1
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Vadon-Le Goff S, Tessier A, Napoli M, Dieryckx C, Bauer J, Dussoyer M, Lagoutte P, Peyronnel C, Essayan L, Kleiser S, Tueni N, Bettler E, Mariano N, Errazuriz-Cerda E, Fruchart Gaillard C, Ruggiero F, Becker-Pauly C, Allain JM, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Nyström A, Moali C. Identification of PCPE-2 as the endogenous specific inhibitor of human BMP-1/tolloid-like proteinases. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8020. [PMID: 38049428 PMCID: PMC10696041 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BMP-1/tolloid-like proteinases (BTPs) are major players in tissue morphogenesis, growth and repair. They act by promoting the deposition of structural extracellular matrix proteins and by controlling the activity of matricellular proteins and TGF-β superfamily growth factors. They have also been implicated in several pathological conditions such as fibrosis, cancer, metabolic disorders and bone diseases. Despite this broad range of pathophysiological functions, the putative existence of a specific endogenous inhibitor capable of controlling their activities could never be confirmed. Here, we show that procollagen C-proteinase enhancer-2 (PCPE-2), a protein previously reported to bind fibrillar collagens and to promote their BTP-dependent maturation, is primarily a potent and specific inhibitor of BTPs which can counteract their proteolytic activities through direct binding. PCPE-2 therefore differs from the cognate PCPE-1 protein and extends the possibilities to fine-tune BTP activities, both in physiological conditions and in therapeutic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Vadon-Le Goff
- University of Lyon, CNRS UMR5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Agnès Tessier
- University of Lyon, CNRS UMR5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), 69367, Lyon, France
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manon Napoli
- University of Lyon, CNRS UMR5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Cindy Dieryckx
- University of Lyon, CNRS UMR5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Bauer
- University of Lyon, CNRS UMR5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Mélissa Dussoyer
- University of Lyon, CNRS UMR5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Priscillia Lagoutte
- University of Lyon, CNRS UMR5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Célian Peyronnel
- University of Lyon, CNRS UMR5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Lucie Essayan
- University of Lyon, CNRS UMR5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Svenja Kleiser
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Tueni
- Laboratoire de Mécanique des Solides, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
- INRIA, 91120, Palaiseau, France
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Bettler
- University of Lyon, CNRS UMR5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Natacha Mariano
- University of Lyon, CNRS UMR5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Elisabeth Errazuriz-Cerda
- University of Lyon, Centre d'Imagerie Quantitative Lyon-Est (CIQLE), SFR Santé-Lyon Est, 69373, Lyon, France
| | - Carole Fruchart Gaillard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), SIMoS, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Florence Ruggiero
- ENS Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Christoph Becker-Pauly
- University of Kiel, Biochemical Institute, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jean-Marc Allain
- Laboratoire de Mécanique des Solides, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
- INRIA, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Leena Bruckner-Tuderman
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Catherine Moali
- University of Lyon, CNRS UMR5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), 69367, Lyon, France.
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2
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Hong L, Zang X, Hu Q, He Y, Xu Z, Xie Y, Gu T, Yang H, Yang J, Shi J, Zheng E, Huang S, Xu Z, Liu D, Cai G, Li Z, Wu Z. Uterine luminal-derived extracellular vesicles: potential nanomaterials to improve embryo implantation. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:79. [PMID: 36882792 PMCID: PMC9990359 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01834-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Most pregnancy losses worldwide are caused by implantation failure for which there is a lack of effective therapeutics. Extracellular vesicles are considered potential endogenous nanomedicines because of their unique biological functions. However, the limited supply of ULF-EVs prevents their development and application in infertility diseases such as implantation failure. In this study, pigs were used as a human biomedical model, and ULF-EVs were isolated from the uterine luminal. We comprehensively characterized the proteins enriched in ULF-EVs and revealed their biological functions in promoting embryo implantation. By exogenously supplying ULF-EVs, we demonstrated that ULF-EVs improve embryo implantation, suggesting that ULF-EVs are a potential nanomaterial to treat implantation failure. Furthermore, we identified that MEP1B is important in improving embryo implantation by promoting trophoblast cell proliferation and migration. These results indicated that ULF-EVs can be a potential nanomaterial to improve embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Hong
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xupeng Zang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjuan He
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqian Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanshe Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqiang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Junsong Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Yunfu Subcenter of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, 527300, People's Republic of China
| | - Enqin Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Sixiu Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Dewu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zicong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Noh SG, Jung HJ, Kim S, Arulkumar R, Chung KW, Park D, Choi YJ, Chung HY. Sex-Mediated Differences in TNF Signaling- and ECM-Related Gene Expression in Aged Rat Kidney. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:552-562. [PMID: 37005299 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Aging leads to the functional decline of an organism, which is associated with age and sex. To understand the functional change of kidneys depending on age and sex, we carried out a transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data from rat kidneys. Four differentially expressed gene (DEG) sets were generated according to age and sex, and Gene Ontology analysis and overlapping analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were performed for the DEG sets. Through the analysis, we revealed that inflammation- and extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes and pathways were upregulated in both males and females during aging, which was more prominent in old males than in old females. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling-related genes, Birc3, Socs3, and Tnfrsf1b, and ECM-related genes, Cd44, Col3a1, and Col5a2, which showed that the genes were markedly upregulated in males and not females during aging. Also, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining for histological analysis showed that renal damage was highly shown in old males rather than old females. In conclusion, in the rat kidney, the genes involved in TNF signaling and ECM accumulation are upregulated in males more than in females during aging. These results suggest that the upregulation of the genes may have a higher contribution to age-related kidney inflammation and fibrosis in males than in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Gyun Noh
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
| | - Seungwoo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
| | - Radha Arulkumar
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology
| | - Yeon Ja Choi
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Dongguk University
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
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4
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Werny L, Grogro A, Bickenbach K, Bülck C, Armbrust F, Koudelka T, Pathak K, Scharfenberg F, Sammel M, Sheikhouny F, Tholey A, Linder S, Becker-Pauly C. MT1-MMP and ADAM10/17 exhibit a remarkable overlap of shedding properties. FEBS J 2023; 290:93-111. [PMID: 35944080 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-type-I matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is one of six human membrane-bound MMPs and is responsible for extracellular matrix remodelling by degrading several substrates like fibrillar collagens, including types I-III, or fibronectin. Moreover, MT1-MMP was described as a key player in cancer progression and it is involved in various inflammatory processes, as well as in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The membrane-tethered metalloprotease meprin β as well as a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) and ADAM17 are also associated with these diseases. Interestingly, meprin β, ADAM10/17 and MT1-MMP also have a shared substrate pool including the interleukin-6 receptor and the amyloid precursor protein. We investigated the interaction of these proteases, focusing on a possible connection between MT1-MMP and meprin β, to elucidate the potential mutual regulations of both enzymes. Herein, we show that besides ADAM10/17, MT1-MMP is also able to shed meprin β from the plasma membrane, leading to the release of soluble meprin β. Mass spectrometry-based cleavage site analysis revealed that the cleavage of meprin β by all three proteases occurs between Pro602 and Ser603 , N-terminal of the EGF-like domain. Furthermore, only inactive human pro-meprin β is shed by MT1-MMP, which is again in accordance with the shedding capability observed for ADAM10/17. Vice versa, meprin β also appears to shed MT1-MMP, indicating a complex regulatory network. Further studies will elucidate this well-orchestrated proteolytic web under distinct conditions in health and disease and will possibly show whether the loss of one of the above-mentioned sheddases can be compensated by the other enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Werny
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Cynthia Bülck
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Germany
| | - Fred Armbrust
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Germany
| | - Tomas Koudelka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, AG Proteomics & Bioanalytics, University of Kiel, Germany
| | - Kriti Pathak
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Martin Sammel
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Tholey
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, AG Proteomics & Bioanalytics, University of Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Linder
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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5
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Bayly-Jones C, Lupton CJ, Fritz C, Venugopal H, Ramsbeck D, Wermann M, Jäger C, de Marco A, Schilling S, Schlenzig D, Whisstock JC. Helical ultrastructure of the metalloprotease meprin α in complex with a small molecule inhibitor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6178. [PMID: 36261433 PMCID: PMC9581967 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc-dependent metalloprotease meprin α is predominantly expressed in the brush border membrane of proximal tubules in the kidney and enterocytes in the small intestine and colon. In normal tissue homeostasis meprin α performs key roles in inflammation, immunity, and extracellular matrix remodelling. Dysregulated meprin α is associated with acute kidney injury, sepsis, urinary tract infection, metastatic colorectal carcinoma, and inflammatory bowel disease. Accordingly, meprin α is the target of drug discovery programs. In contrast to meprin β, meprin α is secreted into the extracellular space, whereupon it oligomerises to form giant assemblies and is the largest extracellular protease identified to date (~6 MDa). Here, using cryo-electron microscopy, we determine the high-resolution structure of the zymogen and mature form of meprin α, as well as the structure of the active form in complex with a prototype small molecule inhibitor and human fetuin-B. Our data reveal that meprin α forms a giant, flexible, left-handed helical assembly of roughly 22 nm in diameter. We find that oligomerisation improves proteolytic and thermal stability but does not impact substrate specificity or enzymatic activity. Furthermore, structural comparison with meprin β reveal unique features of the active site of meprin α, and helical assembly more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Bayly-Jones
