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Moore A, Blumenthal KG, Chambers C, Namazy J, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Phillips EJ, Rider NL. Improving Clinical Practice Through Patient Registries in Allergy and Immunology. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2024:S2213-2198(24)00470-7. [PMID: 38734373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Patient registries are a mechanism for collecting data on allergic and immunologic diseases that provide important information on epidemiology and outcomes that can ultimately improve patient care. Key criteria for establishing effective registries include the use of a clearly defined purpose, identifying the target population and ensuring consistent data collection. Registries in allergic diseases include those for diseases such as inborn errors of immunity (IEI), food allergy, asthma and anaphylaxis, pharmacological interventions in vulnerable populations, and adverse effects of pharmacologic interventions including hypersensitivity reactions to drugs and vaccines. Important insights gained from patient registries in our field include contributions in phenotype and outcomes in IEI, the risk for adverse reactions in food-allergic patients in multiple settings, the benefits and risk of biologic medications for asthma during pregnancy, vaccine safety, and the categorization and genetic determination of risk for severe cutaneous adverse reactions to medications. Impediments to the development of clinically meaningful patient registries include the lack of funding resources for registry establishment and the quality, quantity, and consistency of available data. Despite these drawbacks, high-quality and successful registries are invaluable in informing clinical practice and improving outcomes in patients with allergic and immunological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Moore
- ENTAA Care, Johns Hopkins Regional Physicians, Glen Burnie, Md.
| | - Kimberly G Blumenthal
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Christina Chambers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Jennifer Namazy
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn
- Department of Pediatrics, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Elizabeth J Phillips
- Department of Medicine, Center for Drug Safety and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Nicholas L Rider
- Department of Health Systems and Implementation Science, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Va; Carilion Clinic, Section of Allergy-Immunology, Roanoke, Va
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2
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Nasibi S, Mojarrab S, Lashkarizadeh MR, Shafiei M, Saedi Dezaki E, Mahmoudvand H, Alizadeh A, Mohammadzadeh A, Adnani Sadati SJ, Mirbadie SR, Keighobadi M, Gholami S, Raeghi S, Abbasi M, Mohtasham F, Ravari MS, Dabirzadeh M, Mosavi Anari SA, Mirjalali H, Aliakbarian M, Abbasifard M, Fasihi Harandi M. Iranian Hydatid Disease Registry: Establishment and Implementation of a Neglected Tropical Disease Registry. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2023; 26:358-364. [PMID: 38301093 PMCID: PMC10685822 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2023.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) or hydatid disease is a global public health concern which imposes considerable economic costs on the communities in endemic regions. CE surveillance data are not adequately reliable. The present study reports the development and outcomes of a CE registry in Iran. METHODS Hydatid Registry (HydatidReg) was initially established as a single-center registry in 2014 after the ethical approval of KMU. Following a call from MoHME to promote registry of different diseases and health outcomes, a call for participation was announced and all the Iranian Universities of Medical Sciences were requested to contribute to the registry. Subsequently, a nation-wide registry of hydatid disease was established in 2016. With a global perspective, HydatidReg joined the European Register of Cystic Echinococcosis (ERCE). A data collection form based on minimum dataset was designed and standard operating procedures (SOPs) were prepared to ensure standardized patient enrolment in the registry. A biobank system with two-dimensional barcoding was established along with HydatidReg for management and organization of biological specimens. RESULTS As of March 2021, a total of 690 patients were enrolled in the registry. HydatidReg registered 362 (17.3%) out of the total 2097 patients enrolled in ERCE. Quality control (QC) of the data demonstrated 91.2% completeness and 80% timeliness. In the biobank, 322 biological specimens from 184 CE patients have been deposited including 70 blood, 96 sera and 156 parasite materials. CONCLUSION High-quality data in the HydatidReg registry provided opportunities for health professionals to improve quality of care and organize meaningful research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Nasibi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Mojarrab
- Deputy of Research, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran. Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Shafiei
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Saedi Dezaki
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Mahmoudvand
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Alizadeh
- Disease and Health Outcomes Registry Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadzadeh
- Disease and Health Outcomes Registry Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Seyed Jafar Adnani Sadati
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Keighobadi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Iranian National Registry Center for Toxoplasmosis (INRCT), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shirzad Gholami
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Abbasi
- Department of Health Information Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohtasham
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Sadat Ravari
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mansour Dabirzadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Mosavi Anari
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Aliakbarian
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mitra Abbasifard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ali-Ibn-Abi-Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Majid Fasihi Harandi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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3
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Sullivan KE. The yin and the yang of early classical pathway complement disorders. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 209:151-160. [PMID: 35648651 PMCID: PMC9390844 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical pathway of the complement cascade has been recognized as a key activation arm, partnering with the lectin activation arm and the alternative pathway to cleave C3 and initiate the assembly of the terminal components. While deficiencies of classical pathway components have been recognized since 1966, only recently have gain-of-function variants been described for some of these proteins. Loss-of-function variants in C1, C4, and C2 are most often associated with lupus and systemic infections with encapsulated bacteria. C3 deficiency varies slightly from this phenotypic class with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and infection as the dominant phenotypes. The gain-of-function variants recently described for C1r and C1s lead to periodontal Ehlers Danlos syndrome, a surprisingly structural phenotype. Gain-of-function in C3 and C2 are associated with endothelial manifestations including hemolytic uremic syndrome and vasculitis with C2 gain-of-function variants thus far having been reported in patients with a C3 glomerulopathy. This review will discuss the loss-of-function and gain-of-function phenotypes and place them within the larger context of complement deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Sullivan
- Division of Allergy Immunology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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4
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Petley E, Yule A, Alexander S, Ojha S, Whitehouse WP. The natural history of ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T): A systematic review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264177. [PMID: 35290391 PMCID: PMC9049793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ataxia-telangiectasia is an autosomal recessive, multi-system, and life-shortening disease caused by mutations in the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated gene. Although widely reported, there are no studies that give a comprehensive picture of this intriguing condition. OBJECTIVES Understand the natural history of ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), as reported in scientific literature. SEARCH METHODS 107 search terms were identified and divided into 17 searches. Each search was performed in PubMed, Ovid SP (MEDLINE) 1946-present, OVID EMBASE 1980 -present, Web of Science core collection, Elsevier Scopus, and Cochrane Library. SELECTION CRITERIA All human studies that report any aspect of A-T. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Search results were de-duplicated, data extracted (including author, publication year, country of origin, study design, population, participant characteristics, and clinical features). Quality of case-control and cohort studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa tool. Findings are reported descriptively and where possible data collated to report median (interquartile range, range) of outcomes of interest. MAIN RESULTS 1314 cases reported 2134 presenting symptoms. The most common presenting symptom was abnormal gait (1160 cases; 188 studies) followed by recurrent infections in classical ataxia-telangiectasia and movement disorders in variant ataxia-telangiectasia. 687 cases reported 752 causes of death among which malignancy was the most frequently reported cause. Median (IQR, range) age of death (n = 294) was 14 years 0 months (10 years 0 months to 23 years 3 months, 1 year 3 months to 76 years 0 months). CONCLUSIONS This review demonstrates the multi-system involvement in A-T, confirms that neurological symptoms are the most frequent presenting features in classical A-T but variants have diverse manifestations. We found that most individuals with A-T have life limited to teenage or early adulthood. Predominance of case reports, and case series demonstrate the lack of robust evidence to determine the natural history of A-T. We recommend population-based studies to fill this evidence gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Petley
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United
Kingdom
| | - Alexander Yule
- United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Lincoln, United
Kingdom
| | - Shaun Alexander
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United
Kingdom
| | - Shalini Ojha
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United
Kingdom
- Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton, NHS
Foundation Trust, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - William P. Whitehouse
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United
Kingdom
- Nottingham Children’s Hospital, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust,
Nottingham, United Kingdom
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5
