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Qin Z, Liu Y, Jia X, Zhou J, Li H, Wang X, Zhang S, Chang H, Wang G. One-step synthesized multisize AuAg alloy nanoparticles with high SERS sensitivity in directly detecting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1317:342919. [PMID: 39030015 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in widespread disease transmission, challenging the stability of global healthcare systems. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as an easy operation, fast, and low-cost technology illustrates a good potential in detecting SARS-CoV-2. In the study, one-step fabrication of gold-silver alloy nanoparticles (AuAgNPs) with adjustable metal proportions and diameters is employed as SERS substrates. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) functionalized AuAgNPs are applied as sensor surfaces to detect SARS-CoV-2 S protein. By optimizing the SERS substrates, ACE2/Au35Ag65NPs illustrate higher performance in detecting the SARS-CoV-2 S protein with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 fg/mL in both phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and pharyngeal swabs solution (PSS). It also provides excellent reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 7.7 % and 7.9 %, respectively. This easily preparable and highly reproducible SERS substrate has good potential in the practical application of detecting SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenle Qin
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, No.2, Wenchang Road, Liuzhou City, 545006, Guangxi, China
| | - Yansheng Liu
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, No.2, Wenchang Road, Liuzhou City, 545006, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xiaobo Jia
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, No.2, Wenchang Road, Liuzhou City, 545006, Guangxi, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, No.2, Wenchang Road, Liuzhou City, 545006, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongli Li
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, No.2, Wenchang Road, Liuzhou City, 545006, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, No.2, Wenchang Road, Liuzhou City, 545006, Guangxi, China
| | - Shaohui Zhang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, No.2, Wenchang Road, Liuzhou City, 545006, Guangxi, China
| | - Haixin Chang
- Quantum-Nano Matter and Device Lab, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Guofu Wang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, No.2, Wenchang Road, Liuzhou City, 545006, Guangxi, China.
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Quee FA, Hogema BM, Molier M, Slot E, van den Hurk K, Zaaijer HL. The Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 and Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody assays: Differentiating between vaccination and infection, and assessing long-term performance. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305613. [PMID: 39024252 PMCID: PMC11257240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serological surveillance is useful for assessing SARS-CoV-2 immunity in populations. To effectively study the presence and persistence of antibodies, it is necessary to distinguish between persons with past infection, and persons who only received vaccination. Knowledge of the duration of antibody persistence is essential for correct interpretation of surveillance results. METHODS Starting in April 2020, waning of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was studied in a longitudinal cohort study of 495 SARS-CoV-2 antibody-positive Dutch blood donors, not pre-selected by PCR testing or disease severity. Additionally, in May 2021, a sample of donors representative for the Dutch population was tested for antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, using the Wantai Ab ELISA and the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay; and for antibodies against the nucleocapsid protein, which indicate past infection, using the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay. RESULTS The anti-S response in donors that were infected in April or May 2020 remained positive in 100% of donors in the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay one year after infection, after which follow up of waning was no longer possible because of large scale vaccination. The anti-nucleocapsid response results were still positive in approximately 80% of donors two years after infection. In May 2021, 51% of the donors showed anti-S reactivity and 16.8% tested positive for anti-nucleocapsid antibodies. CONCLUSION Infection with SARS-CoV-2 resulted in spike and nucleocapsid antibody levels still detectable in the majority of donors 1-2 years after infection. In May 2021, 51% of donors were vaccinated and 16.8% had had an infection. Thus, both Elecsys® SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays can be used to reliably assess the vaccination and infection status of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franke A. Quee
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Boris M. Hogema
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Virology, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Molier
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ed Slot
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Affairs, Sanquin Corporate Staff, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katja van den Hurk
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans L. Zaaijer
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Virology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Petersson A, Holmberg J, Pattison-Granberg J, Ekblom K. Differences in SARS-CoV-2 antibodies depending on age, blood group, and sex in a Swedish blood donor cohort. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2024; 84:230-236. [PMID: 38905129 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2024.2361279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe differences in prevalence and the long-term presence of nucleocapsid antibodies (N-antibodies) elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection in a Swedish blood donor population not subjected to lockdown. We tested 20,651 blood donor samples for nucleocapsid antibodies from the beginning of March 2020 and 27 months onwards using the Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay. The proportion of positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody samples was determined each week. After the exclusions of one-time donors and subjects with incomplete data, 19,726 samples from 4003 donors remained. Differences in antibody prevalences stratified for age, sex, and blood groups (ABO and RhD) were determined, as well as antibody loss and recovery. Lower antibody prevalence was seen for older donors, blood group AB, and RhD-negative subjects. A significant decrease in antibody titer between the first and the second antibody-positive donation was seen for the whole study group, females, older subjects, blood group O, AB, and RhD-positive subjects. The titer waned below the detection limit in 60 (3.0%) of 1983 N-antibody-positive donors, and for 18 of these donors, a second episode with antibodies was detected. We showed that N-antibodies persist for months or years and that surprisingly few antibody-positive donors lost their antibodies. We also conclude that antibody prevalence in a Swedish population never subject to lockdown did not apparently differ from populations that were subject to stricter regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Petersson
- Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Växjö Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Holmberg
- Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Växjö Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden
| | | | - Kim Ekblom
- Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Växjö, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Patil RA, Das NK, Gandham NR, Vyawahare C, Ajagunde J, Khan S, Ratnakar PJ, Ingle Y. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in blood donors in a teaching institute from Western part of Maharashtra. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:1701-1707. [PMID: 38948624 PMCID: PMC11213452 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_780_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 is a disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 that has appeared as a global pandemic in recent times. Currently, the transmission rate has slowed down significantly, but the definite pathological reason behind this is still unknown. Therefore, the prevalence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody must be studied to establish the relation between the rate of transmission and antibody presence. Materials and Methods A clinical assessment was performed to evaluate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies among 299 healthy volunteers in the period of February to May 2021. Serum samples were analyzed using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) technology to detect the presence of IgG antibodies. Result It was observed that 21% of the participants were seropositive, and 78% of the population was seronegative across the different genders. This confirmed that the generation of antibodies is independent of gender. Simultaneously, a t-test was performed that further suggested no statistical correlation between gender and seroprevalence. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis was performed to establish the relation between age and blood group with the seroprevalence. However, there was no statistical relationship found among these parameters. Conclusion This study assisted in examining the underlying causes of high or low seroprevalence among healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashri A. Patil
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikunja K. Das
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nageswari R. Gandham
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chanda Vyawahare
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jyoti Ajagunde
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sameena Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Parag J. Ratnakar
- HoD, Central Clinical Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yamini Ingle
- Department of Pathology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Recanatini C, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Pas SD, Broens EM, Maas M, van Mansfeld R, Mutsaers-van Oudheusden AJG, van Rijen M, Schippers EF, Stegeman A, Tami A, Veldkamp KE, Visser H, Voss A, Wegdam-Blans MCA, Wertheim HFL, Wever PC, Koopmans MPG, Kluytmans JAJW, Kluytmans-van den Bergh MFQ. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare workers in Dutch hospitals after the 2020 first wave: a multicentre cross-sectional study with prospective follow-up. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:137. [PMID: 38031155 PMCID: PMC10688070 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to estimate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence and describe its determinants and associated symptoms among unvaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs) after the first wave of the pandemic. METHODS HCWs from 13 Dutch hospitals were screened for antibodies against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 in June-July 2020 and after three months. Participants completed a retrospective questionnaire on determinants for occupational and community exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 experienced since January 2020. The seroprevalence was calculated per baseline characteristic and symptom at baseline and after follow-up. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for seropositivity were determined using logistic regression. RESULTS Among 2328 HCWs, 323 (13.9%) were seropositive at enrolment, 49 of whom (15%) reported no previous symptoms suggestive of COVID-19. During follow-up, only 1% of the tested participants seroconverted. Seroprevalence was higher in younger HCWs compared to the mid-age category (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.07-2.18). Nurses (aOR 2.21, 95% CI 1.34-3.64) and administrative staff (aOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.02-3.43) had a higher seroprevalence than physicians. The highest seroprevalence was observed in HCWs in the emergency department (ED) (aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.10-2.91), the lowest in HCWs in the intensive, high, or medium care units (aOR 0.47, 95% CI 0.31-0.71). Chronic respiratory disease, smoking, and having a dog were independently associated with a lower seroprevalence, while HCWs with diabetes mellitus had a higher seroprevalence. In a multivariable model containing all self-reported symptoms since January 2020, altered smell and taste, fever, general malaise/fatigue, and muscle aches were positively associated with developing antibodies, while sore throat and chills were negatively associated. CONCLUSIONS The SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in unvaccinated HCWs of 13 Dutch hospitals was 14% in June-July 2020 and remained stable after three months. A higher seroprevalence was observed in the ED and among nurses, administrative and young staff, and those with diabetes mellitus, while a lower seroprevalence was found in HCWs in intensive, high, or medium care, and those with self-reported lung disease, smokers, and dog owners. A history of altered smell or taste, fever, muscle aches and fatigue were independently associated with the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in unvaccinated HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Recanatini
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Suzan D Pas
- Microvida Laboratory for Medical Microbiology, Bravis Hospital, Roosendaal, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Els M Broens
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martje Maas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bernhoven Hospital, Uden, The Netherlands
| | - Rosa van Mansfeld
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Miranda van Rijen
- Department of Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Emile F Schippers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haga Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Stegeman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana Tami
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Ellen Veldkamp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beatrix Hospital, Gorinchem, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Voss
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn C A Wegdam-Blans
- Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Hospital St. Jans Gasthuis, Weert, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Stichting PAMM, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Heiman F L Wertheim
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C Wever
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Marion P G Koopmans
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A J W Kluytmans
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein F Q Kluytmans-van den Bergh
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
- Amphia Academy Infectious Disease Foundation, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
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Vaughan A, Duffell E, Freidl GS, Lemos DS, Nardone A, Valenciano M, Subissi L, Bergeri I, K Broberg E, Penttinen P, Pebody R, Keramarou M. Systematic review of seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and appraisal of evidence, prior to the widespread introduction of vaccine programmes in the WHO European Region, January-December 2020. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e064240. [PMID: 37931969 PMCID: PMC10632881 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Systematic review of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies undertaken in the WHO European Region to measure pre-existing and cumulative seropositivity prior to the roll out of vaccination programmes. DESIGN A systematic review of the literature. DATA SOURCES We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and the preprint servers MedRxiv and BioRxiv in the WHO 'COVID-19 Global literature on coronavirus disease' database using a predefined search strategy. Articles were supplemented with unpublished WHO-supported Unity-aligned seroprevalence studies and other studies reported directly to WHO Regional Office for Europe and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies published before the widespread implementation of COVID-19 vaccination programmes in January 2021 among the general population and blood donors, at national and regional levels. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS At least two independent researchers extracted the eligible studies; a third researcher resolved any disagreements. Study risk of bias was assessed using a quality scoring system based on sample size, sampling and testing methodologies. RESULTS In total, 111 studies from 26 countries published or conducted between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2020 across the WHO European Region were included. A significant heterogeneity in implementation was noted across the studies, with a paucity of studies from the east of the Region. Sixty-four (58%) studies were assessed to be of medium to high risk of bias. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity prior to widespread community circulation was very low. National seroprevalence estimates after circulation started ranged from 0% to 51.3% (median 2.2% (IQR 0.7-5.2%); n=124), while subnational estimates ranged from 0% to 52% (median 5.8% (IQR 2.3%-12%); n=101), with the highest estimates in areas following widespread local transmission. CONCLUSIONS The low levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibody in most populations prior to the start of vaccine programmes underlines the critical importance of targeted vaccination of priority groups at risk of severe disease, while maintaining reduced levels of transmission to minimise population morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Vaughan
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erika Duffell
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden
| | - Gudrun S Freidl
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Diogo Simão Lemos
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Eeva K Broberg
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden
| | - Pasi Penttinen
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden
| | - Richard Pebody
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Keramarou
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden
