1
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Cho CJ, Brown JW, Mills JC. Origins of cancer: ain't it just mature cells misbehaving? EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00099-0. [PMID: 38773319 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A pervasive view is that undifferentiated stem cells are alone responsible for generating all other cells and are the origins of cancer. However, emerging evidence demonstrates fully differentiated cells are plastic, can be coaxed to proliferate, and also play essential roles in tissue maintenance, regeneration, and tumorigenesis. Here, we review the mechanisms governing how differentiated cells become cancer cells. First, we examine the unique characteristics of differentiated cell division, focusing on why differentiated cells are more susceptible than stem cells to accumulating mutations. Next, we investigate why the evolution of multicellularity in animals likely required plastic differentiated cells that maintain the capacity to return to the cell cycle and required the tumor suppressor p53. Finally, we examine an example of an evolutionarily conserved program for the plasticity of differentiated cells, paligenosis, which helps explain the origins of cancers that arise in adults. Altogether, we highlight new perspectives for understanding the development of cancer and new strategies for preventing carcinogenic cellular transformations from occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Cho
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Brown
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason C Mills
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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2
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Lecomte K, Toniolo A, Hoste E. Cell death as an architect of adult skin stem cell niches. Cell Death Differ 2024:10.1038/s41418-024-01297-3. [PMID: 38649745 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Our skin provides a physical and immunological barrier against dehydration and environmental insults ranging from microbial attacks, toxins and UV irradiation to wounding. Proper functioning of the skin barrier largely depends on the interplay between keratinocytes- the epithelial cells of the skin- and immune cells. Two spatially distinct populations of keratinocyte stem cells (SCs) maintain the epidermal barrier function and the hair follicle. These SCs are inherently long-lived, but cell death can occur within their niches and impacts their functionality. The default cell death programme in skin is apoptosis, an orderly and non-inflammatory suicide programme. However, recent findings are shedding light on the significance of various modes of regulated necrotic cell death, which are lytic and can provoke inflammation within the local skin environment. While the presence of dying cells was generally regarded as a mere consequence of inflammation, findings in various human dermatological conditions and experimental mouse models of aberrant cell death control demonstrated that cell death programmes in keratinocytes (KCs) can drive skin inflammation and even tumour initiation. When cells die, they need to be removed by phagocytosis and KCs can function as non-professional phagocytes of apoptotic cells with important implications for their SC capacities. It is becoming apparent that in conditions of heightened SC activity, distinct cell death modalities differentially impact the different skin SC populations in their local niches. Here, we describe how regulated cell death modalities functionally affect epidermal SC niches along with their relevance to injury repair, inflammatory skin disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Lecomte
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annagiada Toniolo
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Esther Hoste
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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3
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Zhao C, Duan Y, Diao X, He L, Zhang W. Effects of Dietary Selenium Yeast Supplementation in Pregnant Cashmere Goats on the Development of Offspring Hair Follicles. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:477. [PMID: 38338120 PMCID: PMC10854495 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal dietary selenium yeast (SY) supplementation during pregnancy on the hair follicle development of kids. Sixty pregnant Hanshan white cashmere goats were randomly divided into the con group (fed with a basal diet) and the SY group (fed with a basal diet with 0.4 mg/kg SY). SY was supplemented during the pregnancy until the birth of the kids. The growth performance, cashmere performance, hair follicle characteristics, and serum antioxidant capacity of the kids were periodically determined. The results showed that the birth weight of the kids in the SY group was significantly higher than that in the con group (p < 0.05), and the average weight at 15 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 5 months of age increased by 13.60%, 8.77%, 8.86%, and 3.90%, respectively (p > 0.05). The cashmere fineness at early birth was dramatically reduced with SY supplementation (p < 0.001), whereas cashmere length and production were significantly increased at 5 months of age (p < 0.05). Histology assays indicated that the primary hair follicles were fully developed at birth, and there was no significant difference in the number of primary hair follicles between the two groups (p > 0.05). The number of secondary hair follicles and the number and density of active secondary hair follicles in the SY group at 15 days were significantly higher than those in the con group (p < 0.05) and were increased by 11.18%, 6.18%, and 22.55% at 5 months of age, respectively (p > 0.05). The serum antioxidant capacity analysis revealed that the SY group had higher levels of T-AOC, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities and lower levels of MDA (p > 0.05). These results reveal that the maternal dietary supplementation of SY in gestation can promote the morphogenesis and maturation of secondary hair follicles and increase the number and density of secondary hair follicles by enhancing the body's antioxidant capacity, contributing to the improvement of cashmere quality and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yujiao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaogao Diao
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Liwen He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
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4
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Beumer J, Clevers H. Hallmarks of stemness in mammalian tissues. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:7-24. [PMID: 38181752 PMCID: PMC10769195 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
All adult tissues experience wear and tear. Most tissues can compensate for cell loss through the activity of resident stem cells. Although the cellular maintenance strategies vary greatly between different adult (read: postnatal) tissues, the function of stem cells is best defined by their capacity to replace lost tissue through division. We discuss a set of six complementary hallmarks that are key enabling features of this basic function. These include longevity and self-renewal, multipotency, transplantability, plasticity, dependence on niche signals, and maintenance of genome integrity. We discuss these hallmarks in the context of some of the best-understood adult stem cell niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joep Beumer
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Hans Clevers
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland.
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5
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Montazid S, Bandyopadhyay S, Hart DW, Gao N, Johnson B, Thrumurthy SG, Penn DJ, Wernisch B, Bansal M, Altrock PM, Rost F, Gazinska P, Ziolkowski P, Hayee B, Liu Y, Han J, Tessitore A, Koth J, Bodmer WF, East JE, Bennett NC, Tomlinson I, Irshad S. Adult stem cell activity in naked mole rats for long-term tissue maintenance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8484. [PMID: 38123565 PMCID: PMC10733326 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The naked mole rat (NMR), Heterocephalus glaber, the longest-living rodent, provides a unique opportunity to explore how evolution has shaped adult stem cell (ASC) activity and tissue function with increasing lifespan. Using cumulative BrdU labelling and a quantitative imaging approach to track intestinal ASCs (Lgr5+) in their native in vivo state, we find an expanded pool of Lgr5+ cells in NMRs, and these cells specifically at the crypt base (Lgr5+CBC) exhibit slower division rates compared to those in short-lived mice but have a similar turnover as human LGR5+CBC cells. Instead of entering quiescence (G0), NMR Lgr5+CBC cells reduce their division rates by prolonging arrest in the G1 and/or G2 phases of the cell cycle. Moreover, we also observe a higher proportion of differentiated cells in NMRs that confer enhanced protection and function to the intestinal mucosa which is able to detect any chemical imbalance in the luminal environment efficiently, triggering a robust pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative response within the stem/progenitor cell zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamir Montazid
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | | | - Daniel W Hart
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, Republic of South Africa
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, 07102, NJ, USA
| | - Brian Johnson
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Sri G Thrumurthy
- Endoscopy, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Dustin J Penn
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, 1160, Austria
| | - Bettina Wernisch
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, 1160, Austria
| | | | - Philipp M Altrock
- Department for Theoretical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Ploen, Germany
| | - Fabian Rost
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patrycja Gazinska
- Biobank Research Group, Lukasiewicz Research Network, PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Ziolkowski
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bu'Hussain Hayee
- Endoscopy, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, 07102, NJ, USA
| | - Jiangmeng Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, 07102, NJ, USA
| | | | - Jana Koth
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Walter F Bodmer
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - James E East
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Nigel C Bennett
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, Republic of South Africa
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Shazia Irshad
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
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6
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Liang A, Fang Y, Ye L, Meng J, Wang X, Chen J, Xu X. Signaling pathways in hair aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1278278. [PMID: 38033857 PMCID: PMC10687558 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1278278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle (HF) homeostasis is regulated by various signaling pathways. Disruption of such homeostasis leads to HF disorders, such as alopecia, pigment loss, and hair aging, which is causing severe health problems and aesthetic concerns. Among these disorders, hair aging is characterized by hair graying, hair loss, hair follicle miniaturization (HFM), and structural changes to the hair shaft. Hair aging occurs under physiological conditions, while premature hair aging is often associated with certain pathological conditions. Numerous investigations have been made to determine the mechanisms and explore treatments to prevent hair aging. The most well-known hypotheses about hair aging include oxidative stress, hormonal disorders, inflammation, as well as DNA damage and repair defects. Ultimately, these factors pose threats to HF cells, especially stem cells such as hair follicle stem cells, melanocyte stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells, which hamper hair regeneration and pigmentation. Here, we summarize previous studies investigating the above mechanisms and the existing therapeutic methods for hair aging. We also provide insights into hair aging research and discuss the limitations and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishi Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingshan Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lan Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianda Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xusheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinsong Chen
- Endocrinology Department, First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Xuejuan Xu
- Endocrinology Department, First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
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7
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Lin SJ, Yue Z, Paus R. Clinical Pathobiology of Radiotherapy-Induced Alopecia: A Guide toward More Effective Prevention and Hair Follicle Repair. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1646-1656. [PMID: 37294241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Because hair follicles (HFs) are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation, radiotherapy-induced alopecia (RIA) is a core adverse effect of oncological radiotherapy. Yet, effective RIA-preventive therapy is unavailable because the underlying pathobiology remains underinvestigated. Aiming to revitalize interest in pathomechanism-tailored RIA management, we describe the clinical RIA spectrum (transient, persistent, progressive alopecia) and our current understanding of RIA pathobiology as an excellent model for studying principles of human organ and stem cell repair, regeneration, and loss. We explain that HFs respond to radiotherapy through two distinct pathways (dystrophic anagen or catagen) and why this makes RIA management so challenging. We discuss the responses of different HF cell populations and extrafollicular cells to radiation, their roles in HF repair and regeneration, and how they might contribute to HF miniaturization or even loss in persistent RIA. Finally, we highlight the potential of targeting p53-, Wnt-, mTOR-, prostaglandin E2-, FGF7-, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ-, and melatonin-associated pathways in future RIA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Frontier Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhicao Yue
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China; International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany; Cutaneon, Hamburg, Germany.