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Abolhassani H, Azizi G, Sharifi L, Yazdani R, Mohsenzadegan M, Delavari S, Sohani M, Shirmast P, Chavoshzadeh Z, Mahdaviani SA, Kalantari A, Tavakol M, Jabbari-Azad F, Ahanchian H, Momen T, Sherkat R, Sadeghi-Shabestari M, Aleyasin S, Esmaeilzadeh H, Al-Herz W, Bousfiha AA, Condino-Neto A, Seppänen M, Sullivan KE, Hammarström L, Modell V, Modell F, Quinn J, Orange JS, Aghamohammadi A. Global systematic review of primary immunodeficiency registries. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 16:717-732. [PMID: 32720819 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1801422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the last 4 decades, registration of patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID) has played an essential role in different aspects of these diseases worldwide including epidemiological indexes, policymaking, quality controls of care/life, facilitation of genetic studies and clinical trials as well as improving our understanding about the natural history of the disease and the immune system function. However, due to the limitation of sustainable resources supporting these registries, inconsistency in diagnostic criteria and lack of molecular diagnosis as well as difficulties in the documentation and designing any universal platform, the global perspective of these diseases remains unclear. AREAS COVERED Published and unpublished studies from January 1981 to June 2020 were systematically reviewed on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Additionally, the reference list of all studies was hand-searched for additional studies. This effort identified a total of 104614 registered patients and suggests identification of at least 10590 additional PID patients, mainly from countries located in Asia and Africa. Molecular defects in genes known to cause PID were identified and reported in 13852 (13.2% of all registered) patients. EXPERT OPINION Although these data suggest some progress in the identification and documentation of PID patients worldwide, achieving the basic requirement for the global PID burden estimation and registration of undiagnosed patients will require more reinforcement of the progress, involving both improved diagnostic facilities and neonatal screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Abolhassani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj, Iran
| | - Laleh Sharifi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Yazdani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Mohsenzadegan
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Delavari
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Sohani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Paniz Shirmast
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Chavoshzadeh
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Mahdaviani
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases(NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Kalantari
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Tavakol
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Ahanchian
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tooba Momen
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Sherkat
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Lsfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, Lran
| | - Mahnaz Sadeghi-Shabestari
- Immunology research center of Tabriz, TB and lung research center of Tabriz, Children Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Science , Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Aleyasin
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Waleed Al-Herz
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuwait University , Kuwait City, Kuwait.,Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Al-Sabah Hospital , Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ahmed Aziz Bousfiha
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Clinique, d'Inflammation Et d'Allergie LICIA, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University , Casablanca, Morocco.,Clinical Immunology Unit, Casablanca Children's Hospital, Ibn Rochd Medical School, Hassan II University , Casablanca, Morocco.,The African Society for Immunodeficiencies (ASID) Registry
| | - Antonio Condino-Neto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil.,The Latin American Society for Immunodeficiencies (LASID) Registry
| | - Mikko Seppänen
- Adult Immunodeficiency Unit, Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland.,Rare Disease Center and Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland.,European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) Registry
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Division of Allergy Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA, USA.,The United States Immunodeficiency Network (USIDNET) Registry
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vicki Modell
- Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF) , New York City, NY, USA
| | - Fred Modell
- Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF) , New York City, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Quinn
- Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF) , New York City, NY, USA
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF) , New York City, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , New York, NY, USA
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Primary Immunodeficiencies Network (IPIN), Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran, Iran.,Asia Pacific Society for Immunodeficiencies (APSID) Registry
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6
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Rezaei N. In Memoriam: Asghar Aghamohammadi (May 30, 1951–November 14, 2020). J Clin Immunol 2021. [PMCID: PMC7779641 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00945-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiency, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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7
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Global Distribution of Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) in the Light of the UNDP Human Development Index (HDI): A Preliminary Perspective of a Rare Disease. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8416124. [PMID: 32953893 PMCID: PMC7481957 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8416124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), although the most common primary immunodeficiency in humans, is a rare disease. We explored the spatial global distribution and country-wise prevalence of CVID, based on published data and those available from databases. As a country's medical progress is linked to its technological and socio-economic developmental status, we expected that observed CVID prevalence was linked to human wellbeing. To assess this, we examined the correlation of observed CVID prevalence and the UNDP Human Development Index (HDI), which is a key measure of human development. Seventy-four data sets from 47 countries were available (most of them no older than 10 years). Analyses revealed that observed CVID prevalence ranged from 0.001 to 3.374 per 100,000 (mean 0.676 ± 0.83) and was highest in “high” HDI countries (Spearman′s rho = 0.757). Observed prevalence was particularly high in countries where immunodeficiencies are systematically documented in registers. In “low” and “middle” HDI countries, CVID awareness is extremely poor. Assuming that true CVID prevalence does not differ among countries, this study, though preliminary, provides evidence that the discrepancy between observed and (unknown) true prevalence can be clearly linked to the countries' developmental status. As a potential alternative explanation, we briefly discuss the possibility that variation in CVID prevalence is related to human genetic lineage.
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Global perspectives on primary immune deficiency diseases. STIEHM'S IMMUNE DEFICIENCIES 2020. [PMCID: PMC7258797 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816768-7.00054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Mortaz E, Azempour E, Mansouri D, Tabarsi P, Ghazi M, Koenderman L, Roos D, Adcock IM. Common Infections and Target Organs Associated with Chronic Granulomatous Disease in Iran. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 179:62-73. [PMID: 30904913 DOI: 10.1159/000496181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent severe bacterial and fungal infections are characteristic features of the rare genetic immunodeficiency disorder chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). The disease usually manifests within the first years of life with an incidence of 1 in approximately 200,000 live births. The incidence is higher in Iran and Morocco where it reaches 1.5 per 100,000 live births. Mutations have been described in the 5 subunits of NADPH oxidase, mostly in gp91phox and p47phox, with fewer mutations reported in p67phox, p22phox, and p40phox. These mutations cause loss of superoxide production in phagocytic cells. CYBB, the gene encoding the large gp91phox subunit of the transmembrane component cytochrome b558 of the NADPH oxidase complex, is localized on the X-chromosome. Genetic defects in CYBB are responsible for the disease in the majority of male CGD patients. CGD is associated with the development of granulomatous reactions in the skin, lungs, bones, and lymph nodes, and chronic infections may be seen in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, brain, and eyes. There is usually a history of repeated infections, including inflammation of the lymph glands, skin infections, and pneumonia. There may also be a persistent runny nose, inflammation of the skin, and inflammation of the mucous membranes of the mouth. Gastrointestinal problems can also occur, including diarrhea, abdominal pain, and perianal abscesses. Infection of the bones, brain abscesses, obstruction of the genitourinary tract and/or gastrointestinal tract due to the formation of granulomatous tissue, and delayed growth are also symptomatic of CGD. The prevention of infectious complications in patients with CGD involves targeted prophylaxis against opportunistic microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp. and Aspergillus spp. In this review, we provide an update on organ involvement and the association with specific isolated microorganisms in CGD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Mortaz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Azempour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Mansouri
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Tabarsi
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Ghazi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Roos
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, .,Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia,
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10
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Mozdarani H, Kiaee F, Fekrvand S, Azizi G, Yazdani R, Zaki-Dizaji M, Mozdarani S, Mozdarani S, Nosrati H, Abolhassani H, Aghamohammadi A. G2-lymphocyte chromosomal radiosensitivity in patients with LPS responsive beige-like anchor protein (LRBA) deficiency. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:680-690. [PMID: 30714845 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1577570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide-responsive, beige-like anchor protein (LRBA) deficiency is an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by a CVID-like phenotype, particularly severe autoimmunity and inflammatory bowel disease. This study was undertaken to evaluate radiation sensitivity in 11 LRBA-deficient patients. Therefore, stimulated lymphocytes of the studied subjects were exposed to a low dose γ-radiation (100 cGy) in the G2 phase of the cell cycle and chromosomal aberrations were scored. Lymphocytes of age-sex matched healthy individuals used in the same way as controls. Based on the G2-assay, six (54.5%) of the patients had higher radiosensitivity score comparing to the healthy control group, forming the radiosensitive LRBA-deficient patients. This chromosomal radiosensitivity showed that these patients are predisposed to autoimmunity and/or malignancy, and should be protected from unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic procedures using ionizing radiation and exposure to other DNA damaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mozdarani
- a Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Genetics , Tarbiat Modares University , Terhran , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kiaee
- b Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,c Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Saba Fekrvand
