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Carter MJ, Carrol ED, Ranjit S, Mozun R, Kissoon N, Watson RS, Schlapbach LJ. Susceptibility to childhood sepsis, contemporary management, and future directions. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2024; 8:682-694. [PMID: 39142742 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(24)00141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis disproportionally affects children across all health-care settings and is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in neonatal and paediatric age groups. As shown in the first paper in this Series, the age-specific incidence of sepsis is highest during the first years of life, before approaching adult incidence rates during adolescence. In the second paper in this Series, we focus on the unique susceptibility of paediatric patients to sepsis and how the underlying dysregulated host response relates to developmental aspects of children's immune system, genetic, perinatal, and environmental factors, and comorbidities and socioeconomic determinants of health, which often differ between children and adults. State-of-the-art clinical management of paediatric sepsis is organised around three treatment pillars-diagnosis, early resuscitation, and titration of advanced care-and we examine available treatment guidelines and the limitations of their supporting evidence. Serious evidence gaps remain in key areas of paediatric sepsis care, especially surrounding recognition, common interventions, and survivor support, and to this end we offer a research roadmap for the next decade that could accelerate targeted diagnostics and personalised use of immunomodulation. However, improving outcomes for children with sepsis relies fundamentally on systematic quality improvement in both recognition and treatment, which is the theme of the third paper in this Series. Digital health, as shown in the fourth and final paper of this Series, holds promising potential in breaking down the barriers that hinder progress in paediatric sepsis care and, ultimately, global child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Carter
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Paediatric Intensive Care unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Enitan D Carrol
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Rebeca Mozun
- Department of Intensive Care and Neonatology, and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niranjan Kissoon
- Global Child Health Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, British Columbia Women and Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R Scott Watson
- Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Luregn J Schlapbach
- Department of Intensive Care and Neonatology, and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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2
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Davis EC, Monaco CL, Insel R, Järvinen KM. Gut microbiome in the first 1000 days and risk for childhood food allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024; 133:252-261. [PMID: 38494114 PMCID: PMC11344696 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize recent data on the association between gut microbiome composition and food allergy (FA) in early childhood and highlight potential host-microbiome interactions that reinforce or abrogate oral tolerance. DATA SOURCES PubMed search of English-language articles related to FA, other atopic disease, and the gut microbiome in pregnancy and early childhood. STUDY SELECTIONS Human studies published after 2015 assessing the relationship between the gut bacteriome and virome in the first 2 years of life and FA or food sensitization development in early childhood were prioritized. Additional human studies conducted on the prenatal gut microbiome or other atopic diseases and preclinical studies are also discussed. RESULTS Children who developed FA harbored lower abundances of Bifidobacterium and Clostridia species and had a less mature microbiome during infancy. The early bacterial microbiome protects against FA through production of anti-inflammatory metabolites and induction of T regulatory cells and may also affect FA risk through a role in trained immunity. Infant enteric phage communities are related to childhood asthma development, though no data are available for FA. Maternal gut microbiome during pregnancy is associated with childhood FA risk, potentially through transplacental delivery of maternal bacterial metabolites, though human studies are lacking. CONCLUSION The maternal and infant microbiomes throughout the first 1000 days of life influence FA risk through a number of proposed mechanisms. Further large, longitudinal cohort studies using taxonomic, functional, and metabolomic analysis of the bacterial and viral microbiomes are needed to provide further insight on the host-microbe interactions underlying FA pathogenesis in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Davis
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children's Hospital, Rochester, New York
| | - Cynthia L Monaco
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Richard Insel
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children's Hospital, Rochester, New York
| | - Kirsi M Järvinen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children's Hospital, Rochester, New York; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.
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3
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Ong WJ, Seng JJB, Yap B, He G, Moochhala NA, Ng CL, Ganguly R, Lee JH, Chong SL. Impact of neonatal sepsis on neurocognitive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:505. [PMID: 39112966 PMCID: PMC11304789 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04977-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis is associated with neurocognitive impairment among preterm neonates but less is known about term neonates with sepsis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide an update of neurocognitive outcomes including cognitive delay, visual impairment, auditory impairment, and cerebral palsy, among neonates with sepsis. METHODS We performed a systematic review of PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL and Web of Science for eligible studies published between January 2011 and March 2023. We included case-control, cohort studies and cross-sectional studies. Case reports and articles not in English language were excluded. Using the adjusted estimates, we performed random effects model meta-analysis to evaluate the risk of developing neurocognitive impairment among neonates with sepsis. RESULTS Of 7,909 studies, 24 studies (n = 121,645) were included. Majority of studies were conducted in the United States (n = 7, 29.2%), and all studies were performed among neonates. 17 (70.8%) studies provided follow-up till 30 months. Sepsis was associated with increased risk of cognitive delay [adjusted odds ratio, aOR 1.14 (95% CI: 1.01-1.28)], visual impairment [aOR 2.57 (95%CI: 1.14- 5.82)], hearing impairment [aOR 1.70 (95% CI: 1.02-2.81)] and cerebral palsy [aOR 2.48 (95% CI: 1.03-5.99)]. CONCLUSION Neonates surviving sepsis are at a higher risk of poorer neurodevelopment. Current evidence is limited by significant heterogeneity across studies, lack of data related to long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes and term infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jie Ong
- MOH Holdings, Singapore, 1 Maritime Square, Singapore, 099253, Singapore
| | - Jun Jie Benjamin Seng
- MOH Holdings, Singapore, 1 Maritime Square, Singapore, 099253, Singapore.
- SingHealth Regional Health System PULSES Centre, Singapore Health Services, Outram Rd, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Beijun Yap
- MOH Holdings, Singapore, 1 Maritime Square, Singapore, 099253, Singapore
| | - George He
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 10 Medical Dr, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Chen Lin Ng
- MOH Holdings, Singapore, 1 Maritime Square, Singapore, 099253, Singapore
| | - Rehena Ganguly
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan Hau Lee
- Children's Intensive Care Unit, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, SingHealth Paediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, 100 Bukit Timah Rd, Singapore, 229899, Singapore
| | - Shu-Ling Chong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, SingHealth Paediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Emergency Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, 100 Bukit Timah Rd, Singapore, 229899, Singapore
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4
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Mincham KT, Lauzon-Joset JF, Read JF, Holt PG, Stumbles PA, Strickland DH. Mapping Lung Hematopoietic Progenitors: Developmental Kinetics and Response to Influenza A Infection. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 71:219-228. [PMID: 38669465 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0395oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow is a specialized niche responsible for the maintenance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells during homeostasis and inflammation. Recent studies, however, have extended this essential role to the extramedullary and extravascular lung microenvironment. Here, we provide further evidence for a reservoir of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells within the lung from Embryonic Day 18.5 until adulthood. These lung progenitors display distinct microenvironment-specific developmental kinetics compared with their bone marrow counterparts, exemplified by a rapid shift from a common myeloid to a megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitor-dominated niche with increasing age. In adult mice, influenza A viral infection results in a transient reduction in multipotent progenitors within the lungs, with a parallel increase in downstream granulocyte-monocyte progenitors and dendritic cell populations associated with acute viral infections. Our findings suggest that lung hematopoietic progenitors play a role in reestablishing immunological homeostasis in the respiratory mucosa, which may have significant clinical implications for maintaining pulmonary health after inflammatory perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Mincham
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Francois Lauzon-Joset
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - James F Read
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Patrick G Holt
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - Philip A Stumbles
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Deborah H Strickland
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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Fujisaki K, Okazaki S, Ogawa S, Takeda M, Sugihara E, Imai K, Mizuno S, Takahashi S, Goitsuka R. B Cells of Early-life Origin Defined by RAG2-based Lymphoid Cell Tracking under Native Hematopoietic Conditions. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:296-305. [PMID: 38874543 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
During the perinatal period, the immune system sets the threshold to select either response or tolerance to environmental Ags, which leads to the potential to provide a lifetime of protection and health. B-1a B cells have been demonstrated to develop during this perinatal time window, showing a unique and restricted BCR repertoire, and these cells play a major role in natural Ab secretion and immune regulation. In the current study, we developed a highly efficient temporally controllable RAG2-based lymphoid lineage cell labeling and tracking system and applied this system to understand the biological properties and contribution of B-1a cells generated at distinct developmental periods to the adult B-1a compartments. This approach revealed that B-1a cells with a history of RAG2 expression during the embryonic and neonatal periods dominate the adult B-1a compartment, including those in the bone marrow (BM), peritoneal cavity, and spleen. Moreover, the BCR repertoire of B-1a cells with a history of RAG2 expression during the embryonic period was restricted, becoming gradually more diverse during the neonatal period, and then heterogeneous at the adult stage. Furthermore, more than half of plasmablasts/plasma cells in the adult BM had embryonic and neonatal RAG2 expression histories. Moreover, BCR analysis revealed a high relatedness between BM plasmablasts/plasma cells and B-1a cells derived from embryonic and neonatal periods, suggesting that these cell types have a common origin. Taken together, these findings define, under native hematopoietic conditions, the importance in adulthood of B-1a cells generated during the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Fujisaki
- Division of Cell Fate Regulation, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shogo Okazaki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Ogawa
- Division of Integrated Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miyama Takeda
- Division of Cell Fate Regulation, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eiji Sugihara
- Open Facility Center and Cancer Center, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenichi Imai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Transborder Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Transborder Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ryo Goitsuka
- Division of Cell Fate Regulation, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