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8
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Fang Y, Zhang X, Guo Y, Dong Y, Liu W, Hu X, Li X, Gao D. PKMYT1: A Potential Target for CCNE1 Amplificated Colorectal Tumors. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:569-576. [PMID: 37572218 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a malignant tumor with higher morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether inhibition of Protein Kinase, Membrane Associated Tyrosine/Threonine 1 (PKMYT1) affects tumor cell proliferation, survival and migration in colon tumors with high Cyclin E1 (CCNE1) expression. PcDNA3.1-CCNE1 vector and si-PKMYT1 were transfected in SW480 cells by Lipofectamine 2000. Q-PCR and western blot assay were processed to detect the expression. Transwell assay and Edu assay were undertaken to verify the migration and proliferation. CCNE1 promotes the proliferation and migration of SW480. Silencing of PKMYT1 inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells. Silencing the expression of PKMYT1 under the premise of overexpression of CCNE1, the level of Cyclin Dependent Kinase 1 (CDK1)-PT14 was reduced, indicating that the cell cycle was blocked. The expression of γH2AX increased significantly, indicating that the DDR pathway of tumor cells was activated and DNA damage accumulated. The results of immunofluorescence microscopy showed significantly increased expression of DNA damage-associated marker (γH2AX: H2AX Variant Histone). In CCNE1 amplificated colorectal tumor cells, knockdown of PKMYT1 reduced cells in S phase, inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis, confirming that PKMYT1 was a potential therapeutic target for colorectal tumor. This study may verify a potential therapeutic target and provide a new idea for the treatment of colorectal cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fang
- Department of General Surgery, The 305 hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100017, China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 305 hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100017, China
| | - Yuyang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The 305 hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100017, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The 305 hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100017, China
| | - Wenfei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The 305 hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100017, China
| | - Xihua Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The 305 hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100017, China
| | - Xuxin Li
- Department of General Surgery, The 305 hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100017, China
| | - Daifeng Gao
- Department of Health, Guard Bureau of the Joint Staff of the Central Military Commission, Beijing, 100013, China.
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9
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Chen JK, Wiedemann J, Nguyen L, Lin Z, Tahir M, Hui CC, Plikus MV, Andersen B. IRX5 promotes DNA damage repair and activation of hair follicle stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1227-1243. [PMID: 37084727 PMCID: PMC10202659 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms allowing hair follicles to periodically activate their stem cells (HFSCs) are incompletely characterized. Here, we identify the transcription factor IRX5 as a promoter of HFSC activation. Irx5-/- mice have delayed anagen onset, with increased DNA damage and diminished HFSC proliferation. Open chromatin regions form near cell cycle progression and DNA damage repair genes in Irx5-/- HFSCs. DNA damage repair factor BRCA1 is an IRX5 downstream target. Inhibition of FGF kinase signaling partially rescues the anagen delay in Irx5-/- mice, suggesting that the Irx5-/- HFSC quiescent phenotype is partly due to failure to suppress Fgf18 expression. Interfollicular epidermal stem cells also show decreased proliferation and increased DNA damage in Irx5-/-mice. Consistent with a role for IRX5 as a promoter of DNA damage repair, we find that IRX genes are upregulated in many cancer types and that there is a correlation between IRX5 and BRCA1 expression in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson K Chen
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Julie Wiedemann
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Mathematical, Computational and Systems Biology (MCSB) Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ly Nguyen
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zhongqi Lin
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mahum Tahir
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Chi-Chung Hui
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Bogi Andersen
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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10
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de Morree A, Rando TA. Regulation of adult stem cell quiescence and its functions in the maintenance of tissue integrity. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:334-354. [PMID: 36922629 PMCID: PMC10725182 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are important for mammalian tissues, where they act as a cell reserve that supports normal tissue turnover and can mount a regenerative response following acute injuries. Quiescent stem cells are well established in certain tissues, such as skeletal muscle, brain, and bone marrow. The quiescent state is actively controlled and is essential for long-term maintenance of stem cell pools. In this Review, we discuss the importance of maintaining a functional pool of quiescent adult stem cells, including haematopoietic stem cells, skeletal muscle stem cells, neural stem cells, hair follicle stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells such as fibro-adipogenic progenitors, to ensure tissue maintenance and repair. We discuss the molecular mechanisms that regulate the entry into, maintenance of, and exit from the quiescent state in mice. Recent studies revealed that quiescent stem cells have a discordance between RNA and protein levels, indicating the importance of post-transcriptional mechanisms, such as alternative polyadenylation, alternative splicing, and translation repression, in the control of stem cell quiescence. Understanding how these mechanisms guide stem cell function during homeostasis and regeneration has important implications for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine de Morree
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair, and Restoration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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11
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Gillespie MS, Ward CM, Davies CC. DNA Repair and Therapeutic Strategies in Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1897. [PMID: 36980782 PMCID: PMC10047301 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
First-line cancer treatments successfully eradicate the differentiated tumour mass but are comparatively ineffective against cancer stem cells (CSCs), a self-renewing subpopulation thought to be responsible for tumour initiation, metastasis, heterogeneity, and recurrence. CSCs are thus presented as the principal target for elimination during cancer treatment. However, CSCs are challenging to drug target because of numerous intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of drug resistance. One such mechanism that remains relatively understudied is the DNA damage response (DDR). CSCs are presumed to possess properties that enable enhanced DNA repair efficiency relative to their highly proliferative bulk progeny, facilitating improved repair of double-strand breaks induced by radiotherapy and most chemotherapeutics. This can occur through multiple mechanisms, including increased expression and splicing fidelity of DNA repair genes, robust activation of cell cycle checkpoints, and elevated homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair. Herein, we summarise the current knowledge concerning improved genome integrity in non-transformed stem cells and CSCs, discuss therapeutic opportunities within the DDR for re-sensitising CSCs to genotoxic stressors, and consider the challenges posed regarding unbiased identification of novel DDR-directed strategies in CSCs. A better understanding of the DDR mediating chemo/radioresistance mechanisms in CSCs could lead to novel therapeutic approaches, thereby enhancing treatment efficacy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Gillespie
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (M.S.G.)
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ciara M. Ward
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (M.S.G.)
| | - Clare C. Davies
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (M.S.G.)
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12
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Shiroor DA, Wang KT, Sanketi BD, Tapper JK, Adler CE. Inhibition of ATM kinase rescues planarian regeneration after lethal radiation. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56112. [PMID: 36943023 PMCID: PMC10157310 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
As stem cells divide, they acquire mutations that can be passed on to daughter cells. To mitigate potentially deleterious outcomes, cells activate the DNA damage response (DDR) network, which governs several cellular outcomes following DNA damage, including repairing DNA or undergoing apoptosis. At the helm of the DDR are three PI3-like kinases including Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM). We report here that knockdown of ATM in planarian flatworms enables stem cells to withstand lethal doses of radiation which would otherwise induce cell death. In this context, stem cells circumvent apoptosis, replicate their DNA, and recover function using homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair. Despite radiation exposure, atm knockdown animals survive long-term and regenerate new tissues. These effects occur independently of ATM's canonical downstream effector p53. Together, our results demonstrate that in planarians, ATM promotes radiation-induced apoptosis. This acute, ATM-dependent apoptosis is a key determinant of long-term animal survival. Our results suggest that inhibition of ATM in these organisms could, therefore, potentially favor cell survival after radiation without obvious effects on stem cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya A Shiroor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kuang-Tse Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Bhargav D Sanketi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Justin K Tapper
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Carolyn E Adler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
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13
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PGD2 displays distinct effects in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma depending on different concentrations. Cell Death Dis 2023; 9:39. [PMID: 36725845 PMCID: PMC9892043 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01311-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), an arachidonic acid metabolite, has been implicated in allergic responses, parasitic infection and tumor development. The biological functions and molecular mechanisms of PGD2 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are still undefined. In this study, we firstly found the high concentration of serum PGD2 and low expression of PGD2 receptor CRTH2 in DLBCL, which were associated with clinical features and prognosis of DLBCL patients. Interestingly, different concentration of PGD2 displayed divergent effects on DLBCL progression. Low-concentration PGD2 promoted cell growth through binding to CRTH2 while high-concentration PGD2 inhibited it via regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and invasion. Besides, high-concentration PGD2 could induce ROS-mediated DNA damage and enhance the cytotoxicity of adriamycin, bendamustine and venetoclax. Furthermore, HDAC inhibitors, vorinostat (SAHA) and panobinostat (LBH589) regulated CRTH2 expression and PGD2 production, and CRTH2 inhibitor AZD1981 and high-concentration PGD2 enhanced their anti-tumor effects in DLBCL. Altogether, our findings demonstrated PGD2 and CRTH2 as novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in DLBCL, and highlighted the potency of high-concentration PGD2 as a promising therapeutic strategy for DLBCL patients.
