1
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Surapaneni SG, Choudhari SN, Avhad SV, Ambade AV. Permeable polymersomes from temperature and pH dual stimuli-responsive PVCL-b-PLL block copolymers for enhanced cell internalization and lysosome targeting. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 151:213454. [PMID: 37150082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of dual stimuli-responsive block copolymers comprising temperature-responsive poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL) and biodegradable pH-responsive poly(l-lysine) (PLL) of varying chain length were synthesized by a combination of free radical polymerization and ring opening polymerization. The block copolymers formed micelles and vesicles (polymersomes) in response to temperature and pH, respectively, in aqueous solution. The nanoassemblies were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering techniques. Encapsulation of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic dyes in the polymersomes was shown. Doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded in the polymersomes and its controlled release in response to the two stimuli, independently and jointly, was studied. The drug was found to be released due to stimuli-induced increased permeability without disassembly of the polymersomes. A significant increase in the cellular uptake of the drug-loaded polymersomes at hyperthermia conditions was demonstrated at 41 °C and release of the drug upon localization in lysosomes was observed. Cellular internalization pathway of the polymersomes was investigated by competitive inhibition assay and a combination of endocytic pathways dominated by caveolae-mediated mechanism was found to be operative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Geetika Surapaneni
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shakeb N Choudhari
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Shankarrao V Avhad
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashootosh V Ambade
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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2
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Zhang L, Chu C, Lin X, Sun R, Li Z, Chen S, Liu Y, Wu J, Yu Z, Liu X. Tunable Nanoparticles with Aggregation-Induced Emission Heater for Precise Synergistic Photothermal and Thermodynamic Oral Cancer Therapy of Patient-Derived Tumor Xenograft. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2205780. [PMID: 37078783 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The fluorophores in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) biological window (1000 - 1700 nm) show great application prospects in the fields of biology and optical communications. However, both excellent radiative transition and nonradiative transition cannot be achieved simultaneously for the majority of traditional fluorophores. Herein, tunable nanoparticles formulated with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) heater are developed rationally. The system can be implemented via the development of an ideal synergistic system that can not only produce photothermal from nonspecific triggers but also trigger carbon radical release. Once accumulating in tumors and subsequently being irradiated with 808 nm laser, the nanoparticles (NMB@NPs) encapsulated with NMDPA-MT-BBTD (NMB) are splitted due to the photothermal effect of NMB, leading to the decomposition of azo bonds in the nanoparticle matrix to generate carbon radical. Accompanied by second near-infrared (NIR-II) window emission from the NMB, fluorescence image-guided thermodynamic therapy (TDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) which significantly inhibited the growth of oral cancer and negligible systemic toxicity is achieved synergistically. Taken together, this AIE luminogens-based synergistic photothermal-thermodynamic strategy brings a new insight into the design of superior versatile fluorescent NPs for precise biomedical applications and holds great promise to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leitao Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chengyan Chu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xuefeng Lin
- Pingshan District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523018, China
| | - Zibo Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523018, China
| | - Sijia Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yinqiao Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523018, China
| | - Xiqiang Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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3
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Howard D, Turnbull T, Paterson DJ, Thierry B, Kempson I. Cell Size as a Primary Determinant in Targeted Nanoparticle Uptake. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4222-4231. [PMID: 36027561 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP) internalization by cells is complex, highly heterogeneous, and fundamentally important for nanomedicine. We report powerful probabilistic statistics from single-cell data on quantitative NP uptake of PEG-coated transferrin receptor-targeted gold NPs for cancer-derived and fibroblast cells according to their cell size, receptor expression, and receptor density. The smaller cancer cells had a greater receptor density and more efficient uptake of targeted NPs. However, simply due to fibroblasts being larger with more receptors, they exhibited greater NP uptake. While highly heterogeneous, targeted NP uptake strongly correlated with receptor expression. When uptake was normalized to cell size, no correlation existed. Consequently, skewed population distributions in cell sizes explain the distribution in NP uptake. Furthermore, exposure to the transferrin receptor-targeted NPs alters the fibroblast size and receptor expression, suggesting that the receptor-targeted NPs may interfere with the metabolic flux and nutrient exchange, which could assist in explaining the altered regulation of cells exposed to nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Howard
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Salisbury, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Tyron Turnbull
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Salisbury, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - David J Paterson
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Salisbury, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Ivan Kempson
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Salisbury, South Australia 5095, Australia
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4
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Koga MM, Comberlato A, Rodríguez-Franco HJ, Bastings MMC. Strategic Insights into Engineering Parameters Affecting Cell Type-Specific Uptake of DNA-Based Nanomaterials. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2586-2594. [PMID: 35641881 PMCID: PMC9198982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
DNA-based nanomaterials are gaining popularity as uniform and programmable bioengineering tools as a result of recent solutions to their weak stability under biological conditions. The DNA nanotechnology platform uniquely allows decoupling of engineering parameters to comprehensively study the effect of each upon cellular encounter. We here present a systematic analysis of the effect of surface parameters of DNA-based nanoparticles on uptake in three different cell models: tumor cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The influence of surface charge, stabilizing coating, fluorophore types, functionalization technique, and particle concentration employed is found to cause significant differences in material uptake among these cell types. We therefore provide new insights into the large variance in cell type-specific uptake, highlighting the necessity of proper engineering and careful assay development when DNA-based materials are used as tools in bioengineering and as future nanotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna M Koga
- Programmable Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute of Materials/Interfaculty Bioengineering Institute, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Alice Comberlato
- Programmable Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute of Materials/Interfaculty Bioengineering Institute, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Hugo J Rodríguez-Franco
- Programmable Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute of Materials/Interfaculty Bioengineering Institute, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Maartje M C Bastings
- Programmable Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute of Materials/Interfaculty Bioengineering Institute, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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5
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Souri M, Bagherzadeh MA, Jahromi MAM, Mohammad-Beigi H, Abdoli A, Mir H, Roustazadeh A, Pirestani M, Zangabad PS, Kiani J, Bakhshayesh A, Jahani M, Joghataei MT, Karimi M. Poly-L-Lysine/Hyaluronan Nanocarriers As a Novel Nanosystem for Gene Delivery. J Microsc 2022; 287:32-44. [PMID: 35443072 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present research comes up with a novel DNA-loaded poly-l-lysine (PLL) / hyaluronan (HA) nanocarrier (DNA-loaded PLL/HA NCs) for gene delivery applications, as a promising candidate for gene delivery into diverse cells. A straightforward approach was employed to prepare such a nanosystem through masking DNA-loaded PLL molecules by HA. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyze the interaction of the molecules as well as the physicochemical properties of the NCs. The NCs showed a negative charge of -24 ± 3 mV, with an average size of 138 ± 6 nm, in a ellipsoid-shape with smooth surfaces. The DNA loading efficiency (LE) measured by DNA absorbance was around 95 %. The MTT assay showed that the developed NCs are non-toxic to the cells. Furthermore,the uptake of the DNA-loaded PLL/HA NCs by the human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293T cells was evaluated by a flow cytometry method, and demonstrated high potential cellular uptake over 90% for transferring the gene to HEK-293T cells at the optimized conditions. Therefore, the DNA-loaded PLL/HA NCs are the potent strategy for developing nanosystems for gene delivery applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Souri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Advances Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mirza Ali Mofazzal Jahromi
- Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Department of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Hossein Mohammad-Beigi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Amir Abdoli
- Department of Parasitology, and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Hamed Mir
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Abazar Roustazadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Majid Pirestani
- Parasitology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parham Sahandi Zangabad
- Advances Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Kiani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Jahani
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Advances Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Hifni B, Khan M, Devereux SJ, Byrne MH, Quinn SJ, Simpson JC. Investigation of the Cellular Destination of Fluorescently Labeled Carbon Nanohorns in Cultured Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6790-6801. [PMID: 35019342 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The high surface area, facile functionalization, and biocompatibility of carbon nanohorns (CNHs) make them attractive for many applications, including drug delivery. The cellular destination of nanomaterials dictates both the therapeutic application and the potential toxicity. Identifying the uptake mechanism is challenging as several endocytic pathways have been identified that facilitate cellular entry. Here, the cellular uptake of fluorescently labeled CNHs was assessed by utilizing quantitative cell-based assays to determine the factors influencing how internalization occurs and the destinations they reach in HeLa cells. Cell viability assays suggest that about 80% of the cells remained viable even at the highest concentration of 20 μg/mL exposure to CNHs. Uptake studies revealed that when pulse-chase conditions were applied, CNHs were seen to be localized both at the cell periphery and in a juxtanuclear pattern inside HeLa cells, in the latter case colocalizing with the lysosomal marker LAMP1. RNA interference studies, using a panel of RNA tools to individually deplete key molecules associated with the endocytic machinery, failed to block the internalization of CNHs into cells, suggesting that multiple mechanisms of endocytosis are used by this particle type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriah Hifni
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 N2E5, Ireland.,School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 N2E5, Ireland
| | - Mona Khan
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 N2E5, Ireland
| | - Stephen J Devereux
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 N2E5, Ireland
| | - Maria H Byrne
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 N2E5, Ireland
| | - Susan J Quinn
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 N2E5, Ireland
| | - Jeremy C Simpson
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 N2E5, Ireland
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7