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Sulaeman H, Grebe E, Dave H, McCann L, Di Germanio C, Sanghavi A, Sclar V, Bougie DW, Chatelain G, Biggerstaff BJ, Jones JM, Thornburg NJ, Kleinman S, Stone M, Busch MP. Evaluation of Ortho VITROS and Roche Elecsys S and NC Immunoassays for SARS-CoV-2 Serosurveillance Applications. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0323422. [PMID: 37347180 PMCID: PMC10434072 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03234-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies are instrumental in monitoring epidemic activity and require well-characterized, high-throughput assays, and appropriate testing algorithms. The U.S. Nationwide Blood Donor Seroprevalence Study performed monthly cross-sectional serological testing from July 2020 to December 2021, implementing evolving testing algorithms in response to changes in pandemic activity. With high vaccine uptake, anti-Spike (S) reactivity rates reached >80% by May 2021, and the study pivoted from reflex Roche anti-nucleocapsid (NC) testing of Ortho S-reactive specimens to parallel Ortho S/NC testing. We evaluated the performance of the Ortho NC assay as a replacement for the Roche NC assay and compared performance of parallel S/NC testing on both platforms. Qualitative and quantitative agreement of Ortho NC with Roche NC assays was evaluated on preselected S/NC concordant and discordant specimens. All 190 Ortho S+/Roche NC+ specimens were reactive on the Ortho NC assay; 34% of 367 Ortho S+/Roche NC- specimens collected prior to vaccine availability and 43% of 37 Ortho S-/Roche NC+ specimens were reactive on the Ortho NC assay. Performance of parallel S/NC testing using Ortho and Roche platforms was evaluated on 200 specimens collected in 2019 and 3,903 study specimens collected in 2021. All 200 pre-COVID-19 specimens tested negative on the four assays. Cross-platform agreement between Roche and Ortho platforms was 96.4% (3,769/3,903); most discordant results had reactivity close to the cutoffs on the alternate assays. These findings, and higher efficiency and throughput, support the use of parallel S/NC testing on either Roche or Ortho platforms for large serosurveillance studies. IMPORTANCE Seroprevalence studies like the U.S. Nationwide Blood Donor Seroprevalence Study (NBDS) have been critical in monitoring SARS-CoV-2 epidemic activity. These studies rely on serological assays to detect antibodies indicating prior infection. It is critical that the assays and testing algorithms used in seroprevalence studies have adequate performance (high sensitivity, high specificity, ability to discriminate vaccine-induced and infection-induced antibodies, etc.), as well as appropriate characteristics to support large-scale studies, such as high throughput and low cost. In this study we evaluated the performance of Ortho's anti-nucleocapsid assay as a replacement for the Roche anti-nucleocapsid assay and compared performance of parallel anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid testing on both platforms. These data demonstrate similar performance of the Ortho and Roche anti-nucleocapsid assays and that parallel anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid testing on either platform could be used for serosurveillance applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Sulaeman
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eduard Grebe
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- SACEMA, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Honey Dave
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lily McCann
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Aditi Sanghavi
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Victoria Sclar
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jefferson M. Jones
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Natalie J. Thornburg
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Steve Kleinman
- University of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael P. Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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8
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Harker S, James SE, Murphy J, Davies B, Moore C, Tennant BP, Geen J, Thomas D. Serosurveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Welsh Blood Donors: Establishment of the surveillance system and results up to November 2022. Euro Surveill 2023; 28:2200473. [PMID: 37166761 PMCID: PMC10176830 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.19.2200473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIn 2020, Wales experienced some of the highest rates of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Europe. We set up a serosurveillance scheme using residual samples from blood donations to inform the pandemic response in Wales.AimTo identify changes in SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in Wales by time, demography and location.MethodsResidual samples from blood donations made in Wales between 29 June 2020 and 20 November 2022 were tested for antibodies to the nucleocapsid antigen (anti-N) of SARS-CoV-2, resulting from natural infection. Donations made between 12 April 2021 and 20 November 2022 were also tested for antibodies to the spike antigen (anti-S) occurring as a result of natural infection and vaccination.ResultsAge-standardised seroprevalence of anti-N antibodies in donors remained stable (4.4-5.5%) until November 2020 before increasing to 16.7% by February 2021. Trends remained steady until November 2021 before increasing, peaking in November 2022 (80.2%). For anti-S, seroprevalence increased from 67.1% to 98.6% between May and September 2021, then remained above 99%. Anti-N seroprevalence was highest in younger donors and in donors living in urban South Wales. In contrast, seroprevalence of anti-S was highest in older donors and was similar across regions. No significant difference was observed by sex. Seroprevalence of anti-N antibodies was higher in Black, Asian and other minority ethnicities (self-reported) compared with White donors, with the converse observed for anti-S antibodies.ConclusionWe successfully set up long-term serological surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 using residual samples from blood donations, demonstrating variation based on age, ethnicity and location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Harker
- Communicable Diseases Surveillance Centre, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Siân Elizabeth James
- Research Development and Innovation, Welsh Blood Service, Pontyclun, United Kingdom
| | - James Murphy
- Laboratory Medicine, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Davies
- Laboratory Medicine, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Moore
- Wales Specialist Virology Centre, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Brian P Tennant
- Clinical Biochemistry Service, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Llantrisant, United Kingdom
| | - John Geen
- Clinical Biochemistry Service, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Llantrisant, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Thomas
- Communicable Diseases Surveillance Centre, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Gallian P, Hozé N, Brisbarre N, Saba Villarroel PM, Nurtop E, Isnard C, Pastorino B, Richard P, Morel P, Cauchemez S, de Lamballerie X. SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence surveys in blood donors before the vaccination campaign, France 2020-2021. iScience 2023; 26:106222. [PMID: 36818722 PMCID: PMC9930380 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional study for SARS-CoV-2 anti-S1 IgG prevalence in French blood donors (n = 32605), from March-2020 to January-2021. A mathematical model combined seroprevalence with a daily number of hospital admissions to estimate the probability of hospitalization upon infection and determine the number of infections while correcting for antibody decay. There was an overall seroprevalence increase over the study period and we estimate that ∼15% of the French population had been infected by SARS-CoV-2 by January-2021. The infection/hospitalization ratio increased with age, from 0.31% (18-30yo) to 4.5% (61-70yo). Half of the IgG-S1 positive individuals had no detectable antibodies 4 to 5 months after infection. The seroprevalence in group O donors (7.43%) was lower (p = 0.003) than in A, B, and AB donors (8.90%). We conclude, based on seroprevalence data and mathematical modeling, that a large proportion of the French population was unprotected against severe disease prior to the vaccination campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gallian
- Établissement Français du Sang, La Plaine Saint Denis 93218, France
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Nathanaël Hozé
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR2000, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nadège Brisbarre
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207), 13005 Marseille, France
- Établissement Français du Sang Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur et Corse, 13005 Marseille France
| | | | - Elif Nurtop
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Christine Isnard
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207), 13005 Marseille, France
- Établissement Français du Sang Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur et Corse, 13005 Marseille France
| | - Boris Pastorino
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Pascale Richard
- Établissement Français du Sang, La Plaine Saint Denis 93218, France
| | - Pascal Morel
- Établissement Français du Sang, La Plaine Saint Denis 93218, France
- UMR RIGHT 1098, Inserm, Établissement Français du Sang, University of Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Simon Cauchemez
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR2000, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207), 13005 Marseille, France
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10
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Pohl R, Stallmann C, Marquardt P, Kaasch AJ, Heuft HG, Apfelbacher C. Cohort profile: a longitudinal regional cohort study to assess COVID-19 seroprevalence in blood donors - baseline characteristics of the SeMaCo study participants. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068472. [PMID: 37072368 PMCID: PMC10124278 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The SeMaCo study (Serologische Untersuchungen bei Blutspendern des Großraums Magdeburg auf Antikörper gegen SARS-CoV-2), a prospective, longitudinal cohort study with four survey phases spanning 3-5 months each over a period of 22 months, extends the spectrum of seroepidemiological studies in Germany. We present here a careful characterisation of the initial survey phase of the cohort to provide baseline data on infection incidence and obtained from questionnaires, focussing in particular on the attitude towards COVID-19 vaccinations, the vaccination success and the vaccination acceptance. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2195 individual blood donors from the donor pool of the blood donation service of the University Hospital Magdeburg were enrolled in the initial survey phase from 20 January 2021 to 30 April 2021. 2138 participants gave sociodemographic/contact data (51.7% male, mean age 44 years) and 2082 participants answered the vaccination questionnaire. FINDINGS TO DATE Out of 2195 participants with antibody results, 1909 (87.0%) were antibody negative. The remaining 286 subjects (13.0%) were either antibody-positive and vaccinated (160/286; 55.9%) or antibody-positive without vaccination information (17/286; 5.9%) or antibody-positive and unvaccinated (109/286; 38.1%). The latter result reflects the rate of true or highly probable SARS-CoV-2 infections in our initial study cohort. FUTURE PLANS The study primarily aims to measure the prevalence and long-term kinetics of IgG-antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Including the baseline, the study foresees four survey periods of 3-4 months each. At each visit, we will assess the blood donors' attitude towards vaccination, the antibody response following vaccination and/or infection, as well as undesired vaccination effects. We aim to test the same participants during the survey periods by repeated invitations for blood donation to ensure a long-term (follow-up) in as many study participants as possible. After the four survey phases, a longitudinal data set will be created that reflects the course of the antibody levels/frequencies as well as the infection and vaccination incidence. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DRKS00023263.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pohl
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Stallmann
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Pauline Marquardt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Achim J Kaasch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Gert Heuft
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Apfelbacher
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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11
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Offergeld R, Preußel K, Zeiler T, Aurich K, Baumann-Baretti BI, Ciesek S, Corman VM, Dienst V, Drosten C, Görg S, Greinacher A, Grossegesse M, Haller S, Heuft HG, Hofmann N, Horn PA, Houareau C, Gülec I, Jiménez Klingberg CL, Juhl D, Lindemann M, Martin S, Neuhauser HK, Nitsche A, Ohme J, Peine S, Sachs UJ, Schaade L, Schäfer R, Scheiblauer H, Schlaud M, Schmidt M, Umhau M, Vollmer T, Wagner FF, Wieler LH, Wilking H, Ziemann M, Zimmermann M, der Heiden MA. Monitoring the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Prevalence of Antibodies in a Large, Repetitive Cross-Sectional Study of Blood Donors in Germany—Results from the SeBluCo Study 2020–2022. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040551. [PMID: 37111436 PMCID: PMC10144823 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 serosurveillance is important to adapt infection control measures and estimate the degree of underreporting. Blood donor samples can be used as a proxy for the healthy adult population. In a repeated cross-sectional study from April 2020 to April 2021, September 2021, and April/May 2022, 13 blood establishments collected 134,510 anonymised specimens from blood donors in 28 study regions across Germany. These were tested for antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and nucleocapsid, including neutralising capacity. Seroprevalence was adjusted for test performance and sampling and weighted for demographic differences between the sample and the general population. Seroprevalence estimates were compared to notified COVID-19 cases. The overall adjusted SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence remained below 2% until December 2020 and increased to 18.1% in April 2021, 89.4% in September 2021, and to 100% in April/May 2022. Neutralising capacity was found in 74% of all positive specimens until April 2021 and in 98% in April/May 2022. Our serosurveillance allowed for repeated estimations of underreporting from the early stage of the pandemic onwards. Underreporting ranged between factors 5.1 and 1.1 in the first two waves of the pandemic and remained well below 2 afterwards, indicating an adequate test strategy and notification system in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Offergeld
- Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karina Preußel
- Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Zeiler
- German Red Cross Blood Service West, 58097 Hagen, Germany
| | - Konstanze Aurich
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstrasse, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Ciesek
- Institute for Medical Virology, German Centre for Infection Research, External Partner Site Frankfurt, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 39120 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Victor M. Corman
- Institute of Virology, German National Reference Laboratory for Coronavirus, Charité—University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, German National Reference Laboratory for Coronavirus, Charité—University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Siegfried Görg
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck/Kiel, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstrasse, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | - Hans-Gert Heuft
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology/Blood Bank, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Peter A. Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | | | - Ilay Gülec
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg—Hessen, Sandhofstraße 1, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - David Juhl
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck/Kiel, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Monika Lindemann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Silke Martin
- Bavarian Red Cross Blood Service, Herzog-Heinrich-Str. 2, 80336 München, Germany
| | | | | | - Julia Ohme
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Eldagsener Straße 38, 31832 Springe, Germany
| | - Sven Peine
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich J. Sachs
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Haemotherapy, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Langhansstr. 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Lars Schaade
- Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard Schäfer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Martin Schlaud
- Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schmidt
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg—Hessen, Sandhofstraße 1, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Umhau
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Vollmer
- Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Franz F. Wagner
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Eldagsener Straße 38, 31832 Springe, Germany
| | | | | | - Malte Ziemann
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck/Kiel, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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12
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Emmenegger M, De Cecco E, Lamparter D, Jacquat RP, Riou J, Menges D, Ballouz T, Ebner D, Schneider MM, Morales IC, Doğançay B, Guo J, Wiedmer A, Domange J, Imeri M, Moos R, Zografou C, Batkitar L, Madrigal L, Schneider D, Trevisan C, Gonzalez-Guerra A, Carrella A, Dubach IL, Xu CK, Meisl G, Kosmoliaptsis V, Malinauskas T, Burgess-Brown N, Owens R, Hatch S, Mongkolsapaya J, Screaton GR, Schubert K, Huck JD, Liu F, Pojer F, Lau K, Hacker D, Probst-Müller E, Cervia C, Nilsson J, Boyman O, Saleh L, Spanaus K, von Eckardstein A, Schaer DJ, Ban N, Tsai CJ, Marino J, Schertler GF, Ebert N, Thiel V, Gottschalk J, Frey BM, Reimann RR, Hornemann S, Ring AM, Knowles TP, Puhan MA, Althaus CL, Xenarios I, Stuart DI, Aguzzi A. Continuous population-level monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in a large European metropolitan region. iScience 2023; 26:105928. [PMID: 36619367 PMCID: PMC9811913 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective public health measures against SARS-CoV-2 require granular knowledge of population-level immune responses. We developed a Tripartite Automated Blood Immunoassay (TRABI) to assess the IgG response against three SARS-CoV-2 proteins. We used TRABI for continuous seromonitoring of hospital patients and blood donors (n = 72'250) in the canton of Zurich from December 2019 to December 2020 (pre-vaccine period). We found that antibodies waned with a half-life of 75 days, whereas the cumulative incidence rose from 2.3% in June 2020 to 12.2% in mid-December 2020. A follow-up health survey indicated that about 10% of patients infected with wildtype SARS-CoV-2 sustained some symptoms at least twelve months post COVID-19. Crucially, we found no evidence of a difference in long-term complications between those whose infection was symptomatic and those with asymptomatic acute infection. The cohort of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects represents a resource for the study of chronic and possibly unexpected sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Emmenegger
