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Owusu WE, Burger JR, Lubbe MS, Joubert R, Cockeran M. Incidence patterns of childhood cancer in two tertiary hospitals in Ghana from 2015 to 2019: A retrospective observational study. Cancer Epidemiol 2023; 87:102470. [PMID: 37832243 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate epidemiological data are vital in estimating the burden of disease in a country. Little is known about the incidence of childhood cancer in Ghana. This study describes the incidence patterns of cancer in children below 14 years and 11 months from 2015 to 2019 at the only two main pediatric cancer referral centers in Ghana: Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) and Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH). METHOD Data on the incidence of cancer in children below 14 years and 11 months were collected retrospectively between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2019 from patients' medical folders at KBTH and the cancer registry at the pediatric units of KATH. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data. Incident rates expressed as age-specific rates (ASRs) per 100,000 person-years using population estimates for age groups and sex in each year, were determined by age groups (0-4, 5-9, 10-14 years and 11 months), sex, region of residence and cancer types based on the International Childhood Cancer Classification, third edition. RESULTS The total ASR per 100,000 person-years from 2015 to 2019 was 9.36 based on 1073 cases observed. The ASR increased from 1.6 per 100,000 person-years in 2015-2.41 in 2017, thereafter decreasing to 1.45 in 2019. The ASR was higher in male children (2.10 per 100,000 person-years), children between 0 and 4 years (0.27 per 100,000 person-years), and children living in the Greater Accra region (4.17 per 100,000 person-years). The most prevalent cancers were lymphomas (2.17 per 100,000 person-years) and leukemia (1.88 per 100,000 person-years). CONCLUSION The study provides baseline information on the incidence patterns of childhood cancer from 2015 to 2019, addressing a critical gap in childhood cancer epidemiology in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winifred E Owusu
- Medicine Usage in South Africa, North-West University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Johanita R Burger
- Medicine Usage in South Africa, North-West University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Martha S Lubbe
- Medicine Usage in South Africa, North-West University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Rianda Joubert
- Medicine Usage in South Africa, North-West University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Marike Cockeran
- Statistical Consultation Services, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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2
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Terenziani M, Tozzi AE, Diaco L, Biasin E, Cattoni A, Croci I, Fraschini D, Giorgiani G, Haupt R, Muraca M, Pillon M, Sironi G, Valsecchi MG, Mastronuzzi A. Current practices of follow-up programs for childhood cancer survivors in Italy. TUMORI JOURNAL 2023; 109:555-561. [PMID: 37434559 DOI: 10.1177/03008916231185981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Quality of life in childhood cancer survivors is largely affected by survivorship care and transition from treatment to long-term follow-up (LTFU). Referring to evidence-based recommendations, we wanted to evaluate LTFU care for survivors through a survey among the Italian Association for Pediatric Hematology-Oncology (AIEOP) centers. The project aimed to evaluate the availability of services in Italy, investigate strengths and weaknesses, analyze improvements of awareness in the field, and identify the gaps that need to be addressed by different centers. METHODS Together with the family representatives, on behalf of AIEOP's Late Effects Working Group, we developed a questionnaire on assisting childhood cancer survivors. All AIEOP centers received one questionnaire including information on local health system organizations; LTFU for childhood cancer survivors; services for adult survivors of childhood cancer; information provided to survivors/caregivers and care plan delivery. RESULTS Forty-eight AIEOP centers were contacted and 42 replied, with a response rate of 87.5%. The majority of respondents confirmed their interest in assisting patients with a survivorship care plan (95.2%), regardless of a clinic or dedicated staff. DISCUSSION This is the first overview of LTFU in Italy, which provides detailed results at national levels, prompting consideration of improvements in the last decade. Although there is a high level of interest in survivorship care, many centers lack resources to implement such programs. The identification of these challenges is useful for planning future strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Terenziani
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Alberto Eugenio Tozzi
- Predictive and Preventive Medicine Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Laura Diaco
- FIAGOP - Federazione Italiana Associazioni Genitori e Guariti Oncoematologia Pediatrica, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Biasin
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children Hospital, Turin, Piemonte, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cattoni
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Ileana Croci
- Predictive and Preventive Medicine Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Donatella Fraschini
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Giorgiani
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Haupt
- DOPO Clinic, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Liguria, Italy
| | - Monica Muraca
- DOPO Clinic, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Liguria, Italy
| | - Marta Pillon
- Clinic of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Veneto, Italy
| | - Giovanna Sironi
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Valsecchi
- Bicocca Centre of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Bioimaging, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Gene Therapy, Cell Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Lazio, Italy
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Podda MG, Meazza C, Gattuso G, Sironi G, Nigro O, Bergamaschi L, Biassoni V, Casanova M, Chiaravalli S, Ferrari A, Luksch R, Puma N, Schiavello E, Spreafico F, Grampa P, Manoukian S, Vennarini S, Collini P, Daolio PA, Gennaro M, Guzzo M, Morosi C, Biasoni D, Massimino M, Terenziani M. Treating secondary malignant neoplasms: A burden of childhood cancer survivors. TUMORI JOURNAL 2023; 109:436-441. [PMID: 36964667 PMCID: PMC10540476 DOI: 10.1177/03008916231160824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Each year approximately 35,000 children and adolescents are diagnosed with cancer in Europe. Five-year survival rates have improved and now reach 80% in most European countries, thanks to a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. To date, there are more than 44,000 Italians still living several years after being diagnosed with cancer in developmental age. The risk of premature morbidity and mortality for cancer survivors is well known and documented. Approximately 60% of survivors of cancer in childhood and adolescence have at least one chronic health condition in later life, and more than one in four develop severe or life-threatening disorders. Among the various long-term iatrogenic sequelae of cancer treatments, the most worrisome are second malignant neoplasms. We reported on our mono-institutional experiences of screening and treating secondary breast cancer, secondary thyroid cancer and secondary osteosarcoma. Recommendations on the surveillance needed for cancer survivors because of the risk of late effects of their disease or its treatment suggest that discussing the potential problems early on can be crucial to a patient's future health. These considerations and our consolidated experience strengthen our conviction that survivors of cancer in childhood and adolescence who develop second malignant neoplasms should be treated at highly-specialized centers. Multidisciplinary care requires close communications and high levels of up-to-date professional expertise. This challenging area of health care is also changing rapidly because cancer survivorship is a work in progress, but we cannot wait for definitive conclusions on many aspects because this will take decades, especially for pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta G Podda
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Meazza
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gattuso
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Sironi
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Olga Nigro
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Bergamaschi
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Biassoni
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Casanova
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Chiaravalli
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferrari
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Luksch
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Puma
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Schiavello
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Spreafico
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Grampa
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Vennarini
- Radiotherapy Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Collini
- Pathology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Primo A Daolio
- C.O.O., Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Gaetano Pini, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Gennaro
- Breast Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Guzzo
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Morosi
- Radiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Biasoni
- Urology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Massimino
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Terenziani
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Britto TI, Fattah SA, Rahman MAU, Chowdhury MAU. A Systematic Review on Childhood Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: An Overlooked Phenomenon in the Health and Research Sector of Bangladesh. Cureus 2023; 15:e45937. [PMID: 37900448 PMCID: PMC10601349 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, childhood cancer, particularly non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), is a prevalent concern. However, the difficulty becomes even more distressing in lower-middle-income nations such as Bangladesh. The insufficiency of research, resources, inadequate guidelines, expensive treatment costs, and specialized knowledge exacerbate the challenges associated with the treatment of certain types of cancers. Our investigation looked extensively into the circumstances prevailing in Bangladesh, with the objective of providing a comprehensive overview of the current status and approaches to managing NHL in the country. Through this work, our intention was to illuminate the domains that require immediate focus and assistance. To get insight into the present state of NHL in Bangladesh, our analysis focused on a selection of seven research articles and two case reports published between 2018 and 2023. In order to ensure the integrity and consistency of our review, we conducted a detailed selection procedure, employing the systematic PRISMA review methodology. From a pool of 294 papers, we selected the ones that met our predetermined criteria. These papers were sourced from reputable academic databases, such as Google Scholar and PubMed. The findings of our study indicate a higher prevalence of NHL among children in Bangladesh compared to Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Additionally, this phenomenon exhibits a higher prevalence among male individuals. Our study revealed that in Bangladesh, there is a lack of a dedicated guideline or research center specifically focused on NHL. Additionally, the number of research centers and research dedicated to cancer treatment as a whole is limited. Our research aims to offer a complete analysis of NHL in the context of Bangladesh, with the intention of offering valuable guidance to healthcare professionals and policymakers. The utilization of our research outcomes has the potential to enhance patient care, facilitate the development of more effective clinical protocols, and promote greater accessibility and affordability of therapies. This has the potential to provide improved cancer care not only in Bangladesh but also in other comparable contexts worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzir Islam Britto
- Nephrology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, BGD
- Nephrology, National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology, Dhaka, BGD
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Kumar B, Sharma P, Shantanu K, Kumar S, Agarwal R, Kumar A, Kumar D. Limb Salvage Strategy Amendment for a Better Future in the Era of Bone Cancer Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Study in North India. Cureus 2023; 15:e41768. [PMID: 37575764 PMCID: PMC10416668 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone tumors remain a formidable challenge for orthopedic surgeons. In developing countries, the challenge is exacerbated by limited diagnostic, therapeutic, and management facilities and ignorance. Patients with upper and lower-extremity muscle and skeletal tumors are candidates for amputation or surgical rescue of the limbs. Traditionally, limb rescue surgery by neo-adjuvant chemotherapy is the preferred surgery method for localized carcinoma. Amputations are usually reserved for patients with increased tumor size. The purpose of this study is to investigate health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and physical disability, focusing on surgical care, gender, and age, in adolescent and young adult survivors of malignant bone tumors treated surgically. METHODS This cross-sectional study consists of 38 long-term survivors who underwent amputation or limb-salvage surgery at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, from 2019 to 2022. After obtaining ethical clearance and informed consent, 38 patients which included 26 patients treated with limb salvage in Group A and 12 patients treated with amputation in Group B were included in the study. The SF-36 and HUI3 scores were used to assess the functional outcome and health-related QoL of these patients. RESULTS After minimal six months of interventions, we have found a significant improvement in all the following factors: physical functioning (P=0.000), role limitations due to physical health (P=0.000) and emotional problems (P=0.001), energy/fatigue (P=0.000), emotional well-being (P=0.000), social functioning (P=0.000), pain (P=0.000), and general health (P=0.000). Group A showed a higher degree of significance than Group B through SF-36 (Short Form-36, patient-reported outcome), whereas HUI-3 did not show any significant outcomes (P=0.347). CONCLUSION The overall quality of life of patients with salvaged limbs appears to be higher than that of the quality of life of amputee patients in tumor survivor patients. Further analyses must be carried out to verify the results and focus on areas that have a major impact on the overall quality of life using other assessment tools. The impact of therapy on the quality of life depends on maintaining the necessary structures for functional functions, adjusting patient expectations to cancer treatments, and designing long-term rehabilitation programs to support functional functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh Kumar
- Orthopaedic Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | | | - Kumar Shantanu
- Orthopaedic Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Sanjiv Kumar
- Orthopaedic Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Rishabh Agarwal
- Orthopaedic Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Orthopaedic Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Orthopaedic Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
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Ruth AL, Rehman U, Stewart P, Moore LE, Yucel R, Taylor Wilson R. Maternal and Paternal Household Pesticide Exposure During Pregnancy and Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:595-604. [PMID: 37015736 PMCID: PMC10464523 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether risk estimates for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia change when restricting model comparison groups to "nonpesticide exposure" (NPE10) households. METHODS Cases ( n = 1810) 15 years or younger were identified through Children's Cancer Group institutions between 1989 and 1993 and age-/sex-matched to controls ( n = 1951). Household pesticide use during pregnancy/month prior was collected via telephone. NPE10 comparison group reporting no parental exposure to 10 pesticide classes was identified. RESULTS Adjusted odds ratios increased from 15% to 49% when limiting the comparison to NPE10. Maternal termite insecticide exposure was associated with greatest risk (adjusted odds ratio, 4.21; 95% confidence interval, 2.00-8.88). There was minimal evidence of interaction by child sex or occupational pesticide exposure, and no monotonic dose-response pattern with frequency of use (times per year). CONCLUSIONS Elevated risks are consistent with published pooled-/meta-analyses and DNA damage. The consistency and magnitude of these associations warrant product labeling, exposure reduction interventions, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Ruth
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.R., U.R., R.Y., R.T.W.); Stewart Exposure Assessments, LLC, Arlington, Virginia (P.S.); and Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (L.E.M.)