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Zhang J, Chen C, Fu H, Yu J, Sun Y, Huang H, Tang Y, Shen N, Duan Y. MicroRNA-125a-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles Alleviate Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Restoring Effector/Regulatory T Cells Balance. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4414-4429. [PMID: 32203665 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a common lethal autoimmune disease, is characterized by effector/regulatory T cells imbalance. Current therapies are either inefficient or have severe side effects. MicroRNA-125a (miR-125a) can stabilize Treg-mediated self-tolerance by targeting effector programs, but it is significantly downregulated in peripheral T cells of patients with SLE. Therefore, overexpression of miR-125a may have therapeutic potential to treat SLE. Considering the stability and targeted delivery of miRNA remains a major challenge in vivo, we constructed a monomethoxy (polyethylene glycol)-poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)-poly(l-lysine) (mPEG-PLGA-PLL) nanodelivery system to deliver miR-125a into splenic T cells. Results demonstrate that miR-125a-loaded mPEG-PLGA-PLL (PEALmiR-125a) nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit good biocompatibility and protect miR-125a from degradation, thereby prolonging the circulatory time of miRNA in vivo. In addition, PEALmiR-125a NPs are preferentially enriched in a pathological spleen and efficiently deliver miR-125a into the splenic T cells in SLE mice models. The PEALmiR-125a NPs treatment significantly alleviates SLE disease progression by reversing the imbalance of effector/regulatory T cells. Collectively, the PEALmiR-125a NPs show excellent therapeutic efficacy and safety, which may provide an effective treatment for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chuanrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanjia Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, United States
| | - Yourong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, China
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8
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Richter F, Martin L, Leer K, Moek E, Hausig F, Brendel JC, Traeger A. Tuning of endosomal escape and gene expression by functional groups, molecular weight and transfection medium: a structure-activity relationship study. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:5026-5041. [PMID: 32319993 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of genetic material by non-viral transfer systems is still in its initial stages, but there are high expectations for the development of targeted therapies. However, nucleic acids cannot enter cells without help, they must be well protected to prevent degradation and overcome a variety of biological barriers, the endosomal barrier being one of the greatest cellular challenges. Herein, the structure-property-relationship was investigated in detail, using well-defined polymers. Polyacrylamides were synthesized via RAFT polymerization resulting in a polymer library of (i) different cationic groups as aminoethyl acrylamide (AEAm), dimethylaminoethyl acrylamide (DMAEAm), dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide (DMAPAm) and guanidinopropyl acrylamide (GPAm); (ii) different degree of polymerization; and investigated (iii) in different cell culture settings. The influence of molar mass and cationic moiety on complex formation with pDNA, cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency of the polymers were investigated. The systematic approach identified a pH-independent guanidinium-containing homopolymer (PGPAm89) as the polymer with the highest transfection efficiency and superior endosomal release under optimal conditions. Since PGPAm89 is not further protonated inside endosomes, common escape theories appear unsuitable. Therefore, the interaction with bis(monoacryloylglycerol)phosphate, a lipid specific for endosomal vesicles, was investigated. Our research suggests that the interactions between amines and lipids may be more relevant than anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Richter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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9
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Desai AS, Hunter MR, Kapustin AN. Using macropinocytosis for intracellular delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids to tumour cells. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180156. [PMID: 30967005 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acids are a rapidly emerging therapeutic modality with the potential to become the third major drug modality alongside antibodies and small molecules. Owing to the unfavourable physico-chemical characteristics of nucleic acids, such as large size and negative charge, intracellular delivery remains a fundamental challenge to realizing this potential. Delivery technologies such as lipids, polymers and peptides have been used to facilitate delivery, with many of the most successful technologies using macropinocytosis to gain cellular entry; mostly by default rather than design. Fundamental knowledge of macropinocytosis is rapidly growing, presenting opportunities to better tailor design strategies to target this pathway. Furthermore, certain types of tumour cells have been observed to have high levels of macropinocytic activity and traffic cargo to favourable destinations within the cell for endosomal release, providing unique opportunities to further use this entry route for drug delivery. In this article, we review the delivery systems reported to be taken up by macropinocytosis and what is known about the mechanisms for regulating macropinocytosis in tumour cells. From this analysis, we identify new opportunities for exploiting this pathway for the intracellular delivery of nucleic acids to tumour cells. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Macropinocytosis'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan S Desai
- AstraZeneca, IMED Biotech Unit, Pharmaceutical Sciences , Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH , UK
| | - Morag R Hunter
- AstraZeneca, IMED Biotech Unit, Pharmaceutical Sciences , Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH , UK
| | - Alexander N Kapustin
- AstraZeneca, IMED Biotech Unit, Pharmaceutical Sciences , Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH , UK
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10
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Flynn N, Ranjan A, Ramsey JD. Intracellular Delivery of Glucose Oxidase for Enhanced Cytotoxicity toward PSMA-Expressing Prostate Cancer Cells. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1900183. [PMID: 31507074 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) forming enzymes are of significant interest as anticancer agents due to their potent cytotoxicity. A key challenge in their clinical translation is attaining site-specific delivery and minimizing biodistribution to healthy tissues. Here, complexes composed of the ROS enzyme glucose oxidase (GOX), poly-l-lysine-grafted-polyethylene glycol (PLL-g-PEG), and anti-prostate specific membrane antigen (anti-PSMA) monoclonal antibody are synthesized for localized delivery and uptake in prostate cancer cells. Formation of anti-PSMA-PLL-g-PEG/GOX results in nanoscale complexes ≈30 nm in diameter with a ζ-potential of 6 mV. The anti-PSMA-PLL-g-PEG/GOX complexes show significant cytotoxicity (≈60% reduction in cell viability) against PSMA-expressing LNCaP cells compared to unmodified GOX. Importantly, cytotoxicity in LNCaP cells occurrs concurrently with anti-PSMA-PLL-g-PEG/GOX uptake and increases in intracellular generation of ROS. These results demonstrate that cytotoxicity of ROS inducing enzymes can be enhanced by intracellular delivery compared to equivalent concentrations of free enzyme, providing a novel means for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Flynn
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Ashish Ranjan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Joshua D Ramsey
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
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11
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Zhang YT, Zhang K, Li Z, Zhang HY, Guo T, Li YY, Zhao JH, Feng NP. DOC-LS, a new liposome for dermal delivery, and its endocytosis by HaCaT and CCC-ESF-1 cells. IET Nanobiotechnol 2019; 12:1037-1041. [PMID: 30964010 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to investigate the uptake channels of skin cells through which coumarin 6, transported by deoxycholate-mediated liposomes (DOC-LS), was internalised; this was also compared against the action of conventional LS. Coumarin 6-loaded DOC-LS and LS were characterised for size distribution, zeta potential, and shape, and analysed in vitro in human epidermal immortal keratinocyte (HaCaT) (epidermal) and human embryonic skin fibroblast (CCC-ESF-1) (dermal) cell lines. Various endocytosis inhibitors were incubated with cells treated with the nanocarriers. Flow cytometry results indicated that HaCaT and CCC-ESF-1 cells internalise the tested preparations through pinocytotic vesicles, macropinocytosis, clathrin-mediated endocytic pathways, and via lysosomes, which consume a considerable amount of energy. The endocytosis pathways of DOC-LS and LS showed no difference. This study provides a basis for the application of LS being combined with a microneedle system for efficient intracellular drug delivery, targeting cutaneous histocyte disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Tai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Hui Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Nian-Ping Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Zhang L, Xu J, Wang F, Ding Y, Wang T, Jin G, Martz M, Gui Z, Ouyang P, Chen P. Histidine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptide for Cancer Drug Delivery and Its Uptake Mechanism. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:3513-3523. [PMID: 30673275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a drug delivery system based on the pH-responsive self-assembly and -disassembly behaviors of peptides. Here, a systematically designed histidine-rich lipidated peptide (NP1) is presented to encapsulate and deliver an anticancer drug ellipticine (EPT) into two model cells: non-small-cell lung carcinoma and Chinese hamster ovary cells. The mechanism of pH-responsive peptide self-assembly and -disassembly involved in the drug encapsulation and release process are extensively investigated. We found that NP1 could self-assemble as a spherical nanocomplex (diameter = 34.43 nm) in a neutral pH environment with EPT encapsulated and positively charged arginine amino acids aligned outward and EPT is released in an acidic environment due to the pH-triggered disassembly. Furthermore, the EPT-encapsulating peptide could achieve a mass loading ability of 18% (mass of loaded-EPT/mass of NP1) with optimization. More importantly, it is revealed that the positively charged arginine on the periphery of the NP1 peptides could greatly facilitate their direct translocation through the negatively charged plasma membrane via electrostatic interaction, instead of via endocytosis, which provides a more efficient uptake pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
- Sericultural Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu 212018 , China
- College of Biotechnology , Jiangsu University of Science and Technology , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu 212018 , China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhongzheng Gui
- Sericultural Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu 212018 , China
- College of Biotechnology , Jiangsu University of Science and Technology , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu 212018 , China
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - P Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
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13
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Synthesis and Characterization of a Nano-Polyplex system of GNRs-PDMAEA-pDNA: An Inert Self-Catalyzed Degradable Carrier for Facile Gene Delivery. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8112. [PMID: 29802331 PMCID: PMC5970195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering molecules at nano-scale is a promising approach in targeting and curing diseases. In this research, fabricated new hybrid system called nano-polyplex represents an example of the molecular engineering at nano-scale. Polymer of PDMAEAs with four different molecular weights were synthesized using the RAFT method, attached onto the gold nano-rod surface, which modified and produced a safe novel system with an average size less than 100 nm. The hybrid system was characterized by ultra violet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS), 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Zeta potential analyzer and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Features of higher transfection and lower toxicity compared to the previously reported polyplex of PDMAEA, as well as the gold standard PEI, have been shown in all molecular weights and defined N/P ratios (10–200). The ideal physicochemical properties for escaping from the cell barriers, covering the large volume of genetic material (pDNA) and high efficiency of loading polyplexes on GNRs’ surface make it an ideal carrier. The results of this effort pave way in designing a new generation of nanoparticle-based delivery systems for nucleic acid therapy and gene editing.