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena De Cecco
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Lamparter
- Health2030 Genome Center, 9 Chemin des Mines, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël P.B. Jacquat
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Julien Riou
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Menges
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tala Ballouz
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ebner
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, England
| | - Matthias M. Schneider
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | | | - Berre Doğançay
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Wiedmer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julie Domange
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marigona Imeri
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rita Moos
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chryssa Zografou
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leyla Batkitar
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lidia Madrigal
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dezirae Schneider
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Trevisan
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Irina L. Dubach
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Catherine K. Xu
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Georg Meisl
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Vasilis Kosmoliaptsis
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tomas Malinauskas
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | | | - Ray Owens
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Stephanie Hatch
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, England
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gavin R. Screaton
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katharina Schubert
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John D. Huck
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Feimei Liu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Florence Pojer
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, EPFL SV PTECH PTPSP, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kelvin Lau
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, EPFL SV PTECH PTPSP, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Hacker
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, EPFL SV PTECH PTPSP, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Carlo Cervia
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lanja Saleh
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Spanaus
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Dominik J. Schaer
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nenad Ban
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ching-Ju Tsai
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5303 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Marino
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5303 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Gebhard F.X. Schertler
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5303 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Ebert
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Gottschalk
- Regional Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Beat M. Frey
- Regional Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Regina R. Reimann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Hornemann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aaron M. Ring
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tuomas P.J. Knowles
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Milo A. Puhan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian L. Althaus
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Xenarios
- Health2030 Genome Center, 9 Chemin des Mines, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Agora Center, University of Lausanne, 25 Avenue du Bugnon, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David I. Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Hosseini E, Minagar A, Ghasemzadeh M, Arabkhazaeli A, Ghasemzadeh A. HLA-E*01:01 + HLA-E*01:01 genotype confers less susceptibility to COVID-19, while HLA-E*01:03 + HLA-E*01:03 genotype is associated with more severe disease. Hum Immunol 2023; 84:263-271. [PMID: 36822912 PMCID: PMC9922572 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HLA-E interaction with inhibitory receptor, NKG2A attenuates NK-mediated cytotoxicity. NKG2A overexpression by SARS-CoV-2 exhausts NK cells function, whereas virus-induced down-regulation of MHC-Ia reduces its derived-leader sequence peptide levels required for proper binding of HLA-E to NKG2A. This leads HLA-E to become more complex with viral antigens and delivers them to CD8+ T cells, which facilitates cytolysis of infected cells. Now, the fact that alleles of HLA-E have different levels of expression and affinity for MHC Ia-derived peptide raises the question of whether HLA-E polymorphisms affect susceptibility to COVID-19 or its severity. METHODS 104 COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors with/without history of hospitalization and 18 blood donors with asymptomatic COVID-19, all were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody as well as a group of healthy control including 68 blood donors with negative antibody were subjected to HLA-E genotyping. As a privilege, individuals hadn't been vaccinated against COVID-19 and therefore naturally exposed to the SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS The absence of HLA-E*01:03 allele significantly decreases the odds of susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection [p = 0.044; OR (95 %CI) = 0.530 (0.286 - 0.983)], suggesting that HLA-E*01:01 + HLA-E*01:01 genotype favors more protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. HLA-E*01:03 + HLA-E*01:03 genotype was also significantly associated with more severe COVID-19 [p = 0.020; 2.606 (1.163 - 5.844) CONCLUSION: Here, our observation about lower susceptibility of HLA-E*01:01 + HLA-E*01:01 genotype to COVID-19 could be clinical evidence in support of some previous studies suggesting that the lower affinity of HLA-E*01:01 to peptides derived from the leader sequence of MHC class Ia may instead shift its binding to virus-derived peptides, which then facilitates target recognition by restricted conventional CD8+ T cells and leads to efficient cytolysis. On the other hand, according to other studies, less reactivity of HLA-E*01:01 with NKG2A abrogates NK cells or T cells inhibition, which may also lead to a greater cytotoxicity against SARS-CoV-2 infected cells compared to HLA-E*01:03. Taken together given HLA-E polymorphisms, the data presented here may be useful in identifying more vulnerable individuals to COVID-19 for better care and management. Especially since along with other risk factors in patients, having HLA-E*01:03 + HLA-E*01:03 genotype may also be associated with the possibility of severe cases of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehteramolsadat Hosseini
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arefeh Minagar
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Ghasemzadeh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Arabkhazaeli
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Ranjbar Kermani F, Arabkhazaeli A, Eshghi P, Maghsudlu M, Amini-Kafiabad S, Teimourpour A, Pourkarim MR. Estimate of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibodies prevalence among Iranian population based on blood donations: A serial cross-sectional study during the third wave of the pandemic. Transfus Clin Biol 2023; 30:123-129. [PMID: 36084918 PMCID: PMC9446593 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Iran is one of the countries that have been confronted with the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic since February 2020. This study aimed to determine the levels of specific IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among healthy blood donors to estimate the burden of the epidemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS A serial cross-sectional study was conducted on blood donors who referred to 31 main blood donation centers in different provinces during the third weeks of September, October, and November 2020. A questionnaire was filled out to collect socio-demographic characteristics, history of contact with COVID-19 patients, and history of COVID-19. A blood sample was collected from each participant to assess the antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using the ELISA method. The crude prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG was calculated. Then it was weighted based on the gender and age groups of the general population in each province and adjusted for test sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS During three time points of the study, 3840, 3697, and 3152 participants enrolled. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was 19.59% (17.18-22.00), 22.67% (20.70-24.65), and 32.63% (29.93-35.33) over the three rounds of the study. We found an association between the seropositivity and the highest educational level; AOR 0.76 (0.63-0.93), history of close contact with COVID-19 patients; AOR 1.69 (1.35-2.11), and history of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection; AOR 8.86 (5.38-14.60). CONCLUSION This study showed that about one-third of the population had been infected with COVID-19. Furthermore, a significant upward trend in seroprevalence was observed. The predisposing factors indicate the importance of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Ranjbar Kermani
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Arabkhazaeli
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Eshghi
- Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Maghsudlu
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sedigheh Amini-Kafiabad
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Teimourpour
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Pourkarim
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran; Health Policy Research Centre, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71348-45794, Shiraz 71348-54794, Iran; Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Gallian P, Slimani A, Malard L, Morel P, de Lamballerie X. Impact of vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence rate in French blood donors: An assessment as of July 2021. Transfus Clin Biol 2023; 30:25-26. [PMID: 35934226 PMCID: PMC9352401 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gallian
- Établissement français du Sang, La Plaine Saint Denis, France; Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207), Marseille, France.
| | - Ahmed Slimani
- Établissement Français du Sang Ile de France, Ivry sur Seine, France
| | - Lucile Malard
- Établissement français du Sang, La Plaine Saint Denis, France
| | - Pascal Morel
- Établissement français du Sang, La Plaine Saint Denis, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ – IRD 190 – Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
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16
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Strengers P, O'Brien SF, Politis C, Mayr W, Seifried E, Spencer BR. White paper on pandemic preparedness in the blood supply. Vox Sang 2023; 118:8-15. [PMID: 36427057 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In March 2020, the WHO declared the SARS-CoV-2 corona virus a pandemic which caused a great disruption to global society and had a pronounced effect on the worldwide supply of blood. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 2022 an on-line meeting was organised with experts from Austria, Canada, Germany, Greece, Netherlands and United States to explore the opportunities for increasing preparedness within blood systems for a potential future pandemic with similar, or more devastating, consequences. The main themes included the value of preparedness, current risks to the blood supply, supply chain vulnerabilities, and the role of innovation in increasing resiliency and safety. RESULTS Seven key recommendations were formulated and including required actions at different levels. CONCLUSION Although SARS-CoV-2 might be seen as a unique event, global health risks are expected to increase and will affect blood transfusion medicine if no preparedness plans are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Constantina Politis
- Department of Medicine, Athens University, Athens, Greece.,National Public Health Organization, Athens, Greece
| | - Wolfgang Mayr
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Vienna, Austria.,European Blood Alliance, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erhard Seifried
- European Blood Alliance, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,DRK Blutspendedienst, Frankfurt, Germany
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17
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Starkova OG, Ovchinnikova EN, Tikhomirov DS, Misko ON, Soldatova TA, Krylova AY, Ignatova EN, Tupoleva TA, Gaponova TV. Formation of collective immunity against a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in blood donors. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY AND TRANSFUSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.35754/0234-5730-2022-67-4-492-499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. The new coronavirus infection COVID-19, fi rst detected at the end of 2019 in the Chinese city of Wuhan, caused a worldwide pandemic. High mortality among people with chronic diseases, a high frequency of the severe form of the disease, and an unspecifi ed number of asymptomatic carriers are all causes for heavy burden on the healthcare system, including the blood bank service.Aim – to assess the SARS-CoV-2 antibody formation in blood donors.Materials and methods. The research included test results for 12,314 blood samples of donors who donated blood during 04.29.2020 – 08.04.2021 at the National Medical Research Center for Hematology (Russia). Anti-RBD-SARS IgG were tested by «SARS-CoV-2-IgG-ELISA», manufactured by the National Medical Research Center for Hematology, LLC «HEMA» (Russia).Results. Among 12,314 blood samples from donors, 3,219 (26.14 %) were positive for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Antibodies detection rate increased from 8.52 to 58.09 % during the observation period. For representative evaluation of donors’ anti-SARS antibodies growth profi le, the results of detection were analyzed within two-week periods (including holidays). This approach made it possible to avoid counting the same donor twice. In the profi le of the growth of collective immunity in donors, two periods were identifi ed: May – November 2020 and November 2020 – April 2021. The period of May – November 2020 proved no signifi cant change in antibodies detection in donors. Detection rate was stable at about 15 % (13.10–16.24 %). The second period, from November 2020 to April 2021, demonstrated sustainable growth of this parameter from 16.20 to 58.09 %. This is likely due to the start of the second wave of COVID-19 in Russia (starting from November 2020) and an active campaign for mass vaccination that started in December 2020. To assess the true rate of increase of specifi c immunity in donors, the frequency of primary detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in donors in relation to those donors in whom antibodies were detected earlier was analyzed. The contribution of cases of primary detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was wave-like and corresponded to the epidemiological situation.Conclusion. An increase in the frequency of detection of antiviral antibodies in gratuitous blood donors was found during the spread of the second wave of COVID-19 and the n the beginning of mass vaccination. The increase in the overall frequency of antibody detection was due to donors with newly and re-detected antibodies. The surge in the frequency of primary detection of antibodies in blood donors corresponded to the second wave of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - O. N. Misko
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology
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18
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SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in blood donors before and after the first wave in Catalonia (Spain). BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2022; 20:353-361. [PMID: 35175189 PMCID: PMC9480965 DOI: 10.2450/2022.0232-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a national lockdown was applied in Spain from March to May 2020. It is uncertain when SARS-CoV-2 started to circulate in Catalonia, and only a few cases were diagnosed in this period. We assessed the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in blood donors before and after the first wave and compared it with public health service (PHS) data. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective archive or prospective fresh blood samples were obtained from blood donors aged 18 to 70 and anonymized after demographic data had been recorded (gender, age, place of residence, blood collection date). Two CE-marked enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to test for anti-SARS-CoV-2. A SARS-CoV-2 IgM test was additionally performed in positive samples. Individuals aged 18 to 70 from among the general population diagnosed as having SARS-CoV-2 by the PHS were included for comparison with blood donor results. RESULTS A total of 10,170 blood donations were included in the first period, between 24 February and 9 March 2020, and 6,829 in the second period, between 16 May and 17 June 2020. The observed SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among blood donors rose from 0.27% (95% CI: 0.18-0.39) before the first wave to 5.55% (95% CI: 5.03-6.12) after it, and was even higher (6.90% [95% CI: 5.64-8.41]) among blood donors aged 18 to 29. The seroprevalence among blood donors was higher in more populated areas (Barcelona: 7.69%). A comparison of blood donor data with officially diagnosed cases showed a global 87.44% underestimation of SARS-CoV-2 in June 2020. DISCUSSION We analyzed the explosive 3-month increase in blood donor SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence (from 0.27% to 5.55%) and show that more than 87% of cases went undiagnosed, despite the unprecedented deployment of testing measures. SARS-CoV-2 IgM results suggest that the virus was circulating among blood donors in February 2020. Blood donors are definitively proven to be a valuable resource for emerging disease surveillance studies.