- b Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- d Non-communicable Diseases Research Center , Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj , Iran
| | - Reza Yazdani
- b Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Majid Zaki-Dizaji
- a Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Genetics , Tarbiat Modares University , Terhran , Iran
| | - Sahar Mozdarani
- e Cytogenome Medical Genetics laboratory , Chamran Medical Building , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sohail Mozdarani
- d Non-communicable Diseases Research Center , Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj , Iran
| | - Hassan Nosrati
- f Radiotherapy Department , Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- b Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,g Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine , Karolinska Institutet at the Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- b Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Asar S, Abolnezhadian F, Saki N, Nikakhlagh S, Safavi E. The relative frequency of primary immunodeficiency diseases in pediatric patients with recurrent sinusitis and otitis media. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Abolhassani H, Kiaee F, Tavakol M, Chavoshzadeh Z, Mahdaviani SA, Momen T, Yazdani R, Azizi G, Habibi S, Gharagozlou M, Movahedi M, Hamidieh AA, Behniafard N, Nabavi M, Bemanian MH, Arshi S, Molatefi R, Sherkat R, Shirkani A, Amin R, Aleyasin S, Faridhosseini R, Jabbari-Azad F, Mohammadzadeh I, Ghaffari J, Shafiei A, Kalantari A, Mansouri M, Mesdaghi M, Babaie D, Ahanchian H, Khoshkhui M, Soheili H, Eslamian MH, Cheraghi T, Dabbaghzadeh A, Tavassoli M, Kalmarzi RN, Mortazavi SH, Kashef S, Esmaeilzadeh H, Tafaroji J, Khalili A, Zandieh F, Sadeghi-Shabestari M, Darougar S, Behmanesh F, Akbari H, Zandkarimi M, Abolnezhadian F, Fayezi A, Moghtaderi M, Ahmadiafshar A, Shakerian B, Sajedi V, Taghvaei B, Safari M, Heidarzadeh M, Ghalebaghi B, Fathi SM, Darabi B, Bazregari S, Bazargan N, Fallahpour M, Khayatzadeh A, Javahertrash N, Bashardoust B, Zamani M, Mohsenzadeh A, Ebrahimi S, Sharafian S, Vosughimotlagh A, Tafakoridelbari M, Rahimi M, Ashournia P, Razaghian A, Rezaei A, Mamishi S, Parvaneh N, Rezaei N, Hammarström L, Aghamohammadi A. Fourth Update on the Iranian National Registry of Primary Immunodeficiencies: Integration of Molecular Diagnosis. J Clin Immunol 2018; 38:816-832. [PMID: 30302726 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-018-0556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of inherited diseases and the spectrum of clinical manifestations of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) are ever-expanding. Molecular diagnosis using genomic approaches should be performed for all PID patients since it provides a resource to improve the management and to estimate the prognosis of patients with these rare immune disorders. METHOD The current update of Iranian PID registry (IPIDR) contains the clinical phenotype of newly registered patients during last 5 years (2013-2018) and the result of molecular diagnosis in patients enrolled for targeted and next-generation sequencing. RESULTS Considering the newly diagnosed patients (n = 1395), the total number of registered PID patients reached 3056 (1852 male and 1204 female) from 31 medical centers. The predominantly antibody deficiency was the most common subcategory of PID (29.5%). The putative causative genetic defect was identified in 1014 patients (33.1%) and an autosomal recessive pattern was found in 79.3% of these patients. Among the genetically different categories of PID patients, the diagnostic rate was highest in defects in immune dysregulation and lowest in predominantly antibody deficiencies and mutations in the MEFV gene were the most frequent genetic disorder in our cohort. CONCLUSIONS During a 20-year registration of Iranian PID patients, significant changes have been observed by increasing the awareness of the medical community, national PID network establishment, improving therapeutic facilities, and recently by inclusion of the molecular diagnosis. The current collective study of PID phenotypes and genotypes provides a major source for ethnic surveillance, newborn screening, and genetic consultation for prenatal and preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Abolhassani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Iranian Primary Immunodeficiencies Network (IPIN), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kiaee
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Primary Immunodeficiencies Network (IPIN), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Tavakol
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zahra Chavoshzadeh
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Mahdaviani
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tooba Momen
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Yazdani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Primary Immunodeficiencies Network (IPIN), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Imam Hassan Mojtaba Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sima Habibi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Primary Immunodeficiencies Network (IPIN), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Gharagozlou
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Movahedi
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Hamidieh
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Behniafard
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammamd Nabavi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool e Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Bemanian
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool e Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Arshi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool e Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasol Molatefi
- Department of Pediatrics, Bo-Ali children's Hospital of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Roya Sherkat
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, lsfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Afshin Shirkani
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Bushehr University of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Reza Amin
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soheila Aleyasin
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Faridhosseini
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Iraj Mohammadzadeh
- Noncommunicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Amirkola Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Javad Ghaffari
- Department of Pediatrics, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Alireza Shafiei
- Department of Immunology, Bahrami Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Kalantari
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Mansouri
- Immunology and Allergy Department, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Mesdaghi
- Immunology and Allergy Department, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delara Babaie
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahanchian
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoshkhui
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Habib Soheili
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | | | - Taher Cheraghi
- Department of Pediatrics, 17th Shahrivar Children's Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Abbas Dabbaghzadeh
- Noncommunicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Amirkola Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Tavassoli
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Nasiri Kalmarzi
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Sara Kashef
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Javad Tafaroji
- Department of Pediatrics, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Abbas Khalili
- Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fariborz Zandieh
- Department of Immunology, Bahrami Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sepideh Darougar
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Behmanesh
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hedayat Akbari
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Abolnezhadian
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Abbas Fayezi
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Moghtaderi
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Behzad Shakerian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vahid Sajedi
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Behrang Taghvaei
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mojgan Safari
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Heidarzadeh
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Babak Ghalebaghi
- Department of Pediatrics, 17th Shahrivar Children's Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Fathi
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Behzad Darabi
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Saeed Bazregari
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Bushehr University of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Nasrin Bazargan
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Morteza Fallahpour
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool e Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khayatzadeh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Javahertrash
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool e Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Bashardoust
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Zamani
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Azam Mohsenzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Sarehsadat Ebrahimi
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samin Sharafian
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Vosughimotlagh
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Tafakoridelbari
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maziar Rahimi
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Ashournia
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Razaghian
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Primary Immunodeficiencies Network (IPIN), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Mamishi
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Parvaneh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Primary Immunodeficiencies Network (IPIN), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Primary Immunodeficiencies Network (IPIN), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Iranian Primary Immunodeficiencies Network (IPIN), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Prevalence and Outcomes of Primary Immunodeficiency in Hospitalized Children in the United States. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2018; 6:1705-1710.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Al-Riyami AZ, Al-Zadjali S, Al-Mamari S, Al-Said B, Al-Qassabi J, Al-Tamemi S. Correlation between flow cytometry and molecular findings in autosomal recessive chronic granulomatous disease: A cohort study from Oman. Int J Lab Hematol 2018; 40:592-596. [PMID: 29947158 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an X-linked (XL) or autosomal recessive (AR) primary immunodeficiency disease. Respiratory burst assessment by flow cytometry is a rapid test of granulocyte stimulation, and results predict the underlying genotype. This study aims to describe the immune-phenotypic profile of patients with CGD diagnosed in our center and correlate that with underlying genetic mutations. METHODS Immuno-phenotypic and genetic data on all patients with CGD diagnosed at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 32 patients were diagnosed with CGD using molecular studies. Genetically confirmed individuals included 1 patient with XL-CGD (a large deletion involving the CYBB and XK genes resulting in a McLeod phenotype), 27 patients with AR-CGD with a c.579G>A (p.Trp193X) mutation at the NCF1 gene, and 4 patients with AR-CGD with a c.784G>A (p.Gly262Ser) mutation at the NCF1 gene. Flow cytometry and molecular results were available for comparison in 26 patients with AR-CGD. The patients with AR-CGD had a range of flow cytometry-generated fluorescent patterns as follows: reduced neutrophil stimulation with a sharp peak (12/26), reduced neutrophil stimulation with a broad peak (11/26), and a complete lack of neutrophil stimulation (3/26). No consistent flow cytometry-generated fluorescent pattern was observed in either of the 2 AR mutations identified in our patients. CONCLUSION Flow cytometry is a robust test of CGD diagnosis. However, results should be interpreted with caution when predicting the underlying probable genotype, and results need to be complemented with definitive molecular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Z Al-Riyami