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14
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Kalinova R, Doumanov JA, Mladenova K, Janevska D, Georgieva M, Miloshev G, Topouzova-Hristova T, Dimitrov I. Rational Design of Polypeptide-Based Block Copolymer for Nonviral Gene Delivery. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radostina Kalinova
- Institute of Polymers; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Acad. G. Bonchev Str., block 103-A Sofia 1113 Bulgaria
| | - Jordan A. Doumanov
- Faculty of Biology; Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”; 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd. Sofia 1164 Bulgaria
| | - Kirilka Mladenova
- Faculty of Biology; Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”; 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd. Sofia 1164 Bulgaria
| | - Dushica Janevska
- Faculty of Biology; Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”; 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd. Sofia 1164 Bulgaria
| | - Milena Georgieva
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. R. Tsanev”; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21; Sofia 1113 Bulgaria
| | - George Miloshev
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. R. Tsanev”; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21; Sofia 1113 Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Topouzova-Hristova
- Faculty of Biology; Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”; 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd. Sofia 1164 Bulgaria
| | - Ivaylo Dimitrov
- Institute of Polymers; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Acad. G. Bonchev Str., block 103-A Sofia 1113 Bulgaria
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Yu Q, Chen J, Deng W, Cao X, Wang Y, Zhou J, Xu W, Du P, Wang Q, Yu J, Xu X. Direct reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts into neural cells via Porphyra yezoensis polysaccharide based high efficient gene co-delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:82. [PMID: 29137640 PMCID: PMC5686901 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cell source for transplantation therapy is always a prerequisite question to be solved in clinical applications. Neural cells are considered non-regenerable, which highly restrict their application in the treatment for nerve injury. Therefore, neural trans-differentiation based on gene transfection provides a new solution to this issue. Compared to viral strategy, non-viral gene delivery systems are considered as a more promising way to achieve this aim. This study centers on a novel application of Porphyra yezoensis polysaccharide as a non-viral gene carrier for the neural trans-differentiation of mouse fibroblasts. RESULTS Ethanediamine modified P. yezoensis polysaccharide (Ed-PYP) served as a gene carrier and a group of plasmids that encode Ascl1, Brn4, and Tcf3 (pABT) self-assembled into nanoparticles. Results demonstrated that Ed-PYP-pABT nanoparticles at Ed-PYP: pABT weight ratio of 40:1 was the optimal candidate for gene delivery. ELISA assay revealed the highest expression levels of NGF, BDNF and SHH at 14 days after last transfection. Immunofluorescence and western blot assays also showed robust expression of neural markers including Nestin, GFAP, β-3tubulin, NF200, GAP43 and MAP2, in induced 3T6 cells at this time point. CONCLUSION Overall, these findings indicated that the P. yezoensis polysaccharide-based non-viral gene co-delivery system is a promising strategy for the generation of neural cells, which might facilitate the developments in the recovery of neural injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtong Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pan Du
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 People’s Republic of China
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Kim T, Lemaster JE, Chen F, Li J, Jokerst JV. Photoacoustic Imaging of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Labeled with Prussian Blue-Poly(l-lysine) Nanocomplexes. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9022-9032. [PMID: 28759195 PMCID: PMC5630123 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic imaging is affordable and accessible without ionizing radiation. Photoacoustic imaging increases the contrast of traditional ultrasound and can offer good spatial resolution when used at high frequencies with excellent temporal resolution. Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) are an emerging photoacoustic contrast agent with strong optical absorption in the near-infrared region. In this study, we developed a simple and efficient method to label human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) with PBNPs and imaged them with photoacoustic imaging. First, PBNPs were synthesized by the reaction of FeCl3 with K4[Fe(CN)6] in the presence of citric acid and complexed with the cationic transfection agent poly-l-lysine (PLL). The PLL-coated PBNPs (PB-PLL nanocomplexes) have a maximum absorption peak at 715 nm and could efficiently label hMSCs. Cellular uptake of these nanocomplexes was studied using bright field, fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. The labeled stem cells were successfully differentiated into two downstream lineages of adipocytes and osteocytes, and they showed positive expression for surface markers of CD73, CD90, and CD105. No changes in viability or proliferation of the labeled cells were observed, and the secretome cytokine analysis indicated that the expression levels of 12 different proteins were not dysregulated by PBNP labeling. The optical properties of PBNPs were preserved postlabeling, suitable for the sensitive and quantitative detection of implanted cells. Labeled hMSCs exhibited strong photoacoustic contrast in vitro and in vivo when imaged at 730 nm, and the detection limit was 200 cells/μL in vivo. The photoacoustic signal increased as a function of cell concentration, indicating that the number of labeled cells can be quantified during and after cell transplantations. In hybrid ultrasound/photoacoustic imaging, this approach offers real-time and image-guided cellular injection even through an intact skull for brain intraparenchymal injections. Our labeling and imaging technique allowed the detection and monitoring of 5 × 104 mesenchymal stem cells in living mice over a period of 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeho Kim
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jeanne E. Lemaster
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science Program, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jin Li
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jesse V. Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science Program, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Corresponding Author
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17
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Szabó R, Sebestyén M, Kóczán G, Orosz Á, Mező G, Hudecz F. Cellular Uptake Mechanism of Cationic Branched Polypeptides with Poly[l-Lys] Backbone. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2017; 19:246-254. [PMID: 28276242 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.6b00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cationic macromolecular carriers can be effective carriers for small molecular compounds, drugs, epitopes, or nucleic acids. Polylysine-based polymeric branched polypeptides have been systematically studied on the level of cells and organisms as well. In the present study, we report our findings on the cellular uptake characteristics of nine structurally related polylysine-based polypeptides with cationic side chains composed of (i) single amino acid (poly[Lys(Xi)], XiK) or (ii) oligo[dl-alanine] (poly[Lys(dl-Alam)], AK) or (iii) oligo[dl-alanine] with an additional amino acid (X) at the terminal position (poly[Lys(Xi-dl-Alam)] (XAK)) or (iv) at the position next to the polylysine backbone (poly[Lys(dl-Alam-Xi)] (AXK)). In vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake were characterized on HT-29 human colon carcinoma and HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cell lines. Data indicate that the polycationic polypeptides studied are essentially nontoxic in the concentration range studied, and their uptake is very much dependent on the side chain structure (length, identity of amino acid X, and distance between the terminal positive charges) and also on the cell lines. Our findings in uptake inhibition studies suggest that predominantly macropinocytosis and caveole/lipid raft mediated endocytosis are involved. The efficacy of their internalization is markedly influenced by the hydrophobicity and charge properties of the amino acid X. Interestingly, the uptake properties of the these polypeptides show certain similarities to the entry pathways of several cell penetrating peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Szabó
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Pázmány Péter st. 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mónika Sebestyén
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Pázmány Péter st. 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Kóczán
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Pázmány Péter st. 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Orosz
- Department
of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó
u. 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mező
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Pázmány Péter st. 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Hudecz
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Pázmány Péter st. 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös L. University, Pázmány
Péter st. 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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18
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Nano-biomimetic carriers are implicated in mechanistic evaluation of intracellular gene delivery. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41507. [PMID: 28128339 PMCID: PMC5269746 DOI: 10.1038/srep41507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Several tissue specific non-viral carriers have been developed for gene delivery purposes. However, the inability to escape endosomes, undermines the efficacy of these carriers. Researchers inspired by HIV and influenza virus, have randomly used Gp41 and H5WYG fusogenic peptides in several gene delivery systems without any rational preference. Here for the first time, we have genetically engineered two Nano-biomimetic carriers composed of either HWYG (HNH) or Gp41 (GNH) that precisely provide identical conditions for the study and evaluation of these fusogenic peptides. The luciferase assay demonstrated a two-fold higher transfection efficiency of HNH compared to GNH. These nanocarriers also displayed equivalent properties in terms of DNA binding ability and DNA protection against serum nucleases and formed similar nanoparticles in terms of surface charge and size. Interestingly, hemolysis and cellular analysis demonstrated both of nanoparticles internalized into cells in similar rate and escaped from endosome with different efficiency. Furthermore, the structural analysis revealed the mechanisms responsible for the superior endosomal escaping capability of H5WYG. In conclusion, this study describes the rationale for using H5WYG peptide to deliver nucleic acids and suggests that using nano-biomimetic carriers to screen different endosomal release peptides, improves gene delivery significantly.