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Mørch LS, Gamborg M, Hemmingsen CH, Skovlund CW, Kjær SK, Hargreave M. In Utero Exposure to Hormonal Contraception and Mortality in Offspring with and without Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3163. [PMID: 37370773 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 400 million women of reproductive age use hormonal contraceptives worldwide. Eventually, pregnancy sometimes occurs due to irregular use. Use in early pregnancy is found to be associated with child morbidities including cancer, the main reason for disease-related death in children. Here, we add the missing piece about in utero exposure to hormonal contraception and mortality in offspring, including assessments of prognosis in children with cancer. In utero exposure to hormonal contraception may be associated with death since we found a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.22 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.48) compared to children of mothers with previous use. The HRs were 1.22 (95% CI 0.99-1.13) for oral combined products and 2.92 (95% CI 1.21-7.04) for non-oral progestin-only products. A poorer prognosis was also found in exposed children with leukemia (3.62 (95% CI: 1.33-9.87)). If causal, hormonal contraception in pregnancy seems detrimental for offspring health and a marker of poorer prognosis in children with leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Steinrud Mørch
- Cancer Surveillance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Gamborg
- Cancer Surveillance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Hallas Hemmingsen
- Virus, Lifestyle, and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Wessel Skovlund
- Cancer Surveillance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Krüger Kjær
- Virus, Lifestyle, and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Hargreave
- Virus, Lifestyle, and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Mirutse MK, Palm MT, Tolla MT, Memirie ST, Kefyalew ES, Hailu D, Norheim OF. Cost of childhood cancer treatment in Ethiopia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286461. [PMID: 37267276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the recent interest in expanding pediatric oncology units in Ethiopia, reflected in the National Childhood and Adolescent Cancer Control Plan (NCACCP), little is known about the cost of running a pediatric oncology unit and treating childhood cancers. METHODS We collected historical cost data and quantity of services provided for the pediatric oncology unit and all other departments in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) from 8 July 2018 to 7 July 2019, using a provider perspective and mixed (top-down and bottom-up) costing approaches. Direct costs (human resources, drugs, supplies, medical equipment) of the pediatric oncology unit, costs at other relevant clinical departments, and overhead cost share are summed up to estimate the total annual cost of running the unit. Further, unit costs were estimated at specific childhood cancer levels. RESULTS The estimated annual total cost of running a pediatric oncology unit was USD 776,060 (equivalent to USD 577 per treated child). The cost of running a pediatric oncology unit per treated child ranged from USD 469 to USD 1,085, on the scenario-based sensitivity analysis. Drugs and supplies, and human resources accounted for 33% and 27% of the total cost, respectively. Outpatient department and inpatient department shared 37% and 63% of the cost, respectively. For the pediatric oncology unit, the cost per OPD visit, cost per bed day, and cost per episode of hospital admission were USD 36.9, 39.9, and 373.3, respectively. The annual cost per treated child ranged from USD 322 to USD 1,313 for the specific childhood cancers. CONCLUSION Running a pediatric oncology unit in Ethiopia is likely to be affordable. Further analysis of cost effectiveness, equity, and financial risk protection impacts of investing in childhood cancer programs could better inform the prioritization of childhood cancer control interventions in the Ethiopia Essential Health Service Package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizan Kiros Mirutse
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting (BCEPS), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Ministry of Health Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Mieraf Taddesse Tolla
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting (BCEPS), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Solomon Tessema Memirie
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting (BCEPS), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Addis Center for Ethics and Priority Setting, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Daniel Hailu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ole F Norheim
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting (BCEPS), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Piscitelli P, Miani A, Greco E, Distante A, Schittulli F, Civino A. More Children Means More Tumours? We Can Do More to Protect the Health of Our Kids-A Call for a New Epidemiology That Can Change the World. EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2023; 4:173-175. [PMID: 37367183 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia4020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In encyclopaedic dictionaries published until 1955, the word "tumour" was defined as an "occupational disease suffered by the workers of chemical industries", thus referring to a very specific cause [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisco Piscitelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Euro Mediterranean Scientific Biomedical Institute (ISBEM), Rue de Bellard 20, 1040 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Alessandro Miani
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), 20123 Milan, Italy
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Greco
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Distante
- Euro Mediterranean Scientific Biomedical Institute (ISBEM), 72023 Mesagne, Italy
| | | | - Adele Civino
- Local Health Authority ASL Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Ziyaee S, Akbari ME, Azizmohammad Looha M, Rahimi F, Khodakarim S. Spatiotemporal variations in childhood lymphoma cancer incidence and its survival rate in Iran, 2005-2015: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Paediatr Open 2023; 7:e001802. [PMID: 37344003 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood lymphoma is the second leading cause of cancer in children under 15 years of age in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial and time variations in lymphoma incidence as well as the children's survival time in Iran. METHOD This cross-sectional study was conducted using lymphoma cases (children under 14 years of age) from 2005 to 2015, and the data were obtained from the National Cancer Registry Center. The frequency, age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR), spatial clustering in national level and the survival rate (1 year and 5 years) using Kaplan-Meier method were evaluated. We used Spatial and Temporal Scan statistics software in order to detect statistically significant clusters in spatial analysis. RESULTS A total number of 746 girls and 1610 boys were diagnosed with lymphoma during a 10-year period. ASIRs (per 100 000 people) for girls ranged from 0 in Ilam to 3.47 in Yasuj, and it ranged from 0.19 in Ilam to 5.91 in Yazd for boys from 2005 to 2015. Spatial analysis result showed a large statistically significant cluster (the most likely cluster) for both boys (relative risk (RR)=2.37) and girls (RR=2.49) located in the northwest of Iran. Fortunately, survival rate for both boys and girls was over 95.5%. CONCLUSION Lymphoma incidence rates had heterogeneous geographical distribution, and some significant clusters were identified which strengthens the role of possible aetiological factors, and further studies are needed to clarify this ambiguity. Fortunately, the survival rate of this cancer in Iran was good and it was similar to the high-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Ziyaee
- Pediatric Pathology Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Mehdi Azizmohammad Looha
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Rahimi
- Departments of English Language, School of Paramedical Science, Shiraz University of Medical, Shiraz, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Soheila Khodakarim
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
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11
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Moreno L, Teira P, Croop JM, Gerber NU, André N, Aerts I, Gros Subias L, De Wilde B, Bautista F, Turpin B, Kunduri S, Hamidi A, Lawrence T, Streby KA. A phase 1, first-in-child, multicenter study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the oncolytic herpes virus talimogene laherparepvec in pediatric patients with advanced solid tumors. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1183295. [PMID: 37292376 PMCID: PMC10244735 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1183295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The survival rates for pediatric patients with relapsed and refractory tumors are poor. Successful treatment strategies are currently lacking and there remains an unmet need for novel therapies for these patients. We report here the results of a phase 1 study of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) and explore the safety of this oncolytic immunotherapy for the treatment of pediatric patients with advanced non-central nervous system tumors. Methods T-VEC was delivered by intralesional injection at 106 plaque-forming units (PFU)/ml on the first day, followed by 108 PFU/ml on the first day of week 4 and every 2 weeks thereafter. The primary objective was to evaluate the safety and tolerability as assessed by the incidence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). Secondary objectives included efficacy indicated by response and survival per modified immune-related response criteria simulating the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (irRC-RECIST). Results Fifteen patients were enrolled into two cohorts based on age: cohort A1 (n = 13) 12 to ≤21 years old (soft-tissue sarcoma, n = 7; bone sarcoma, n = 3; neuroblastoma, n = 1; nasopharyngeal carcinoma, n = 1; and melanoma, n = 1) and cohort B1 (n = 2) 2 to <12 years old (melanoma, n = 2). Overall, patients received treatment for a median (range) of 5.1 (0.1, 39.4) weeks. No DLTs were observed during the evaluation period. All patients experienced at least one treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE), and 53.3% of patients reported grade ≥3 TEAEs. Overall, 86.7% of patients reported treatment-related TEAEs. No complete or partial responses were observed, and three patients (20%) overall exhibited stable disease as the best response. Conclusions T-VEC was tolerable as assessed by the observation of no DLTs. The safety data were consistent with the patients' underlying cancer and the known safety profile of T-VEC from studies in the adult population. No objective responses were observed. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02756845. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02756845.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Moreno
- Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pierre Teira
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
| | - James M. Croop
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Nicolas U. Gerber
- Department of Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas André
- SMARTC Unit Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm U1068, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Service d'Hématologie & Oncologie Pédiatrique, Timone Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Francisco Bautista
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Brian Turpin
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | | | - Ali Hamidi
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | | | - Keri A. Streby
- Department of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital/The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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12
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Ionio C, Bigoni F, Sacchi M, Zecca M, Bergami E, Landoni M, Ciuffo G, Rovati A, Rizzi D. Exploring the Effects of Cancer as a Traumatic Event on Italian Adolescents and Young Adults: Investigating Psychological Well-Being, Identity Construction and Coping Strategies. Pediatr Rep 2023; 15:254-262. [PMID: 36976728 PMCID: PMC10056441 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric15010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer in adolescence is considered a family disease that can have numerous negative psychological consequences for adolescents and the entire household. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of oncological disease in adolescence, with particular reference to the psychological and post-traumatic consequences for the adolescents themselves and the family system. An explorative case-control study was conducted with 31 adolescents (mean age 18.03 ± 2.799) hospitalised for cancer at IRCCS San Matteo Hospital in Pavia and 47 healthy adolescents (mean age 16.17 ± 2.099). The two samples completed a survey that included sociodemographic information and questionnaires assessing psychological well-being, traumatic effects of the disease, and adequacy of the relationship with parents. 56.7% of oncology adolescents scored below average in psychological well-being, and a small proportion of them fell within the range of clinical concern for anger (9.7%), PTS (12.9%), and dissociation (12.9%). Compared with peers, there were no significant differences. However, in contrast to peers, oncology adolescents showed a strong influence of the traumatic event on the construction of their identity and life perspectives. A significantly positive correlation also emerged between adolescents' psychological well-being and the relationship with their parents (mothers: r = 0.796; p < 0.01; fathers: r = 0.692; p < 0.01). Our findings highlight how cancer in adolescence could represent a central traumatic event that can shape the identity and life of teenagers who are in an intrinsically delicate and vulnerable stage of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ionio
- CRIdee, Unità di Ricerca sul Trauma, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica, 20123 Milano, Italy
- Società Italiana di Psicologia Pediatrica (S.I.P.Ped), 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Bigoni
- Fondazione Soleterre, 20125 Milano, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maddalena Sacchi
- CRIdee, Unità di Ricerca sul Trauma, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica, 20123 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Zecca
- Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Bergami
- Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Landoni
- CRIdee, Unità di Ricerca sul Trauma, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica, 20123 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Ciuffo
- CRIdee, Unità di Ricerca sul Trauma, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica, 20123 Milano, Italy
- Società Italiana di Psicologia Pediatrica (S.I.P.Ped), 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Rovati
- Fondazione Soleterre, 20125 Milano, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Damiano Rizzi
- Fondazione Soleterre, 20125 Milano, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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13
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Kiros M, Memirie ST, Tolla MTT, Palm MT, Hailu D, Norheim OF. Cost-effectiveness of running a paediatric oncology unit in Ethiopia. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068210. [PMID: 36918241 PMCID: PMC10016307 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the cost-effectiveness of running a paediatric oncology unit in Ethiopia to inform the revision of the Ethiopia Essential Health Service Package (EEHSP), which ranks the treatment of childhood cancers at a low and medium priority. METHODS We built a decision analytical model-a decision tree-to estimate the cost-effectiveness of running a paediatric oncology unit compared with a do-nothing scenario (no paediatric oncology care) from a healthcare provider perspective. We used the recently (2018-2019) conducted costing estimate for running the paediatric oncology unit at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) and employed a mixed costing approach (top-down and bottom-up). We used data on health outcomes from other studies in similar settings to estimate the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted of running a paediatric oncology unit compared with a do-nothing scenario over a lifetime horizon. Both costs and effects were discounted (3%) to the present value. The primary outcome was incremental cost in US dollars (USDs) per DALY averted, and we used a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of 50% of the Ethiopian gross domestic product per capita (USD 477 in 2019). Uncertainty was tested using one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. RESULTS The incremental cost and DALYs averted per child treated in the paediatric oncology unit at TASH were USD 876 and 2.4, respectively, compared with no paediatric oncology care. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of running a paediatric oncology unit was USD 361 per DALY averted, and it was cost-effective in 90% of 100 000 Monte Carlo iterations at a USD 477 WTP threshold. CONCLUSIONS The provision of paediatric cancer services using a specialised oncology unit is most likely cost-effective in Ethiopia, at least for easily treatable cancer types in centres with minimal to moderate capability. We recommend reassessing the priority-level decision of childhood cancer treatment in the current EEHSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizan Kiros
- Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting (BCEPS), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Solomon Tessema Memirie
- Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting (BCEPS), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Addis Center for Ethics and Priority Setting, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mieraf Taddesse Taddesse Tolla
- Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting (BCEPS), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michael Tekle Palm
- Department of Health Financing, Clinton Health Access Initiative, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Hailu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ole F Norheim
- Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting (BCEPS), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Li Y, Liang D, Ma S, Ma C. Spatio-temporally smoothed deep survival neural network. J Biomed Inform 2023; 137:104255. [PMID: 36462600 PMCID: PMC9845179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2022.104255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of registry data has important implications for cancer monitoring, control, and treatment. In such analysis, (semi)parametric models, such as the Cox Proportional Hazards model, have been routinely adopted. In recent years, deep neural network (DNN) has been shown to excel in many fields with its flexibility and superior prediction performance, and it has been applied to the analysis of cancer survival data. Cancer registry data usually has a broad spatial and temporal coverage, leading to significant heterogeneity. Published studies have suggested that it is not sensible to fit one model for all spatial and temporal locations combined. On the other hand, it is inefficient to fit one model for each spatial/temporal location separately. Motivated by such considerations, in this study, we develop a spatio-temporally smoothed DNN approach for the analysis of cancer registry data with a (censored) survival outcome. This approach can accommodate the significant differences across time and space, while recognizing that the spatial and temporal changes are smooth. It is effectively realized via cutting-edge optimization techniques. To draw more definitive conclusions, we also develop an approach for assessing the importance of each individual input variable. Data on head and neck cancer (HNC) and pancreatic cancer from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database is analyzed. Compared to direct competitors, the proposed approach leads to network architectures that are smoother. Evaluated using the time-dependent Concordance-Index, it has a better prediction performance. The important variables are also biomedically sensible. Overall, this study can deliver a new and effective tool for deciphering cancer survival at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Center for Applied Statistics and School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Dongzuo Liang
- Center for Applied Statistics and School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangge Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chenjin Ma
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.