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Christopher J. Lupton
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Claudia Fritz
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department for Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-MWT), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle, Germany
| | - Hariprasad Venugopal
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC Australia
| | - Daniel Ramsbeck
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department for Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-MWT), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Wermann
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department for Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-MWT), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Alex de Marco
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Stephan Schilling
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department for Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-MWT), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle, Germany ,grid.427932.90000 0001 0692 3664Hochschule Anhalt, University of Applied Sciences, Köthen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Schlenzig
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department for Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-MWT), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle, Germany
| | - James C. Whisstock
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857EMBL Australia, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia ,grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
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6
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Grainger AT, Pilar N, Li J, Chen MH, Abramson AM, Becker-Pauly C, Shi W. Identification of Mep1a as a susceptibility gene for atherosclerosis in mice. Genetics 2021; 219:6377788. [PMID: 34849841 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of heart attack, ischemic stroke and peripheral arterial disease, and genetic factors involved remain mostly unidentified. We previously identified a significant locus on mouse chromosome 17 for atherosclerosis, Ath49, in an intercross between BALB/c and SM strains. Ath49 partially overlaps in the confidence interval with Ath22 mapped in an AKR × DBA/2 intercross. Bioinformatics analysis prioritized Mep1a, encoding meprin 1α metalloendopeptidase, as a likely candidate gene for Ath49. To prove causality, Mep1a-/-Apoe-/- mice were generated and compared with Mep1a+/+Apoe-/- mice for atherosclerosis development. Mep1a was found abundantly expressed in atherosclerotic lesions but not in healthy aorta and liver of mice. Mep1a-/- Apoe-/- mice exhibited significant reductions in both early and advanced lesion sizes. Loss of Mep1a led to decreased necrosis but increased macrophage and neutrophil contents in advanced lesions, reduced plasma levels of CXCL5 and an oxidative stress biomarker. In addition, Mep1a-/- mice had significantly reduced triglyceride levels on a chow diet. Thus, Mep1a is a susceptibility gene for atherosclerosis and aggravates atherosclerosis partially through action on oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Grainger
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Nathanael Pilar
- Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mei-Hua Chen
- Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ashley M Abramson
- Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | - Weibin Shi
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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7
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Gellrich A, Scharfenberg F, Peters F, Sammel M, Helm O, Armbrust F, Schmidt F, Lokau J, Garbers C, Sebens S, Arnold P, Becker-Pauly C. Characterization of the Cancer-Associated Meprin Βeta Variants G45R and G89R. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:702341. [PMID: 34692768 PMCID: PMC8526939 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.702341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Meprin β is a metalloprotease associated with neurodegeneration, inflammation, extracellular matrix homeostasis, transendothelial cell migration, and cancer. In this study, we investigated two melanoma-associated variants of meprin β, both exhibiting a single amino acid exchange, namely, meprin β G45R and G89R. Based on the structural data of meprin β and with regard to the position of the amino acid exchanges, we hypothesized an increase in proteolytic activity in the case of the G45R variant due to the induction of a potential new activation site and a decrease in proteolytic activity from the G89R variant due to structural instability. Indeed, the G89R variant showed, overall, a reduced expression level compared to wild-type meprin β, accompanied by decreased activity and lower cell surface expression but strong accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum. This was further supported by the analysis of the shedding of the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) by meprin β and its variants. In transfected HEK cells, the G89R variant was found to generate less soluble IL-6R, whereas the expression of meprin β G45R resulted in increased shedding of the IL-6R compared to wild-type meprin β and the G89R variant. A similar tendency of the induced shedding capacity of G45R was seen for the well-described meprin β substrate CD99. Furthermore, employing an assay for cell migration in a collagen IV matrix, we observed that the transfection of wild-type meprin β and the G45R variant resulted in increased migration of HeLa cells, while the G89R variant led to diminished mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Florian Peters
- Department of Ophthalmology, Laboratory for Retinal Cell Biology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Sammel
- Biochemical Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ole Helm
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fred Armbrust
- Biochemical Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Juliane Lokau
- Institute of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Garbers
- Institute of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, FAU Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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8
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Armbrust F, Bickenbach K, Marengo L, Pietrzik C, Becker-Pauly C. The Swedish dilemma - the almost exclusive use of APPswe-based mouse models impedes adequate evaluation of alternative β-secretases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119164. [PMID: 34699873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, however incurable so far. It is widely accepted that aggregated amyloid β (Aβ) peptides play a crucial role for the pathogenesis of AD, as they cause neurotoxicity and deposit as so-called Aβ plaques in AD patient brains. Aβ peptides derive from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) upon consecutive cleavage at the β- and γ-secretase site. Hence, mutations in the APP gene are often associated with autosomal dominant inherited AD. Almost thirty years ago, two mutations at the β-secretase site were observed in two Swedish families (termed Swedish APP (APPswe) mutations), which led to early-onset AD. Consequently, APPswe was established in almost every common AD mouse model, as it contributes to early Aβ plaque formation and cognitive impairments. Analyzing these APPswe-based mouse models, the aspartyl protease BACE1 has been evolving as the prominent β-secretase responsible for Aβ release in AD and as the most important therapeutic target for AD treatment. However, with respect to β-secretase processing, the very rare occurring APPswe variant substantially differs from wild-type APP. BACE1 dominates APPswe processing resulting in the release of Aβ1-x, whereas N-terminally truncated Aβ forms are scarcely generated. However, these N-terminally truncated Aβ species such as Aβ2-x, Aβ3-x and Aβ4-x are elevated in AD patient brains and exhibit an increased potential to aggregate compared to Aβ1-x peptides. Proteases such as meprin β, cathepsin B and ADAMTS4 were identified as alternative β-secretases being capable of generating these N-terminally truncated Aβ species from wild-type APP. However, neither meprin β nor cathepsin B are capable of generating N-terminally truncated Aβ peptides from APPswe. Hence, the role of BACE1 for the Aβ formation during AD might be overrepresented through the excessive use of APPswe mouse models. In this review we critically discuss the consideration of BACE1 as the most promising therapeutic target. Shifting the focus of AD research towards alternative β secretases might unveil promising alternatives to BACE1 inhibitors constantly failing in clinical trials due to ineffectiveness and harmful side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Armbrust
- Biochemical Institute, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kira Bickenbach
- Biochemical Institute, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Liana Marengo
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Claus Pietrzik
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Christoph Becker-Pauly
- Biochemical Institute, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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9
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Li W, Lückstädt W, Wöhner B, Bub S, Schulz A, Socher E, Arnold P. Structural and functional properties of meprin β metalloproteinase with regard to cell signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119136. [PMID: 34626678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The metalloproteinase meprin β plays an important role during collagen I deposition in the skin, mucus detachment in the small intestine and also regulates the abundance of different cell surface proteins such as the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R), the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), the cluster of differentiation 99 (CD99), the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the cluster of differentiation 109 (CD109). With that, regulatory mechanisms that control meprin β activity and regulate its release from the cell surface to enable access to distant substrates are increasingly important. Here, we will summarize factors that alternate meprin β activity and thereby regulate its proteolytic activity on the cell surface or in the supernatant. We will also discuss cleavage of the IL-6R and TREM2 on the cell surface and compare it to CD109. CD109, as a substrate of meprin β, is cleaved within the protein core, thereby releasing defined fragments from the cell surface. At last, we will also summarize the role of proteases in general and meprin β in particular in substrate release on extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Li
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Lückstädt
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Kiel, Germany
| | - Birte Wöhner
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon Bub
- Department of Molecular-Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antonia Schulz
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Kiel, Germany
| | - Eileen Socher
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
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10
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Regulation of meprin metalloproteases in mucosal homeostasis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119158. [PMID: 34626680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mucus is covering the entire epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), building the interface for the symbiosis between microorganisms and their host. Hence, a disrupted mucosal barrier or alterations of proper mucus composition, including the gut microbiota, can cause severe infection and inflammation. Meprin metalloproteases are well-known to cleave various pro-inflammatory molecules, contributing to the onset and progression of pathological conditions including sepsis, pulmonary hypertension or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, meprins have an impact on migration and infiltration of immune cells like monocytes or leukocytes during intestinal inflammation by cleaving tight junction proteins or cell adhesion molecules, thereby disrupting epithelial cell barrier and promoting transendothelial cell migration. Interestingly, both meprin α and meprin β are susceptibility genes for IBD. However, both genes are significantly downregulated in inflamed intestinal tissue in contrast to healthy donors. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is the basis for developing new and effective therapies against manifold pathologies like IBD. This review focuses on the regulation of meprin metalloproteases and its impact on physiological and pathological conditions related to mucosal homeostasis.