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19
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Sasanami M, Kayano T, Nishiura H. Monitoring the COVID-19 immune landscape in Japan. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 122:300-306. [PMID: 35688309 PMCID: PMC9173820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES COVID-19 vaccination in Japan started on February 17, 2021. Because the timing of vaccination and the risk of severe COVID-19 greatly varied with age, the present study aimed to monitor the age-specific fractions of the population who were immune to SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination. METHODS Natural infection remained extremely rare, accounting for less than 5% of the population by the end of 2021; thus, we ignored natural infection-induced immunity and focused on vaccine-induced immunity. We estimated the fraction of the population immune to infection by age group using vaccination registry data from February 17, 2021, to October 17, 2021. We accounted for two important sources of delay: (i) reporting delay and (ii) time from vaccination until immune protection develops. RESULTS At the end of the observation period, the proportion of individuals still susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection substantially varied by age and was estimated to be ≥90% among people aged 0-14 years, in contrast to approximately 20% among the population aged ≥65 years. We also estimated the effective reproduction number over time using a next-generation matrix while accounting for differences in the proportion immune to infection by age. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 immune landscape greatly varied by age, and a substantial proportion of young adults remained susceptible. Vaccination contributed to a marked decrease in the reproduction number.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hiroshi Nishiura
- Corresponding author: Hiroshi Nishiura, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Yoshida-Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8601, Japan Tel: +81 75 753 4456; Fax: +81 75 753 4458
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20
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Nourmohammadi H, Dehkordi AH, Adibi A, Amin Hashemipour SM, Abdan M, Fakhri M, Abdan Z, Sarokhani D. Seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Blood Donors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Virol 2022; 2022:9342680. [PMID: 35910542 PMCID: PMC9334089 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9342680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Determining the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in blood donors makes the control of virus circulation possible in healthy people and helps implement strategies to reduce virus transmission. The purpose of the study was to examine the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in blood donors using systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and Methods The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Google Scholar search engine were searched using standard keywords up to 2022-04-26. The variance of each study was calculated according to the binomial distribution. Studies were combined according to the sample size and variance. Q Cochrane test and I2 index were used to examine the heterogeneity of the studies. Data analysis was performed in STATA 14 software, and the significance level of the tests was P < 0.05. Results In the 28 papers examined with 227894 samples, the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in blood donors was 10% (95% CI: 9%, 11%), estimated 5% (95% CI: 4%, 7%) among men and 6% (95% CI: 4%, 7%) among women. This rate in different blood groups was as follows: A 12% (95% CI: 10%-14%), B 12% (95% CI: 10%-15%), AB 9% (95% CI: 7%-12%), and O 13% (95% CI: 11%-16%). The seroprevalence of COVID-19 in blood donors in North America 10%, Europe 7%, Asia 23%, South America 5%, and Africa was 4%; Moreover, the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies was estimated to be 23% (95% CI: 18%-29%) and IgM 29% (95% CI: 9%-49%). Conclusion The highest prevalence of COVID-19 serum in women blood donors was among blood group O and Asia. The seroprevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies was high too.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Hasanpour Dehkordi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amir Adibi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Abdan
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Moloud Fakhri
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Abdan
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Diana Sarokhani
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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21
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Hosseini MS, Jahanshahlou F, Mahmoodpoor A, Sanaie S, Naseri A, Kuchaki Rafsanjani M, Seyedi-Sahebari S, Vaez-Gharamaleki Y, ZehiSaadat M, Rahmanpour D. Pregnancy, peripartum, and COVID-19: An updated literature review. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Altayar MA, Jalal MM, Kabrah A, Qashqari FSI, Jalal NA, Faidah H, Baghdadi MA, Kabrah S. Prevalence and Association of Transfusion Transmitted Infections with ABO and Rh Blood Groups among Blood Donors in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia: A 7-Year Retrospective Analysis. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58070857. [PMID: 35888577 PMCID: PMC9323328 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at determining the prevalence estimate and association of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) with ABO and Rh blood groups among blood donors at the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSH & RC) in the western region of Saudi Arabia. A retrospective study was conducted at the blood bank center of KFSH and RC from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2019. Data on ABO and Rh blood group testing, serological testing, molecular investigations, serological assays, nucleic acid testing (NATs), and socio-demographic information were gathered. During the study period, there were 959,431 blood donors at the KFSH and RC. The overall 7-year cumulative prevalence estimate of blood transfusion-transmitted infections among blood donors was low at 7.93%, with an average prevalence estimate of 0.66%. Donors with the O blood group, the O RhD +ve blood group, in particular, were more at risk of developing TTIs, whereas donors with the AB blood group, the AB RhD −ve blood group, in particular, were at the lowest risk of developing TTIs. In total, 96.9% of the blood donors were males (n = 916,567). Almost half of the blood donors belong to the O blood group (49.4%). A total of 861,279 (91.0%) donors were found to be RhD positive. The percentages of TTIs were found to be higher in RhD +ve donors compared with RhD −ve donors. The prevalence estimate of the hemoglobin C (HbC) infection was the most common TTI among the blood donors being 3.97%, followed by malaria being 2.21%. The least prevalence estimate of TTI in the present study was for NAT HIV being 0.02%. Significant associations were observed between RhD +ve and RhD −ve among the malaria-infected donors (A: χ2 = 26.618, p = 0.001; AB: χ2 = 23.540, p = 0.001; B: χ2 = 5.419, p = 0.020; O: χ2 = 68.701, p = 0.001). The current 7-year retrospective study showed a low level of TTIs among blood donors. However, we urge that more research encompassing the entire country be conducted in order to obtain more representative results in terms of the prevalence estimate and association of transfusion-transmitted infections with ABO and Rh blood groups in communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik A. Altayar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (M.M.J.)
| | - Mohammed M. Jalal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (M.M.J.)
| | - Ahmed Kabrah
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fadi S. I. Qashqari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (F.S.I.Q.); (N.A.J.); (H.F.)
| | - Naif A. Jalal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (F.S.I.Q.); (N.A.J.); (H.F.)
| | - Hani Faidah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (F.S.I.Q.); (N.A.J.); (H.F.)
| | - Mohammed A. Baghdadi
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH & RC), Jeddah 23431, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saeed Kabrah
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-508009555
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23
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Quee FA, Spekman MLC, Prinsze FJ, Ramondt S, Huis in ’t Veld EMJ, Hurk K, Merz E. Blood donor motivators during the
COVID
‐19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF PHILANTHROPY AND MARKETING 2022. [PMCID: PMC9348007 DOI: 10.1002/nvsm.1757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
While donating blood during the COVID‐19 pandemic offers individuals a possibility to contribute to their community, donation also exposes donors to additional risks, as physical distancing is impossible during a donation. This study explored what motivated blood and plasma donors in the Netherlands to donate during the COVID‐19 pandemic, in order to identify potential focus points for donor recruitment in future crises. In total, 3175 of the invited 7286 donors who donated between 1 and 14 April 2020 participated in an online questionnaire including questions about motivations for blood donation. Motivations for blood donation were compared among donation types, sexes, age groups, and regions. Respondents consisted of 10.6% new, 18.9% whole blood, and 70.5% plasma donors. About 80% of all donors indicated wanting to help COVID‐19 patients. Particularly whole blood donors were motivated by a call for donations (90.8%). Plasma donors more often hoped to get tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies than new and whole blood donors. Older donors (aged ≥40) more often reported hoping to get tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies, wanting to help COVID‐19 patients, and thinking that getting infected during the donation process was impossible. Younger donors (aged ≤39) more often indicated that getting out of the house and not having to go to work motivated them to donate. Donors mainly had pro‐social motivations to donate during the COVID‐19 pandemic, as helping COVID‐19 patients was the most important motivator. This shows the promise of explicitly expressing need in times of crisis, for blood banks in particular and philanthropic organizations in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franke A. Quee
- Donor Studies, Department of Donor Medicine Research Sanquin Research Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Marloes L. C. Spekman
- Donor Studies, Department of Donor Medicine Research Sanquin Research Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Femmeke J. Prinsze
- Donor Studies, Department of Donor Medicine Research Sanquin Research Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Steven Ramondt
- Donor Studies, Department of Donor Medicine Research Sanquin Research Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Communication Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M. J. Huis in ’t Veld
- Donor Studies, Department of Donor Medicine Research Sanquin Research Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence Tilburg University Tilburg The Netherlands
| | - Katja Hurk
- Donor Studies, Department of Donor Medicine Research Sanquin Research Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Eva‐Maria Merz
- Donor Studies, Department of Donor Medicine Research Sanquin Research Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Sociology Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
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24
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Stone M, Grebe E, Sulaeman H, Di Germanio C, Dave H, Kelly K, Biggerstaff BJ, Crews BO, Tran N, Jerome KR, Denny TN, Hogema B, Destree M, Jones JM, Thornburg N, Simmons G, Krajden M, Kleinman S, Dumont LJ, Busch MP. Evaluation of Commercially Available High-Throughput SARS-CoV-2 Serologic Assays for Serosurveillance and Related Applications. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:672-683. [PMID: 35202525 PMCID: PMC8888213 DOI: 10.3201/eid2803.211885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serosurveys can estimate cumulative incidence for monitoring epidemics, requiring assessment of serologic assays to inform testing algorithm development and interpretation of results. We conducted a multilaboratory evaluation of 21 commercial high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 serologic assays using blinded panels of 1,000 highly characterized specimens. Assays demonstrated a range of sensitivities (96%–63%), specificities (99%–96%), and precision (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.55–0.99). Durability of antibody detection was dependent on antigen and immunoglobulin targets; antispike and total Ig assays demonstrated more stable longitudinal reactivity than antinucleocapsid and IgG assays. Assays with high sensitivity, specificity, and durable antibody detection are ideal for serosurveillance, but assays demonstrating waning reactivity are appropriate for other applications, including correlation with neutralizing activity and detection of anamnestic boosting by reinfections. Assay performance must be evaluated in context of intended use, particularly in the context of widespread vaccination and circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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25
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Piler P, Thon V, Andrýsková L, Doležel K, Kostka D, Pavlík T, Dušek L, Pikhart H, Bobák M, Matic S, Klánová J. Nationwide increases in anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies between October 2020 and March 2021 in the unvaccinated Czech population. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:19. [PMID: 35603283 PMCID: PMC9053194 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the nationwide prospective seroconversion (PROSECO) study was to investigate the dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the Czech population. Here we report on baseline prevalence from that study. Methods The study included the first 30,054 persons who provided a blood sample between October 2020 and March 2021. Seroprevalence was compared between calendar periods, previous RT-PCR results and other factors. Results The data show a large increase in seropositivity over time, from 28% in October/November 2020 to 43% in December 2020/January 2021 to 51% in February/March 2021. These trends were consistent with government data on cumulative viral antigenic prevalence in the population captured by PCR testing - although the seroprevalence rates established in this study were considerably higher. There were only minor differences in seropositivity between sexes, age groups and BMI categories, and results were similar between test providing laboratories. Seropositivity was substantially higher among persons with history of symptoms (76% vs. 34%). At least one third of all seropositive participants had no history of symptoms, and 28% of participants with antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 never underwent PCR testing. Conclusions Our data confirm the rapidly increasing prevalence in the Czech population during the rising pandemic wave prior to the beginning of vaccination. The difference between our results on seroprevalence and PCR testing suggests that antibody response provides a better marker of past infection than the routine testing program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Piler
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Thon
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Andrýsková
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Doležel
- QualityLab Association, Evropská 846/176a, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Kostka
- grid.436106.6Health Insurance Company of the Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic, Vinohradská 2577/178, 130 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Pavlík
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic ,grid.486651.80000 0001 2231 0366Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Palackého náměstí 4, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Dušek
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic ,grid.486651.80000 0001 2231 0366Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Palackého náměstí 4, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, 1 – 19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Martin Bobák
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, 1 – 19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Srdan Matic
- World Health Organization (WHO), Country Office in the Czech Republic, Rytířská 31, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
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Chaves DG, Takahashi RHC, Campelo F, da Silva Malta MCF, de Oliveira IR, Barbosa-Stancioli EF, Ribeiro MA, Martins ML. SARS-CoV-2 IgG Seroprevalence among Blood Donors as a Monitor of the COVID-19 Epidemic, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:734-742. [PMID: 35180375 PMCID: PMC8962887 DOI: 10.3201/eid2804.211961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During epidemics, data from different sources can provide information on varying aspects of the epidemic process. Serology-based epidemiologic surveys could be used to compose a consistent epidemic scenario. We assessed the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG in serum samples collected from 7,837 blood donors in 7 cities of Brazil during March–December 2020. Based on our results, we propose a modification in a compartmental model that uses reported number of SARS-CoV-2 cases and serology results from blood donors as inputs and delivers estimates of hidden variables, such as daily values of SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates and cumulative incidence rate of reported and unreported SARS-CoV-2 cases. We concluded that the information about cumulative incidence of a disease in a city’s population can be obtained by testing serum samples collected from blood donors. Our proposed method also can be extended to surveillance of other infectious diseases.
