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Alashmali S. Nutritional roles and therapeutic potentials of dietary sphingomyelin in brain diseases. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2024; 74:185-191. [PMID: 38799143 PMCID: PMC11111474 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids have recently gained interest as potential players in variety of diseases due to their import roles in human body particularly, the brain. As sphingomyelin is the most common type of sphingolipids, deficits in its distribution to brain cells may contribute to neurological anomalies. However, data is limited regarding the impact of different levels of dietary sphingomyelin intake on neural function especially if this approach can boost cognition and prevent neurological disorders. This review evaluates the effect of dietary sphingomyelin and its metabolites (ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate) in animal models and in humans, with a primary focus on its impact on brain health. Additionally, it proposes multiple neuroenhancing effects of sphingomyelin-rich diet. This presents an opportunity to stimulate further research that aims to determine the therapeutic value of dietary sphingomyelin in preventing, improving or slowing the progression of central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoug Alashmali
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Rafieipoor A, Torkaman M, Azaryan F, Tavakoli A, Mohammadian MK, Kohansal A, Shafaei H, Mirzaee P, Motiee Bijarpasi Z, Bahmani P, Khosravi M, Doaei S, Gholamalizadeh M. Effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for pruritus in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1328469. [PMID: 38347960 PMCID: PMC10860752 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1328469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) frequently experience the chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP). Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of omega-3 supplementation in the management of CKD-aP in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods In this triple blind, randomized clinical trial, the effect of the omega-3 supplement on uremic CKD-aP was assessed in 112 chronic hemodialysis patients at Caspian Hemodialysis Center in Rasht, Iran. Patients were randomly divided into the intervention group receiving omega-3 supplements (3 g/day) and the control group receiving placebo containing MCT oil for 2 months. Results Omega-3 supplementation had no effect on CKD-aP. The results did not change after adjusting for age and sex, additional adjustments for weight, height, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol use, additional adjustments for underlying diseases and weight, height, physical activity, smoking, and drinking alcohol, and further adjustments for underlying diseases and biochemical indices. Discussion Omega-3 supplementation for 2 months had no effect on CKD-aP in patients with CKD. Further studies with longer duration are warranted. Clinical Trial Registration https://www.irct.ir/trial/66638, IRCT20151226025699N6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Rafieipoor
- Master of Nursing, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran
| | - Mahdie Torkaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azaryan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Aryan Tavakoli
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Atefeh Kohansal
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Shafaei
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Pouya Mirzaee
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Parsa Bahmani
- Department of Nutrition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Khosravi
- Urology Research Center, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Astore C, Gibson G. Integrative polygenic analysis of the protective effects of fatty acid metabolism on disease as modified by obesity. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1308622. [PMID: 38303904 PMCID: PMC10832455 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1308622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolites can play a crucial role in the progression of complex diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, digestive diseases, and metabolic diseases. Metabolites can have either protective or risk effects on a disease; however, the details of such associations remain contentious. In this study, we demonstrate an integrative PheWAS approach to establish high confidence, causally suggestive of metabolite-disease associations for three fatty acid metabolites, namely, omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, and docosahexaenoic acid, for 1,254 disease endpoints. Metabolite-disease associations were established if there was a concordant direction of effect and significance for metabolite level and genetic risk score for the metabolite. There was enrichment for metabolite associations with diseases of the respiratory system for omega-3 fatty acids, diseases of the circulatory system and endocrine system for omega-6 fatty acids, and diseases of the digestive system for docosahexaenoic acid. Upon performing Mendelian randomization on a subset of the outcomes, we identified 3, 6, and 15 significant diseases associated with omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, and docosahexaenoic acid, respectively. We then demonstrate a class of prevalence-risk relationships indicative of (de)canalization of disease under high and low fatty acid metabolite levels. Finally, we show that the interaction between the metabolites and obesity demonstrates that the degree of protection afforded by fatty acid metabolites is strongly modulated by underlying metabolic health. This study evaluated the disease architectures of three polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which were validated by several PheWAS modes of support. Our results not only highlight specific diseases associated with each metabolite but also disease group enrichments. In addition, we demonstrate an integrative PheWAS methodology that can be applied to other components of the human metabolome or other traits of interest. The results of this study can be used as an atlas to cross-compare genetic with non-genetic disease associations for the three PUFAs investigated. The findings can be explored through our R shiny app at https://pufa.biosci.gatech.edu.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greg Gibson
- Center for Integrative Genomics and School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Cliffe FE, Madden C, Costello P, Devitt S, Mukkunda SR, Keshava BB, Fearnhead HO, Vitkauskaite A, Dehkordi MH, Chingwaru W, Przyjalgowski M, Rebrova N, Lyons M. WITHDRAWN: Mera: A scalable high throughput automated micro-physiological system. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2023; 29:134. [PMID: 38101569 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Finola E Cliffe
- Hooke Bio Ltd, L4A Smithstown Industrial Estate, Shannon, Co. Clare, V14 XH92, Ireland
| | - Conor Madden
- Hooke Bio Ltd, L4A Smithstown Industrial Estate, Shannon, Co. Clare, V14 XH92, Ireland
| | - Patrick Costello
- Hooke Bio Ltd, L4A Smithstown Industrial Estate, Shannon, Co. Clare, V14 XH92, Ireland
| | - Shane Devitt
- Hooke Bio Ltd, L4A Smithstown Industrial Estate, Shannon, Co. Clare, V14 XH92, Ireland
| | - Sumir Ramesh Mukkunda
- Hooke Bio Ltd, L4A Smithstown Industrial Estate, Shannon, Co. Clare, V14 XH92, Ireland
| | | | - Howard O Fearnhead
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Biomedical Sciences, Dangan, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aiste Vitkauskaite
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Biomedical Sciences, Dangan, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mahshid H Dehkordi
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Biomedical Sciences, Dangan, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Walter Chingwaru
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Biomedical Sciences, Dangan, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Milosz Przyjalgowski
- Centre for Advanced Photonics and Process Analysis, Munster Technological University, Cork, T12 P928, Ireland
| | - Natalia Rebrova
- Centre for Advanced Photonics and Process Analysis, Munster Technological University, Cork, T12 P928, Ireland
| | - Mark Lyons
- Hooke Bio Ltd, L4A Smithstown Industrial Estate, Shannon, Co. Clare, V14 XH92, Ireland
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Tüfekci KK, Kaplan AA, Kaya A, Alrafiah A, Altun G, Aktaş A, Kaplan S. The potential protective effects of melatonin and omega-3 on the male rat optic nerve exposed to 900 MHz electromagnetic radiation during the prenatal period. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:1424-1436. [PMID: 37712630 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2259078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to children and adolescents' widespread use of electronic devices, researchers have focused on pre-and early postnatal electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure. However, little is known about the effects of EMF exposure on the optic nerve. The aim of study was to investigate the changes occurring in the optic nerve and the protective effects of melatonin (mel) and omega 3 (ω-3) in rats. METHODS Thirty-five pregnant rats were divided into seven groups, Cont, Sham, EMF, EMF + melatonin (EMF + Mel), EMF + ω3, Mel, and ω3. The EMF groups were exposed to 900 megahertz (MHz) EMF daily for two hours during pregnancy. After the experiment, the right optic nerve of each offspring rat was removed and fixed in glutaraldehyde. Thin and semi-thin sections were taken for electron microscopic and stereological analyses. Myelinated axon numbers, myelin sheath thicknesses, and axonal areas were estimated using stereological methods. RESULTS The groups had no significant differences regarding mean numbers of axons, mean axonal areas, or mean myelin sheath thicknesses (p > 0.05). Histological observations revealed impaired lamellae in the myelin sheath of most axons, and vacuolization was frequently observed between the myelin sheath and axon in the EMF-exposed group. The Mel and ω-3-treated EMF groups exhibited well-preserved myelinated nerve fibers and intact astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. CONCLUSIONS At the ultrastructural level, Mel and ω3 exhibits a neuroprotective effect on the optic nerve exposed to prenatal EMF. The protective effects of these antioxidants on oligodendrocytes, which play an essential role in myelin formation in the central nervous system, now require detailed investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kıymet Kübra Tüfekci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Arife Ahsen Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşenur Kaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Aziza Alrafiah
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamze Altun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Abit Aktaş
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, İstanbul Cerrahpaşa University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
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Gui L, Cheng M, Zheng M, Ning C, Huo Q. Effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on nutritional status and inflammatory response in patients with stage II-III NSCLC undergoing postoperative chemotherapy: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1266584. [PMID: 37964929 PMCID: PMC10641022 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1266584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effects of oral omega-3 fatty acids in lowering the risk of malnutrition and improving the inflammatory response in patients with stage II-III lung cancer receiving postoperative chemotherapy. Methods One hundred and three lung cancer patients identified as being at risk for malnutrition according to the 2002 nutritional risk screening criteria were randomized into either the omega-3 fatty acid supplementation group or the placebo group during postoperative chemotherapy. Data on anthropometric parameters, laboratory nutritional indicators, and inflammatory markers were collected, and changes and differences between the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results Sixty three patients were included in the final analysis. The baseline information of the two groups of patients was comparable (p > 0.05). After 12 weeks, patients in the treatment group exhibited significantly higher levels of hemoglobin (11.26 ± 1.25 vs.10.60 ± 0.94, p = 0.021) and serum albumin (45.38 ± 5.06 vs.42.66 ± 5.06, p = 0.036) compared with those in the placebo group. Meanwhile, the levels of inflammatory factors C-reactive protein (2.16 ± 1.06 vs. 4.11 ± 1.72, p < 0.001), interleukin-1 (6.61 ± 2.19 vs.10.85 ± 3.61, p < 0.001), interleukin-6 (2.48 ± 1.20 vs. 4.53 ± 0.98, p < 0.001), interleukin-8 (9.26 ± 2.69 vs. 39.01 ± 6.53, p < 0.001), and tumor necrosis factor-α (1.88 ± 0.60 vs. 4.07 ± 0.97, p < 0.001) were significantly decreased in the treatment group. In contrast, differences in weight, BMI, upper arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, triglycerides, cholesterol, and IFN-γ between the two groups were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Finally, in the treatment group, the levels of hemoglobin (10.89 ± 1.15 vs. 11.82 ± 1.21, p = 0.042), triglyceride (0.92 ± 0.29 vs. 1.03 ± 0.22, p = 0.043), and cholesterol (3.56 ± 0.82 vs. 4.23 ± 0.88, p = 0.045) were higher in stage II patients after the intervention compared with stage III patients. Conclusion Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids improved nutritional status and reduced chronic inflammatory responses in patients with stage II-III non-small cell lung cancer undergoing postoperative chemotherapy. Clinical Trial Registration AEA RCT Registry, identifier AEARCTR-0007165.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Gui
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lu’an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu’an, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lu’an People’s Hospital, Lu’an, China
| | - Mingjin Cheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lu’an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu’an, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lu’an People’s Hospital, Lu’an, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lu’an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu’an, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lu’an People’s Hospital, Lu’an, China