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14
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Guthrie OW, Spankovich C. Emerging and established therapies for chemotherapy-induced ototoxicity. J Cancer Surviv 2023; 17:17-26. [PMID: 36637631 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-022-01317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ototoxicity is considered a dose-limiting side effect of some chemotherapies. Hearing loss, in particular, can have significant implications for the quality of life for cancer survivors. Here, we review therapeutic approaches to mitigating ototoxicity related to chemotherapy. METHODS Literature review. CONCLUSIONS Numerous otoprotection strategies are undergoing active investigation. However, numerous challenges exist to confer adequate protection while retaining the anti-cancer efficacy of the chemotherapy. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Ototoxicity can have significant implications for cancer survivors, notably those receiving cisplatin. Clinical translation of multiple otoprotection approaches will aid in limiting these consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- O'neil W Guthrie
- Cell & Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Christopher Spankovich
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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15
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Li H, Kucharavy HC, Hajj C, Zhao L, Hua G, Glass R, Paty PB, Fuks Z, Kolesnick R, Hubbard K, Haimovitz-Friedman A. Radiation-induced gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome as a function of age. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:31. [PMID: 36697383 PMCID: PMC9876996 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies show increased sensitivity of older mice (28-29 months) compared with young adult mice (3 months, possessing a mature immune system) to radiation-induced GI lethality. Age-dependent lethality was associated with higher levels of apoptotic stem cells in small intestinal crypts that correlated with sphingomyelinase activity, a source of pro-apoptotic ceramide. The objective of this study is to determine whether the cycling crypt base columnar cells (CBCs) in aging animals are specifically more sensitive to radiation effects than the CBCs in young adult mice, and to identify factors that contribute to increased radiosensitivity. Mortality induced by subtotal body radiation was assessed at different doses (13 Gy, 14 Gy, and 15 Gy) in young adult mice versus older mice. Each dose was evaluated for the occurrence of lethal GI syndrome. A higher death rate due to radiation-induced GI syndrome was observed in older mice as compared with young adult mice: 30 vs. 0% at 13 Gy, 90 vs. 40% at 14 Gy, and 100 vs. 60% at 15 Gy. Radiation-induced damage to crypts was determined by measuring crypt regeneration (H&E staining, Ki67 expression), CBC biomarkers (lgr5 and ascl2), premature senescence (SA-β-gal activity), and apoptosis of CBCs. At all three doses, crypt microcolony survival assays showed that the older mice had fewer regenerating crypts at 3.5 days post-radiation treatment. Furthermore, in the older animals, baseline CBCs numbers per circumference were significantly decreased, correlating with an elevated apoptotic index. Analysis of tissue damage showed an increased number of senescent CBCs per crypt circumference in older mice relative to younger mice, where the latter was not significantly affected by radiation treatment. It is concluded that enhanced sensitivity to radiation-induced GI syndrome and higher mortality in older mice can be attributed to a decreased capacity to regenerate crypts, presumably due to increased apoptosis and senescence of CBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Herman C Kucharavy
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Carla Hajj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liyang Zhao
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guoqiang Hua
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Glass
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Phillip B Paty
- Department of Surgery Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zvi Fuks
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Kolesnick
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen Hubbard
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
- CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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16
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Schmidt A, da Silva Brito WA, Singer D, Mühl M, Berner J, Saadati F, Wolff C, Miebach L, Wende K, Bekeschus S. Short- and long-term polystyrene nano- and microplastic exposure promotes oxidative stress and divergently affects skin cell architecture and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:3. [PMID: 36647127 PMCID: PMC9844005 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00513-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano- and microplastic particles (NMP) are strong environmental contaminants affecting marine ecosystems and human health. The negligible use of biodegradable plastics and the lack of knowledge about plastic uptake, accumulation, and functional consequences led us to investigate the short- and long-term effects in freshly isolated skin cells from mice. Using fluorescent NMP of several sizes (200 nm to 6 µm), efficient cellular uptake was observed, causing, however, only minor acute toxicity as metabolic activity and apoptosis data suggested, albeit changes in intracellular reactive species and thiol levels were observed. The internalized NMP induced an altered expression of various targets of the nuclear factor-2-related transcription factor 2 pathway and were accompanied by changed antioxidant and oxidative stress signaling responses, as suggested by altered heme oxygenase 1 and glutathione peroxide 2 levels. A highly increased beta-catenin expression under acute but not chronic NMP exposure was concomitant with a strong translocation from membrane to the nucleus and subsequent transcription activation of Wnt signaling target genes after both single-dose and chronic long-term NMP exposure. Moreover, fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation accompanied by an increase of α smooth muscle actin and collagen expression was observed. Together with several NMP-induced changes in junctional and adherence protein expression, our study for the first time elucidates the acute and chronic effects of NMP of different sizes in primary skin cells' signaling and functional biology, contributing to a better understanding of nano- and microplastic to health risks in higher vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Schmidt
- grid.461720.60000 0000 9263 3446ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Walison Augusto da Silva Brito
- grid.461720.60000 0000 9263 3446ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany ,grid.411400.00000 0001 2193 3537Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Debora Singer
- grid.461720.60000 0000 9263 3446ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Melissa Mühl
- grid.461720.60000 0000 9263 3446ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Berner
- grid.461720.60000 0000 9263 3446ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany ,grid.5603.0Department Oral, Maxillofacial, and Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., Greifswald, Germany
| | - Fariba Saadati
- grid.461720.60000 0000 9263 3446ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christina Wolff
- grid.461720.60000 0000 9263 3446ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lea Miebach
- grid.461720.60000 0000 9263 3446ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany ,grid.5603.0Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristian Wende
- grid.461720.60000 0000 9263 3446ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
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17
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Svandova E, Lesot H, Sharpe P, Matalova E. Making the head: Caspases in life and death. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1075751. [PMID: 36712975 PMCID: PMC9880857 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1075751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The term apoptosis, as a way of programmed cell death, was coined a half century ago and since its discovery the process has been extensively investigated. The anatomy and physiology of the head are complex and thus apoptosis has mostly been followed in separate structures, tissues or cell types. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent knowledge concerning apoptosis-related molecules involved in the development of structures of head with a particular focus on caspases, cysteine proteases having a key position in apoptotic pathways. Since many classical apoptosis-related molecules, including caspases, are emerging in several non-apoptotic processes, these were also considered. The largest organ of the head region is the brain and its development has been extensively investigated, including the roles of apoptosis and related molecules. Neurogenesis research also includes sensory organs such as the eye and ear, efferent nervous system and associated muscles and glands. Caspases have been also associated with normal function of the skin and hair follicles. Regarding mineralised tissues within craniofacial morphogenesis, apoptosis in bones has been of interest along with palate fusion and tooth development. Finally, the role of apoptosis and caspases in angiogenesis, necessary for any tissue/organ development and maintenance/homeostasis, are discussed. Additionally, this review points to abnormalities of development resulting from improper expression/activation of apoptosis-related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Svandova
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia,*Correspondence: Eva Svandova,
| | - Herve Lesot
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia,Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral, and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Matalova
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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18
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Angileri KM, Bagia NA, Feschotte C. Transposon control as a checkpoint for tissue regeneration. Development 2022; 149:dev191957. [PMID: 36440631 PMCID: PMC10655923 DOI: 10.1242/dev.191957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration requires precise temporal control of cellular processes such as inflammatory signaling, chromatin remodeling and proliferation. The combination of these processes forms a unique microenvironment permissive to the expression, and potential mobilization of, transposable elements (TEs). Here, we develop the hypothesis that TE activation creates a barrier to tissue repair that must be overcome to achieve successful regeneration. We discuss how uncontrolled TE activity may impede tissue restoration and review mechanisms by which TE activity may be controlled during regeneration. We posit that the diversification and co-evolution of TEs and host control mechanisms may contribute to the wide variation in regenerative competency across tissues and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M. Angileri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, 526 Campus Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Nornubari A. Bagia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, 526 Campus Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Cedric Feschotte
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, 526 Campus Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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19
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Altshuler A, Wickström SA, Shalom-Feuerstein R. Spotlighting adult stem cells: advances, pitfalls, and challenges. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 33:477-494. [PMID: 36270939 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The existence of stem cells (SCs) at the tip of the cellular differentiation hierarchy has fascinated the scientific community ever since their discovery in the early 1950s to 1960s. Despite the remarkable success of the SC theory and the development of SC-based treatments, fundamental features of SCs remain enigmatic. Recent advances in single-cell lineage tracing, live imaging, and genomic technologies have allowed capture of life histories and transcriptional signatures of individual cells, leaving SCs much less space to 'hide'. Focusing on epithelial SCs and comparing them to other SCs, we discuss new paradigms of the SC niche, dynamics, and pathology, highlighting key open questions in SC biology that need to be resolved for harnessing SC potential in regenerative medicine.