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Yao Y, Liu X, Niu X, Li Y, Han L. Lycopene Regulates Macrophage Immune Response through the Autophagy Pathway Mediated by RIPK1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:14747-14759. [PMID: 38889306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The effects of lycopene (LP) on macrophage immune responses were evaluated in this study. Compared with the control treatment, LP treatment significantly increased cell vitality, phagocytic activity, and chemokine production in RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, compared with the control treatment, 4 μM LP treatment significantly activated autophagy, enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential, and upregulated receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), while necrostatin-1 significantly reversed these effects of LP. Furthermore, compared with that in the control group, RIPK1 was significantly upregulated in the 4 μM LP and 4 μM LP + spautin-1 groups, whereas p-mTOR levels were reduced. More importantly, compared with that in the control group, p62 was significantly downregulated, and Beclin1, LC3-II, and Atg7 were upregulated in the 4 μM LP group, while spautin-1 significantly reversed these effects of LP. These results confirm that LP activates the mTOR/Beclin1/LC3/p62 autophagy signaling pathway through RIPK1, thereby enhancing the immune response of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupei Yao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education & College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiaoran Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education & College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiaoyan Niu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education & College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education & College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Lirong Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education & College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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Fleming SA, Reyes SM, Donovan SM, Hernell O, Jiang R, Lönnerdal B, Neu J, Steinman L, Sørensen ES, West CE, Kleinman R, Wallingford JC. An expert panel on the adequacy of safety data and physiological roles of dietary bovine osteopontin in infancy. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1404303. [PMID: 38919388 PMCID: PMC11197938 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1404303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human milk, due to its unique composition, is the optimal standard for infant nutrition. Osteopontin (OPN) is abundant in human milk but not bovine milk. The addition of bovine milk osteopontin (bmOPN) to formula may replicate OPN's concentration and function in human milk. To address safety concerns, we convened an expert panel to assess the adequacy of safety data and physiological roles of dietary bmOPN in infancy. The exposure of breastfed infants to human milk OPN (hmOPN) has been well-characterized and decreases markedly over the first 6 months of lactation. Dietary bmOPN is resistant to gastric and intestinal digestion, absorbed and cleared from circulation within 8-24 h, and represents a small portion (<5%) of total plasma OPN. Label studies on hmOPN suggest that after 3 h, intact or digested OPN is absorbed into carcass (62%), small intestine (23%), stomach (5%), and small intestinal perfusate (4%), with <2% each found in the cecum, liver, brain, heart, and spleen. Although the results are heterogenous with respect to bmOPN's physiologic impact, no adverse impacts have been reported across growth, gastrointestinal, immune, or brain-related outcomes. Recombinant bovine and human forms demonstrate similar absorption in plasma as bmOPN, as well as effects on cognition and immunity. The panel recommended prioritization of trials measuring a comprehensive set of clinically relevant outcomes on immunity and cognition to confirm the safety of bmOPN over that of further research on its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. This review offers expert consensus on the adequacy of data available to assess the safety of bmOPN for use in infant formula, aiding evidence-based decisions on the formulation of infant formula.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sharon M. Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Olle Hernell
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rulan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Josef Neu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- Departments of Pediatrics and of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Interdepartmental Program in Immunology, Beckman Center for Molecular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Esben S. Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christina E. West
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ronald Kleinman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Yao M, Cao Y, He J, Dong R, Liu G, Chen Y, Wang J, Zhou J. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals heterogeneous features of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in newborns. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1367230. [PMID: 38919617 PMCID: PMC11196393 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1367230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The transitory emergence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in infants is important for the homeostasis of the immune system in early life. The composition and functional heterogeneity of MDSCs in newborns remain elusive, hampering the understanding of the importance of MDSCs in neonates. In this study, we unraveled the maturation trajectory of polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSCs from the peripheral blood of human newborns by performing single-cell RNA sequencing. Results indicated that neonatal PMN-MDSCs differentiated from self-renewal progenitors, antimicrobial PMN-MDSCs, and immunosuppressive PMN-MDSCs to late PMN-MDSCs with reduced antimicrobial capacity. We also established a simple framework to distinguish these distinct stages by CD177 and CXCR2. Importantly, preterm newborns displayed a reduced abundance of classical PMN-MDSCs but increased late PMN-MDSCs, consistent with their higher susceptibility to infections and inflammation. Furthermore, newborn PMN-MDSCs were distinct from those from cancer patients, which displayed minimum expression of genes about antimicrobial capacity. This study indicates that the heterogeneity of PMN-MDSCs is associated with the maturity of human newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yao
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjiao Cao
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan He
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structure Birth Defect Disease and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gaoyu Liu
- Pediatric Hematology Laboratory, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Yu SC, Chan TH, Jou R. Granulomatous lymphadenitis in Taiwan: Unraveling infantile peak and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin lymphadenitis. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2024:S1684-1182(24)00084-7. [PMID: 38816320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulomatous lymphadenitis, a histopathological diagnosis, often indicates infections, such as those caused by mycobacterial and fungal agents. METHODS We conducted an analysis of 1098 granulomatous lymphadenitis cases, examining age distribution, lymph node locations, and laterality. Molecular detection of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was performed on archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. RESULTS Our analysis revealed a bimodal age distribution, notably with a minor peak in infants. These infantile cases predominantly featured axillary involvement, frequently occurring on the left side. Positive rates of BCG identification decreased with age: <1 year, 71%; 1-2 year, 33%; 2-3 year, 13%; 3-4 year, 0%. Remarkably, only one of the 14 cases with molecularly confirmed BCG lymphadenitis had comments regarding BCG in the pathological report. Compared with patients born after 2016 (BCG at 5-8 months), those born before 2016 (BCG at birth) developed BCG lymphadenitis at a wider age range with right skewness (before 2016, 13 ± 11 months [range, 3-33 months] vs. after 2016, 10 ± 2 months [range, 8-13 months]). Four of the 14 BCG-positive cases had congenital heart disease. Seven patients received anti-tuberculosis drugs following surgical excision. No surgical complications were reported. CONCLUSIONS BCG lymphadenitis constitutes a distinctive minor peak within the spectrum of granulomatous lymphadenitis in Taiwan. Pathologists should consider the possibility of BCG infection, especially in cases of infantile axillary, supraclavicular, neck lymphadenopathies on the left side. Moreover, BCG administration at 5-8 months may reduce delayed-onset BCG lymphadenitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Chi Yu
- Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tai-Hua Chan
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ruwen Jou
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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10
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Govindaraj D, Jensen GB, Rahman Qazi K, Sverremark‐Ekström E, Abrahamsson T, Jenmalm MC. Effects of extremely preterm birth on cytokine and chemokine responses induced by T-cell activation during infancy. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e1510. [PMID: 38737447 PMCID: PMC11087183 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Extremely preterm (EPT; gestational week < 28 + 0, < 1000 g) neonates are vulnerable to infections and necrotising enterocolitis, important contributors to mortality and morbidity. However, knowledge regarding their immune maturation remains limited. We here investigated the longitudinal development of functional T-cell capacity in EPT infants. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated at 14th and 28th day (D) and at gestational week 36 + 0 (Gw36) from EPT infants, participated in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 probiotic supplementation. Blood collected from 25 full-term (FT) infants at D14 was used as control. The secretion of immune mediators was determined through comprehensive Luminex panels after stimulation with human T-cell activator CD3/CD28 beads. Results The levels of many mediators were low in EPT infants at D14, whereas the secretion of several chemokines was higher in EPT than in FT infants. Furthermore, Th2:Th1 cytokine ratios were higher in EPT than in FT infants. Progressively elevated secretion of, for example, IFN-γ, TNF and IL-17A in EPT infants was observed from D14 to D28 and then at Gw36. Elevated levels were observed for many proinflammatory mediators at D28. Probiotic supplementation or perinatal factors (e.g. clinical chorioamnionitis, preeclampsia and delivery mode) did not influence the cytokine and chemokine responses. Conclusions Immune mediators induced by T-cell activation in EPT infants were mainly reduced at D14 and Th2 skewed compared to those in FT infants, but mostly recovered at Gw36, indicating immune maturation. Increased proinflammatory responses at D28 may be related to the heightened risk of severe immune-associated complications seen in EPT infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanapal Govindaraj
- Division of Inflammation and Infection (II), Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV)Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Georg Bach Jensen
- Division of Inflammation and Infection (II), Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV)Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
- Crown Princess Victoria Children's HospitalLinköpingCounty of ÖstergötlandSweden
| | - Khaleda Rahman Qazi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Eva Sverremark‐Ekström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Thomas Abrahamsson
- Division of Inflammation and Infection (II), Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV)Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
- Crown Princess Victoria Children's HospitalLinköpingCounty of ÖstergötlandSweden
| | - Maria C Jenmalm
- Division of Inflammation and Infection (II), Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV)Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
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11
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Dutton A, Patel CD, Taylor SA, Garland CR, Turnbaugh EM, Alers-Velazquez R, Mehrbach J, Nautiyal KM, Leib DA. Asymptomatic neonatal herpes simplex virus infection in mice leads to long-term cognitive impairment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.22.590596. [PMID: 38712140 PMCID: PMC11071430 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.22.590596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Neonatal herpes simplex virus (nHSV) is a devastating infection impacting approximately 14,000 newborns globally each year. Infection is associated with high neurologic morbidity and mortality, making early intervention and treatment critical. Clinical outcomes of symptomatic nHSV infections are well-studied, but little is known about the frequency of, or outcomes following, sub-clinical or asymptomatic nHSV. Given the ubiquitous nature of HSV infection and frequency of asymptomatic shedding in adults, subclinical infections are underreported, yet could contribute to long-term neurological damage. To assess potential neurological morbidity associated with subclinical nHSV infection, we developed a low-dose (100 PFU) HSV infection protocol in neonatal C57BL/6 mice. At this dose, HSV DNA was detected in the brain by PCR but was not associated with acute clinical symptoms. However, months after initial inoculation with 100 PFU of HSV, we observed impaired mouse performance on a range of cognitive and memory performance tasks. Memory impairment was induced by infection with either HSV-1 or HSV-2 wild-type viruses, but not by a viral mutant lacking the autophagy-modulating Beclin-binding domain of the neurovirulence gene γ34.5. Retroviral expression of wild type γ34.5 gene led to behavioral pathology in mice, suggesting that γ34.5 expression may be sufficient to cause cognitive impairment. Maternal immunization and HSV-specific antibody treatment prevented offspring from developing neurological sequelae following nHSV-1 infection. Altogether, these results support the idea that subclinical neonatal infections may lead to cognitive decline in adulthood, with possible profound implications for research on human neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease.