- Department of Hematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - S Al-Zadjali
- Department of Hematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - S Al-Mamari
- Department of Hematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - B Al-Said
- Department of Hematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - J Al-Qassabi
- Department of Hematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - S Al-Tamemi
- Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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15
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Surveillance of Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders in Mofid Children's Hospital: A 10-year retrospective experience. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.61642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Mohammadzadeh I, Moazzami B, Ghaffari J, Aghamohammadi A, Rezaei N. Primary immunodeficiency diseases in Northern Iran. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2017; 45:244-250. [PMID: 28237128 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID) are a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders, characterised by recurrent severe infections, autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation. Despite impressive progress in identification of novel PID, there is an unfortunate lack of awareness among physicians in identification of patients with PID, especially in non-capital cities of countries worldwide. RESULT This study was performed in a single-centre paediatric hospital in Northern Iran during a 21-year period (1994-2015). Ninety-four patients were included in this study. The majority of cases had antibody deficiencies (37.23%), followed by well-defined syndromes with immunodeficiency in 16 (17.02%), phagocytic disorders in 15 patients (15.95%), complement deficiencies in 15 patients (15.95%), immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity in nine patients (9.57%), disease of immune dysregulation in three (3.19%), and defects in intrinsic and innate immunity in one (1.06%). CONCLUSION It seems that there are major variations in frequency of different types of PID in different regions of a country. Therefore, reporting local data could provide better ideas to improve the local health care system strategists and quality of care of PID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mohammadzadeh
- Noncommunicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Babol, Iran
| | - B Moazzami
- Noncommunicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Babol, Iran
| | - J Ghaffari
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - A Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - N Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases in Oman: 10-Year Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital. J Clin Immunol 2016; 36:785-792. [PMID: 27699572 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-016-0337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary immunodeficiency (PID) diseases are rare, complex medical disorders that often are overlooked in clinical settings. There are emerging reports of PID from Middle Eastern populations. This study describes the features of PID patients in a tertiary care setting in Oman and compares them with regional and worldwide reports. METHOD Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) is an academic tertiary care-level hospital for specialized healthcare, including PID patients. At the time of diagnosis, patients' sociodemographics, clinical features, laboratory investigations, and management were entered in electronic form. This study included patients seen between August 2005 and July 2015. RESULTS One hundred forty patients were registered with a minimum estimated population prevalence of 7.0/100,000. The male/female ratio was 1.6:1, the median age of onset of symptoms was 8 months, and diagnosis was 21 months with a delay of 13 months. Family history was positive in 44 %, consanguinity was present in 76 %, death of a previous sibling was present in 36 %, and there was an overall mortality in 18 %, with an 85 % probability of survival 10 years following diagnosis. The most common type of immunodeficiency was phagocytic disorders (35.0 %), followed by predominantly antibody disorders (20.7 %), combined immunodeficiency (17.8 %), other well-defined PID syndromes (15.0 %), immune dysregulation syndromes (3.5 %), complement deficiencies (3.5 %), and unclassified immunodeficiency (4.2 %). The commonest presenting infection was pneumonia (47.1 %). CONCLUSION PID is not a rare condition in Oman. The prevalence is in concordance with reports from the region but higher than in Western populations. The findings of the current study would help to improve the awareness and management of, and policy making for PID.
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18
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Lugo Reyes SO, Ramirez-Vazquez G, Cruz Hernández A, Medina-Torres EA, Ramirez-Lopez AB, España-Cabrera C, Hernandez-Lopez CA, Yamazaki-Nakashimada MA, Espinosa-Rosales FJ, Espinosa-Padilla SE, Murata C. Clinical Features, Non-Infectious Manifestations and Survival Analysis of 161 Children with Primary Immunodeficiency in Mexico: A Single Center Experience Over two Decades. J Clin Immunol 2015; 36:56-65. [PMID: 26707787 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-015-0226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The hallmark of Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) is unusual infection, although other immunological non-infectious manifestations such as autoimmunity, allergy and cancer are often present. Most published reports focus on one disease or defect groups, so that a global prevalence of non-infectious manifestations of PID is hard to find. We aimed to describe the clinical features of our pediatric patients with PID, as well as the frequency and evolution of allergy, cancer and autoimmunity. METHODS We reviewed all the available charts of patients being followed for PID from 1991 to the spring of 2012 at the National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, to describe their demographic, clinical and laboratory features. Their diagnoses were established by pediatric immunologists in accordance to ESID criteria, including routine immunological workup and specialized diagnostic assays. We divided patients by decade of diagnosis to analyze their survival curves. RESULTS There were 168 charts available, from which we excluded one duplicate and six equivocal diagnoses. We studied the charts of 161 PID patients (68% male, 86% alive), mostly from the center of the country, with a positive family history in 27% and known consanguinity in 11%. Eighty percent of the patients were diagnosed during the last decade. Current median age was 124 months; median age at onset of infections, 12 months; median age at diagnosis, 52 months; median age at death, 67.5 months. Severe infection and bleeding were the cause of 22 deaths. Eighty-six percent of all patients had at least one infection, while non-infectious manifestations had a global prevalence of 36%, namely: autoimmunity 19%, allergies 17%, and cancer 2.4%. Survival curves were not significantly different when compared by decade of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Compared to other registry reports, we found a lower prevalence of antibody defects, and of associated allergy and cancer. We could only locate two isolated IgA deficiencies and four cases of cancer among our PID patients. Although antibody defects are the most prevalent group (30%), the distribution we found is similar to that reported in Iran, Kuwait, Egypt and Taiwan, with a close 27% share for phagocyte defects, and 26% for the formerly called "well-defined" syndromes. Of note, autoimmune and inflammatory complications are high among our patients with chronic granulomatous disease, as has been reported in both the United States and Japan, but not in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alonso Cruz Hernández
- Clinical Immunology Department, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar A Medina-Torres
- Immunodeficiencies Research Unit, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Corín España-Cabrera
- Clinical Immunology Department, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Francisco J Espinosa-Rosales
- Immunodeficiencies Research Unit, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
- Clinical Immunology Department, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Chiharu Murata
- Research Methodology Department, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico.
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19
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Bonilla FA, Barlan I, Chapel H, Costa-Carvalho BT, Cunningham-Rundles C, de la Morena MT, Espinosa-Rosales FJ, Hammarström L, Nonoyama S, Quinti I, Routes JM, Tang MLK, Warnatz K. International Consensus Document (ICON): Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2015; 4:38-59. [PMID: 26563668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isil Barlan
- Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Helen Chapel
- John Radcliffe Hospital and University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - M Teresa de la Morena
- Children's Medical Center and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | - John M Routes
- Children's Hospital of Wisconsin and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis
| | - Mimi L K Tang
- Royal Children's Hospital and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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20
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Report of the Tunisian Registry of Primary Immunodeficiencies: 25-Years of Experience (1988-2012). J Clin Immunol 2015; 35:745-53. [PMID: 26464197 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-015-0206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are a large group of diseases characterized by susceptibility to not only recurrent infections but also autoimmune diseases and malignancies. The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the distribution, clinical features and eventual outcome of PID among Tunisian patients. METHODS We reviewed the record of 710 patients diagnosed with Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases (PIDs) from the registry of the Tunisian Referral Centre for PIDs over a 25-year period. RESULTS The male-to-female ratio was 1.4. The median age at the onset of symptoms was 6 months and at the time of diagnosis 2 years. The estimated prevalence was 4.3 per 100,000 populations. The consanguinity rate was found in 58.2 % of families. According to the International Union of Immunological Societies classification, spectrums of PIDs were as follows: combined T-cell and B-cell immunodeficiency disorders account for the most common category (28.6 %), followed by congenital defects of phagocyte (25.4 %), other well-defined immunodeficiency syndromes (22.7 %), predominant antibody deficiency diseases (17.7 %), diseases of immune dysregulation (4.8 %), defect of innate immunity (0.4 %) and complement deficiencies (0.4 %). Recurrent infections, particularly lower airway infections (62.3 %), presented the most common manifestation of PID patients. The overall mortality rate was 34.5 %, mainly observed with combined immunodeficiencies. CONCLUSION The distribution of PIDs was different from that reported in Western countries, with a particularly high proportion of Combined Immunodeficiencies and phagocyte defects in number and/or function. More is needed to improve PID diagnosis and treatment in our country.
