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Chaudhary V, Kumar M, Chauhan C, Sirohi U, Srivastav AL, Rani L. Strategies for mitigation of pesticides from the environment through alternative approaches: A review of recent developments and future prospects. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120326. [PMID: 38387349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Chemical-based peticides are having negative impacts on both the healths of human beings and plants as well. The World Health Organisation (WHO), reported that each year, >25 million individuals in poor nations are having acute pesticide poisoning cases along with 20,000 fatal injuries at global level. Normally, only ∼0.1% of the pesticide reaches to the intended targets, and rest amount is expected to come into the food chain/environment for a longer period of time. Therefore, it is crucial to reduce the amounts of pesticides present in the soil. Physical or chemical treatments are either expensive or incapable to do so. Hence, pesticide detoxification can be achieved through bioremediation/biotechnologies, including nano-based methodologies, integrated approaches etc. These are relatively affordable, efficient and environmentally sound methods. Therefore, alternate strategies like as advanced biotechnological tools like as CRISPR Cas system, RNAi and genetic engineering for development of insects and pest resistant plants which are directly involved in the development of disease- and pest-resistant plants and indirectly reduce the use of pesticides. Omics tools and multi omics approaches like metagenomics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics for the efficient functional gene mining and their validation for bioremediation of pesticides also discussed from the literatures. Overall, the review focuses on the most recent advancements in bioremediation methods to lessen the effects of pesticides along with the role of microorganisms in pesticides elimination. Further, pesticide detection is also a big challenge which can be done by using HPLC, GC, SERS, and LSPR ELISA etc. which have also been described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, Meerut, Uttar-Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping Architecture, College of Horticulture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chetan Chauhan
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping Architecture, College of Horticulture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ujjwal Sirohi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Lal Srivastav
- Chitkara University School of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Lata Rani
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
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2
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Hong H, Adam V, Nowack B. Form-Specific and Probabilistic Environmental Risk Assessment of 3 Engineered Nanomaterials (Nano-Ag, Nano-TiO 2 , and Nano-ZnO) in European Freshwaters. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:2629-2639. [PMID: 34171135 PMCID: PMC8457094 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The release of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) to the environment necessitates an assessment of their environmental risks. The currently available environmental risk assessments (ERA) for ENMs are based on an analysis of the total flows of a specific ENM to the environment and on ecotoxicity studies performed with pristine ENMs. It is known that ENMs undergo transformation during product use and release and in technical systems such as wastewater treatment. The aim of the present study was therefore to perform an ERA of 3 ENMs (nano-Ag, nano-TiO2 , and nano-ZnO) based on a form-specific release model and a form-specific analysis of ecotoxicological data. Predicted environmental concentration values were derived using a form-specific material flow model. Species sensitivity distributions were used to derive predicted-no-effect concentrations (PNECs) for the pristine ENMs and for dissolved and transformed Ag and ZnO. For all ENMs, the matrix-embedded form was included in the assessment. A probabilistic assessment was applied, yielding final probability distributions for the risk characterization ratio (RCR). For nano-Ag, the form-specific assessment resulted in a decrease of the mean RCR from 0.061 for the approach neglecting the different release forms to 0.034 because of the much lower PNEC of transformed Ag. Likewise, for nano-ZnO, the form-specific approach reduced the mean RCR from 1.2 to 0.86. For nano-TiO2 , the form-specific assessment did not change the mean RCR of 0.026. This analysis shows that a form-specific approach can have an influence on the assessment of the environmental risks of ENMs and that, given the availability of form-specific release models, an updated ERA for ENMs can be performed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2629-2639. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoo Hong
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technologies, Technology and Society LaboratorySt. GallenSwitzerland
| | - Véronique Adam
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technologies, Technology and Society LaboratorySt. GallenSwitzerland
| | - Bernd Nowack
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technologies, Technology and Society LaboratorySt. GallenSwitzerland
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3
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Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Amorim MJDB, de Garidel-Thoron C, Castranova V, Hardy B, Linkov I, Feitshans I, Nichols G, Petersen EJ, Spurgeon D, Tinkle S, Vogel U, Westerhoff P, Wiesner MR, Hendren CO. Bridging international approaches on nanoEHS. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:608-611. [PMID: 34017101 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Igor Linkov
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Concord, MA, USA
| | - Ilise Feitshans
- European Scientific Institute, Archamps, France
- Work Health and Survival Project, Haddonfield, USA
| | - Gregory Nichols
- Homeland Defense and Security Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- GP Nichols & Company, Knoxville, USA
| | | | | | - Sally Tinkle
- IDA/Science and Technology Policy Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Liu C, Yu Y, Liu H, Xin H. Effect of different copper oxide particles on cell division and related genes of soybean roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 163:205-214. [PMID: 33862500 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, soybean (Glycine max) seeds were cultured in distilled water. When the roots were about 2 cm, they were separately treated with copper oxide bulk particles (CuO BPs) suspensions and copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO NPs) suspensions in different concentrations (2, 5 and 10 mg L-1) for 24 h and 48 h. Results showed that different concentrations of CuO BPs suspensions had little effect on the structure and cell division of meristematic zone. After CuO NPs treatment, Cu content increased in the roots, accompanied by high reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and relative electrical conductivity. CuO NPs significantly inhibited the growth of soybean roots over exposure time and the concentration. The destruction of CuO NPs occurred first in the promeristem, and then in the primary meristem of the meristematic zone. The meristematic cells of roots showed vacuolization, the nuclei swelled and deformed. After 10 mg L-1 CuO NPs treatment for 48 h, the mitotic index of root cells decreased by 14.28%, and the micronucleus rate increased by 14.33‰. Some cell division genes, such as GmCYCB1; 2, GmCYCU4; 1, GmCYCA1; 1, GmCYCP3; 1, GmCYCD3; 1 and CDC20; 1 were up-regulated or down-regulated with CuO NPs treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Liu
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Yanchong Yu
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Hanzhu Liu
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Hua Xin
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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5
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Devos Y, Craig W, Devlin RH, Ippolito A, Leggatt RA, Romeis J, Shaw R, Svendsen C, Topping CJ. Using problem formulation for fit-for-purpose pre-market environmental risk assessments of regulated stressors. EFSA J 2019; 17:e170708. [PMID: 32626445 PMCID: PMC7055725 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.e170708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre‐market/prospective environmental risk assessments (ERAs) contribute to risk analyses performed to facilitate decisions about the market introduction of regulated stressors. Robust ERAs begin with an explicit problem formulation, which involves among other steps: (1) formally devising plausible pathways to harm that describe how the deployment of a regulated stressor could be harmful; (2) formulating risk hypotheses about the likelihood and severity of such events; (3) identifying the information that will be useful to test the risk hypotheses; and (4) developing a plan to acquire new data for hypothesis testing should tests with existing information be insufficient for decision‐making. Here, we apply problem formulation to the assessment of possible adverse effects of RNA interference‐based insecticidal genetically modified (GM) plants, GM growth hormone coho salmon, gene drive‐modified mosquitoes and classical biological weed control agents on non‐target organisms in a prospective manner, and of neonicotinoid insecticides on bees in a retrospective manner. In addition, specific considerations for the problem formulation for the ERA of nanomaterials and for landscape‐scale population‐level ERAs are given. We argue that applying problem formulation to ERA maximises the usefulness of ERA studies for decision‐making, through an iterative process, because: (1) harm is defined explicitly from the start; (2) the construction of risk hypotheses is guided by policy rather than an exhaustive attempt to address any possible differences; (3) existing information is used effectively; (4) new data are collected with a clear purpose; (5) risk is characterised against well‐defined criteria of hypothesis corroboration or falsification; and (6) risk assessment conclusions can be communicated clearly. However, problem formulation is still often hindered by the absence of clear policy goals and decision‐making criteria (e.g. definition of protection goals and what constitutes harm) that are needed to guide the interpretation of scientific information. We therefore advocate further dialogue between risk assessors and risk managers to clarify how ERAs can address policy goals and decision‐making criteria. Ideally, this dialogue should take place for all classes of regulated stressors, as this can promote alignment and consistency on the desired level of protection and maximum tolerable impacts across regulated stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Devos
- GMO Unit European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Italy
| | - Wendy Craig
- Biosafety Group International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology (ICGEB) Italy
| | | | | | | | - Jörg Romeis
- Research Division Agroecology and Environment Agroscope Switzerland
| | - Richard Shaw
- Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI) United Kingdom
| | - Claus Svendsen
- Ecotoxicology and Chemical Risk Group United Kingdom Research and Innovation Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) United Kingdom
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6