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15
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Chen Z, Li S, Zou K, Li H, Zeng L, Lu X, Jia ZJ, Cheng G, Zhang L. Accessibility of essential anticancer medicines for children in the Sichuan Province of China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:980969. [PMID: 36408013 PMCID: PMC9672812 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.980969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compared with high-income countries, the survival rate of childhood cancer is lower in low- and middle-income countries. Access to essential anticancer medicines is an indispensable component of pediatric cancer treatment, which is still a big challenge in low- and middle-income countries. Objective To assess the accessibility of essential anticancer medicines for children in public hospitals in the Sichuan Province of China. Methods Based on the data of the Sichuan Province Drug Use Monitoring Platform in 2020, a retrospective study was conducted to investigate the original brands and generics of 34 anticancer and three supportive essential medicines for children (a total of 97 specific strengths) in Sichuan Province. The availability, price, and affordability of surveyed medicines were evaluated in all 152 tertiary public hospitals (120 general hospitals, 31 children's hospitals, and one cancer hospital) that could diagnose and treat cancer for children. Results The average availability of generics and original brands was 18.5% and 2.6%, respectively. In regions with different gross domestic product (GDP) per capita levels, the average availability was similar, but the city with lower GDP per capita levels had fewer tertiary public hospitals. The prices of most original brands were higher than the lowest-priced generics, and the median price ratios of 31 lowest-priced generics and 16 original brands were 0.744 (P25~P75, 0.446~2.791) and 2.908 (1.719~6.465). After paying medical insurance for medicines, the affordability of essential anticancer medicines was improved. The monthly medicine cost did not exceed 10% of the monthly household income for 78.9% (30/38) of the lowest-priced generics and 50.0% (8/16) of the original brands. Conclusion The availability of lowest-priced generics was higher than original brands in public hospitals, but the availability of both was low, which was similar to previous studies in low- and middle-income countries. About half of the lowest-priced generics and 87.5% of the original brands cost more than 1.5 times the International Reference Price. Although the National Basic Medical Insurance greatly improved the affordability of essential anticancer medicines for children, higher subsidies for essential medicines for cancer treatment to limit catastrophic health expenditures are still recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Technical Research on Drug Products In Vitro and In Vivo Correlation, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China,West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Technical Research on Drug Products In Vitro and In Vivo Correlation, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Technical Research on Drug Products In Vitro and In Vivo Correlation, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Technical Research on Drug Products In Vitro and In Vivo Correlation, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Linan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Technical Research on Drug Products In Vitro and In Vivo Correlation, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China,Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Technical Research on Drug Products In Vitro and In Vivo Correlation, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China,West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China,Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Technical Research on Drug Products In Vitro and In Vivo Correlation, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Lingli Zhang
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16
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Rask O, Nilsson F, Lähteenmäki P, Ehrstedt C, Holm S, Sandström PE, Nyman P, Sabel M, Grillner P. Prospective registration of symptoms and times to diagnosis in children and adolescents with central nervous system tumors: A study of the Swedish Childhood Cancer Registry. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29850. [PMID: 35727740 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The elapsed time taken to diagnose tumors of the central nervous system in children and adolescents varies widely. The aim of the present study was to investigate such diagnostic time intervals at a national level in Sweden as they correlate with clinical features. METHODS Data prospectively accumulated over a 4-year period in the Swedish Childhood Cancer Registry from patients aged 0-18 years were pooled, and diagnostic time intervals were analyzed considering tumor location, tumor type, patient age and sex, initial symptoms, and clinical timelines. All six pediatric oncology centers in Sweden contributed to collection of data. Time points for calculating the total diagnostic interval (TDI) defined as the time from symptom onset to diagnosis were reported in 257 of 319 patients (81%). RESULTS The time from symptom onset to the first healthcare consultation, median 2.6 weeks, did not vary significantly between patients categorized according to tumor type or location. The median TDI was 8.3 weeks for the 4-year study period. Patients with optic pathway glioma (TDI 26.6 weeks), those with tumors of the spinal cord (TDI 25.9 weeks), and those with midline tumors (TDI 24.6 weeks) had the longest lead times. Additionally, older age, too few initial symptoms, and seeking initial redress outside an emergency ward were factors associated with a longer time to diagnosis. CONCLUSION This study identified several factors associated with delayed diagnosis of central nervous system tumors among Swedish children and adolescents. These novel data ought to help direct future efforts toward clinical improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Rask
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden.,Psychiatry, Habilitation and Aid, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Päivi Lähteenmäki
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Astrid Lindgrens Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and FICAN-West, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Christoffer Ehrstedt
- Department of Women´s and Children´s Health, Uppsala University, and Uppsala University Children´s Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Holm
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Astrid Lindgrens Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Per Nyman
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Center for Medical Imaging and Visualization (CMIV), University Hospital in Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Sabel
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Grillner
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Astrid Lindgrens Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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17
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Sparber-Sauer M, Ferrari A, Kosztyla D, Ladenstein R, Cecchetto G, Kazanowska B, Scarzello G, Ljungman G, Milano GM, Niggli F, Alaggio R, Vokuhl C, Casanova M, Klingebiel T, Zin A, Koscielniak E, Bisogno G. Long-term results from the multicentric European randomized phase 3 trial CWS/RMS-96 for localized high-risk soft tissue sarcoma in children, adolescents, and young adults. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29691. [PMID: 35441463 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CWS/RMS-96 was an international multicenter trial with randomization between two therapy arms of the standard four-drug therapy (vincristine, ifosfamide, adriamycin, dactinomycin [VAIA]) versus an intensified six-drug regimen (carboplatin, epirubicin, vincristine, dactinomycin, ifosfamide, and etoposide [CEVAIE]) for high-risk rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma (EES), and undifferentiated sarcoma (UDS) in children, adolescents, and young adults aiming to improve their survival. Intensified chemotherapy with CEVAIE did not improve outcome. METHODS Patients younger than 21 years with a previously untreated localized HR-RMS, EES, and UDS were enrolled from Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS) centers in Germany, Austria, Poland, Switzerland, and from Italian Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee (STSC) centers. Randomization (1:1) to receive either 9 × 21 days cycles of VAIA or CEVAIE was performed separately in CWS and STSC. Hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy (32-44.8 Gy) was added at week 9-12 according to histology and response to chemotherapy. A secondary microscopically complete nonmutilating resection was performed if possible. Primary endpoints were response to chemotherapy, event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Five hundred fifty-seven patients (HR-RMS: n = 416, EES and UDS: n = 141) underwent randomization: VAIA (n = 273) or CEVAIE (n = 284). Radiotherapy was given to 70% of patients in both groups. A secondary resection was performed in 47% and 48% patients, respectively. The 5-year EFS and OS for the VAIA and CEVAIE treatment arms were 59.8% and 60.8% (p = .89), and 74.2% and 68.3% (p = .16), respectively. No differences in response, toxicity, or second malignancies emerged in the two groups. CONCLUSION The use of an intensified regimen failed to show a significant improvement in tumor response and outcome of patients with localized HR-RMS, EES, and UDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sparber-Sauer
- Klinikum der Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart gKAöR, Olgahospital, Stuttgart Cancer Center, Zentrum für Kinder-, Jugend- und Frauenmedizin, Pädiatrie 5 (Pädiatrische Onkologie, Hämatologie, Immunologie), Stuttgart, Germany.,Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Ferrari
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel Kosztyla
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -Prüfung, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruth Ladenstein
- St Anna Children's Hospital, Vienna, Austria.,Department for Studies and Statistics and Integrated Research, Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giovanni Cecchetto
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department for Women's and Children's Health, Padua University, Padua, Italy
| | - Bernarda Kazanowska
- Department of Paediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology and Hematology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Giovanni Scarzello
- Radiation Oncology, Department for Women's and Children's Health, Padua University, Padua, Italy
| | - Gustaf Ljungman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Maria Milano
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS), Rome, Italy
| | - Felix Niggli
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rita Alaggio
- Department of Pathology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christian Vokuhl
- Section of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michela Casanova
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Klingebiel
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Universitäres Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (UCT), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department for Children and, Adolescents Medicine, Goethe University, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Angelica Zin
- Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Ewa Koscielniak
- Klinikum der Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart gKAöR, Olgahospital, Stuttgart Cancer Center, Zentrum für Kinder-, Jugend- und Frauenmedizin, Pädiatrie 5 (Pädiatrische Onkologie, Hämatologie, Immunologie), Stuttgart, Germany.,Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gianni Bisogno
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Department for Women's and Children's Health, Padua University, Padua, Italy
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Trends in treatment of childhood cancer and subsequent primary neoplasm risk. Radiol Oncol 2022; 56:380-389. [PMID: 35848608 PMCID: PMC9400439 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2022-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to investigate long-term risk and spectrum of subsequent neoplasm (SN) in childhood cancer survivors and to identify how trends in therapy influenced cumulative incidence of SN. PATIENTS AND METHODS The population-based cohort comprises 3271 childhood cancer patients diagnosed in Slovenia aged ≤ 18 years between 1st January 1961 and 31st December 2013 with a follow-up through 31st December 2018. Main outcome measures are standardised incidence ratios (SIRs), absolute excess risks (AERs), and cumulative incidence of SN. RESULTS After median follow-up time of 21.5 years for 5-year survivors, 230 patients experienced 273 SN, including 183 subsequent malignant neoplasm (SMN), 34 meningiomas and 56 nonmelanoma skin cancers. 10.5% patients received radiotherapy only, 31% chemotherapy only, 26.9% a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy and 16.1% surgery only. The overall SIR was almost 3 times more than expected (SIR 2.9), with survivors still at 2-fold increased risk after attained age 50 years. The observed cumulative incidence of SMN at 30-year after diagnosis was significantly lower for those diagnosed in 1960s, compared with the 1970s and the 1980s (P heterogeneity < 0.001). Despite reduced use of radiotherapy over time, the difference in cumulative incidence for the first 15 years after diagnosis was not significant for patients treated before or after 1995 (p = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS Risks of developing a SMN in this study are similar to other European population-based cohorts. The intensity of treatment peaked later and use of radiotherapy declined slower compared to high income countries, making continuous surveillance even more important in the future.