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Sadeghi B, Abolhassani H, Naseri A, Rezaei N, Aghamohammadi A. Economic burden of common variable immunodeficiency: annual cost of disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 11:681-8. [PMID: 25804338 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.1029457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the context of the unknown economic burden imposed by primary immunodeficiency diseases, in this study, we sought to calculate the costs associated with the most prevalent symptomatic disease, common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). METHODS Direct, indirect and intangible costs were recorded for diagnosed CVID patients. Hidden Markov model was used to evaluate different disease-related factors and Monte Carlo method for estimation of uncertainty intervals. RESULTS The total estimated cost of diagnosed CVID is US$274,200/patient annually and early diagnosis of the disease can save US$6500. Hospital admission cost (US$25,000/patient) accounts for the most important expenditure parameter before diagnosis, but medication cost (US$40,600/patients) was the main factor after diagnosis primarily due to monthly administration of immunoglobulin. CONCLUSION The greatest cost-determining factor in our study was the cost of treatment, spent mostly on immunoglobulin replacement therapy of the patients. It was also observed that CVID patients' costs are reduced after diagnosis due to appropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamdad Sadeghi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sullivan KE, Puck JM, Notarangelo LD, Fuleihan R, Caulder T, Wang C, Boyle M, Cunningham-Rundles C. USIDNET: a strategy to build a community of clinical immunologists. J Clin Immunol 2014; 34:428-35. [PMID: 24711005 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-014-0028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Information about patients with primary immune deficiencies can be scarce because of the rarity of the disorders. Individual centers rarely have sufficient patients to educate trainees and garner collective wisdom. Registries for many diseases have proven their worth by providing essential information on disease spectrum, treatments and natural history. This study describes the construction and use of a registry for patients with primary immune deficiencies and other efforts to improve knowledge and care for affected patients and their families. METHODS Registry demographics and data were extracted using proprietary reporting tools. Educational efforts and cell repository data were collected from centralized source material. RESULTS The USIDNET Registry contains 3,459 patients, with common variable immune deficiency being the most represented. Pilot studies identified strengths and weaknesses of the data. Visiting Professor and Visiting Scholar Programs have been successful, encouraging trainees at all levels to pursue a career in Immunology. CONCLUSIONS USIDNET's comprehensive and integrated approach provides resources that strengthen the field of primary immune deficiencies, as shown by utilization by 312 distinct sites or individuals. The reach of USIDNET's efforts is extended through the educational resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Sullivan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,
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Aghamohammadi A, Mohammadinejad P, Abolhassani H, Mirminachi B, Movahedi M, Gharagozlou M, Parvaneh N, Zeiaee V, Mirsaeed-Ghazi B, Chavoushzadeh Z, Mahdaviani A, Mansouri M, Yousefzadegan S, Sharifi B, Zandieh F, Hedayat E, Nadjafi A, Sherkat R, Shakerian B, Sadeghi-Shabestari M, Farid Hosseini R, Jabbari-Azad F, Ahanchian H, Behmanesh F, Zandkarimi M, Shirkani A, Cheraghi T, Fayezi A, Mohammadzadeh I, Amin R, Aleyasin S, Moghtaderi M, Ghaffari J, Arshi S, Javahertrash N, Nabavi M, Bemanian MH, Shafiei A, Kalantari N, Ahmadiafshar A, Khazaei HA, Atarod L, Rezaei N. Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders in Iran: Update and New Insights from the Third Report of the National Registry. J Clin Immunol 2014; 34:478-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-014-0001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Latif AH, Tabassomi F, Abolhassani H, Hammarström L. Molecular diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency diseases in a developing country: Iran as an example. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:385-96. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.880654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Costa-Carvalho BT, Grumach AS, Franco JL, Espinosa-Rosales FJ, Leiva LE, King A, Porras O, Bezrodnik L, Oleastro M, Sorensen RU, Condino-Neto A. Attending to warning signs of primary immunodeficiency diseases across the range of clinical practice. J Clin Immunol 2013; 34:10-22. [PMID: 24241582 PMCID: PMC3930833 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-013-9954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDD) may present with recurrent infections affecting different organs, organ-specific inflammation/autoimmunity, and also increased cancer risk, particularly hematopoietic malignancies. The diversity of PIDD and the wide age range over which these clinical occurrences become apparent often make the identification of patients difficult for physicians other than immunologists. The aim of this report is to develop a tool for educative programs targeted to specialists and applied by clinical immunologists. Methods Considering the data from national surveys and clinical reports of experiences with specific PIDD patients, an evidence-based list of symptoms, signs, and corresponding laboratory tests were elaborated to help physicians other than immunologists look for PIDD. Results Tables including main clinical manifestations, restricted immunological evaluation, and possible related diagnosis were organized for general practitioners and 5 specialties. Tables include information on specific warning signs of PIDD for pulmonologists, gastroenterologists, dermatologists, hematologists, and infectious disease specialists. Conclusions This report provides clinical immunologists with an instrument they can use to introduce specialists in other areas of medicine to the warning signs of PIDD and increase early diagnosis. Educational programs should be developed attending the needs of each specialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Tavares Costa-Carvalho
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP-EPM), 725 Otonis Street, São Paulo, SP, 04025-002, Brazil,
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Arandi N, Mirshafiey A, Abolhassani H, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Edalat R, Sadeghi B, Shaghaghi M, Aghamohammadi A. Frequency and expression of inhibitory markers of CD4(+) CD25(+) FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells in patients with common variable immunodeficiency. Scand J Immunol 2013; 77:405-12. [PMID: 23432692 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most symptomatic primary antibody deficiency associated with recurrent infections and chronic inflammatory diseases as well as autoimmunity. CD4(+) CD25(+) FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical T cell subsets for maintaining self-tolerance and regulation of immune response to antigens thus play a pivotal role in preventing autoimmunity. Thirty-seven CVID patients and 18 age-/sex-matched controls were enrolled. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from both groups, and the percentage of Tregs was calculated using flow cytometry method. The mRNA expression of Tregs' surface markers cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor (GITR), which are associated with Tregs' inhibitory function, was compared between patients and controls by quantitative real-time PCR TaqMan method. The results revealed that the frequency of Tregs was significantly lower in CVID patients than normal individuals (P < 0.001). In addition, CVID patients with autoimmunity were found to have markedly reduced proportion of Tregs compared to those cases without autoimmune diseases (P = 0.023). A significant difference was seen in factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) expression between CVID patients and controls (P < 0.001). The mRNAs of CTLA-4 and GITR genes were expressed at lower levels in CVID patients compared to control group (P = 0.005 and <0.001, respectively). Our findings showed reduced proportion of Tregs in CVID patients together with downregulation of FOXP3 protein and diminished expression of inhibitory Tregs' markers. It could be concluded that all of these changes may be responsible for cellular immune dysregulation observed in these patients especially those with autoimmune manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Arandi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sazzad HM, Rainey JJ, Luby SP. Response to the letter to the Editor: “Correction of the information presented as reference”. Vaccine 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Primary immunodeficiency diseases in oman: five years' experience at sultan qaboos university hospital. World Allergy Organ J 2012; 5:52-6. [PMID: 23268475 PMCID: PMC3488925 DOI: 10.1097/wox.0b013e318258830f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are considered rare but are generally assumed to be more common in Middle Eastern countries. The prevalence and characteristics of PIDs are unknown in Oman. Methods: Sultan Qaboos University Hospital is the national referral center for PID in Oman during the study period. Patients were diagnosed and classified according to the clinical and laboratory criteria of PID reported by the International Union of Immunological Societies Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Classification Committee. A registry was created, and patient data were analyzed between July 2005 and July 2010. Results: Over a 5-year period, there were a total of 90 patients, with an estimated prevalence of 4.5 cases per 100,000. The most common form of immunodeficiency was phagocyte disorders (42%), mainly chronic granulomatous disease, followed by predominantly antibody disorders (18%), other well-defined PID syndromes (13%), and combined immunodeficiencies (12%). The median age of onset of symptoms was 9 months. The median age of diagnosis was 24 months. Consanguinity was present in 81% of patients. The most common infectious presentation was pneumonia (42%), followed by deep abscess (27%) and BCGosis (12%). A total of 25% of patients required intravenous immunoglobulins treatment, 4% required gamma interferon therapy, and 11% underwent bone marrow transplantation. Of all PID patients, 90% survived treatment, whereas 10% did not. Conclusions: The estimated minimum prevalence of PID in Oman is 4.5 cases per 100,000, with a predominance of phagocyte disorders. Consanguinity is a significant factor; pneumonia and deep abscesses were the main infectious presentations. The overall survival rate was 90%. Strategies are needed to improve the care for PID patients and to increase the awareness among parents and physicians.