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Adam V, Caballero-Guzman A, Nowack B. Considering the forms of released engineered nanomaterials in probabilistic material flow analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:17-27. [PMID: 30170204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Most existing models for assessing the releases of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) into the environment are based on the assumption that ENMs remain in their pristine forms during their whole life cycle. It is known, however, that this is not always the case as ENMs are often embedded into solid matrices during manufacturing and can undergo physical or chemical transformations during their life cycle, e.g. upon release to wastewater. In this work, we present a method for systematically assessing the forms in which nano-Ag and nano-TiO2 flow through their life cycle (i.e. production, manufacturing, use and disposal) to their points of release to air, soil and surface water. Input data on the forms of released ENMs were probability distributions based on peer-reviewed literature. Release data were incorporated into a probabilistic material flow analysis model to quantify the proportions of ENMs in product-embedded, matrix-embedded, pristine, transformed and dissolved forms in all technical and environmental compartments into which they flow, at the European scale. Releases of nano-Ag to surface water and soil were modelled to occur primarily in transformed forms (Q25 and Q75 of 34-58% and 78-86%, respectively, with means of 53% and 82%), while releases to air were mostly in pristine and matrix-embedded forms (38-46% and 36-44%, respectively, with means of 42% and 40%). In contrast, nano-TiO2 releases to air, soil and water were estimated to be predominantly in pristine form (75-85%, 90-95%, 96-98%, respectively, with means of 80%, 91% and 97%). The distributions of ENM releases between forms developed here will improve the representativeness and appropriateness of input data for environmental fate modelling and risk assessment of ENMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Adam
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Caballero-Guzman
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Nowack
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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7
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Limo MJ, Sola-Rabada A, Boix E, Thota V, Westcott ZC, Puddu V, Perry CC. Interactions between Metal Oxides and Biomolecules: from Fundamental Understanding to Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:11118-11193. [PMID: 30362737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metallo-oxide (MO)-based bioinorganic nanocomposites promise unique structures, physicochemical properties, and novel biochemical functionalities, and within the past decade, investment in research on materials such as ZnO, TiO2, SiO2, and GeO2 has significantly increased. Besides traditional approaches, the synthesis, shaping, structural patterning, and postprocessing chemical functionalization of the materials surface is inspired by strategies which mimic processes in nature. Would such materials deliver new technologies? Answering this question requires the merging of historical knowledge and current research from different fields of science. Practically, we need an effective defragmentation of the research area. From our perspective, the superficial accounting of material properties, chemistry of the surfaces, and the behavior of biomolecules next to such surfaces is a problem. This is particularly of concern when we wish to bridge between technologies in vitro and biotechnologies in vivo. Further, besides the potential practical technological efficiency and advantages such materials might exhibit, we have to consider the wider long-term implications of material stability and toxicity. In this contribution, we present a critical review of recent advances in the chemistry and engineering of MO-based biocomposites, highlighting the role of interactions at the interface and the techniques by which these can be studied. At the end of the article, we outline the challenges which hamper progress in research and extrapolate to developing and promising directions including additive manufacturing and synthetic biology that could benefit from molecular level understanding of interactions occurring between inanimate (abiotic) and living (biotic) materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion J Limo
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology , Nottingham Trent University , Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS , United Kingdom.,Interface and Surface Analysis Centre, School of Pharmacy , University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - Anna Sola-Rabada
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology , Nottingham Trent University , Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS , United Kingdom
| | - Estefania Boix
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology , Nottingham Trent University , Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS , United Kingdom.,Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems , Aalto University , P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
| | - Veeranjaneyulu Thota
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology , Nottingham Trent University , Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS , United Kingdom
| | - Zayd C Westcott
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology , Nottingham Trent University , Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS , United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Puddu
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology , Nottingham Trent University , Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS , United Kingdom
| | - Carole C Perry
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology , Nottingham Trent University , Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS , United Kingdom
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8
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Gray EP, Browning CL, Wang M, Gion KD, Chao EY, Koski KJ, Kane AB, Hurt RH. Biodissolution and Cellular Response to MoO3 Nanoribbons and a New Framework for Early Hazard Screening for 2D Materials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2018; 5:2545-2559. [PMID: 31548890 PMCID: PMC6756761 DOI: 10.1039/c8en00362a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are a broad class of synthetic ultra-thin sheet-like solids whose rapid pace of development motivates systematic study of their biological effects and safe design. A challenge for this effort is the large number of new materials and their chemical diversity. Recent work suggests that many 2D materials will be thermodynamically unstable and thus non-persistent in biological environments. Such information could inform and accelerate safety assessment, but experimental data to confirm the thermodynamic predictions is lacking. Here we propose a framework for early hazard screening of nanosheet materials based on biodissolution studies in reactive media, specially chosen for each material to match chemically feasible degradation pathways. Simple dissolution and in vitro tests allow grouping of nanosheet materials into four classes: A, potentially biopersistent; B: slowly degradable (>24-48 hours); C, biosoluble with potentially hazardous degradation products; and D, biosoluble with low-hazard degradation products. The proposed framework is demonstrated through an experimental case study on MoO3 nanoribbons, which have a dual 2D / 1D morphology and have been reported to be stable in aqueous stock solutions. The nanoribbons are shown to undergo rapid dissolution in biological simulant fluids and in cell culture, where they elicit no adverse responses up to 100μg ml-1 dose. These results place MoO3 nanoribbons in Class D, and assigns them a low priority for further nanotoxicology testing. We anticipate use of this framework could accelerate the risk assessment for the large set of new powdered 2D nanosheet materials, and promote their safe design and commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P Gray
- The School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence RI, 02912, United States.
| | - Cynthia L Browning
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence RI, 02912, United States.
| | - Mengjing Wang
- The Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 156 George Street, Providence RI, 02912, United States
| | - Kyle D Gion
- The School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence RI, 02912, United States.
| | - Eric Y Chao
- The School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence RI, 02912, United States.
| | - Kristie J Koski
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave. Davis CA 95616.
| | - Agnes B Kane
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence RI, 02912, United States.
| | - Robert H Hurt
- The School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence RI, 02912, United States.
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9
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Tosco T, Sethi R. Human health risk assessment for nanoparticle-contaminated aquifer systems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 239:242-252. [PMID: 29656248 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized particles (NPs), such as TiO2, Silver, graphene NPs, nanoscale zero-valent iron, carbon nanotubes, etc., are increasingly used in industrial processes, and releases at production plants and from landfills are likely scenarios for the next years. As a consequence, appropriate procedures and tools to quantify the risks for human health associated to these releases are needed. The tiered approach of the standard ASTM procedure (ASTM-E2081-00) is today the most applied for human health risk assessment at sites contaminated by chemical substances, but it cannot be directly applied to nanoparticles: NP transport along migration pathways follows mechanisms significantly different from those of chemicals; moreover, also toxicity indicators (namely, reference dose and slope factor) are NP-specific. In this work a risk assessment approach modified for NPs is proposed, with a specific application at Tier 2 to migration in groundwater. The standard ASTM equations are modified to include NP-specific transport mechanisms. NPs in natural environments are typically characterized by a heterogeneous set of NPs having different size, shape, coating, etc. (all properties having a significant impact on both mobility and toxicity). To take into account this heterogeneity, the proposed approach divides the NP population into classes, each having specific transport and toxicity properties, and simulates them as independent species. The approach is finally applied to a test case simulating the release of heterogeneous Silver NPs from a landfill. The results show that taking into account the size-dependent mobility of the particles provides a more accurate result compared to the direct application of the standard ASTM procedure. In particular, the latter tends to underestimate the overall toxic risk associated to the nP release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Tosco
- DIATI - Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Ambiente, del Territorio e delle Infrastrutture - Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Rajandrea Sethi
- DIATI - Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Ambiente, del Territorio e delle Infrastrutture - Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy.