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Mirutse MK, Tolla MT, Memirie ST, Palm MT, Hailu D, Abdi KA, Buli ED, Norheim OF. The magnitude and perceived reasons for childhood cancer treatment abandonment in Ethiopia: from health care providers' perspective. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1014. [PMID: 35941600 PMCID: PMC9361525 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment abandonment is one of major reasons for childhood cancer treatment failure and low survival rate in low- and middle-income countries. Ethiopia plans to reduce abandonment rate by 60% (2019–2023), but baseline data and information about the contextual risk factors that influence treatment abandonment are scarce. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 5 to 22, 2021, on the three major pediatric oncology centers in Ethiopia. Data on the incidence and reasons for treatment abandonment were obtained from healthcare professionals. We were unable to obtain data about the patients’ or guardians’ perspective because the information available in the cancer registry was incomplete to contact adequate number of respondents. We used a validated, semi-structured questionnaire developed by the International Society of Pediatric Oncology Abandonment Technical Working Group. We included all (N = 38) health care professionals (physicians, nurses, and social workers) working at these centers who had more than one year of experience in childhood cancer service provision (a universal sampling and 100% response rate). Results The perceived mean abandonment rate in Ethiopia is 34% (SE 2.5%). The risk of treatment abandonment is dependent on the type of cancer (high for bone sarcoma and brain tumor), the phase of treatment and treatment outcome. The highest risk is during maintenance and treatment failure or relapse for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and during pre- or post-surgical phase for Wilms tumor and bone sarcoma. The major influencing risk factors in Ethiopia includes high cost of care, low economic status, long travel time to treatment centers, long waiting time, belief in the incurability of cancer and poor public awareness about childhood cancer. Conclusions The perceived abandonment rate in Ethiopia is high, and the risk of abandonment varies according to the type of cancer, phase of treatment or treatment outcome. Therefore, mitigation strategies to reduce the abandonment rate should include identifying specific risk factors and prioritizing strategies based on their level of influence, effectiveness, feasibility, and affordability. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-08188-8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mieraf Taddesse Tolla
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting (BCEPS), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Solomon Tessema Memirie
- Addis Center for Ethics and Priority Setting, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Daniel Hailu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Ole F Norheim
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting (BCEPS), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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20
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Sansom-Daly UM, Wiener L, Darlington AS, Poort H, Rosenberg AR, Weaver MS, Schulte F, Anazodo A, Phillips C, Sue L, Herbert AR, Mack JW, Lindsay T, Evans H, Wakefield CE. Thinking globally to improve care locally: A Delphi study protocol to achieve international clinical consensus on best-practice end-of-life communication with adolescents and young adults with cancer. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270797. [PMID: 35802558 PMCID: PMC9269432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
For the sizeable subset of adolescents and young adults whose cancer is incurable, developmentally appropriate end-of-life discussions are critical. Standards of care for adolescent and young adult end-of-life communication have been established, however, many health-professionals do not feel confident leading these conversations, leaving gaps in the implementation of best-practice end-of-life communication. We present a protocol for a Delphi study informing the development and implementation of clinician training to strengthen health-professionals’ capacity in end-of-life conversations. Our approach will inform training to address barriers to end-of-life communication with adolescents and young adults across Westernized Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Global Accord countries. The Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Global Accord team involves 26 investigators from Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. Twenty-four consumers, including adolescents and young adults with cancer history and carers, informed study design. We describe methodology for a modified Delphi questionnaire. The questionnaire aims to determine optimal timing for end-of-life communication with adolescents and young adults, practice-related content needed in clinician training for end-of-life communication with adolescents and young adults, and desireability of evidence-based training models. Round 1 involves an expert panel of investigators identifying appropriate questionnaire items. Rounds 2 and 3 involve questionnaires of international multidisciplinary health-professionals, followed by further input by adolescents and young adults. A second stage of research will design health-professional training to support best-practice end-of-life communication. The outcomes of this iterative and participatory research will directly inform the implementation of best-practice end-of-life communication across Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Global Accord countries. Barriers and training preferences identified will directly contribute to developing clinician-training resources. Our results will provide a framework to support further investigating end-of-life communication with adolescents and young adults across diverse countries. Our experiences also highlight effective methodology in undertaking highly collaborative global research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula M. Sansom-Daly
- Behavioural Sciences Unit proudly supported by the Kids with Cancer Foundation, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, Randwick Clinical Campus, Discipline of Paediatrics, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Youth Cancer Service, Prince of Wales/Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Lori Wiener
- Psychosocial Support and Research Program, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anne-Sophie Darlington
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hanneke Poort
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Abby R. Rosenberg
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Palliative Care and Resilience Program, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Cambia Palliative Care Center of Excellence, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Meaghann S. Weaver
- Divisions of Palliative Care & Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
- National Center for Ethics in Health Care, Washington DC, Washington, United States of America
| | - Fiona Schulte
- Division of Psychosocial Oncology, Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hematology, Oncology and Transplant Program, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Antoinette Anazodo
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, Randwick Clinical Campus, Discipline of Paediatrics, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Youth Cancer Service, Prince of Wales/Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Celeste Phillips
- School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Louise Sue
- Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Services Team, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Anthony R. Herbert
- Children’s Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Children’s Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer W. Mack
- Population Sciences for Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Toni Lindsay
- Chris O’Brien Lifehouse Cancer Centre, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holly Evans
- Behavioural Sciences Unit proudly supported by the Kids with Cancer Foundation, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, Randwick Clinical Campus, Discipline of Paediatrics, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claire E. Wakefield
- Behavioural Sciences Unit proudly supported by the Kids with Cancer Foundation, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, Randwick Clinical Campus, Discipline of Paediatrics, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
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de la Nava D, Selvi KM, Alonso MM. Immunovirotherapy for Pediatric Solid Tumors: A Promising Treatment That is Becoming a Reality. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866892. [PMID: 35493490 PMCID: PMC9043602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has seen tremendous strides in the last decade, acquiring a prominent position at the forefront of cancer treatment since it has been proven to be efficacious for a wide variety of tumors. Nevertheless, while immunotherapy has changed the paradigm of adult tumor treatment, this progress has not yet been translated to the pediatric solid tumor population. For this reason, alternative curative therapies are urgently needed for the most aggressive pediatric tumors. In recent years, oncolytic virotherapy has consolidated as a feasible strategy for cancer treatment, not only for its tumor-specific effects and safety profile but also for its capacity to trigger an antitumor immune response. This review will summarize the current status of immunovirotherapy to treat cancer, focusing on pediatric solid malignancies. We will revisit previous basic, translational, and clinical research and discuss advances in overcoming the existing barriers and limitations to translate this promising therapeutic as an every-day cancer treatment for the pediatric and young adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel de la Nava
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Programs in Solid Tumors and Neuroscience, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Kadir Mert Selvi
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Programs in Solid Tumors and Neuroscience, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta M. Alonso
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Programs in Solid Tumors and Neuroscience, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Wang G, Jia Y, Ye Y, Kang E, Chen H, Wang J, He X. Clinical and Epidemiological Study of Intracranial Tumors in Children and Identification of Diagnostic Biomarkers for the Most Common Tumor Subtype and Their Relationship with the Immune Microenvironment Through Bioinformatics Analysis. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1208-1223. [PMID: 35347632 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors are the second most common pediatric malignancy and have poor prognosis. Understanding the pathogenesis of tumors at the molecular level is essential for clinical treatment. We conducted a retrospective study on the epidemiology of brain tumors in children based on clinical data obtained from a neurosurgical center. After identifying the most prevalent tumor subtype, we identified new potential diagnostic biomarkers through bioinformatics analysis of the public database. All children (0-15 years) with brain tumors diagnosed histopathologically between 2010 and 2020 at the Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, were reviewed retrospectively for age distribution, sex predilection, native location, tumor location, symptoms, and histological grade, and identified the most common tumor subtypes. Two datasets (GSE44971 and GSE44684) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, whereas the GSE44971 dataset was used to screen the differentially expressed genes between normal and tumor samples. Gene ontology, disease ontology, and gene set enrichment analysis enrichment analyses were performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of differentially expressed genes in the tumor. Combined with methylation data in the GSE44684 dataset, we further analyzed the correlation between methylation and gene expression levels. Two algorithms, LASSO and SVM-RFE, were used to select the hub genes of the tumor. The diagnostic value of the hub genes was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Finally, we further evaluated the relationship between the hub gene and the tumor microenvironment and immune gene sets. Overall, 650 children from 18 provinces in China were included in this study. The male-to-female ratio was 1.41:1, and the number of patients reached a peak in the 10-15-year-old group (41.4%).The most common symptoms we encountered in our institute were headache and dizziness 250 (28.2%), and nausea and vomiting 228 (25.7%). The predominant location is supratentorial, with a supratentorial to infratentorial ratio of 1.74:1. Low-grade tumors (WHO I/II) constituted 60.9% of all cases and were predominant in every age group. According to basic classification, the most common tumor subtype is pilocytic astrocytoma (PA). A total of 3264 differentially expressed genes were identified in the GSE44971 dataset, which are mainly involved in the process of neural signal transduction, immunity, and some diseases. Correlation analysis indicated that the expression of 45 differentially expressed genes was negatively correlated with promoter DNA methylation. Next, we acquired five hub genes (NCKAP1L, GPR37L1, CSPG4, PPFIA4, and C8orf46) from the 45 differentially expressed genes by intersecting the LASSO and SVM-RFE models. The ROC analysis revealed that the five hub genes had good diagnostic value for patients with PA (AUC > 0.99). Furthermore, the expression of NCKAP1L was negatively correlated with immune, stromal, and estimated scores, and positively correlated with immune gene sets. This study, based on the data analysis of intracranial tumors in children in a single center over the past 10 years, reflected the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of intracranial tumors in children in Northwest China to a certain extent. PA is considered the most common subtype of intracranial tumors in children. Through bioinformatics analysis, we suggested that NCKAP1L, GPR37L1, CSPG4, PPFIA4, and C8orf46 are potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yibin Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yuqin Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, PLA 163Rd Hospital (Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Enming Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Huijun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiayou Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaosheng He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China.