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11
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Song XJ, Zhou HY, Sun YY, Huang HC. Phosphorylation and Glycosylation of Amyloid-β Protein Precursor: The Relationship to Trafficking and Cleavage in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:937-957. [PMID: 34602469 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in the central nervous system, and this disease is characterized by extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is the main constituent of senile plaques, and this peptide is derived from the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) through the successive cleaving by β-site AβPP-cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1) and γ-secretase. AβPP undergoes the progress of post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and glycosylation, which might affect the trafficking and the cleavage of AβPP. In the recent years, about 10 phosphorylation sites of AβPP were identified, and they play complex roles in glycosylation modification and cleavage of AβPP. In this article, we introduced the transport and the cleavage pathways of AβPP, then summarized the phosphorylation and glycosylation sites of AβPP, and further discussed the links and relationship between phosphorylation and glycosylation on the pathways of AβPP trafficking and cleavage in order to provide theoretical basis for AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Jun Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China.,Research Institute of Functional Factors and Brain Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - He-Yan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China.,Research Institute of Functional Factors and Brain Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ying Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China.,Research Institute of Functional Factors and Brain Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Chang Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China.,Research Institute of Functional Factors and Brain Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
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12
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Peters F, Rahn S, Mengel M, Scharfenberg F, Otte A, Koudelka T, Wagner EF, Wunderlich FT, Haase M, Naumann R, Tholey A, Becker-Pauly C. Syndecan-1 shedding by meprin β impairs keratinocyte adhesion and differentiation in hyperkeratosis. Matrix Biol 2021; 102:37-69. [PMID: 34508852 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of proteolytic enzymes has huge impact on epidermal homeostasis, which can result in severe pathological conditions such as fibrosis or Netherton syndrome. The metalloprotease meprin β was found to be upregulated in hyperproliferative skin diseases. AP-1 transcription factor complex has been reported to induce Mep1b expression. Since AP-1 and its subunit fos-related antigen 2 (fra-2) are associated with the onset and progression of psoriasis, we wanted to investigate if this could partially be attributed to increased meprin β activity. Here, we demonstrate that fra-2 transgenic mice show increased meprin β expression and proteolytic activity in the epidermis. To avoid influence by other fra-2 regulated genes, we additionally generated a mouse model that enabled tamoxifen-inducible expression of meprin β under the Krt5-promotor to mimic the pathological condition. Interestingly, induced meprin β expression in the epidermis resulted in hyperkeratosis, hair loss and mottled pigmentation of the skin. Employing N-terminomics revealed syndecan-1 as a substrate of meprin β in skin. Shedding of syndecan-1 at the cell surface caused delayed calcium-induced differentiation and impaired adhesion of keratinocytes, which was blocked by the meprin β inhibitor fetuin-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Peters
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany; Laboratory for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Zurich 8952, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Rahn
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Marion Mengel
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Franka Scharfenberg
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Anna Otte
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Tomas Koudelka
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Laboratory Genes and Disease, Department of Dermatology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - F Thomas Wunderlich
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Michael Haase
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, Dresden University, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Ronald Naumann
- MPI of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
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13
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Rath M, Pitiot A, Kirr M, Fröhlich W, Plosnita B, Schliep S, Bauerschmitz J, Baur AS, Ostalecki C. Multi-Antigen Imaging Reveals Inflammatory DC, ADAM17 and Neprilysin as Effectors in Keloid Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179417. [PMID: 34502327 PMCID: PMC8430546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Keloid is an aberrant scarring process of the skin, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix synthesis and deposition. The pathogenesis of this prevalent cutaneous disorder is not fully understood; however, a persistent inflammatory process is observed. To obtain more insight into this process, we analyzed lesional, perilesional and healthy tissue using multi-antigen-analysis (MAA) in conjunction with a data mining approach. Here, we demonstrate that monocyte-derived inflammatory dendritic cells (CD1a+, CD11c+, CD14+) and activated CD4+ T lymphocytes (CD45 RO+) dominated the immune infiltration in keloids while associating with fibroblasts. In perilesional tissue, precursor immune cells were dominant in the perivascular area, suggesting that they were attracted by an immune process, potentially in the lesional area. Supporting this hypothesis, only in keloid lesions, high levels of ADAM10/17 and Neprilysin (CD10) were observed in both fibroblasts and leukocytes. The spatial proximity of these two cell types, which could be confirmed by image analysis only in lesional tissue, could be a potential factor leading to the activation of fibroblasts. Our findings provide new insight into the pathogenesis of keloid formation and reveal metalloproteinases as a target for therapeutical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Rath
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Alain Pitiot
- Laboratory of Image & Data Analysis, Ilixa Ltd., London W1U 6NQ, UK;
| | - Michael Kirr
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (W.F.); (S.S.); (J.B.); (A.S.B.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Waltraud Fröhlich
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (W.F.); (S.S.); (J.B.); (A.S.B.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Schliep
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (W.F.); (S.S.); (J.B.); (A.S.B.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bauerschmitz
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (W.F.); (S.S.); (J.B.); (A.S.B.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas S. Baur
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (W.F.); (S.S.); (J.B.); (A.S.B.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Ostalecki
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (W.F.); (S.S.); (J.B.); (A.S.B.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-8532965
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14
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Kruppa D, Peters F, Bornert O, Maler MD, Martin SF, Becker-Pauly C, Nyström A. Distinct contributions of meprins to skin regeneration after injury - Meprin α a physiological processer of pro-collagen VII. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 11:100065. [PMID: 34435182 PMCID: PMC8377016 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Meprins subtly support epidermal and dermal skin wound healing. Loss of both meprins reduces re-epithelialization and wound macrophage abundance. Meprin α is a physiological maturing proteinase of collagen VII. Meprins are reduced in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa skin.
Astacin-like proteinases (ALPs) are regulators of tissue and extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. They convey this property through their ability to convert ECM protein pro-forms to functional mature proteins and by regulating the bioavailability of growth factors that stimulate ECM synthesis. The most studied ALPs in this context are the BMP-1/tolloid-like proteinases. The other subclass of ALPs in vertebrates – the meprins, comprised of meprin α and meprin β – are emerging as regulators of tissue and ECM homeostasis but have so far been only limitedly investigated. Here, we functionally assessed the roles of meprins in skin wound healing using mice genetically deficient in one or both meprins. Meprin deficiency did not change the course of macroscopic wound closure. However, subtle but distinct contributions of meprins to the healing process and dermal homeostasis were observed. Loss of both meprins delayed re-epithelialization and reduced macrophage infiltration. Abnormal dermal healing and ECM regeneration was observed in meprin deficient wounds. Our analyses also revealed meprin α as one proteinase responsible for maturation of pro-collagen VII to anchoring fibril-forming-competent collagen VII in vivo. Collectively, our study identifies meprins as subtle players in skin wound healing.
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Key Words
- ALP, astacin-like proteinase
- BSA, bovine serum albumine
- BTP, BMP-1/tolloid-like proteinase
- DAPI, 4′-,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DEJ, dermal epidermal junction
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
- Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Extracellular matrix
- FA, formic acid
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- Fibrosis
- Inflammation
- NC, non-collagenous
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- TBS, tris-buffered saline
- WT, wild type
- Wound healing
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- αSMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kruppa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Peters
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany.,Laboratory for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Schlieren / Zurich, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Bornert
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mareike D Maler
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan F Martin
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany
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15
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Lagoutte P, Bettler E, Vadon-Le Goff S, Moali C. Procollagen C-proteinase enhancer-1 (PCPE-1), a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for fibrosis. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 11:100062. [PMID: 34435180 PMCID: PMC8377038 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The correct balance between collagen synthesis and degradation is essential for almost every aspect of life, from development to healthy aging, reproduction and wound healing. When this balance is compromised by external or internal stress signals, it very often leads to disease as is the case in fibrotic conditions. Fibrosis occurs in the context of defective tissue repair and is characterized by the excessive, aberrant and debilitating deposition of fibril-forming collagens. Therefore, the numerous proteins involved in the biosynthesis of fibrillar collagens represent a potential and still underexploited source of therapeutic targets to prevent fibrosis. One such target is procollagen C-proteinase enhancer-1 (PCPE-1) which has the unique ability to accelerate procollagen maturation by BMP-1/tolloid-like proteinases (BTPs) and contributes to trigger collagen fibrillogenesis, without interfering with other BTP functions or the activities of other extracellular metalloproteinases. This role is achieved through a fine-tuned mechanism of action that is close to being elucidated and offers promising perspectives for drug design. Finally, the in vivo data accumulated in recent years also confirm that PCPE-1 overexpression is a general feature and early marker of fibrosis. In this review, we describe the results which presently support the driving role of PCPE-1 in fibrosis and discuss the questions that remain to be solved to validate its use as a biomarker or therapeutic target.