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12
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Lavelle EC, McEntee CP. Vaccine adjuvants: Tailoring innate recognition to send the right message. Immunity 2024; 57:772-789. [PMID: 38599170 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Adjuvants play pivotal roles in vaccine development, enhancing immunization efficacy through prolonged retention and sustained release of antigen, lymph node targeting, and regulation of dendritic cell activation. Adjuvant-induced activation of innate immunity is achieved via diverse mechanisms: for example, adjuvants can serve as direct ligands for pathogen recognition receptors or as inducers of cell stress and death, leading to the release of immunostimulatory-damage-associated molecular patterns. Adjuvant systems increasingly stimulate multiple innate pathways to induce greater potency. Increased understanding of the principles dictating adjuvant-induced innate immunity will subsequently lead to programming specific types of adaptive immune responses. This tailored optimization is fundamental to next-generation vaccines capable of inducing robust and sustained adaptive immune memory across different cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ed C Lavelle
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Craig P McEntee
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Borghesi A. Life-threatening infections in human newborns: Reconciling age-specific vulnerability and interindividual variability. Cell Immunol 2024; 397-398:104807. [PMID: 38232634 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
In humans, the interindividual variability of clinical outcome following exposure to a microorganism is immense, ranging from silent infection to life-threatening disease. Age-specific immune responses partially account for the high incidence of infection during the first 28 days of life and the related high mortality at population level. However, the occurrence of life-threatening disease in individual newborns remains unexplained. By contrast, inborn errors of immunity and their immune phenocopies are increasingly being discovered in children and adults with life-threatening viral, bacterial, mycobacterial and fungal infections. There is a need for convergence between the fields of neonatal immunology, with its in-depth population-wide characterization of newborn-specific immune responses, and clinical immunology, with its investigations of infections in patients at the cellular and molecular levels, to facilitate identification of the mechanisms of susceptibility to infection in individual newborns and the design of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Borghesi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, San Matteo Research Hospital, Pavia, EU, Italy; School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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14
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Michalski C, Cheung C, Oh JH, Ackermann E, Popescu CR, Archambault AS, Prusinkiewicz MA, Da Silva R, Majdoubi A, Viñeta Paramo M, Xu RY, Reicherz F, Patterson AE, Golding L, Sharma AA, Lim CJ, Orban PC, Klein Geltink RI, Lavoie PM. DDIT4L regulates mitochondrial and innate immune activities in early life. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e172312. [PMID: 38319716 PMCID: PMC11143921 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptor responses are profoundly attenuated before the third trimester of gestation in the relatively low-oxygen human fetal environment. However, the mechanisms regulating these responses are uncharacterized. Herein, genome-wide transcription and functional metabolic experiments in primary neonatal monocytes linked the negative mTOR regulator DDIT4L to metabolic stress, cellular bioenergetics, and innate immune activity. Using genetically engineered monocytic U937 cells, we confirmed that DDIT4L overexpression altered mitochondrial dynamics, suppressing their activity, and blunted LPS-induced cytokine responses. We also showed that monocyte mitochondrial function is more restrictive in earlier gestation, resembling the phenotype of DDIT4L-overexpressing U937 cells. Gene expression analyses in neonatal granulocytes and lung macrophages in preterm infants confirmed upregulation of the DDIT4L gene in the early postnatal period and also suggested a potential protective role against inflammation-associated chronic neonatal lung disease. Taken together, these data show that DDIT4L regulates mitochondrial activity and provide what we believe to be the first direct evidence for its potential role supressing innate immune activity in myeloid cells during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Michalski
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Claire Cheung
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Ju Hee Oh
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Emma Ackermann
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Constantin R. Popescu
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Department of Pediatrics, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Archambault
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin A. Prusinkiewicz
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Rachel Da Silva
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Abdelilah Majdoubi
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Marina Viñeta Paramo
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Women+ and Children′s Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rui Yang Xu
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Women+ and Children′s Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Frederic Reicherz
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Annette E. Patterson
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Liam Golding
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Women+ and Children′s Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ashish A. Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chinten J. Lim
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Paul C. Orban
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ramon I. Klein Geltink
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pascal M. Lavoie
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Women+ and Children′s Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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15
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Pevzner IB, Brezgunova AA, Popkov VA, Sintsov MY, Andrianova NV, Zorova LD, Silachev DN, Burov AA, Podurovskaya YL, Zorov DB, Plotnikov EY, Sukhikh GT. The effects of antibiotic therapy on neonatal sepsis-associated acute kidney injury. Life Sci 2024; 338:122359. [PMID: 38135115 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM Neonatal sepsis remains one of the most dangerous conditions in the neonatal intensive care units. One of the organs affected by sepsis is the kidney, making acute kidney injury (AKI) a common complication of sepsis. Treatment of sepsis almost always involves antibiotic therapy, which by itself may cause some adverse effects, including nephrotoxicity. We analyzed the mutual effect of antibiotic therapy and sepsis on AKI in an experimental and clinical study in infants and neonatal rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the influence of therapy with different antibiotics on the appearance of AKI markers (blood urea nitrogen (BUN), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), clusterin, interleukin-18 (IL-18), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), calbindin, glutation-S-transferase subtype π (GST-π)) and liver injury markers in newborns with or without clinical signs of sepsis in the intensive care unit. In parallel, we analyzed the development of AKI in experimental lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation in newborn rats accompanied by antibiotic therapy. KEY FINDINGS We showed that therapy with metronidazole or ampicillin in combination with sulbactam had a beneficial effect in children with suspected sepsis, resulting in a decrease in AKI markers levels. However, treatment of newborns with netilmicin, cefepime, linezolid, or imipenem in combination with cilastatin worsened kidney function in these patients. SIGNIFICANCE This prospective study indicates which antibiotics are preferable in neonatal sepsis and which should be used with caution in view of the risk of AKI development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina B Pevzner
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Brezgunova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily A Popkov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Nadezda V Andrianova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ljubava D Zorova
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis N Silachev
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem A Burov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia L Podurovskaya
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry B Zorov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor Y Plotnikov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Gennady T Sukhikh
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Stylianou-Riga P, Boutsikou T, Kouis P, Michailidou K, Kinni P, Sokou R, Iliodromiti Z, Pitsios C, Yiallouros PK, Iacovidou N. Epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation and complications of late-onset neonatal sepsis among preterm neonates in Cyprus: a prospective case-control study. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:50. [PMID: 38229029 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-onset neonatal sepsis (LOS) is common in preterm neonates, with increasing incidence in recent years. In the present study, we examined the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and complications of LOS in Cyprus and quantified possible risk factors for the development of this condition. METHODS The study subjects were preterm neonates admitted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Archbishop Makarios III Hospital, the only neonatal tertiary centre in Cyprus. A prospective, case-control study was designed, and carried out between April 2017-October 2018. Depending on blood culture results, preterm neonates were classified as "Confirmed LOS": positive blood culture - microorganism isolated and LOS symptoms, "Unconfirmed LOS": negative blood culture and LOS symptoms, and "Controls" group: negative blood culture and absence of LOS symptoms. Comparisons between the 3 groups were performed and the associations between demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics with the likelihood of LOS were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 350 preterm neonates were included in the study and the incidence of LOS was 41.1%. 79 (22.6%) and 65 (18.6%) neonates were classified as "Confirmed LOS", and "unconfirmed LOS" cases respectively while 206 (58.9%) served as controls. The rate of confirmed LOS ranged from 12.2% in moderate to late preterm neonates to 78.6% in extremely preterm neonates. In the multivariate model, we demonstrated an independent association between LOS and duration of hospitalization (OR: 1.06, 95%CI: 1.01-1.10), duration of ventilation (OR: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.07-1.43) and necrotising enterocolitis (OR: 3.41, 95%CI: 1.13-10.25). CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights the epidemiology of LOS in preterm neonates in Cyprus and its association with the duration of ventilation and hospitalization as well as with necrotizing enterocolitis. Establishment of protocols for the prevention of nosocomial infections during hospitalization in the NICUs and mechanical ventilation of preterm neonates is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Stylianou-Riga
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Archbishop Makarios III" Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus.
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Cyprus Shakolas Educational Center of Clinical, Medicine Palaios Dromos Lefkosias Lemesou 215/6, Aglantzia, Nicosia, 2029, Cyprus.
- Neonatal Department, Medical School, Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Theodora Boutsikou
- Neonatal Department, Medical School, Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panayiotis Kouis
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Cyprus Shakolas Educational Center of Clinical, Medicine Palaios Dromos Lefkosias Lemesou 215/6, Aglantzia, Nicosia, 2029, Cyprus
| | | | - Paraskevi Kinni
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Cyprus Shakolas Educational Center of Clinical, Medicine Palaios Dromos Lefkosias Lemesou 215/6, Aglantzia, Nicosia, 2029, Cyprus
| | - Rozeta Sokou
- Neonatal Department, Medical School, Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoi Iliodromiti
- Neonatal Department, Medical School, Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Pitsios
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Cyprus Shakolas Educational Center of Clinical, Medicine Palaios Dromos Lefkosias Lemesou 215/6, Aglantzia, Nicosia, 2029, Cyprus
| | - Panayiotis K Yiallouros
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Cyprus Shakolas Educational Center of Clinical, Medicine Palaios Dromos Lefkosias Lemesou 215/6, Aglantzia, Nicosia, 2029, Cyprus
| | - Nicoletta Iacovidou
- Neonatal Department, Medical School, Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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17
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Poria R, Kala D, Nagraik R, Dhir Y, Dhir S, Singh B, Kaushik NK, Noorani MS, Kaushal A, Gupta S. Vaccine development: Current trends and technologies. Life Sci 2024; 336:122331. [PMID: 38070863 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the effectiveness of vaccination in reducing or eradicating diseases caused by pathogens, there remain certain diseases and emerging infections for which developing effective vaccines is inherently challenging. Additionally, developing vaccines for individuals with compromised immune systems or underlying medical conditions presents significant difficulties. As well as traditional vaccine different methods such as inactivated or live attenuated vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and subunit vaccines, emerging non-viral vaccine technologies, including viral-like particle and nanoparticle vaccines, DNA/RNA vaccines, and rational vaccine design, offer new strategies to address the existing challenges in vaccine development. These advancements have also greatly enhanced our understanding of vaccine immunology, which will guide future vaccine development for a broad range of diseases, including rapidly emerging infectious diseases like COVID-19 and diseases that have historically proven resistant to vaccination. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of emerging non-viral vaccine production methods and their application in addressing the fundamental and current challenges in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Poria
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala 134003, India
| | - Deepak Kala
- Centera Laboratories, Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rupak Nagraik
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Yashika Dhir
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala 134003, India
| | - Sunny Dhir
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala 134003, India
| | - Bharat Singh
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala 134003, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Kaushik
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md Salik Noorani
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ankur Kaushal
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala 134003, India.
| | - Shagun Gupta
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala 134003, India.