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International patterns and trends of childhood and adolescent cancer, 1978-2012. JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER CENTER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jncc.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Pulcini CD, Lentz S, Saladino RA, Bounds R, Herrington R, Michaels MG, Maurer SH. Emergency management of fever and neutropenia in children with cancer: A review. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 50:693-698. [PMID: 34879488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Care of pediatric cancer patients is increasingly being provided by physicians in community settings, including general emergency departments. Guidelines based on current evidence have standardized the care of children undergoing chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) presenting with fever and neutropenia (FN). OBJECTIVE This narrative review evaluates the management of pediatric patients with cancer and neutropenic fever and provides comparison with the care of the adult with neutropenic fever in the emergency department. DISCUSSION When children with cancer and FN first present for care, stratification of risk is based on a thorough history and physical examination, baseline laboratory and radiologic studies and the clinical condition of the patient, much like that for the adult patient. Prompt evaluation and initiation of intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics after cultures are drawn but before other studies are resulted is critically important and may represent a practice difference for some emergency physicians when compared with standardized adult care. Unlike adults, all high-risk and most low-risk children with FN undergoing chemotherapy require admission for parenteral antibiotics and monitoring. Oral antibiotic therapy with close, structured outpatient monitoring may be considered only for certain low-risk patients at pediatric centers equipped to pursue this treatment strategy. CONCLUSIONS Although there are many similarities between the emergency approach to FN in children and adults with cancer, there are differences that every emergency physician should know. This review provides strategies to optimize the care of FN in children with cancer in all emergency practice settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Pulcini
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery and Pediatrics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America.
| | - Skyler Lentz
- Division of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Department of Surgery and Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Richard A Saladino
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
| | - Richard Bounds
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America.
| | - Ramsey Herrington
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America.
| | - Marian G Michaels
- Division of Infectious Diseases, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
| | - Scott H Maurer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
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Aggarwal P, Kumar I, Rao SK, Pradhap K, Gupta V. Factors Affecting Short-Term Outcome of Critically Ill Children with Malignancies Admitted in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Observational Study. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction Pediatric cancer contributes <1% of all malignancies. Childhood cancer survival has improved dramatically with the use of more intensive chemotherapy regimens, better stratification, and improvement in supportive care with enhanced facilities in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).
Objective The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors responsible for poor outcome in critically ill children with malignancies admitted in PICU.
Materials and Methods Sixty-four children with a primary diagnosis of malignancy admitted in PICU with disease or treatment related complications were enrolled retrospectively. The short-term outcome, that is, shifting from PICU to ward, was assessed in relation to the presence of febrile neutropenia, organ failure, hepatitis, acute renal failure as well as requirement of inotropes and mechanical ventilation. Death was considered as an adverse outcome in this study.
Results The mean age of study population was 6.25 ± 3.91 and M:F ratio 2.4:1. The majority of children had hematological malignancies (81.25%), that is, pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (45.3%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (21.3%), acute myeloid leukemia (12.5%), T ALL (10.9%), and Hodgkin lymphoma (3.1%). Few children also had retinoblastoma (4.7%) and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (1.6%). The mean duration of PICU stay was 3.16 ± 2.31 days. Sepsis (37.5%) was the most common indication for PICU admission, followed by metabolic disturbance (26.6%), respiratory failure (17.2%), neurological complaints (15.6%), and anaphylactic shock (3.1%). Children requiring mechanical ventilation (p < 0.001), inotrope support (p < 0.001), having acute renal failure (p = 0.001), and >1 organ failure (p < 0.001) were associated with adverse outcome. The overall survival at the time of discharge from PICU was 64%.
Conclusion In the context of low- and middle-income countries, optimal resource utilization by early identification of risk factors for clinical deterioration is required to allow timely admission to PICU and delivery of life-saving therapy to salvageable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Aggarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ishan Kumar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Intensive Care and Pulmonology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Pradhap
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Intensive Care and Pulmonology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vineeta Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Barroca H. Pediatric Small Round Blue Cell Tumors: Cytopathological Puzzle or an Intriguing Scientific Window? Acta Cytol 2021; 66:319-335. [PMID: 34289477 DOI: 10.1159/000517167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small round blue cell tumors or more commonly called small round cell tumors (SRCTs) are undifferentiated neoplasms, sharing an overlapping morphological pattern of small round blue cells. Diagnosing these tumors represents a complex challenge for cytopathologists and for general surgical pathologist alike. This stems from the fact that these tumors share not only similar morphological features, but also some immunophenotypic characteristics, thus requiring a broad panel of antibodies, which might not be included in the most basic immunohistochemistry panels, used in the routine work of most pathology laboratories. Furthermore, one should note that the diagnosis, prognosis, and/or therapeutic decision are often dependent on the knowledge of the existence of specific molecular alterations, which requires access to sophisticated molecular ancillary techniques. Cytological diagnosis of SRCT should be systematized. A thorough understanding of the morphological pattern of these tumors, the small details they entail, the background and cellular patterns, and the nuclear and cytoplasmic peculiarities, may hint to the most probable diagnosis. Minor clues, such as the presence of a fibrillar background, the presence of rosettes or a specific "salt and pepper" chromatin, are important clues toward a probable diagnosis of a neuroblastoma, or the presence of a tigroid background is a characteristic of rhabdomyosarcoma and the Ewing family tumors. However, in poorly differentiated tumors, morphology alone will not suffice, making it essential for the access to complementary diagnostic techniques in order to reach the final diagnosis. Summary and Key Messages: The cytological diagnosis and treatment of SRCTs require an experienced, well-articulated, proficient teamwork, and sophisticated complementary diagnostic techniques, only available in centers of reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Barroca
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Centro Hospitalar de S João, Porto, Portugal
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Wen YF, Chen MX, Yin G, Lin R, Zhong YJ, Dong QQ, Wong HM. The global, regional, and national burden of cancer among adolescents and young adults in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a population-based study. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:89. [PMID: 34108026 PMCID: PMC8191013 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate appraisal of burden of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) cancers is crucial to informing resource allocation and policy making. We report on the latest estimates of burden of AYA cancers in 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2019 in association with socio-demographic index (SDI). PATIENTS AND METHODS Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019 were used to analyse incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to AYA cancers at global, regional, and national levels by sex. Association between AYA cancer burden and SDI were investigated. Burdens of AYA cancers were contextualized in comparison with childhood and older adult cancers. All estimates are reported as counts and age-standardized rates per 100,000 person-years. RESULTS In 2019, there were 1.2 million incident cases, 0.4 million deaths, and 23.5 million DALYs due to AYA cancers globally. The highest age-standardized incidence rate occurred in Western Europe (75.3 [Females] and 67.4 [Males] per 100,000 person-years). Age-standardized death (23.2 [Females] and 13.9 [Males] per 100,000 person-years) and DALY (1328.3 [Females] and 1059.2 [Males] per 100,000 person-years) rates were highest in Oceania. Increasing SDI was associated with a higher age-standardized incidence rate. An inverted U-shaped association was identified between SDI and death and DALY rates. AYA cancers collectively is the second leading cause of non-communicable diseases-related deaths globally in 2019. DALYs of AYA cancers ranked the second globally and the first in low and low-middle SDI locations when compared with that of childhood and older adult cancers. CONCLUSION The global burden of AYA cancers is substantial and disproportionally affect populations in limited-resource settings. Capacity building for AYA cancers is essential in promoting equity and population health worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Feng Wen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Xuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guosheng Yin
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Ruitao Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Yu Jie Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Qian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai Ming Wong
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
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Girardi F, Rous B, Stiller CA, Gatta G, Fersht N, Storm HH, Rodrigues JR, Herrmann C, Marcos-Gragera R, Peris-Bonet R, Valkov M, Weir HK, Woods RR, You H, Cueva PA, De P, Di Carlo V, Johannesen TB, Lima CA, Lynch CF, Coleman MP, Allemani C. The histology of brain tumours for 67,331 children and 671,085 adults diagnosed in 60 countries during 2000-2014: a global, population-based study (CONCORD-3). Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:1765-1776. [PMID: 33738488 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Global variations in survival for brain tumours are very wide when all histological types are considered together. Appraisal of international differences should be informed by the distribution of histology, but little is known beyond Europe and North America. PATIENTS AND METHODS The source for the analysis was the CONCORD data base, a programme of global surveillance of cancer survival trends, which includes the tumour records of individual patients from more than 300 population-based cancer registries. We considered all patients aged 0-99 years who were diagnosed with a primary brain tumour during 2000-2014, whether malignant or non-malignant. We presented the histology distribution of these tumours, for patients diagnosed during 2000-2004, 2005-2009, and 2010-2014. RESULTS Records were submitted from 60 countries on five continents, 67,331 for children and 671,085 for adults. After exclusion of irrelevant morphology codes, the final study population comprised 60,783 children and 602,112 adults. Only 59 of 60 countries covered in CONCORD-3 were included, because none of the Mexican records were eligible. We defined 12 histology groups for children, and 11 histology groups for adults. In children (0-14 years), the proportion of low-grade astrocytomas ranged between 6% and 50%. Medulloblastoma was the most common sub-type in countries where low-grade astrocytoma was less commonly reported. In adults (15-99 years), the proportion of glioblastomas varied between 9% and 69%. International comparisons were made difficult by wide differences in the proportion of tumours with unspecified histology, which accounted for up to 52% of diagnoses in children and up to 65% in adults. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first account of the global histology distribution of brain tumours, in children and adults. Our findings provide insights into the practices and the quality of cancer registration worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Girardi
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Brian Rous
- National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles A Stiller
- National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Gatta
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Naomi Fersht
- Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mikhail Valkov
- Arkhangelsk Regional Cancer Registry, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | - Hannah K Weir
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
| | - Ryan R Woods
- British Columbia Cancer Registry, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hui You
- New South Wales Cancer Registry, Alexandria, Australia
| | | | | | - Veronica Di Carlo
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carlos A Lima
- Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional de Aracaju, Aracaju, Brazil
| | | | - Michel P Coleman
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Allemani
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Ghafoor S, Fan K, Williams S, Brown A, Bowman S, Pettit KL, Gorantla S, Quillivan R, Schwartzberg S, Curry A, Parkhurst L, James M, Smith J, Canavera K, Elliott A, Frett M, Trone D, Butrum-Sullivan J, Barger C, Lorino M, Mazur J, Dodson M, Melancon M, Hall LA, Rains J, Avent Y, Burlison J, Wang F, Pan H, Lenk MA, Morrison RR, Kudchadkar SR. Beginning Restorative Activities Very Early: Implementation of an Early Mobility Initiative in a Pediatric Onco-Critical Care Unit. Front Oncol 2021; 11:645716. [PMID: 33763377 PMCID: PMC7982584 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.645716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Children with underlying oncologic and hematologic diseases who require critical care services have unique risk factors for developing functional impairments from pediatric post-intensive care syndrome (PICS-p). Early mobilization and rehabilitation programs offer a promising approach for mitigating the effects of PICS-p in oncology patients but have not yet been studied in this high-risk population. Methods We describe the development and feasibility of implementing an early mobility quality improvement initiative in a dedicated pediatric onco-critical care unit. Our primary outcomes include the percentage of patients with consults for rehabilitation services within 72 h of admission, the percentage of patients who are mobilized within 72 h of admission, and the percentage of patients with a positive delirium screen after 48 h of admission. Results Between January 2019 and June 2020, we significantly increased the proportion of patients with consults ordered for rehabilitation services within 72 h of admission from 25 to 56% (p<0.001), increased the percentage of patients who were mobilized within 72 h of admission to the intensive care unit from 21 to 30% (p=0.02), and observed a decrease in patients with positive delirium screens from 43 to 37% (p=0.46). The early mobility initiative was not associated with an increase in unplanned extubations, unintentional removal of central venous catheters, or injury to patient or staff. Conclusions Our experience supports the safety and feasibility of early mobility initiatives in pediatric onco-critical care. Additional evaluation is needed to determine the effects of early mobilization on patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Ghafoor