- Department of Nursing, Lu’an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu’an, China
| | - Chengdong Ning
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lu’an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu’an, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lu’an People’s Hospital, Lu’an, China
| | - Qianlun Huo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lu’an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu’an, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lu’an People’s Hospital, Lu’an, China
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Videla LA, Valenzuela R, Del Campo A, Zúñiga-Hernández J. Omega-3 Lipid Mediators: Modulation of the M1/M2 Macrophage Phenotype and Its Protective Role in Chronic Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15528. [PMID: 37958514 PMCID: PMC10647594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex interplay between dietary factors, inflammation, and macrophage polarization is pivotal in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic liver diseases (CLDs). Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) have brought in attention due to their potential to modulate inflammation and exert protective effects in various pathological conditions. Omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have shown promise in mitigating inflammation and enhancing the resolution of inflammatory responses. They influence the M1/M2 macrophage phenotype balance, promoting a shift towards the M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), such as resolvins (Rvs), protectins (PDs), and maresins (MaRs), have emerged as potent regulators of inflammation and macrophage polarization. They show anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties, by modulating the expression of cytokines, facilitate the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, and promote tissue repair. MaR1, in particular, has demonstrated significant hepatoprotective effects by promoting M2 macrophage polarization, reducing oxidative stress, and inhibiting key inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB. In the context of CLDs, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cirrhosis, omega-3s and their SPMs have shown promise in attenuating liver injury, promoting tissue regeneration, and modulating macrophage phenotypes. The aim of this article was to analyze the emerging role of omega-3 FAs and their SPMs in the context of macrophage polarization, with special interest in the mechanisms underlying their effects and their interactions with other cell types within the liver microenvironment, focused on CLDs and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Andrea Del Campo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioenergética Celular, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
| | - Jessica Zúñiga-Hernández
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
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Saab ME, Vanier G, Sudlovenick E, Powell AL, Simonee J, Desmarais G, Muckle CA, Fairbrother JM, Daoust PY. Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella species and potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli in free-living seals of Canadian Atlantic and eastern Arctic waters. Zoonoses Public Health 2023; 70:542-554. [PMID: 37317052 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Seal populations in Canadian waters provide sustenance to coastal communities. There is potential for pathogenic and/or antimicrobial-resistant bacteria to transfer to humans through inadvertent faecal contamination of seal products. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence and potential antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes in faecal samples collected from grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and from ringed seals (Pusa hispida) in Frobisher Bay and Eclipse Sound, Nunavut, Canada. Grey seals were harvested during commercial hunts or during scientific sampling; ringed seals were collected by Inuit hunters during subsistence harvests. Virulence genes defining pathogenic E. coli were identified by PCR, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on recovered isolates. In grey seals, E. coli was detected in 34/44 (77%) samples, and pathogenic E. coli (extraintestinal E. coli [ExPEC], enteropathogenic E. coli [EPEC] or ExPEC/EPEC) was detected in 13/44 (29%) samples. Non-susceptibility to beta-lactams and quinolones was observed in isolates from 18 grey seals. In ringed seals from Frobisher Bay, E. coli was detected in 4/45 (9%) samples; neither virulence genes nor antimicrobial resistance was detected in these isolates. In ringed seals from Eclipse Sound, E. coli was detected in 8/50 (16%) samples and pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC and ExPEC/EPEC) in 5/50 (10%) samples. One seal from Eclipse Sound had an E. coli isolate resistant to beta-lactams. A monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium was recovered from 8/50 (16%) seals from Eclipse Sound. All Salmonella isolates were resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole and tetracycline. L. monocytogenes was not detected in any sample. These findings suggest that seals may act as important sentinel species and as reservoirs or vectors for antimicrobial-resistant and virulent E. coli and Salmonella species. Further characterization of these isolates would provide additional insights into the source and spread of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in these populations of free-living seals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Saab
- Diagnostic Services, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Ghyslaine Vanier
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Enooyaq Sudlovenick
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Ashley Lora Powell
- Diagnostic Services, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | | | - Gabriel Desmarais
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Anne Muckle
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - John Morris Fairbrother
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre-Yves Daoust
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
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Miroult C, Lasserre J, Toma S. Effects of Omega-3 as an adjuvant in the treatment of periodontal disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:545-556. [PMID: 37345207 PMCID: PMC10441607 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Promoting resolution of inflammation using new classes of lipids mediators has been proposed for the management of inflammatory disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the benefits of the use of omega-3 fatty acids as an adjuvant in the nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The data search was conducted into three main databases: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. The search equation was built around the PICO framework in which the population was constituted by human adults suffering from chronic periodontitis that had to be treated with conventional SRP with the adjunction of omega-3 fatty acids (I) or without the adjunction of omega-3 fatty acids (C), with, as a first outcome the probing pocket depth reduction (PPD) and as a second outcome the clinical attachment loss reduction (CAL). Risk of bias within studies was evaluated for each included study using the Cochrane collaboration tool for randomized studies (RoB Tool). A meta-analysis was performed using REVMAN 5.3. RESULTS After a global search, 117 studies were selected but only seven of them were eligible for the systematic review and meta-analysis. Six out of seven studies showed a significantly better PPD reduction in the omega-3 fatty acids group compared to the control group and five out of seven studies showed a significantly better CAL reduction in the omega-3 fatty acids group compared to the control group. The meta-analysis showed a statistically significant difference for PPD reduction (SMD: -0.78 [95% CI: -1.02, -0.54, p < .0001]) and CAL reduction (SMD: -0.80 [95% CI: -1.04, -0.56, p < .0001]) in favor of the test group. CONCLUSION After scaling and root planning, PPD reduction and CAL reduction were observed in both control and test groups, but with statistically significant better values for the omega-3 fatty acids group. Patients suffering from periodontitis could benefit from the use of omega-3 fatty acids to increase the effectiveness of a nonsurgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clementine Miroult
- Department of Periodontology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint‐LucUniversité catholique de LouvainOttignies‐Louvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Jerome Lasserre
- Department of Periodontology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint‐LucUniversité catholique de LouvainOttignies‐Louvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Selena Toma
- Department of Periodontology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint‐LucUniversité catholique de LouvainOttignies‐Louvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
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Izuddin WI, Loh TC, Nayan N, Akit H, Noor AM, Foo HL. Blood lipid profiles, fatty acid deposition and expression of hepatic lipid and lipoprotein metabolism genes in laying hens fed palm oils, palm kernel oil, and soybean oil. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1192841. [PMID: 37519991 PMCID: PMC10372434 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1192841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The palm oil, palm kernel oil and soybean oil have unique and distinctive fatty acid chain length and saturation profiles, and how they affect lipid peroxidation, fatty acid intake and metabolism is worth exploring in poultry. This study elucidated the influence the dietary oils on lipid peroxidation, blood lipid profiles, fatty acid deposition of liver, serum and yolk and the expression of liver genes related to lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in laying hens. About 150 Hisex brown laying hens were fed diets containing crude palm oil (CPO), red palm oil (RPO), refined palm oil (RBD), palm kernel oil (PKO) or soybean oil (SBO) for 16 weeks. Serum, liver and yolk lipid peroxidation were not different between dietary oils. The PKO increased liver, serum and yolk medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA). There was no difference in liver saturated fatty acids (SFA). The CPO and RPO reduced serum SFA, but the PKO increased yolk SFA. The SBO increased polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in liver serum and yolk. No difference in liver elaidic acid (C18:1-trans), but SBO lowered elaidic acid (C18:1-trans) in serum. Higher very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in CPO than RPO and SBO and greater serum lipase in CPO, RBD and PKO than SBO. There was no difference in sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-II) between oils. Apolipoprotein VLDL-II (APOVLDL2) was upregulated in palm oils and apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB) in RBD. Downregulation in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) was observed in palm oils and PKO. In conclusion, different dietary oils greatly influence several aspects of fatty acid metabolism, deposition and lipoprotein profiles but have no influence on reducing lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Ibrahim Izuddin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nazri Nayan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Henny Akit
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmadilfitri Md Noor
- Sime Darby Plantation Research Sdn Bhd, R&D Centre – Carey Island, Carey Island, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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11
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McClements IF, McClements DJ. Designing healthier plant-based foods: Fortification, digestion, and bioavailability. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112853. [PMID: 37254427 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Many consumers are incorporating more plant-based foods into their diets as a result of concerns about the environmental, ethical, and health impacts of animal sourced foods like meat, seafood, egg, and dairy products. Foods derived from animals negatively impact the environment by increasing greenhouse gas emissions, land use, water use, pollution, deforestation, and biodiversity loss. The livestock industry confines and slaughters billions of livestock animals each year. There are concerns about the negative impacts of some animal sourced foods, such as red meat and processed meat, on human health. The livestock industry is a major user of antibiotics, which is leading to a rise in the resistance of several pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics. It is often assumed that a plant-based diet is healthier than one containing more animal sourced foods, but this is not necessarily the case. Eating more fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grain cereals has been linked to improved health outcomes but it is unclear whether next-generation plant-based foods, such as meat, seafood, egg, and dairy analogs are healthier than the products they are designed to replace. Many of these new products are highly processed foods that contain high levels of saturated fat, sugar, starch, and salt, and low levels of micronutrients, nutraceuticals, and dietary fibers. Moreover, they are often rapidly digested in the gastrointestinal tract because processing disrupts plant tissues and releases the macronutrients. Consequently, it is important to formulate plant-based foods to reduce the levels of nutrients linked to adverse health effects and increase the levels linked to beneficial health effects. Moreover, it is important to design the food matrix so that the macronutrients are not digested and absorbed too quickly, but the micronutrients are highly bioavailable. In this article, we discuss how next-generation plant-based foods can be made healthier by controlling their nutrient profile, digestibility, and bioavailability.