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Key Words
- ADAMTS, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs
- AS, aortic valve stenosis
- BMP, bone morphogenetic protein
- Biomarker
- CKD, chronic kidney disease
- CP, C-propeptide
- CUB, complement, Uegf, BMP-1
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- Collagen
- DMD, Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- Fibrillogenesis
- Fibrosis
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- HSC, hepatic stellate cell
- HTS, hypertrophic scar
- IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- MI, myocardial infarction
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- NTR, netrin
- OPMD, oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
- PABPN1, poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1
- PCP, procollagen C-proteinase
- PCPE, procollagen C-proteinase enhancer
- PNP, procollagen N-proteinase
- Proteolysis
- SPC, subtilisin proprotein convertase
- TGF-β, transforming growth-factor β
- TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases
- TSPN, thrombospondin-like N-terminal
- Therapeutic target
- eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate
- mTLD, mammalian tolloid
- mTLL, mammalian tolloid-like
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscillia Lagoutte
- University of Lyon, CNRS, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, LBTI, UMR5305, F-69367 Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Bettler
- University of Lyon, CNRS, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, LBTI, UMR5305, F-69367 Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Vadon-Le Goff
- University of Lyon, CNRS, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, LBTI, UMR5305, F-69367 Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Moali
- University of Lyon, CNRS, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, LBTI, UMR5305, F-69367 Lyon, France
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16
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Armbrust F, Bickenbach K, Koudelka T, Tholey A, Pietrzik C, Becker-Pauly C. Phosphorylation of meprin β controls its cell surface abundance and subsequently diminishes ectodomain shedding. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21677. [PMID: 34125978 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100271r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Meprin β is a zinc-dependent metalloprotease exhibiting a unique cleavage specificity with strong preference for acidic amino acids at the cleavage site. Proteomic studies revealed a diverse substrate pool of meprin β including the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) and the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Dysregulation of meprin β is often associated with pathological conditions such as chronic inflammation, fibrosis, or Alzheimer's disease (AD). The extracellular regulation of meprin β including interactors, sheddases, and activators has been intensively investigated while intracellular regulation has been barely addressed in the literature. This study aimed to analyze C-terminal phosphorylation of meprin β with regard to cell surface expression and proteolytic activity. By immunoprecipitation of endogenous meprin β from the colon cancer cell line Colo320 and subsequent LC-MS analysis, we identified several phosphorylation sites in its C-terminal region. Here, T694 in the C-terminus of meprin β was the most preferred residue after phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation. We further demonstrated the role of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms for meprin β phosphorylation and identified the involvement of PKC-α and PKC-β. As a result of phosphorylation, the meprin β activity at the cell surface is reduced and, consequently, the extent of substrate cleavage is diminished. Our data indicate that this decrease of the surface activity is caused by the internalization and degradation of meprin β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Armbrust
- Biochemical Institute, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kira Bickenbach
- Biochemical Institute, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tomas Koudelka
- Systematic Proteomics & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Systematic Proteomics & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claus Pietrzik
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker-Pauly
- Biochemical Institute, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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17
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Koçak A, Köken Avşar A, Harmancı D, Akdoğan G, Birlik AM. A preliminary study of possible fibrotic role of meprin metalloproteases in scleroderma patients. Arch Rheumatol 2021; 36:510-517. [PMID: 35382369 PMCID: PMC8957771 DOI: 10.46497/archrheumatol.2021.8581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
This study aims to investigate the possible fibrotic role of meprin metalloproteases and possible fibrotic effects of activator protein-1 (AP-1) in scleroderma patients. Patients and methods
Between April 2018 and April 2019, a total of 85 scleroderma patients (9 males, 76 females; mean age: 54.9 years; range, 22 to 80 years) who met the 2013 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria and 80 healthy control individuals (10 males, 70 females; mean age 42.9 years; range, 19 to 65 years) were included. Patients’ data and blood samples were collected. Messenger ribonucleic acid expressions of interleukin (IL)-6, AP-1 subunits, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum meprin alpha and beta protein levels were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results
Meprin alpha and meprin beta protein levels increased in scleroderma patients. The AP-1 subunits (c-Fos, c-Jun), IL-6, and TNF-α increased in scleroderma patients, compared to controls. Conclusion
Our results provide evidence showing that increased meprins levels may be related to AP-1 levels and increased meprins levels may responsible for increased inflammatory TNF-α and IL-6 levels. All these data suggest meprins as promising therapeutic targets to restore the balance between inflammation and extracellular matrix deposition in scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Koçak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aydan Köken Avşar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Duygu Harmancı
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gül Akdoğan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
| | - A. Merih Birlik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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Pompili S, Latella G, Gaudio E, Sferra R, Vetuschi A. The Charming World of the Extracellular Matrix: A Dynamic and Protective Network of the Intestinal Wall. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:610189. [PMID: 33937276 PMCID: PMC8085262 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.610189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal extracellular matrix (ECM) represents a complex network of proteins that not only forms a support structure for resident cells but also interacts closely with them by modulating their phenotypes and functions. More than 300 molecules have been identified, each of them with unique biochemical properties and exclusive biological functions. ECM components not only provide a scaffold for the tissue but also afford tensile strength and limit overstretch of the organ. The ECM holds water, ensures suitable hydration of the tissue, and participates in a selective barrier to the external environment. ECM-to-cells interaction is crucial for morphogenesis and cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. The ECM is a dynamic and multifunctional structure. The ECM is constantly renewed and remodeled by coordinated action among ECM-producing cells, degrading enzymes, and their specific inhibitors. During this process, several growth factors are released in the ECM, and they, in turn, modulate the deposition of new ECM. In this review, we describe the main components and functions of intestinal ECM and we discuss their role in maintaining the structure and function of the intestinal barrier. Achieving complete knowledge of the ECM world is an important goal to understand the mechanisms leading to the onset and the progression of several intestinal diseases related to alterations in ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pompili
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine, and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Sferra
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonella Vetuschi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Tan K, Jäger C, Körschgen H, Geissler S, Schlenzig D, Buchholz M, Stöcker W, Ramsbeck D. Heteroaromatic Inhibitors of the Astacin Proteinases Meprin α, Meprin β and Ovastacin Discovered by a Scaffold-Hopping Approach. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:976-988. [PMID: 33369214 PMCID: PMC8048867 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Astacin metalloproteinases, in particular meprins α and β, as well as ovastacin, are emerging drug targets. Drug-discovery efforts have led to the development of the first potent and selective inhibitors in the last few years. However, the most recent compounds are based on a highly flexible tertiary amine scaffold that could cause metabolic liabilities or decreased potency due to the entropic penalty upon binding to the target. Thus, the aim of this study was to discover novel conformationally constrained scaffolds as starting points for further inhibitor optimization. Shifting from flexible tertiary amines to rigid heteroaromatic cores resulted in a boost in inhibitory activity. Moreover, some compounds already exhibited higher activity against individual astacin proteinases compared to recently reported inhibitors and also a favorable off-target selectivity profile, thus qualifying them as very suitable chemical probes for target validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Tan
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation MWTFraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZIBiocenter, Weinbergweg 2206120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Christian Jäger
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation MWTFraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZIBiocenter, Weinbergweg 2206120Halle (Saale)Germany
- present address: Vivoryon Therapeutics N.V.Weinbergweg 2206120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Hagen Körschgen
- Institute of Molecular PhysiologyCell and Matrix BiologyJohannes Gutenberg-University MainzJohann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 755128MainzGermany
| | - Stefanie Geissler
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation MWTFraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZIBiocenter, Weinbergweg 2206120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Dagmar Schlenzig
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation MWTFraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZIBiocenter, Weinbergweg 2206120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Mirko Buchholz
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation MWTFraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZIBiocenter, Weinbergweg 2206120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Walter Stöcker
- Institute of Molecular PhysiologyCell and Matrix BiologyJohannes Gutenberg-University MainzJohann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 755128MainzGermany
| | - Daniel Ramsbeck
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation MWTFraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZIBiocenter, Weinbergweg 2206120Halle (Saale)Germany
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20
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Wang F, Zhao S, Deng D, Wang W, Xu X, Liu X, Zhao S, Yu M. Integrating LCM-Based Spatio-Temporal Transcriptomics Uncovers Conceptus and Endometrial Luminal Epithelium Communication that Coordinates the Conceptus Attachment in Pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031248. [PMID: 33513863 PMCID: PMC7866100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Attachment of conceptus to the endometrial luminal epithelium (LE) is a critical event for early placentation in Eutheria. Since the attachment occurs at a particular site within the uterus, a coordinated communication between three spatially distinct compartments (conceptus and endometrial LE from two anatomical regions of the uterus to which conceptus attaches and does not attach) is essential but remains to be fully characterized. Using the laser capture microdissection (LCM) technique, we firstly developed an approach that can allow us to pair the pig conceptus sample with its nearby endometrial epithelium sample without losing the native spatial information. Then, a comprehensive spatio-temporal transcriptomic profile without losing the original conceptus-endometrium coordinates was constructed. The analysis shows that an apparent difference in transcriptional responses to the conceptus exists between the endometrial LE from the two anatomically distinct regions in the uterus. In addition, we identified the communication pathways that link the conceptus and endometrial LE and found that these pathways have important roles in conceptus attachment. Furthermore, a number of genes whose expression is spatially restricted in the two different anatomical regions within the uterus were characterized for the first time and two of them (SULT2A1 and MEP1B) may cooperatively contribute to establish conceptus attachment in pigs. The results from our study have implications in understanding of conceptus/embryo attachment in pigs and other large polytocous species.
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Abstract
A crucial step for tumor cell extravasation and metastasis is the migration through the extracellular matrix, which requires proteolytic activity. Hence, proteases, particularly matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), have been discussed as therapeutic targets and their inhibition should diminish tumor growth and metastasis. The metalloproteases meprin α and meprin β are highly abundant on intestinal enterocytes and their expression was associated with different stages of colorectal cancer. Due to their ability to cleave extracellular matrix (ECM) components, they were suggested as pro-tumorigenic enzymes. Additionally, both meprins were shown to have pro-inflammatory activity by cleaving cytokines and their receptors, which correlates with chronic intestinal inflammation and associated conditions. On the other hand, meprin β was identified as an essential enzyme for the detachment and renewal of the intestinal mucus, important to prevent bacterial overgrowth and infection. Considering this, it is hard to estimate whether high activity of meprins is generally detrimental or if these enzymes have also protective functions in certain cancer types. For instance, for colorectal cancer, patients with high meprin β expression in tumor tissue exhibit a better survival prognosis, which is completely different to prostate cancer. This demonstrates that the very same enzyme may have contrary effects on tumor initiation and growth, depending on its tissue and subcellular localization. Hence, precise knowledge about proteolytic enzymes is required to design the most efficient therapeutic options for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the current findings on meprins' functions, expression, and cancer-associated variants with possible implications for tumor progression and metastasis.