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19
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Wu LP, Ficker M, Mejlsøe SL, Hall A, Paolucci V, Christensen JB, Trohopoulos PN, Moghimi SM. Poly-(amidoamine) dendrimers with a precisely core positioned sulforhodamine B molecule for comparative biological tracing and profiling. J Control Release 2017; 246:88-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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20
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Lim YH, Tiemann KM, Hunstad DA, Elsabahy M, Wooley KL. Polymeric nanoparticles in development for treatment of pulmonary infectious diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 8:842-871. [PMID: 27016134 PMCID: PMC5035710 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Serious lung infections, such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, and chronic obstructive cystic fibrosis-related bacterial diseases, are increasingly difficult to treat and can be life-threatening. Over the last decades, an array of therapeutics and/or diagnostics have been exploited for management of pulmonary infections, but the advent of drug-resistant bacteria and the adverse conditions experienced upon reaching the lung environment urge the development of more effective delivery vehicles. Nanotechnology is revolutionizing the approach to circumventing these barriers, enabling better management of pulmonary infectious diseases. In particular, polymeric nanoparticle-based therapeutics have emerged as promising candidates, allowing for programmed design of multi-functional nanodevices and, subsequently, improved pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficiency, as compared to conventional routes of delivery. Direct delivery to the lungs of such nanoparticles, loaded with appropriate antimicrobials and equipped with 'smart' features to overcome various mucosal and cellular barriers, is a promising approach to localize and concentrate therapeutics at the site of infection while minimizing systemic exposure to the therapeutic agents. The present review focuses on recent progress (2005-2015) important for the rational design of nanostructures, particularly polymeric nanoparticles, for the treatment of pulmonary infections with highlights on the influences of size, shape, composition, and surface characteristics of antimicrobial-bearing polymeric nanoparticles on their biodistribution, therapeutic efficacy, and toxicity. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:842-871. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1401 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young H Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Kristin M Tiemann
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University of School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A Hunstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University of School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University of School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mahmoud Elsabahy
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
- Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt.
| | - Karen L Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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21
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Marega R, Prasetyanto EA, Michiels C, De Cola L, Bonifazi D. Fast Targeting and Cancer Cell Uptake of Luminescent Antibody-Nanozeolite Bioconjugates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:5431-5441. [PMID: 27510846 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the targeted cellular uptake of nanomaterials is an essential step to engineer and program functional and effective biomedical devices. In this respect, the targeting and ultrafast uptake of zeolite nanocrystals functionalized with Cetuximab antibodies (Ctxb) by cells overexpressing the epidermal growth factor receptor are described here. Biochemical assays show that the cellular uptake of the bioconjugate in the targeted cancer cells already begins 15 min after incubation, at a rate around tenfold faster than that observed in the negative control cells. These findings further show the role of Ctxb exposed at the surfaces of the zeolite nanocrystals in mediating the targeted and rapid cellular uptake. By using temperature and pharmacological inhibitors as modulators of the internalization pathways, the results univocally suggest a dissipative uptake mechanism of these nanomaterials, which seems to occur using different internalization pathways, according to the targeting properties of these nanocrystals. Owing to the ultrafast uptake process, harmless for the cell viability, these results further pave the way for the design of novel theranostic tools based on nanozeolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Marega
- Namur Research College (NARC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Eko Adi Prasetyanto
- Institut de science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaire (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 Rue Gaspard Monge, BP 70028, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie KIT-INT, Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany
| | - Carine Michiels
- Cellular Biology Research Unit - NARILIS, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Luisa De Cola
- Institut de science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaire (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 Rue Gaspard Monge, BP 70028, Strasbourg, F-67000, France.
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie KIT-INT, Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany.
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Namur Research College (NARC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur, B-5000, Belgium.
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom.
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22
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Vene E, Barouti G, Jarnouen K, Gicquel T, Rauch C, Ribault C, Guillaume SM, Cammas-Marion S, Loyer P. Opsonisation of nanoparticles prepared from poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(trimethylene carbonate)-b-poly(malic acid) amphiphilic diblock copolymers: Impact on the in vitro cell uptake by primary human macrophages and HepaRG hepatoma cells. Int J Pharm 2016; 513:438-452. [PMID: 27640247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present work reports the investigation of the biocompatibility, opsonisation and cell uptake by human primary macrophages and HepaRG cells of nanoparticles (NPs) formulated from poly(β-malic acid)-b-poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) (PMLA-b-PHB) and poly(β-malic acid)-b-poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PMLA-b-PTMC) diblock copolymers, namely PMLA800-b-PHB7300, PMLA4500-b-PHB4400, PMLA2500-b-PTMC2800 and PMLA4300-b-PTMC1400. NPs derived from PMLA-b-PHB and PMLA-b-PTMC do not trigger lactate dehydrogenase release and do not activate the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines demonstrating the excellent biocompatibility of these copolymers derived nano-objects. Using a protein adsorption assay, we demonstrate that the binding of plasma proteins is very low for PMLA-b-PHB-based nano-objects, and higher for those prepared from PMLA-b-PTMC copolymers. Moreover, a more efficient uptake by macrophages and HepaRG cells is observed for NPs formulated from PMLA-b-PHB copolymers compared to that of PMLA-b-PTMC-based NPs. Interestingly, the uptake in HepaRG cells of NPs formulated from PMLA800-b-PHB7300 is much higher than that of NPs based on PMLA4500-b-PHB4400. In addition, the cell internalization of PMLA800-b-PHB7300 based-NPs, probably through endocytosis, is strongly increased by serum pre-coating in HepaRG cells but not in macrophages. Together, these data strongly suggest that the binding of a specific subset of plasmatic proteins onto the PMLA800-b-PHB7300-based NPs favors the HepaRG cell uptake while reducing that of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Vene
- INSERM UMR S-991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer; Université de Rennes 1; CHU Pontchaillou Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Ghislaine Barouti
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes; UMR 6226 CNRS; Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Kathleen Jarnouen
- INSERM UMR S-991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer; Université de Rennes 1; CHU Pontchaillou Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Gicquel
- INSERM UMR S-991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer; Université de Rennes 1; CHU Pontchaillou Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Claudine Rauch
- INSERM UMR S-991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer; Université de Rennes 1; CHU Pontchaillou Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Catherine Ribault
- INSERM UMR S-991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer; Université de Rennes 1; CHU Pontchaillou Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Sophie M Guillaume
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes; UMR 6226 CNRS; Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Sandrine Cammas-Marion
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Institute des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, 11 allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France
| | - Pascal Loyer
- INSERM UMR S-991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer; Université de Rennes 1; CHU Pontchaillou Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France.
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23
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Cooper BM, Putnam D. Polymers for siRNA Delivery: A Critical Assessment of Current Technology Prospects for Clinical Application. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1837-1850. [PMID: 33440520 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The number of polymer-based vectors for siRNA delivery in clinical trials lags behind other delivery strategies; however, the molecular architectures and chemical compositions available to polymers make them attractive candidates for further exploration. Polymer vectors are extensively investigated in academic laboratories worldwide with fundamental progress having recently been made in the areas of high-throughput screening, synthetic methods, cellular internalization, endosomal escape and computational prediction and analysis. This review assesses recent advances within the field and highlights relevant developments from within the complementary fields of nanotechnology and protein chemistry with the intent to propose future work that addresses key gaps within the current body of knowledge, potentially advancing the development of the next generation of polymeric vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey M Cooper
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - David Putnam
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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24
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Wei L, Guo XY, Yang T, Yu MZ, Chen DW, Wang JC. Brain tumor-targeted therapy by systemic delivery of siRNA with Transferrin receptor-mediated core-shell nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2016; 510:394-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Thingholm B, Schattling P, Zhang Y, Städler B. Subcompartmentalized Nanoreactors as Artificial Organelle with Intracellular Activity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:1806-14. [PMID: 26855313 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cell mimicry is an approach which aims at substituting missing or lost activity. In this context, the goal of artificial organelles is to provide intracellularly active nanoreactors to affect the cellular performance. So far, only a handful of reports discuss concepts addressing this challenge based on single-component reactors. Here, the assembly of nanoreactors equipped with glucose oxidase (GOx)-loaded liposomal subunits coated with a poly(dopamine) polymer layer and RGD targeting units is reported. When comparing different surface modifications, the uptake of the nanoreactors by endothelial cells and macrophages with applied shear stress is confirmed without inherent cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the encapsulation and preserved activity of GOx within the nanoreactors is shown. The intracellular activity is demonstrated by exposing macrophages with internalized nanoreactors to glucose and assessment of the cell viability after 6 and 24 h. The macrophage viability is found to be reduced due to the intracellularly produced hydrogen peroxide by GOx. This report on the first intracellular active subcompartmentalized nanoreactors is a considerable step in therapeutic cell mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Thingholm
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Philipp Schattling
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Yan Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Brigitte Städler
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
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26
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Evaluation of endocytosis of silica particles used in biodegradable implants in the brain. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1603-13. [PMID: 26995094 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles embedded in a biodegradable scaffold have been proposed to offer several advantages when used in laser-tissue-soldering of blood vessels in the brain. During degradation, these nanoparticles are likely to be released into the surrounding brain tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate possible cellular uptake mechanism(s) of the two silica nanoparticle types in microglial cells as well as their effect on autophagy and inflammatory cytokines. The nanoparticle uptake was analysed quantitatively using high-content analysis. Nanoparticle incubation did not modulate cytokine secretion and autophagy at any time point investigated. The nanoparticles were taken up by the microglia cells in a time- and particle-dependent manner. The maximal uptake was reached after 4hours and the nanoparticles were found in the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. Macropinocytosis and phagocytosis were predominantly responsible for the uptake, whereas clathrin- and caveolin-independent endocytosis were involved to a minor extent.