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12
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Burger B, Sagiorato RN, Silva JR, Candreva T, Pacheco MR, White D, Castelucci BG, Pral LP, Fisk HL, Rabelo ILA, Elias-Oliveira J, Osório WR, Consonni SR, Farias ADS, Vinolo MAR, Lameu C, Carlos D, Fielding BA, Whyte MB, Martinez FO, Calder PC, Rodrigues HG. Eicosapentaenoic acid-rich oil supplementation activates PPAR-γ and delays skin wound healing in type 1 diabetic mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1141731. [PMID: 37359536 PMCID: PMC10289002 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1141731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Delayed wound healing is a devastating complication of diabetes and supplementation with fish oil, a source of anti-inflammatory omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), seems an appealing treatment strategy. However, some studies have shown that ω-3 fatty acids may have a deleterious effect on skin repair and the effects of oral administration of EPA on wound healing in diabetes are unclear. We used streptozotocin-induced diabetes as a mouse model to investigate the effects of oral administration of an EPA-rich oil on wound closure and quality of new tissue formed. Gas chromatography analysis of serum and skin showed that EPA-rich oil increased the incorporation of ω-3 and decreased ω-6 fatty acids, resulting in reduction of the ω-6/ω-3 ratio. On the tenth day after wounding, EPA increased production of IL-10 by neutrophils in the wound, reduced collagen deposition, and ultimately delayed wound closure and impaired quality of the healed tissue. This effect was PPAR-γ-dependent. EPA and IL-10 reduced collagen production by fibroblasts in vitro. In vivo, topical PPAR-γ-blockade reversed the deleterious effects of EPA on wound closure and on collagen organization in diabetic mice. We also observed a reduction in IL-10 production by neutrophils in diabetic mice treated topically with the PPAR-γ blocker. These results show that oral supplementation with EPA-rich oil impairs skin wound healing in diabetes, acting on inflammatory and non-inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Burger
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Roberta Nicolli Sagiorato
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Rondoni Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Thamiris Candreva
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Mariana R. Pacheco
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Daniel White
- Department of General Surgery, The Royal Surrey National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust Hospital, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Bianca G. Castelucci
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Laís P. Pral
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Helena L. Fisk
- School of Human Development & Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Izadora L. A. Rabelo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Elias-Oliveira
- Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Wislei Riuper Osório
- Laboratory of Manufacturing Advanced Materials, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Silvio Roberto Consonni
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alessandro dos Santos Farias
- Autoimmune Research Lab, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Ramirez Vinolo
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Claudiana Lameu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Carlos
- Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Barbara A. Fielding
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Brunel Whyte
- Department of Medicine, King’s College Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando O. Martinez
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development & Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hosana Gomes Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
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Stulczewski D, Zgorzynska E, Dziedzic B, Wieczorek-Szukala K, Szafraniec K, Walczewska A. EPA stronger than DHA increases the mitochondrial membrane potential and cardiolipin levels but does not change the ATP level in astrocytes. Exp Cell Res 2023; 424:113491. [PMID: 36708860 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are highly energy-consuming glial cells critical for metabolic support to neurons. A growing body of evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction in astrocytes is involved in age-related neurodegenerative disorders and that fish oil, rich in docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) fatty acids, may alleviate cognition impairment in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. The present study examines the effect of DHA and EPA on mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), apoptosis activation and ATP levels in astrocytes cultured in medium containing glucose or galactose, which limits oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). MMP, expressed as the ratio of red to green JC-10 and MitoTracker fluorescence, increased in EPA-incubated cells in a dose dependent manner and was higher than in DHA-incubated astrocytes, also after uncoupling of OXPHOS by carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). In cells cultured in glucose and galactose medium mitochondrial hyperpolarization had no impact on intracellular ATP level. Furthermore, both EPA and DHA elevated mitochondrial cardiolipin content, however only EPA did so in a dose-dependent manner and reduced apoptosis which was analyzed by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Stulczewski
- Department of Cell-to-Cell Communication, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Emilia Zgorzynska
- Department of Cell-to-Cell Communication, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Barbara Dziedzic
- Department of Cell-to-Cell Communication, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Kacper Szafraniec
- Department of Cell-to-Cell Communication, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Walczewska
- Department of Cell-to-Cell Communication, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
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Assessing the Highest Level of Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials in Omega-3 Research. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041001. [PMID: 36839358 PMCID: PMC9959429 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, there has been heightened interest in the health benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in reducing chronic diseases such as, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, type 2 diabetes, and acute macular degeneration (AMD). Due to inconsistent findings in the evidence, a review to critically examine the plethora of evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in n-3 PUFA research was undertaken. The aim of this review is to study the highest level of evidence and to identify gaps in n-3 PUFA research. RCTs were originally designed for pharmaceutical research and later adopted for nutrition and food-related research. RCTs with active diseases assume that n-3 PUFA will have "drug" like effects, and this high expectation may have led to the inconsistent evidence in the literature. The inconsistency in the literature may be related to varying doses of n-3 PUFA, sources of n-3 PUFA (food vs. supplement; plant vs. marine), type of n-3 PUFA (mixture vs. purified), trial duration, population characteristics, sample size, and genetic variation. For future research, there is a need to distinguish between primary and secondary prevention, and to focus RCTs on primary prevention of chronic diseases by n-3 PUFA which is lacking in the literature.
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Lorensia A, Suryadinata RV. Profil of omega-3 food intake and its association with socioeconomic status in smoker on online motorcycle drivers. HEALTHCARE IN LOW-RESOURCE SETTINGS 2023. [DOI: 10.4081/hls.2023.11164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Omega-3 fatty acids were found to be effective in reducing inflammation and free radicals caused by air pollution (cigarette smoke), as well as improving lung function. Furthermore, economic conditions can influence a person's food consumption habits. The type of food consumed will certainly affect the amount of omega-3 absorbed by the body, and the quality of food consumed is influenced by socioeconomic status (SES). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine omega-3 intake and its relationship with the socioeconomic status of online motorcycle drivers.
Design and Methods: This was an observational study with a cross-sectional method of measuring omega-3 consumption using a 24-hour food recall questionnaire and assessing the mean of omega-3 intake after 3 days. The was conducted from May-August 2020, in Kali Rungkut, Surabaya City, and the subjects were online motorcycle drivers. A Chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between omega-3 intake and SES (income and education).
Results: There were 49 respondents in this study with most of them having a classification of omega-3 intake at the deficit level (57.14%), and none belonging to the good and more level. There was a significant difference in omega-3 intake on income (p=0.000) and education (p=0.000).
Conclusions: Income and education must be prioritized to improve a healthy diet that includes omega-3.
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Wang Y, Yin T, Li J, Luo X, Liu K, Long T, Shen Y, Cheng L. Reduced levels of serum EPA and DHA identified in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer using a new rapid validated LC-MS/MS method. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2023; 28:12-18. [PMID: 36464159 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been suggested to play roles in various diseases, yet there is little data on their changes in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A simple LC-MS/MS method for EPA and DHA determination is critical to exploring EPA and DHA level changes in NSCLC patients. METHODS 25 µL of serum was mixed with 25 µL of internal standard working solution, and then 450 µL of acetonitrile for protein precipitation. After vortex and centrifugation, the supernatant was directly used for LC-MS/MS analysis. The method was well validated with linearity, precision, recovery, and matrix effect. The concentrations of EPA and DHA in serum samples from 211 NSCLC patients and 227 healthy controls were determined by this LC-MS/MS method. RESULTS Good separation and reliable quantification of EPA and DHA in serum samples were achieved by our method. Compared with healthy controls, serum EPA and DHA were significantly reduced in both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma patients. The concentrations of EPA and DHA showed a progressive decrease in healthy controls, early- and advanced-stage NSCLC patients. CONCLUSIONS This study identified significant reductions in serum EPA and DHA in NSCLC patients through the development of an LC-MS/MS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Tongxin Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Jiaoyuan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Xia Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Tingting Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Wuhan 430030, PR China.
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Wuhan 430030, PR China.