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Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and knowledge, attitude and practice toward COVID-19 in the Republic of Srpska-Bosnia & Herzegovina: A population-based study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262738. [PMID: 35089944 PMCID: PMC8797215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and to analyse the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the population toward COVID-19. This population-based study was conducted in a group of 1,855 randomly selected individuals from all municipalities from 1 December 2020 to 15 January 2021. All individuals were asked to sign a consent form and to fill in a questionnaire, following which a blood samples were collected. Total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were determined in serum specimens using the total Ab ELISA assay. The overall seroprevalence rate was 40.3%. Subjects aged <65 years were 2.06 times more likely to be seropositive than those aged ≥65, and 30% of seropositive individuals presented no COVID-19 symptoms. The household members of seropositive individuals were 2.24 times more likely to develop COVID-19 symptoms than the household members of seronegative individuals. More than 95% of respondents believe that preventive measures are very important to control the infection transmission. Majority of respondents wear the masks properly, maintain the required physical distance whenever possible and wash hands with soap. Nearly 50% of individuals were of the opinion that the vaccine could prevent the infection. This study showed that an overall SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity rate by the middle of January 2021 was very high. Attitudes and practices regarding the COVID-19 indicate that additional efforts should be taken in order to improve the health education with a focus on preventive measures and vaccination.
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Kale P, Patel N, Gupta E, Bajpai M. SARS-Coronavirus-2 seroprevalence in asymptomatic healthy blood donors: Indicator of community spread. Transfus Apher Sci 2022; 61:103293. [PMID: 34686444 PMCID: PMC8516133 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2021.103293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS -Corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a major concern the world over. Serological surveillance is an important tool to assess the spread of infection in the community. This study attempted to assess the prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among blood donors in Delhi, India during the pre-vaccination period. METHODS Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV2-2 IgG antibodies were determined in blood donors reporting to the Department of Transfusion medicine at a tertiary care hepatobiliary center, in India from September to October 2020. The SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies against spike subunit 1 protein were measured using the enhanced chemiluminescence method. RESULTS A total of 1066 blood donors were screened. The overall seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was 27.57 % (294/1066). The highest seropositivity was seen in the age group 26-35 years, 46.6 % (137/492), followed by 18-25 years, 28.2 % (83/260), 36-45 years, 19.4 % (57/244), and more than 45 years, 5.8 % (17/70). The seropositivity in the donors who had donated blood previously was 26.1 % (189/723). There was no statistically significant difference amongst seroprevalence in the blood groups, AB blood group (32.6 %, 95 % CI 23.02-43.3), group B (27.2 %, 95 % CI 22.8-32.09 %), group A (27.1 %, 95 % CI 21.8-32.9 %), and group O (27.02 %, 95 % CI 22.3-32.1 %) (p 0.539). CONCLUSIONS There was significantly higher seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the voluntary healthy blood donors indicating community spread and large number of asymptomatic cases in Delhi. Higher seroprevalence in younger adults indicated increased exposure to the virus and lack of COVID appropriate behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Kale
- Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, India
| | - Niharika Patel
- Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, India
| | - Ekta Gupta
- Clinical Virology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, India
| | - Meenu Bajpai
- Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, India.
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Zhao Y, Fang X, Yu H, Fu Y, Zhao Y. Universal Exponential Amplification Confers Multilocus Detection of Mutation-Prone Virus. Anal Chem 2022; 94:927-933. [PMID: 34983181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Instrument for Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxing Fang
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Instrument for Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Huahang Yu
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Instrument for Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Youlan Fu
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Instrument for Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yongxi Zhao
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Instrument for Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
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Moya Rios do Vale N, Roche Moreira Latini F, Prisco Arnoni C, Martins Parreira R, Batista Castelo Girão MJ, Pereira Cortez AJ, Carvalho de Souza Bonetti T. Increasing rate of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies between the first and second waves of COVID-19 in São Paulo, Brazil: A cross-sectional blood donors-based study. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022; 77:100016. [PMID: 35272203 PMCID: PMC8853752 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 infections rapidly spread along with Brazilian territory with heterogeneous transmission and mortality rates, mostly depending on region and period. Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is an important tool to understand virus circulation. Given that blood donors are a representative casuistic of a healthy population, the authors evaluated the seroprevalence of IgG and IgM COVID-19 antibodies in 2,806 blood donors from a blood bank located in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS Aiming to evaluate viral behavior over time, the authors selected samples from blood donors who donated in June and October 2020, and February 2021. To determine whether socio-demographic features affected the seroprevalence, the authors analyzed samples from three different regions from São Paulo (capital, metropolitan and countryside regions) and evaluated predictors as gender, age, educational level, race, and use of public transportation. RESULTS As expected, the authors observed that seroprevalence increased over time. Seroprevalence was greater in São Paulo city compared to metropolitan and countryside regions, being smallest in the countryside. Characteristics associated with a lower percentage of antibodies were age above 50 years, higher educational level, self-declared Caucasian, and use of individual transportation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, blood donors' samples proved to accurately reflect virus circulation in the healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Moya Rios do Vale
- Colsan ‒ Associação Beneficente de Coleta de Sangue, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Ginecologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Manoel João Batista Castelo Girão
- Colsan ‒ Associação Beneficente de Coleta de Sangue, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Ginecologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Piler P, Thon V, Andrýsková L, Doležel K, Kostka D, Pavlík T, Dušek L, Pikhart H, Bobák M, Matic S, Klánová J. Nationwide increases in anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies between October 2020 and March 2021 in the unvaccinated Czech population. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022. [PMID: 35603283 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00080-0.pmid:35603283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the nationwide prospective seroconversion (PROSECO) study was to investigate the dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the Czech population. Here we report on baseline prevalence from that study. METHODS The study included the first 30,054 persons who provided a blood sample between October 2020 and March 2021. Seroprevalence was compared between calendar periods, previous RT-PCR results and other factors. RESULTS The data show a large increase in seropositivity over time, from 28% in October/November 2020 to 43% in December 2020/January 2021 to 51% in February/March 2021. These trends were consistent with government data on cumulative viral antigenic prevalence in the population captured by PCR testing - although the seroprevalence rates established in this study were considerably higher. There were only minor differences in seropositivity between sexes, age groups and BMI categories, and results were similar between test providing laboratories. Seropositivity was substantially higher among persons with history of symptoms (76% vs. 34%). At least one third of all seropositive participants had no history of symptoms, and 28% of participants with antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 never underwent PCR testing. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm the rapidly increasing prevalence in the Czech population during the rising pandemic wave prior to the beginning of vaccination. The difference between our results on seroprevalence and PCR testing suggests that antibody response provides a better marker of past infection than the routine testing program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Piler
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Thon
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Andrýsková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Doležel
- QualityLab Association, Evropská 846/176a, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Kostka
- Health Insurance Company of the Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic, Vinohradská 2577/178, 130 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Pavlík
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Palackého náměstí 4, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Dušek
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Palackého náměstí 4, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, 1 - 19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Martin Bobák
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, 1 - 19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Srdan Matic
- World Health Organization (WHO), Country Office in the Czech Republic, Rytířská 31, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
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Saeed S, Uzicanin S, Lewin A, Lieshout-Krikke R, Faddy H, Erikstrup C, Osiowy C, Seed CR, Steele WR, Davison K, Custer B, O'Brien SF. Current challenges of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 seroprevalence studies among blood donors: A scoping review. Vox Sang 2021; 117:476-487. [PMID: 34862614 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Blood donors are increasingly being recognized as an informative resource for surveillance. We aimed to review severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 seroprevalence studies conducted among blood donors to investigate methodological biases and provide guidance for future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed and preprint publications between January 2020 and January 2021. Two reviewers used standardized forms to extract seroprevalence estimates and data on methodology pertaining to population sampling, periodicity, assay characteristics, and antibody kinetics. National data on cumulative incidence and social distancing policies were extracted from publicly available sources and summarized. RESULTS Thirty-three studies representing 1,323,307 blood donations from 20 countries worldwide were included (sample sizes ranged from 22 to 953,926 donations). The majority of the studies (79%) reported seroprevalence rates <10% (ranging from 0% to 76% [after adjusting for waning antibodies]). Overall, less than 1 in 5 studies reported standardized seroprevalence rates to reflect the demographics of the general population. Stratification by age and sex were most common (64% of studies), followed by region (48%). A total of 52% of studies reported seroprevalence at a single time point. Overall, 27 unique assay combinations were identified, 55% of studies used a single assay and only 39% adjusted seroprevalence rates for imperfect test characteristics. Among the nationally representative studies, case detection was most underrepresented in Kenya (1:1264). CONCLUSION By the end of 2020, seroprevalence rates were far from reaching herd immunity. In addition to differences in community transmission and diverse public health policies, study designs and methodology were likely contributing factors to seroprevalence heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Saeed
- Epidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samra Uzicanin
- Epidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antoine Lewin
- Surveillance and Biological Risk Assessment, Héma-Québec, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ryanne Lieshout-Krikke
- Department of Medical Affairs, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helen Faddy
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carla Osiowy
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Clive R Seed
- Donor and Product Safety Policy Unit, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Whitney R Steele
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Group, Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Katy Davison
- NHS Blood and Transplant/Public Health England Epidemiology Unit, London, UK
| | - Brian Custer
- Research and Scientific Programs, Vitalant, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sheila F O'Brien
- Epidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Butler D, Coyne D, Pomeroy L, Williams P, Holder P, Carterson A, Field S, Waters A, O'Flaherty N. Confirmed circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in Irish blood donors prior to first national notification of infection. J Clin Virol 2021; 146:105045. [PMID: 34861600 PMCID: PMC8612762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2021.105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Blood donor studies offer a unique opportunity to screen healthy populations for the presence of antibodies to emerging infections. We describe the use of blood donor specimens to track the ‘first-wave’ of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland. Methodology A random selection of donor samples received by the Irish Blood Transfusion Service (IBTS) between February and September 2020 (n = 8,509) were screened by multiple commercial SARs-CoV-2 antibody assays. The antibody detection rate was adjusted to the population to determine the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Ireland. Results SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection rose significantly during the first peak of COVID-19 infection, increasing from 0.3% in March, to 2.9% in April (p < 0.0001, The first SARS-CoV-2 antibody positive donor samples were collected on the 17th February 2020, 2 weeks prior to the first official notification. This is the earliest serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 circulating in the Irish population. Our results also show a significantly higher antibody prevalence in the Capital city and in donors less than 40 years of age. Conclusions The present study demonstrates evidence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody reactivity across all age groups and counties. The critical value of blood donor seroprevalence studies is apparent in this report which identified the earliest serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Ireland, as well as documenting the evolution of COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dearbhla Butler
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, National Blood Centre, James's Street, Dublin, D08 NH5R, Ireland
| | - Dermot Coyne
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, National Blood Centre, James's Street, Dublin, D08 NH5R, Ireland
| | - Louise Pomeroy
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, National Blood Centre, James's Street, Dublin, D08 NH5R, Ireland
| | - Pádraig Williams
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, National Blood Centre, James's Street, Dublin, D08 NH5R, Ireland
| | - Paul Holder
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Alex Carterson
- Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott park road, Abbott park, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Stephen Field
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, National Blood Centre, James's Street, Dublin, D08 NH5R, Ireland; School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Allison Waters
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, National Blood Centre, James's Street, Dublin, D08 NH5R, Ireland
| | - Niamh O'Flaherty
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, National Blood Centre, James's Street, Dublin, D08 NH5R, Ireland; National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Zhou L, Li C, Yang H, Yuan H, Pan M, Cheng X, Xiao C, Su X, Zhu Y, Xu J, Tang J, Du X, Peng H, Chen X, Huang T, Liao H, Xian D, Wang H, Liu W, Zhou P, Zhang Z, Liu J, Wu X, Zhang T. SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence and Profiles Among Convalescents in Sichuan Province, China. Front Public Health 2021; 9:716483. [PMID: 34765580 PMCID: PMC8577692 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.716483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To explore and understand the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence of convalescents, the association between antibody levels and demographic factors, and the seroepidemiology of convalescents of COVID-19 till March 2021. Methods: We recruited 517 voluntary COVID-19 convalescents in Sichuan Province and collected 1,707 serum samples till March 2021. Then we reported the seroprevalence and analyzed the associated factors. Results: Recent travel history was associated with IgM levels. Convalescents who had recent travel history were less likely to be IgM antibody negative [OR = 0.232, 95% CI: (0.128, 0.420)]. Asymptomatic cases had, approximately, twice the odds of being IgM antibody negative compared with symptomatic cases [OR = 2.583, 95% CI: (1.554, 4.293)]. Participants without symptoms were less likely to be IgG seronegative than those with symptoms [OR = 0.511, 95% CI: (0.293, 0.891)]. Convalescents aged 40–59 were less likely to be IgG seronegative than those aged below 20 [OR = 0.364, 95% CI: (0.138, 0.959)]. The duration of positive IgM antibodies persisted 365 days while the IgG persisted more than 399 days. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that recent travel history might be associated with the antibody levels of IgM, while age could be associated with the antibody levels of IgG. Infection type could be associated with both antibody levels of IgM and IgG that declined quicker in asymptomatic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhou
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Huiping Yang
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Heng Yuan