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Kimberly Fan
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Sarah Williams
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Amanda Brown
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Sarah Bowman
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Kenneth L Pettit
- Office of Quality and Patient Care, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Shilpa Gorantla
- Office of Quality and Patient Care, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Rebecca Quillivan
- Office of Quality and Patient Care, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Sarah Schwartzberg
- Department of Rehabilitation Services, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Amanda Curry
- Department of Rehabilitation Services, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Lucy Parkhurst
- Department of Rehabilitation Services, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Marshay James
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jennifer Smith
- Department of Child Life, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Kristin Canavera
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Andrew Elliott
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Michael Frett
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Deni Trone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jacqueline Butrum-Sullivan
- Department Critical Care/Pulmonary Medicine-Respiratory Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Cynthia Barger
- Department of Inpatient Units-Nursing, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Mary Lorino
- Department of Inpatient Units-Nursing, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jennifer Mazur
- Department of Nursing Administration- Nursing Education, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Mandi Dodson
- Department of Nursing Administration- Nursing Education, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Morgan Melancon
- Department of Nursing Administration- Nursing Education, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Leigh Anne Hall
- Department of Inpatient Units-Nursing, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jason Rains
- Department Critical Care/Pulmonary Medicine-Respiratory Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Yvonne Avent
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jonathan Burlison
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences- Patient Safety, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Haitao Pan
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Mary Anne Lenk
- Department of Quality Improvement Education and Training, Cincinnati Children's Hospital- James M. Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - R Ray Morrison
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Sapna R Kudchadkar
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Williams LA, Hubbard AK, Scheurer ME, Spector LG, Poynter JN. Trends in paediatric central nervous system tumour incidence by global region from 1988 to 2012. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:116-127. [PMID: 33221912 PMCID: PMC7938516 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central nervous system (CNS) tumours comprise 20% of childhood cancers worldwide. Whether childhood CNS tumour incidence has increased over time across geographic regions remains to be explored. METHODS We identified CNS cancers in the Cancer in Five Continents (CI5) data and estimated age standardized incidence rates (ASRs; cases/million children) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), male-to-female incidence rate ratios (IRR; 95% CI) and average annual percent change in incidence (AAPC; 95% CI) by geographic region for children aged 0-19 years where data were available using Poisson regression and generalized estimating equations (GEE). Cancers included: astrocytic tumours, medulloblastoma, ependymal, oligodendroglial and mixed glioma, glioma of uncertain origin, and other embryonal tumours. Geographic regions were defined using the United Nations geoscheme. RESULTS There were 56 468 CNS cancers included in the study. ASRs were highest for astrocytic tumours globally in 2012 (ASR: 5.83; 95% CI: 5.68-5.99). Globally, all cancers exhibited a male excess in incidence. Regionally, only medulloblastoma had a consistently elevated male-to-female IRR at 1.4-2.2. Globally, incidence decreased for astrocytic tumours in GEE models (AAPC: -1.66; 95% CI: -3.04 to -0.26) and increased for medulloblastoma (AAPC 0.66; 95% CI: 0.19-1.14), ependymal tumours (AAPC: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.49; 95%: 0.69-2.30), glioma of uncertain origin (AAPC: 4.76; 95% CI: 1.17-1.14) and other embryonal tumours (AAPC: 3.58; 95% CI: 2.03-5.15). Regional variation in incidence trends was observed. Countries moving from lower to higher Human Development Index (HDI) over time did not appear to drive observed incidence trends. CONCLUSIONS Epidemiologic and molecular studies on underlying mechanisms for changes in the global incidence of CNS tumours are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Williams
- Division of Epidemiology & Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Aubrey K Hubbard
- Division of Epidemiology & Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael E Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Logan G Spector
- Division of Epidemiology & Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jenny N Poynter
- Division of Epidemiology & Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Supporting the Needs of Adolescents and Young Adults: Integrated Palliative Care and Psychiatry Clinic for Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040770. [PMID: 33673202 PMCID: PMC7918814 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer experience a high level of distress and have unique unmet palliative and supportive care needs. There is limited knowledge about the symptom burden, quality of life, and type of care that AYA patients receive. In 2017, a dedicated AYA-specialized palliative care clinic was established at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre in Canada, with a collaborative approach between palliative care and psychiatry. This study aims to describe the demographics and symptoms burden of AYA cancer patients who attended the integrated palliative care and psychiatry clinic, measure the impact of the clinic on AYAs’ symptom control, and examine their end-of-life outcomes. Abstract Clinical guidelines aimed at cancer care for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) encourage early integration of palliative care, yet there are scarce data to support these recommendations. We conducted a retrospective chart review of AYA patients, aged 15 to 39 years, who were referred to the Integrated AYA Palliative Care and Psychiatry Clinic (IAPCPC) at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre between May 2017 and November 2019 (n = 69). Demographic data, symptom prevalence, change in symptom scores between baseline consultation and first follow-up, and intensity of end-of-life care were collected from the patients’ medical charts, analyzed, and reported. Of the 69 patients, 59% were female, and sarcoma was the most common cancer. A majority of patients had at least one symptom scored as moderate to severe; tiredness, pain, and sleep problems were the highest scored symptoms. More than one-third used medical cannabis to manage their symptoms. Symptom scores improved in 61% after the first clinic visit. Out of the 69 patients, 50 (72.5%) had died by October 2020, with a median time between the initial clinic referral and death of 5 months (range 1–32). Three patients (6%) received chemotherapy, and eight (16%) were admitted to an intensive care unit during the last month of life. In conclusion, AYAs with advanced cancer have a high burden of palliative and psychosocial symptoms. Creating a specialized AYA palliative care clinic integrated with psychiatry showed promising results in improving symptom scores and end-of-life planning.
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Mashiach J, Zohni K, Lopez L, Filice M, Garcia M, Wyse B, Glass K, Dviri M, Baram S, Gauthier-Fisher A, Librach CL. Human umbilical cord perivascular cells prevent chemotherapeutic drug-induced male infertility in a mouse model. F&S SCIENCE 2021; 2:24-32. [PMID: 35559762 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study whether intratesticular (IT) administration of 2 sources of human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVC), rich and potent sources of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), before chemotherapy can prevent infertility in a mouse model. DESIGN Two control groups of CD1 male mice without busulfan (BUS) administration (untreated and IT media injection groups) were included. Experimental groups included IT administration of media, first trimester (FTM) HUCPVCs or term HUCPVCs (n = 5 each) injected 3 days before BUS treatment (20 mg/kg). All groups were included in a mating time course study over 6 months. SETTING Preclinical study in a fertility center research laboratory. PATIENTS Not applicable. INTERVENTION IT delivery of FTM or term HUCPVC before BUS treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pregnancies, litter sizes, and gross morphology of offspring were monitored. Caudal epididymal sperm concentration, motility, and progressive motility were assessed by computer-assisted sperm analysis. Spermatogenesis was also assessed histologically in testicular tissue sections. RESULTS FTM and term HUCPVC displayed an MSC-associated immunophenotype and expressed transcripts encoding paracrine factors known to regulate the testicular cell niche. IT administration of FTM and term HUCPVC before chemotherapy promoted the recovery of spermatogenesis and fertility compared with BUS-treated animals that received a media injection. Although the total number of pups sired over 6 months by males treated with FTM or term HUCPVC was reduced compared with untreated or media-injected controls, litter size and sperm parameters in fertile animals did not differ between control and cell-treated groups. CONCLUSION HUCPVC represent a promising source of MSC-based therapy to prevent gonadotoxic chemotherapeutic drug-induced infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaled Zohni
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Heartland Fertility and Gynecology clinic, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Karen Glass
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michal Dviri
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shira Baram
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | | | - Clifford L Librach
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Physiology University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Gynecology, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Persano G, Crocoli A, De Pasquale MD, Cozza R, Alaggio R, Diomedi Camassei F, Beati F, Di Paolo P, Martucci C, Inserra A. Burned-Out Testicular Tumors in Adolescents: Clinical Aspects and Outcome. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:688021. [PMID: 34513760 PMCID: PMC8424195 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.688021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Testicular germ cell tumors are the fourth most common neoplasm in adolescents, accounting for 8% of all tumors in the age group 15-19 years. On rare instances, the primary testicular lesion is not clinically or radiologically evident while nodal or visceral metastases represent the clinical manifestations of the disease. This phenomenon is described as "burned-out testicular tumor." In this paper, the authors report a single-institution experience with burned-out testicular tumors in adolescents and discuss their clinical implications. Patients and Methods: All the patients diagnosed with metastatic testicular germ cell tumors at Bambino Gesù Children Hospital between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2020, were included in the study. Patients were categorized into two groups: "primary testicular" and "burned out." All the patients were staged and treated according to the AIEOP-TCGM 2004 protocol. Results: Eleven patients were classified as "primary testicular," and five patients were classified as "burned out." "Burned-out" tumors were associated with the presence of systemic symptoms compared to "primary testicular" tumors (80 vs. 0%; p = 0.0027) and higher aFP, hCG, and LDH levels (p < 0.00001). The "burned-out" population had a statistically significant higher incidence of relevant toxicity than the "primary testicular" population (80 vs. 18%; p = 0.0357) and a worse outcome in terms of both mean overall survival (15 vs. 43 months; p = 0.0299) and mean event-free survival (12 vs. 38 months; p = 0.0164). Conclusion: "Burned-out" testicular tumors seem to be a well-distinct clinical entity with a high treatment-related toxicity and poor prognosis. Further studies are needed to clarify the "burned-out phenomenon" and to identify more effective therapeutic strategies for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Persano
- Surgical Oncology-General and Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Crocoli
- Surgical Oncology-General and Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Debora De Pasquale
- Oncohematology Unit, Department of Oncohematology and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Cozza
- Oncohematology Unit, Department of Oncohematology and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Alaggio
- Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Federico Beati
- Surgical Oncology-General and Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Di Paolo
- Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Martucci
- Surgical Oncology-General and Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Inserra
- Surgical Oncology-General and Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Hoffmann IL, Cardinalli IA, Yunes JA, Seidinger AL, Pereira RM. CLINICAL, DEMOGRAPHIC, ANATOMOPATHOLOGICAL, AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS IN PATIENTS WITH MEDULLOBLASTOMA TREATED IN A SINGLE HEALTH FACILITY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 39:e2019298. [PMID: 33206839 PMCID: PMC7669220 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2021/39/2019298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To describe the clinical, demographic, anatomopathological, molecular, and
survival characteristics of patients with medulloblastoma. Methods: Retrospective study based on patient information obtained from the review of
medical records. Overall and event-free survival were analyzed using the
Kaplan-Meier estimator, and the curves were compared by the log-rank
test. Results: Among the patients investigated, 70 were male (66%), and age at diagnosis
ranged from 2 months to 22 years. The most frequent signs and symptoms were
headache (80.8%) and vomiting (75.8%). Regarding treatment, most patients
(63.2%) underwent complete surgical resection, with a predominance of
classic histology (63.2%). The 5-year overall survival rate was 67.9%, and
the 10-year rate was 64.2%. Patients with molecular profile characteristic
of the wingless (WNT) subgroup had a better prognosis, with 5-year overall
survival of 75%. Conclusions: The clinical, demographic, anatomopathological, and molecular
characteristics of patients with medulloblastoma described in the present
study were mostly similar to those reported in the literature. Patients