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Wang J, Gaman MA, Albadawi NI, Salem A, Kord-Varkaneh H, Okunade KS, Alomar O, Al-Badawi IA, Abu-Zaid A. Does Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Have Favorable Effects on the Lipid Profile in Postmenopausal Women? A Systematic Review and Dose-response Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Ther 2023; 45:e74-e87. [PMID: 36641259 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Menopause is associated with disturbances in the metabolism of lipids. Moreover, during the postmenopausal period, female subjects are more prone to develop dyslipidemia. Omega-3 fatty acids, which exert cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering actions, are commonly recommended in postmenopausal women. However, their effect on serum lipids in this population remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to clarify this research question. METHODS We systematically searched the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases from their inception until January 3, 2022. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used to combine effect sizes. FINDINGS Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation resulted in a decrease in triglyceride concentrations (weighted mean difference [WMD], -17.8 mg/dL; 95% CI, -26 to -9.6; P < 0.001), particularly in the RCTs that lasted ≤16 weeks (WMD, -18.6 mg/dL), when the baseline triglyceride concentrations were ≥150 mg/dL (WMD, -22.8 mg/dL), in individuals with a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (WMD, -19.3 mg/dL), and when the dose of omega-3 fatty acids was ≥1 g/d (WMD, -21.10 mg/dL). LDL-C (WMD, 4.1 mg/dL; 95% CI, 1.80 to 6.36; P < 0.001) and HDL-C (WMD, 2.1 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.97 to 3.2; P < 0.001) values increased. Total cholesterol levels (WMD, -0.15 mg/dL; 95% CI, -4 to 3.74; P = 0.94) remained unchanged after administration of omega-3 fatty acids. IMPLICATIONS In postmenopausal women, supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids resulted in a significant reduction in triglyceride concentrations and a modest elevation in HDL-C and LDL-C levels, whereas this intervention did not affect total cholesterol values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhu Wang
- The Big Data and Public Policy Lab in the School of Government, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Gaman
- Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania & Department of Hematology, Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Naryman Ismail Albadawi
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Salem
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed Kord-Varkaneh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kehinde S Okunade
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Osama Alomar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail A Al-Badawi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Zhang Z, Wang Y, Yang X, Cheng Y, Zhang H, Xu X, Zhou J, Chen H, Su M, Yang Y, Su Y. Human Milk Lipid Profiles around the World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2519-2536. [PMID: 36083999 PMCID: PMC9776668 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reported breast milk lipid concentrations may vary with geographical region, postnatal age, and year of sample collection. In this review, we summarized data on the concentrations of total fat, total phospholipids, cholesterol, and fatty acids in human milk worldwide and their variation according to lactation stage, study area, and sample collection year. A systematic literature search was performed using the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Medline databases for English-language papers and Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for Chinese-language papers. A total of 186 studies evaluating the human milk lipid profiles were included. According to random-effects models based on worldwide data, the summarized means (95% CIs) as percentages of total fat were 42.2% (41.1%, 43.3%) for SFAs, 36.6% (35.6%, 37.5%) for MUFAs, and 21.0% (19.3%, 22.7%) for PUFAs. However, the study heterogeneity was high for most types of fatty acids (I2 > 99%). Human milk from Western countries had higher concentrations of MUFAs and 18:1n-9 (ω-9), but lower concentrations of PUFAs, 18:2n-6, 20:4n-6, 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, 22:6n-3, and total n-6 PUFA compared with those from non-Western countries (P < 0.001-0.011). Significant lactation stage differences were observed for total fat and some individual fatty acids. The concentrations of SFAs and 16:0 were significantly negatively correlated with sampling year (P < 0.001-0.028). In contrast, a significant positive correlation between the concentrations of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 and sampling year was observed (P < 0.001-0.035). Our results suggest that the pooling of data on human milk lipid profiles in different studies should be done with caution due to the high between-study heterogeneity. The concentration of lipids, including total fat, cholesterol, and specific fatty acids, differs in human milk according to lactation stage, geographical region, and year of sample collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheqing Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyao Wang
- Chinese Nutrition Society, Beijing, China,CNS Academy of Nutrition and Health (Beijing Zhongyinghui Nutrition and Health Research Institute), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Yang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyong Cheng
- Institute of Health & Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xuebing Xu
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- CNS Academy of Nutrition and Health (Beijing Zhongyinghui Nutrition and Health Research Institute), Beijing, China
| | - Hengying Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyang Su
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Pita P, Gribble MO, Antelo M, Ainsworth G, Hyder K, van den Bosch M, Villasante S. Recreational fishing, health and well-being: findings from a cross-sectional survey. ECOSYSTEMS AND PEOPLE (ABINGDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 18:530-546. [PMID: 36540670 PMCID: PMC9762678 DOI: 10.1080/26395916.2022.2112291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the associations between marine recreational fishing, stress, seafood consumption, and sleep quality in a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of a convenience sample of 244 fishers recruited in 2019 in Spain. Fishers' stress levels were moderate, with a mean stress index score of 36.4 units on a scale from 14 (very low stress) to 70 (very high). Their average emotional condition was positive, with a mean index of negative affect of 7.8 units on a scale from 5 (very low negative affect) to 25 (very high). Seafood intake was low, with a mean index of seafood in diets of 38.0 units on a scale from 20 (very low seafood consumption) to 160 (very high). Fishers' perceived quality of night sleep was good because the mean index of sleep problems was 39.5 units on a scale from 21 (very low sleep problems) to 107 (very high). Each hour of self-reported monthly fishing activity was associated with 0.016 units of lower stress score. Thus, the most engaged fishers reported up to 15.4% lower stress score than less avid fishers. Since recreational fishing is a highly accessible outdoor activity for people in older age groups, it is possible that public health could be improved by access to sustainably managed recreational fisheries. Fishing engagement was positively associated with seafood intake. Each hour of fishing per month was associated with one-unit higher seafood consumption. The higher seafood consumption observed among avid recreational fishers compared with less avid fishers might have health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pita
- Cross-Research in Environmental Technologies (CRETUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Campus Do Mar, International Campus of Excellence, Spain
| | - Matthew O. Gribble
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manel Antelo
- Campus Do Mar, International Campus of Excellence, Spain
- Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Gillian Ainsworth
- Cross-Research in Environmental Technologies (CRETUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Campus Do Mar, International Campus of Excellence, Spain
| | - Kieran Hyder
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Suffolk, UK
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Matilda van den Bosch
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- ISGlobal, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastián Villasante
- Cross-Research in Environmental Technologies (CRETUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Campus Do Mar, International Campus of Excellence, Spain
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Omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of spinal cord injury: untapped potential for therapeutic intervention? Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10797-10809. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kim H, Kim JK. Evidence on Statins, Omega-3, and Prostate Cancer: A Narrative Review. World J Mens Health 2022; 40:412-424. [PMID: 35021299 PMCID: PMC9253794 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake selections might play a crucial role in prostate cancer (PCa) occurrence and progression. Several studies have investigated whether statin use could reduce PCa risk but with conflicting results. Nevertheless, a significantly decreased incidence of advanced PCa has been consistently noted. Statins may also reduce the risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) in men with PCa after receiving active treatment. However, the influence of statin usage on BCR and PCa progression in men with high prostate-specific antigen levels has been found to be insignificant. In contrast, the combined use of a statin and metformin was significantly related to the survival status of PCa patients. However, some studies have revealed that the intake of long-chain omega-3 fatty acid (ω-3) from fish or fish oil supplements may elevate PCa risk. Several meta-analyses on ω-3 consumption and PCa have shown controversial results for the relationship between PCa and ω-3 consumption. However, studies with positive results for various genotypes, fatty acid intake or levels, and PCA risk are emerging. This review highlights the association among statins, ω-3, and PCa. The findings summarized here may be helpful for clinicians counseling patients related to PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwanik Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung Kwon Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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22
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Liu L, Chen C, Dong Y, Cheng Y, You C, Wang S, Ma H, Li Y. Insulin activates LC-PUFA biosynthesis of hepatocytes by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/Srebp1 pathway in teleost Siganus canaliculatus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 260:110734. [PMID: 35321854 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is well known an important metabolic regulator in glucose and lipid metabolism. It has been proved to activate long-chain (≥ C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis in mammals, but little is known about such a role in fish. To explore the effects and molecular mechanisms of insulin in fish LC-PUFA biosynthesis, we treated the rabbitfish S. canaliculatus hepatocyte line (SCHL) cells with 65 nM insulin for 12 h, and the results showed that the mRNA levels of genes encoding the key enzymes and transcription factor involved in rabbitfish LC-PUFA biosynthesis such as Δ6Δ5 fads2, elovl5 and srebp1, as well as those of PI3K pathway genes including pdk1, akt2 and mtor increased significantly. Moreover, SCHL cells treated with different PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors (LY294002, Wortmannin, AKTi-1/2) alone or combined with insulin decreased the mRNA levels of PI3K/Akt/mTOR downstream signaling genes, including Δ6Δ5 fads2, Δ4 fads2, elovl5, elovl4 and srebp1. While PI3K/Akt agonists (740 Y-P, IGF-1, SC-79) had the opposite results. The results of fatty acid composition analysis of hepatocytes showed that insulin stimulation increased the Δ6Δ5 Fads2-dependent PUFA desaturation indexes, while Elovl5-dependent PUFA elongation indexes had upward trends, and consequently LC-PUFA contents increased. Taken together, these results indicated that insulin activated LC-PUFA biosynthesis probably through PI3K/Akt/mTOR/Srebp1 pathway in S. canaliculatus hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Cuiying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yewei Dong
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Cuihong You
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Yuanyou Li
- School of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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23
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Gabriel FC, Oliveira M, Martella BDM, Berk M, Brietzke E, Jacka FN, Lafer B. Nutrition and bipolar disorder: a systematic review. Nutr Neurosci 2022; 26:637-651. [PMID: 35608150 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2077031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) have higher rates of unhealthy lifestyles and risk for medical comorbidities Research currently suggests that dietary factors may play a role in the development of depression and anxiety. Therefore, nutritional approaches are potential strategies for the treatment of BD. The aim of this review is to summarize the available evidence on nutrition and BD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The paper was developed based on PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The search was conducted in Sep-2021 using PubMed and Cochrane Library, augmented by manually checked references lists. The search found 986 studies, of which 47 were included, combined with 13 from reference lists, totaling 60 studies. RESULTS There were 33 observational trials, of which 15 focused on fatty acids, 9 on micronutrients, 5 on specific foods, 4 on macro and micronutrients. The 27 interventional studies mainly focused on fatty acids, micronutrients and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). DISCUSSION Dietary intake or supplementation of unsaturated fatty acids, mainly Omega-3 seems to be associated with improved BD symptoms, along with seafood, folic acid and zinc. Studies found variable, mainly non-significant impacts of creatine, carnitine, vitamin D, inositol or NAC supplementation on BD. There are promising results associated with Coenzyme Q10 (Coq10) and probiotics. Taken together, these preliminary findings suggest that dietetic approaches might be included as part of BD treatment. Also considering the high risk of metabolic disorders in individuals with BD, they should be encouraged to choose healthy dietary lifestyles, including daily intake of fruits, vegetables, seafood and whole grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C Gabriel
- Bipolar Research Program, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoela Oliveira
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruna De M Martella
- Bipolar Research Program, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Felice N Jacka
- The Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Beny Lafer
