLUSIONS CKD confers a specific T cell defect that contributes to the impaired seroconversion to HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N da Silva
- Division of Immunology and Infection, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Translational Research Unit, Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT, Australia
| | - Alan Baker
- Department of Immunology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Jalila Alshekaili
- Division of Immunology and Infection, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Translational Research Unit, Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT, Australia
| | - Krishna Karpe
- Department of Renal Medicine, The Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT, Australia
| | - Matthew C Cook
- Division of Immunology and Infection, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Translational Research Unit, Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT, Australia
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45
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Nguyen DC, Garimalla S, Xiao H, Kyu S, Albizua I, Galipeau J, Chiang KY, Waller EK, Wu R, Gibson G, Roberson J, Lund FE, Randall TD, Sanz I, Lee FEH. Factors of the bone marrow microniche that support human plasma cell survival and immunoglobulin secretion. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3698. [PMID: 30209264 PMCID: PMC6135805 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05853-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human antibody-secreting cells (ASC) in peripheral blood are found after vaccination or infection but rapidly apoptose unless they migrate to the bone marrow (BM). Yet, elements of the BM microenvironment required to sustain long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) remain elusive. Here, we identify BM factors that maintain human ASC > 50 days in vitro. The critical components of the cell-free in vitro BM mimic consist of products from primary BM mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), and hypoxic conditions. Comparative analysis of protein-protein interactions between BM-MSC proteomics with differential RNA transcriptomics of blood ASC and BM LLPC identify two major survival factors, fibronectin and YWHAZ. The MSC secretome proteins and hypoxic conditions play a role in LLPC survival utilizing mechanisms that downregulate mTORC1 signaling and upregulate hypoxia signatures. In summary, we identify elements of the BM survival niche critical for maturation of blood ASC to BM LLPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan C Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Swetha Garimalla
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haopeng Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shuya Kyu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Igor Albizua
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Medicine & University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin in Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kuang-Yueh Chiang
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Edmund K Waller
- Pediatrics & Hematology/Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Greg Gibson
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James Roberson
- Department of Orthopedics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Frances E Lund
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Troy D Randall
- Division of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Iñaki Sanz
- Division of Rheumatology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - F Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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46
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Fukuchi K, Shimauchi T, Tatsuno K, Tokura Y. Induction of plasmablasts by follicular helper T cell-CXCL13 axis upon occurrence of herpes zoster. Clin Immunol 2018; 195:93-100. [PMID: 30118865 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Herpes zoster (HZ) is a recurrent varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection. Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells produce IL-21 and CXCL13, which contributes to the differentiation of plasmablasts. Plasmablasts are involved in the VZV-specific antibody production. We investigated the kinetics of circulating plasmablasts and circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells in 43 HZ patients. Plasma IL-21 and CXCL13 levels were also measured. We found an increase of circulating plasmablasts during the clinical course of HZ. The frequency of circulating plasmablasts positively correlated with VZV-specific IgG titers, frequency of activated cTfh cells, and plasma CXCL13 levels, but did not correlate with plasma IL-21 levels. In a representative case, the kinetics peaked in the order of cTfh cells, CXCL13, plasmablasts, and VZV IgG titer. These results suggest that cTfh-CXCL13 may have a crucial role in the differentiation of B cells into VZV-specific IgG-producing plasmablasts, resulting in boosting immunity against VZV reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Fukuchi
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Shimauchi
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kazuki Tatsuno
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tokura
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
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47