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18
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Shahedi F, Foma AM, Mahmoudi-Aznaveh A, Mazlomi MA, Azizi Z, Khorramizadeh MR. Differentiation of Pancreatic Beta Cells: Dual Acting of Inflammatory Factors. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:832-839. [PMID: 37150985 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230504093649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, scientists have made outstanding efforts to treat diabetes. However, diabetes treatment is still far from satisfactory due to the complex nature of the disease and the challenges encountered in resolving it. Inflammatory factors are key regulators of the immune system's response to pathological insults, organ neogenesis, rejuvenation of novel cells to replace injured cells and overwhelming disease conditions. Currently, the available treatments for type 1 diabetes include daily insulin injection, pancreatic beta cell or tissue transplantation, and gene therapy. Cell therapy, exploiting differentiation, and reprogramming various types of cells to generate pancreatic insulin-producing cells are novel approaches for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. A better understanding of the inflammatory pathways offers valuable and improved therapeutic options to provide more advanced and better treatments for diabetes. In this review, we investigated different types of inflammatory factors that participate in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, their possible dual impacts on the differentiation, reprogramming, and fusion of other stem cell lines into pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells, and the possibility of applying these factors to improve the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeze Shahedi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arron Munggela Foma
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Mahmoudi-Aznaveh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mazlomi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Azizi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khorramizadeh
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular- Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Ravi D, Ntinopoulou E, Guetta N, Weier M, Vogel V, Spellerberg B, Sendi P, Gremlich S, Roger T, Giannoni E. Dysregulated monocyte-derived macrophage response to Group B Streptococcus in newborns. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1268804. [PMID: 38035076 PMCID: PMC10682703 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1268804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a leading pathogen of neonatal sepsis. The host-pathogen interactions underlying the progression to life-threatening infection in newborns are incompletely understood. Macrophages are first line in host defenses against GBS, contributing to the initiation, amplification, and termination of immune responses. The goal of this study was to compare the response of newborn and adult monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) to GBS. Methods Monocytes from umbilical cord blood of healthy term newborns and from peripheral blood of healthy adult subjects were cultured with M-CSF to induce MDMs. M-CSF-MDMs, GM-CSF- and IFNγ-activated MDMs were exposed to GBS COH1, a reference strain for neonatal sepsis. Results GBS induced a greater release of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70 and IL-23 in newborn compared to adult MDMs, while IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, TNF, RANTES/CCL5, MCP-1/CCL2 and IL-8/CXCL8 were released at similar levels. MDM responses to GBS were strongly influenced by conditions of activation and were distinct from those to synthetic bacterial lipopeptides and lipopolysaccharides. Under similar conditions of opsonization, newborn MDMs phagocytosed and killed GBS as efficiently as adult MDMs. Discussion Altogether, the production of excessive levels of Th1- (IL-12p70), Th17-related (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines is consistent with a dysregulated response to GBS in newborns. The high responsiveness of newborn MDMs may play a role in the progression of GBS infection in newborns, possibly contributing to the development of life-threatening organ dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denho Ravi
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Mother-Woman-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Erato Ntinopoulou
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Mother-Woman-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nessim Guetta
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Mother-Woman-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Weier
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Mother-Woman-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Verena Vogel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Barbara Spellerberg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Parham Sendi
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Gremlich
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Mother-Woman-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Roger
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Giannoni
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Mother-Woman-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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20
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Parvathaneni S, Yang J, Lotspeich-Cole L, Sakai J, Lee RC, Akkoyunlu M. IL6 suppresses vaccine responses in neonates by enhancing IL2 activity on T follicular helper cells. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:173. [PMID: 37938563 PMCID: PMC10632457 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00764-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The inability of neonates to develop CD4+FoxP3-CXCR5hiPD-1hi T follicular helper (TFH) cells contributes to their weak vaccine responses. In previous studies, we measured diminished IgG responses when IL-6 was co-injected with a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in neonatal mice. This is in sharp contrast to adults, where IL-6 improves vaccine responses by downregulating the expression of IL-2Rβ on TFH cells and protecting them from the inhibitory effect of IL-2. In this study, we found that splenic IL-6 levels rapidly increased in both adult and neonatal mice following immunization, but the increase in neonatal mice was significantly more than that of adult mice. Moreover, immunized neonatal TFH cells expressed significantly more IL-2 as well as its receptors, IL-2Rα and IL-2Rβ, than the adult cells. Remarkably, IL-6 co-injection with PCV vaccine further increased the production of IL-2 and the expression of its receptors by neonatal TFH cells, whereas excess IL-6 had totally opposite effect in immunized adult mice. Underscoring the role of IL-6 in activating the IL-2 mediated suppression of vaccine responses, immunization of IL-6 knock-out neonates led to improved antibody responses accompanied by expanded TFH cells as well as lower levels of IL-2 and IL-2 receptors on TFH cells. Moreover, CpG containing PCV improved TFH response in neonates by suppressing the expression of IL-2 receptors on TFH cells and inhibiting IL-2 activity. These findings unveil age-specific differences in IL-6 mediated vaccine responses and highlight the need to consider age-related immunobiological attributes in designing vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiyeon Yang
- US FDA/CBER/OVRR/DBPAP, 10903, New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Jiro Sakai
- US FDA/CBER/OVRR/DBPAP, 10903, New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Robert C Lee
- US FDA/CBER/OVRR/DBPAP, 10903, New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Mustafa Akkoyunlu
- US FDA/CBER/OVRR/DBPAP, 10903, New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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21
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Ross SM. Microbiota and the Immune System, Part 1. Holist Nurs Pract 2023; 37:363-365. [PMID: 37851352 DOI: 10.1097/hnp.0000000000000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Maxine Ross
- College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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22
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Dinleyici EC, Frey G, Kola E, Wippermann U, Bauhofer A, Staus A, Griffiths P, Azharry M, Rohsiswatmo R. Clinical efficacy of IgM-enriched immunoglobulin as adjunctive therapy in neonatal and pediatric sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1239014. [PMID: 37635792 PMCID: PMC10451087 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1239014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity globally, with around one-quarter of all sepsis-related deaths occurring in children under the age of 5. We conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of an IgM-enriched immunoglobulin preparation in pediatrics patients and neonates with sepsis. Methods Systematic searches of PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Embase databases were performed in November 2022, with no date limitations, to identify studies in which IgM-enriched immunoglobulin was used as adjunctive therapy in neonatal and pediatric patients with sepsis. Results In total, 15 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria, 13 neonatal studies and 2 pediatric studies. Pooled estimates from all studies indicated that mortality rates were significantly lower in patients who received treatment with the IgM-enriched immunoglobulin compared with controls (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.32-0.55). Further analyses in neonatal studies, alone, showed a significant benefit with longer treatment durations (>3 days) vs. the recommended treatment duration (3 days) (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.22-0.47) vs. (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.41-0.92). Treatment with IgM-enriched immunoglobulin was associated with a lower mortality risk compared with controls in prospective studies vs. retrospective analyses (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.27-0.51) vs. (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.41-1.30). Conclusions This systematic review suggests that adjunctive treatment with IgM-enriched immunoglobulin may reduce the risk of mortality in neonatal and pediatric populations. However, large randomized controlled trials are required to further substantiate and evaluate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ener Cagri Dinleyici
- Department of Pediatrics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Türkiye
| | - Georg Frey
- Klinik für Neonatologie, Darmstädter Kinderkliniken Prinzessin Margaret, Perinatalzentrum Südhessen, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ermira Kola
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Center “Mother Teresa”, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - Artur Bauhofer
- Corporate Medical Affairs, Biotest AG, Dreieich, Germany
| | - Alexander Staus
- Corporate Clinical Research & Development, Biotest AG, Dreieich, Germany
| | - Peter Griffiths
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Biotest UK, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Muhamad Azharry
- Department of Child Health, Neonatology Division, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rinawati Rohsiswatmo
- Department of Child Health, Neonatology Division, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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23
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Peppas I, Ford AM, Furness CL, Greaves MF. Gut microbiome immaturity and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:565-576. [PMID: 37280427 PMCID: PMC10243253 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common cancer of childhood. Here, we map emerging evidence suggesting that children with ALL at the time of diagnosis may have a delayed maturation of the gut microbiome compared with healthy children. This finding may be associated with early-life epidemiological factors previously identified as risk indicators for childhood ALL, including caesarean section birth, diminished breast feeding and paucity of social contacts. The consistently observed deficiency in short-chain fatty-acid-producing bacterial taxa in children with ALL has the potential to promote dysregulated immune responses and to, ultimately, increase the risk of transformation of preleukaemic clones in response to common infectious triggers. These data endorse the concept that a microbiome deficit in early life may contribute to the development of the major subtypes of childhood ALL and encourage the notion of risk-reducing microbiome-targeted intervention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Peppas
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, The Royal Marsden Hospital Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Anthony M Ford
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Caroline L Furness
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, The Royal Marsden Hospital Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Mel F Greaves
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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24
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Pietrasanta C, Conti MG. Editorial: Neonatal infections and the developing neonatal immune system: current evidence and research gaps to fill. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1243752. [PMID: 37528874 PMCID: PMC10389776 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1243752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Pietrasanta
- NICU, Department of Woman, Child and Newborn, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Conti
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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25
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Bee GCW, Lokken-Toyli KL, Yeung ST, Rodriguez L, Zangari T, Anderson EE, Ghosh S, Rothlin CV, Brodin P, Khanna KM, Weiser JN. Age-dependent differences in efferocytosis determine the outcome of opsonophagocytic protection from invasive pathogens. Immunity 2023; 56:1255-1268.e5. [PMID: 37059107 PMCID: PMC10330046 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
In early life, susceptibility to invasive infection skews toward a small subset of microbes, whereas other pathogens associated with diseases later in life, including Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), are uncommon among neonates. To delineate mechanisms behind age-dependent susceptibility, we compared age-specific mouse models of invasive Spn infection. We show enhanced CD11b-dependent opsonophagocytosis by neonatal neutrophils improved protection against Spn during early life. The augmented function of neonatal neutrophils was mediated by higher CD11b surface expression at the population level due to dampened efferocytosis, which also resulted in more CD11bhi "aged" neutrophils in peripheral blood. Dampened efferocytosis during early life could be attributed to the lack of CD169+ macrophages in neonates and reduced systemic expressions of multiple efferocytic mediators, including MerTK. On experimentally impairing efferocytosis later in life, CD11bhi neutrophils increased and protection against Spn improved. Our findings reveal how age-dependent differences in efferocytosis determine infection outcome through the modulation of CD11b-driven opsonophagocytosis and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavyn Chern Wei Bee
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA.
| | - Kristen L Lokken-Toyli
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Stephen T Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Lucie Rodriguez
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tonia Zangari
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Exene E Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carla V Rothlin
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Petter Brodin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kamal M Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA; Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Weiser
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA.