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Errante PR, Franco JL, Espinosa-Rosales FJ, Sorensen R, Condino-Neto A. Advances in primary immunodeficiency diseases in Latin America: epidemiology, research, and perspectives. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1250:62-72. [PMID: 22364447 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are genetic disorders of the immune system comprising many different phenotypes. Although previously considered rare, recent advances in their clinical, epidemiological, and molecular definitions are revealing how much we still need to learn about them. For example, geographical and ethnic variations as well as the impact of certain practices influence their frequency and presentation, making it necessary to consider their study in terms of regions. The Latin American Society for Immunodeficiencies was established as an organization dedicated to provide scientific support for basic and clinical research and to develop tools and educational resources to promote awareness in the medical community. Initiatives such as these are positively influencing the way PIDs are tackled in these countries, as shown by recent reports and publications. This paper provides a historical compilation and a current view of the many issues faced by scientists studying these diseases in these countries, highlighting the diverse scientific contributions and offering a promising perspective for the further developments in this field in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ruggero Errante
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Rezaei N, Mohammadinejad P, Aghamohammadi A. The demographics of primary immunodeficiency diseases across the unique ethnic groups in Iran, and approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1238:24-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Aghamohammadi A, Bahrami A, Mamishi S, Mohammadi B, Abolhassani H, Parvaneh N, Rezaei N. Impact of delayed diagnosis in children with primary antibody deficiencies. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2011; 44:229-34. [PMID: 21524619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2011.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary antibody deficiencies (PADs) are heterogeneous group of disorders, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and increased susceptibility to recurrent infections. To evaluate the diagnostic delay in Iranian PADs in association with their infections, we scored such manifestations to find an association between such delay and the scoring system. METHODS Forty-eight patients with PADs, who were referred to our center during a 25-year period, were enrolled in this study. Each episode of infection, before making the PADs diagnosis, got a score of 5 or 10 based on the severity of infections. RESULTS The diagnosis was made with median delay of 34.5 months, when the patients had mean score of 94.48 ± 52.89. There was a significant direct association between this scoring system and delay diagnosis. The score of 50 was considered as the cutoff point in our patient group. In this score, the suspicions to PADs in more than 90% of patients true positively lead to diagnosis of PADs. CONCLUSION Although diagnosis delay significantly decreased over time, PADs still continue to be diagnosed late. Based on the results of this study, the assessment of immune system should be performed in the patients with 50 total score or about 25 score per year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mamishi S, Eghbali AN, Rezaei N, Abolhassani H, Parvaneh N, Aghamohammadi A. A single center 14 years study of infectious complications leading to hospitalization of patients with primary antibody deficiencies. Braz J Infect Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1413-8670(10)70074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Kim JH, Park HJ, Choi GS, Kim JE, Ye YM, Nahm DH, Park HS. Immunoglobulin G subclass deficiency is the major phenotype of primary immunodeficiency in a Korean adult cohort. J Korean Med Sci 2010; 25:824-8. [PMID: 20514300 PMCID: PMC2877226 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.6.824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) is a rare disorder in adults. Most often, serious forms are detected during infancy or childhood. However, mild forms of PID may not be diagnosed until later in life, and some types of humoral immunodeficiency may occur in adulthood. The purpose of this study was to identify clinical features of PID in Korean adults. A retrospective study was performed on 55 adult patients who were diagnosed as PID between January 1998 and January 2009 at a single tertiary medical center in Korea. IgG subclass deficiency was the most common phenotype (67%, 37/55), followed by total IgG deficiency (20%, 11/55), IgM deficiency (7%, 4/55), common variable immunodeficiency (2%, 1/55), and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (2%, 1/55). IgG3 and IgG4 were the most affected subclasses. Upper and lower respiratory tract infections (76%) were the most frequently observed symptoms, followed by multiple site infection (11%), urinary tract infection, and colitis. Bronchial asthma, rhinitis, and several autoimmune diseases were common associated diseases. IgG and IgG subclass deficiency should be considered in adult patients presenting with recurrent upper and lower respiratory infections, particularly in those with respiratory allergies or autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hee Kim
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Selective deficiency of immunoglobulin A among healthy voluntary blood donors in Iran. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2009. [PMID: 19503637 DOI: 10.2450/2008.0047-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Rezaei N, Moazzami K, Aghamohammadi A, Klein C. Neutropenia and Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases. Int Rev Immunol 2009; 28:335-66. [DOI: 10.1080/08830180902995645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Moin M, Aghamohammadi A, Farhoudi A, Pourpak Z, Rezaei N, Movahedi M, Gharagozlou M, Ghazi BMS, Zahed A, Abolmaali K, Mahmoudi M, Emami L, Bashashati M. X‐Linked Agammaglobulinemia: A Survey of 33 Iranian Patients. Immunol Invest 2009; 33:81-93. [PMID: 15015835 DOI: 10.1081/imm-120027687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to determine the clinical and laboratory features of X-linked agammaglobulinemia, the records of 33 male patients with XLA were reviewed during 22 years (1980-2002) in the Iranian referral center of primary immunodeficiency disorders. The patients' ages ranged from 20 to 360 months (median 113 months). The median age at the onset of the disease was 8 months and the median age of diagnosis was 48 months, with a median diagnosis delay of 33 months. Almost all of the patients presented common infectious diseases, which were: pneumonia, otitis, diarrhea, sinusitis, and arthritis. During the course of illness, infections in the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, and musculoskeletal system were seen in 93.9%, 75.8%, 33.3%, and 21.2% of XLA patients, respectively. The most common complications of these patients were chronic infections in 75.8% of them, including: chronic otitis media, chronic sinusitis, chronic diarrhea, and bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Moin
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology of Children's Medical Center, Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Molecular diagnosis of X-linked chronic granulomatous disease in Iran. Int J Hematol 2009; 87:398-404. [PMID: 18322777 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-008-0060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Revised: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited disorder of pathogen killing by phagocytic leukocytes caused by mutations in NADPH oxidase subunits. Patients with CGD have life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections. Children's Medical Center at Tehran University is the referral center for immunodeficiency in Iran. During 2 years of study, 11 non-consanguineous families with clinically diagnosed CGD were referred to this center. In functional assays performed on neutrophils from affected children and their mothers; no activity or strongly decreased oxidase activity was detected in the patients' cells. In oxidase tests that scored this activity on a per-cell basis, a mosaic pattern was detected in the neutrophils from all 11 mothers. Western blot analysis revealed an X91 degrees phenotype in all patients. Mutation screening in the CYBB gene encoding gp91(phox) by SSCP analysis followed by sequencing showed nine different mutations, including two novel mutations. The present survey is the first study aimed to analyze the clinical features and the molecular diagnosis of X-CGD in Iranian patients.