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10
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Wang Y, Nowack B. Environmental risk assessment of engineered nano-SiO 2 , nano iron oxides, nano-CeO 2 , nano-Al 2 O 3 , and quantum dots. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1387-1395. [PMID: 29315795 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many research studies have endeavored to investigate the ecotoxicological hazards of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). However, little is known regarding the actual environmental risks of ENMs, combining both hazard and exposure data. The aim of the present study was to quantify the environmental risks for nano-Al2 O3 , nano-SiO2 , nano iron oxides, nano-CeO2 , and quantum dots by comparing the predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) with the predicted-no-effect concentrations (PNECs). The PEC values of these 5 ENMs in freshwaters in 2020 for northern Europe and southeastern Europe were taken from a published dynamic probabilistic material flow analysis model. The PNEC values were calculated using probabilistic species sensitivity distribution (SSD). The order of the PNEC values was quantum dots < nano-CeO2 < nano iron oxides < nano-Al2 O3 < nano-SiO2 . The risks posed by these 5 ENMs were demonstrated to be in the reverse order: nano-Al2 O3 > nano-SiO2 > nano iron oxides > nano-CeO2 > quantum dots. However, all risk characterization values are 4 to 8 orders of magnitude lower than 1, and no risk was therefore predicted for any of the investigated ENMs at the estimated release level in 2020. Compared to static models, the dynamic material flow model allowed us to use PEC values based on a more complex parameterization, considering a dynamic input over time and time-dependent release of ENMs. The probabilistic SSD approach makes it possible to include all available data to estimate hazards of ENMs by considering the whole range of variability between studies and material types. The risk-assessment approach is therefore able to handle the uncertainty and variability associated with the collected data. The results of the present study provide a scientific foundation for risk-based regulatory decisions of the investigated ENMs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1387-1395. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Nowack
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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11
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Wang Y, Nowack B. Dynamic probabilistic material flow analysis of nano-SiO 2, nano iron oxides, nano-CeO 2, nano-Al 2O 3, and quantum dots in seven European regions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 235:589-601. [PMID: 29331892 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Static environmental exposure assessment models based on material flow analysis (MFA) have previously been used to estimate flows of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) to the environment. However, such models do not account for changes in the system behavior over time. Dynamic MFA used in this study includes the time-dependent development of the modelling system by considering accumulation of ENMs in stocks and the environment, and the dynamic release of ENMs from nano-products. In addition, this study also included regional variations in population, waste management systems, and environmental compartments, which subsequently influence the environmental release and concentrations of ENMs. We have estimated the flows and release concentrations of nano-SiO2, nano-iron oxides, nano-CeO2, nano-Al2O3, and quantum dots in the EU and six geographical sub-regions in Europe (Central Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, Eastern Europe, South-eastern Europe, and Switzerland). The model predicts that a large amount of ENMs are accumulated in stocks (not considering further transformation). For example, in the EU 2040 Mt of nano-SiO2 are stored in the in-use stock, 80,400 tonnes have been accumulated in sediments and 65,600 tonnes in natural and urban soil from 1990 to 2014. The magnitude of flows in waste management processes in different regions varies because of differences in waste handling. For example, concentrations in landfilled waste are lowest in South-eastern Europe due to dilution by the high amount of landfilled waste in the region. The flows predicted in this work can serve as improved input data for mechanistic environmental fate models and risk assessment studies compared to previous estimates using static models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Nowack
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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12
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Song R, Qin Y, Suh S, Keller AA. Dynamic Model for the Stocks and Release Flows of Engineered Nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:12424-12433. [PMID: 29022708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Most existing life-cycle release models for engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are static, ignoring the dynamics of stock and flows of ENMs. Our model, nanoRelease, estimates the annual releases of ENMs from manufacturing, use, and disposal of a product explicitly taking stock and flow dynamics into account. Given the variabilities in key parameters (e.g., service life of products and annual release rate during use) nanoRelease is designed as a stochastic model. We apply nanoRelease to three ENMs (TiO2, SiO2 and FeOx) used in paints and coatings through seven product applications, including construction and building, household and furniture, and automotive for the period from 2000 to 2020 using production volume and market projection information. We also consider model uncertainties using Monte Carlo simulation. Compared with 2016, the total annual releases of ENMs in 2020 will increase by 34-40%, and the stock will increase by 28-34%. The fraction of the end-of-life release among total release flows will increase from 11% in 2002 to 43% in 2020. As compared to static models, our dynamic model predicts about an order of magnitude lower values for the amount of ENM released from this sector in the near-term while stock continues to build up in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runsheng Song
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5131, United States
| | - Yuwei Qin
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5131, United States
| | - Sangwon Suh
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5131, United States
| | - Arturo A Keller
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5131, United States
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13
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Bouchard D, Knightes C, Chang X, Avant B. Simulating Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Transport in Surface Water Systems Using the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11174-11184. [PMID: 28876918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is required to perform new chemical reviews of nanomaterials identified in premanufacture notices. However, environmental fate models developed for traditional contaminants are limited in their ability to simulate nanomaterials' environmental behavior by incomplete understanding and representation of the processes governing nanomaterial distribution in the environment and by scarce empirical data quantifying the interaction of nanomaterials with environmental surfaces. In this study, the well-known Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) was updated to incorporate particle collision rate and particle attachment efficiency to simulate multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) fate and transport in surface waters. Heteroaggregation attachment efficiencies (αhet) values derived from sediment attachment studies are used to parametrize WASP for simulation of MWCNTs transport in Brier Creek, a coastal plain river located in central eastern Georgia, and a tributary to the Savannah River. Simulations using a constant MWCNT load of 0.1 kg d-1 in the uppermost Brier Creek water segment showed that MWCNTs were present predominantly in the Brier Creek water column, while downstream MWCNT surface and deep sediment concentrations exhibited a general increase with time and distance from the source, suggesting that MWCNT releases could have increasing ecological impacts in the benthic region over long time frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dermont Bouchard
- USEPA Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory , 960 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
| | - Christopher Knightes
- USEPA Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory , 960 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
| | - Xiaojun Chang
- National Research Council Research Associate , Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
| | - Brian Avant
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education , Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
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14
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Choi S, Johnston MV, Wang GS, Huang CP. Looking for engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in wastewater treatment systems: Qualification and quantification aspects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 590-591:809-817. [PMID: 28292607 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study developed a rationalized method for the quantification and identification of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in wastewaters. A review of current literature revealed that overall, presently available methods focused on single ENP mostly and were applicable mainly to samples of low organic loadings or under well-controlled laboratory conditions. In the present research, procedures including dialysis for desalting and low-temperature oxidation for organic removal were used to pretreat samples of high organic loadings, specifically, municipal wastewater and sludge. SEM mapping technique identified the presence of nanoparticles, which was followed by ICP-OES quantification of different engineering nanoparticles in wastewater and sludge samples collected from two major regional municipal wastewater treatment plants. Results showed successful identification and quantification of nano-size titanium and zinc oxides from wastewater treatment plants studied. Concentration profile was mapped out for the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) using the method developed in this research. Results also showed an overall 80% and 68% removal of titanium and zinc by primary and secondary sludge particulates, respectively. Mass flux of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) was also calculated to estimate the daily flow of engineered nanoparticles in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohoon Choi
- Department of Civil and Environmental engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, United States
| | - Murray V Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, United States
| | - Gen-Suh Wang
- Institute of Environmental Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - C P Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, United States.