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26
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Zhu L, Yao X, Mo Y, Chen MW, Li SC, Liu JQ, Liu HY. miR-4433a-3p promotes granulosa cell apoptosis by targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and inducing immune cell infiltration in polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:1447-1459. [PMID: 37204637 PMCID: PMC10310670 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02815-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulosa cell (GC) proliferation and apoptosis are critical events of the ovum energy supply, which lead to follicular growth retardation or atresia, and various ovulatory obstacles, eventually resulting in the development of ovarian disorders such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Apoptosis and dysregulated miRNA expression in GCs are manifestations of PCOS. miR-4433a-3p has been reported to be involved in apoptosis. However, there is no study reporting the roles of miR-4433a-3p in GC apoptosis and PCOS progression. METHODS miR-4433a-3p and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) levels in GCs of PCOS patients or in tissues of a PCOS rat model were examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Bioinformatics analyses and luciferase assays were used to examine the association between miR-4433a-3p and PPAR-α, as well as PPAR-α and immune cell infiltration, in PCOS patients. RESULTS miR-4433a-3p expression in GCs of PCOS patients was increased. miR-4433a-3p overexpression inhibited the growth of the human granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN) and promoted apoptosis, while co-treatment with PPAR-α and miR-4433a-3p mimic rescued miR-4433a-3p-induced apoptosis. PPAR-α was a direct target of miR-4433a-3p and its expression was decreased in PCOS patients. PPAR-α expression was also positively correlated with the infiltration of activated CD4+ T cells, eosinophils, B cells, gamma delta T cells, macrophages, and mast cells, but negatively correlated with the infiltration of activated CD8+ T cells, CD56+ bright natural killer cells, immature dendritic cells, monocytes, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, neutrophils, and type 1 T helper cells in PCOS patients. CONCLUSION The miR-4433a-3p/PPAR-α/immune cell infiltration axis may function as a novel cascade to alter GC apoptosis in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Mo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Wei Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Chen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hai-Ying Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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27
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Nakandalage R, Guan LL, Malmuthuge N. Microbial Interventions to Improve Neonatal Gut Health. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1328. [PMID: 37317302 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse pioneer microbial community colonizing the mammalian gastrointestinal tract is critical for the developing immune system. Gut microbial communities of neonates can be affected by various internal and external factors, resulting in microbial dysbiosis. Microbial dysbiosis during early life affects gut homeostasis by changing metabolic, physiological, and immunological status, which increases susceptibility to neonatal infections and long-term pathologies. Early life is crucial for the establishment of microbiota and the development of the host immune system. Therefore, it provides a window of opportunity to reverse microbial dysbiosis with a positive impact on host health. Recent attempts to use microbial interventions during early life have successfully reversed dysbiotic gut microbial communities in neonates. However, interventions with persistent effects on microbiota and host health are still limited. This review will critically discuss microbial interventions, modulatory mechanisms, their limitations, and gaps in knowledge to understand their roles in improving neonatal gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranga Nakandalage
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Nilusha Malmuthuge
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
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28
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Archer D, Perez-Muñoz ME, Tollenaar S, Veniamin S, Cheng CC, Richard C, Barreda DR, Field CJ, Walter J. The importance of the timing of microbial signals for perinatal immune system development. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:11. [PMID: 38047281 PMCID: PMC10688825 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Development and maturation of the immune system begin in utero and continue throughout the neonatal period. Both the maternal and neonatal gut microbiome influence immune development, but the relative importance of the prenatal and postnatal periods is unclear. Methods: In the present study, we characterized immune cell populations in mice in which the timing of microbiome colonization was strictly controlled using gnotobiotic methodology. Results: Compared to conventional (CONV) mice, germ-free (GF) mice conventionalized at birth (EC mice) showed few differences in immune cell populations in adulthood, explaining only 2.36% of the variation in immune phenotypes. In contrast, delaying conventionalization to the fourth week of life (DC mice) affected seven splenic immune cell populations in adulthood, including dendritic cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs), explaining 29.01% of the variation in immune phenotypes. Early life treatment of DC mice with Limosilactobacillus reuteri restored splenic dendritic cells and Tregs to levels observed in EC mice, and there were strain-specific effects on splenic CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD11c+ F4/80+ mononuclear phagocytes. Conclusion: This work demonstrates that the early postnatal period, compared to the prenatal period, is relatively more important for microbial signals to influence immune development in mice. Our findings further show that targeted microbial treatments in early life can redress adverse effects on immune development caused by the delayed acquisition of the neonatal gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Archer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Maria Elisa Perez-Muñoz
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Stephanie Tollenaar
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Simona Veniamin
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Christopher C. Cheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
- Center of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Caroline Richard
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Daniel R. Barreda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Catherine J. Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
- APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology and Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
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29
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Oshima K, Hinoki A, Uchida H, Tanaka Y, Okuno Y, Go Y, Shirota C, Tainaka T, Sumida W, Yokota K, Makita S, Takimoto A, Kano Y, Sawa S. Single-cell RNA sequencing of intestinal immune cells in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 39:179. [PMID: 37041419 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) causes fatal intestinal necrosis in neonates, but its etiology is unknown. We analyzed the intestinal immune response to NEC. METHODS Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we analyzed the gene expression profiles of intestinal immune cells from four neonates with intestinal perforation (two with NEC and two without NEC). Target mononuclear cells were extracted from the lamina propria of the resected intestines. RESULTS In all four cases, major immune cells, such as T cells (15.1-47.7%), B cells (3.1-19.0%), monocytes (16.5-31.2%), macrophages (1.6-17.4%), dendritic cells (2.4-12.2%), and natural killer cells (7.5-12.8%), were present in similar proportions to those in the neonatal cord blood. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that the MTOR, TNF-α, and MYC signaling pathways were enriched in T cells of the NEC patients, suggesting upregulated immune responses related to inflammation and cell proliferation. In addition, all four cases exhibited a bias toward cell-mediated inflammation, based on the predominance of T helper 1 cells. CONCLUSION Intestinal immunity in NEC subjects exhibited stronger inflammatory responses compared to non-NEC subjects. Further scRNA-seq and cellular analysis may improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Oshima
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akinari Hinoki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroo Uchida
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yujiro Tanaka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Department of Virology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Go
- Cognitive Genomics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Science, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Physiological Science, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Chiyoe Shirota
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahisa Tainaka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wataru Sumida
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yokota
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Makita
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aitaro Takimoto
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoko Kano
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Research Center for Systems Immunology, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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30
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Xu Q, Wei H, Wen S, Chen J, Lei Y, Cheng Y, Huang W, Wang D, Shu Y. Factors affecting the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines in human. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:211. [PMID: 37024804 PMCID: PMC10078025 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influenza viruses pose a threat to human health and medical services, and vaccination is an important way to prevent infection. However, the effectiveness of influenza vaccines is affected by various aspects. This study aimed to explore factors related to the immune response to influenza vaccines. METHODS The study was conducted from September 2019 to September 2021, and a total of 593 volunteers were recruited from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 3 provinces in China. The hemagglutination inhibition assay was used to measure antibody levels. The Chi-square test, multivariable logistic regression analysis, and sum-rank test were used to analyze the factors associated with influenza vaccine immune response. RESULTS The Chi-square test showed that seroconversion rates and response rate were associated with age group, vaccination history, chronic conditions, the frequency of colds, and region (P < 0.05). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age was an important factor that affected participants' seroconversion rates for A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B/Victoria, and response status (18-64 vs. ≤5: OR = 2.77, P < 0.001; ≥65 vs. ≤5: OR = 0.38, P = 0.01; 18-64 vs. ≤5: OR = 2.64, P = 0.03). Vaccination history was also an affecting factor for A/H1N1, B/Victoria, and response status (yes vs. no: OR = 0.4 / 0.44 / 0.25, P < 0.001). The frequency of colds and chronic conditions were also affecting factors for participants' seroconversion rates and response levels to different degrees. The sum-rank test showed that the fold changes for A/H1N1, B/Victoria, and B/Yamagata were associated with age group and vaccination history (P < 0.01). The fold changes for A/H3N2 were associated with the frequency of colds (P < 0.05), and those for B/Victoria were associated with gender and chronic conditions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Vaccination history, age, health condition, and frequency of colds were important factors affecting the seroconversion rate of the influenza vaccine in human. There is a need for developing optimized vaccination strategies for vulnerable groups to improve the efficacy of influenza vaccines in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyi Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University-Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hejiang Wei
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Simin Wen
- Clinical Research Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China, University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University-Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxuan Lei
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University-Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanhui Cheng
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Weijuan Huang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dayan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University-Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical School, Beijing, China.
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31
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Chini A, Guha P, Malladi VS, Guo Z, Mandal SS. Novel long non-coding RNAs associated with inflammation and macrophage activation in human. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4036. [PMID: 36899011 PMCID: PMC10006430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a central role in immune response and macrophage activation. Emerging studies demonstrate that along with proteins and genomic factors, noncoding RNA are potentially involved in regulation of immune response and inflammation. Our recent study demonstrated that lncRNA HOTAIR plays key roles in cytokine expression and inflammation in macrophages. The primary goal of this study is to discover novel lncRNAs that are crucial players in inflammation, macrophage activation, and immune response in humans. Towards this, we have stimulated THP1-derived macrophages (THP1-MΦ) with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and performed the whole transcriptome RNA-seq analysis. Based on this analysis, we discovered that along with well-known marker for inflammation (such as cytokines), a series of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) expression were highly induced upon LPS-stimulation of macrophages, suggesting their potential roles in inflammation and macrophage activation. We termed these family of lncRNAs as Long-noncoding Inflammation Associated RNA (LinfRNA). Dose and time dependent analysis demonstrated that many human LinfRNA (hLinfRNAs) expressions follow similar patterns as cytokine expressions. Inhibition of NF-κB suppressed the expression of most hLinfRNAs suggesting their potential regulation via NF-κB activation during inflammation and macrophage activation. Antisense-mediated knockdown of hLinfRNA1 suppressed the LPS-induced expression of cytokines and pro-inflammatory genes such as IL6, IL1β, and TNFα expression, suggesting potential functionality of the hLinfRNAs in cytokine regulation and inflammation. Overall, we discovered a series of novel hLinfRNAs that are potential regulators of inflammation and macrophage activation and may be linked to inflammatory and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisankar Chini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Prarthana Guha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Venkat S Malladi
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Zibiao Guo
- North Texas Genome Center, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Subhrangsu S Mandal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
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32
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de Villartay JP, Pannier E, Sibiude J, Frange P, Tubiana R, Blanche S. Brief Report: T-Cell Receptor α Repertoire Diversity at Birth After in utero Exposure to HIV Integrase Strand-Transfer Inhibitors. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2023; 92:260-262. [PMID: 36343360 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Effectiveness of anti-HIV in the prevention of perinatal transmission has been established. Assessing the tolerance of drug exposure during pregnancy is of the utmost importance given the number of children exposed. HIV integrase and the recombinase-activating gene enzyme involved in the establishment of the T-lymphocyte repertoire show structural similarity. The inhibition of recombinase-activating (RAG) gene by anti-integrases is observed in vitro, in a variable way according to the molecules. Here, we show that in utero exposure to raltegravir did not alter the T-lymphocyte repertoire of 12 newborns. These reassuring data merit verification for other anti-integrases. ( ClinicalTrial.org NCT04024150).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Pierre de Villartay
- Imagine Institute, Laboratory "Genome Dynamics in the Immune System", INSERM UMR 11635, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France; and
| | - Emmanuelle Pannier
- Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France; and.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris and Colombes, France
| | - Jeanne Sibiude
- Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France; and.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris and Colombes, France
| | - Pierre Frange
- Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France; and.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris and Colombes, France
| | - Roland Tubiana