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27
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Angell C, Xie S, Zhang L, Chen Y. DNA Nanotechnology for Precise Control over Drug Delivery and Gene Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:1117-32. [PMID: 26725041 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine has been growing exponentially due to its enhanced drug targeting and reduced drug toxicity. It uses the interactions where nanotechnological components and biological systems communicate with each other to facilitate the delivery performance. At this scale, the physiochemical properties of delivery systems strongly affect their capacities. Among current delivery systems, DNA nanotechnology shows many advantages because of its unprecedented engineering abilities. Through molecular recognition, DNA nanotechnology can be used to construct a variety of nanostructures with precisely controllable size, shape, and surface chemistry, which can be appreciated in the delivery process. In this review, different approaches that are currently used for the construction of DNA nanostructures are reported. Further, the utilization of these DNA nanostructures with the well-defined parameters for the precise control in drug delivery and gene therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chava Angell
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sibai Xie
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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28
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Sulheim E, Baghirov H, von Haartman E, Bøe A, Åslund AKO, Mørch Y, Davies CDL. Cellular uptake and intracellular degradation of poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:1. [PMID: 26743777 PMCID: PMC4705582 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-015-0156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) (PACA) nanoparticles have shown promise as drug carriers both to solid tumors and across the blood–brain barrier. Efficient drug delivery requires both high cellular uptake of the nanoparticles and release of the drug from the nanoparticles. Release of hydrophobic drugs from PACA nanoparticles is primarily governed by nanoparticle degradation, and this process has been poorly studied at the cellular level. Here we use the hydrophobic model drug Nile Red 668 (NR668) to investigate intracellular degradation of PACA nanoparticles by measuring changes in NR668 fluorescence emission and lifetime, as the spectral properties of NR668 depend on the hydrophobicity of the dye environment. We also assess the potential of poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) (PBCA) and poly(octyl cyanoacrylate) (POCA) nanoparticles for intracellular drug delivery in the prostate cancer cell line PC3 and rat brain endothelial cell line RBE4 and the role of endocytosis pathways in PACA nanoparticle uptake in those cell lines. Results Fluorescence lifetime imaging, emission spectra analysis and Förster resonance energy transfer indicated that the intracellular degradation was in line with the degradation found by direct methods such as gas chromatography and scanning electron microscopy, showing that PBCA has a faster degradation rate compared to POCA. The combined P(BCA/OCA) nanoparticles had an intermediate degradation rate. The uptake of POCA and PBCA nanoparticles was much higher in RBE4 than in PC3 cells. Endocytosis inhibition studies showed that both clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytosis were involved in PACA nanoparticle uptake, and that the former played a predominant role, particularly in PC3 cells. Conclusions In the present study, we used three different optical techniques to show that within a 24-hour period PBCA nanoparticles degraded significantly inside cells, releasing their payload into the cytosol, while POCA nanoparticles remained intact. This indicates that it is possible to tune the intracellular drug release rate by choosing appropriate monomers from the PACA family or by using hybrid PACA nanoparticles containing different monomers. In addition, we showed that the uptake of PACA nanoparticles depends not only on the monomer material, but also on the cell type, and that different cell lines can use different internalization pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-015-0156-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Sulheim
- Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Habib Baghirov
- Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Eva von Haartman
- Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway. .,Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Andreas Bøe
- Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Andreas K O Åslund
- Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Yrr Mørch
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Catharina de Lange Davies
- Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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29
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Kankaanpää P, Tiitta S, Bergman L, Puranen AB, von Haartman E, Lindén M, Heino J. Cellular recognition and macropinocytosis-like internalization of nanoparticles targeted to integrin α2β1. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:17889-17901. [PMID: 26462719 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06218g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Targeting nanoparticles to desired intracellular compartments is a major challenge. Integrin-type adhesion receptors are connected to different endocytosis routes in a receptor-specific manner. According to our previous observations, the internalization of an α2β1-integrin-echovirus-1 complex takes place via a macropinocytosis-like mechanism, suggesting that the receptor could be used to target nanoparticles to this specific entry route. Here, silica-based nanoparticles, carrying monoclonal antibodies against the α2β1 integrin as address labels, were synthesized. Studies with flow cytometry, atomic force microscopy and confocal microscopy showed the particles to attach to the cell surface via the α2β1 integrin. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of nanoparticle trafficking inside the cell performed with the BioImageXD software indicated that the particles enter cells via a macropinocytosis-like process and end up in caveolin-1 positive structures. Thus, we suggest that different integrins can guide particles to distinct endocytosis routes and, subsequently, also to specific intracellular compartments. In addition, we show that with the BioImageXD software it is possible to conduct sensitive and complex analyses of the behavior of small fluorescent particles inside cells, using basic confocal microscopy images.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kankaanpää
- Department of Biochemistry, FI-20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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30
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Chakraborty A, Jana NR. Clathrin to Lipid Raft-Endocytosis via Controlled Surface Chemistry and Efficient Perinuclear Targeting of Nanoparticle. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:3688-97. [PMID: 26722743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle interacts with live cells depending on their surface chemistry, enters into cell via endocytosis, and is commonly trafficked to an endosome/lysozome that restricts subcellular targeting options. Here we show that nanoparticle surface chemistry can be tuned to alter their cell uptake mechanism and subcellular trafficking. Quantum dot based nanoprobes of 20-30 nm hydrodynamic diameters have been synthesized with tunable surface charge (between +15 mV to -25 mV) and lipophilicity to influence their cellular uptake processes and subcellular trafficking. It is observed that cationic nanoprobe electrostatically interacts with cell membrane and enters into cell via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. At lower surface charge (between +10 mV to -10 mV), the electrostatic interaction with cell membrane becomes weaker, and additional lipid raft endocytosis is initiated. If a lipophilic functional group is introduced on a weakly anionic nanoparticle surface, the uptake mechanism shifts to predominant lipid raft-mediated endocytosis. In particular, the zwitterionic-lipophilic nanoprobe has the unique advantage as it weakly interacts with anionic cell membrane, migrates toward lipid rafts for interaction through lipophilic functional group, and induces lipid raft-mediated endocytosis. While predominate or partial clathrin-mediated entry traffics most of the nanoprobes to lysozome, predominate lipid raft-mediated entry traffics them to perinuclear region, particularly to the Golgi apparatus. This finding would guide in designing appropriate nanoprobe for subcellular targeting and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Chakraborty
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Nikhil R Jana
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
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31
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Cui ZK, Fan J, Kim S, Bezouglaia O, Fartash A, Wu BM, Aghaloo T, Lee M. Delivery of siRNA via cationic Sterosomes to enhance osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. J Control Release 2015; 217:42-52. [PMID: 26302903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Noggin is a specific antagonist of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) that can prevent the interaction of BMPs with their receptors. RNA interfering molecules have been used to downregulate noggin expression and thereby stimulate BMP signaling and osteogenesis. Cationic liposomes are considered one of the most efficient non-viral systems for gene delivery. In the past decade, non-phospholipid liposomes (Sterosomes) formulated with single-chain amphiphiles and high content of sterols have been developed. In particular, Sterosomes composed of stearylamine (SA) and cholesterol (Chol) display distinct properties compared with traditional phospholipid liposomes, including increased positive surface charges and enhanced particle stability. Herein, we report SA/Chol Sterosome and small interfering RNA (siRNA) complexes that significantly enhanced cellular uptake and gene knockdown efficiencies in adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells with minimal cytotoxicity compared with commercially available lipofectamine 2000. Furthermore, we confirmed osteogenic efficacy of these Sterosomes loaded with noggin siRNA in in vitro two- and three-dimensional settings as well as in a mouse calvarial defect model. The delivery of siRNA via novel SA/Chol Sterosomes presents a powerful method for efficient gene knockdown. These distinct nanoparticles may present a promising alternative approach for gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Kai Cui
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Jiabing Fan
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Soyon Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Olga Bezouglaia
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Armita Fartash
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Benjamin M Wu
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Tara Aghaloo
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Min Lee
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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32
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Synchrotron radiation techniques for nanotoxicology. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:1531-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Cavalieri F, Beretta GL, Cui J, Braunger JA, Yan Y, Richardson JJ, Tinelli S, Folini M, Zaffaroni N, Caruso F. Redox-Sensitive PEG–Polypeptide Nanoporous Particles for Survivin Silencing in Prostate Cancer Cells. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:2168-78. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cavalieri
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della ricerca scientifica 1, 00173 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni L. Beretta
- Department
of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via G. Amadeo, 42-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Jiwei Cui