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15
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Boyes WK, Thornton BLM, Al-Abed SR, Andersen CP, Bouchard DC, Burgess RM, Hubal EAC, Ho KT, Hughes MF, Kitchin K, Reichman JR, Rogers KR, Ross JA, Rygiewicz PT, Scheckel KG, Thai SF, Zepp RG, Zucker RM. A comprehensive framework for evaluating the environmental health and safety implications of engineered nanomaterials. Crit Rev Toxicol 2017; 47:767-810. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2017.1328400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William K. Boyes
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Brittany Lila M. Thornton
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Souhail R. Al-Abed
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christian P. Andersen
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Dermont C. Bouchard
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Robert M. Burgess
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Elaine A. Cohen Hubal
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kay T. Ho
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Michael F. Hughes
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kirk Kitchin
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jay R. Reichman
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Kim R. Rogers
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Ross
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Paul T. Rygiewicz
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Kirk G. Scheckel
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sheau-Fung Thai
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Richard G. Zepp
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Robert M. Zucker
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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16
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Romero-Franco M, Godwin HA, Bilal M, Cohen Y. Needs and challenges for assessing the environmental impacts of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:989-1014. [PMID: 28546894 PMCID: PMC5433198 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The potential environmental impact of nanomaterials is a critical concern and the ability to assess these potential impacts is top priority for the progress of sustainable nanotechnology. Risk assessment tools are needed to enable decision makers to rapidly assess the potential risks that may be imposed by engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), particularly when confronted by the reality of limited hazard or exposure data. In this review, we examine a range of available risk assessment frameworks considering the contexts in which different stakeholders may need to assess the potential environmental impacts of ENMs. Assessment frameworks and tools that are suitable for the different decision analysis scenarios are then identified. In addition, we identify the gaps that currently exist between the needs of decision makers, for a range of decision scenarios, and the abilities of present frameworks and tools to meet those needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Romero-Franco
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles 6522 CNSI Building, 570 Westwood Plaza Box 957227 Los Angeles, CA 90095-7227, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Box 951772, 56-070 CHS Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Hilary A Godwin
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles 6522 CNSI Building, 570 Westwood Plaza Box 957227 Los Angeles, CA 90095-7227, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Box 951772, 56-070 CHS Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- California Nano Systems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 6522 CNSI Building, 570 Westwood Plaza, Box 957227, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7227, USA
- UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, La Kretz Hall, Suite 300, Box 951496, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496, USA
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles 6522 CNSI Building, 570 Westwood Plaza Box 957227 Los Angeles, CA 90095-7227, USA
- California Nano Systems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 6522 CNSI Building, 570 Westwood Plaza, Box 957227, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7227, USA
- UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, La Kretz Hall, Suite 300, Box 951496, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496, USA
| | - Yoram Cohen
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles 6522 CNSI Building, 570 Westwood Plaza Box 957227 Los Angeles, CA 90095-7227, USA
- California Nano Systems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 6522 CNSI Building, 570 Westwood Plaza, Box 957227, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7227, USA
- UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, La Kretz Hall, Suite 300, Box 951496, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, 5531 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1592, USA
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17
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Michaelis M, Fischer C, Colombi Ciacchi L, Luttge A. Variability of Zinc Oxide Dissolution Rates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:4297-4305. [PMID: 28318244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is of widespread use for numerous applications, including many in the cosmetic industry. Thus, ZnO particles are quite likely to enter the environment. ZnO may be harmful because of the release of cytotoxic Zn2+ ions during dissolution reactions. Here, we analyze the dissolution kinetics of the polar zinc-terminated (000-1) and nonpolar (10-10) crystal surfaces in ultrapure water to examine the impact of the crystal defects on dissolution. By using a complementary approach of atomic force microscopy and vertical scanning interferometry, we quantify the difference in reaction rate between the crystal faces, the overall range of rate variability, and the rate components that combine to an overall rate. The mean dissolution rate of the (000-1) crystal surface is more than 4 times that of the (10-10) surface. By using the rate spectrum analysis, we observed an overall dissolution rate variability of more than 1 order of magnitude. The rate components and the range of dissolution rate are important input parameters in reactive transport models for the prediction of potential release of Zn2+ into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Michaelis
- Hybrid Materials Interfaces Group, Faculty of Production Engineering, Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science (BCCMS), and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), University of Bremen , Am Fallturm 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Cornelius Fischer
- Marum & Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Universität Bremen , Klagenfurter Straße, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Lucio Colombi Ciacchi
- Hybrid Materials Interfaces Group, Faculty of Production Engineering, Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science (BCCMS), and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), University of Bremen , Am Fallturm 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen , 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Andreas Luttge
- Marum & Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Universität Bremen , Klagenfurter Straße, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen , 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Earth Science Department, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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18
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Markus AA, Parsons JR, Roex EWM, de Voogt P, Laane RWPM. Modelling the Release, Transport and Fate of Engineered Nanoparticles in the Aquatic Environment - A Review. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 243:53-87. [PMID: 28028609 DOI: 10.1007/398_2016_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles, that is, particles of up to 100 nm in at least one dimension, are used in many consumer products. Their release into the environment as a consequence of their production and use has raised concern about the possible consequences. While they are made of ordinary substances, their size gives them properties that are not manifest in larger particles. It is precisely these properties that make them useful. For instance titanium dioxide nanoparticles are used in transparent sunscreens, because they are large enough to scatter ultraviolet light but too small to scatter visible light.To investigate the occurrence of nanoparticles in the environment we require practical methods to detect their presence and to measure the concentrations as well as adequate modelling techniques. Modelling provides both a complement to the available detection and measurement methods and the means to understand and predict the release, transport and fate of nanoparticles. Many different modelling approaches have been developed, but it is not always clear for what questions regarding nanoparticles in the environment these approaches can be applied. No modelling technique can be used for every possible aspect of the release of nanoparticles into the environment. Hence it is important to understand which technique to apply in what situation. This article provides an overview of the techniques involved with their strengths and weaknesses. Two points need to be stressed here: the modelling of processes like dissolution and the surface activity of nanoparticles, possibly under influence of ultraviolet light, or chemical transformation has so far received relatively little attention. But also the uncertainties surrounding nanoparticles in general-the amount of nanoparticles used in consumer products, what constitutes the appropriate measure of concentration (mass or numbers) and what processes are relevant-should be explicitly considered as part of the modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan A Markus
- Deltares, 177, Delft, 2600 MH, The Netherlands.
- Earth Surface Science, IBED, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands.
| | - John R Parsons
- Earth Surface Science, IBED, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pim de Voogt
- Aquatic Environmental Ecology, IBED, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
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19
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Bunderson-Schelvan M, Holian A, Hamilton RF. Engineered nanomaterial-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization and anti-cathepsin agents. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2017; 20:230-248. [PMID: 28632040 PMCID: PMC6127079 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2017.1305924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), or small anthropogenic particles approximately < 100 nm in size and of various shapes and compositions, are increasingly incorporated into commercial products and used for industrial and medical purposes. There is an exposure risk to both the population at large and individuals in the workplace with inhalation exposures to ENMs being a primary concern. Further, there is increasing evidence to suggest that certain ENMs may represent a significant health risk, and many of these ENMs exhibit distinct similarities with other particles and fibers that are known to induce adverse health effects, such as asbestos, silica, and particulate matter (PM). Evidence regarding the importance of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and release of cathepsins in ENM toxicity has been accumulating. The aim of this review was to describe our current understanding of the mechanisms leading to ENM-associated pathologies, including LMP and the role of cathepsins with a focus on inflammation. In addition, anti-cathepsin agents, some of which have been tested in clinical trials and may prove useful for ameliorating the harmful effects of ENM exposure, are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrij Holian
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Raymond F. Hamilton
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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20
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Murphy F, Sheehan B, Mullins M, Bouwmeester H, Marvin HJP, Bouzembrak Y, Costa AL, Das R, Stone V, Tofail SAM. A Tractable Method for Measuring Nanomaterial Risk Using Bayesian Networks. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:503. [PMID: 27848238 PMCID: PMC5110451 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1724-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
While control banding has been identified as a suitable framework for the evaluation and the determination of potential human health risks associated with exposure to nanomaterials (NMs), the approach currently lacks any implementation that enjoys widespread support. Large inconsistencies in characterisation data, toxicological measurements and exposure scenarios make it difficult to map and compare the risk associated with NMs based on physicochemical data, concentration and exposure route. Here we demonstrate the use of Bayesian networks as a reliable tool for NM risk estimation. This tool is tractable, accessible and scalable. Most importantly, it captures a broad span of data types, from complete, high quality data sets through to data sets with missing data and/or values with a relatively high spread of probability distribution. The tool is able to learn iteratively in order to further refine forecasts as the quality of data available improves. We demonstrate how this risk measurement approach works on NMs with varying degrees of risk potential, namely, carbon nanotubes, silver and titanium dioxide. The results afford even non-experts an accurate picture of the occupational risk probabilities associated with these NMs and, in doing so, demonstrated how NM risk can be evaluated into a tractable, quantitative risk comparator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finbarr Murphy
- Kemmy Business School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Barry Sheehan
- Kemmy Business School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Martin Mullins
- Kemmy Business School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Hans Bouwmeester
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research (WR), Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J. P. Marvin
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research (WR), Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yamine Bouzembrak
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research (WR), Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna L. Costa
- ISTEC-CNR, Via Granarolo, 64, I-48018 Faenza, RA Italy
| | - Rasel Das
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vicki Stone
- Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Scotland, UK
| | - Syed A. M. Tofail
- Department of Physics, and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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21
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Yang Y, Faust JJ, Schoepf J, Hristovski K, Capco DG, Herckes P, Westerhoff P. Survey of food-grade silica dioxide nanomaterial occurrence, characterization, human gut impacts and fate across its lifecycle. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 565:902-912. [PMID: 26874640 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing recognition of the importance of transformations in nanomaterials across their lifecycle, yet few quantitative examples exist. We examined food-grade silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanomaterials from its source (bulk material providers), occurrence in food products, impacts on human gastrointestinal tract during consumption, and fate at wastewater treatment plants. Based upon XRD, XPS and TEM analysis, pure SiO2 present in multiple food-grade stock SiO2 exhibited consistent morphologies as agglomerates, ranging in size from below 100nm to >500nm, with all primary particle size in the range of 9-26nm and were most likely amorphous SiO2 based upon high resolution TEM. Ten of 14 targeted foods purchased in the USA contained SiO2 of the same morphology and size as the pristine bulk food-grade SiO2, at levels of 2 to 200mg Si per serving size. A dissolution study of pristine SiO2 showed up to 7% of the dissolution of the silica, but the un-dissolved SiO2 maintained the same morphology as the pristine SiO2. Across a realistic exposure range, pristine SiO2 exhibited adverse dose-response relationships on a cell model (microvilli) of the human gastro-intestinal tract, association onto microvilli and evidence that SiO2 lead to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We also observed accumulation of amorphous nano-SiO2 on bioflocs in tests using lab-cultured activated sludge and sewage sludges from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Nano-scale SiO2 of the same size and morphology as pristine food-grade SiO2 was observed in raw sewage at a WWTP, but we identified non-agglomerated individual SiO2 particles with an average diameter of 21.5±4.7nm in treated effluent from the WWTP. This study demonstrates an approach to track nanomaterials from source-to-sink and establishes a baseline occurrence of nano-scale SiO2 in foods and WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, United States
| | - James J Faust
- Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, United States
| | - Jared Schoepf
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, United States
| | - Kiril Hristovski
- The Polytechnic School, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, United States
| | - David G Capco
- Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, United States
| | - Pierre Herckes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, United States
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, United States.