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris and Colombes, France
| | - Stéphane Blanche
- Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France; and.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris and Colombes, France
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33
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Denorme F, Rustad JL, Portier I, Crandell JL, de Araujo CV, Cody MJ, Campbell RA, Yost CC. Neutrophil extracellular trap inhibition improves survival in neonatal mouse infectious peritonitis. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:862-869. [PMID: 35902703 PMCID: PMC9331023 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of neonatal peritonitis and sepsis is challenging. Following infection, neutrophils elaborate neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)-extracellular lattices of decondensed chromatin decorated with antimicrobial proteins. NETs, however, can augment pathogenic inflammation causing collateral damage. We hypothesized that NET inhibition would improve survival in experimental neonatal infectious peritonitis. METHODS We induced peritonitis in 7 to 10-day-old mice by intraperitoneal injection with cecal slurry. We targeted NETs by treating mice with neonatal NET-Inhibitory Factor (nNIF), an endogenous NET-inhibitor; Cl-amidine, a PAD4 inhibitor; DNase I, a NET degrading enzyme, or meropenem (an antibiotic). We determined peritoneal NET and cytokine levels and circulating platelet-neutrophil aggregates. Survival from peritonitis was followed for 6 days. RESULTS nNIF, Cl-amidine, and DNase I decreased peritoneal NET formation and inflammatory cytokine levels at 24 h compared to controls. nNIF, Cl-amidine, and DNase I decreased circulating platelet-neutrophil aggregates, and NET-targeting treatments significantly increased survival from infectious peritonitis compared to controls. Finally, nNIF administration significantly improved survival in mice treated with sub-optimal doses of meropenem even when treatment was delayed until 2 h after peritonitis induction. CONCLUSIONS NET inhibition improves survival in experimental neonatal infectious peritonitis, suggesting that NETs participate pathogenically in neonatal peritonitis and sepsis. IMPACT 1. Neutrophil extracellular trap formation participates pathogenically in experimental neonatal infectious peritonitis. 2. NET-targeting strategies improve outcomes in a translational model of neonatal infectious peritonitis. 3. NET inhibition represents a potential target for drug development in neonatal sepsis and infectious peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John L Rustad
- Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Irina Portier
- Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | | | - Claudia V de Araujo
- Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Mark J Cody
- Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Robert A Campbell
- Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Christian C Yost
- Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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Wen S, Wei H, Li M, Zhong S, Cheng Y, Huang W, Wang D, Shu Y. Genetic variants in BAT2 are associated with immune responsiveness to influenza vaccination. Front Genet 2023; 14:1059447. [PMID: 36845396 PMCID: PMC9951381 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1059447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Influenza is a global public health problem for its detrimental impact on human health. Annual vaccination is the most effective prevention of influenza infection. Identifying host genetic factors associated with the responsiveness to influenza vaccines can provide clues for developing more effective influenza vaccines. In this study, we aimed to explore whether the single nucleotide polymorphisms in BAT2 are associated with the antibody responses to influenza vaccines. Method: A nested case-control study was conducted in this research. 1968 healthy volunteers were enrolled and 1,582 of them from a Chinese Han population were eligible for further research. According to the hemagglutination inhibition titers of subjects against all influenza vaccine strains, a total of 227 low responders and 365 responders were included in the analysis. Six tag single nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding region of BAT2 were selected and genotyped using the MassARRAY technology platform. Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between variants and antibody responses to influenza vaccination. Results: Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with the BAT2 rs1046089GG genotype, the GA + AA genotype was correlated with decreased risk of low responsiveness to influenza vaccines after adjusting for gender and age (p = 1.12E-03, OR = .562, 95%CI: .398-.795). rs9366785 GA + AA genotype was associated with a higher risk of low responsiveness to influenza vaccination compared with the GG genotype (p = .003, OR = 1.854, 95%CI: 1.229-2.799). The haplotype consisting of BAT2 rs2280801-rs10885-rs1046089-rs2736158-rs1046080-rs9366785 CCAGAG was correlated with a higher level of antibody response to influenza vaccines compared with haplotype CCGGAG (p < .001, OR = .37, 95%CI: .23-.58). Conclusion: Genetic variants in BAT2 were statistically associated with the immune response to influenza vaccination among the Chinese population. Identifying these variants will provide clues for further research on novel broad-spectrum influenza vaccines, and improve the individualized influenza vaccination scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Wen
- Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hejiang Wei
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Mao Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuyi Zhong
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanhui Cheng
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Weijuan Huang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Dayan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Dayan Wang, ; Yuelong Shu,
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China,Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Dayan Wang, ; Yuelong Shu,
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35
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Talisman S, Guedalia J, Farkash R, Avitan T, Srebnik N, Kasirer Y, Schimmel MS, Ghanem D, Unger R, Granovsky SG. Neonatal intensive care admission for term neonates and subsequent childhood mortality: a retrospective linkage study. BMC Med 2023; 21:44. [PMID: 36747227 PMCID: PMC9903506 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02744-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission among term neonates is a rare event. The aim of this study was to study the association of the NICU admission of term neonates on the risk of long-term childhood mortality. METHODS A single-center case-control retrospective study between 2005 and 2019, including all in-hospital ≥ 37 weeks' gestation singleton live-born neonates. The center perinatal database was linked with the birth and death certificate registries of the Israeli Ministry of Internal Affairs. The primary aim of the study was to study the association between NICU admission and childhood mortality throughout a 15-year follow-up period. RESULTS During the study period, 206,509 births were registered; 192,527 (93.22%) term neonates were included in the study; 5292 (2.75%) were admitted to NICU. Throughout the follow-up period, the mortality risk for term neonates admitted to the NICU remained elevated; hazard ratio (HR), 19.72 [14.66, 26.53], (p < 0.001). For all term neonates, the mortality rate was 0.16% (n = 311); 47.9% (n = 149) of those had records of a NICU admission. The mortality rate by time points (ratio1:10,0000 births) related to the age at death during the follow-up period was as follows: 29, up to 7 days; 20, 7-28 days; 37, 28 days to 6 months; 21, 6 months to 1 year; 19, 1-2 years; 9, 2-3 years; 10, 3-4 years; and 27, 4 years and more. Following the exclusion of congenital malformations and chromosomal abnormalities, NICU admission remained the most significant risk factor associated with mortality of the study population, HRs, 364.4 [145.3; 913.3] for mortality in the first 7 days of life; 19.6 [12.1; 32.0] for mortality from 28 days through 6 months of life and remained markedly elevated after age 4 years; HR, 7.1 [3.0; 17.0]. The mortality risk related to the NICU admission event, adjusted for admission diagnoses remained significant; HR = 8.21 [5.43; 12.4]. CONCLUSIONS NICU admission for term neonates is a pondering event for the risk of long-term childhood mortality. This group of term neonates may benefit from focused health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Talisman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Affiliated with the Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joshua Guedalia
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Rivka Farkash
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Affiliated with the Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tehila Avitan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Affiliated with the Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Naama Srebnik
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Affiliated with the Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yair Kasirer
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Affiliated with the Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael S Schimmel
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Affiliated with the Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Donia Ghanem
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Affiliated with the Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ron Unger
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Sorina Grisaru Granovsky
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Affiliated with the Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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36
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Jordan-Paiz A, Martrus G, Steinert FL, Kaufmann M, Sagebiel AF, Schreurs RRCE, Rechtien A, Baumdick ME, Jung JM, Möller KJ, Wegner L, Grüttner C, Richert L, Thünauer R, Schroeder-Schwarz J, van Goudoever JB, Geijtenbeek TBH, Altfeld M, Pals ST, Perez D, Klarenbeek PL, Tomuschat C, Sauter G, Königs I, Schumacher U, Friese MA, Melling N, Reinshagen K, Bunders MJ. CXCR5 +PD-1 ++ CD4 + T cells colonize infant intestines early in life and promote B cell maturation. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:201-213. [PMID: 36600048 PMCID: PMC9886971 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00944-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal infections are a major cause for serious clinical complications in infants. The induction of antibody responses by B cells is critical for protective immunity against infections and requires CXCR5+PD-1++ CD4+ T cells (TFH cells). We investigated the ontogeny of CXCR5+PD-1++ CD4+ T cells in human intestines. While CXCR5+PD-1++ CD4+ T cells were absent in fetal intestines, CXCR5+PD-1++ CD4+ T cells increased after birth and were abundant in infant intestines, resulting in significant higher numbers compared to adults. These findings were supported by scRNAseq analyses, showing increased frequencies of CD4+ T cells with a TFH gene signature in infant intestines compared to blood. Co-cultures of autologous infant intestinal CXCR5+PD-1+/-CD4+ T cells with B cells further demonstrated that infant intestinal TFH cells were able to effectively promote class switching and antibody production by B cells. Taken together, we demonstrate that functional TFH cells are numerous in infant intestines, making them a promising target for oral pediatric vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jordan-Paiz
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Glòria Martrus
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Fenja L Steinert
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Max Kaufmann
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Adrian F Sagebiel
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Renée R C E Schreurs
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Rechtien
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
- Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Martin E Baumdick
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Johannes M Jung
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Kimberly J Möller
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Lucy Wegner
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Cordula Grüttner
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Laura Richert
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center UMR1219 and INRIA SISTM Team, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Roland Thünauer
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schroeder-Schwarz
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Johannes B van Goudoever
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Steven T Pals
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Perez
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Paul L Klarenbeek
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1007 MB, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Tomuschat
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Ingo Königs
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Altona Children's Hospital, Hamburg, 22763, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Nathaniel Melling
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Konrad Reinshagen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Madeleine J Bunders
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany.
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany.
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Polcz VE, Rincon JC, Hawkins RB, Barrios EL, Efron PA, Moldawer LL, Larson SD. TRAINED IMMUNITY: A POTENTIAL APPROACH FOR IMPROVING HOST IMMUNITY IN NEONATAL SEPSIS. Shock 2023; 59:125-134. [PMID: 36383390 PMCID: PMC9957873 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sepsis, a dysregulated host immune response to infection, is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality worldwide. Improved understanding of the perinatal immune system is critical to improve therapies to both term and preterm neonates at increased risk of sepsis. Our narrative outlines the known and unknown aspects of the human immune system through both the immune tolerant in utero period and the rapidly changing antigen-rich period after birth. We will highlight the key differences in innate and adaptive immunity noted through these developmental stages and how the unique immune phenotype in early life contributes to the elevated risk of overwhelming infection and dysregulated immune responses to infection upon exposure to external antigens shortly after birth. Given an initial dependence on neonatal innate immune host responses, we will discuss the concept of innate immune memory, or "trained immunity," and describe several potential immune modulators, which show promise in altering the dysregulated immune response in newborns and improving resilience to sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie E Polcz
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
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38
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Cytokine production by newborns: influence of sex and season of birth. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:526-534. [PMID: 35945266 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune signatures at birth could be associated with clinical outcomes and will improve our understanding of immunity prenatal programming. METHODS Data come from 235 newborns from the cohort study NELA. Production of cytokines was determined using Luminex technology. Associations between cytokine concentrations with sex and season of birth were examined by multivariate regression models. RESULTS Umbilical cord blood cells produced high levels of inflammatory cytokines, moderate levels of Th1/Th2/Tr-related cytokines, and low levels of Th17 cytokines. Compared to females, male newborn cells secreted higher levels of Th2 (peptidoglycan-stimulated IL-13, odds ratio [OR] = 2.26; 95% CI 1.18, 4.31, p value = 0.013) and Th17 (polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid-stimulated IL-23, OR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.01, 3.27, p value = 0.046) and lower levels of Th1 (olive-stimulated IL-2, OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.31, 0.99, p value = 0.047) cytokines. Also, children born during warm seasons showed decreased innate cytokine response to peptidoglycan (IL-6, OR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.15, 0.52, p value < 0.001) compared to those born in cold seasons; meanwhile, adaptive immunity cytokines were more frequently secreted by children born during warm seasons in response to allergen extracts (IL-10, OR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.12, 3.96, p value = 0.020; IL-17F, OR = 3.31, 95% CI 1.83, 5.99, p value < 0.001). CONCLUSION Newborns showed specific cytokines signatures influenced by sex and season of birth. IMPACT There is a limited number of population-based studies on the immune status at birth and the influence of prenatal and perinatal factors on it. Characterization of cytokine signatures at birth related to the prenatal environment could improve our understanding of immunity prenatal programming. Newborns exhibit specific unstimulated and stimulated cytokine signatures influenced by sex and season of birth. Unstimulated and stimulated cytokine signatures in newborns may be associated with the development of related clinical outcomes later in life.