- Bipolar Research Program, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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El-Dahhar AA, Rashwan RS, EL-Zaeem SY, Shahin SA, Mourad MM, El Basuini MF. Evaluation of the nutritional value of Artemia nauplii for European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) larvae. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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He YM, Chen WL, Kao TW, Wu LW, Yang HF, Peng TC. Association Between Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Vegetarian Dietary Patterns Among Community-Dwelling Individuals. Front Nutr 2022; 9:761982. [PMID: 35369052 PMCID: PMC8971747 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.761982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundVegetarians have been shown to have better metabolic profiles than non-vegetarians, and vegetarianism has potential beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease. However, there is a lack of studies on vegetarians that examine both metabolic profiles and lifestyle habits, such as physical activity, smoking habits, and dietary patterns, which are equally important in the context of cardiovascular disease. We explored whether a vegetarian diet is associated with both metabolic traits and lifestyle habits by assessing cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted in a Taiwanese population. Data collected between 2000 and 2016 were extracted from the MJ Health database. Participants aged 40 years and older without cardiovascular disease were included. CVH metrics included smoking habits, blood pressure, total cholesterol, serum glucose, body mass index, physical activity, and healthy diet score. Vegetarian participants were full-time vegetarians who did not consume meat or fish. All the data were assessed from self-report questionnaires, physical examinations, and blood analyses following standard protocol. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between vegetarianism and CVH metrics.ResultsOf 46,287 eligible participants, 1,896 (4.1%) were vegetarian. Overall, vegetarians had better CVH metrics (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.84–2.37) but lower healthy diet scores (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.33–0.51) after adjustment. No difference in physical activity (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.73–1.02) was identified between vegetarians and non-vegetarians. Additionally, vegetarians had higher whole grain intake (OR = 2.76, 95% CI = 2.28–3.35) and lower sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.18–1.58).ConclusionsOur results suggested that vegetarians had better overall ideal CVH metrics but lower ideal healthy diet scores than non-vegetarians, which was likely due to the lack of fish consumption in this population group. When assessing CVH metrics and healthy diet scores for vegetarians, metrics and scores chosen should be suitable for use with vegetarian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min He
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Wu
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fang Yang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tao-Chun Peng
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Tao-Chun Peng
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26
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Ferreira I, Falcato F, Bandarra N, Rauter AP. Resolvins, Protectins, and Maresins: DHA-Derived Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators, Biosynthetic Pathways, Synthetic Approaches, and Their Role in Inflammation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051677. [PMID: 35268778 PMCID: PMC8912121 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Marine organisms are an important source of natural products with unique and diverse chemical structures that may hold the key for the development of novel drugs. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid marine natural product playing a crucial regulatory role in the resolution of inflammation and acting as a precursor for the biosynthesis of the anti-inflammatory specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) resolvins, protectins, and maresins. These metabolites exert many beneficial actions including neuroprotection, anti-hypertension, or anti-tumorigenesis. As dysregulation of SPMs is associated with diseases of prolonged inflammation, the disclosure of their bioactivities may be correlated with anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving capabilities, offering new targets for drug design. The availability of these SPMs from natural resources is very low, but the evaluation of their pharmacological properties requires their access in larger amounts, as achieved by synthetic routes. In this report, the first review of the total organic syntheses carried out for resolvins, protectins, and maresins is presented. Recently, it was proposed that DHA-derived pro-resolving mediators play a key role in the treatment of COVID-19. In this work we also review the current evidence on the structures, biosynthesis, and functional and new-found roles of these novel lipid mediators of disease resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Ferreira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Piso 5, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospecting, Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Filipa Falcato
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospecting, Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Narcisa Bandarra
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospecting, Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (A.P.R.); Tel.: +351-964408824 (A.P.R.)
| | - Amélia P. Rauter
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Piso 5, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (A.P.R.); Tel.: +351-964408824 (A.P.R.)
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27
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Influence of Storage Time and Method of Smoking on the Content of EPA and DHA Acids and Lipid Quality of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Meat. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2022; 2022:1218347. [PMID: 35252435 PMCID: PMC8890880 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1218347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is one of the oldest technologies for processing and preserving raw materials of animal origin. To this day, smoked fish is very popular among consumers. The most popular smoked fish is salmon. The research compared the qualitative changes in the fat fractions of hot and cold-smoked salmon during refrigerated storage. Generally accepted physicochemical methods for assessing the quality of fats, such as peroxide, anisidine, and acid number, were used. First, the smoked salmon was stored, and then, the samples were analyzed to find changes in the fatty acids EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). It was shown that cold smoking significantly inhibited the increase in the level of lipid oxidation compared to hot smoking and raw samples stored in the same way. In the meat of stored and cold- and hot-smoked salmon, the TOTOX values remained at the level indicated by the Codex Alimentarius. Hot smoking limited the degree of lipid hydrolysis during storage as compared to cold smoking. The smoking process had a protective effect on EPA and DHA acids. In the raw samples, the loss of these acids was three times higher. Summarizing the research, it can be concluded that smoked products are a good and safe source of omega-3 fatty acids in the diet.
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28
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Wang Y, Liu K, Long T, Long J, Li Y, Li J, Cheng L. Dietary fish and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake and cancer survival: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6235-6251. [PMID: 35068276 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2029826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fish and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been suggested to play a role in improving cancer prognosis. However, results from epidemiological studies remain inconsistent. Here we assess the association between dietary fish and/or omega-3 PUFAs intake and cancer prognosis with meta-analysis of observational studies. A systematic search of related publications was performed using PubMed and Web of Science databases. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were extracted and then pooled using a random-effect model. Potential linear and non-linear dose-response relationships were explored using generalized least squares estimation and restricted cubic splines. As a result, 21 cohort studies were included in our analysis. Compared to the lowest category, the highest category of fish intake was associated with a significant lower mortality in patients with ovarian cancer (n = 1, HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.57-0.95) and overall cancer (n = 12, HR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.81-0.94). Marine omega-3 PUFAs intake rather than total omega-3 PUFAs intake showed significant protective effects on survival of overall cancer (n = 8, HR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.71-0.94), in particular prostate cancer (n = 2, HR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.46-0.82). Dose-response meta-analysis indicated a nonlinear and a linear relationship between fish intake, as well as marine omega-3 PUFAs intake, and overall cancer survival, respectively. In conclusion, our analysis demonstrated a protective effect of dietary fish and marine omega-3 PUFAs consumption on cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jieyi Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaoyuan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Gu W, Kavanagh JM, McClure DD. Towards a sustainable supply of omega-3 fatty acids: Screening microalgae for scalable production of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Mu H, Song Z, Wang X, Wang D, Zheng X, Li X. Microencapsulation of algae oil by complex coacervation of chitosan and modified starch: Characterization and oxidative stability. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:66-73. [PMID: 34863834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The formation of complex coacervation using chitosan and octenyl succinic anhydride modified starch (OSA starch) and microencapsulation of algae oil were investigated in this study. The zeta-potential, turbidity and coacervate yield were evaluated as a function of pH and the chitosan- OSA starch mass ratio. The highest coacervate yield was achieved at pH 6.0 with a chitosan to OSA starch ratio of 1:3 (w/w). Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) indicated favorable affinity (Ka = 1.51 × 105 M-1) between chitosan and OSA starch. The microcapsules yielded an encapsulation efficiency (EE) in the range of 42.8 ± 0.8%- 93.1 ± 1.2%, the loading capacity ranged between 30.4 ± 2.7% and 58.3 ± 1.3%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) further confirmed the microencapsulation. In comparison with the bulk oil, the microencapsulated algae oil exhibited improved oxidative stability during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Mu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Zhaoxia Song
- College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou 451191, Henan, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology R&D Center Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200137, PR China
| | - Deda Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, PR China
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Galchenko A, Gapparova K, Sidorova E. The influence of vegetarian and vegan diets on the state of bone mineral density in humans. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:845-861. [PMID: 34723727 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1996330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There are so many literatures about vegetarians being less prone to chronic, noninfectious diseases, which are, however, the main cause of the decline in quality of life and mortality in developed countries.However, according to various scientific sources, vegetarian and especially vegan diets often contain less saturated fats, protein, calcium, vitamins D and B12, or long-chain ω-3 PUFAs. One of the most common pathology associated with a predominantly plant diet is osteopenia and osteoporosis. An analysis of 13 studies has shown that vegetarians and vegans are at a higher risk of reducing of bone mineral density, thereby increasing the incidence of fractures.At the same time, plant-based diets are usually richer in many other micronutrients important for bone health: vitamins C and K, carotenoids, potassium, magnesium, manganese, copper, or silicon. Moreover, with the deepening of our knowledge about the role of nutrients in the body and the features of the nutritional status of the population, the quality of vegetarian and vegan diets also increases. They are less and less prone to micronutrient deficiencies. Recent studies show that BMD, as well as the risk of osteoporotic fractures, at least in vegetarians, equaled these indicators in omnivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Galchenko
- Department of preventive diet therapy, Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - K Gapparova
- Department of preventive diet therapy, Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - E Sidorova
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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Almasi K, Esnaashari SS, Khosravani M, Adabi M. Yogurt fortified with omega-3 using nanoemulsion containing flaxseed oil: Investigation of physicochemical properties. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:6186-6193. [PMID: 34760249 PMCID: PMC8565221 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed oil as a natural ingredient has many health benefits due to the rich contents of omega-3 fatty acids. However, its use in food formulations is limited because of low aqueous solubility, easy oxidation owing to the unsaturated nature of the fatty acids such as omega-3. The aim of this study was to prepare a stable nanoemulsion containing flaxseed oil and investigate the fortification of yogurt with this nanoemulsion compared with fortification with bulk flaxseed oil. The nanoemulsion of flaxseed oil-in-water was obtained by low-energy emulsification method. Optimized nanoemulsion contains 3% (w/w) flaxseed vegetable oil, 36% (w/w) surfactant, 10% (w/w) co-surfactant, and 51% (w/w) deionized water as a continuous phase. The result of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the optimal size was about 60 nm, which was stayed stable for 11 months. The results of gas chromatography (GC) indicated that the amount of omega-3 in nanoemulsion containing flaxseed oil was 27.3% and 19.8% after 7 days and 11 months, respectively. The turbidity results indicated the transparency of nanoemulsion after 11 months as well. The results of centrifuge experiments and thermal stress cycles exhibited that the optimized nanoemulsion was physically stable without any sign of creaming, phase separation, and cracking. In addition, pH and acidity of the yogurt fortified with nanoemulsion containing flaxseed oil were 4.22 and 1.41 wt%, respectively. In conclusion, fortifying yogurt with the nanoemulsion containing flaxseed oil can be considered as a solution to increase solubility, bioavailability, and protection of omega-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Almasi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sara Esnaashari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Masood Khosravani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mahdi Adabi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Barta DG, Coman V, Vodnar DC. Microalgae as sources of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Biotechnological aspects. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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34