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Chen Y, Xu D, Yao J, Wei Z, Li S, Gao X, Cai W, Mao N, Jin F, Li Y, Zhu Y, Li S, Liu H, Yang F, Xu H. Inhibition of miR-155-5p Exerts Anti-Fibrotic Effects in Silicotic Mice by Regulating Meprin α. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 19:350-360. [PMID: 31877411 PMCID: PMC6939030 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis is a fatal profession-related disease linked to long-term inhalation of silica. The present study aimed to determine whether meprin α, a master regulator of anti-fibrotic peptide N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP), is diminished by miR-155-5p in silicotic and control lung macrophages and fibroblasts upon activation. NR8383 macrophages, primary lung fibroblasts, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts were used to evaluate the expression and function of meprin α and miR-155-5p. In vitro meprin α manipulation was performed by recombinant mouse meprin α protein, actinonin (its inhibitor), and small interfering RNA knockdown. Macrophage and fibroblast activation was assessed by western blotting, real-time PCR, matrix deposition, and immunohistochemical staining. The roles of meprin α and miR-155-5p were also investigated in mice exposed to silica. We found that the meprin α level was stably repressed in silicotic rats. In vitro, silica decreased meprin α, and exogenous meprin α reduced activation of macrophages and fibroblasts induced by profibrotic factors. miR-155-5p negatively regulated Mep1a by binding to the 3′ untranslated region. Treatment with anti-miR-155-5p elevated meprin α, ameliorated macrophage and fibroblast activation, and attenuated lung fibrosis in mice induced by silica. The sustained repression of meprin α and beneficial effects of its rescue by inhibition of miR-155-5p during silicosis indicate that miR-155-5p/meprin α are two of the major regulators of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Dingjie Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Jingxin Yao
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Zhongqiu Wei
- Basic Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Shifeng Li
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Xuemin Gao
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Wenchen Cai
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Na Mao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Fuyu Jin
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Yaqian Li
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Shumin Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Heliang Liu
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China; School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China; School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China.
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Scharfenberg F, Armbrust F, Marengo L, Pietrzik C, Becker-Pauly C. Regulation of the alternative β-secretase meprin β by ADAM-mediated shedding. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3193-3206. [PMID: 31201463 PMCID: PMC11105663 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the sixth-leading cause of death in industrialized countries. Neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques are one of the pathological hallmarks in AD patient brains. Aβ accumulates in the brain upon sequential, proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretases. However, so far disease-modifying drugs targeting β- and γ-secretase pathways seeking a decrease in the production of toxic Aβ peptides have failed in clinics. It has been demonstrated that the metalloproteinase meprin β acts as an alternative β-secretase, capable of generating truncated Aβ2-x peptides that have been described to be increased in AD patients. This indicates an important β-site cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1)-independent contribution of the metalloprotease meprin β within the amyloidogenic pathway and may lead to novel drug targeting avenues. However, meprin β itself is embedded in a complex regulatory network. Remarkably, the anti-amyloidogenic α-secretase a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10) is a direct competitor for APP at the cell surface, but also a sheddase of inactive pro-meprin β. Overall, we highlight the current cellular, molecular and structural understanding of meprin β as alternative β-secretase within the complex protease web, regulating APP processing in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franka Scharfenberg
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Biochemical Institute, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fred Armbrust
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Biochemical Institute, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Liana Marengo
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Claus Pietrzik
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Christoph Becker-Pauly
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Biochemical Institute, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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24
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Roles of the procollagen C-propeptides in health and disease. Essays Biochem 2019; 63:313-323. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20180049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe procollagen C-propeptides of the fibrillar collagens play key roles in the intracellular assembly of procollagen molecules from their constituent polypeptides chains, and in the extracellular assembly of collagen molecules into fibrils. Here we review recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling C-propeptide trimerization which have revealed the importance of inter-chain disulphide bonding and a small number of charged amino acids in the stability and specificity of different types of chain association. We also show how the crystal structure of the complex between the C-propeptide trimer of procollagen III and the active fragment of procollagen C-proteinase enhancer-1 leads to a detailed model for accelerating release of the C-propeptides from procollagen by bone morphogenetic protein-1 and related proteinases. We then discuss the effects of disease-related missense mutations in the C-propeptides in relation to the sites of these mutations in the three-dimensional structure. While in general there is a good correlation between disease severity and structure-based predictions, there are notable exceptions, suggesting new interactions involving the C-propeptides yet to be characterized. Mutations affecting proteolytic release of the C-propeptides from procollagen are discussed in detail. Finally, the roles of recently discovered interaction partners for the C-propeptides are considered during fibril assembly and cross-linking.
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25
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Zigrino P, Sengle G. Fibrillin microfibrils and proteases, key integrators of fibrotic pathways. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:3-16. [PMID: 29709492 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular networks composed of multi-domain ECM proteins represent intricate cellular microenvironments which are required to balance tissue homeostasis and direct remodeling. Structural deficiency in ECM proteins results in imbalances in ECM-cell communication resulting often times in fibrotic reactions. To understand how individual components of the ECM integrate communication with the cell surface by presenting growth factors or providing fine-tuned biomechanical properties is mandatory for gaining a better understanding of disease mechanisms in the quest for new therapeutic approaches. Here we provide an overview about what we can learn from inherited connective tissue disorders caused primarily by mutations in fibrillin-1 and binding partners as well as by altered ECM processing leading to defined structural changes and similar functional knock-in mouse models. We will utilize this knowledge to propose new molecular hypotheses which should be tested in future studies.
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26
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Karmilin K, Schmitz C, Kuske M, Körschgen H, Olf M, Meyer K, Hildebrand A, Felten M, Fridrich S, Yiallouros I, Becker-Pauly C, Weiskirchen R, Jahnen-Dechent W, Floehr J, Stöcker W. Mammalian plasma fetuin-B is a selective inhibitor of ovastacin and meprin metalloproteinases. Sci Rep 2019; 9:546. [PMID: 30679641 PMCID: PMC6346019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate fetuins are multi-domain plasma-proteins of the cystatin-superfamily. Human fetuin-A is also known as AHSG, α2-Heremans-Schmid-glycoprotein. Gene-knockout in mice identified fetuin-A as essential for calcified-matrix-metabolism and bone-mineralization. Fetuin-B deficient mice, on the other hand, are female infertile due to zona pellucida ‘hardening’ caused by the metalloproteinase ovastacin in unfertilized oocytes. In wildtype mice fetuin-B inhibits the activity of ovastacin thus maintaining oocytes fertilizable. Here we asked, if fetuins affect further proteases as might be expected from their evolutionary relation to single-domain-cystatins, known as proteinase-inhibitors. We show that fetuin-A is not an inhibitor of any tested protease. In stark contrast, the closely related fetuin-B selectively inhibits astacin-metalloproteinases such as meprins and ovastacin, but not astacins of the tolloid-subfamily, nor any other proteinase. The analysis of fetuin-B expressed in various mammalian cell types, insect cells, and truncated fish-fetuin expressed in bacteria, showed that the cystatin-like domains alone are necessary and sufficient for inhibition. This report highlights fetuin-B as a specific antagonist of ovastacin and meprin-metalloproteinases. Control of ovastacin was shown to be indispensable for female fertility. Meprin inhibition, on the other hand, renders fetuin-B a potential key-player in proteolytic networks controlling angiogenesis, immune-defense, extracellular-matrix-assembly and general cell-signaling, with implications for inflammation, fibrosis, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Karmilin
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carlo Schmitz
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Kuske
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hagen Körschgen
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mario Olf
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Meyer
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - André Hildebrand
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Felten
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sven Fridrich
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irene Yiallouros
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry RWTH, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Willi Jahnen-Dechent
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Floehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Walter Stöcker
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany.
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27
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Herzog C, Haun RS, Kaushal GP. Role of meprin metalloproteinases in cytokine processing and inflammation. Cytokine 2018; 114:18-25. [PMID: 30580156 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Meprin metalloendopeptidases, comprising α and β isoforms, are widely expressed in mammalian cells and organs including kidney, intestines, lungs, skin, and bladder, and in a variety of immune cells and cancer cells. Meprins proteolytically process many inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, and other bioactive proteins and peptides that control the function of immune cells. The knowledge of meprin-mediated processing of inflammatory mediators and other target substrates provides a pathophysiologic link for the involvement of meprins in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory disorders. Meprins are now known to play important roles in inflammatory diseases including acute kidney injury, sepsis, urinary tract infections, bladder inflammation, and inflammatory bowel disease. The proteolysis of epithelial and endothelial barriers including cell junctional proteins by meprins promotes leukocyte influx into areas of tissue damage to result in inflammation. Meprins degrade extracellular matrix proteins; this ability of meprins is implicated in the cell migration of leukocytes and the invasion of tumor cells that express meprins. Proteolytic processing and maturation of procollagens provides evidence that meprins are involved in collagen maturation and deposition in the fibrotic processes involved in the formation of keloids and hypertrophic scars and lung fibrosis. This review highlights recent progress in understanding the role of meprins in inflammatory disorders in both human and mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Herzog
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Randy S Haun
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Gur P Kaushal
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Little Rock, AR, USA; Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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28
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Talantikite M, Lécorché P, Beau F, Damour O, Becker-Pauly C, Ho WB, Dive V, Vadon-Le Goff S, Moali C. Inhibitors of BMP-1/tolloid-like proteinases: efficacy, selectivity and cellular toxicity. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:2011-2021. [PMID: 30524951 PMCID: PMC6275283 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BMP‐1/tolloid‐like proteinases belong to the astacin family of human metalloproteinases, together with meprins and ovastacin. They represent promising targets to treat or prevent a wide range of diseases such as fibrotic disorders or cancer. However, the study of their pathophysiological roles is still impaired by the lack of well‐characterized inhibitors and the questions that remain regarding their selectivity and in vivo efficiency. As a first step towards the identification of suitable tools to be used in functional studies, we have undertaken a systematic comparison of seven molecules known to affect the proteolytic activity of human astacins including three hydroxamates (FG‐2575, UK383,367, S33A), the protein sizzled, a new phosphinic inhibitor (RXP‐1001) and broad‐spectrum protease inhibitors (GM6001, actinonin). Their efficacy in vitro, their cellular toxicity and efficacy in cell cultures were thoroughly characterized. We found that these molecules display very different potency and selectivity profiles, with hydroxamate FG‐2575 and the protein sizzled being very powerful and selective inhibitors of BMP‐1, whereas phosphinic peptide RXP‐1001 behaves as a broad‐spectrum inhibitor of astacins. Their use should therefore be carefully considered in agreement with the aim of the study to avoid result misinterpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Talantikite
- Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Unit (LBTI) UMR5305, CNRS Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon1 France
| | - Pascaline Lécorché
- CEA Saclay Institut Frédéric Joliot Direction de la recherche fondamentale SIMOPRO Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Fabrice Beau
- CEA Saclay Institut Frédéric Joliot Direction de la recherche fondamentale SIMOPRO Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Odile Damour
- Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Unit (LBTI) UMR5305, CNRS Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon1 France.,Banque de Tissus et Cellules Hospices Civils de Lyon France
| | - Christoph Becker-Pauly
- Institute of Biochemistry Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel Germany
| | | | - Vincent Dive
- CEA Saclay Institut Frédéric Joliot Direction de la recherche fondamentale SIMOPRO Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Sandrine Vadon-Le Goff
- Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Unit (LBTI) UMR5305, CNRS Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon1 France
| | - Catherine Moali
- Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Unit (LBTI) UMR5305, CNRS Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon1 France
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29
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Ricard-Blum S, Baffet G, Théret N. Molecular and tissue alterations of collagens in fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:122-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Undiagnosed Kidney Injury in Uninsured and Underinsured Diabetic African American Men and Putative Role of Meprin Metalloproteases in Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Nephrol 2018; 2018:6753489. [PMID: 29854459 PMCID: PMC5949186 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6753489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease. African Americans are disproportionately burdened by diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and end stage renal disease (ESRD). Disparities in DKD have genetic and socioeconomic components, yet its prevalence in African Americans is not adequately studied. The current study used multiple biomarkers of DKD to evaluate undiagnosed DKD in uninsured and underinsured African American men in Greensboro, North Carolina. Participants consisted of three groups: nondiabetic controls, diabetic patients without known kidney disease, and diabetic patients with diagnosed DKD. Our data reveal undiagnosed kidney injury in a significant proportion of the diabetic patients, based on levels of both plasma and urinary biomarkers of kidney injury, namely, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, kidney injury molecule-1, cystatin C, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. We also found that the urinary levels of meprin A, meprin B, and two kidney meprin targets (nidogen-1 and monocytes chemoattractant protein-1) increased with severity of kidney injury, suggesting a potential role for meprin metalloproteases in the pathophysiology of DKD in this subpopulation. The study also demonstrates a need for more aggressive tests to assess kidney injury in uninsured diabetic patients to facilitate early diagnosis and targeted interventions that could slow progression to ESRD.