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Aghamohammadi A, Moin M, Karimi A, Naraghi M, Zandieh F, Isaeian A, Tahaei A, Talaei-Khoei M, Kouhi A, Abdollahzade S, Pouladi N, Heidari G, Amirzargar AA, Rezaei N, Sazgar AA. Immunologic evaluation of patients with recurrent ear, nose, and throat infections. Am J Otolaryngol 2008; 29:385-92. [PMID: 19144299 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/04/2007] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to study the frequency of possible underlying immunodeficiency responsible for susceptibility to ear, nose, and throat (ENT) infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred three (72 males and 31 females) consecutive children and adult patients with history of recurrent or chronic ENT infections, referred by otolaryngologists to the Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran), were enrolled to the study from March 2003 to March 2006. For each patient, demographic information and medical histories of any ENT infections were collected by reviewing the patient's records. We measured immunoglobulin isotype concentrations and immunoglobulin (Ig) G subclasses by nephelometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods, respectively. Of 103 patients, 75 received unconjugated pneumococcus polyvalent vaccine, and blood samples were taken before and 21 days after vaccination. Specific antibodies against whole pneumococcal antigens were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Existence of bronchiectasis was confirmed in each patient using high resolution computed tomography scan. RESULTS Among 103 patients, 17 (16.5%) patients were diagnosed to have defects in antibody-mediated immunity including 6 patients with immunoglobulin class deficiency (2 common variable deficiency and 4 IgA deficiency), 3 with IgG subclass deficiency (2 IgG2 and 1 IgG3), and 8 with specific antibody deficiency against polysaccharide antigens. In our series, bronchiectasis was detected in 5 cases associated with primary immunodeficiency. CONCLUSIONS Long-standing history of ENT infections could be an alarm for ENT infections associated with primary antibody deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) belongs to the Tec family of nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases. Mutations in the BTK gene cause X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA); a primary immunodeficiency disorder in human. No clear genotype-phenotype correlation has been established in XLA so far. To determine how differently mutations in BTK affect the severity of the disease and if BTK promoter polymorphic variant or intron 1 polymorphic variant in Tec, a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that might substitute for Btk, could contribute to the clinical phenotype, we analyzed the clinical and molecular findings in a cohort of XLA patients. Polymorphisms in BTK promoter and TEC intron 1 regions include substitutions of C>T (rs2071219) and T>C (rs2664019), respectively. Btk expression was evaluated by means of western immunoblotting and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. Mutations were categorized as mild or severe and patients were evaluated for the clinical severity of disease. On the basis of the results, severe genotypes do not necessarily lead to severe phenotypes. More over, in a considerable number of patients with mild phenotype we showed a severe mutation with a tendency toward C substitution in the polymorphic site on TEC intron 1.
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Jones LBKR, McGrogan P, Flood TJ, Gennery AR, Morton L, Thrasher A, Goldblatt D, Parker L, Cant AJ. Special article: chronic granulomatous disease in the United Kingdom and Ireland: a comprehensive national patient-based registry. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 152:211-8. [PMID: 18410635 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There are no epidemiological studies from the British Isles of chronic granulomatous disease, characterized by recurrent, life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections and inflammatory sequelae. Patients were enrolled in a national registry and medical records were analysed. Of 94 subjects, 69 had X-linked disease, 16 had autosomal recessive disease and nine were unknown. Prevalence was 7.5/million for 1990-99 and 8.5/million for 1980-89. Suppurative adenitis, abscesses and pneumonia presented commonly. Twenty-three of 30 patients who underwent high resolution computerized tomography had chronic respiratory disease. Inflammatory sequelae included bowel stricture and urogenital tract granulomata. Growth failure was common; 75% of those measured were below the population mean. All patients received prophylactic antibiotics and 93% anti-fungal prophylaxis. Interferon gamma was used to treat infection, but rarely as prophylaxis. Despite prophylaxis, estimated survival was 88% at 10 years but 55% at age 30 years. Morbidity remains significant, severe infectious complications common. Curative treatments including stem cell transplantation should be considered for patients with frequent or serious complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B K R Jones
- School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Child Health, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Yeganeh M, Heidarzade M, Pourpak Z, Parvaneh N, Rezaei N, Gharagozlou M, Movahedi M, Shabestari MS, Mamishi S, Aghamohammadi A, Moin M. Severe combined immunodeficiency: a cohort of 40 patients. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2008; 19:303-6. [PMID: 18093084 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2007.00647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) consists of a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by an arrest in T lymphocyte development which is variably associated with an abnormal differentiation of B and NK cells. In order to depict the clinical state of Iranian patients with SCID, records of forty patients were reviewed. Patients were classified based on the flow cytometry data in two groups of B- and B+. In thirty two families (80%) parents were consanguine and in 17 families (50%) there were affected members other than proband. We showed that autosomal forms of SCID might be more frequent due to higher rate of consanguineous marriages. Alongside several infective complications, complicated Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination was documented in 18 cases (45%) following the routine vaccination at birth. BCG immunization is still a part of standard vaccination for newborns in developing countries; whereas in communities with a better health condition it could be held for a few months and performed for kids whose immune system sounds intact. We discuss where consanguine mating is common, a test of screening should be run timely. A complete blood count of cord blood could reveal lymphocytopenia at birth; this helps early diagnosis. Genetic consultation would help the families with affected members preventing new SCID offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Yeganeh
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children's Medical Centre, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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43
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Rezaei N, Aghamohammadi A, Siadat SD, Moin M, Pourpak Z, Nejati M, Ahmadi H, Kamali S, Norouzian D, Tabaraei B, Read RC. Serum bactericidal antibody responses to meningococcal polysaccharide vaccination as a basis for clinical classification of common variable immunodeficiency. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2008; 15:607-11. [PMID: 18235041 PMCID: PMC2292653 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00489-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2007] [Revised: 01/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and increased susceptibility to recurrent pyogenic infections. This study was performed to subclassify CVID on the basis of the bactericidal antibody responses of patients to polysaccharide meningococcal vaccine. Twenty-five patients with CVID (18 male and 7 female) and 25 healthy volunteers received meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine A + C. Serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) titers were measured at baseline and after 3 weeks. Response was correlated with clinical and immunological manifestations of CVID. Twenty-four (96%) of the 25 normal controls had a protective SBA titer of > or = 8 postvaccination, whereas only 16 (64%) of the 25 CVID patients had a protective titer (P value = 0.013). Among the patients with CVID who were nonresponders, there were significantly increased rates of bronchiectasis (P = 0.008), splenomegaly (P = 0.016), and autoimmunity (P = 0.034) in comparison with patients who had protective SBA titers. A reversed CD4/CD8 ratio was more common in the nonresponder group of patients (P = 0.053). We conclude that individuals with CVID who cannot produce protective postvaccination titers after receiving meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine are more likely to exhibit bronchiectasis, splenomegaly, and autoimmune diseases. Vaccination response may define subgroups of patients with CVID, enabling more effective monitoring and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Rezaei
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Tehran 14194, Iran.
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44
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Research in the field of rare diseases such as primary immunodeficiencies can be significantly improved with sufficient patient numbers. Patient registries can help provide the basis for this by collecting data over a longer period of time and by connecting centres nationally or even internationally. The present article reviews recent publications both on database systems themselves and the research performed using results from these databases. The review also includes older publications on national registries that are considered relevant for the topic. RECENT FINDINGS Databases that have been set up during past years and decade(s) now include a wealth of data for research on different primary immunodeficiencies and can be queried for studies. Database curation, however, remains an issue in most cases. A lack of time, funding and manpower is the main hurdle to be overcome by curators and participating centres SUMMARY Several national databases have already produced results. The international patient databases are also ready to launch studies on multiple topics, while mutation data are accessible worldwide through the Internet. The present review introduces database systems as well as results obtained on this basis.