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22
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Pu Y, Tang F, Adam PM, Laratte B, Ionescu RE. Fate and Characterization Factors of Nanoparticles in Seventeen Subcontinental Freshwaters: A Case Study on Copper Nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:9370-9379. [PMID: 27472045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b06300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The lack of characterization factors (CFs) for engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) hampers the application of life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology in evaluating the potential environmental impacts of nanomaterials. Here, the framework of the USEtox model has been selected to solve this problem. On the basis of colloid science, a fate model for ENPs has been developed to calculate the freshwater fate factor (FF) of ENPs. We also give the recommendations for using the hydrological data from the USEtox model. The functionality of our fate model is proved by comparing our computed results with the reported scenarios in North America, Switzerland, and Europe. As a case study, a literature survey of the nano-Cu toxicology values has been performed to calculate the effect factor (EF). Seventeen freshwater CFs of nano-Cu are proposed as recommended values for subcontinental regions. Depending on the regions and the properties of the ENPs, the region most likely to be affected by nano-Cu is Africa (CF of 11.11 × 10(3) CTUe, comparative toxic units) and the least likely is north Australia (CF of 3.87 × 10(3) CTUe). Furthermore, from the sensitivity analysis of the fate model, 13 input parameters (such as depth of freshwater, radius of ENPs) show vastly different degrees of influence on the outcomes. The characterization of suspended particles in freshwater and the dissolution rate of ENPs are two significant factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Pu
- Laboratoire de Nanotechnologie et d'Instrumentation Optique, Institute Charles Delaunay, Université de Technologie de Troyes, UMR CNRS 6281 , 12 Rue Marie-Curie CS 42060, 10004 Cedex Troyes, France
- Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes Interdisciplinaires sur le Développement Durable, Institute Charles Delaunay, Université de Technologie de Troyes, UMR CNRS 6281 , 12 Rue Marie-Curie CS 42060, 10004 Cedex Troyes, France
| | - Feng Tang
- Laboratoire de Nanotechnologie et d'Instrumentation Optique, Institute Charles Delaunay, Université de Technologie de Troyes, UMR CNRS 6281 , 12 Rue Marie-Curie CS 42060, 10004 Cedex Troyes, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Adam
- Laboratoire de Nanotechnologie et d'Instrumentation Optique, Institute Charles Delaunay, Université de Technologie de Troyes, UMR CNRS 6281 , 12 Rue Marie-Curie CS 42060, 10004 Cedex Troyes, France
| | - Bertrand Laratte
- Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes Interdisciplinaires sur le Développement Durable, Institute Charles Delaunay, Université de Technologie de Troyes, UMR CNRS 6281 , 12 Rue Marie-Curie CS 42060, 10004 Cedex Troyes, France
| | - Rodica Elena Ionescu
- Laboratoire de Nanotechnologie et d'Instrumentation Optique, Institute Charles Delaunay, Université de Technologie de Troyes, UMR CNRS 6281 , 12 Rue Marie-Curie CS 42060, 10004 Cedex Troyes, France
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Holden PA, Gardea-Torresdey J, Klaessig F, Turco RF, Mortimer M, Hund-Rinke K, Hubal EAC, Avery D, Barceló D, Behra R, Cohen Y, Deydier-Stephan L, Lee Ferguson P, Fernandes TF, Harthorn BH, Henderson WM, Hoke RA, Hristozov D, Johnston JM, Kane AB, Kapustka L, Keller AA, Lenihan HS, Lovell W, Murphy CJ, Nisbet RM, Petersen EJ, Salinas ER, Scheringer M, Sharma M, Speed DE, Sultan Y, Westerhoff P, White JC, Wiesner MR, Wong EM, Xing B, Horan MS, Godwin HA, Nel AE. Considerations of Environmentally Relevant Test Conditions for Improved Evaluation of Ecological Hazards of Engineered Nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:6124-45. [PMID: 27177237 PMCID: PMC4967154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are increasingly entering the environment with uncertain consequences including potential ecological effects. Various research communities view differently whether ecotoxicological testing of ENMs should be conducted using environmentally relevant concentrations-where observing outcomes is difficult-versus higher ENM doses, where responses are observable. What exposure conditions are typically used in assessing ENM hazards to populations? What conditions are used to test ecosystem-scale hazards? What is known regarding actual ENMs in the environment, via measurements or modeling simulations? How should exposure conditions, ENM transformation, dose, and body burden be used in interpreting biological and computational findings for assessing risks? These questions were addressed in the context of this critical review. As a result, three main recommendations emerged. First, researchers should improve ecotoxicology of ENMs by choosing test end points, duration, and study conditions-including ENM test concentrations-that align with realistic exposure scenarios. Second, testing should proceed via tiers with iterative feedback that informs experiments at other levels of biological organization. Finally, environmental realism in ENM hazard assessments should involve greater coordination among ENM quantitative analysts, exposure modelers, and ecotoxicologists, across government, industry, and academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A. Holden
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jorge Gardea-Torresdey
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program, University of Texas, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Fred Klaessig
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Pennsylvania Bio Nano Systems, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18901, United States
| | - Ronald F. Turco
- College of Agriculture, Laboratory for Soil Microbiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Monika Mortimer
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kerstin Hund-Rinke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, D-57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Elaine A. Cohen Hubal
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - David Avery
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Damià Barceló
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
- Institut Català de Recerca de l’Aigua (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
| | - Renata Behra
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yoram Cohen
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | | | - Patrick Lee Ferguson
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | | | - Barbara Herr Harthorn
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Center for Nanotechnology in Society, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - William Matthew Henderson
- Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
| | - Robert A. Hoke
- E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Newark, Delaware 19711, United States
| | - Danail Hristozov
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Venice 30123, Italy
| | - John M. Johnston
- Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
| | - Agnes B. Kane
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | | | - Arturo A. Keller
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hunter S. Lenihan
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wess Lovell
- Vive Crop Protection Inc, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L6, Canada
| | - Catherine J. Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Roger M. Nisbet
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Elijah J. Petersen
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Edward R. Salinas
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen, D-67056, Germany
| | - Martin Scheringer
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Monita Sharma
- PETA International Science Consortium, Ltd., London N1 9RL, England, United Kingdom
| | - David E. Speed
- Globalfoundries, Corporate EHS, Hopewell Junction, New York 12533, United States
| | - Yasir Sultan
- Environment Canada, Gatineau, Quebec J8X 4C8, Canada
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Jason C. White
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States
| | - Mark R. Wiesner
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Eva M. Wong
- Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460, United States
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Meghan Steele Horan
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hilary A. Godwin
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - André E. Nel
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Caballero-Guzman A, Nowack B. A critical review of engineered nanomaterial release data: Are current data useful for material flow modeling? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:502-517. [PMID: 26970875 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Material flow analysis (MFA) is a useful tool to predict the flows of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) to the environment. The quantification of release factors is a crucial part of MFA modeling. In the last years an increasing amount of literature on release of ENM from materials and products has been published. The purpose of this review is to analyze the strategies implemented by MFA models to include these release data, in particular to derive transfer coefficients (TC). Our scope was focused on those articles that analyzed the release from applications readily available in the market in settings that resemble average use conditions. Current MFA studies rely to a large extent on extrapolations, authors' assumptions, expert opinions and other informal sources of data to parameterize the models. We were able to qualitatively assess the following aspects of the release literature: (i) the initial characterization of ENM provided, (ii) quantitative information on the mass of ENM released and its characterization, (iii) description of transformation reactions and (iv) assessment of the factors determining release. Although the literature on ENM release is growing, coverage of exposure scenarios is still limited; only 20% of the ENMs used industrially and 36% of the product categories involved have been investigated in release studies and only few relevant release scenarios have been described. Furthermore, the information provided is rather incomplete concerning descriptions and characterizations of ENMs and the released materials. Our results show that both the development of methods to define the TCs and of protocols to enhance assessment of ENM release from nano-applications will contribute to increase the exploitability of the data provided for MFA models. The suggestions we provide in this article will likely contribute to an improved exposure modeling by providing ENM release estimates closer to reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Caballero-Guzman
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Nowack
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Sun TY, Bornhöft NA, Hungerbühler K, Nowack B. Dynamic Probabilistic Modeling of Environmental Emissions of Engineered Nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:4701-11. [PMID: 27043743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The need for an environmental risk assessment for engineered nanomaterials (ENM) necessitates the knowledge about their environmental concentrations. Despite significant advances in analytical methods, it is still not possible to measure the concentrations of ENM in natural systems. Material flow and environmental fate models have been used to provide predicted environmental concentrations. However, almost all current models are static and consider neither the rapid development of ENM production nor the fact that many ENM are entering an in-use stock and are released with a lag phase. Here we use dynamic probabilistic material flow modeling to predict the flows of four ENM (nano-TiO2, nano-ZnO, nano-Ag and CNT) to the environment and to quantify their amounts in (temporary) sinks such as the in-use stock and ("final") environmental sinks such as soil and sediment. Caused by the increase in production, the concentrations of all ENM in all compartments are increasing. Nano-TiO2 had far higher concentrations than the other three ENM. Sediment showed in our worst-case scenario concentrations ranging from 6.7 μg/kg (CNT) to about 40 000 μg/kg (nano-TiO2). In most cases the concentrations in waste incineration residues are at the "mg/kg" level. The flows to the environment that we provide will constitute the most accurate and reliable input of masses for environmental fate models which are using process-based descriptions of the fate and behavior of ENM in natural systems and rely on accurate mass input parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yin Sun
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich , CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaus A Bornhöft