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31
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Amar S, Smith L, Fields GB. Matrix metalloproteinase collagenolysis in health and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1940-1951. [PMID: 28456643 PMCID: PMC5605394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The proteolytic processing of collagen (collagenolysis) is critical in development and homeostasis, but also contributes to numerous pathologies. Mammalian interstitial collagenolytic enzymes include members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family and cathepsin K. While MMPs have long been recognized for their ability to catalyze the hydrolysis of collagen, the roles of individual MMPs in physiological and pathological collagenolysis are less defined. The use of knockout and mutant animal models, which reflect human diseases, has revealed distinct collagenolytic roles for MT1-MMP and MMP-13. A better understanding of temporal and spatial collagen processing, along with the knowledge of the specific MMP involved, will ultimately lead to more effective treatments for cancer, arthritis, cardiovascular conditions, and infectious diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Matrix Metalloproteinases edited by Rafael Fridman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Amar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
| | - Lyndsay Smith
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
| | - Gregg B Fields
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute/Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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32
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Parkin JD, San Antonio JD, Persikov AV, Dagher H, Dalgleish R, Jensen ST, Jeunemaitre X, Savige J. The collαgen III fibril has a "flexi-rod" structure of flexible sequences interspersed with rigid bioactive domains including two with hemostatic roles. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175582. [PMID: 28704418 PMCID: PMC5509119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen III is critical to the integrity of blood vessels and distensible organs, and in hemostasis. Examination of the human collagen III interactome reveals a nearly identical structural arrangement and charge distribution pattern as for collagen I, with cell interaction domains, fibrillogenesis and enzyme cleavage domains, several major ligand-binding regions, and intermolecular crosslink sites at the same sites. These similarities allow heterotypic fibril formation with, and substitution by, collagen I in embryonic development and wound healing. The collagen III fibril assumes a "flexi-rod" structure with flexible zones interspersed with rod-like domains, which is consistent with the molecule's prominence in young, pliable tissues and distensible organs. Collagen III has two major hemostasis domains, with binding motifs for von Willebrand factor, α2β1 integrin, platelet binding octapeptide and glycoprotein VI, consistent with the bleeding tendency observed with COL3A1 disease-causing sequence variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Des Parkin
- From the University of Melbourne Department of Medicine (Northern Health), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James D. San Antonio
- Operations, Stryker Global Quality and Operations, Malvern, PA, United States of America
| | - Anton V. Persikov
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Carl Icahn Lab, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
| | - Hayat Dagher
- From the University of Melbourne Department of Medicine (Northern Health), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Raymond Dalgleish
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Shane T. Jensen
- Wharton Business School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Xavier Jeunemaitre
- INSERM U970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Paris France
- University Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cite, Paris, France
| | - Judy Savige
- From the University of Melbourne Department of Medicine (Northern Health), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- * E-mail:
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33
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Meprin metalloproteases: Molecular regulation and function in inflammation and fibrosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2096-2104. [PMID: 28502593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The zinc-endopeptidases meprin α and meprin β are extracellular proteases involved in connective tissue homeostasis, intestinal barrier function and immunological processes. Meprins are unique among other extracellular proteases with regard to cleavage specificity and structure. Meprin α and meprin β have a strong preference for negatively charged amino acids around the scissile bond, reflected by cleavage sites identified in procollagen I, the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R). In this review we report on recent findings that summarize the complex molecular regulation of meprins, particular folding, activation and shedding. Dysregulation of meprin α and meprin β is often associated with pathological conditions such as neurodegeneration, inflammatory bowel disease and fibrosis. Based on mouse models and patient data we suggest meprins as possible key regulators in the onset and progression of fibrotic disorders, leading to severe diseases such as pulmonary hypertension. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteolysis as a Regulatory Event in Pathophysiology edited by Stefan Rose-John.
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34
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Schneppenheim J, Scharfenberg F, Lucius R, Becker-Pauly C, Arnold P. Meprin β and BMP-1 are differentially regulated by CaCl 2. Cell Calcium 2017; 65:8-13. [PMID: 28365001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The two metalloproteases meprin β and bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP-1) are both members of the astacin protease family. They share specificity for negatively charged residues around the scissile bond and they are expressed in overlapping compartments of the human body. One important proteolytic substrate they share is pro-collagen I. Ablation of one of the two proteases however leads to different collagen I associated phenotypes in vivo. Over the last years calcium emerged as a regulator for the proteolytic activity of both enzymes. For meprin β a reduction and for BMP-1 an increase in activity was reported under increasing calcium concentrations. Here we revisit different compartments that rely on pro-collagen I maturation and explore the crystal structure of both proteases to highlight possible calcium binding sites. With this we aim to emphasize a to date underestimated regulator that influences both proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ralph Lucius
- Anatomical Institute, Otto-Hahn-Platz 8, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Arnold
- Anatomical Institute, Otto-Hahn-Platz 8, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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35
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Biasin V, Wygrecka M, Marsh LM, Becker-Pauly C, Brcic L, Ghanim B, Klepetko W, Olschewski A, Kwapiszewska G. Meprin β contributes to collagen deposition in lung fibrosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39969. [PMID: 28059112 PMCID: PMC5216360 DOI: 10.1038/srep39969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung fibrosis is a severe disease characterized by epithelial cell injury, inflammation and collagen deposition. The metalloproteases meprinα and meprinβ have been shown to enhance collagen maturation and inflammatory cell infiltration via cleavage of cell-cell contact molecules; therefore we hypothesized that meprins could play a role in lung fibrosis. An exhaustive characterization of bleomycin-treated meprinα, meprinβ and the double meprinsαβ knock-out (KO) with respective wt-littermates was performed by using several different methods. We observed no difference in lung function parameters and no change in inflammatory cells infiltrating the lung between wt and all meprins KO mice after 14 days bleomycin. No difference in epithelial integrity as assessed by e-cadherin protein level was detected in bleomycin-treated lungs. However, morphological analysis in the bleomycin-treated mice revealed decrease collagen deposition and tissue density in meprinβ KO, but not in meprinα and meprinαβ KO mice. This finding was accompanied by localization of meprinβ to epithelial cells in regions with immature collagen in mice. Similarly, in human IPF lungs meprinβ was mostly localized in epithelium. These findings suggest that local environment triggers meprinβ expression to support collagen maturation. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the in vivo relevance of meprinβ in collagen deposition in lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Biasin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - M Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - L M Marsh
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - C Becker-Pauly
- Institute of Biochemistry, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - L Brcic
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz Austria
| | - B Ghanim
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.,Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - W Klepetko
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz Austria
| | - A Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.,Department of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - G Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.,Department of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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36
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Becker-Pauly C, Pietrzik CU. The Metalloprotease Meprin β Is an Alternative β-Secretase of APP. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 9:159. [PMID: 28105004 PMCID: PMC5215381 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane bound metalloprotease meprin β is important for collagen fibril assembly in connective tissue formation and for the detachment of the intestinal mucus layer for proper barrier function. Recent proteomic studies revealed dozens of putative new substrates of meprin β, including the amyloid precursor protein (APP). It was shown that APP is cleaved by meprin β in distinct ways, either at the β-secretase site resulting in increased levels of Aβ peptides, or at the N-terminus releasing 11 kDa, and 20 kDa peptide fragments. The latter event was discussed to be rather neuroprotective, whereas the ectodomain shedding of APP by meprin β reminiscent to BACE-1 is in line with the amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease, promoting neurodegeneration. The N-terminal 11 kDa and 20 kDa peptide fragments represent physiological cleavage products, since they are found in human brains under different diseased or non-diseased states, whereas these fragments are completely missing in brains of meprin β knock-out animals. Meprin β is not only a sheddase of adhesion molecules, such as APP, but was additionally demonstrated to cleave within the prodomain of ADAM10. Activated ADAM10, the α-secretase of APP, is then able to shed meprin β from the cell surface thereby abolishing the β-secretase activity. All together meprin β seems to be a novel player in APP processing events, even influencing other enzymes involved in APP cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Becker-Pauly
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel Kiel, Germany
| | - Claus U Pietrzik
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz, Germany
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37
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Schlenzig D, Schilling S. Heterologous Expression of the Astacin Protease Meprin β in Pichia pastoris. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1579:35-45. [PMID: 28299731 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6863-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Meprins are zinc-dependent proteases of the metzincin superfamily of metalloproteases. The enzymes are extracellular multi-domain proteins which are stabilized by disulfide bridges, dimerization, and glycosylation. Due to their complex structure, recombinant expression was first established in mammalian and insect cells. However, these methods have several disadvantages such as high costs and the low yields. For this reason, yeast is often considered a preferable expression system. Here, we describe the manipulation and secretory expression of human meprin β in the methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. We show that the position of the affinity tag strongly influences the yield of expression, favoring fusion of the affinity tag at the C-terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Schlenzig
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-IMWT), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Stephan Schilling
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-IMWT), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany.