submitted to complete tumor resection had better clinical outcomes than
those who underwent incomplete resection/biopsy. Patients classified as
high-risk showed worse overall and event-free survival than those in the
standard-risk group, and the presence of metastasis at diagnosis was
associated with recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Loureiro Hoffmann
- Centro Infantil de Investigações Hematológicas Dr. Domingos A. Boldrini, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - José Andrés Yunes
- Centro Infantil de Investigações Hematológicas Dr. Domingos A. Boldrini, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Seidinger
- Centro Infantil de Investigações Hematológicas Dr. Domingos A. Boldrini, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Aznab M, Khajevand Ahmady M, Jamshidi K, Madani SH, Khazaei S, Shoushtaryzadeh T, Bagheri A. Investigating the Relationship between of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and HER-2neu in IHC Staining with Metastasis and Mortality in Patients with Osteosarcoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:3005-3009. [PMID: 33112560 PMCID: PMC7798143 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.10.3005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The expression of HER-2neu and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with osteosarcoma may determine the response to treatment. These two factors are likely to be effective in cancer progression. This study aimed at investigating the prevalence of these two factors in the pathological samples. Methods: Pathological samples of patients with osteosarcoma collected at a cancer surgery center between 2017 and 2018 were evaluated, of which 37 samples were included. The samples were evaluated using the IHC technique by two pathologists. Results: 12 women and 25 men with an average age of 26.7 years were studied. 21 patients (56.8%) developed metastases from the beginning or during follow-up, whereas 16 patients (43.2%) have not yet developed metastases. Regarding HER-2neu, 21 patients (56.8%) scored 0, 9 patients (24.3%) scored 1, 3 patients (8.1%) scored +2, and 4 patients (10.8%) scored +3. The VEGF intensity scores of 0, 1+, 2+, +3, +4 and were found in 7 (18.9%), 2 (5.4%), 18 (48.6%), 8 (21.6%), and 2 (5.4%) patients, respectively. The results of the study did not show a significant relationship between age, gender, metastasis, and positive expression rates of HER-2neu and VEGF. Conclusion: The high expression of VEGF (75.7%) in the studied samples should be considered and further studies on this biomarker in cases with osteosarcoma are recommended from different aspects. To achieve validated results and prove the results of this study, similar studies with a larger sample size should be performed, and using targeted therapy for angiogenesis in large scale trials should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozaffar Aznab
- Internal Medicine Department, Talaghani Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Khodamrad Jamshidi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Madani
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sdigheh Khazaei
- Molecular Pathology Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Tina Shoushtaryzadeh
- Oncopathology Research Center and Hasheminejad Clinical Research Developing Center (HCRDC), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Bagheri
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cárceles-Álvarez A, Ortega-García JA, López-Hernández FA, Fuster-Soler JL, Sanz-Monllor A, Ramis R, Claudio L. Environment, lifestyle behavior and health-related quality of life in childhood and adolescent cancer survivors of extracranial malignancies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 189:109910. [PMID: 32980005 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood cancer is a chronic disease with high survival rates. Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) can still face health effects later in their lives. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the factors that modify it allow CCS and their families to improve care in the long-term follow-up. This study aims to: (1) examine the differences in HRQoL between CCS of extracranial malignancies and a comparison group, and (2) explore the clinical, environmental and lifestyles factors implicated in the HRQoL of CCS. METHODS In this cross-sectional study with a case vs. non-case comparison, the HRQoL of 117 CCS between 8 and 18 years old was compared with healthy non-cases paired by sex and age. The Pediatric Environmental History (PEHis) was applied to obtain information on sociodemographic, clinical, environmental and lifestyle factors. The PedsQL™ Generic Core Scales questionnaire was used to evaluate HRQoL. RESULTS In the multivariate analysis among the CCS, the following variables were significantly associated with HRQoL: Poor outdoor air quality (Total, Psychosocial, Emotional, Social and School domains); household income (Total, Psychosocial and School domains); and the presence of late effects (Total, Physical, Psychosocial, and Social domains); regular contact with nature (Physical domain); and the daily hours of screen-time (Emotional domain). CCS present HRQoL results superior to the non-cases group in the physical domain (86.10 vs. 80.34; p=0.001), finding no differences in the other domains evaluated. CONCLUSIONS An environmental and community health approach, such as PEHis, in CCS long-term programs promoting the creation of healthier environments and lifestyles contributes to improving their HRQoL and secondarily other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cárceles-Álvarez
- European and Latin American Environment, Survival and Childhood Cancer Network (ENSUCHICA), Spain; Pediatric Environmental Health Speciality Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Environment and Human Health (A5), Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Clinical University Hospital "Virgen de La Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan A Ortega-García
- European and Latin American Environment, Survival and Childhood Cancer Network (ENSUCHICA), Spain; Pediatric Environmental Health Speciality Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Environment and Human Health (A5), Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Clinical University Hospital "Virgen de La Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Fernando A López-Hernández
- European and Latin American Environment, Survival and Childhood Cancer Network (ENSUCHICA), Spain; Department of Quantitative Methods and Computing, Technical University of Cartagena, Spain
| | - José L Fuster-Soler
- European and Latin American Environment, Survival and Childhood Cancer Network (ENSUCHICA), Spain; Pediatric Onco-Hematology Section, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Clinical University Hospital "Virgen de La Arrixaca", Murcia, Spain
| | - Ainara Sanz-Monllor
- European and Latin American Environment, Survival and Childhood Cancer Network (ENSUCHICA), Spain; Pediatric Environmental Health Speciality Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Environment and Human Health (A5), Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Clinical University Hospital "Virgen de La Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rebeca Ramis
- European and Latin American Environment, Survival and Childhood Cancer Network (ENSUCHICA), Spain; Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Epidemiology Centre, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Luz Claudio
- European and Latin American Environment, Survival and Childhood Cancer Network (ENSUCHICA), Spain; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Division of International Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Saltsman JA, Hammond WJ, Narayan NJC, Requena D, Gehart H, Lalazar G, LaQuaglia MP, Clevers H, Simon S. A Human Organoid Model of Aggressive Hepatoblastoma for Disease Modeling and Drug Testing. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2668. [PMID: 32962010 PMCID: PMC7563272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is the most common childhood liver cancer. Although survival has improved significantly over the past few decades, there remains a group of children with aggressive disease who do not respond to current treatment regimens. There is a critical need for novel models to study aggressive hepatoblastoma as research to find new treatments is hampered by the small number of laboratory models of the disease. Organoids have emerged as robust models for many diseases, including cancer. We have generated and characterized a novel organoid model of aggressive hepatoblastoma directly from freshly resected patient tumors as a proof of concept for this approach. Hepatoblastoma tumor organoids recapitulate the key elements of patient tumors, including tumor architecture, mutational profile, gene expression patterns, and features of Wnt/β-catenin signaling that are hallmarks of hepatoblastoma pathophysiology. Tumor organoids were successfully used alongside non-tumor liver organoids from the same patient to perform a drug screen using twelve candidate compounds. One drug, JQ1, demonstrated increased destruction of liver organoids from hepatoblastoma tumor tissue relative to organoids from the adjacent non-tumor liver. Our findings suggest that hepatoblastoma organoids could be used for a variety of applications and have the potential to improve treatment options for the subset of hepatoblastoma patients who do not respond to existing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Saltsman
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (J.A.S.); (W.J.H.); (N.J.C.N.); (D.R.); (G.L.)
- Pediatric Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - William J. Hammond
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (J.A.S.); (W.J.H.); (N.J.C.N.); (D.R.); (G.L.)
- Pediatric Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Nicole J. C. Narayan
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (J.A.S.); (W.J.H.); (N.J.C.N.); (D.R.); (G.L.)
- Pediatric Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - David Requena
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (J.A.S.); (W.J.H.); (N.J.C.N.); (D.R.); (G.L.)
| | - Helmuth Gehart
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (H.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Gadi Lalazar
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (J.A.S.); (W.J.H.); (N.J.C.N.); (D.R.); (G.L.)
| | - Michael P. LaQuaglia
- Pediatric Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (H.G.); (H.C.)
- The Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanford Simon
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (J.A.S.); (W.J.H.); (N.J.C.N.); (D.R.); (G.L.)
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Reedijk AMJ, Coebergh JWW, de Groot-Kruseman HA, van der Sluis IM, Kremer LC, Karim-Kos HE, Pieters R. Progress against childhood and adolescent acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the Netherlands, 1990-2015. Leukemia 2020; 35:1001-1011. [PMID: 32820270 PMCID: PMC8024196 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the epidemiologic progress against childhood and adolescent acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in the Netherlands over a 26 year period. ALL patients <18 years were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry and the Dutch Childhood Oncology Group. Trend analyses were performed over time and by age group and ALL subtype. Between 1990 and 2015, 2997 ALL patients were diagnosed, i.e. 115 patients (range 87-147) per year. Overall incidence remained stable at 37 per million children, despite increases for B-cell precursor ALL (BCP-ALL) at age 10-14 years (AAPC + 1.4%, p = 0.04) and T-cell ALL at 15-17 years (AAPC + 3.7%, p = 0.01). Five-year survival increased from 80% in 1990-94 to 91% in 2010-15 (p < 0.01). Mortality decreased by 4% annually (p < 0.01). Patients 15-17 years were increasingly treated in a paediatric oncology centre, from 35% in 1990-94 to 87% in 2010-15 and experienced a 70% reduction of risk of death compared to those treated outside such a centre (p < 0.01). Significant progress against childhood ALL has been made in the Netherlands, visible by improved survival rates coinciding with declining mortality rates. These outcomes were accompanied by stable incidence rates, despite increases for BCP-ALL at age 10-14 years and T-cell ALL at age 15-17 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Willem W Coebergh
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Leontien C Kremer
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henrike E Karim-Kos
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Rob Pieters
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Dutch Childhood Oncology Group, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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de Oliveira MM, E Silva DRM, Ramos FR, Curado MP. Children and adolescents cancer incidence, mortality and survival a population-based study in Midwest of Brazil. Cancer Epidemiol 2020; 68:101795. [PMID: 32818795 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify time trends in incidence, mortality and 5-year relative survival in children and adolescents with cancer in Goiania-Goias, Brazil, during the years of 1996-2012. METHODS Incidence and mortality age-standardized rates (ASR) were calculated, and trends were identified by determining the Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC). Five-year relative survival were estimated. RESULTS The overall incidence ASR (1996-2012) was 164.2/1,000,000 in both genders. In boys was 176.6/1,000,000, in girls it was 151.8/1,000,000. Overall mortality ASR for both gender were 69.3/1,000,000. Incidence rates (AAPC: -0.5; 95 %CI: -2.4;1.4) and mortality rates (AAPC: 0.0; 95 %CI: -2.6;2;7) were stable in the period. Five-year relative survival for all cancers were 63.9 %, with the highest survival rates for retinobastoma (83.5 %), germ cell tumors (79.8 %), and lymphomas (72.7 %). It was observed an increase in survival in the period from de 62.8 % (1996 a 2003) to 65.0 % from 2004 to 2012. CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescent cancer incidence and mortality rates were higher in Goiania, but both are stable overall. The relative survival slighly improved in the period but remained lower mainly for leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Moura de Oliveira
- Group of Epidemiology and Statistics on Cancer, International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Paula Curado
- Group of Epidemiology and Statistics on Cancer, International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Late mortality in survivors of childhood cancer in Hungary. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10761. [PMID: 32612167 PMCID: PMC7329824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hungarian Pediatric Oncology Network provides centralized treatment and population-based registration for cases of childhood cancer since 1973. We collected and analized data on late mortality, secondary malignancies and cardiac diseases in survivors (> 5 years) of childhood cancer to evaluate long-term risks. We extracted all solid tumour cases (3,650 followed up for 5–39.3 years, diagnosis: 1973–2008) from the database of the Hungarian Childhood Cancer Registry and checked against the Population Registry. Among the 301 patients who died after 5 years (8.2%) the most common causes of death were progression of primary cancer (52.5%), secondary malignancies (16%) and cardiovascular diseases (8%). Late mortality rates (SMR, total: 35,006 pyrs) showed highly elevated risk of death (SMR: 10.7 95% CI 9–12.4) for the second 5 years of follow up and moderately elevated risk for 10-year survivors (SMR: 3.5 95% CI 3–4.1). Marked differences were detected in the pattern of causes of death between diagnostic groups of primary cancer; with highest risks beyond 10 years for CNS tumours, Hodgkin disease, osteosarcoma and advanced stage neuroblastoma. The longstanding mortality risk for 5-year survivors underlines the need for tailored long-term follow-up and monitoring of late consequences according to the context of different primary diseases of childhood cancer.