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Paiola M, Dimitrakopoulou D, Pavelka MS, Robert J. Amphibians as a model to study the role of immune cell heterogeneity in host and mycobacterial interactions. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:104594. [PMID: 36403788 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterial infections represent major concerns for aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates including humans. Although our current knowledge is mostly restricted to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and mammalian host interactions, increasing evidence suggests common features in endo- and ectothermic animals infected with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs) like those described for M. tuberculosis. Importantly, most of the pathogenic and non-pathogenic NTMs detected in amphibians from wild, farmed, and research facilities represent, in addition to the potential economic loss, a rising concern for human health. Upon mycobacterial infection in mammals, the protective immune responses involving the innate and adaptive immune systems are highly complex and therefore not fully understood. This complexity results from the versatility and resilience of mycobacteria to hostile conditions as well as from the immune cell heterogeneity arising from the distinct developmental origins according with the concept of layered immunity. Similar to the differing responses of neonates versus adults during tuberculosis development, the pathogenesis and inflammatory responses are stage-specific in Xenopus laevis during infection by the NTM M. marinum. That is, both in human fetal and neonatal development and in tadpole development, responses are characterized by hypo-responsiveness and a lower capacity to contain mycobacterial infections. Similar to a mammalian fetus and neonates, T cells and myeloid cells in Xenopus tadpoles and axolotls are different from the adult immune cells. Fetal and amphibian larval T cells, which are characterized by a lower T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity, are biased toward regulatory function, and they have distinct progenitor origins from those of the adult immune cells. Some early developing T cells and likely macrophage subpopulations are conserved in adult anurans and mammals, and therefore, they likely play an important role in the host-pathogen interactions from early stages of development to adulthood. Thus, we propose the use of developing amphibians, which have the advantage of being free-living early in their development, as an alternative and complementary model to study the role of immune cell heterogeneity in host-mycobacteria interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Paiola
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Dionysia Dimitrakopoulou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Martin S Pavelka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Jacques Robert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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Smout J, Valentin C, Delbauve S, Pauwels J, Köhler A, Flamand V. Maternal Lactobacillus rhamnosus administration impacts neonatal CD4 T-cell activation and prevents murine T helper 2-type allergic airways disease. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1082648. [PMID: 36685549 PMCID: PMC9847498 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1082648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a role in the neonatal immune education and could influence susceptibility to Th2-type immune disorders, such as allergies, the most prevalent chronic diseases in early childhood. We studied the impact of oral Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L.rhamnosus) supplementation to pregnant/breastfeeding C57BL/6 mice on the development of allergic airways disease in their offspring. We observed that mice, from L.rhamnosus-treated mothers, inoculated with ovalbumin (OVA)-Aluminium hydroxide (ALUM) at 3 days of life and challenged intranasally 4 weeks later showed decreased Th2-associated cytokines, IgE and IgG1, lung eosinophilia and airway hyper-reactivity compared to OVA-sensitized mice from untreated mothers. In that setting, the L.rhamnosus treatment increased the number and maturation of splenic neonatal type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1) that remained largely dominant over the cDC2 and favored their OVA-specific Th1 differentiation. In response to inhaled house dust mite (HDM) allergen, the maternal L.rhamnosus supplementation increased the number of neonatal pulmonary cDC1 expressing lower amount of costimulatory molecules compared with no supplementation and decreased the number of cDC2 without affecting their costimulatory molecules expression. An HDM-specific Foxp3+RORγt+ Treg polarization was monitored in the lung draining lymph nodes. Finally, we confirmed the inhibitory effect of maternal L.rhamnosus treatment on all the measured features of the HDM allergic airways reaction in their offspring. We conclude that maternal L.rhamnosus administration prevents Th2-type allergic airways disease in their neonates by favoring splenic cDC1/Th1 responses against ALUM-adjuvanted OVA or by promoting a pulmonary Foxp3+RORγt+ Treg activation against inhaled HDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Smout
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Clara Valentin
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Delbauve
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Jeanne Pauwels
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Köhler
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Véronique Flamand
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium,*Correspondence: Véronique Flamand,
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41
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Wang J, Han Y, Wang M, Li H, Sun Y, Chen X. The inhibitory effect of Yam polysaccharides on acrylamide-induced programmed cell death in RAW 264.7 cells. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:443-457. [PMID: 36655068 PMCID: PMC9834884 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide has been well known for its neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, etc. Recently, the immunotoxicity of acrylamide has been reported by different research groups, although the underlying mechanisms of acrylamide endangering immune systems have not been fully elucidated. In this study, mouse monocyte-macrophage cells model was used to clarify the toxic mechanism of acrylamide and the inhibitory effect of Yam polysaccharides (YPS) on acrylamide-induced damage. We found that acrylamide induced RAW 264.7 cell death in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. After acrylamide (2.0, 3.0, 4.0 mmol/L) treatment for 24 h, cell apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis were observed. However, the levels of autophagy and pyroptosis decreased at a high concentration of acrylamide (4.0 mmol/L). Acrylamide upregulated P2X7 expression, but the P2X7 level was not showing a monotone increasing trend. When the P2X7 antagonist was applied, the effect of acrylamide on autophagy and pyroptosis was weakened. Additionally, acrylamide triggered the occurrence of oxidative stress and a decreased nitric oxide (NO) level. However, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the decrease of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, and the increase of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression were reversed by the inhibition of P2X7. Yam polysaccharides (50.0 μg/ml) significantly inhibited acrylamide-induced oxidative stress and cell death (including apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis). Yam polysaccharides also effectively reversed the increase of iNOS expression induced by acrylamide. However, Yam polysaccharides promoted the expression of P2X7 rather than prohibit it. These results indicated that acrylamide caused RAW 264.7 cell death due to pro-apoptosis as well as excessive autophagy and pyroptosis. Apoptosis might be more predominant than autophagy and pyroptosis under a higher concentration of acrylamide (4.0 mmol/L). P2X7-stimulated oxidative stress was responsible for acrylamide-induced programmed cell death (PCD), but P2X7 showed limited regulatory effect on apoptosis. Yam polysaccharides with antioxidant activity inhibited acrylamide-induced cell death (apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis), but exerted limited effect on the acrylamide-induced P2X7 expression. These findings would offer an insight into elucidating the immunotoxic mechanism of acrylamide and the potential approaches to control its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'AnChina
| | - Ying Han
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'AnChina
| | | | - He Li
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'AnChina
| | - Yujiao Sun
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'AnChina
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'AnChina
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Cortegano I, Rodríguez M, Hernángómez S, Arrabal A, Garcia-Vao C, Rodríguez J, Fernández S, Díaz J, de la Rosa B, Solís B, Arribas C, Garrido F, Zaballos A, Roa S, López V, Gaspar ML, de Andrés B. Age-dependent nasal immune responses in non-hospitalized bronchiolitis children. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1011607. [PMID: 36561744 PMCID: PMC9763932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchiolitis in children is associated with significant rates of morbidity and mortality. Many studies have been performed using samples from hospitalized bronchiolitis patients, but little is known about the immunological responses from infants suffering from mild/moderate bronchiolitis that do not require hospitalization. We have studied a collection of nasal lavage fluid (NLF) samples from outpatient bronchiolitis children as a novel strategy to unravel local humoral and cellular responses, which are not fully characterized. The children were age-stratified in three groups, two of them (GI under 2-months, GII between 2-4 months) presenting a first episode of bronchiolitis, and GIII (between 4 months and 2 years) with recurrent respiratory infections. Here we show that elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β, IL6, TNFα, IL18, IL23), regulatory cytokines (IL10, IL17A) and IFNγ were found in the three bronchiolitis cohorts. However, little or no change was observed for IL33 and MCP1, at difference to previous results from bronchiolitis hospitalized patients. Furthermore, our results show a tendency to IL1β, IL6, IL18 and TNFα increased levels in children with mild pattern of symptom severity and in those in which non RSV respiratory virus were detected compared to RSV+ samples. By contrast, no such differences were found based on gender distribution. Bronchiolitis NLFs contained more IgM, IgG1, IgG3 IgG4 and IgA than NLF from their age-matched healthy controls. NLF from bronchiolitis children predominantly contained neutrophils, and also low frequency of monocytes and few CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. NLF from infants older than 4-months contained more intermediate monocytes and B cell subsets, including naïve and memory cells. BCR repertoire analysis of NLF samples showed a biased VH1 usage in IgM repertoires, with low levels of somatic hypermutation. Strikingly, algorithmic studies of the mutation profiles, denoted antigenic selection on IgA-NLF repertoires. Our results support the use of NLF samples to analyze immune responses and may have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Cortegano
- Immunobiology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Rodríguez
- Immunobiology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Arrabal
- Immunobiology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Rodríguez
- Pediatrics Department, Atención Primaria Galapagar, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Fernández
- Pediatrics Department, Atención Primaria Galapagar, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juncal Díaz
- Pediatrics Department, Atención Primaria Galapagar, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Solís
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Arribas
- Pediatrics Department, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Garrido
- Pediatrics Department, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Zaballos
- Genomics Central Core, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Roa
- Biochemistry and Genetics Department, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victoria López
- Chronic Disease Programme Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Luisa Gaspar
- Immunobiology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén de Andrés
- Immunobiology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Coppola S, Carucci L, De Michele R, Berni Canani R. The potential role of preventive and therapeutic immunonutrition strategies for pediatric food allergy: A mini-review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1050554. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy (FA) represents one of the main chronic conditions of the pediatric population. The gut microbiome (GM)-immune system axis is a milestone in affecting FA susceptibility. The dynamic and bidirectional crosstalk between the GM and immune system starts early in life, and it is deeply modulated during the first 1,000 days of life. Nutritional factors during this crucial period mainly influence the proper GM-immune system development and function across the lifespan, with potential beneficial or detrimental effects on health status. Immunonutrition strategies, applied from conception, could represent an innovative target for prevention and treatment of pediatric FA. Here we described the potential role of preventive and therapeutic immunonutrition strategies for pediatric FA, highlighting putative future perspectives in this field.