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20
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Imaoka T, Nishimura M, Daino K, Hosoki A, Kudo KI, Iizuka D, Nagata K, Takabatake M, Nishimura Y, Kokubo T, Morioka T, Doi K, Shimada Y, Kakinuma S. DOSE-RATE EFFECT OF RADIATION ON RAT MAMMARY CARCINOGENESIS AND AN EMERGING ROLE FOR STEM CELL BIOLOGY. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2022; 198:1036-1046. [PMID: 36083756 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The uncertain cancer risk of protracted radiation exposure at low dose rates is an important issue in radiological protection. Tissue stem/progenitor cells are a supposed origin of cancer and may contribute to the dose-rate effect on carcinogenesis. The authors have shown that female rats subjected to continuous whole body γ irradiation as juveniles or young adults have a notably reduced incidence of mammary cancer as compared with those irradiated acutely. Experiments using the mammosphere formation assay suggested the presence of radioresistant progenitor cells. Cell sorting indicated that basal progenitor cells in rat mammary gland were more resistant than luminal progenitors to killing by acute radiation, especially at high doses. Thus, the evidence indicates a cell-type-dependent inactivation of mammary cells that manifests only at high acute doses, implying a link to the observed dose-rate effect on carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Daino
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ayaka Hosoki
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Kudo
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1247, Japan
| | - Daisuke Iizuka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kento Nagata
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masaru Takabatake
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kokubo
- Laboratory Animal and Genome Sciences Section, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Morioka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Doi
- Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Shimada
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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21
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Meador JA, Balajee AS. Analysis of ionizing radiation induced DNA damage response in human adult stem cells and differentiated neurons. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 878:503486. [PMID: 35649680 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Findings of neurodegenerative features associated with human radiosensitive syndromes such as Ataxia telangiectasia suggest that DNA repair efficiency is crucial for maintaining the functional integrity of central nervous system. To gain a better understanding of ionizing radiation (IR) induced DNA damage response in undifferentiated and differentiated neural cell types and to evaluate the role of ATM in DNA double strand break (DSB) repair, an in vitro human neural cell differentiation model system was utilized in this study. As compared to adult stem cells, differentiated neurons displayed an attenuated DSB repair response (as judged by the persistence of 53BP1 foci) after IR exposure and the attenuation was even more pronounced in stem cells and neurons after suppression of ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated) gene product suggesting the importance of ATM for an optimal DSB repair efficiency in human neural cell types. In corroboration with an attenuated DNA damage response, a sharp decline in the expression levels of several DSB repair genes was observed in neurons. Our results suggest that cellular differentiation modulates the expression of several genes thereby compromising the DSB repair fidelity in post mitotic neurons. Further studies are required to verify whether or not ATM mediated exacerbation of DNA repair deficiency in differentiated neurons leads to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adayabalam S Balajee
- Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory, Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
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22
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Lyu Y, Ge Y. Toward Elucidating Epigenetic and Metabolic Regulation of Stem Cell Lineage Plasticity in Skin Aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:903904. [PMID: 35663405 PMCID: PMC9160930 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ in human body, harboring a plethora of cell types and serving as the organismal barrier. Skin aging such as wrinkling and hair graying is graphically pronounced, and the molecular mechanisms behind these phenotypic manifestations are beginning to unfold. As in many other organs and tissues, epigenetic and metabolic deregulations have emerged as key aging drivers. Particularly in the context of the skin epithelium, the epigenome and metabolome coordinately shape lineage plasticity and orchestrate stem cell function during aging. Our review discusses recent studies that proposed molecular mechanisms that drive the degeneration of hair follicles, a major appendage of the skin. By focusing on skin while comparing it to model organisms and adult stem cells of other tissues, we summarize literature on genotoxic stress, nutritional sensing, metabolic rewiring, mitochondrial activity, and epigenetic regulations of stem cell plasticity. Finally, we speculate about the rejuvenation potential of rate-limiting upstream signals during aging and the dominant role of the tissue microenvironment in dictating aged epithelial stem cell function.
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23
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Zhao B, Li J, Zhang X, Dai Y, Yang N, Bao Z, Chen Y, Wu X. Exosomal miRNA-181a-5p from the cells of the hair follicle dermal papilla promotes the hair follicle growth and development via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:110-120. [PMID: 35248611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exosomal miRNAs are verified critical biomarkers, which participate in several biological processes. The growth and development of the hair follicle (HF) are typically controlled by the exosomal miRNAs via cell-to-cell communication. This study identified a high expression of miR-181a-5p in the low-passage DPC-Exos (exosomes derived from dermal papilla cell), revealing the transportation patterns of the DPC-Exos-derived miR-181a-5p entering the HFSC (hair follicle stem cell). The exosomal miR-181a-5p activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by targeting the Wnt inhibitor WIF1 and thereby regulates the proteins and genes related to HF growth and development. Moreover, the exosomal miR-181a-5p was found to suppress the HFSC apoptosis but promoted the HFSC proliferation. The in vitro culture of the HF organ revealed that the exosomal miR-181a-5p possesses a positive role in hair growth. Collectively, the exosomal miR-181a-5p affects the HF growth and development through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The exosomal miR-181a-5p might, therefore, act as the novel biomarker and therapeutic target for treating hair-related diseases and wool production in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohao Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiali Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Naisu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinsheng Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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24
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Rocheteau P, Warot G, Chapellier M, Zampaolo M, Chretien F, Piquemal F. Cryopreserved Stem Cells Incur Damages Due To Terrestrial Cosmic Rays Impairing Their Integrity Upon Long-Term Storage. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897211070239. [PMID: 35170351 PMCID: PMC8855380 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211070239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have the capacity to ensure the renewal of tissues and organs. They
could be used in the future for a wide range of therapeutic purposes and are
preserved at liquid nitrogen temperature to prevent any chemical or biological
activity up to several decades before their use. We show that the cryogenized
cells accumulate damages coming from natural radiations, potentially inducing
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Such DNA damage in stem cells could lead to
either mortality of the cells upon thawing or a mutation diminishing the
therapeutic potential of the treatment. Many studies show how stem cells react
to different levels of radiation; the effect of terrestrial cosmic rays being
key, it is thus also important to investigate the effect of the natural
radiation on the cryopreserved stem cell behavior over time. Our study showed
that the cryostored stem cells totally shielded from cosmic rays had less DSBs
upon long-term storage. This could have important implications on the long-term
cryostorage strategy and quality control of different cell banks.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rocheteau
- Human Histopathology and Animal Models, Department of Infection & Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - G Warot
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Corpusculaire, UMR 5821, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble Institute of Technology (Institute of Engineering University Grenoble Alpes), LPSC-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - M Chapellier
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Corpusculaire, UMR 5821, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble Institute of Technology (Institute of Engineering University Grenoble Alpes), LPSC-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - M Zampaolo
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Corpusculaire, UMR 5821, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble Institute of Technology (Institute of Engineering University Grenoble Alpes), LPSC-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - F Chretien
- Human Histopathology and Animal Models, Department of Infection & Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - F Piquemal
- Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université de Bordeaux, Gradignan, France
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25
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Zang L, Shimada Y, Miyake H, Nishimura N. Transcriptome analysis of molecular response to UVC irradiation in zebrafish embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 231:113211. [PMID: 35051758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) rays can be both harmful and beneficial to humans. This study aimed to investigate the toxicity and safety of ultraviolet C (UVC) exposure in living organisms and the corresponding biodefense molecular mechanisms. Zebrafish embryos, at an early developmental stage (5-6 h post-fertilization), were irradiated with increasing UVC dosages using high-efficiency deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (278 nm). Morphological phenotypes including survival rate, hatching rate, heart rate, and malformation rate were evaluated. Compared to un-irradiated controls, all zebrafish embryos exposed to 4.5 mJ/cm2 UVC survived and showed no significant difference in hatching and heart rate. However, 7.5 mJ/cm2 of UVC irradiation caused a significantly decreased survival rate (37.5%) and an increased malformation rate (81.8%). Therefore, 4.5 mJ/cm2 was chosen as the limit dosage that the internal biodefense system of zebrafish embryos can protect against UVC radiation. Transcriptome analysis (RNA sequencing) performed on 3 min and 3 days post-irradiation embryos (4.5 mJ/cm2) revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of zebrafish embryos to irradiation. The embryos quickly responded to UVC-induced stress by activating the p53 signaling pathway. In addition, after 3 days of recuperation, the embryos showed activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the toxicological effects and the molecular mechanism of biodefense in zebrafish embryos upon 278 nm UVC irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Zang
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hideto Miyake
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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26
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Mi L, Hu J, Li N, Gao J, Huo R, Peng X, Zhang N, Liu Y, Zhao H, Liu R, Zhang L, Xu K. The Mechanism of Stem Cell Aging. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1281-1293. [PMID: 35000109 PMCID: PMC9033730 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10317-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells have self-renewal ability and multi-directional differentiation potential. They have tissue repair capabilities and are essential for maintaining the tissue homeostasis. The depletion of stem cells is closely related to the occurrence of body aging and aging-related diseases. Therefore, revealing the molecular mechanisms of stem cell aging will set new directions for the therapeutic application of stem cells, the study of aging mechanisms, and the prevention and treatment of aging-related diseases. This review comprehensively describes the molecular mechanisms related to stem cell aging and provides the basis for further investigations aimed at developing new anti-stem cell aging strategies and promoting the clinical application of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Mi