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Pan
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuwei Cheng
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongkun Xiao
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Su
- Lu County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuanfang Zhu
- Gulin County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianan Xu
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianxiang Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xunbo Du
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Huanwen Peng
- Dazhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dazhou, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Nanchong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchong, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Guangan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangan, China
| | - Hongxiu Liao
- Panzhihua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Panzhihua, China
| | - Deqiang Xian
- Luzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Luzhou, China
| | - HaoZhou Wang
- Mianyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mianyang, China
| | - Wenwu Liu
- Suining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suining, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Yibin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yibin, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Neijiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Neijiang, China
| | - Xianping Wu
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
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Kaspersen KA, Hindhede L, Boldsen JK, Mikkelsen S, Vestergaard LS, Berthelsen ASN, Moustsen-Helms IR, Holm DK, Nilsson AC, Sækmose SG, Sørensen E, Harritshøj LH, Aagaard B, Hjalgrim H, Lillevang ST, Jørgensen CS, Krause TG, Ullum H, Pedersen OBV, Ostrowski SR, Erikstrup C. Estimation of SARS-CoV-2 infection fatality rate by age and comorbidity status using antibody screening of blood donors during the COVID-19 epidemic in Denmark. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:219-228. [PMID: 34788834 PMCID: PMC8689980 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies presenting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection fatality rate (IFR) for healthy individuals are warranted. We estimate IFR by age and comorbidity status using data from a large serosurvey among Danish blood donors and nationwide data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality. Methods Danish blood donors aged 17–69 years donating blood October 2020–February 2021 were tested with a commercial SARS-CoV-2 total antibody assay. IFR was estimated for weeks 11 to 42, 2020 and week 43, 2020 to week 6, 2021, representing the first 2 waves of COVID-19 epidemic in Denmark. Results In total, 84944 blood donors were tested for antibodies. The seroprevalence was 2% in October 2020 and 7% in February 2021. Among 3898039 Danish residents aged 17–69 years, 249 deaths were recorded. The IFR was low for people <51 years without comorbidity during the 2 waves (combined IFR=3.36 per 100000 infections). The IFR was below 3‰ for people aged 61–69 years without comorbidity. IFR increased with age and comorbidity but declined from the first to second wave. Conclusions In this nationwide study, the IFR was very low among people <51 years without comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Agergård Kaspersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lotte Hindhede
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jens Kjærgaard Boldsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Susan Mikkelsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Dorte Kinggaard Holm
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | | | | | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Lene Holm Harritshøj
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Bitten Aagaard
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hjalgrim
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Søren Thue Lillevang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Sværke Jørgensen
- Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Tyra Grove Krause
- Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | | | - Ole Birger Vestager Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Naestved, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Fisher M, Levy H, Fatelevich E, Afrimov Y, Ben-Shmuel A, Rosenfeld R, Noy-Porat T, Glinert I, Sittner A, Biber A, Belkin A, Bar-David E, Puni R, Levy I, Mazor O, Weiss S, Mechaly A. A Serological Snapshot of COVID-19 Initial Stages in Israel by a 6-Plex Antigen Array. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0087021. [PMID: 34612689 PMCID: PMC8510178 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00870-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The first case of SARS-CoV-2 was discovered in Israel in late February 2020. Three major outbreaks followed, resulting in over 800,000 cases and over 6,000 deaths by April 2021. Our aim was characterization of a serological snapshot of Israeli patients and healthy adults in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Sera from 55 symptomatic COVID-19 patients and 146 healthy subjects (early-pandemic, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR [qRT-PCR]-negative), collected in Israel between March and April 2020, were screened for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies, using a 6-plex antigen microarray presenting the whole inactivated virus and five viral antigens: a stabilized version of the spike ectodomain (S2P), spike subunit 1 (S1), receptor-binding-domain (RBD), N-terminal-domain (NTD), and nucleocapsid (NC). COVID-19 patients, 4 to 40 days post symptom onset, presented specific IgG to all of the viral antigens (6/6) in 54 of the 55 samples (98% sensitivity). Specific IgM and IgA antibodies for all six antigens were detected in only 10% (5/55) and 4% (2/55) of the patients, respectively, suggesting that specific IgG is a superior serological marker for COVID-19. None of the qRT-PCR-negative sera reacted with all six viral antigens (100% specificity), and 48% (70/146) were negative throughout the panel. Our findings confirm a low seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the Israeli adult population prior to the COVID-19 outbreak. We further suggest that the presence of low-level cross-reacting antibodies in naive individuals calls for a combined, multiantigen analysis for accurate discrimination between naive and exposed individuals. IMPORTANCE A 6-plex protein array presenting the whole inactivated virus and five nucleocapsid and spike-derived SARS-CoV-2 antigens was used to generate a serological snapshot of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and seroconversion in Israel in the early months of the pandemic. Our findings confirm a very low seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the Israeli adult population. We further propose that the presence of low-level nonspecific antibodies in naive individuals calls for a combined, multiantigen analysis for accurate discrimination between naive and exposed individuals enabling accurate determination of seroconversion. The developed assay is currently applied to evaluate immune responses to the Israeli vaccine during human phase I/II trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morly Fisher
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Haim Levy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Ella Fatelevich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Yafa Afrimov
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Amir Ben-Shmuel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Ronit Rosenfeld
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Tal Noy-Porat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Itai Glinert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Assa Sittner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Asaf Biber
- Sheba Medical Center and the Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Ana Belkin
- Sheba Medical Center and the Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Elad Bar-David
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Reut Puni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Itzchak Levy
- Sheba Medical Center and the Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Ohad Mazor
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Shay Weiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Adva Mechaly
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
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37
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Keuning MW, Grobben M, de Groen AEC, Berman-de Jong EP, Bijlsma MW, Cohen S, Felderhof M, de Groof F, Molanus D, Oeij N, Rijpert M, van Eijk HWM, Koen G, van der Straten K, Oomen M, Visser R, Linty F, Steenhuis M, Vidarsson G, Rispens T, Plötz FB, van Gils MJ, Pajkrt D. Saliva SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Prevalence in Children. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0073121. [PMID: 34523985 PMCID: PMC8557814 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00731-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 patients produce circulating and mucosal antibodies. In adults, specific saliva antibodies have been detected. Nonetheless, seroprevalence is routinely investigated, while little attention has been paid to mucosal antibodies. We therefore assessed SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody prevalence in serum and saliva in children in the Netherlands. We assessed SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in serum and saliva of 517 children attending medical services in the Netherlands (irrespective of COVID-19 exposure) from April to October 2020. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S), receptor binding domain (RBD), and nucleocapsid (N)-specific IgG and IgA were evaluated with an exploratory Luminex assay in serum and saliva and with the Wantai SARS-CoV-2 RBD total antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum. Using the Wantai assay, the RBD-specific antibody prevalence in serum was 3.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]. 1.9 to 5.3%). With the Luminex assay, we detected heterogeneity between antibodies for S, RBD, and N antigens, as IgG and IgA prevalence ranged between 3.6 and 4.6% in serum and between 0 and 4.4% in saliva. The Luminex assay also revealed differences between serum and saliva, with SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG present in saliva but not in serum for 1.5 to 2.7% of all children. Using multiple antigen assays, the IgG prevalence for at least two out of three antigens (S, RBD, or N) in serum or saliva can be calculated as 3.8% (95% CI, 2.3 to 5.6%). Our study displays the heterogeneity of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in children and emphasizes the additional value of saliva antibody detection and the combined use of different antigens. IMPORTANCE Comprehending humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2, including in children, is crucial for future public health and vaccine strategies. Others have suggested that mucosal antibody measurement could be an important and more convenient tool to evaluate humoral immunity compared to circulating antibodies. Nonetheless, seroprevalence is routinely investigated, while little attention has been paid to mucosal antibodies. We show the heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, in terms of both antigen specificity and differences between circulating and mucosal antibodies, emphasizing the additional value of saliva antibody detection next to detection of antibodies in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya W. Keuning
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, & Immunology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Grobben
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Elise C. de Groen
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, & Immunology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline P. Berman-de Jong
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merijn W. Bijlsma
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariet Felderhof
- Department of Pediatrics, Flevoziekenhuis, Almere, The Netherlands
| | - Femke de Groof
- Department of Pediatrics, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Molanus
- Department of Pediatrics, Amstellandziekenhuis, Amstelveen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Oeij
- Department of Pediatrics, Amstellandziekenhuis, Amstelveen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Rijpert
- Department of Pediatrics, Zaans Medisch Centrum, Zaandam, The Netherlands
| | - Hetty W. M. van Eijk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Koen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karlijn van der Straten
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa Oomen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Visser
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Federica Linty
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice Steenhuis
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans B. Plötz
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum, The Netherlands
| | - Marit J. van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dasja Pajkrt
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, & Immunology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bouwman M, van Osch F, Crijns F, Trienekens T, Mehagnoul-Schipper J, van den Bergh JP, de Vries J. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in healthcare workers of a teaching hospital in a highly endemic region in the Netherlands after the first wave: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e051573. [PMID: 34663664 PMCID: PMC8523962 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate among hospital healthcare workers after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, and provide more knowledge in the understanding of the relationship between infection, symptomatology and source of infection. DESIGN A cross-sectional study in healthcare workers. SETTING Northern Limburg, the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS All employees of VieCuri Medical Center (n=3300) were invited to enrol in current study. In total 2507 healthcare workers participated. INTERVENTION Between 22 June 2020 and 3 July 2020, participants provided venous blood samples voluntarily, which were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with the Wantai SARS-CoV-2 Ig total ELISA test. Work characteristics, exposure risks and prior symptoms consistent with COVID-19 were gathered through a survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Proportion of healthcare workers with positive SARS-CoV-2 serology. RESULTS The overall seroprevalence was 21.1% (n=530/2507). Healthcare workers between 17 and 30 years were more likely to have SARS-CoV-2 antibodies compared with participants >30 years. The probability of having SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was comparable for healthcare workers with and without direct patient (OR 1.42, 95% CI 0.86 to 2.34) and COVID-19 patient contact (OR 1.62, 95% CI 0.80 to 3.33). On the contrary, exposure to COVID-19 positive coworkers (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.93) and household members (OR 6.09, 95% CI 2.23 to 16.64) was associated with seropositivity. Of those healthcare workers with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, 16% (n=85/530) had not experienced any prior COVID-19-related symptoms. Only fever and anosmia were associated with seropositivity (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.42 to 2.55 and OR 10.51, 95% CI 7.86 to 14.07). CONCLUSIONS Healthcare workers caring for hospitalised COVID-19 patients were not at an increased risk of infection, most likely as a result of taking standard infection control measures into consideration. These data show that compliance with infection control measures is essential to control secondary transmission and constrain the spread of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Bouwman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Frits van Osch
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands
- Maastricht University, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Francy Crijns
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Thera Trienekens
- Department of Medical Microbiology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joop P van den Bergh
- Maastricht University, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke de Vries
- Department of Medical Microbiology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands
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39
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Elnasser Z, Obeidat H, Amarin Z, Alrabadi N, Jaradat A, Alomarat D, BaniSalem M, Almomani R. Prevalence of COVID-19 among blood donors: The Jordan University of Science and Technology experience. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27537. [PMID: 34731151 PMCID: PMC8519210 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, had health and economic results that profoundly affected communities worldwide. Investigating the seroprevalence of SARS-Cov-2 in blood donors is of a significant clinical and scientific value as it adds to knowledge about local herd immunity levels.To study the prevalence of SARS-Cov-2 infection among blood donors at a tertiary referral hospital in the north of Jordan.This is a prospective study that included all blood donors between September 2020 and March 2021. Donors' IgG antibodies were qualitatively immunoassayed to determine the antibody status against SARS-CoV-2. The Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 technique was utilized.One thousand samples were tested by total antibody against SARS-CoV-2. The median age was 29 years, 96.7% were males. The seroprevalence was 14.5%, and 80% of the positive participants did not report previous COVID-19 infection. The seroprevalence of COVID-19 antibodies was less among smokers and those with an O blood group and higher among donors with an AB blood group.The prevalence of COVID-19 among healthy young blood donors at a tertiary teaching health facility in the north of Jordan was 14.5%. Smokers and those with an O blood group were less likely to be seropositive, as opposed to donors with an AB blood group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Elnasser
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Haneen Obeidat
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Zouhair Amarin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nasr Alrabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdullah Jaradat
- Department of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Du’a Alomarat
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mo’ath BaniSalem
- Department of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Randa Almomani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, Jordan
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40