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Informatics, University of Zurich , Binzmühlestrasse 14, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Hungerbühler
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich , CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Nowack
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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26
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Baker LF, King RS, Unrine JM, Castellon BT, Lowry GV, Matson CW. Press or pulse exposures determine the environmental fate of cerium nanoparticles in stream mesocosms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:1213-1223. [PMID: 26576038 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Risk-assessment models indicate that stream ecosystems receiving municipal wastewater effluent may have the greatest potential for exposure to manufactured nanoparticles. The authors determined the fate of cerium oxide (CeO2 ) nanoparticles in outdoor stream mesocosms using 1) 1-time pulse addition of CeO2 nanoparticles, representative of accidental release, and 2) continuous, low-level press addition of CeO2 nanoparticles, representative of exposure via wastewater effluent. The pulse addition led to rapid nanoparticle floc formation, which appeared to preferentially deposit on periphyton in low-energy areas downstream from the location of the input, likely as a result of gravitational sedimentation. Floc formation limited the concentration of suspended nanoparticles in stream water to <5% of target and subsequent downstream movement. In contrast, press addition of nanoparticles led to higher suspended nanoparticle concentrations (77% of target) in stream water, possibly as a result of stabilization of suspended nanoparticles through interaction with dissolved organic carbon. Smaller nanoparticle aggregates appeared to preferentially adsorb to stream surfaces in turbulent sections, where Ce concentrations were highest in the press, likely a result of stochastic encounter with the surface. Streams receiving wastewater effluent containing nanoparticles may lead to exposure of aquatic organisms over a greater spatial extent than a similar amount of nanoparticles from an accidental release. Exposure models must take into account these mechanisms controlling transport and depositional processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne F Baker
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Ryan S King
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Jason M Unrine
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Benjamin T Castellon
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Gregory V Lowry
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cole W Matson
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
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Kettler K, Giannakou C, de Jong WH, Hendriks AJ, Krystek P. Uptake of silver nanoparticles by monocytic THP-1 cells depends on particle size and presence of serum proteins. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 18:286. [PMID: 27774037 PMCID: PMC5034003 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-016-3595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Human health risks by silver nanoparticle (AgNP) exposure are likely to increase due to the increasing number of NP-containing products and demonstrated adverse effects in various cell lines. Unfortunately, results from (toxicity) studies are often based on exposure dose and are often measured only at a fixed time point. NP uptake kinetics and the time-dependent internal cellular concentration are often not considered. Macrophages are the first line of defense against invading foreign agents including NPs. How macrophages deal with the particles is essential for potential toxicity of the NPs. However, there is a considerable lack of uptake studies of particles in the nanometer range and macrophage-like cells. Therefore, uptake rates were determined over 24 h for three different AgNPs sizes (20, 50 and 75 nm) in medium with and without fetal calf serum. Non-toxic concentrations of 10 ng Ag/mL for monocytic THP-1 cells, representing realistic exposure concentration for short-term exposures, were chosen. The uptake of Ag was higher in medium without fetal calf serum and showed increasing uptake for decreasing NP sizes, both on NP mass and on number basis. Internal cellular concentrations reached roughly 32/10 %, 25/18 % and 21/15 % of the nominal concentration in the absence of fetal calf serum/with fetal calf serum for 20-, 50- and 75-nm NPs, respectively. Our research shows that uptake kinetics in macrophages differ for various NP sizes. To increase the understanding of the mechanism of NP toxicity in cells, the process of uptake (timing) should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kettler
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christina Giannakou
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H. de Jong
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - A. Jan Hendriks
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Krystek
- Philips Innovation Services, HighTech Campus 7, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kettler K, Krystek P, Giannakou C, Hendriks AJ, de Jong WH. Exploring the effect of silver nanoparticle size and medium composition on uptake into pulmonary epithelial 16HBE14o-cells. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 18:182. [PMID: 27433139 PMCID: PMC4930793 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-016-3493-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The increasing number of nanotechnology products on the market poses increasing human health risks by particle exposures. Adverse effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in various cell lines have been measured based on exposure dose after a fixed time point, but NP uptake kinetics and the time-dependent internal cellular concentration are often not considered. Even though knowledge about relevant timescales for NP uptake is essential, e.g. for time- and cost-effective risk assessment through modelling, insufficient data are available. Therefore, the authors examined uptake rates for three different AgNP sizes (20, 50 and 75 nm) and two tissue culture medium compositions (with and without foetal calf serum, FCS) under realistic exposure concentrations in pulmonary epithelial 16HBE14o-cells. The quantification of Ag in cells was carried out by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We show for the first time that uptake kinetics of AgNPs into 16HBE14o-cells was highly influenced by medium composition. Uptake into cells was higher in medium without FCS, reaching approximately twice the concentration after 24 h than in medium supplemented with FCS, showing highest uptake for 50-nm AgNPs when expressed on a mass basis. This optimum shifts to 20 nm on a number basis, stressing the importance of the measurand in which results are presented. The importance of our research identifies that not just the uptake after a certain time point should be considered as dose but also the process of uptake (timing) might need to be considered when studying the mechanism of toxicity of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kettler
- />Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Krystek
- />Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- />IVAM UvA BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christina Giannakou
- />National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- />Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A. Jan Hendriks
- />Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H. de Jong
- />National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Wigger H, Hackmann S, Zimmermann T, Köser J, Thöming J, von Gleich A. Influences of use activities and waste management on environmental releases of engineered nanomaterials. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 535:160-171. [PMID: 25728395 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) offer enhanced or new functionalities and properties that are used in various products. This also entails potential environmental risks in terms of hazard and exposure. However, hazard and exposure assessment for ENM still suffer from insufficient knowledge particularly for product-related releases and environmental fate and behavior. This study therefore analyzes the multiple impacts of the product use, the properties of the matrix material, and the related waste management system (WMS) on the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) by applying nine prospective life cycle release scenarios based on reasonable assumptions. The products studied here are clothing textiles treated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), since they constitute a controversial application. Surprisingly, the results show counter-intuitive increases by a factor of 2.6 in PEC values for the air compartment in minimal AgNP release scenarios. Also, air releases can shift from washing to wearing activity; their associated release points may shift accordingly, potentially altering release hot spots. Additionally, at end-of-life, the fraction of AgNP-residues contained on exported textiles can be increased by 350% when assuming short product lifespans and globalized WMS. It becomes evident that certain combinations of use activities, matrix material characteristics, and WMS can influence the regional PEC by several orders of magnitude. Thus, in the light of the findings and expected ENM market potential, future assessments should consider these aspects to derive precautionary design alternatives and to enable prospective global and regional risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Wigger
- Faculty of Production Engineering, Department of Technological Design and Development, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Stephan Hackmann
- UFT Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, Department of General and Theoretical Ecology, University of Bremen, Leobener Str., 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Till Zimmermann
- Faculty of Production Engineering, Department of Technological Design and Development, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany; ARTEC - Research Center for Sustainability Studies, Enrique-Schmidt-Str. 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jan Köser
- UFT Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, Department of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str., 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jorg Thöming
- UFT Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, Department of Sustainable Chemical Engineering, University of Bremen, Leobener Str., 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Arnim von Gleich
- Faculty of Production Engineering, Department of Technological Design and Development, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany; ARTEC - Research Center for Sustainability Studies, Enrique-Schmidt-Str. 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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30
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Koelmans AA, Diepens NJ, Velzeboer I, Besseling E, Quik JTK, van de Meent D. Guidance for the prognostic risk assessment of nanomaterials in aquatic ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 535:141-9. [PMID: 25684040 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the environmental fate and effects of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is in a state of fast transition. Recent scientific developments open new and powerful perspectives to define a framework for the prognostic risk assessment of ENMs in aquatic ecosystems. This requires abandoning the reductionist's approach of mechanistic analysis on particle or cellular scales and calls for engineering solutions that deal with uncertainties by applying assessment factors and probabilistic approaches. An ecological risk assessment (ERA) framework for ENMs is similar to that for other classes of substances, in that it requires clear protection goals based on ecosystem services, evidence-based concepts that link exposure to effects, and a transparent tiered effect assessment. Here, we discuss approaches to assess exposure and effects of ENMs. This includes recent developments in ENP fate modeling that greatly expanded the potential of prognostic exposure assessments. For the effect assessment, we advise a cost-effective screening based on principles of read-across as a conservative first tier. The feasibility of using species sensitivity distributions as a higher tier option is discussed. Controlled model ecosystem field experiments are proposed as a highest experimental tier, and are required for the calibration of the lower tiers. An outlook to unify information from various tiers by experimental work, fate modeling, and effect modeling as cost-effective prognostic tools for the ERA of ENMs is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Koelmans
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; IMARES - Institute for Marine Resources & Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 68, 1970 AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands.