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45
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Primary Immunodeficiencies. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY, ASTHMA AND IMMUNOLOGY 2008. [PMCID: PMC7121684 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-33395-1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs), once considered to be very rare, are now increasingly recognized because of growing knowledge in the immunological field and the availability of more sophisticated diagnostic techniques and therapeutic modalities [161]. However in a database of >120,000 inpatients of a general hospital for conditions suggestive of ID 59 patients were tested, and an undiagnosed PID was found in 17 (29%) of the subjects tested [107]. The publication of the first case of agammaglobulinemia by Bruton in 1952 [60] demonstrated that the PID diagnosis is first done in the laboratory. However, PIDs require specialized immunological centers for diagnosis and management [33]. A large body of epidemiological evidence supports the hypothesis of the existence of a close etiopathogenetic relation between PID and atopy [73]. In particular, an elevated frequency of asthma, food allergy (FA), atopic dermatitis and enteric pathologies can be found in various PIDs. In addition we will discuss another subject that is certainly of interest: the pseudo-immunodepressed child with recurrent respiratory infections (RRIs), an event that often requires medical intervention and that very often leads to the suspicion that it involves antibody deficiencies [149].
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Aghamohammadi A, Moin M, Kouhi A, Mohagheghi MA, Shirazi A, Rezaei N, Tavassoli S, Esfahani M, Cheraghi T, Dastan J, Nersesian J, Ghaffari SR. Chromosomal radiosensitivity in patients with common variable immunodeficiency. Immunobiology 2007; 213:447-54. [PMID: 18472053 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2007.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Revised: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous group of primary immunodeficiency disorders. In addition to recurrent infections and autoimmunity, cancers are more prevalent in these patients than the normal population. Increased radiosensitivity may be a reason for the increased malignancies. To analyze chromosomal radiosensitivity of CVID patients, lymphocytes were cultured from 20 CVID patients. After irradiation (50, 100 cGy), metaphases were evaluated for chromosomal aberrations. Results were compared in patients, healthy individuals, and ataxia telangiectasia as positive controls. Before irradiation there was no difference between groups of patients, but after radiation, the incidence of all kinds of aberrations was higher in the CVID patients and this was statistically significant at 100 cGy (P<0.05). CVID patients appear to be susceptible to in vitro irradiation. These patients should be protected from unnecessary radiographic diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Also, radiosensitivity may help classifying CVID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology of Children's Medical Center, Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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47
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Mansouri D, Adimi P, Mirsaedi M, Mansouri N, Tabarsi P, Amiri M, Jamaati HR, Motavasseli M, Baghaii N, Cheraghvandi A, Rouhi R, Roozbahany NA, Zahirifard S, Mohammadi F, Masjedi MR, Velayati AA, Casanova JL, Speert DP, Elwood RK, Schellenberg R, Turvey SE. Primary immune deficiencies presenting in adults: seven years of experience from Iran. J Clin Immunol 2007; 25:385-91. [PMID: 16133995 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-005-4124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are not solely diseases of childhood. We describe the clinical presentation and outcome for 55 adult patients with previously unrecognized PIDs. This series provides unique data regarding PIDs presenting in adulthood, and serves as a timely reminder that physicians must consider the diagnosis of PIDs in their adult patients. Using the experience gained from these patients, we outline key "warning signs" suggestive of an underlying PID. Only through increased physician awareness will patients with PIDs receive timely diagnosis and optimal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Mansouri
- National Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Masih Daneshvary Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Darabad, Tehran, Iran.
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48
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Moin M, Aghamohammadi A, Kouhi A, Tavassoli S, Rezaei N, Ghaffari SR, Gharagozlou M, Movahedi M, Purpak Z, Mirsaeid Ghazi B, Mahmoudi M, Farhoudi A. Ataxia-telangiectasia in Iran: clinical and laboratory features of 104 patients. Pediatr Neurol 2007; 37:21-8. [PMID: 17628218 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Revised: 01/04/2007] [Accepted: 03/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia is a multisystem disorder characterized by progressive neurologic impairment, variable immunodeficiency, impaired organ maturation, x-ray hypersensitivity, oculocutaneous telangiectasia, and a predisposition to malignancy. To evaluate clinical and immunologic features of Iranian patients with ataxia-telangiectasia, the records of 104 patients with ataxia-telangiectasia (54 male, 50 female) with the age range of 1.6-23.5 years were reviewed. The Iranian Primary Immunodeficiency Registry was used as the data source. Progressive ataxia was seen in all the patients. Other symptoms were eye movement disorders (n = 84), slurred speech (n = 70), mental retardation (n = 10), and ocular (n = 87) and cutaneous (n = 73) telangiectasia. Three patients developed leukemia and lymphoma, and 17 patients had family history of malignancy. Positive correlation was seen between clinical immunologic symptoms and immunoglobulin deficiencies (P = 0.004). The predominant infections were sinopulmonary and acute and recurrent infections (78 cases). Infections included pneumonia (56 patients), otitis media (34 patients), and sinusitis (50 patients). Average serum alpha-fetoprotein level was 149 +/- 137 ng/dL. The incidence of ataxia-telangiectasia in Iran is high, possibly due to familial marriages. Treatment should be focused on supportive management to prolong survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Moin
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children's Medical Center, and Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
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Shabestari MS, Maljaei SH, Baradaran R, Barzegar M, Hashemi F, Mesri A, Rezaei N. Distribution of Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases in the Turk Ethnic Group, Living in the Northwestern Iran. J Clin Immunol 2007; 27:510-6. [PMID: 17588143 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-007-9101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) are a heterogeneous group of disorders, characterized by an unusual increased susceptibility to various infections. In order to study the frequency of PID in Turk ethnic group of northwestern Iran, this study was performed. Fifty-nine PID patients (36 male and 23 female) with a mean age of 5.3 years (median: 3 years; range: <1 to 22 years) were diagnosed in a 5-year period. The estimated occurrence of PID is about 24 per 100,000 live births in this region. Combined T- and B-cell immunodeficiencies were the most common form of PID in this region, including severe combined immunodeficiency (32.2%), followed by ataxia-telangiectasia (22.0%) and common variable immunodeficiency (18.6%). Recurrent infections were found in almost all our patients, particularly in the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Fifteen patients died (25.4%) because of recurrent and severe infections. All dead patients belong to the group of combined T- and B-cell immunodeficiencies. Although PID was previously considered as a group of rare disorders, these is an increased trend in recognition of PID. The high incidence of severe combined immunodeficiency and ataxia-telangiectasia could be due to the genetic backgrounds in the Turk ethnic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Sadeghi Shabestari
- Division of Immunology Allergy, Tabriz Pediatrics Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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50
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Boyle JM, Buckley RH. Population prevalence of diagnosed primary immunodeficiency diseases in the United States. J Clin Immunol 2007; 27:497-502. [PMID: 17577648 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-007-9103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Although health surveys are routinely used to estimate the population incidence and prevalence of many chronic and acute conditions in the U.S. population, they have infrequently been used for "rare" conditions such as primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID). Accurate prevalence measures are needed to separate the truly rare condition from those that primary care doctors are likely to see in their practices today, if early diagnosis and treatment are to be achieved. METHODS A national probability sample of 10,000 households was sampled by random digit dialing and screened by telephone to identify how many of the nearly 27,000 household members had been diagnosed with a PID. RESULTS A total of 23 household members in 18 households were reported with a specific diagnosis for PID (CVID, IgA, IgG, XLA, SCID, CGD), whereas additional cases were reported as a PID without a confirmatory diagnosis. These findings suggest a population prevalence of diagnosed PID in the United States at approximately 1 in 1,200 persons. CONCLUSIONS Diagnoses of PID in the United States are far more common than suggested in the literature.
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