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Nguyen DC, Lewis HC, Joyner C, Warren V, Xiao H, Kissick HT, Wu R, Galipeau J, Lee FEH. Extracellular vesicles from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells support ex vivo survival of human antibody secreting cells. J Extracell Vesicles 2018; 7:1463778. [PMID: 29713426 PMCID: PMC5917896 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2018.1463778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC) are novel mechanisms of cell-cell communication over short and long distances. BM-MSC have been shown to support human antibody secreting cells (ASC) survival ex vivo, but whether the crosstalk between the MSC-ASC interaction can occur via EVs is not known. Thus, we evaluated the role of EVs in ASC survival and IgG secretion. EVs were isolated from irradiated and non-irradiated primary BM-MSC and were quantified. They were further characterized by electron microscopy (EM) and CD63 and CD81 immuno-gold EM staining. Human ASC were isolated via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and cultured ex vivo with the EV fractions, the EV-reduced fractions, or conventional media. IgG Elispots were used to measure the survival and functionality of the ASC. Contents of the EV fractions were evaluated by proteomics. We saw that both irradiated and non-irradiated MSC secretome preparations afforded vesicles of a size consistent with EVs. Both preparations appeared comparable in EM morphology and CD63 and CD81 immuno-gold EM. Both irradiated and non-irradiated EV fractions supported ASC function, at 88% and 90%, respectively, by day 3. In contrast, conventional media maintained only 4% ASC survival by day 3. To identify the specific factors that provided in vitro ASC support, we compared proteomes of the irradiated and non-irradiated EV fractions with conventional media. Pathway analysis of these proteins identified factors involved in the vesicle-mediated delivery of integrin signalling proteins. These findings indicate that BM-MSC EVs provide an effective support system for ASC survival and IgG secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan C. Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Holly C. Lewis
- Departments of Pediatrics and Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chester Joyner
- International Center for Malaria Research, Education and Development, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vivien Warren
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haopeng Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haydn T. Kissick
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Urology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Medicine and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin in Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - F. Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Ajibola O, Mshelia MB, Gulumbe BH, Eze AA. Typhoid Fever Diagnosis in Endemic Countries: A Clog in the Wheel of Progress? MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2018; 54:E23. [PMID: 30344254 PMCID: PMC6037256 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Typhoid fever causes significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries, with inaccurate estimates in some countries affected, especially those situated in Sub-Saharan Africa. Disease burden assessment is limited by lack of a high degree of sensitivity and specificity by many current rapid diagnostic tests. Some of the new technologies, such as PCR and proteomics, may also be useful but are difficult for low-resource settings to apply as point-of-care diagnostics. Weak laboratory surveillance systems may also contribute to the spread of multidrug resistant Salmonella serovar Typhi across endemic areas. In addition, most typhoid-endemic countries employ serological tests that have low sensitivity and specificity making diagnosis unreliable. Here we review currently available typhoid fever diagnostics, and advances in serodiagnosis of S. Typhi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumide Ajibola
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, P.M.B. 1157 Kalgo, Kebbi State, Nigeria.
| | - Mari B Mshelia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, P.M.B. 1157 Kalgo, Kebbi State, Nigeria.
| | - Bashar H Gulumbe
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, P.M.B. 1157 Kalgo, Kebbi State, Nigeria.
| | - Anthonius A Eze
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu 400241, Nigeria.
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Liao K, Derbyshire S, Wang KF, Caucci C, Tang S, Holland C, Loercher A, Gunn GR. Detection of Memory B Activity Against a Therapeutic Protein in Treatment-Naïve Subjects. AAPS JOURNAL 2018; 20:51. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Keefer MC, Zheng B, Rosenberg AF, Kobie JJ. Increased Steady-State Memory B Cell Subsets Among High-Risk Participants in an HIV Vaccine Trial. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 32:1143-1148. [PMID: 27612555 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2016.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of an HIV vaccine will require induction of a protective immune response in the most at-risk populations. The increased incidence of HIV infection in high-risk populations is assumed to be primarily the result of more frequent exposure to the virus or a greater inoculum of the virus; however, underlying variations in immune homeostasis may also contribute to HIV susceptibility and potentially impact vaccine responses and those required for protection. As an effective humoral immune response is likely to be a critical component of a protective HIV vaccine, we evaluated the steady-state phenotypic profile of peripheral blood B cells by flow cytometry from participants in the HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) 203 Phase 2a HIV vaccine trial considered to be at higher risk and lower risk for HIV acquisition. Overall, high-risk participants exhibited increased frequency of unswitched IgM memory and activated switched IgD-CD95+ memory B cells than low-risk participants. Most (93%) of the high-risk male participants were men who have sex with men who engaged in high-risk sexual behavior. High-risk males had a significantly increased frequency of CXCR3+ IgD-CD95+ B cells than low-risk males. These results suggest that high-risk populations have altered B cell homeostasis. The increased frequency of activated and memory B cells may suggest increased immune activation in high-risk populations, which may contribute to possible differential responses to HIV vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Keefer
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Bo Zheng
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Alexander F. Rosenberg
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - James J. Kobie
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
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