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38
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Bylander JE, Ahmed F, Conley SM, Mwiza JM, Ongeri EM. Meprin Metalloprotease Deficiency Associated with Higher Mortality Rates and More Severe Diabetic Kidney Injury in Mice with STZ-Induced Type 1 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:9035038. [PMID: 28804725 PMCID: PMC5540529 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9035038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Meprins are membrane-bound and secreted metalloproteinases consisting of α and/or β subunits that are highly expressed in kidney epithelial cells and are differentially expressed in podocytes and leukocytes (macrophages and monocytes). Several studies have implicated meprins in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and fibrosis-associated kidney disease. However, the mechanisms by which meprins modulate DN are not understood. To delineate the role of meprins in DN, we subjected meprin αβ knockout (αβKO) mice and their wild-type (WT) counterparts to streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes. The 18-week survival rates were significantly lower for diabetic meprin αβKO mice when compared to those for their WT counterparts. There were significant decreases in mRNA and protein levels for both meprin α and β in diabetic WT kidneys. Furthermore, the blood urea nitrogen levels and urine albumin/creatinine ratios increased in diabetic meprin αβKO but not in diabetic WT mice, indicating that meprins may be protective against diabetic kidney injury. The brush border membrane levels of villin, a meprin target, significantly decreased in diabetic WT but not in diabetic meprin αβKO kidneys. In contrast, isoform-specific increases in cytosolic levels of the catalytic subunit of PKA, another meprin target, were demonstrated for both WT and meprin αβKO kidneys.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/mortality
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/mortality
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/genetics
- Diabetic Nephropathies/mortality
- Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/genetics
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/mortality
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/pathology
- Kidney Function Tests
- Male
- Metalloendopeptidases/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mortality
- Severity of Illness Index
- Streptozocin
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. Bylander
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg, Middletown, PA 17057, USA
| | - Faihaa Ahmed
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Sabena M. Conley
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Jean-Marie Mwiza
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Elimelda Moige Ongeri
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
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39
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Bedau T, Peters F, Prox J, Arnold P, Schmidt F, Finkernagel M, Köllmann S, Wichert R, Otte A, Ohler A, Stirnberg M, Lucius R, Koudelka T, Tholey A, Biasin V, Pietrzik CU, Kwapiszewska G, Becker-Pauly C. Ectodomain shedding of CD99 within highly conserved regions is mediated by the metalloprotease meprin β and promotes transendothelial cell migration. FASEB J 2016; 31:1226-1237. [PMID: 28003343 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601113r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The adhesion molecule CD99 is essential for the transendothelial migration of leukocytes. In this study, we used biochemical and cellular assays to show that CD99 undergoes ectodomain shedding by the metalloprotease meprin β and subsequent intramembrane proteolysis by γ-secretase. The cleavage site in CD99 was identified by mass spectrometry within an acidic region highly conserved through different vertebrate species. This finding fits perfectly to the unique cleavage specificity of meprin β with a strong preference for aspartate residues and suggests coevolution of protease and substrate. We hypothesized that limited CD99 cleavage by meprin β would alter cellular transendothelial migration (TEM) behavior in tissue remodeling processes, such as inflammation and cancer. Indeed, meprin β induced cell migration of Lewis lung carcinoma cells in an in vitro TEM assay. Accordingly, deficiency of meprin β in Mep1b-/- mice resulted in significantly increased CD99 protein levels in the lung. Therefore, meprin β could serve as a therapeutic target, given that in a proof-of-concept approach we showed accumulation of CD99 protein in lungs of meprin β inhibitor-treated mice.-Bedau, T., Peters, F., Prox, J., Arnold, P., Schmidt, F., Finkernagel, M., Köllmann, S., Wichert, R., Otte, A., Ohler, A., Stirnberg, M., Lucius, R., Koudelka, T., Tholey, A., Biasin, V., Pietrzik, C. U., Kwapiszewska, G., Becker-Pauly, C. Ectodomain shedding of CD99 within highly conserved regions is mediated by the metalloprotease meprin β and promotes transendothelial cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tillmann Bedau
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Peters
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannes Prox
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Frederike Schmidt
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Malin Finkernagel
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Köllmann
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rielana Wichert
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Otte
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anke Ohler
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Ralph Lucius
- Anatomical Institute, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tomas Koudelka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany; and
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany; and
| | - Valentina Biasin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute, Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Claus U Pietrzik
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Becker-Pauly
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany;
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40
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Schmidt F, Müller M, Prox J, Arnold P, Schönherr C, Tredup C, Minder P, Ebsen H, Janssen O, Annaert W, Pietrzik C, Schmidt-Arras D, Sterchi EE, Becker-Pauly C. Tetraspanin 8 is an interactor of the metalloprotease meprin β within tetraspanin-enriched microdomains. Biol Chem 2016; 397:857-69. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Meprin β is a dimeric type I transmembrane protein and acts as an ectodomain sheddase at the cell surface. It has been shown that meprin β cleaves the amyloid precursor protein (APP), thereby releasing neurotoxic amyloid β peptides and implicating a role of meprin β in Alzheimer’s disease. In order to identify non-proteolytic regulators of meprin β, we performed a split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid screen using a small intestinal cDNA library. In this screen we identified tetraspanin 8 (TSPAN8) as interaction partner for meprin β. As several members of the tetraspanin family were described to interact with metalloproteases thereby affecting their localization and/or activity, we hypothesized similar functions of TSPAN8 in the regulation of meprin β. We employed cell biological methods to confirm direct binding of TSPAN8 to meprin β. Surprisingly, we did not observe an effect of TSPAN8 on the catalytic activity of meprin β nor on the specific cleavage of its substrate APP. However, both proteins were identified as present in tetraspanin-enriched microdomains. Therefore we hypothesize that TSPAN8 might be important for the orchestration of meprin β at the cell surface with impact on certain proteolytic processes that have to be further identified.