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Junping Hu
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Department of Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Jinfang Gao
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Rongxiu Huo
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Xinyue Peng
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Hanxi Zhao
- Silc Business School, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ruiling Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Department of Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
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27
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Kato T, Liu N, Morinaga H, Asakawa K, Muraguchi T, Muroyama Y, Shimokawa M, Matsumura H, Nishimori Y, Tan LJ, Hayano M, Sinclair DA, Mohri Y, Nishimura EK. Dynamic stem cell selection safeguards the genomic integrity of the epidermis. Dev Cell 2021; 56:3309-3320.e5. [PMID: 34932948 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining genomic integrity and stability is crucial for life; yet, no tissue-driven mechanism that robustly safeguards the epithelial genome has been discovered. Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) continuously replenish the stratified layers of keratinocytes that protect organisms against various environmental stresses. To study the dynamics of DNA-damaged cells in tissues, we devised an in vivo fate tracing system for EpiSCs with DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and demonstrated that those cells exit from their niches. The clearance of EpiSCs with DSBs is caused by selective differentiation and delamination through the DNA damage response (DDR)-p53-Notch/p21 axis, with the downregulation of ITGB1. Moreover, concomitant enhancement of symmetric cell divisions of surrounding stem cells indicates that the selective elimination of cells with DSBs is coupled with the augmented clonal expansion of intact stem cells. These data collectively demonstrate that tissue autonomy through the dynamic coupling of cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms coordinately maintains the genomic quality of the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Kato
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hironobu Morinaga
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Asakawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Division of Aging and Regeneration, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Taichi Muraguchi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuko Muroyama
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mariko Shimokawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsumura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuriko Nishimori
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Li Jing Tan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Motoshi Hayano
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Laboratory for Ageing Research, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yasuaki Mohri
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Division of Aging and Regeneration, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Emi K Nishimura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Division of Aging and Regeneration, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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28
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Peters F, Wickström SA. What doesn't kill you makes you differentiate. Dev Cell 2021; 56:3303-3304. [PMID: 34932945 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissues need strategies to cope with genomic insults to maintain their integrity. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Kato et al. use in vivo fate tracing to observe selective elimination of epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) harboring severe genomic lesions through their differentiation and compensatory expansion of surrounding intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Peters
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara A Wickström
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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29
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Dong C, Wang X, Sun L, Zhu L, Yang D, Gao S, Zhang W, Ling B, Liang A, Gao Z, Xu J. ATM modulates subventricular zone neural stem cell maintenance and senescence through Notch signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res 2021; 58:102618. [PMID: 34915311 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) plays an essential role in DNA damage response and the maintenance of genomic stability. However, the role of ATM in regulating the function of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) remains unclear. Here we report that ATM deficiency led to accumulated DNA damage and decreased DNA damage repair capacity in neural progenitor cells. Moreover, we observed ATM ablation lead to the short-term increase of proliferation of neural progenitor cells, resulting in the depletion of the NSC pool over time, and this loss of NSC quiescence resulted in accelerated cell senescence. We further apply RNA sequencing to unravel that ATM knockout significantly affected Notch signaling pathway, furthermore, notch activation inhibit the abnormal increased proliferation of ATM-/- NSCs. Taken together, these findings indicate that ATM can serve as a key regulator for the normal function of adult NSCs by maintaining their stemness and preventing cellular senescence primarily through Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanming Dong
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xianli Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lixin Sun
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Danjing Yang
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Shane Gao
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Bin Ling
- The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650021, China.
| | - Aibin Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China.
| | - Zhengliang Gao
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
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30
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Yue Z, Lei M, Paus R, Chuong CM. The global regulatory logic of organ regeneration: circuitry lessons from skin and its appendages. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2573-2583. [PMID: 34145718 PMCID: PMC10874616 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In organ regeneration, the regulatory logic at a systems level remains largely unclear. For example, what defines the quantitative threshold to initiate regeneration, and when does the regeneration process come to an end? What leads to the qualitatively different responses of regeneration, which restore the original structure, or to repair which only heals a wound? Here we discuss three examples in skin regeneration: epidermal recovery after radiation damage, hair follicle fate choice after chemotherapy damage, and wound-induced feather regeneration. We propose that the molecular regulatory circuitry is of paramount significance in organ regeneration. It is conceivable that defects in these controlling pathways may lead to failed regeneration and/or organ renewal, and understanding the underlying logic could help to identify novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhiCao Yue
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Carson International Cancer Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Mingxing Lei
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ralf Paus
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, U.S.A
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, U.S.A
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31
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Cinat D, Coppes RP, Barazzuol L. DNA Damage-Induced Inflammatory Microenvironment and Adult Stem Cell Response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:729136. [PMID: 34692684 PMCID: PMC8531638 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.729136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells ensure tissue homeostasis and regeneration after injury. Due to their longevity and functional requirements, throughout their life stem cells are subject to a significant amount of DNA damage. Genotoxic stress has recently been shown to trigger a cascade of cell- and non-cell autonomous inflammatory signaling pathways, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory factors and an increase in the amount of infiltrating immune cells. In this review, we discuss recent evidence of how DNA damage by affecting the microenvironment of stem cells present in adult tissues and neoplasms can affect their maintenance and long-term function. We first focus on the importance of self-DNA sensing in immunity activation, inflammation and secretion of pro-inflammatory factors mediated by activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, the ZBP1 pathogen sensor, the AIM2 and NLRP3 inflammasomes. Alongside cytosolic DNA, the emerging roles of cytosolic double-stranded RNA and mitochondrial DNA are discussed. The DNA damage response can also initiate mechanisms to limit division of damaged stem/progenitor cells by inducing a permanent state of cell cycle arrest, known as senescence. Persistent DNA damage triggers senescent cells to secrete senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, which can act as strong immune modulators. Altogether these DNA damage-mediated immunomodulatory responses have been shown to affect the homeostasis of tissue-specific stem cells leading to degenerative conditions. Conversely, the release of specific cytokines can also positively impact tissue-specific stem cell plasticity and regeneration in addition to enhancing the activity of cancer stem cells thereby driving tumor progression. Further mechanistic understanding of the DNA damage-induced immunomodulatory response on the stem cell microenvironment might shed light on age-related diseases and cancer, and potentially inform novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cinat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Robert P Coppes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lara Barazzuol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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32
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Hu XM, Li ZX, Zhang DY, Yang YC, Fu SA, Zhang ZQ, Yang RH, Xiong K. A systematic summary of survival and death signalling during the life of hair follicle stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:453. [PMID: 34380571 PMCID: PMC8359037 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are among the most widely available resources and most frequently approved model systems used for studying adult stem cells. HFSCs are particularly useful because of their self-renewal and differentiation properties. Additionally, the cyclic growth of hair follicles is driven by HFSCs. There are high expectations for the use of HFSCs as favourable systems for studying the molecular mechanisms that contribute to HFSC identification and can be applied to hair loss therapy, such as the activation or regeneration of hair follicles, and to the generation of hair using a tissue-engineering strategy. A variety of molecules are involved in the networks that critically regulate the fate of HFSCs, such as factors in hair follicle growth and development (in the Wnt pathway, Sonic hedgehog pathway, Notch pathway, and BMP pathway), and that suppress apoptotic cues (the apoptosis pathway). Here, we review the life cycle, biomarkers and functions of HFSCs, concluding with a summary of the signalling pathways involved in HFSC fate for promoting better understanding of the pathophysiological changes in the HFSC niche. Importantly, we highlight the potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic targets involved in pathways associated with the treatment of hair loss and other disorders of skin and hair, including alopecia, skin cancer, skin inflammation, and skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Min Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Dan-Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yi-Chao Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Shen-Ao Fu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zai-Qiu Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Rong-Hua Yang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, #81, Lingnan North Road, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, 410008, China.