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Peycheva K, Panayotova V, Stancheva R, Makedonski L, Merdzhanova A, Cicero N, Parrino V, Fazio F. Trace Elements and Omega-3 Fatty Acids of Wild and Farmed Mussels ( Mytilus galloprovincialis) Consumed in Bulgaria: Human Health Risks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10023. [PMID: 34639325 PMCID: PMC8507773 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The unique, closed ecosystem of the Black Sea is of significant global importance. The levels and health risk of some trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn) in wild and farmed mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected from the Bulgarian part of the Black Sea were determined and using different approaches such as Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Hazard Index (HI), Target risk (TR), human health risk levels were assessed. The mean maximum concentrations of the elements Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in all mussel samples were below the maximum permissible limits (MPLs) except that which exceeded the limit of 2.00 mg/kg ww. Eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) were the major polyunsaturated fatty acids. The fatty acids profile studied mussels showed that the farmed mussels had higher PUFA/SFA ratios, DHA and EPA + DHA content and lower SFA, AI and TI values. The target risk (TR) values for Pb, Cr, Ni and As were calculated, evaluated and showed acceptable or negligible levels. Target hazard quotients (THQs) and hazard index (HI) from elemental intake were below 1 indicated no hazard from consumption. The benefit-risk ratio indicated that wild and cultured M. galloprovincialis are safe for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Peycheva
- Department of Chemistry, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (K.P.); (V.P.); (R.S.); (L.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Veselina Panayotova
- Department of Chemistry, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (K.P.); (V.P.); (R.S.); (L.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Rositsa Stancheva
- Department of Chemistry, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (K.P.); (V.P.); (R.S.); (L.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Lubomir Makedonski
- Department of Chemistry, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (K.P.); (V.P.); (R.S.); (L.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Albena Merdzhanova
- Department of Chemistry, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (K.P.); (V.P.); (R.S.); (L.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Science4Life, Spin off Company, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Parrino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
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Rico D, Gervais R, Schwebel L, Lebeuf Y, Chouinard P. Production performance and oxidative stability of milk enriched with n-3 fatty acids in Holstein cows fed flaxseed meal. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Six Holstein cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin Square design to investigate the effect of flaxseed meal on production performance and oxidative stability of milk enriched with n-3 fatty acids. Flaxseed oil was abomasally infused to all cows at 243 g·d−1 which increased milk concentration of α-linolenic acid from 3.08 (pretrial) up to 53.0 mg·g−1 fat. On a dry matter basis, dietary treatments were canola meal (CM; 165 g·kg−1), flaxseed meal (FM; 165 g·kg−1), and CM (165 g·kg−1) + vitamin E (VE; 300 IU·kg−1). Pre-planned contrasts were CM vs. FM and VE vs. FM. No difference was observed on dry matter intake, milk production, and yield of milk protein, and lactose for any of the contrasts evaluated. However, fat yield tended to be lower with FM relative to CM but was not different from VE. Milk enterolactone concentration was 6.8-fold greater with FM than with CM, whereas milk tocopherol was increased by 3.4-fold with VE relative to FM. Increased concentrations of enterolactone or tocopherol were not efficient to significantly modify the time course of appearance of propanal, hexanal, hept-cis-4-enal, and 1-octen-3-one in milk during storage evaluated for 10 d at 4 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.E. Rico
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - R. Gervais
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - L. Schwebel
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Y. Lebeuf
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - P.Y. Chouinard
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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PPARγ regulates fabp4 expression to increase DHA content in golden pompano ( Trachinotus ovatus) hepatocytes. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:3-11. [PMID: 33663633 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
N-3 long-chain (≥C20) PUFA (LC-PUFA) are vital fatty acids for fish and humans. As a main source of n-3 LC-PUFA for human consumers, the n-3 LC-PUFA content of farmed fish is important. Previously, we identified fatty acid-binding protein (fabp)-4 as a candidate gene for regulating the n-3 LC-PUFA content. Herein, we further assessed the role of fabp4 in this process. First, a 2059 bp promoter sequence of fabp4 in Trachinotus ovatus was cloned and, using progressive deletion, determined -2006 bp to -1521 bp to be the core promoter sequence. The PPAR-γ binding sites were predicted to occur in this region. A luciferase reporter assay showed that the promoter activity of fabp4 decreased following mutation of the PPARγ binding site and that PPARγ increased the fabp4 promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner, implying that T. ovatus fabp4 is a target of PPARγ. The overexpression of fabp4 or PPARγ increased the DHA content in hepatocytes, whereas suppression of their expression diminished this effect, suggesting that both fabp4 and PPARγ play an active role in regulating DHA content. Moreover, the inhibition of fabp4 attenuated the increase in PPARγ-mediated DHA content, and the overexpression of fabp4 alleviated this effect. Collectively, our findings indicated that fabp4, which is controlled by PPARγ, plays an important role in DHA content regulation. The new regulation axis can be considered a promising novel target for increasing the n-3 LC-PUFA content in T. ovatus.
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Francis M, Li C, Sun Y, Zhou J, Li X, Brenna JT, Ye K. Genome-wide association study of fish oil supplementation on lipid traits in 81,246 individuals reveals new gene-diet interaction loci. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009431. [PMID: 33760818 PMCID: PMC8021161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish oil supplementation is widely used for reducing serum triglycerides (TAGs) but has mixed effects on other circulating cardiovascular biomarkers. Many genetic polymorphisms have been associated with blood lipids, including high- and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, LDL-C), total cholesterol, and TAGs. Here, the gene-diet interaction effects of fish oil supplementation on these lipids were analyzed in a discovery cohort of up to 73,962 UK Biobank participants, using a 1-degree-of-freedom (1df) test for interaction effects and a 2-degrees-of-freedom (2df) test to jointly analyze interaction and main effects. Associations with P < 1×10-6 in either test (26,157; 18,300 unique variants) were advanced to replication in up to 7,284 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Replicated associations reaching 1df P < 0.05 (2,175; 1,763 unique variants) were used in meta-analyses. We found 13 replicated and 159 non-replicated (UK Biobank only) loci with significant 2df joint tests that were predominantly driven by main effects and have been previously reported. Four novel interaction loci were identified with 1df P < 5×10-8 in meta-analysis. The lead variant in the GJB6-GJB2-GJA3 gene cluster, rs112803755 (A>G; minor allele frequency = 0.041), shows exclusively interaction effects. The minor allele is significantly associated with decreased TAGs in individuals with fish oil supplementation, but with increased TAGs in those without supplementation. This locus is significantly associated with higher GJB2 expression of connexin 26 in adipose tissue; connexin activity is known to change upon exposure to omega-3 fatty acids. Significant interaction effects were also found in three other loci in the genes SLC12A3 (HDL-C), ABCA6 (LDL-C), and MLXIPL (LDL-C), but highly significant main effects are also present. Our study identifies novel gene-diet interaction effects for four genetic loci, whose effects on blood lipids are modified by fish oil supplementation. These findings highlight the need and possibility for personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Francis
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Yitang Sun
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jingqi Zhou
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - J. Thomas Brenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Departments of Nutrition and Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kaixiong Ye
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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Noori T, Dehpour AR, Sureda A, Sobarzo-Sanchez E, Shirooie S. Role of natural products for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 898:173974. [PMID: 33652057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Negative psychological and physiological consequences of neurodegenerative disorders represent a high social and health cost. Among the neurodegenerative disorders Alzheimer's disease (AD) is recognized as a leading neurodegenerative condition and a primary cause of dementia in the elderlys. AD is considered as neurodegenerative disorder that progressively impairs cognitive function and memory. According to current epidemiological data, about 50 milLion people worldwide are suffering from AD. The primary symptoms of AD are almost inappreciable and usually comprise forgetfulness of recent events. Numerous processes are involved in the development of AD, for example oxidative stress (OS) mainly due to mitochondrial dysfunction, intracellular the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau (τ) proteins in the form of neurofibrillary tangles, excessive the accumulation of extracellular plaques of beta-amyloid (Aβ), genetic and environmental factors. Running treatments only attenuate symptoms and temporarily reduce the rate of cognitive progression associated with AD. This means that most treatments focus only on controlLing symptoms, particularly in the initial stages of the disease. In the past, the first choice of treatment was based on natural ingredients. In this sense, diverse natural products (NPs) are capable to decrease the symptoms and alleviate the development of several diseases including AD attracting the attention of the scientific community and the pharmaceutical industry. Specifically, numerous NPs including flavonoids, gingerols, tannins, anthocyanins, triterpenes and alkaloids have been shown anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-amyloidogenic, and anti-choLinesterase properties. This review provide a summary of the pathogenesis and the therapeutic goals of AD. It also discusses the available data on various plants and isolated natural compounds used to prevent and diminish the symptoms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Noori
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, TUMS, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), University Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca E-07122, Balearic Islands, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sanchez
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Samira Shirooie
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Vegan Diet and Bone Health-Results from the Cross-Sectional RBVD Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020685. [PMID: 33669942 PMCID: PMC7924854 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific evidence suggests that a vegan diet might be associated with impaired bone health. Therefore, a cross-sectional study (n = 36 vegans, n = 36 omnivores) was used to investigate the associations of veganism with calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurements, along with the investigation of differences in the concentrations of nutrition- and bone-related biomarkers between vegans and omnivores. This study revealed lower levels in the QUS parameters in vegans compared to omnivores, e.g., broadband ultrasound attenuation (vegans: 111.8 ± 10.7 dB/MHz, omnivores: 118.0 ± 10.8 dB/MHz, p = 0.02). Vegans had lower levels of vitamin A, B2, lysine, zinc, selenoprotein P, n-3 fatty acids, urinary iodine, and calcium levels, while the concentrations of vitamin K1, folate, and glutamine were higher in vegans compared to omnivores. Applying a reduced rank regression, 12 out of the 28 biomarkers were identified to contribute most to bone health, i.e., lysine, urinary iodine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, selenoprotein P, vitamin A, leucine, α-klotho, n-3 fatty acids, urinary calcium/magnesium, vitamin B6, and FGF23. All QUS parameters increased across the tertiles of the pattern score. The study provides evidence of lower bone health in vegans compared to omnivores, additionally revealing a combination of nutrition-related biomarkers, which may contribute to bone health. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Blaurock J, Kaiser B, Stelzl T, Weech M, Fallaize R, Franco RZ, Hwang F, Lovegrove J, Finglas PM, Gedrich K. Dietary Quality in Vegetarian and Omnivorous Female Students in Germany: A Retrospective Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1888. [PMID: 33669236 PMCID: PMC7919835 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vegetarian diets have gained in popularity, especially among highly educated women, and are considered beneficial to health. Comparative studies assessing the diet of vegetarians against omnivores are rather limited and often provide ambivalent results. Therefore, this study examined the nutrient intake and nutritional quality of vegetarian and omnivorous diets in a group of 61 female students in Germany. Habitual dietary intake was evaluated using a validated graphical online food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Differences in nutrient intakes were analyzed by Mann-Whitney-U-Tests. Odds Ratios (OR) were calculated for vegetarians exceeding dietary reference values (DRV) compared to omnivores. The overall nutritional quality was assessed using the Healthy-Eating-Index-2015 (HEI-2015). In omnivores, intakes of total energy from saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-n3-PUFA), cholesterol, sucrose, lactose, retinol, and cobalamin were significantly higher than in vegetarians. Significantly lower intakes were observed for fiber, magnesium, and beta-carotene. Significant OR were detected for total fat (OR = 0.29), SFA (OR = 0.04), beta-carotene (OR = 4.55), and cobalamin (OR = 0.32). HEI-2015 scores were higher for vegetarians than for omnivores (79 points versus 74 points) and significant differences were recorded for the HEI-2015 components dairy, seafood & plant proteins, fatty acids, added sugars, and saturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Blaurock
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (J.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Birgit Kaiser
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (J.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Tamara Stelzl
- Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Michelle Weech
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (M.W.); (R.F.); (J.L.)