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Mioch D, Kuiper S, van den Bijllaardt W, van Jaarsveld CHM, Kluytmans J, Lodder E, Wissing MD. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in employees working in non-medical contact-intensive professions in the Netherlands: Baseline data from the prospective COco-study. Prev Med Rep 2021; 24:101594. [PMID: 34642617 PMCID: PMC8498780 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has made a global impact since early 2020, requiring characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, including transmission risk. The COco-study aims to evaluate the risk for COVID-19 infections in two non-medical contact-intensive professions. COco is a prospective cohort study evaluating SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in hairdressers and hospitality personnel in the province of North-Brabant in the Netherlands, using a total antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Baseline data from June/July 2020 were analyzed. Participants filled out a questionnaire, providing information on demographics, health, work situation, and risk factors for COVID-19. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using logistic regression. In June/July 2020, 497 participants were enrolled: 236 hairdressers, 259 hospitality employees, and two participants worked in both industries. Hospitality staff was more frequently seropositive than hairdressers (14.2% versus 8.0%, respectively; OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.4). Furthermore, a high education level (OR 3.0, 95% CI: 1.7-5.6) and increased alcohol use (OR, 7 glasses per week increment: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1-1.5) were associated with seropositivity. Of the 56 seropositive participants, 18 (32%) had not experienced any COVID-19 symptoms. The symptoms anosmia/ageusia differed most evidently between seropositive and seronegative participants (53.6% versus 5.7%, respectively; P < 0.001 (chi-squared test)). In conclusion, four months after the first identified COVID-19 patient in the Netherlands, employees in the hospitality industry had significantly more frequently detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies than hairdressers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dymphie Mioch
- Regional Public Health Service (GGD) of West-Brabant, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Kuiper
- Regional Public Health Service (GGD) of West-Brabant, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter van den Bijllaardt
- Department of Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands; Microvida Laboratory for Medical Microbiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia H M van Jaarsveld
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Kluytmans
- Julius Center of Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Lodder
- Regional Public Health Service (GGD) of West-Brabant, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Michel D Wissing
- Regional Public Health Service (GGD) of West-Brabant, Breda, The Netherlands
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Castro Dopico X, Muschiol S, Christian M, Hanke L, Sheward DJ, Grinberg NF, Rorbach J, Bogdanovic G, Mcinerney GM, Allander T, Wallace C, Murrell B, Albert J, Karlsson Hedestam GB. Seropositivity in blood donors and pregnant women during the first year of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Stockholm, Sweden. J Intern Med 2021; 290:666-676. [PMID: 34008203 PMCID: PMC8242905 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Sweden, social restrictions to contain SARS-CoV-2 have primarily relied upon voluntary adherence to a set of recommendations. Strict lockdowns have not been enforced, potentially affecting viral dissemination. To understand the levels of past SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Stockholm population before the start of mass vaccinations, healthy blood donors and pregnant women (n = 5,100) were sampled at random between 14 March 2020 and 28 February 2021. METHODS In this cross-sectional prospective study, otherwise-healthy blood donors (n = 2,600) and pregnant women (n = 2,500) were sampled for consecutive weeks (at four intervals) throughout the study period. Sera from all participants and a cohort of historical (negative) controls (n = 595) were screened for IgG responses against stabilized trimers of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein and the smaller receptor-binding domain (RBD). As a complement to standard analytical approaches, a probabilistic (cut-off independent) Bayesian framework that assigns likelihood of past infection was used to analyse data over time. SETTING Healthy participant samples were randomly selected from their respective pools through Karolinska University Hospital. The study was carried out in accordance with Swedish Ethical Review Authority: registration number 2020-01807. PARTICIPANTS No participants were symptomatic at sampling, and blood donors were all over the age of 18. No additional metadata were available from the participants. RESULTS Blood donors and pregnant women showed a similar seroprevalence. After a steep rise at the start of the pandemic, the seroprevalence trajectory increased steadily in approach to the winter second wave of infections, approaching 15% of all individuals surveyed by 13 December 2020. By the end of February 2021, 19% of the population tested seropositive. Notably, 96% of seropositive healthy donors screened (n = 56) developed neutralizing antibody responses at titres comparable to or higher than those observed in clinical trials of SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA vaccination, supporting that mild infection engenders a competent B-cell response. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that in the first year since the start of community transmission, seropositivity levels in metropolitan in Stockholm had reached approximately one in five persons, providing important baseline seroprevalence information prior to the start of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Castro Dopico
- From theDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - S. Muschiol
- From theDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - M. Christian
- From theDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - L. Hanke
- From theDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - D. J. Sheward
- From theDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - N. F. Grinberg
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious DiseaseUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - J. Rorbach
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing‐Karolinska Institutet LaboratoryKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - G. Bogdanovic
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - G. M. Mcinerney
- From theDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - T. Allander
- From theDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - C. Wallace
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious DiseaseUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public HealthUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - B. Murrell
- From theDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - J. Albert
- From theDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - G. B. Karlsson Hedestam
- From theDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Hvalryg M, Nissen-Meyer LSH. Sero-prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in blood donors during the third wave of infection in Norway, winter/spring 2021. Transfus Apher Sci 2021; 60:103256. [PMID: 34420881 PMCID: PMC8372484 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2021.103256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cross-sectional studies of the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in representative groups are routinely used for surveillance of public health in Norway. The group of blood donors is easily accessible to provide an estimate over the infection prevalence. Repeated testing of returning donors also generates data about the duration of the antibody response following infection and vaccination. The aim of the current study was to provide updated information about the development of the pandemic in the blood donor population, and to estimate the number of asymptomatic donors visiting the blood center, in an effort to evaluate the measures to prevent virus spreading between donors and staff. In the two main blood banks in the Oslo area, all blood donors were offered antibody testing for a period of three months. Almost 12,000 donors were tested, and the mean weekly prevalence of antibody positive donors due to infection was 2.7 % (varied from 2.1 to 4.0 %). The number of donors presenting following vaccination was 810 (6.9 %). An average of 38 % of the infections had been asymptomatic, and 31 % of the antibody-positive donors were unaware of having been infected. In conclusion, the proportion of blood donors seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 in our blood centers was stable whereas the number of vaccinated blood donors rapidly increased. This indicates that the virus spreading in the third wave of infection in the Oslo area mainly happened in groups underrepresented as blood donors. Health care workers prioritized for early vaccination may be overrepresented in the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marte Hvalryg
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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Bubba L, Simmonds P, Fischer TK, Harvala H. Mapping of serological testing and SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies performed in 20 European countries, March-June 2020. J Glob Health 2021; 11:05014. [PMID: 34408857 PMCID: PMC8364255 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.11.05014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic spread across Europe from February 2020. While robust SARS-CoV-2 serological assays were quickly developed, only limited information on applied serological testing is available. We describe the extent and nature of SARS-CoV-2 serological testing used in Europe and assess the links between epidemiology, mitigation strategies applied and seroprevalence. Methods An online questionnaire on SARS-CoV-2 serology was sent to the European Society of Clinical Virology and European Non-Polio Enterovirus Network members in September 2020. Data were analysed by comparing mitigation approaches, serological methods and seroprevalance studies performed. Results About 100 000 laboratory confirmed cases identified between March and June 2020 were reported by 36 participating laboratories from 20 countries. All responders experienced mitigation strategies including lockdowns and other closures. All except one participant had introduced serological testing; most had validated their assays (n = 29), but some had had difficulties in obtaining reference material. Most used commercial assays (n = 35), measuring IgG response against the spike antigen. Serology was used primarily for diagnostic purposes (n = 22) but also for convalescent plasma (n = 13) and research studies (n = 30). Seroprevalence studies targeted mainly health care workers (n = 20; seroprevalance 5% to 22%) and general population (n = 16; seroprevalance 0.88% to 5.6%). Basic demographic and clinical information were collected by most laboratories (n = 28), whereas data on long-term outcomes were rarely collected. Conclusions This is first study gathering systematic information on serological testing approaches implemented during the first pandemic wave in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bubba
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thea K Fischer
- Department of Clinical Research, University hospital of Nordsjaelland, Hilleroed, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heli Harvala
- Microbiology Services, NHS Blood and Transplant, London, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
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Moritz S, Gottschick C, Horn J, Popp M, Langer S, Klee B, Purschke O, Gekle M, Ihling A, Zimmermann FDL, Mikolajczyk R. The risk of indoor sports and culture events for the transmission of COVID-19. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5096. [PMID: 34413294 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.28.20221580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly all mass gathering events worldwide were banned at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, as they were suspected of presenting a considerable risk for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We investigated the risk of transmitting SARS-CoV-2 by droplets and aerosols during an experimental indoor mass gathering event under three different hygiene practices, and used the data in a simulation study to estimate the resulting burden of disease under conditions of controlled epidemics. Our results show that the mean number of measured direct contacts per visitor was nine persons and this can be reduced substantially by appropriate hygiene practices. A comparison of two versions of ventilation with different air exchange rates and different airflows found that the system which performed worst allowed a ten-fold increase in the number of individuals exposed to infectious aerosols. The overall burden of infections resulting from indoor mass gatherings depends largely on the quality of the ventilation system and the hygiene practices. Presuming an effective ventilation system, indoor mass gathering events with suitable hygiene practices have a very small, if any, effect on epidemic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Moritz
- Section of Clinical Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany.
| | - Cornelia Gottschick
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, PZG, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Johannes Horn
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, PZG, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mario Popp
- Section of Clinical Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | - Susan Langer
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, PZG, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bianca Klee
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, PZG, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Oliver Purschke
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, PZG, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Gekle
- Julius Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Angelika Ihling
- Section of Clinical Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | | | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, PZG, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Moritz S, Gottschick C, Horn J, Popp M, Langer S, Klee B, Purschke O, Gekle M, Ihling A, Zimmermann FDL, Mikolajczyk R. The risk of indoor sports and culture events for the transmission of COVID-19. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5096. [PMID: 34413294 PMCID: PMC8376924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly all mass gathering events worldwide were banned at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, as they were suspected of presenting a considerable risk for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We investigated the risk of transmitting SARS-CoV-2 by droplets and aerosols during an experimental indoor mass gathering event under three different hygiene practices, and used the data in a simulation study to estimate the resulting burden of disease under conditions of controlled epidemics. Our results show that the mean number of measured direct contacts per visitor was nine persons and this can be reduced substantially by appropriate hygiene practices. A comparison of two versions of ventilation with different air exchange rates and different airflows found that the system which performed worst allowed a ten-fold increase in the number of individuals exposed to infectious aerosols. The overall burden of infections resulting from indoor mass gatherings depends largely on the quality of the ventilation system and the hygiene practices. Presuming an effective ventilation system, indoor mass gathering events with suitable hygiene practices have a very small, if any, effect on epidemic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Moritz
- Section of Clinical Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany.
| | - Cornelia Gottschick
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, PZG, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Johannes Horn
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, PZG, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mario Popp
- Section of Clinical Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | - Susan Langer
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, PZG, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bianca Klee
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, PZG, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Oliver Purschke
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, PZG, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Gekle
- Julius Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Angelika Ihling
- Section of Clinical Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | | | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, PZG, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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46
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Zhang F, Wang Z, Vijver MG, Peijnenburg WJGM. Probing nano-QSAR to assess the interactions between carbon nanoparticles and a SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112357. [PMID: 34044308 PMCID: PMC8133531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is rampant in the world and is a serious threat to global health. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in various environmental media, which speeds up the pace of the virus becoming a global biological pollutant. Because many engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are capable of inducing anti-microbial activity, ENMs provide excellent solutions to overcome the virus pandemic, for instance by application as protective coatings, biosensors, or nano-agents. To tackle some mechanistic issues related to the impact of ENMs on SARS-CoV-2, we investigated the molecular interactions between carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) and a SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragment (i.e., a model molecule of frameshift stimulation element from the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome) using molecular mechanics simulations. The interaction affinity between the CNPs and the SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragment increased in the order of fullerenes < graphenes < carbon nanotubes. Furthermore, we developed quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models to describe the interactions of 17 different types of CNPs from three dimensions with the SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragment. The QSAR models on the interaction energies of CNPs with the SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragment show high goodness-of-fit and robustness. Molecular weight, surface area, and the sum of degrees of every carbon atom were found to be the primary structural descriptors of CNPs determining the interactions. Our research not only offers a theoretical insight into the adsorption/separation and inactivation of SARS-CoV-2, but also allows to design novel ENMs which act efficiently on the genetic material RNA of SARS-CoV-2. This contributes to minimizing the challenge of time-consuming and labor-intensive virus experiments under high risk of infection, whilst meeting our precautionary demand for options to handle any new versions of the coronavirus that might emerge in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Zhuang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands.