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Julia A. Braunger
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yan Yan
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Joseph J. Richardson
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stella Tinelli
- Department
of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via G. Amadeo, 42-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Folini
- Department
of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via G. Amadeo, 42-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Department
of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via G. Amadeo, 42-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Brayden DJ, Cryan SA, Dawson KA, O'Brien PJ, Simpson JC. High-content analysis for drug delivery and nanoparticle applications. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:942-57. [PMID: 25908578 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
High-content analysis (HCA) provides quantitative multiparametric cellular fluorescence data. From its origins in discovery toxicology, it is now addressing fundamental questions in drug delivery. Nanoparticles (NPs), polymers, and intestinal permeation enhancers are being harnessed in drug delivery systems to modulate plasma membrane properties and the intracellular environment. Identifying comparative mechanistic cytotoxicity on sublethal events is crucial to expedite the development of such systems. NP uptake and intracellular routing pathways are also being dissected using chemical and genetic perturbations, with the potential to assess the intracellular fate of targeted and untargeted particles in vitro. As we discuss here, HCA is set to make a major impact in preclinical delivery research by elucidating the intracellular pathways of NPs and the in vitro mechanistic-based toxicology of formulation constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Brayden
- University College Dublin (UCD) School of Veterinary Medicine, Dublin 2, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kenneth A Dawson
- UCD Centre for Bionano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Peter J O'Brien
- University College Dublin (UCD) School of Veterinary Medicine, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jeremy C Simpson
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
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35
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Kos P, Lächelt U, Herrmann A, Mickler FM, Döblinger M, He D, Krhač Levačić A, Morys S, Bräuchle C, Wagner E. Histidine-rich stabilized polyplexes for cMet-directed tumor-targeted gene transfer. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:5350-5362. [PMID: 25721131 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06556e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor/c-Met proto oncogene on the surface of a variety of tumor cells gives an opportunity to specifically target cancerous tissues. Herein, we report the first use of c-Met as receptor for non-viral tumor-targeted gene delivery. Sequence-defined oligomers comprising the c-Met binding peptide ligand cMBP2 for targeting, a monodisperse polyethylene glycol (PEG) for polyplex surface shielding, and various cationic (oligoethanamino) amide cores containing terminal cysteines for redox-sensitive polyplex stabilization, were assembled by solid-phase supported syntheses. The resulting oligomers exhibited a greatly enhanced cellular uptake and gene transfer over non-targeted control sequences, confirming the efficacy and target-specificity of the formed polyplexes. Implementation of endosomal escape-promoting histidines in the cationic core was required for gene expression without additional endosomolytic agent. The histidine-enriched polyplexes demonstrated stability in serum as well as receptor-specific gene transfer in vivo upon intratumoral injection. The co-formulation with an analogous PEG-free cationic oligomer led to a further compaction of pDNA polyplexes with an obvious change of shape as demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy. Such compaction was critically required for efficient intravenous gene delivery which resulted in greatly enhanced, cMBP2 ligand-dependent gene expression in the distant tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kos
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for System-based Drug Research, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
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Zhou J, Zhou M, Yang FF, Liu CY, Pan RL, Chang Q, Liu XM, Liao YH. Involvement of the inhibition of intestinal glucuronidation in enhancing the oral bioavailability of resveratrol by labrasol containing nanoemulsions. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:1084-95. [PMID: 25723098 DOI: 10.1021/mp5005838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoemulsions have been developed for the oral delivery of poorly bioavailable phenolic compounds that are sensitive to intestinal glucuronidation. However, little is known about the contribution of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) inhibitory excipients in nanoemulsions toward the inhibition of intestinal glucuronidation and the consequent enhanced bioavailability. In this study, Labrasol but not poloxamer 188 (F68) was found to inhibit the glucuronidation of resveratrol (RES), a model phenolic compound, in an inhibition assay with rat microsomes. Subsequently, two nanoemulsions, Lab-N and F68-N, were prepared with similar particle size distribution, zeta potentials, and entrapment efficiency by coemulsifying with Labrasol or F68, respectively. Although Lab-N exhibited inferior or comparable profiles of in vitro release, cellular uptake in Caco-2 cells, and lymphatic transport in rats to F68-N, the in vitro absorption study with everted sacs suggested that Labrasol containing formulations significantly and dose-dependently increased the transport of RES relative to free RES or F68-N by decreasing the amount of permeated metabolite, RES-3-glucuronide (RES-G). The in vivo pharmacokinetic experiments indicated that Lab-N exhibited increments in the maximum plasma concentration and the bioavailability of RES by 1098% and 560%, respectively, and significant decreases in those of RES-G, compared to F68-N. The overall results demonstrated that the improved oral bioavailability of RES by Lab-N was mainly attributable to the inhibition of intestinal glucuronidation by the presence of UGT inhibitory excipient.
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Choi B, Cui ZK, Kim S, Fan J, Wu BM, Lee M. Glutamine-chitosan modified calcium phosphate nanoparticles for efficient siRNA delivery and osteogenic differentiation. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:6448-6455. [PMID: 26413302 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00843c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapy using small interfering RNA (siRNA) exhibits great potential to treat diseases. Although calcium phosphate (CaP)-based systems are attractive options to deliver nucleic acids due to their good biocompatibility and high affinity with nucleic acids, they are limited by uncontrollable particle formation and inconsistent transfection efficiencies. In this study, we developed a stable CaP nanocarrier system with enhanced intracellular uptake by adding highly cationic, glutamine-conjugated oligochitosan (Gln-OChi). CaP nanoparticles coated with Gln-OChi (CaP/Gln-OChi) significantly enhanced gene transfection and knockdown efficiency in both immortalized cell line (HeLa) and primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with minimal cytotoxicity. The osteogenic bioactivity of siRNA-loaded CaP/Gln-OChi particles was further confirmed in three-dimensional environments by using photocrosslinkable chitosan hydrogels encapsulating MSCs and particles loaded with siRNA targeting noggin, a bone morphogenetic protein antagonist. These findings suggest that our CaP/Gln-OChi nanocarrier provides an efficient and safe gene delivery system for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogyu Choi
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Zhong-Kai Cui
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Soyon Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Jiabing Fan
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Benjamin M Wu
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA ; Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Min Lee
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA ; Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Eltoukhy AA, Sahay G, Cunningham JM, Anderson DG. Niemann-Pick C1 affects the gene delivery efficacy of degradable polymeric nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2014; 8:7905-13. [PMID: 25010491 PMCID: PMC4148171 DOI: 10.1021/nn501630h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite intensive research effort, the rational design of improved nanoparticulate drug carriers remains challenging, in part due to a limited understanding of the determinants of nanoparticle entry and transport in target cells. Recent studies have shown that Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1), the lysosome membrane protein that mediates trafficking of cholesterol in cells, is involved in the endosomal escape and subsequent infection caused by filoviruses, and that its absence promotes the retention and efficacy of lipid nanoparticles encapsulating siRNA. Here, we report that NPC1 deficiency results in dramatic reduction in internalization and transfection efficiency mediated by degradable cationic gene delivery polymers, poly(β-amino ester)s (PBAEs). PBAEs utilized cholesterol and dynamin-dependent endocytosis pathways, and these were found to be heavily compromised in NPC1-deficient cells. In contrast, the absence of NPC1 had minor effects on DNA uptake mediated by polyethylenimine or Lipofectamine 2000. Strikingly, stable overexpression of human NPC1 in chinese hamster ovary cells was associated with enhanced gene uptake (3-fold) and transfection (10-fold) by PBAEs. These findings reveal a role of NPC1 in the regulation of endocytic mechanisms affecting nanoparticle trafficking. We hypothesize that in-depth understanding sites of entry and endosomal escape may lead to highly efficient nanotechnologies for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Eltoukhy
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gaurav Sahay
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James M. Cunningham
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Daniel G. Anderson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, and Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Chen W, Zhang Q, Kaplan BLF, Baker GL, Kaminski NE. Induced T cell cytokine production is enhanced by engineered nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2014; 8 Suppl 1:11-23. [PMID: 24256152 PMCID: PMC4130797 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.848302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles are widely used in commercial products, and yet due to the paucity of safety information, there are concerns surrounding potential adverse health effects, especially from inhaled nanoparticles and their putative contribution to allergic airway disease. The objective of this study was to investigate whether size or surface chemistry of engineered nanoparticles can influence the immune enhancing properties of these agents on antigen-specific T cell responses. Ovalbumin (OVA)-derived peptides were presented to T cells by either spleen-derived endogenous antigen presenting cells or a mouse dendritic cell (DC) line, DC2.4. In all models, interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-2 production by CD8(+) or CD4(+) T cells in response to peptide OVA257-264 or OVA323-339, respectively, was measured by flow cytometry. To address the study objective, silica nanoparticles (SNPs) were modified with alkyne-terminated surfaces and appended with polyethylene glycol chains via "click" chemistry. These modified SNPs were resistant to agglomerate in in vitro culture media, suggesting that their modulation of T cell responses is the result of true nanoscale-mediated effects. Under conditions of suboptimal T-cell activation, modified SNPs (up to 10 µg/ml) enhanced the proportion of CD8(+), but not CD4(+), T cells producing IFN-γ and IL-2. Various functional groups (-COOH, -NH2 and -OH) on modified SNPs enhanced IFN-γ and IL-2 production to different levels, with -COOH SNPs being the most effective. Furthermore, 51 nm -COOH SNPs exhibited a greater enhancing effect on the CD8(+) T cell response than other sized particles. Collectively, our results show that modified SNPs can enhance antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell responses, suggesting that certain modified SNPs exhibit potential adjuvant-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Quanxuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Barbara L. F. Kaplan
- Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Gregory L. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Norbert E. Kaminski
- Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Cheng L, Huang FZ, Cheng LF, Zhu YQ, Hu Q, Li L, Wei L, Chen DW. GE11-modified liposomes for non-small cell lung cancer targeting: preparation, ex vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:921-35. [PMID: 24611009 PMCID: PMC3928463 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s53310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a serious threat to human health, and 40%–80% of NSCLCs express high levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). GE11 is a novel peptide and exhibits high affinity for EGFR binding. The aim of this study was to construct and evaluate GE11-modified liposomes for targeted drug delivery to EGFR-positive NSCLC. Doxorubicin, a broad-spectrum antitumor agent, was chosen as the payload. GE11 was conjugated to the distal end of DSPE-PEG2000-Mal by an addition reaction with a conjugation efficiency above 90%. Doxorubicin-loaded liposomes containing GE11 (GE11-LP/DOX) at densities ranging from 0% to 15% were prepared by combination of a thin film hydration method and a post insertion method. Irrespective of GE11 density, the physicochemical properties of these targeted liposomes, including particle size, zeta potential, and drug entrapment efficiency, were nearly identical. Interestingly, the cytotoxic effect of the liposomes on A549 tumor cells was closely related to GE11 density, and liposomes with 10% GE11 had the highest tumor cell killing activity and a 2.6-fold lower half maximal inhibitory concentration than that of the nontargeted counterpart (PEG-LP/DOX). Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analysis revealed that GE11 significantly increased cellular uptake of the liposomes, which could be ascribed to specific EGFR-mediated endocytosis. It was found that multiple endocytic pathways were involved in entry of GE11-LP/DOX into cells, but GE11 assisted in cellular internalization mainly via the clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway. Importantly, the GE11-modified liposomes showed enhanced accumulation and prolonged retention in tumor tissue, as evidenced by a 2.2-fold stronger mean fluorescence intensity in tumor tissue than the unmodified liposomes at 24 hours. In summary, GE11-modified liposomes may be a promising platform for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fa-Zhen Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital of Zaozhuang Minging Group, Zaozhuang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Fang Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Qin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Yang XZ, Du XJ, Liu Y, Zhu YH, Liu YZ, Li YP, Wang J. Rational design of polyion complex nanoparticles to overcome cisplatin resistance in cancer therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:931-936. [PMID: 24338636 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201303360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Rationally designed PIC nanoparticles as next-generation delivery system: we have developed a core-shell-corona PIC nanoparticle (⊕) NP/Pt@PPC-DA as a next-generation delivery system. (⊕) NP/Pt@PPC-DA exhibits prolonged circulation and enhanced drug accumulation in tumors. Subsequently, tumor pH leads to the release of (⊕) NP/Pt, which facilitates cellular uptake followed by rapid intracellular cisplatin release. Using this delivery strategy cisplatin-resistant tumor growth in a murine xenograft model has been successfully suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Zhu Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P.R. China
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Kim J, Sunshine JC, Green JJ. Differential polymer structure tunes mechanism of cellular uptake and transfection routes of poly(β-amino ester) polyplexes in human breast cancer cells. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 25:43-51. [PMID: 24320687 DOI: 10.1021/bc4002322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Successful gene delivery with nonviral particles has several barriers, including cellular uptake, endosomal escape, and nuclear transport. Understanding the mechanisms behind these steps is critical to enhancing the effectiveness of gene delivery. Polyplexes formed with poly(β-amino ester)s (PBAEs) have been shown to effectively transfer DNA to various cell types, but the mechanism of their cellular uptake has not been identified. This is the first study to evaluate the uptake mechanism of PBAE polyplexes and the dependence of cellular uptake on the end group and molecular weight of the polymer. We synthesized three different analogues of PBAEs with the same base polymer poly(1,4-butanediol diacrylate-co-4-amino-1-butanol) (B4S4) but with small changes in the end group or molecular weight. We quantified the uptake and transfection efficiencies of the pDNA polyplexes formulated from these polymers in hard-to-transfect triple negative human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB 231). All polymers formed positively charged (10-17 mV) nanoparticles of ∼200 nm in size. Cellular internalization of all three formulations was inhibited the most (60-90% decrease in cellular uptake) by blocking caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Greater inhibition was shown with polymers that had a 1-(3-aminopropyl)-4-methylpiperazine end group (E7) than the others with a 2-(3-aminopropylamino)-ethanol end group (E6) or higher molecular weight. However, caveolae-mediated endocytosis was generally not as efficient as clathrin-mediated endocytosis in leading to transfection. These findings indicate that PBAE polyplexes can be used to transfect triple negative human breast cancer cells and that small changes to the same base polymer can modulate their cellular uptake and transfection routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center and §Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
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43
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Ibricevic A, Guntsen SP, Zhang K, Shrestha R, Liu Y, Sun JY, Welch MJ, Wooley KL, Brody SL. PEGylation of cationic, shell-crosslinked-knedel-like nanoparticles modulates inflammation and enhances cellular uptake in the lung. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2013; 9:912-22. [PMID: 23453959 PMCID: PMC3724762 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The airway provides a direct route for administration of nanoparticles bearing therapeutic or diagnostic payloads to the lung, however optimization of nanoplatforms for intracellular delivery remains challenging. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) surface modification improves systemic performance but less is known about PEGylated nanoparticles administered to the airway. To test this, we generated a library of cationic, shell crosslinked knedel-like nanoparticles (cSCKs), including PEG (1.5 kDa PEG; 2, 5, 10 molecules/polymer arm) on the outer shell. Delivery of PEGylated cSCK to the mouse airway showed significantly less inflammation in a PEG dose-dependent manner. PEGylation also enhanced the entry of cSCKs in lung alveolar epithelial cells and improved surfactant penetration. The PEGylation effect could be explained by the altered mechanism of endocytosis. While non-PEGylated cSCKs used the clathrin-dependent route for endocytosis, entry of PEGylated cSCK was clathrin-independent. Thus, nanoparticle surface modification with PEG represents an advantageous design for lung delivery. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR In this study, the effects of PEGylation were studied on cross linked knedel-like nanoparticles in drug delivery through the lungs, demonstrating less airway inflammation in the studied model than with non-PEGylated nanoparticles, which suggests an overall favorable profile of PEGylated nanoparticles for alveolar delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Ibricevic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sean P. Guntsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ritu Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jing Yi Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael J. Welch
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Steven L. Brody
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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44
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Kettiger H, Schipanski A, Wick P, Huwyler J. Engineered nanomaterial uptake and tissue distribution: from cell to organism. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:3255-69. [PMID: 24023514 PMCID: PMC3767489 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s49770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved understanding of interactions between nanoparticles and biological systems is needed to develop safety standards and to design new generations of nanomaterials. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of cellular uptake of engineered nanoparticles, their intracellular fate, and their distribution within an organism. We have reviewed the available literature on the uptake and disposition of engineered nanoparticles. Special emphasis was placed on the analysis of experimental systems and their limitations with respect to their usefulness to predict the in vivo situation. The available literature confirms the need to study particle characteristics in an environment that simulates the situation encountered in biological systems. Phenomena such as protein binding and opsonization are of prime importance since they may have a strong impact on cellular internalization, biodistribution, and immunogenicity of nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo. Extrapolation from in vitro results to the in vivo situation in the whole organism remains a challenge. However, improved understanding of physicochemical properties of engineered nanoparticles and their influence on biological systems facilitates the design of nanomaterials that are safe, well tolerated, and suitable for diagnostic or therapeutic use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Kettiger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Angela Schipanski
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Materials-Biology Interactions, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wick
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Materials-Biology Interactions, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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45
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Zubris KAV, Liu R, Colby A, Schulz MD, Colson YL, Grinstaff MW. In vitro activity of Paclitaxel-loaded polymeric expansile nanoparticles in breast cancer cells. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:2074-82. [PMID: 23617223 PMCID: PMC3915286 DOI: 10.1021/bm400434h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Through a series of in vitro studies, the essential steps for intracellular drug delivery of paclitaxel using a pH-responsive nanoparticle system have been investigated in breast cancer cells. We successfully encapsulated paclitaxel within polymeric expansile nanoparticles (Pax-eNPs) at 5% loading via a miniemulsion polymerization procedure. Fluorescently tagged eNPs were readily taken up by MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells grown in culture as confirmed by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The ability of the encapsulated paclitaxel to reach the cytoplasm was also observed using confocal microscopy and fluorescently labeled paclitaxel. Pax-eNPs were shown to be efficacious against three in vitro human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and SK-BR-3) as well as cells isolated from the pleural effusions of two different breast cancer patients. Lastly, macropinocytosis was identified as the major cellular pathway responsible for eNP uptake, as confirmed using temperature-sensitive metabolic reduction, pharmacologic inhibitors, and fluid-phase marker colocalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Ann V. Zubris