| | - N J Diepens
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - I Velzeboer
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; IMARES - Institute for Marine Resources & Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 68, 1970 AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - E Besseling
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; IMARES - Institute for Marine Resources & Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 68, 1970 AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - J T K Quik
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM-DMG), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - D van de Meent
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM-DMG), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Garner KL, Suh S, Lenihan HS, Keller AA. Species sensitivity distributions for engineered nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:5753-5759. [PMID: 25875138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are a relatively new strain of materials for which little is understood about their impacts. A species sensitivity distribution (SSDs) is a cumulative probability distribution of a chemical's toxicity measurements obtained from single-species bioassays of various species that can be used to estimate the ecotoxicological impacts of a chemical. The recent increase in the availability of acute toxicity data for ENMs enabled the construction of 10 ENM-specific SSDs, with which we analyzed (1) the range of toxic concentrations, (2) whether ENMs cause greater hazard to an ecosystem than the ionic or bulk form, and (3) the key parameters that affect variability in toxicity. The resulting estimates for hazardous concentrations at which 5% of species will be harmed ranged from <1 ug/L for PVP-coated n-Ag to >3.5 mg/L for CNTs. The results indicated that size, formulation, and the presence of a coating can alter toxicity, and thereby corresponding SSDs. Few statistical differences were observed between SSDs of an ENM and its ionic counterpart. However, we did find a significant correlation between the solubility of ENMs and corresponding SSD. Uncertainty in SSD values can be reduced through greater consideration of ENM characteristics and physiochemical transformations in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra L Garner
- UC Center on the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology and Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Sangwon Suh
- UC Center on the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology and Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Hunter S Lenihan
- UC Center on the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology and Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Arturo A Keller
- UC Center on the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology and Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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Groh KJ, Carvalho RN, Chipman JK, Denslow ND, Halder M, Murphy CA, Roelofs D, Rolaki A, Schirmer K, Watanabe KH. Development and application of the adverse outcome pathway framework for understanding and predicting chronic toxicity: I. Challenges and research needs in ecotoxicology. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 120:764-77. [PMID: 25439131 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the effects of chemicals on populations of different species in the environment, efficient testing and modeling approaches are needed that consider multiple stressors and allow reliable extrapolation of responses across species. An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) is a concept that provides a framework for organizing knowledge about the progression of toxicity events across scales of biological organization that lead to adverse outcomes relevant for risk assessment. In this paper, we focus on exploring how the AOP concept can be used to guide research aimed at improving both our understanding of chronic toxicity, including delayed toxicity as well as epigenetic and transgenerational effects of chemicals, and our ability to predict adverse outcomes. A better understanding of the influence of subtle toxicity on individual and population fitness would support a broader integration of sublethal endpoints into risk assessment frameworks. Detailed mechanistic knowledge would facilitate the development of alternative testing methods as well as help prioritize higher tier toxicity testing. We argue that targeted development of AOPs supports both of these aspects by promoting the elucidation of molecular mechanisms and their contribution to relevant toxicity outcomes across biological scales. We further discuss information requirements and challenges in application of AOPs for chemical- and site-specific risk assessment and for extrapolation across species. We provide recommendations for potential extension of the AOP framework to incorporate information on exposure, toxicokinetics and situation-specific ecological contexts, and discuss common interfaces that can be employed to couple AOPs with computational modeling approaches and with evolutionary life history theory. The extended AOP framework can serve as a venue for integration of knowledge derived from various sources, including empirical data as well as molecular, quantitative and evolutionary-based models describing species responses to toxicants. This will allow a more efficient application of AOP knowledge for quantitative chemical- and site-specific risk assessment as well as for extrapolation across species in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia J Groh
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Raquel N Carvalho
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Water Resources Unit, 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Nancy D Denslow
- University of Florida, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Genetics Institute, 32611 Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marlies Halder
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Systems Toxicology Unit, 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Cheryl A Murphy
- Michigan State University, Fisheries and Wildlife, Lyman Briggs College, 48824 East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Dick Roelofs
- VU University, Institute of Ecological Science, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Rolaki
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Systems Toxicology Unit, 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; EPF Lausanne, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karen H Watanabe
- Oregon Health & Science University, Institute of Environmental Health, Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, 97239-3098 Portland, OR, USA
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Koelmans AA, Quik JTK, Velzeboer I. Lake retention of manufactured nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 196:171-175. [PMID: 25463711 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
For twenty-five world lakes and three engineered nanoparticles (ENP), lake retention was calculated using a uniformly mixed lake mass balance model. This follows similar approaches traditionally used in water quality management. Lakes were selected such that lake residence times, depths and areal hydraulic loadings covered the widest possible range among existing lakes. Sedimentation accounted for natural colloid as well as suspended solid settling regimes. An ENP-specific mixed sedimentation regime is proposed. This regime combines ENP sedimentation through slow settling with natural colloids from the water column, with faster settling with suspended solids from a selected part of the water column. Although sedimentation data and hydrodynamic concepts as such were not new, their first time combination or application to ENPs shows in which cases lake retention is important for these particles. In combination with ENP emission data, lake retention translates directly into potential risks of ENPs for lake benthic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Koelmans
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Massarsky A, Trudeau VL, Moon TW. Predicting the environmental impact of nanosilver. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:861-873. [PMID: 25461546 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are incorporated into many consumer and medical products due to their antimicrobial properties; however, the potential environmental risks of AgNPs are yet to be fully understood. This mini-review aims to predict the environmental impact of AgNPs, thus supplementing previous reviews on this topic. To this end, the AgNP production, environmental release and fate, predicted environmental concentrations in surface water, sediment, and sludge-activated soil, as well as reported toxicity and proposed toxic mechanisms are discussed, focusing primarily on fish. Furthermore, knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Massarsky
- Department of Biology & Centre for Advanced, Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Vance L Trudeau
- Department of Biology & Centre for Advanced, Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas W Moon
- Department of Biology & Centre for Advanced, Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Powers C, Hendren C, Wang A, Davis JM. Transparent stakeholder engagement in practice: Lessons learned from applying comprehensive environmental assessment to research planning for nanomaterials. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2014; 10:498-510. [PMID: 24729532 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
As efforts to develop new applications of engineered nanoscale materials (ENMs) continue to grow, so too has interest in the environmental, health, and safety (EHS) implications of these materials. However, thorough evaluation and interpretation of such implications could require substantial resources (e.g., estimated as >$120 million per year in federal funding 2013-2017). A structured, strategic approach for transparently planning research would support improved linkages between ENM research and risk assessments, and thereby enhance the utility of financial and other resources for EHS studies of ENMs. For this reason, we applied Comprehensive Environmental Assessment (CEA) as an approach to provide transparent input into research planning for 2 types of ENMs: nanoscale titanium dioxide and nanoscale silver. For each of these CEA applications, we employed a collective judgment method known as Nominal Group Technique (NGT) in 2 workshops sponsored by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The objective of this paper is to present the outcomes of these CEA applications in the context of how our methodology can inform future efforts to identify collective goals in science (e.g., research priorities) through structured decision support approaches. Outcomes include clear lists of research priorities for each ENM developed through transparently engaging stakeholders having diverse technical and sector perspectives. In addition, we identified several procedural aspects that could be refined, including emphasizing breakout group interactions, identifying broad information priorities before more detailed research questions, and using rating rather than ranking prioritization methods. Beyond the research directions identified for specific ENMs, lessons learned about engaging stakeholders in research planning are expected to inform future research planning efforts for ENMs and other emerging materials across the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Powers