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Reedijk AM, Kremer LC, Visser O, Lemmens V, Pieters R, Coebergh JWW, Karim-Kos HE. Increasing incidence of cancer and stage migration towards advanced disease in children and young adolescents in the Netherlands, 1990–2017. Eur J Cancer 2020; 134:115-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Loucaides EM, Fitchett EJA, Sullivan R, Atun R. Global public and philanthropic investment in childhood cancer research: systematic analysis of research funding, 2008-16. Lancet Oncol 2020; 20:e672-e684. [PMID: 31797794 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(19)30662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Childhood cancers caused an estimated 75 000 deaths in children aged 0-14 years in 2018, of which 90% were in low-income and middle-income countries, and yet this group is missing from global health agendas. We examined global patterns in public and philanthropic funding for childhood cancer research-a proxy for global research activity-to address the critical gaps in knowledge. We used data from the Dimensions database to systematically search for and analyse 3414 grants from 115 funders across 35 countries between 2008 and 2016, organised by funding source, recipient, tumour type, research focus, and pipeline categories, to investigate trends over time. During this period, global funding for childhood cancer research was US$2 billion, of which $772 million (37·9%) was for general childhood cancer, $449 million (22·0%) was for leukaemias, and $330 million (16·2%) was for CNS tumours. $1·6 billion (77·7%) of funding was awarded from, and to, institutions based in the USA. Preclinical research received $1·2 billion (59·3%), and around $525 million (25·7%) included support for clinical trials, but only $113 million (5·5%) supported health-care delivery research. Overall, funding was inadequate and geographically inequitable, and new commitments to funding have declined since 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth J A Fitchett
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Sullivan
- Institute of Cancer Policy, Conflict and Health Research Group, School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rifat Atun
- Department of Global Health and Population, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Sadykova LR, Ntekim AI, Muyangwa-Semenova M, Rutland CS, Jeyapalan JN, Blatt N, Rizvanov AA. Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Osteosarcoma. Cancer Invest 2020; 38:259-269. [PMID: 32400205 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2020.1768401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a rare tumor diagnosed at any age; however younger age is a common risk factor. In addition, multiple factors are believed to contribute to higher rates of osteosarcoma, particularly race and gender. Although diagnosed worldwide, osteosarcoma is found to be more prevalent in Africa with high numbers of cases reported in Nigeria, Uganda, and Sudan. Additionally, higher rates are detected in African Americans, suggesting a genetic predisposition linked to race. This review focuses on identifying high risk factors of osteosarcoma with an emphasis on sarcoma epidemiology and risk factors in African countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atara I Ntekim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Catrin S Rutland
- SVMS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jennie N Jeyapalan
- SVMS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nataliya Blatt
- SVMS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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Erdmann F, Frederiksen LE, Bonaventure A, Mader L, Hasle H, Robison LL, Winther JF. Childhood cancer: Survival, treatment modalities, late effects and improvements over time. Cancer Epidemiol 2020; 71:101733. [PMID: 32461035 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Since the 1960s, paediatric oncologists have gradually become better organised in large study groups and participation in clinical trials is today considered as the standard of care, with most children with cancer in Europe and North America being enrolled on available treatment protocols. Chemotherapy is nowadays the main element of therapy, but irradiation is still required for some patients. With the advent of multimodality therapy and supportive care, five-year cancer survival exceeds 80 % in most European and North American countries today. The substantial improvements in survival led to a constantly growing population of childhood cancer survivors. Concerns regarding the risk of late effects of the intensive cancer treatment at a young age, together with increasing numbers of survivors, have directed attention towards survivorship research. Survivors of childhood cancer are at longstanding risk of various severe somatic and mental health conditions attributable to the cancer and its treatment, as well as adverse social and socioeconomic consequences, and diminished psychological well-being and quality of life. It is, however, important to stress that some survivors have no or very mild adverse health conditions. Nevertheless, joint efforts are warranted for the care and long-term follow-up of childhood cancer patients. With this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of improvements in survival and treatment modalities over time, as well as the related somatic and mental late effects, and social and socioeconomic difficulties that these children might encounter later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Erdmann
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Denmark; German Childhood Cancer Registry, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany.
| | | | - Audrey Bonaventure
- Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer Team, Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics, University of Paris, UMR 1153 INSERM, France
| | - Luzius Mader
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Denmark; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Department of Paediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, United States
| | - Jeanette Falck Winther
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University and University Hospital, Denmark
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Bansal M. Otorhinolaryngology Malignancies in Children: A Case Series. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 72:443-447. [PMID: 33088772 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-01881-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Ear, nose and throat (E.N.T.) malignancies in children are rare and can have different characteristics than those occurring among adults. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve the survival rates. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of different E.N.T. malignant tumours in children and the way they presented so that they could be diagnosed early and managed efficiently in time. The other object of the study was to highlight the clinical, pathological, diagnostic and therapeutic features of E.N.T. malignancies in children which were of paramount importance in their effective management. Material and Methods This hospital-based observational study reports on the incidence of different E.N.T. malignancies in children seen over a period of 5 years in the Department of E.N.T. in a tertiary care medical college hospital. We studied 25 patients in this case series of paediatric E.N.T. malignancies. Results E.N.T. malignancies accounted for approximately 20% of all paediatric malignancies. We observed 17 (68%) cases of carcinoma while mesenchymal malignancies were seen in 8 (32%) cases. Mesenchymal tumours included rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and neuroblastoma etc. The nasopharynx and laryngopharynx were two of the commonest sites. Other less common sites were the parotid gland, nose and paranasal sinuses, tongue, oesophagus and larynx. Conclusion The E.N.T. malignancies in children are rare and constitutes 20% of all paediatric malignancies. Carcinoma was found more common (68%) than the sarcoma (32%). The nasopharynx and laryngopharynx were found to be the most common sites. They usually present with features that are common in benign illnesses thereby masking the serious nature of the disease. However, the awareness about these tumours and complete examination and early imaging studies and biopsy in suspected children can secure early diagnosis. Radiation therapy is commonly used either alone or with chemotherapy. Radiotherapy can also be given either before or after surgical excision. The pathological nature of the tumour and the time taken to start definite treatment determines the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Bansal
- Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Parul University, Waghodia, Vadodara, Limda, Gujarat India.,Anand, India
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Grabas MR, Kjaer SK, Frederiksen MH, Winther JF, Erdmann F, Dehlendorff C, Hargreave M. Incidence and time trends of childhood cancer in Denmark, 1943-2014. Acta Oncol 2020; 59:588-595. [PMID: 32048526 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2020.1725239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Surveillance of childhood cancer incidence is informative for etiologic research and health policy. However, high-quality data covering several decades of virtually complete cancer diagnosis in children is sparse.Methods: Incident cases of childhood cancer (0-19 years at diagnosis), classified according to Birch and Marsden's International Classification of Childhood Cancer, first edition (ICCC-1), were identified in the Danish Cancer Registry and used to calculate age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) separately for 1943-1977 (early period) and 1977-2014 (recent period).Results: During 1943-2014, 15,184 childhood cancer cases were reported. The ASR for any cancer was 13.0 per 100 000 person-years in the early period (EAPC 0.55%; 95% CI 0.30-0.80) and 17.7 per 100 000 person-years in the recent period (EAPC 1.16%; 95% CI 0.96-1.36). In both periods, the increasing trend was seen in both boys (EAPC 0.69%; 95% CI 0.43-0.96/EAPC 0.96%; 95% CI 0.75-1.17) and girls (EAPC 0.37%; 95% CI -0.01-0.75/EAPC 1.41%; 95% CI 1.11-1.72) and in children aged 0-14 years (EAPC 0.53%; 95% CI 0.26-0.80/EAPC 0.86%; 95% CI 0.64-1.08) and 15-19 years (EAPC 0.60%; 95% CI 0.19-1.02/EAPC 1.97%; 95% CI 1.67-2.28). Increasing trends were observed for all main diagnostic groups.Conclusions: The incidence of childhood cancer in Denmark has increased since the 1940s, especially since 1977 and in older children. In recent years the increase has been most pronounced among girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Ravn Grabas
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne K. Kjaer
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Hoffmann Frederiksen
- Department of Statistics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanette Falck Winther
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Friederike Erdmann
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Dehlendorff
- Department of Statistics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Hargreave
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Dennett
- Allied Health Clinical Research Office, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia; La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark R Elkins
- Editor, Journal of Physiotherapy; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Okada FK, Stumpp T, Miraglia SM. Carnitine Diminishes Etoposide Toxic Action on Spermatogonial Self-renewal and Sperm Production in Adult Rats Treated in the Prepubertal Phase. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:327-342. [PMID: 32228279 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420916274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate carnitine action against negative effects of etoposide on stem/progenitor spermatogonia and on sperm production. Carnitine (250 mg/kg body weight/day) and etoposide (5 mg/kg body weight/day) were administered from 25-days postpartum to 32-days postpartum. Testes were collected at 32-days postpartum, 64-days postpartum, and 127-days postpartum, and submitted to the immuno-labeling of UTF1, SOX2, and PLZF proteins to identify undifferentiated spermatogonia populations. At 127-days postpartum, sperm were collected for analysis. Carnitine+etoposide group showed a higher numerical density of spermatogonia labeled for all studied proteins at 64-days postpartum (critical age) compared to the etoposide group. Moreover, there was an improvement of spermatic parameters and sperm DNA integrity in rats of the carnitine+etoposide group in comparison with rats of the etoposide group. The results suggest that carnitine improves the self-renewal of undifferentiated spermatogonia and promotes a partial protection on them, alleviating the etoposide harmful late effects and leading to an enhancement of the sperm parameters in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Kazue Okada
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taiza Stumpp
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Miraglia
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Matthews CR, Hess PJ. Thirty-three, zero, nine. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 160:871-875. [PMID: 32241610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.01.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb R Matthews
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind.
| | - Phillip J Hess
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind
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Tiusanen T, Hukkinen M, Leskinen O, Soini T, Kanerva JA, Jahnukainen T, Mäkisalo H, Heikinheimo M, Pakarinen MP. Incidence and long-term outcomes of surgically treated childhood hepatic malignancies in Finland. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:404-414. [PMID: 31350767 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyse incidence, treatment and outcomes of paediatric liver malignancies in Finland during 1987-2017. METHODS Medical records and national cancer registry data of 47 children with liver malignancies were reviewed. Survival was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS During follow-up, liver malignancy incidence remained stable at 1.1:106 . Altogether, 42 patients with hepatoblastoma (n = 24), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 11) and undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma (n = 7) underwent surgery at median age 4.6 (interquartile range, 2.0-9.6) years and were followed up for 13 (7.0-19) years. Cumulative 5-year survival was 86% for hepatoblastoma, 41% for hepatocellular carcinoma and 67% for undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma. Five-year survival was decreased among hepatoblastoma patients aged ≥ 2.4 years (73% versus 100%, P = .040), with PRETreatment EXTent of disease IV (PRETEXT, 60% vs 100%, P = .004), and with recurrent disease (67% vs 88%, P = .029). Recurrent/residual disease associated with decreased 5-year survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (0% vs 83%, P = .028). Survival was similar among 19 transplanted and 23 resected patients. In total, 14 deaths occurred either for the underlying malignancy (n = 8), adverse effects of chemotherapy (n = 5) or unrelated reasons (n = 1). CONCLUSION Outcomes for PRETEXT I-III hepatoblastoma and un-metastasized hepatocellular carcinoma were encouraging. Adverse effects of chemotherapy significantly contributed to mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toivo Tiusanen
- Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group Children's Hospital Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Pediatric Research Center Children's Hospital Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Maria Hukkinen
- Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group Children's Hospital Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Pediatric Research Center Children's Hospital Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Section of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Outi Leskinen
- HUS Medical Imaging Center Children's Hospital Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Tea Soini
- Pediatric Research Center Children's Hospital Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Jukka A. Kanerva
- Pediatric Research Center Children's Hospital Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Timo Jahnukainen
- Pediatric Research Center Children's Hospital Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation Children's Hospital Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Heikki Mäkisalo
- Department of Liver and Transplantation Surgery University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Markku Heikinheimo
- Pediatric Research Center Children's Hospital Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Pediatrics Washington University St. Louis MO USA
| | - Mikko P. Pakarinen
- Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group Children's Hospital Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Pediatric Research Center Children's Hospital Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Section of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
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