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Rong Liu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Aaron Colby
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Morgan D. Schulz
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yolonda L. Colson
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
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He B, Jia Z, Du W, Yu C, Fan Y, Dai W, Yuan L, Zhang H, Wang X, Wang J, Zhang X, Zhang Q. The transport pathways of polymer nanoparticles in MDCK epithelial cells. Biomaterials 2013; 34:4309-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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47
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Tobin LA, Xie Y, Tsokos M, Chung SI, Merz AA, Arnold MA, Li G, Malech HL, Kwong KF. Pegylated siRNA-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticle-driven amplification of cancer cell internalization in vivo. Biomaterials 2013; 34:2980-90. [PMID: 23369215 PMCID: PMC3633203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cell membrane is a critical barrier to effective delivery for many therapeutics, including those which are nanoparticle-based. Improving nanoparticle transport across the cell membrane remains a fundamental challenge. Cancer cells preferentially internalized pegylated calcium phosphate nanoparticles over normal epithelial cells. Furthermore, non-cytotoxic levels of doxorubicin markedly amplified this difference by increasing free unbound caveolin-1 and resulted in enhanced caveolin-mediated nanoparticle endocytosis in cancer cells. Engineered pegylated siRNA-loaded triple-shell calcium phosphate nanoconstructs incorporating ultra-low levels of doxorubicin recapitulated these effects and delivered increased numbers of siRNA into cancer cells with target-specific results. Systemic administration of nanoparticles in vivo demonstrated highly preferential entry into tumors, little bystander organ biodistribution, and significant tumor growth arrest. In conclusion, siRNA-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles incorporating non-cytotoxic amounts of doxorubicin markedly enhances nanoparticle internalization and results in increased payload delivery with concomitant on-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Tobin
- Thoracic Oncology Section, Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yili Xie
- Thoracic Oncology Section, Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria Tsokos
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Su I. Chung
- Thoracic Oncology Section, Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Allison A. Merz
- Thoracic Oncology Section, Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael A. Arnold
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Guang Li
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harry L. Malech
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - King F. Kwong
- Thoracic Oncology Section, Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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48
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Thiersch M, Rimann M, Panagiotopoulou V, Öztürk E, Biedermann T, Textor M, Lühmann TC, Hall H. The angiogenic response to PLL-g-PEG-mediated HIF-1α plasmid DNA delivery in healthy and diabetic rats. Biomaterials 2013; 34:4173-4182. [PMID: 23465832 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Impaired angiogenesis is a major clinical problem and affects wound healing especially in diabetic patients. Improving angiogenesis is a reasonable strategy to increase diabetes-impaired wound healing. Recently, our lab described a system of transient gene expression due to pegylated poly-l-lysine (PLL-g-PEG) polymer-mediated plasmid DNA delivery in vitro. Here we synthesized peptide-modified PLL-g-PEG polymers with two functionalities, characterized them in vitro and utilized them in vivo via a fibrin-based delivery matrix to induce dermal wound angiogenesis in diabetic rats. The two peptides were 1) a TG-peptide to covalently bind these nanocondensates to the fibrin matrix (TG-peptide) for a sustained release and 2) a polyR peptide to improve cellular uptake of these nanocondensates. In order to induce angiogenesis in vivo we condensed modified and non-modified polymers with plasmid DNA encoding a truncated form of the therapeutic candidate gene hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1α (HIF-1α). HIF-1α is the primarily oxygen-dependent regulated subunit of the heterodimeric transcription factor HIF-1, which controls angiogenesis among other physiological pathways. The truncated form of HIF-1α lacks the oxygen-dependent degradation domain (ODD) and therefore escapes degradation under normoxic conditions. PLL-g-PEG polymer-mediated HIF-1α-ΔODD plasmid DNA delivery was found to lead to a transiently induced gene expression of angiogenesis-related genes Acta2 and Pecam1 as well as the HIF-1α target gene Vegf in vivo. Furthermore, HIF-1α gene delivery was shown to enhance the number endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells - precursors for mature blood vessels - during wound healing. We show that - depending on the selection of the therapeutic target gene - PLL-g-PEG nanocondensates are a promising alternative to viral DNA delivery approaches, which might pose a risk to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Thiersch
- Laboratory for Biologically Oriented Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Markus Rimann
- Laboratory for Biologically Oriented Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Vasiliki Panagiotopoulou
- Laboratory for Biologically Oriented Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Ece Öztürk
- Laboratory for Biologically Oriented Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Biedermann
- Tissue Biology Research Unit University Children's Hospital Zurich, CH-8008, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Textor
- BioInterface Group, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Tessa C Lühmann
- Laboratory for Biologically Oriented Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Heike Hall
- Laboratory for Biologically Oriented Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
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Chaudhary S, Smith CA, del Pino P, de la Fuente JM, Mullin M, Hursthouse A, Stirling D, Berry CC. Elucidating the function of penetratin and a static magnetic field in cellular uptake of magnetic nanoparticles. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2013; 6:204-22. [PMID: 24275948 PMCID: PMC3816682 DOI: 10.3390/ph6020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology plays an increasingly important role in the biomedical arena. In particular, magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs) have become important tools in molecular diagnostics, in vivo imaging and improved treatment of disease, with the ultimate aim of producing a more theranostic approach. Due to their small sizes, the nanoparticles can cross most of the biological barriers such as the blood vessels and the blood brain barrier, thus providing ubiquitous access to most tissues. In all biomedical applications maximum nanoparticle uptake into cells is required. Two promising methods employed to this end include functionalization of mNPs with cell-penetrating peptides to promote efficient translocation of cargo into the cell and the use of external magnetic fields for enhanced delivery. This study aimed to compare the effect of both penetratin and a static magnetic field with regards to the cellular uptake of 200 nm magnetic NPs and determine the route of uptake by both methods. Results demonstrated that both techniques increased particle uptake, with penetratin proving more cell specific. Clathrin- medicated endocytosis appeared to be responsible for uptake as shown via PCR and western blot, with Pitstop 2 (known to selectively block clathrin formation) blocking particle uptake. Interestingly, it was further shown that a magnetic field was able to reverse or overcome the blocking, suggesting an alternative route of uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Chaudhary
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK; E-Mail:
| | - Carol Anne Smith
- Integrated Microscopy Facility, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK; E-Mail:
| | - Pablo del Pino
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Edif I+D, C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesus M. de la Fuente
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Edif I+D, C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Margaret Mullin
- Integrated Microscopy Facility, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK; E-Mail:
| | - Andrew Hursthouse
- School of Science, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK; E-Mail: (H.A.); (D.S.)
| | - David Stirling
- School of Science, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK; E-Mail: (H.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Catherine C. Berry
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK; E-Mail:
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Badr G, Al-Sadoon MK, Abdel-Maksoud MA, Rabah DM, El-Toni AM. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlie the anti-tumor activities exerted by Walterinnesia aegyptia venom combined with silica nanoparticles against multiple myeloma cancer cell types. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51661. [PMID: 23251606 PMCID: PMC3518476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal disease of plasma cells that remains incurable despite the advent of several novel therapeutics. In this study, we aimed to delineate the impact of snake venom extracted from Walterinnesia aegyptia (WEV) alone or in combination with silica nanoparticles (WEV+NP) on primary MM cells isolated from patients diagnosed with MM as well as on two MM cell lines, U266 and RPMI 8226. The IC50 values of WEV and WEV+NP that significantly decreased MM cell viability without affecting the viability of normal peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were determined to be 25 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml, respectively. Although both WEV (25 ng/ml) and WEV+NP (10 ng/ml) decreased the CD54 surface expression without affecting the expression of CXCR4 (CXCL12 receptor) on MM cells, they significantly reduced the ability of CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) to induce actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and the subsequent reduction in chemotaxis. It has been established that the binding of CXCL12 to its receptor CXCR4 activates multiple intracellular signal transduction pathways that regulate MM cell chemotaxis, adhesion, and proliferation. We found that WEV and WEV+NP clearly decreased the CXCL12/CXCR4-mediated activation of AKT, ERK, NFκB and Rho-A using western blot analysis; abrogated the CXCL12-mediated proliferation of MM cells using the CFSE assay; and induced apoptosis in MM cell as determined by PI/annexin V double staining followed by flow cytometry analysis. Monitoring the expression of B-cell CCL/Lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family members and their role in apoptosis induction after treatment with WEV or WEV+NP revealed that the combination of WEV with NP robustly decreased the expression of the anti-apoptotic effectors Bcl-2, BclXL and Mcl-1; conversely increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic effectors Bak, Bax and Bim; and altered the mitochondrial membrane potential in MM cells. Taken together, our data reveal the biological effects of WEV and WEV+NP and the underlying mechanisms against myeloma cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Badr
- Princess Johara Alibrahim Center for Cancer Research, Prostate Cancer Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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