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Madoux F, Tredup C, Spicer TP, Scampavia L, Chase PS, Hodder PS, Fields GB, Becker-Pauly C, Minond D. Development of high throughput screening assays and pilot screen for inhibitors of metalloproteases meprin α and β. Biopolymers 2016; 102:396-406. [PMID: 25048711 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Zinc metalloproteinases meprin α and meprin β are implicated in a variety of diseases, such as fibrosis, inflammation and neurodegeneration, however, there are no selective small molecule inhibitors that would allow to study their role in these processes. To address this lack of molecular tools, we have developed high throughput screening assays to enable discovery of inhibitors of both meprin α and meprin β and screened a collection of well characterized pharmaceutical agents (library of pharmaceutically active compounds, n = 1,280 compounds). Two compounds (PPNDS, NF449) confirmed their activity and selectivity for meprin β. Kinetic studies revealed competitive (PPNDS) and mixed competitive/noncompetitive (NF449) inhibition mechanisms suggesting that binding occurs in meprin β active site. Both PPNDS and NF449 exhibited low nanomolar IC50 and Ki values making them the most potent and selective inhibitors of meprin β reported to the date. These results demonstrate the ability of meprin α and β assays to identify selective compounds and discard artifacts of primary screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Madoux
- Lead Identification Division, Translational Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Fl, 34987
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OuYang HY, Xu J, Luo J, Zou RH, Chen K, Le Y, Zhang YF, Wei W, Guo RP, Shi M. MEP1A contributes to tumor progression and predicts poor clinical outcome in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2016; 63:1227-39. [PMID: 26660154 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although many staging classifications have been proposed for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), determining a patient's prognosis in clinical practice is a challenge due to the molecular diversity of HCC. We investigated the relationship between MEP1A, a candidate oncogene, and clinical outcomes of HCC patients; furthermore, we explored the role of MEP1A in HCC. In this report, it was demonstrated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction that MEP1A messenger RNA levels were significantly elevated in HCC tumor tissues compared with matched adjacent nonneoplastic tissues and nonmalignant liver disease tissues. Immunohistochemical analyses of tissue samples from two independent groups of 394 HCC patients showed that positive expression of MEP1A in tumor cells was an independent and significant risk factor affecting survival after curative resection in both cohort 1 (hazard ratio = 2.05, 95% confidence interval 1.427-2.946; P < 0.001) and cohort 2 (hazard ratio = 1.89, 95% confidence interval 1.260-2.833; P = 0.002). Analysis of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0-A subgroup further showed that patients with positive MEP1A expression in tumor cells had poorer surgical prognoses than those with negative MEP1A expression in tumor cells (cohort 1 P = 0.001, cohort 2 P < 0.001). Both in vitro and in vivo assays showed that MEP1A promoted HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Further analyses found that MEP1A played an important role in regulating cytoskeletal events and induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HCC cells. CONCLUSION MEP1A is a novel prognostic predictor in HCC and plays an important role in the development and progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yue OuYang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Proctology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Gastrointestinal and Anal Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ru-Hai Zou
- Department of Ultrasound, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Keng Chen
- Department of Hepatopathy, The Eighth People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yong Le
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Fa Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Ping Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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43
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Sato Y, Kobayashi D, Kohno T, Kidani Y, Prox J, Becker-Pauly C, Hattori M. Determination of cleavage site of Reelin between its sixth and seventh repeat and contribution of meprin metalloproteases to the cleavage. J Biochem 2015; 159:305-12. [PMID: 26491063 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvv102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Reelin is a secreted glycoprotein whose function is regulated by proteolysis. One of the specific cleavage sites of Reelin, called C-t, is located approximately between the sixth and seventh Reelin repeat but its exact site was unknown. We here show that a metalloprotease present in the culture supernatant of cerebellar granular neurons (CGN) cleaves Reelin between Ala2688 and Asp2689. A Reelin mutant in which Asp2689 is replaced by Lys (Reelin-DK) is resistant to C-t cleavage by culture supernatant of CGN. From biochemical characteristics and the cleavage site preference, meprin α and meprin β were suggested candidate proteases and both were confirmed to cleave Reelin at the C-t site. Meprin α cleaved Reelin-DK but meprin β did not. Actinonin, a meprin α and meprin β inhibitor, did not inhibit the Reelin-cleaving activity of CGN and the amount of Reelin fragments in brains of meprin β knock-out mice was not significantly different from that of the wild-type, indicating that meprin β does not play a major role in Reelin cleavage under basal conditions. We propose that meprin α and meprin β join the modulators of Reelin signalling as they cleave Reelin at a specific site and are upregulated under specific pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Sato
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan and
| | - Daichi Kobayashi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan and
| | - Takao Kohno
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan and
| | - Yujiro Kidani
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan and
| | - Johannes Prox
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan and
| | - Christoph Becker-Pauly
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Germany
| | - Mitsuharu Hattori
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan and
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Abstract
Meprins are astacin metalloproteases with a characteristic, easily recognizable structure, given that they are the only proteases with both MAM and MATH domains plus a transmembrane region. So far assumed to be vertebrate-specific, it is shown here, using a combination of evolutionary and genomic analyses, that meprins originated before the urochordates/vertebrates split. In particular, three genes encoding structurally typical meprin proteins are arranged in tandem in the genome of the urochordate Ciona intestinalis. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the protease and MATH domains present in the meprin-like proteins encoded by the Ciona genes are very similar in sequence to the domains found in vertebrate meprins, which supports them having a common origin. While many vertebrates have the two canonical meprin-encoding genes orthologous to human MEP1A and MEP1B (which respectively encode for the proteins known as meprin α and meprin β), a single gene has been found so far in the genome of the chondrichthyan fish Callorhinchus milii, and additional meprin-encoding genes are present in some species. Particularly, a group of bony fish species have genes encoding highly divergent meprins, here named meprin-F. Genes encoding meprin-F proteins, derived from MEP1B genes, are abundant in some species, as the Amazon molly, Poecilia formosa, which has 7 of them. Finally, it is confirmed that the MATH domains of meprins are very similar to the ones in TRAF ubiquitin ligases, which suggests that meprins originated when protease and TRAF E3-encoding sequences were combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Marín
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Metalloprotease meprin β is activated by transmembrane serine protease matriptase-2 at the cell surface thereby enhancing APP shedding. Biochem J 2015; 470:91-103. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20141417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Metalloprotease meprin β is a sheddase of transmembrane proteins. We identified serine protease matriptase-2 (MT2) as a specific activator of meprin β at the cell surface. This provides mechanistic insight for the regulation of meprin β activity and demonstrates clear differences in proenzyme activation.
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Schlenzig D, Wermann M, Ramsbeck D, Moenke-Wedler T, Schilling S. Expression, purification and initial characterization of human meprin β from Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 116:75-81. [PMID: 26256061 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human meprin β (h-meprin β), a single-zinc metalloendoprotease of the astacin family, is potentially involved in disorders such as fibrosis and Alzheimer's disease. Here, we describe the expression of the enzyme in the yeast Pichia pastoris. The N-terminal signal sequence was replaced by the α-leader of Saccharomyces, enabling efficient secretion of the mature enzyme, harboring either an N-terminal or C-terminal His-tag. The purification by affinity and hydrophobic interaction chromatography resulted in isolation of 58.4 mg/l of homogenous human pro-meprin β from fermentation broth. The activated enzyme isolated from yeast (yh-meprin β) displayed virtually identical enzymatic activity as h-meprin from a mammalian cell line. Furthermore, the yh-meprin β was N-glycosylated and secreted as a dimer with a molecular mass of 148 kDa. Endoglycosidase H treatment generated a protein with a molecular mass of 133 kDa, but essentially unchanged kinetic parameters. Thus, our data suggest that human meprin β expressed in P. pastoris displays virtually identical parameters as meprin from other sources. The high yield of protein expression, the ease of purification and the deglycosylation in its native state appear to favor further studies aiming at inhibitor screening and structure-based inhibitor refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Schlenzig
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-MWT), Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - M Wermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-MWT), Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - D Ramsbeck
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-MWT), Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - T Moenke-Wedler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-MWT), Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - S Schilling
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-MWT), Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
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Prox J, Arnold P, Becker-Pauly C. Meprin α and meprin β: Procollagen proteinases in health and disease. Matrix Biol 2015; 44-46:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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BMP-1/tolloid-like proteinases synchronize matrix assembly with growth factor activation to promote morphogenesis and tissue remodeling. Matrix Biol 2015; 44-46:14-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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49
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The NTR domain of procollagen C-proteinase enhancer-1 (PCPE-1) mediates PCPE-1 binding to syndecans-1, -2 and -4 as well as fibronectin. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 57:45-53. [PMID: 25286301 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Procollagen C-proteinase enhancer 1 (PCPE-1) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that can stimulate procollagen processing by procollagen C-proteinases (PCPs) such as bone morphogenetic protein-1 (BMP-1). PCPE-1 consists of two CUB domains that bind to the procollagen C-propeptide and are responsible for enhancing activity and a netrin-like (NTR) domain that binds to BMP-1 as well as heparin and heparan sulfate. The NTR domain also mediates binding of PCPE-1 to cells, an interaction inhibited by heparin, thus suggesting involvement of cell membrane heparan-sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Using pull-down experiments and an ELISA type binding assay we show here that PCPE-1 binds to three cell membrane HSPGs, syndecans-1, -2 and -4. We also demonstrate that this binding is mediated by the NTR domain and depends on the glycosaminoglycan chains of the syndecans. Using co-immunoprecipitation and an ELISA type binding assay we show that PCPE-1 can also bind fibronectin (an established binding partner of BMP-1), another interaction involving the NTR domain. Consistently, fibronectin inhibits cell attachment to PCPE-1 although it does not affect PCPE-1 enhancing activity. PCPE-1 is not an adhesive protein since cell attachment to PCPE-1 is not associated with cell spreading and/or actin filaments formation. The results suggest that PCPE-1 binding to syndecans and/or fibronectin may control collagen fibril assembly on the cell surface. Further characterization of these interactions may pave the way for future design of new means to modulate collagen deposition in pathological conditions such as fibrosis.
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50
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Microbial-induced meprin β cleavage in MUC2 mucin and a functional CFTR channel are required to release anchored small intestinal mucus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:12396-401. [PMID: 25114233 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1407597111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucus that covers and protects the epithelium of the intestine is built around its major structural component, the gel-forming MUC2 mucin. The gel-forming mucins have traditionally been assumed to be secreted as nonattached. The colon has a two-layered mucus system where the inner mucus is attached to the epithelium, whereas the small intestine normally has a nonattached mucus. However, the mucus of the small intestine of meprin β-deficient mice was now found to be attached. Meprin β is an endogenous zinc-dependent metalloprotease now shown to cleave the N-terminal region of the MUC2 mucin at two specific sites. When recombinant meprin β was added to the attached mucus of meprin β-deficient mice, the mucus was detached from the epithelium. Similar to meprin β-deficient mice, germ-free mice have attached mucus as they did not shed the membrane-anchored meprin β into the luminal mucus. The ileal mucus of cystic fibrosis (CF) mice with a nonfunctional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel was recently shown to be attached to the epithelium. Addition of recombinant meprin β to CF mucus did not release the mucus, but further addition of bicarbonate rendered the CF mucus normal, suggesting that MUC2 unfolding exposed the meprin β cleavage sites. Mucus is thus secreted attached to the goblet cells and requires an enzyme, meprin β in the small intestine, to be detached and released into the intestinal lumen. This process regulates mucus properties, can be triggered by bacterial contact, and is nonfunctional in CF due to poor mucin unfolding.
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