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33
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Geueke A, Mantellato G, Kuester F, Schettina P, Nelles M, Seeger JM, Kashkar H, Niemann C. The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein regulates hair follicle stem cell function. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52301. [PMID: 34342114 PMCID: PMC8490995 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the architecture, size and composition of an intact stem cell (SC) compartment is crucial for tissue homeostasis and regeneration throughout life. In mammalian skin, elevated expression of the anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 protein has been reported in hair follicle (HF) bulge SCs (BSCs), but its impact on SC function is unknown. Here, we show that systemic exposure of mice to the Bcl‐2 antagonist ABT‐199/venetoclax leads to the selective loss of suprabasal BSCs (sbBSCs), thereby disrupting cyclic HF regeneration. RNAseq analysis shows that the pro‐apoptotic BH3‐only proteins BIM and Bmf are upregulated in sbBSCs, explaining their addiction to Bcl‐2 and the marked susceptibility to Bcl‐2 antagonism. In line with these observations, conditional knockout of Bcl‐2 in mouse epidermis elevates apoptosis in BSCs. In contrast, ectopic Bcl‐2 expression blocks apoptosis during HF regression, resulting in the accumulation of quiescent SCs and delaying HF growth in mice. Strikingly, Bcl‐2‐induced changes in size and composition of the HF bulge accelerate tumour formation. Our study identifies a niche‐instructive mechanism of Bcl‐2‐regulated apoptosis response that is required for SC homeostasis and tissue regeneration, and may suppress carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Geueke
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Centre of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Giada Mantellato
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Centre of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Kuester
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Schettina
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Melanie Nelles
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Michael Seeger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (IMMIH), CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (IMMIH), CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Catherin Niemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Centre of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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34
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Tanaka R, Tanese K, Zhu Y, Fujio Y, Konohana I, Kurihara Y. Follicular extension of atypical keratinocytes predicts the resistance of actinic keratosis to topical imiquimod treatment: A single-center retrospective analysis. J Dermatol 2021; 48:1262-1267. [PMID: 33896047 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Topical imiquimod therapy has been widely used for actinic keratosis (AK). However, some cases are refractory to treatment. Therefore, an indicator that can predict its efficacy is desired. Herein, we retrospectively analyzed 52 AK lesions treated with imiquimod to investigate the characteristics of refractory lesions. Imiquimod was applied in a cycle of three times weekly for 4 weeks, followed by a 4-week break. This treatment cycle was repeated up to three times and treatment responses were evaluated. As a result, a complete response (CR) was observed in 78.8% (41/52) of lesions. Next, treatment response of lesions was correlated with clinicopathological characteristics including clinical morphology and thickness, pathological morphology and thickness, and presence of follicular extension (FE). Of these, lesions with FE were significantly less responsive to imiquimod treatment; while 92.6% of AK lesions without FE achieved a CR, only 64.0% of AK lesions with FE achieved a CR (p = 0.029). Logistic regression analysis revealed that FE was the sole significant predictor of its efficacy (p = 0.019). These results suggest that preliminary histological evaluation of FE may be useful to predict the efficacy of imiquimod for AK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Hiratsuka City Hospital, Hiratsuka, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanese
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yingyao Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Hiratsuka City Hospital, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Yumi Fujio
- Department of Dermatology, Hiratsuka City Hospital, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Izumi Konohana
- Department of Dermatology, Hiratsuka City Hospital, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kurihara
- Department of Dermatology, Hiratsuka City Hospital, Hiratsuka, Japan
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35
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Abstract
The discovery of a stem cell population in human neoplasias has given a new impulse to the study of the origins of cancer. The tissue compartment in which transformation first occurs likely comprises stem cells, since these cells need to consolidate the short-term and long-term requisites of tissue renewal. Because of their unique role, stem cells have a combination of characteristics that makes them susceptible to genetic damage, transformation, and tumor initiation. One type of genetic damage in particular, chromosomal instability, might affect the stem cell compartment, because it induces an ongoing cycle of DNA damage and alters cellular programming. Here, we will discuss some of the recently described links between SC, chromosomal instability, and carcinogenesis, and outline some of the consequences for oncoimmunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel H M van Wely
- Department of Immunology and Oncology; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC; UAM Campus Cantoblanco; Madrid, Spain
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36
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Orvain C, Lin YL, Jean-Louis F, Hocini H, Hersant B, Bennasser Y, Ortonne N, Hotz C, Wolkenstein P, Boniotto M, Tisserand P, Lefebvre C, Lelièvre JD, Benkirane M, Pasero P, Lévy Y, Hüe S. Hair follicle stem cell replication stress drives IFI16/STING-dependent inflammation in hidradenitis suppurativa. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:3777-3790. [PMID: 32240121 DOI: 10.1172/jci131180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin disease. HS appears to be a primary abnormality in the pilosebaceous-apocrine unit. In this work, we characterized hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) isolated from HS patients and more precisely the outer root sheath cells (ORSCs). We showed that hair follicle cells from HS patients had an increased number of proliferating progenitor cells and lost quiescent stem cells. Remarkably, we also showed that the progression of replication forks was altered in ORSCs from hair follicles of HS patients, leading to activation of the ATR/CHK1 pathway. These alterations were associated with an increased number of micronuclei and with the presence of cytoplasmic ssDNA, leading to the activation of the IFI16/STING pathway and the production of type I IFNs. This mechanistic analysis of the etiology of HS in the HFSC compartment establishes a formal link between genetic predisposition and skin inflammation observed in HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Orvain
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
| | - Yea-Lih Lin
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier France
| | - Francette Jean-Louis
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
| | - Hakim Hocini
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
| | - Barbara Hersant
- Service de chirurgie plastique et reconstructive.,Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Yamina Bennasser
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier France
| | - Nicolas Ortonne
- Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France.,Service d'anatomopathologie
| | - Claire Hotz
- Service de chirurgie plastique et reconstructive.,Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France.,Service de Dermatologie
| | - Pierre Wolkenstein
- Service de chirurgie plastique et reconstructive.,Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France.,Service de Dermatologie
| | - Michele Boniotto
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Pascaline Tisserand
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
| | - Cécile Lefebvre
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Lelièvre
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France.,Service d'Immunologie Clinique, and
| | - Monsef Benkirane
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier France
| | - Philippe Pasero
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier France
| | - Yves Lévy
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France.,Service d'Immunologie Clinique, and
| | - Sophie Hüe
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France.,Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
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37
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Li Y, Rao X, Tang P, Chen S, Guo Q, Fu G, Pan M, Liang L, Yao Y, Gao X, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Xu X, Hu W, Gao J, Hua G. Bach2 Deficiency Promotes Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration by Accelerating DNA Repair in Intestinal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 16:120-133. [PMID: 33382975 PMCID: PMC7897581 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial regeneration is critical for barrier maintenance and organ function after intestinal injury, although the repair mechanisms are unclear. Here, we found that Bach2 deficiency promotes intestinal epithelial cell proliferation during homeostasis. Moreover, genetic inactivation of Bach2 in mouse intestinal epithelium facilitated crypt regeneration after irradiation, resulting in a reduction in mortality. RNA-sequencing analysis of isolated crypts revealed that Bach2 deficiency altered the expression of numerous genes, including those regulating double-strand break repair. Mechanistic characterizations indicated that Bach2 deletion facilitated DNA repair in intestinal crypt cells, as evidenced by faster resolution of γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci in Bach2−/− crypt cells, compared with Bach2+/+ control. Together, our studies highlight that Bach2 deficiency promotes intestinal regeneration by accelerating DNA repair in intestinal stem cells after radiation damage. Bach2 deficiency facilitates intestinal recovery after irradiation damage Bach2 deficiency promotes the regeneration of crypt intestinal stem cells (ISCs) Bach2 deletion accelerates DNA repair in ISCs
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchuang Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinxin Rao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peiyuan Tang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shengzhi Chen
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guoxiang Fu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mengxue Pan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liping Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ye Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoxue Gao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoya Xu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenhuo Hu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jianjun Gao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Guoqiang Hua
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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38
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Hosoki A, Ogawa M, Nishimura Y, Nishimura M, Daino K, Kakinuma S, Shimada Y, Imaoka T. The effect of radiation on the ability of rat mammary cells to form mammospheres. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:711-721. [PMID: 32996008 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00869-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As classical transplantation repopulation assays for studying the radiobiology of rat mammary stem/progenitor cells are extremely time-consuming, this study aimed to characterize the radiobiological properties of mammospheres, spherical clumps of mammary cells formed under non-adherent culture conditions, which are a simple and widely used technique for assessing progenitor cell activity. Rat mammary cells were dissociated and used in transplantation repopulation assays and for the formation of mammospheres. Immunofluorescence for cytokeratin 14 and 18 was used to identify basal and luminal mammary epithelial cells, respectively. Incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine was used to evaluate cell proliferation. The repopulating activity of the transplanted primary rat mammary cells demonstrated their radiosensitivity, reproducing previous data, with a significant reduction in repopulating activity at ≥ 2 Gy. Cells constituting rat mammospheres were positive for either cytokeratin 14 or 18, with occasional double-positive cells. Both proliferation and aggregation contributed to sphere formation. Cells obtained from the spheres showed lower repopulating activity after transplantation than primary cells. When primary cells were irradiated and then used for sphere formation, the efficiency of sphere formation was significantly decreased at 8 Gy but not at ≤ 6 Gy, indicating radioresistance of the formation process. Irradiation at 8 Gy reduced the proliferation of cells during sphere formation, whereas the cellular composition of the resulting spheres was unaffectes. Thus, mammosphere formation assays may measure a property of putative mammary progenitors that is different from what is measured in the classic transplantation repopulation assay in radiobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Hosoki
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), Chiba, Japan
- Healios KK Kobe Research Institute, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mari Ogawa
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, NIRS, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, NIRS, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Aomori, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, NIRS, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Daino
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, NIRS, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, NIRS, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Shimada
- Executive Board, QST, Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, NIRS, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
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39
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Cellular senescence contributes to radiation-induced hyposalivation by affecting the stem/progenitor cell niche. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:854. [PMID: 33056980 PMCID: PMC7566836 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy for head and neck cancer is associated with impairment of salivary gland function and consequent xerostomia, which has a devastating effect on the quality of life of the patients. The mechanism of radiation-induced salivary gland damage is not completely understood. Cellular senescence is a permanent state of cell cycle arrest accompanied by a secretory phenotype which contributes to inflammation and tissue deterioration. Genotoxic stresses, including radiation-induced DNA damage, are known to induce a senescence response. Here, we show that radiation induces cellular senescence preferentially in the salivary gland stem/progenitor cell niche of mouse models and patients. Similarly, salivary gland-derived organoids show increased expression of senescence markers and pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors after radiation exposure. Clearance of senescent cells by selective removal of p16Ink4a-positive cells by the drug ganciclovir or the senolytic drug ABT263 lead to increased stem cell self-renewal capacity as measured by organoid formation efficiency. Additionally, pharmacological treatment with ABT263 in mice irradiated to the salivary glands mitigates tissue degeneration, thus preserving salivation. Our data suggest that senescence in the salivary gland stem/progenitor cell niche contributes to radiation-induced hyposalivation. Pharmacological targeting of senescent cells may represent a therapeutic strategy to prevent radiotherapy-induced xerostomia.