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands; Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven 3720 BA, The Netherlands.
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Juncker HG, Romijn M, Loth VN, Ruhé EJM, Bakker S, Kleinendorst S, de Groot CJM, Pajkrt D, Korosi A, van Goudoever JB, van Gils MJ, van Keulen BJ. Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 in Human Milk: Milk Conversion Rates in the Netherlands. J Hum Lact 2021; 37:469-476. [PMID: 33982613 DOI: 10.1177/08903344211018185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that human milk from mothers who have been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contains antibodies against the virus, which could play an important role in protecting the recipient infant against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Seroconversion is measured frequently around the world, but the milk conversion rate is unknown. RESEARCH AIMS To determine (1) the prevalence and (2) the dynamics of immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in human milk amongst lactating mothers in the Netherlands. METHODS In this large prospective cohort study, lactating mothers (N = 2312) were included between October 12, 2020 and February 24, 2021. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine levels of IgA antibodies in human milk and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in serum against the ectodomain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. RESULTS A total of 691 (30.6%) participants had SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in human milk and/or serum. Of these participants, 524 (23.1%) had IgA antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in human milk, and 356 (15.7%) had IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in serum. A total of 199 (8.8%) participants had antibodies in both human milk and serum. SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA antibodies in human milk remain present at least 10 months after a polymerase chain reaction confirmed infection. CONCLUSION The prevalence of IgA antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in human milk was 23.1% in our cohort. This high prevalence of antibodies in human milk might lead to passive immunity in many breastfed infants and may serve as protection against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G Juncker
- 3325631209 Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,84709 Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences - Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michelle Romijn
- 3325631209 Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Veerle N Loth
- 3325631209 Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eliza J M Ruhé
- 3325631209 Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sjors Bakker
- 3325631209 Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia Kleinendorst
- 3325631209 Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christianne J M de Groot
- 26066 Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dasja Pajkrt
- 3325631209 Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aniko Korosi
- 84709 Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences - Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes B van Goudoever
- 3325631209 Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Britt J van Keulen
- 3325631209 Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Muro A, Belhassen-García M, Muñoz Bellido JL, Lorenzo Juanes H, Vicente B, Pendones J, Adserias J, Sánchez Hernández G, Rodríguez Rosa M, Vicente Villardón JL, Burguillo J, López Andaluz J, Martín Oterino JA, García Criado FJ, Barbero F, Morales AI, Galindo Villardón P, González Sarmiento R. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and Factors Associated with Seropositivity at the University of Salamanca: The DIANCUSAL Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3214. [PMID: 34361998 PMCID: PMC8348112 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic screening for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is a crucial tool for surveillance of the COVID-19 pandemic. The University of Salamanca (USAL) in Spain designed a project called "DIANCUSAL" (Diagnosis of New Coronavirus, COVID-19, in University of Salamanca) to measure antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among its ~34,000 students and academic staff, as the influence of the university community in the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the city of Salamanca and neighboring towns hosting USAL campuses could be substantial. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among USAL students, professors and staff and to evaluate the demographic, academic, clinical and lifestyle and behavioral factors related to seropositivity. METHODOLOGY The DIANCUSAL study is an ongoing university population-based cross-sectional study, with the work described herein conducted from July-October 2020. All USAL students, professors and staff were invited to complete an anonymized questionnaire. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was detected and quantified by using chemiluminescent assays for IgG and IgM. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A total of 8197 (24.71%) participants were included. The mean age was 31.4 (14.5 SD) years, and 66.0% of the participants were female. The seroprevalence was 8.25% overall and was highest for students from the education campus (12.5%) and professors from the biomedical campus (12.6%), with significant differences among faculties (p = 0.006). Based on the questionnaire, loss of smell and fever were the symptoms most strongly associated with seropositivity, and 22.6% of seropositive participants were asymptomatic. Social distancing was the most effective hygiene measure (p = 0.0007). There were significant differences in seroprevalence between participants with and without household exposure to SARS-CoV-2 (p = 0.0000), but not between students who lived in private homes and those who lived in dormitories. IgG antibodies decreased over time in the participants with confirmed self-reported COVID-19 diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS The analysis revealed an overall 8.25% seroprevalence at the end of October 2020, with a higher seroprevalence in students than in staff. Thus, there is no need for tailored measures for the USAL community as the official average seroprevalence in the area was similar (7.8% at 22 June and 12.4 at 15 November of 2020). Instead, USAL members should comply with public health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Muro
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Group (e-INTRO), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Moncef Belhassen-García
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Group (e-INTRO), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Juan Luís Muñoz Bellido
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.L.M.B.); (H.L.J.); (J.P.); (J.A.M.O.); (F.J.G.C.); (A.I.M.); (R.G.S.)
- Microbiology & Parasitology Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Helena Lorenzo Juanes
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.L.M.B.); (H.L.J.); (J.P.); (J.A.M.O.); (F.J.G.C.); (A.I.M.); (R.G.S.)
- Microbiology & Parasitology Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Belén Vicente
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Group (e-INTRO), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Josué Pendones
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.L.M.B.); (H.L.J.); (J.P.); (J.A.M.O.); (F.J.G.C.); (A.I.M.); (R.G.S.)
- Microbiology & Parasitology Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Adserias
- IT Department, University of Salamanca Foundation (FGUSAL), University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain;
| | | | - Miguel Rodríguez Rosa
- Department of Statistics, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (M.R.R.); (J.L.V.V.); (P.G.V.)
| | | | - Javier Burguillo
- Department of Chemistry-Physics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Javier López Andaluz
- Department of Nursing and Phisiotherapy, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (J.L.A.); (F.B.)
| | - Jose Angel Martín Oterino
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.L.M.B.); (H.L.J.); (J.P.); (J.A.M.O.); (F.J.G.C.); (A.I.M.); (R.G.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier García Criado
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.L.M.B.); (H.L.J.); (J.P.); (J.A.M.O.); (F.J.G.C.); (A.I.M.); (R.G.S.)
| | - Fausto Barbero
- Department of Nursing and Phisiotherapy, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (J.L.A.); (F.B.)
| | - Ana Isabel Morales
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.L.M.B.); (H.L.J.); (J.P.); (J.A.M.O.); (F.J.G.C.); (A.I.M.); (R.G.S.)
- Toxicology Unit, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Rogelio González Sarmiento
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.L.M.B.); (H.L.J.); (J.P.); (J.A.M.O.); (F.J.G.C.); (A.I.M.); (R.G.S.)
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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Sikkens JJ, Buis DTP, Peters EJG, Dekker M, Schinkel M, Reijnders TDY, Schuurman AR, de Brabander J, Lavell AHA, Maas JJ, Koopsen J, Han AX, Russell CA, Schinkel J, Jonges M, Matamoros S, Jurriaans S, van Mansfeld R, Wiersinga WJ, Smulders YM, de Jong MD, Bomers MK. Serologic Surveillance and Phylogenetic Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Hospital Health Care Workers. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2118554. [PMID: 34319354 PMCID: PMC9437910 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.18554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE It is unclear when, where, and by whom health care workers (HCWs) working in hospitals are infected with SARS-CoV-2. OBJECTIVE To determine how often and in what manner nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection occurs in HCW groups with varying exposure to patients with COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study comprised 4 weekly measurements of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and collection of questionnaires from March 23 to June 25, 2020, combined with phylogenetic and epidemiologic transmission analyses at 2 university hospitals in the Netherlands. Included individuals were HCWs working in patient care for those with COVID-19, HCWs working in patient care for those without COVID-19, and HCWs not working in patient care. Data were analyzed from August through December 2020. EXPOSURES Varying work-related exposure to patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The cumulative incidence of and time to SARS-CoV-2 infection, defined as the presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in blood samples, were measured. RESULTS Among 801 HCWs, there were 439 HCWs working in patient care for those with COVID-19, 164 HCWs working in patient care for those without COVID-19, and 198 HCWs not working in patient care. There were 580 (72.4%) women, and the median (interquartile range) age was 36 (29-50) years. The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 was increased among HCWs working in patient care for those with COVID-19 (54 HCWs [13.2%; 95% CI, 9.9%-16.4%]) compared with HCWs working in patient care for those without COVID-19 (11 HCWs [6.7%; 95% CI, 2.8%-10.5%]; hazard ratio [HR], 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17-4.30) and HCWs not working in patient care (7 HCWs [3.6%; 95% CI, 0.9%-6.1%]; HR, 3.92; 95% CI, 1.79-8.62). Among HCWs caring for patients with COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 cumulative incidence was increased among HCWs working on COVID-19 wards (32 of 134 HCWs [25.7%; 95% CI, 17.6%-33.1%]) compared with HCWs working on intensive care units (13 of 186 HCWs [7.1%; 95% CI, 3.3%-10.7%]; HR, 3.64; 95% CI, 1.91-6.94), and HCWs working in emergency departments (7 of 102 HCWs [8.0%; 95% CI, 2.5%-13.1%]; HR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.52-7.14). Epidemiologic data combined with phylogenetic analyses on COVID-19 wards identified 3 potential HCW-to-HCW transmission clusters. No patient-to-HCW transmission clusters could be identified in transmission analyses. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found that HCWs working on COVID-19 wards were at increased risk for nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection with an important role for HCW-to-HCW transmission. These findings suggest that infection among HCWs deserves more consideration in infection prevention practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonne J. Sikkens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam
Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David T. P. Buis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam
Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Edgar J. G. Peters
- Section Infectious Diseases, Department of
Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University
Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mireille Dekker
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection
Prevention, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical
Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel Schinkel
- Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine,
Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers,
University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom D. Y. Reijnders
- Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine,
Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers,
University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alex. R. Schuurman
- Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine,
Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers,
University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Justin de Brabander
- Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine,
Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers,
University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A. H. Ayesha Lavell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam
Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap J. Maas
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety,
Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the
Netherlands
| | - Jelle Koopsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection
Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam,
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alvin X. Han
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection
Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam,
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Colin A. Russell
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection
Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam,
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janke Schinkel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection
Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam,
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Jonges
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection
Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam,
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sébastien Matamoros
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection
Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam,
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Jurriaans
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection
Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam,
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rosa van Mansfeld
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection
Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam,
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W. Joost Wiersinga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of
Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University
Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yvo M. Smulders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam
Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Menno D. de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection
Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam,
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marije K. Bomers
- Section Infectious Diseases, Department of
Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University
Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Zhao S, Schuurman N, Li W, Wang C, Smit LAM, Broens EM, Wagenaar JA, van Kuppeveld FJM, Bosch BJ, Egberink H. Serologic Screening of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Cats and Dogs during First Coronavirus Disease Wave, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:1362-1370. [PMID: 33900184 PMCID: PMC8084487 DOI: 10.3201/eid2705.204055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can infect many animal species, including minks, cats, and dogs. To gain insights into SARS-CoV-2 infections in cats and dogs, we developed and validated a set of serologic assays, including ELISA and virus neutralization. Evaluation of samples from animals before they acquired coronavirus disease and samples from cats roaming SARS-CoV-2–positive mink farms confirmed the suitability of these assays for specific antibody detection. Furthermore, our findings exclude SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein as an antigen for serologic screening of cat and dog samples. We analyzed 500 serum samples from domestic cats and dogs in the Netherlands during April–May 2020. We showed 0.4% of cats and 0.2% of dogs were seropositive. Although seroprevalence in cats and dogs that had unknown SARS-CoV-2 exposure was low during the first coronavirus disease wave, our data stress the need for development of continuous serosurveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in these 2 animal species.
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