| | - Rosalind Fallaize
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (M.W.); (R.F.); (J.L.)
| | | | - Faustina Hwang
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DH, UK;
| | - Julie Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (M.W.); (R.F.); (J.L.)
| | | | - Kurt Gedrich
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (J.B.); (B.K.)
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Cheese fortification through the incorporation of UFA-rich sources: A review of recent (2010-2020) evidence. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05785. [PMID: 33553712 PMCID: PMC7851337 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cheese is a widely consumed dairy product with high saturated fatty acids (SFA) content, and with other high nutritional quality components. Due to the link of SFA and different diseases, many studies have replaced the cheese fat content with unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) rich sources to improve its nutritional quality. The fat replacement has physicochemical, textural, and sensory effects on dairy matrix. To the food science is mandatory to know which technological strategies of milk processing improve the quality of the end products. The most relevant results reveal that fish oil (FO) and flaxseed oil (FSO) have been the most researched UFA-rich sources, microencapsulation has been the most studied incorporation technology because it allows the oil entrapment with minimal effects on the cheese quality, and non-thermal technologies allow greater UFA fortification in cheese, improving its nutritional quality. Finally, the development of fortified cheeses with UFA-rich sources has been found as an innovative strategy to obtain high quality products with functional potential.
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Rozner R, Vernikov J, Griess-Fishheimer S, Travinsky T, Penn S, Schwartz B, Mesilati-Stahy R, Argov-Argaman N, Shahar R, Monsonego-Ornan E. The Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Different Sources in Bone Development. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113494. [PMID: 33202985 PMCID: PMC7697266 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients that must be obtained from the diet. We have previously showed that endogenous n-3 PUFAs contribute to skeletal development and bone quality in fat-1 mice. Unlike other mammals, these transgenic mice, carry the n-3 desaturase gene and thus can convert n-6 to n-3 PUFAs endogenously. Since this model does not mimic dietary exposure to n-3 PUFAs, diets rich in fish and flaxseed oils were used to further elucidate the role of n-3 PUFAs in bone development. Our investigation reveals that dietary n-3 PUFAs decrease fat accumulation in the liver, lower serum fat levels, and alter fatty acid (FA) content in liver and serum. Bone analyses show that n-3 PUFAs improve mechanical properties, which were measured using a three-point bending test, but exert complex effects on bone structure that vary according to its source. In a micro-CT analysis, we found that the flaxseed oil diet improves trabecular bone micro-architecture, whereas the fish oil diet promotes higher bone mineral density (BMD) with no effect on trabecular bone. The transcriptome characterization of bone by RNA-seq identified regulatory mechanisms of n-3 PUFAs via modulation of the cell cycle and peripheral circadian rhythm genes. These results extend our knowledge and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of bone remodeling regulation induced by different sources of dietary n-3 PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Rozner
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.R.); (J.V.); (S.G.-F.); (T.T.); (S.P.); (B.S.)
| | - Janna Vernikov
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.R.); (J.V.); (S.G.-F.); (T.T.); (S.P.); (B.S.)
| | - Shelley Griess-Fishheimer
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.R.); (J.V.); (S.G.-F.); (T.T.); (S.P.); (B.S.)
| | - Tamar Travinsky
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.R.); (J.V.); (S.G.-F.); (T.T.); (S.P.); (B.S.)
| | - Svetlana Penn
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.R.); (J.V.); (S.G.-F.); (T.T.); (S.P.); (B.S.)
| | - Betty Schwartz
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.R.); (J.V.); (S.G.-F.); (T.T.); (S.P.); (B.S.)
| | - Ronit Mesilati-Stahy
- Animal Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.M.-S.); (N.A.-A.)
| | - Nurit Argov-Argaman
- Animal Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.M.-S.); (N.A.-A.)
| | - Ron Shahar
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;
| | - Efrat Monsonego-Ornan
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.R.); (J.V.); (S.G.-F.); (T.T.); (S.P.); (B.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Chitre NM, Moniri NH, Murnane KS. Omega-3 Fatty Acids as Druggable Therapeutics for Neurodegenerative Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:735-749. [PMID: 31724519 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666191114093749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are commonly associated with a complex pattern of pathophysiological hallmarks, including increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which makes their treatment challenging. Omega-3 Fatty Acids (O3FA) are natural products with reported neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. These effects have been attributed to their incorporation into neuronal membranes or through the activation of intracellular or recently discovered cell-surface receptors (i.e., Free-Fatty Acid Receptors; FFAR). Molecular docking studies have investigated the roles of O3FA as agonists of FFAR and have led to the development of receptor-specific targeted agonists for therapeutic purposes. Moreover, novel formulation strategies for targeted delivery of O3FA to the brain have supported their development as therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders. Despite the compelling evidence of the beneficial effects of O3FA for several neuroprotective functions, they are currently only available as unregulated dietary supplements, with only a single FDA-approved prescription product, indicated for triglyceride reduction. This review highlights the relative safety and efficacy of O3FA, their drug-like properties, and their capacity to be formulated in clinically viable drug delivery systems. Interestingly, the presence of cardiac conditions such as hypertriglyceridemia is associated with brain pathophysiological hallmarks of neurodegeneration, such as neuroinflammation, thereby further suggesting potential therapeutic roles of O3FA for neurodegenerative disorders. Taken together, this review article summarizes and integrates the compelling evidence regarding the feasibility of developing O3FA and their synthetic derivatives as potential drugs for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha M Chitre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nader H Moniri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kevin S Murnane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Ayee MAA, Bunker BC, De Groot JL. Membrane modulatory effects of omega-3 fatty acids: Analysis of molecular level interactions. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2020; 86:57-81. [PMID: 33837698 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been shown to reduce the risk of death in patients with cardiovascular disease and alleviate the symptoms of other inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms of action of these effects remain unclear. It has been postulated that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids modify cell membranes by incorporation into the membrane and altering the signaling properties of cellular receptors. In this chapter, we explore the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cell membrane structure and function. We present a review of the current evidence for the health benefits of these compounds and explore the molecular mechanisms through which omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids interact with membrane lipids and modulate bilayer structure. Using computational models of multicomponent phospholipid bilayers, we assess the consequences of incorporation of these fatty acids on membrane lipid packing, water permeation, and membrane structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela A A Ayee
- Department of Engineering, Dordt University, Sioux Center, IA, United States.