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40
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Al Zouabi L, Bardin AJ. Stem Cell DNA Damage and Genome Mutation in the Context of Aging and Cancer Initiation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a036210. [PMID: 31932318 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells fuel tissue homeostasis and regeneration through their unique ability to self-renew and differentiate into specialized cells. Thus, their DNA provides instructions that impact the tissue as a whole. Since DNA is not an inert molecule, but rather dynamic, interacting with a myriad of chemical and physical factors, it encounters damage from both endogenous and exogenous sources. Damage to DNA introduces deviations from its normal intact structure and, if left unrepaired, may result in a genetic mutation. In turn, mutant genomes of stem and progenitor cells are inherited in cells of the lineage, thus eroding the genetic information that maintains homeostasis of the somatic cell population. Errors arising in stem and progenitor cells will have a substantially larger impact on the tissue in which they reside than errors occurring in postmitotic differentiated cells. Therefore, maintaining the integrity of genomic DNA within our stem cells is essential to protect the instructions necessary for rebuilding healthy tissues during homeostatic renewal. In this review, we will first discuss DNA damage arising in stem cells and cell- and tissue-intrinsic mechanisms that protect against harmful effects of this damage. Secondly, we will examine how erroneous DNA repair and persistent DNA damage in stem and progenitor cells impact stem cells and tissues in the context of cancer initiation and aging. Finally, we will discuss the use of invertebrate and vertebrate model systems to address unanswered questions on the role that DNA damage and mutation may play in aging and precancerous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Al Zouabi
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis Group, 75248 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University, Paris 6, France
| | - Allison J Bardin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis Group, 75248 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University, Paris 6, France
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41
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Valenti MT, Dalle Carbonare L, Dorelli G, Mottes M. Effects of physical exercise on the prevention of stem cells senescence. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 16:33-40. [PMID: 31832933 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining wellbeing; physical inactivity, on the contrary, is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the most important risk factors for global mortality. During physical exercise different growth factors, cytokines and hormones are released, which affect positively the functions of heart, bone, brain and skeletal muscle. It has been reported that physical activity is able to stimulate tissue remodeling. Therefore, in this scenario, it is important to deepen the topic of physical activity-induced effects on stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Valenti
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Ple Scuro 10, 37100, Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Dalle Carbonare
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Ple Scuro 10, 37100, Verona, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Dorelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Ple Scuro 10, 37100, Verona, Italy
| | - Monica Mottes
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100, Verona, Italy
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42
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Kudo KI, Takabatake M, Nagata K, Nishimura Y, Daino K, Iizuka D, Nishimura M, Suzuki K, Kakinuma S, Imaoka T. Flow Cytometry Definition of Rat Mammary Epithelial Cell Populations and Their Distinct Radiation Responses. Radiat Res 2020; 194:22-37. [PMID: 32352870 DOI: 10.1667/rr15566.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Breast tissue is very susceptible to radiation-induced carcinogenesis, and mammary stem/progenitor cells are potentially important targets of this. The mammary epithelium is maintained as two mostly independent lineages of luminal and basal cells. To elucidate their immediate radiation responses, we analyzed the mammary glands of female Sprague-Dawley rats, a radiation carcinogenesis model, using colony formation, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The results revealed that flow cytometry successfully fractionates rat mammary cells into CD49fhi CD24lo basal, CD49fmed CD24hi luminal progenitor, and CD49flo CD24hi mature luminal populations, resembling human breast, rather than mouse tissues. The colony-forming ability of the basal cells was more radiosensitive than the luminal progenitor cells. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence showed more efficient cell cycle arrest, γ-H2AX responses, and apoptosis in the irradiated luminal progenitor cells, than in the basal cells. These results provide important insights into the early phase of radiation-induced breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Kudo
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaru Takabatake
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kento Nagata
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Daino
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Iizuka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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43
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Sugaya K. Changes in characteristics of murine hair follicles and tissue stem cells by aging. Mech Dev 2020; 163:103630. [PMID: 32645346 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2020.103630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aging process is closely related to the organization of stem cells, and skin is thought to be one of the suitable models for its investigation. We have focused on the murine hair follicle to verify this idea because it shows typical aging phenotypes and is a self-renewing structure reconstituted by its own stem cells. However, how changes in the characteristics of the hair follicle and in the behavior of tissue stem cells in the natural hair cycle occur are not fully understood. We investigated the number, morphology and pigmentation of hair follicles in anagen phases during the aging process. In addition, stem cells for keratinocytes and melanocytes were examined to evaluate the correlation between changes in skin characteristics and the stem cells. The remarkable changes caused by aging appeared to be the significant increase in qualitative phenotypes such as curved hair follicles and white hair. A significant difference between the number of keratinocyte and melanocyte stem cells in the hair bulge region is likely to be involved in these changes. Our findings may be important for understanding the mechanisms of the actions of stem cells on hair regeneration and for clarifying the mechanisms of age-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiko Sugaya
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Group, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan.
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44
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Tousian H, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Looking for immortality: Review of phytotherapy for stem cell senescence. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:154-166. [PMID: 32405357 PMCID: PMC7211350 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.40223.9522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we discussed natural agents with protective effects against stem cell senescence. Different complications have been observed due to stem cell senescence and the most important of them is "Aging". Senescent cells have not normal function and their secretary inflammatory factors induce chronic inflammation in body which causes different pathologies. Stem cell senescence also has been investigated in different diseases or as drug adverse effects. We searched databases such as Embase, Pubmed and Web of Science with keywords "stem cell", "progenitor cell", "satellite", "senescence" and excluded keywords "cancer", "tumor", "malignancy" and "carcinoma" without time limitation until May 2019. Among them we chose 52 articles that have investigated protective effects of natural agents (extracts or molecules) against cellular senescence in different kind of adult stem cells. Most of these studies were in endothelial progenitor cells, hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells and few were about other kinds of stem cells. Most studied agents were resveratrol and ginseng which are also commercially available as supplement. Most protective molecular targets were telomerase and anti-oxidant enzymes to preserve genome integrity and reduce senescence-inducing signals. Due to the safe and long history of herbal usage in clinic, phytotherapy can be used for preventing stem cell senescence and their related complication. Resveratrol and ginseng can be the first choice for this aim due to their protective mechanisms in various kinds of stem cells and their long term clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hourieh Tousian
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Shin JY, Choi YH, Kim J, Park SY, Nam YJ, Lee SY, Jeon JH, Jin MH, Lee S. Polygonum multiflorum extract support hair growth by elongating anagen phase and abrogating the effect of androgen in cultured human dermal papilla cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:144. [PMID: 32398000 PMCID: PMC7218528 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) play a key role in hair growth among the various cell types in hair follicles. Especially, DPCs determine the fate of hair follicle such as anagen to telogen transition and play a pivotal role in androgenic alopecia (AGA). This study was performed to elucidate the hair growth promoting effects of Polygonum multiflorum extract (PM extract) in cultured human DPCs and its underlying mechanisms. Methods The effects of PM extract on cultured DPCs were investigated. Cell viability and mitochondrial activity were measured by CCK-8 and JC-1 analysis, respectively. Western blotting, dot blotting, ELISA analysis, immunocytochemistry and real-time PCR analysis were also performed to elucidate the changes in protein and mRNA levels induced by PM extract. 3D cultured DPC spheroids were constructed for mimicking the in vivo DPs. The hair growth stimulatory effect of PM extract was evaluated using human hair follicle organ culture model. Results PM extract increased the viability and mitochondrial activity in cultured human DPCs in a dose dependent manner. The expression of Bcl2, an anti-apoptotic protein expressed dominantly in anagen was significantly increased and that of BAD, a pro-apoptotic protein expressed in early catagen was decreased by PM extract in cultured DPCs and/or 3D DPC spheroid culture. PM extract also decreased the expression of catagen inducing protein, Dkk-1. Growth factors including IGFBP2, PDGF and VEGF were increased by PM extract, revealed by dot blot protein analysis. We also have found that PM extract could reverse the androgenic effects of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the most potent androgen. Finally, PM extract prolonged the anagen of human hair follicles by inhibiting catagen entry in human hair follicle organ culture model. Conclusion Our data strongly suggest that PM extract could promote hair growth by elongating the anagen and/or delaying the catagen induction of hair follicles through activation of DPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Shin
- Research Park, LG Household & Healthcare Ltd, 70, Magokjoongang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07795, South Korea
| | - Yun-Ho Choi
- Research Park, LG Household & Healthcare Ltd, 70, Magokjoongang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07795, South Korea
| | - Jaeyoon Kim
- Research Park, LG Household & Healthcare Ltd, 70, Magokjoongang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07795, South Korea
| | - Se Young Park
- Research Park, LG Household & Healthcare Ltd, 70, Magokjoongang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07795, South Korea
| | - You Jin Nam
- Department of biotechnology, CHA University, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, South Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Research Park, LG Household & Healthcare Ltd, 70, Magokjoongang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07795, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Jeon
- Research Park, LG Household & Healthcare Ltd, 70, Magokjoongang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07795, South Korea
| | - Mu Hyun Jin
- Research Park, LG Household & Healthcare Ltd, 70, Magokjoongang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07795, South Korea
| | - Sanghwa Lee
- Research Park, LG Household & Healthcare Ltd, 70, Magokjoongang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07795, South Korea.