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44
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Molnar K, Riedel H, Schwarz J, Dietz S, Spring B, Haag L, Poets CF, Gille C, Köstlin-Gille N. Group B streptococci infection model shows decreased regulatory capacity of cord blood cells. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:1407-1416. [PMID: 35165359 PMCID: PMC9700511 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period. Compared to adults, neonates are more susceptible to infections, especially to systemic infections with Group B Streptococcus (GBS). Furthermore, neonates show defects in terminating inflammation. The immunological causes for the increased susceptibility to infection and the prolonged inflammatory response are still incompletely understood. METHODS In the present study, we aimed to investigate the reaction of cord blood mononuclear cells (MNC) to stimulation with GBS in comparison to that of MNC from adult blood with focus on the proliferative response in an in vitro infection model with heat-inactivated GBS. RESULTS We demonstrate that after stimulation with GBS the proliferation of T cells from adult blood strongly decreased, while the proliferation of cord blood T cells remained unchanged. This effect could be traced back to a transformation of adult monocytes, but not cord blood monocytes, to a suppressive phenotype with increased expression of the co-inhibitory molecule programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). CONCLUSIONS These results point towards an increased inflammatory capacity of neonatal MNC after stimulation with GBS. Targeting the prolonged inflammatory response of neonatal immune cells may be a strategy to prevent complications of neonatal infections. IMPACT Neonatal sepsis often leads to post-inflammatory complications. Causes for sustained inflammation in neonates are incompletely understood. We show that cord blood T cells exhibited increased proliferative capacity after stimulation with group B streptococci (GBS) in comparison to adult T cells. Adult monocytes but not cord blood monocytes acquired suppressive activity and expressed increased levels of PD-L1 after GBS stimulation. Increased proliferative capacity of neonatal T cells and decreased suppressive activity of neonatal monocytes during GBS infection may contribute to prolonged inflammation and development of post-inflammatory diseases in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriszta Molnar
- Department of Neonatology, Tübingen University Children's Hospital, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hannah Riedel
- Department of Neonatology, Tübingen University Children's Hospital, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julian Schwarz
- Department of Neonatology, Tübingen University Children's Hospital, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dietz
- Department of Neonatology, Tübingen University Children's Hospital, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bärbel Spring
- Department of Neonatology, Tübingen University Children's Hospital, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laura Haag
- Department of Neonatology, Tübingen University Children's Hospital, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian F Poets
- Department of Neonatology, Tübingen University Children's Hospital, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Gille
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children's Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Natascha Köstlin-Gille
- Department of Neonatology, Tübingen University Children's Hospital, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Cranmer LM, Cotton MF, Day CL, Nemes E. What's Old and New in Tuberculosis Vaccines for Children. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2022; 11:S110-S116. [PMID: 36314550 PMCID: PMC9620432 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piac078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of global child mortality. Until the turn of the 21st century, Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) was the only vaccine to prevent TB. The pediatric TB vaccine pipeline has advanced in the past decade to include the evaluation of novel whole cell vaccines to replace infant BCG and investigation of subunit and whole cell vaccines to boost TB immunity during adolescence. We describe the history of BCG, current TB vaccine candidates in clinical trials, and the challenges and opportunities for future TB vaccine research in children. Children are a critical target population for TB vaccines, and expansion of the pediatric TB vaccine pipeline is urgently needed to end the TB pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Cranmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mark F Cotton
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Cheryl L Day
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elisa Nemes
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Pozzobon M, D’Agostino S, Roubelakis MG, Cargnoni A, Gramignoli R, Wolbank S, Gindraux F, Bollini S, Kerdjoudj H, Fenelon M, Di Pietro R, Basile M, Borutinskaitė V, Piva R, Schoeberlein A, Eissner G, Giebel B, Ponsaerts P. General consensus on multimodal functions and validation analysis of perinatal derivatives for regenerative medicine applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:961987. [PMID: 36263355 PMCID: PMC9574482 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.961987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal tissues, such as placenta and umbilical cord contain a variety of somatic stem cell types, spanning from the largely used hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to the most recently described broadly multipotent epithelial and stromal cells. As perinatal derivatives (PnD), several of these cell types and related products provide an interesting regenerative potential for a variety of diseases. Within COST SPRINT Action, we continue our review series, revising and summarizing the modalities of action and proposed medical approaches using PnD products: cells, secretome, extracellular vesicles, and decellularized tissues. Focusing on the brain, bone, skeletal muscle, heart, intestinal, liver, and lung pathologies, we discuss the importance of potency testing in validating PnD therapeutics, and critically evaluate the concept of PnD application in the field of tissue regeneration. Hereby we aim to shed light on the actual therapeutic properties of PnD, with an open eye for future clinical application. This review is part of a quadrinomial series on functional/potency assays for validation of PnD, spanning biological functions, such as immunomodulation, anti-microbial/anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, wound healing, angiogenesis, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pozzobon
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania D’Agostino
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria G. Roubelakis
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Cargnoni
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Wolbank
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA Trauma Research Center, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florelle Gindraux
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Traumatologique et plastique, CHU Besançon, Laboratoire de Nanomédecine, Imagerie, Thérapeutique EA 4662, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Sveva Bollini
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Halima Kerdjoudj
- University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA 4691 BIOS “Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux”, UFR d’Odontologie, Reims, France
| | | | - Roberta Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, Section of Biomorphology, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariangela Basile
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, Section of Biomorphology, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Veronika Borutinskaitė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Roberta Piva
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andreina Schoeberlein
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guenther Eissner
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Ponsaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Barman S, Borriello F, Brook B, Pietrasanta C, De Leon M, Sweitzer C, Menon M, van Haren SD, Soni D, Saito Y, Nanishi E, Yi S, Bobbala S, Levy O, Scott EA, Dowling DJ. Shaping Neonatal Immunization by Tuning the Delivery of Synergistic Adjuvants via Nanocarriers. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2559-2571. [PMID: 36028220 PMCID: PMC9486804 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvanted nanocarrier-based vaccines hold substantial potential for applications in novel early-life immunization strategies. Here, via mouse and human age-specific in vitro modeling, we identified the combination of a small-molecule STING agonist (2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP, cGAMP) and a TLR7/8 agonist (CL075) to drive the synergistic activation of neonatal dendritic cells and precision CD4 T-helper (Th) cell expansion via the IL-12/IFNγ axis. We further demonstrate that the vaccination of neonatal mice with quadrivalent influenza recombinant hemagglutinin (rHA) and an admixture of two polymersome (PS) nanocarriers separately encapsulating cGAMP (cGAMP-PS) and CL075 (CL075-PS) drove robust Th1 bias, high frequency of T follicular helper (TFH) cells, and germinal center (GC) B cells along with the IgG2c-skewed humoral response in vivo. Dual-loaded cGAMP/CL075-PSs did not outperform admixed cGAMP-PS and CL075-PS in vivo. These data validate an optimally designed adjuvantation system via age-selected small-molecule synergy and a multicomponent nanocarrier formulation as an effective approach to induce type 1 immune responses in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Barman
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Francesco Borriello
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical
Immunology Research (CISI), University of
Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
- WAO
Center of Excellence, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Byron Brook
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Carlo Pietrasanta
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Fondazione
IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, NICU, Milan 20122, Italy
- Department
of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Maria De Leon
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Cali Sweitzer
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Manisha Menon
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Simon D. van Haren
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Dheeraj Soni
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yoshine Saito
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Etsuro Nanishi
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sijia Yi
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Chicago, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Broad
Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Evan A. Scott
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Chicago, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - David J. Dowling
- Precision
Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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48
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Oh SF, Jung DJ, Choi E. Gut Microbiota-Derived Unconventional T Cell Ligands: Contribution to Host Immune Modulation. Immunohorizons 2022; 6:476-487. [PMID: 35868838 PMCID: PMC9924074 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides the prototypic innate and adaptive pathways, immune responses by innate-like lymphocytes have gained significant attention due to their unique roles. Among innate-like lymphocytes, unconventional T cells such as NKT cells and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells recognize small nonpeptide molecules of specific chemical classes. Endogenous or microbial ligands are loaded to MHC class I-like molecule CD1d or MR1, and inducing immediate effector T cell and ligand structure is one of the key determinants of NKT/MAIT cell functions. Unconventional T cells are in close, constant contact with symbiotic microbes at the mucosal layer, and CD1d/MR1 can accommodate diverse metabolites produced by gut microbiota. There is a strong interest to identify novel immunoactive molecules of endobiotic (symbiont-produced) origin as new NKT/MAIT cell ligands, as well as new cognate Ags for previously uncharacterized unconventional T cell subsets. Further studies will open an possibility to explore basic biology as well as therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwhan F. Oh
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Da-Jung Jung
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Eungyo Choi
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
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49
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Gandecha H, Kaur A, Sanghera R, Preece J, Pillay T. Nutrition and Immunity in Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132747. [PMID: 35807927 PMCID: PMC9269416 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia ischaemia (PHI), acute and chronic, may be associated with considerable adverse outcomes in the foetus and neonate. The molecular and cellular mechanisms of injury and repair associated with PHI in the perinate are not completely understood. Increasing evidence is mounting for the role of nutrients and bioactive food components in immune development, function and repair in PHI. In this review, we explore current concepts around the neonatal immune response to PHI with a specific emphasis on the impact of nutrition in the mother, foetus and neonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Gandecha
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
- East Midlands Deanery, Health Education England, Leicester LE3 5DR, UK
| | - Avineet Kaur
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
- East Midlands Deanery, Health Education England, Leicester LE3 5DR, UK
| | - Ranveer Sanghera
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
- East Midlands Deanery, Health Education England, Leicester LE3 5DR, UK
| | - Joanna Preece
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
| | - Thillagavathie Pillay
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Healthcare Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
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50
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Rahman MM, Islam F, -Or-Rashid MH, Mamun AA, Rahaman MS, Islam MM, Meem AFK, Sutradhar PR, Mitra S, Mimi AA, Emran TB, Fatimawali, Idroes R, Tallei TE, Ahmed M, Cavalu S. The Gut Microbiota (Microbiome) in Cardiovascular Disease and Its Therapeutic Regulation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:903570. [PMID: 35795187 PMCID: PMC9251340 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.903570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, considerable interest has been shown in understanding the development of the gut microbiota and its internal and external effects on the intestine, as well as the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as metabolic syndrome. The intestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in human health and disease. Recent studies revealed that the gut microbiota can affect the host body. CVDs are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and patients favor death over chronic kidney disease. For the function of gut microbiota in the host, molecules have to penetrate the intestinal epithelium or the surface cells of the host. Gut microbiota can utilize trimethylamine, N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids, and primary and secondary bile acid pathways. By affecting these living cells, the gut microbiota can cause heart failure, atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial fibrosis, myocardial infarction, and coronary artery disease. Previous studies of the gut microbiota and its relation to stroke pathogenesis and its consequences can provide new therapeutic prospects. This review highlights the interplay between the microbiota and its metabolites and addresses related interventions for the treatment of CVDs.
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