| | - Brendan C Bunker
- Department of Engineering, Dordt University, Sioux Center, IA, United States
| | - Jordan L De Groot
- Department of Engineering, Dordt University, Sioux Center, IA, United States
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45
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Zhang JY, Wang XB, Hu J, Kim IH. Effects of dietary supplementation with graded levels of omega-3 fatty acids on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood profile, faecal microbial in weaning pigs. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1813738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ying Zhang
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Bin Wang
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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46
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Chen C, Wang S, Hu Y, Zhang M, He X, You C, Wen X, Monroig Ó, Tocher DR, Li Y. miR-26a mediates LC-PUFA biosynthesis by targeting the Lxrα-Srebp1 pathway in the marine teleost Siganus canaliculatus. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13875-13886. [PMID: 32759307 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs have been recently shown to be important regulators of lipid metabolism. However, the mechanisms of microRNA-mediated regulation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis in vertebrates remain largely unknown. Herein, we for the first time addressed the role of miR-26a in LC-PUFA biosynthesis in the marine rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus The results showed that miR-26a was significantly down-regulated in liver of rabbitfish reared in brackish water and in S. canaliculatus hepatocyte line (SCHL) incubated with the LC-PUFA precursor α-linolenic acid, suggesting that miR-26a may be involved in LC-PUFA biosynthesis because of its abundance being regulated by factors affecting LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Opposite patterns were observed in the expression of liver X receptor α (lxrα) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (srebp1), as well as the LC-PUFA biosynthesis-related genes (Δ4 fads2, Δ6Δ5 fads2, and elovl5) in SCHL cells incubated with α-linolenic acid. Luciferase reporter assays revealed rabbitfish lxrα as a target of miR-26a, and overexpression of miR-26a in SCHL cells markedly reduced protein levels of Lxrα, Srebp1, and Δ6Δ5 Fads2 induced by the agonist T0901317. Moreover, increasing endogenous Lxrα by knockdown of miR-26a facilitated Srebp1 activation and concomitant increased expression of genes involved in LC-PUFA biosynthesis and consequently promoted LC-PUFA biosynthesis both in vitro and in vivo These results indicate a critical role of miR-26a in regulating LC-PUFA biosynthesis through targeting the Lxrα-Srebp1 pathway and provide new insights into the regulatory network controlling LC-PUFA biosynthesis and accumulation in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Research Center for Nutrition, Feed and Healthy Breeding of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Research Center for Nutrition, Feed and Healthy Breeding of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Research Center for Nutrition, Feed and Healthy Breeding of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Research Center for Nutrition, Feed and Healthy Breeding of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xianda He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Research Center for Nutrition, Feed and Healthy Breeding of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Cuihong You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Research Center for Nutrition, Feed and Healthy Breeding of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaobo Wen
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Castellón, Spain
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Yuanyou Li
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.
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Sun J, Chen C, You C, Liu Y, Ma H, Monroig Ó, Tocher DR, Wang S, Li Y. The miR-15/16 Cluster Is Involved in the Regulation of Vertebrate LC-PUFA Biosynthesis by Targeting pparγ as Demonostrated in Rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:475-487. [PMID: 32418070 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms play important roles in the regulation of long-chain (≥ C20) polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis. Here, we address a potentially important role of the miR-15/16 cluster in the regulation of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus. In rabbitfish, miR-15 and miR-16 were both highly responsive to fatty acids affecting LC-PUFA biosynthesis and displayed a similar expression pattern in a range of rabbitfish tissues. A common potential binding site for miR-15 and miR-16 was predicted in the 3'UTR of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (pparγ), an inhibitor of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in rabbitfish, and luciferase reporter assays revealed that pparγ was a potential target of miR-15/16 cluster. In vitro individual or co-overexpression of miR-15 and miR-16 in rabbitfish hepatocyte line (SCHL) inhibited both mRNA and protein levels of Pparγ, and increased the mRNA levels of Δ6Δ5 fads2, Δ4 fads2, and elovl5, key enzymes of LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Inhibition of pparγ was more pronounced with co-overexpression of miR-15 and miR-16 than with individual overexpression in SCHL. Knockdown of miR-15/16 cluster gave opposite results, and increased mRNA levels of LC-PUFA biosynthesis enzymes were observed after knockdown of pparγ. Furthermore, miR-15/16 cluster overexpression significantly increased the contents of 22:6n-3, 20:4n-6 and total LC-PUFA in SCHL with higher 18:4n-3/18:3n-3 and 22:6n-3/22:5n-3 ratio. These suggested that miR-15 and miR-16 as a miRNA cluster together enhanced LC-PUFA biosynthesis by targeting pparγ in rabbitfish. This is the first report of the participation of miR-15/16 cluster in LC-PUFA biosynthesis in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Cuiying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Cuihong You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Yuanyou Li
- School of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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48
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Pecoraro L, Tenero L, Pietrobelli A, Dalle Carbonare L, Czernin S, Widhalm K, Alvarez-Perea A, Piacentini G. Canned tuna tolerance in children with IgE-mediated fish allergy: an allergological and nutritional view. Minerva Pediatr 2020; 72:408-415. [PMID: 32686923 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4946.20.05972-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Scientific research, diagnostic tools and clinical experience have shown that children suffering from IgE-mediated fish allergy do not need to follow a strict exclusion diet. In fact, they could tolerate some species of fish, which could be reintroduced in the diet by verifying their tolerance with an oral food challenge in a clinical setting. Consequently, it is possible to look a new insight on diagnosis and management of IgE-mediated fish allergy in children, considering the use of canned tuna in clinical settings. Authors performed a literature search through the Cochrane Library and Medline/PubMed databases. All quantitative and qualitative pediatric studies involving diagnosis and management of IgE-mediated fish allergy and the use of canned tuna in clinical settings were considered. Articles related to allergological and nutritional features of fish, and especially canned tuna, were selected. This research was conducted on May 2020. Canned tuna shows peculiar allergological and nutritional characteristics. Relating to allergy, canning process, characterized by cooking the fish under pressure for a time equal to about 7 hours, can lead a conformational change in parvalbumin, making it less allergenic. In terms of nutrition, canned tuna contains B, D and A vitamins and, above all, omega-3 fatty acids and shows a favourable and significantly sustainable nutritional profile. Lower allergenicity, adequate nutritional value and its rich availability in markets at reasonable costs, could make the use of canned tuna as a solution with an excellent risk/benefit ratio in the field of IgE-mediated fish allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pecoraro
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy - .,Clinic of Pediatric, ASST Mantova, Mantova, Italy -
| | - Laura Tenero
- , Division of Pediatric, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Angelo Pietrobelli
- , Division of Pediatric, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Sarah Czernin
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Austrian Academic Institute for Clinical Nutrition, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Austrian Academic Institute for Clinical Nutrition, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Giorgio Piacentini
- , Division of Pediatric, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Lee KH, Seong HJ, Kim G, Jeong GH, Kim JY, Park H, Jung E, Kronbichler A, Eisenhut M, Stubbs B, Solmi M, Koyanagi A, Hong SH, Dragioti E, de Rezende LFM, Jacob L, Keum N, van der Vliet HJ, Cho E, Veronese N, Grosso G, Ogino S, Song M, Radua J, Jung SJ, Thompson T, Jackson SE, Smith L, Yang L, Oh H, Choi EK, Shin JI, Giovannucci EL, Gamerith G. Consumption of Fish and ω-3 Fatty Acids and Cancer Risk: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1134-1149. [PMID: 32488249 PMCID: PMC7490175 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have suggested that ω-3 fatty acid intake may have a protective effect on cancer risk; however, its true association with cancer risk remains controversial. We performed an umbrella review of meta-analyses to summarize and evaluate the evidence for the association between ω-3 fatty acid intake and cancer outcomes. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to December 1, 2018. We included meta-analyses of observational studies that examined associations between intake of fish or ω-3 fatty acid and cancer risk (gastrointestinal, liver, breast, gynecologic, prostate, brain, lung, and skin) and determined the level of evidence of associations. In addition, we appraised the quality of the evidence of significant meta-analyses by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. We initially screened 598 articles, and 15 articles, including 57 meta-analyses, were eligible. Among 57 meta-analyses, 15 reported statistically significant results. We found that 12 meta-analyses showed weak evidence of an association between ω-3 fatty acid intake and risk of the following types of cancer: liver cancer (n = 4 of 6), breast cancer (n = 3 of 14), prostate cancer (n = 3 of 11), and brain tumor (n = 2 of 2). In the other 3 meta-analyses, studies of endometrial cancer and skin cancer, there were no assessable data for determining the evidence levels. No meta-analysis showed convincing, highly suggestive, or suggestive evidence of an association. In the sensitivity analysis of meta-analyses by study design, we found weak associations between ω-3 fatty acid intake and breast cancer risk in cohort studies, but no statistically significant association in case-control studies. However, the opposite results were found in case of brain tumor risk. Although ω-3 fatty acids have been studied in several meta-analyses with regard to a wide range of cancer outcomes, only weak associations were identified in some cancer types, with several limitations. Considering the nonsignificant or weak evidence level, clinicians and researchers should cautiously interpret reported associations between ω-3 fatty acid consumption and cancer risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keum Hwa Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Seong
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaeun Kim
- Keimyung University College of Nursing, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hun Jeong
- College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Yeob Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbong Park
- Yonsei University Graduate School, Department of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Jung
- Yonsei University Graduate School, Department of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Andreas Kronbichler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Eisenhut
- Department of Pediatrics, Luton & Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom,Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu/CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sung Hwi Hong
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Louis Jacob
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu/CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - NaNa Keum
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hans J van der Vliet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicola Veronese
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Cancer Immunology and Cancer Epidemiology Programs, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom,Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sun Jae Jung
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Trevor Thompson
- Department of Psychology, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Jackson
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada,Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Hans Oh
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Eun Kyoung Choi
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Address correspondence to EKC (e-mail: )
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Address correspondence to JIS (e-mail: )
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriele Gamerith
- Internal Medicine V, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Gonzalez-Silvera D, Izquierdo-Gomez D, Sanchez-Jerez P, Elbal MT, López-Jiménez JA, Martínez-López FJ. Influence of aquaculture waste on fatty acid profiles and gonad maturation of wild fish aggregations at fish farms. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 156:104902. [PMID: 32056797 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wild fish belonging to four species belonging to different trophic groups were captured at three distances from fish farm facilities: long distance (>5 Km), medium distance (1.5 Km) and close to sea-cages. Flesh, brain, liver and gonads were sampled for fatty acid analysis. Fish aggregated near sea-cages showed accumulation of fatty acids of vegetable origin in the studied tissues, due to surplus feed consumption or via predation of fish that consumed the feed. Gonads accumulated vegetable fatty acids in different manner in the different species, and the species least and most influenced by fish-feeds were selected for gonad histological examination. Results showed an acceleration of the final stages of the oocyte development in fish aggregated near fish farms compared to fish captured at long distance. Differences in oocyte development were more acute in the species which incorporated higher quantities of vegetable fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gonzalez-Silvera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - D Izquierdo-Gomez
- Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, Spain
| | - P Sanchez-Jerez
- Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, Spain
| | - M T Elbal
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - J A López-Jiménez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - F J Martínez-López
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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