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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Lanphere JD, Rogers B, Luth C, Bolster CH, Walker SL. Stability and Transport of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles in Groundwater and Surface Water. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE 2014; 31:350-359. [PMID: 25053876 PMCID: PMC4098073 DOI: 10.1089/ees.2013.0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of groundwater and surface water constituents (i.e., natural organic matter [NOM] and the presence of a complex assortment of ions) on graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs) were investigated to provide additional insight into the factors contributing to fate and the mechanisms involved in their transport in soil, groundwater, and surface water environments. The stability and transport of GONPs was investigated using dynamic light scattering, electrokinetic characterization, and packed bed column experiments. Stability results showed that the hydrodynamic diameter of the GONPs at a similar ionic strength (2.1±1.1 mM) was 10 times greater in groundwater environments compared with surface water and NaCl and MgCl2 suspensions. Transport results confirmed that in groundwater, GONPs are less stable and are more likely to be removed during transport in porous media. In surface water and MgCl2 and NaCl suspensions, the relative recovery was 94%±3% indicating that GONPs will be very mobile in surface waters. Additional experiments were carried out in monovalent (KCl) and divalent (CaCl2) salts across an environmentally relevant concentration range (0.1-10 mg/L) of NOM using Suwannee River humic acid. Overall, the transport and stability of GONPs was increased in the presence of NOM. This study confirms that planar "carbonaceous-oxide" materials follow traditional theory for stability and transport, both due to their response to ionic strength, valence, and NOM presence and is the first to look at GONP transport across a wide range of representative conditions found in surface and groundwater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Lanphere
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California , Riverside, California
| | - Brandon Rogers
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California , Riverside, California
| | - Corey Luth
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California , Riverside, California
| | - Carl H Bolster
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service , Bowling Green, Kentucky
| | - Sharon L Walker
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California , Riverside, California
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37
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Meesters JAJ, Koelmans A, Quik JTK, Hendriks AJ, van de Meent D. Multimedia modeling of engineered nanoparticles with SimpleBox4nano: model definition and evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:5726-36. [PMID: 24766433 PMCID: PMC6863596 DOI: 10.1021/es500548h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Screening level models for environmental assessment of engineered nanoparticles (ENP) are not generally available. Here, we present SimpleBox4Nano (SB4N) as the first model of this type, assess its validity, and evaluate it by comparisons with a known material flow model. SB4N expresses ENP transport and concentrations in and across air, rain, surface waters, soil, and sediment, accounting for nanospecific processes such as aggregation, attachment, and dissolution. The model solves simultaneous mass balance equations (MBE) using simple matrix algebra. The MBEs link all concentrations and transfer processes using first-order rate constants for all processes known to be relevant for ENPs. The first-order rate constants are obtained from the literature. The output of SB4N is mass concentrations of ENPs as free dispersive species, heteroaggregates with natural colloids, and larger natural particles in each compartment in time and at steady state. Known scenario studies for Switzerland were used to demonstrate the impact of the transport processes included in SB4N on the prediction of environmental concentrations. We argue that SB4N-predicted environmental concentrations are useful as background concentrations in environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A. J. Meesters
- Institute
for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert
A. Koelmans
- Aquatic
Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental
Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- IMARES
− Institute for Marine Resources & Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box
68, 1970 AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joris T. K. Quik
- Aquatic
Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental
Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A. Jan Hendriks
- Institute
for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dik van de Meent
- Institute
for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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38
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Liu HH, Cohen Y. Multimedia environmental distribution of engineered nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:3281-92. [PMID: 24548277 DOI: 10.1021/es405132z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A compartmental multimedia model was developed to enable evaluation of the dynamic environmental multimedia mass distribution and concentrations of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). The approach considers the environment as a collection of compartments, linked via fundamental environmental intermedia transport processes. Model simulations for various environmental scenarios indicated that ENM accumulation in the sediment increased significantly with increased ENMs attachment to suspended solids in water. Atmospheric dry and wet depositions can be important pathways for ENMs input to the terrestrial environment in the absence of direct and distributed ENM release to soil. Increased ENM concentration in water due to atmospheric deposition (wet and dry) is expected as direct ENM release to water diminishes. However, for soluble ENMs dissolution can be the dominant pathway for suspended ENM removal from water even compared to advection. Mass accumulation in the multimedia environment for the evaluated ENMs (metal, metal oxides, carbon nanotubes (CNT), nanoclays) was mostly in the soil and sediment. The present modeling approach, as illustrated via different test cases, is suited for "what if" first tier analyses to assess the multimedia mass distribution of ENMs and associated potential exposure concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Haven Liu
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California Nanosystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Money ES, Barton LE, Dawson J, Reckhow KH, Wiesner MR. Validation and sensitivity of the FINE Bayesian network for forecasting aquatic exposure to nano-silver. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 473-474:685-91. [PMID: 24412914 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The adaptive nature of the Forecasting the Impacts of Nanomaterials in the Environment (FINE) Bayesian network is explored. We create an updated FINE model (FINEAgNP-2) for predicting aquatic exposure concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) by combining the expert-based parameters from the baseline model established in previous work with literature data related to particle behavior, exposure, and nano-ecotoxicology via parameter learning. We validate the AgNP forecast from the updated model using mesocosm-scale field data and determine the sensitivity of several key variables to changes in environmental conditions, particle characteristics, and particle fate. Results show that the prediction accuracy of the FINEAgNP-2 model increased approximately 70% over the baseline model, with an error rate of only 20%, suggesting that FINE is a reliable tool to predict aquatic concentrations of nano-silver. Sensitivity analysis suggests that fractal dimension, particle diameter, conductivity, time, and particle fate have the most influence on aquatic exposure given the current knowledge; however, numerous knowledge gaps can be identified to suggest further research efforts that will reduce the uncertainty in subsequent exposure and risk forecasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Money
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Duke University, P.O. Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708-0827, USA; Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, P.O. Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708-0827, USA.
| | - Lauren E Barton
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Duke University, P.O. Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708-0827, USA; Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, P.O. Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708-0827, USA
| | - Joseph Dawson
- Dept. of Biology, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland St., Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Kenneth H Reckhow
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Duke University, P.O. Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708-0827, USA; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, P.O. Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Mark R Wiesner
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Duke University, P.O. Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708-0827, USA; Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, P.O. Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708-0827, USA
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Kettler K, Veltman K, van de Meent D, van Wezel A, Hendriks AJ. Cellular uptake of nanoparticles as determined by particle properties, experimental conditions, and cell type. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:481-92. [PMID: 24273100 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The increased application of nanoparticles (NPs) is increasing the risk of their release into the environment. Although many toxicity studies have been conducted, the environmental risk is difficult to estimate, because uptake mechanisms are often not determined in toxicity studies. In the present study, the authors review dominant uptake mechanisms of NPs in cells, as well as the effect of NP properties, experimental conditions, and cell type on NP uptake. Knowledge of NP uptake is crucial for risk assessment and is essential to predict the behavior of NPs based on their physical-chemical properties. Important uptake mechanisms for eukaryotic cells are macropinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and phagocytosis in specialized mammalian cells. The studies reviewed demonstrate that uptake into nonphagocytic cells depends strongly on NP size, with an uptake optimum at an NP diameter of approximately 50 nm. Increasing surface charges, either positive or negative, have been shown to increase particle uptake in comparison with uncharged NPs. Another important factor is the degree of (homo-) aggregation. Results regarding shape have been ambiguous. Difficulties in the production of NPs, with 1 property changed at a time, call for a full characterization of NP properties. Only then will it be possible to draw conclusions as to which property affected the uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kettler
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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41
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Luoma SN, Khan FR, Croteau MN. Bioavailability and Bioaccumulation of Metal-Based Engineered Nanomaterials in Aquatic Environments. NANOSCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-099408-6.00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Gottschalk F, Sun T, Nowack B. Environmental concentrations of engineered nanomaterials: review of modeling and analytical studies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 181:287-300. [PMID: 23856352 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 613] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Scientific consensus predicts that the worldwide use of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) leads to their release into the environment. We reviewed the available literature concerning environmental concentrations of six ENMs (TiO2, ZnO, Ag, fullerenes, CNT and CeO2) in surface waters, wastewater treatment plant effluents, biosolids, sediments, soils and air. Presently, a dozen modeling studies provide environmental concentrations for ENM and a handful of analytical works can be used as basis for a preliminary validation. There are still major knowledge gaps (e.g. on ENM production, application and release) that affect the modeled values, but over all an agreement on the order of magnitude of the environmental concentrations can be reached. True validation of the modeled values is difficult because trace analytical methods that are specific for ENM detection and quantification are not available. The modeled and measured results are not always comparable due to the different forms and sizes of particles that these two approaches target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadri Gottschalk
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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