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Ou HL, Kim CS, Uszkoreit S, Wickström SA, Schumacher B. Somatic Niche Cells Regulate the CEP-1/p53-Mediated DNA Damage Response in Primordial Germ Cells. Dev Cell 2020; 50:167-183.e8. [PMID: 31336098 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Genome integrity in primordial germ cells (PGCs) is a prerequisite for fertility and species maintenance. In C. elegans, PGCs require global-genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER) to remove UV-induced DNA lesions. Failure to remove the lesions leads to the activation of the C. elegans p53, CEP-1, resulting in mitotic arrest of the PGCs. We show that the eIF4E2 translation initiation factor IFE-4 in somatic gonad precursor (SGP) niche cells regulates the CEP-1/p53-mediated DNA damage response (DDR) in PGCs. We determine that the IFE-4 translation target EGL-15/FGFR regulates the non-cell-autonomous DDR that is mediated via FGF-like signaling. Using hair follicle stem cells as a paradigm, we demonstrate that the eIF4E2-mediated niche cell regulation of the p53 response in stem cells is highly conserved in mammals. We thus reveal that the somatic niche regulates the CEP-1/p53-mediated DNA damage checkpoint in PGCs. Our data suggest that the somatic niche impacts the stability of heritable genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Ou
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christine S Kim
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Paul Gerson Unna Group "Skin Homeostasis and Ageing," Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Uszkoreit
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sara A Wickström
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Paul Gerson Unna Group "Skin Homeostasis and Ageing," Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, D-50931 Cologne, Germany; Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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Shimada M, Tsukada K, Kagawa N, Matsumoto Y. Reprogramming and differentiation-dependent transcriptional alteration of DNA damage response and apoptosis genes in human induced pluripotent stem cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2019; 60:719-728. [PMID: 31665364 PMCID: PMC7357234 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have a dual capability to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types necessary to develop an entire organism. Differentiation is associated with dynamic epigenetic alteration and transcriptional change, while self-renewal depends on maintaining the genome DNA accurately. Genome stability of PSCs is strictly regulated to maintain pluripotency. However, the DNA damage response (DDR) mechanism in PSCs is still unclear. There is accumulating evidence that genome stability and pluripotency are regulated by a transcriptional change in undifferentiated and differentiated states. iPSCs are ideal for analyzing transcriptional regulation during reprogramming and differentiation. This study aimed to elucidate the transcriptional alteration surrounding genome stability maintenance, including DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis in fibroblasts, iPSCs and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from iPSCs as differentiated cells. After ionizing radiation exposure, foci for the DNA double-stranded break marker γ-H2AX increased, peaking at 0.5 h in all cells (>90%), decreasing after 4 h in fibroblasts (32.3%) and NPCs (22.3%), but still remaining at 52.5% (NB1RGB C2 clone) and 54.7% (201B7 cells) in iPSCs. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells were detected, indicating that iPSCs' apoptosis increases. In addition, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis showed high expression of apoptosis genes (TP53, CASP3 and BID) in iPSCs. Results suggested that increased apoptosis activity maintains accurate, undifferentiated genome DNA in the cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Shimada
- Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Oookayaka, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan
- Corresponding author: Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Oookayaka, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan. Tel: +81-3-5734-3703; Fax: +81-3-5734-3703.
| | - Kaima Tsukada
- Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Oookayaka, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomi Kagawa
- Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Oookayaka, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Matsumoto
- Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Oookayaka, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang X. Stem cells in tissues, organoids, and cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4043-4070. [PMID: 31317205 PMCID: PMC6785598 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells give rise to all cells and build the tissue structures in our body, and heterogeneity and plasticity are the hallmarks of stem cells. Epigenetic modification, which is associated with niche signals, determines stem cell differentiation and somatic cell reprogramming. Stem cells play a critical role in the development of tumors and are capable of generating 3D organoids. Understanding the properties of stem cells will improve our capacity to maintain tissue homeostasis. Dissecting epigenetic regulation could be helpful for achieving efficient cell reprograming and for developing new drugs for cancer treatment. Stem cell-derived organoids open up new avenues for modeling human diseases and for regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, in addition to the achievements in stem cell research, many challenges still need to be overcome for stem cells to have versatile application in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Ermolaeva M, Neri F, Ori A, Rudolph KL. Cellular and epigenetic drivers of stem cell ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 19:594-610. [PMID: 29858605 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adult tissue stem cells have a pivotal role in tissue maintenance and regeneration throughout the lifespan of multicellular organisms. Loss of tissue homeostasis during post-reproductive lifespan is caused, at least in part, by a decline in stem cell function and is associated with an increased incidence of diseases. Hallmarks of ageing include the accumulation of molecular damage, failure of quality control systems, metabolic changes and alterations in epigenome stability. In this Review, we discuss recent evidence in support of a novel concept whereby cell-intrinsic damage that accumulates during ageing and cell-extrinsic changes in ageing stem cell niches and the blood result in modifications of the stem cell epigenome. These cumulative epigenetic alterations in stem cells might be the cause of the deregulation of developmental pathways seen during ageing. In turn, they could confer a selective advantage to mutant and epigenetically drifted stem cells with altered self-renewal and functions, which contribute to the development of ageing-associated organ dysfunction and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ermolaeva
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany.
| | - Francesco Neri
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany.
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany.
| | - K Lenhard Rudolph
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany. .,Medical Faculty Jena, University Hospital Jena (UKJ), Jena, Germany.
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50
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Kim JY, Ohn J, Yoon JS, Kang BM, Park M, Kim S, Lee W, Hwang S, Kim JI, Kim KH, Kwon O. Priming mobilization of hair follicle stem cells triggers permanent loss of regeneration after alkylating chemotherapy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3694. [PMID: 31455775 PMCID: PMC6711970 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11665-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of genetic integrity is critical for stem cells to ensure homeostasis and regeneration. Little is known about how adult stem cells respond to irreversible DNA damage, resulting in loss of regeneration in humans. Here, we establish a permanent regeneration loss model using cycling human hair follicles treated with alkylating agents: busulfan followed by cyclophosphamide. We uncover the underlying mechanisms by which hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) lose their pool. In contrast to immediate destructive changes in rapidly proliferating hair matrix cells, quiescent HFSCs show unexpected massive proliferation after busulfan and then undergo large-scale apoptosis following cyclophosphamide. HFSC proliferation is activated through PI3K/Akt pathway, and depletion is driven by p53/p38-induced cell death. RNA-seq analysis shows that HFSCs experience mitotic catastrophe with G2/M checkpoint activation. Our findings indicate that priming mobilization causes stem cells to lose their resistance to DNA damage, resulting in permanent loss of regeneration after alkylating chemotherapy. Hair follicles (HFs) are sensitive to chemotherapy but recover from quiescent HF stem cells, although sometimes chemotherapy results in permanent loss. Here, Kim et al. establish a model of permanent chemotherapy-induced alopecia to uncover the underlying mechanisms depleting human HF stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yong Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jungyoon Ohn
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Yoon
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Bo Mi Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Minji Park
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Sookyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Woochan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | | | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Kyu Han Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Ohsang Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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