1
|
Halliwell B, Holland BR, Yates LA. Multi-response phylogenetic mixed models: concepts and application. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2025; 100:1294-1316. [PMID: 40192008 PMCID: PMC12120399 DOI: 10.1111/brv.70001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2025] [Accepted: 01/24/2025] [Indexed: 06/01/2025]
Abstract
The scale and resolution of trait databases and molecular phylogenies is increasing rapidly. These resources permit many open questions in comparative biology to be addressed with the right statistical tools. Multi-response (MR) phylogenetic mixed models (PMMs) offer great potential for multivariate analyses of trait evolution. While flexible and powerful, these methods are not often employed by researchers in ecology and evolution, reflecting a specialised and technical literature that creates barriers to usage for many biologists. Here we present a practical and accessible guide to MR-PMMs. We begin with a review of single-response (SR) PMMs to introduce key concepts and outline the limitations of this approach for characterising patterns of trait coevolution. We emphasise MR-PMMs as a preferable approach for analyses involving multiple species traits, due to the explicit decomposition of trait covariances. We discuss multilevel models, multivariate models of evolution, and extensions to non-Gaussian response traits. We highlight techniques for causal inference using graphical models, as well as advanced topics including prior specification and latent factor models. Using simulated data and visual examples, we discuss interpretation, prediction, and model validation. We implement many of the techniques discussed in example analyses of plant functional traits to demonstrate the general utility of MR-PMMs in handling complex real-world data sets. Finally, we discuss the emerging synthesis of comparative techniques made possible by MR-PMMs, highlight strengths and weaknesses, and offer practical recommendations to analysts. To complement this material, we provide online tutorials including side-by-side model implementations in two popular R packages, MCMCglmm and brms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Halliwell
- School of Natural Sciences, Private Bag 55University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, Private Bag 55University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Barbara R. Holland
- School of Natural Sciences, Private Bag 55University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, Private Bag 55University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Luke A. Yates
- School of Natural Sciences, Private Bag 55University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, Private Bag 55University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hordijk I, Poorter L, Liang J, Reich PB, de-Miguel S, Nabuurs GJ, Gamarra JGP, Chen HYH, Zhou M, Wiser SK, Pretzsch H, Paquette A, Picard N, Hérault B, Bastin JF, Alberti G, Abegg M, Adou Yao YC, Almeyda Zambrano AM, Alvarado BV, Alvarez-Davila E, Alvarez-Loayza P, Alves LF, Amaral I, Ammer C, Antón-Fernández C, Araujo-Murakami A, Arroyo L, Avitabile V, Aymard C GA, Baker T, Banki O, Barroso J, Bastian ML, Birigazzi L, Birnbaum P, Bitariho R, Boeckx P, Bongers F, Bouriaud O, Brancalion PHS, Brandl S, Brearley FQ, Brienen R, Broadbent EN, Bruelheide H, Cazzolla Gatti R, Cesar RG, Cesljar G, Chazdon RL, Chisholm C, Cienciala E, Clark CJ, Clark DB, Colletta G, Coomes D, Cornejo Valverde F, Corral-Rivas JJ, Crim P, Cumming J, Dayanandan S, de Gasper AL, Decuyper M, Derroire G, DeVries B, Djordjevic I, Dourdain A, Dolezal J, Engone Obiang NL, Enquist B, Eyre T, Fandohan AB, Fayle TM, Ferreira LV, Feldpausch TR, Finér L, Fischer M, Fletcher C, Frizzera L, Gianelle D, Glick HB, Harris D, Hector A, Hemp A, Herbohn J, Hillers A, Honorio Coronado EN, Hui C, Cho H, Ibanez T, Jung I, Imai N, Jagodzinski AM, Jaroszewicz B, Johannsen V, Joly CA, Jucker T, Karminov V, Kartawinata K, Kearsley E, et alHordijk I, Poorter L, Liang J, Reich PB, de-Miguel S, Nabuurs GJ, Gamarra JGP, Chen HYH, Zhou M, Wiser SK, Pretzsch H, Paquette A, Picard N, Hérault B, Bastin JF, Alberti G, Abegg M, Adou Yao YC, Almeyda Zambrano AM, Alvarado BV, Alvarez-Davila E, Alvarez-Loayza P, Alves LF, Amaral I, Ammer C, Antón-Fernández C, Araujo-Murakami A, Arroyo L, Avitabile V, Aymard C GA, Baker T, Banki O, Barroso J, Bastian ML, Birigazzi L, Birnbaum P, Bitariho R, Boeckx P, Bongers F, Bouriaud O, Brancalion PHS, Brandl S, Brearley FQ, Brienen R, Broadbent EN, Bruelheide H, Cazzolla Gatti R, Cesar RG, Cesljar G, Chazdon RL, Chisholm C, Cienciala E, Clark CJ, Clark DB, Colletta G, Coomes D, Cornejo Valverde F, Corral-Rivas JJ, Crim P, Cumming J, Dayanandan S, de Gasper AL, Decuyper M, Derroire G, DeVries B, Djordjevic I, Dourdain A, Dolezal J, Engone Obiang NL, Enquist B, Eyre T, Fandohan AB, Fayle TM, Ferreira LV, Feldpausch TR, Finér L, Fischer M, Fletcher C, Frizzera L, Gianelle D, Glick HB, Harris D, Hector A, Hemp A, Herbohn J, Hillers A, Honorio Coronado EN, Hui C, Cho H, Ibanez T, Jung I, Imai N, Jagodzinski AM, Jaroszewicz B, Johannsen V, Joly CA, Jucker T, Karminov V, Kartawinata K, Kearsley E, Kenfack D, Kennard D, Kepfer-Rojas S, Keppel G, Khan ML, Killeen T, Kim HS, Kitayama K, Köhl M, Korjus H, Kraxner F, Laarmann D, Lang M, Lewis S, Lu H, Lukina N, Maitner B, Malhi Y, Marcon E, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Marshall AR, Martin E, Martynenko O, Meave JA, Melo-Cruz O, Mendoza C, Merow C, Miscicki S, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Moreno V, Mukul SA, Mundhenk P, Nava-Miranda MG, Neill D, Neldner V, Nevenic R, Ngugi M, Niklaus PA, Oleksyn J, Ontikov P, Ortiz-Malavasi E, Pan Y, Parada-Gutierrez A, Parfenova E, Park M, Parren M, Parthasarathy N, Peri PL, Pfautsch S, Phillips OL, Piedade MT, Piotto D, Pitman NCA, Pollastrini M, Polo I, Poulsen AD, Poulsen JR, Arevalo FR, Restrepo-Correa Z, Rodeghiero M, Rolim S, Roopsind A, Rovero F, Rutishauser E, Saikia P, Salas-Eljatib C, Schall P, Schepaschenko D, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schmid B, Schöngart J, Searle EB, Seben V, Selvi F, Serra-Diaz JM, Sheil D, Shvidenko A, Silva-Espejo J, Silveira M, Singh J, Sist P, Slik F, Sonké B, Souza AF, Ter Steege H, Stereńczak K, Svenning JC, Svoboda M, Swanepoel B, Targhetta N, Tchebakova N, Thomas R, Tikhonova E, Umunay P, Usoltsev V, Valencia R, Valladares F, van der Plas F, Van Do T, Van Nuland ME, Vasquez Martinez R, Verbeeck H, Viana H, Vibrans AC, Vieira S, von Gadow K, Wang HF, Watson J, Werner GDA, Wittmann F, Wortel V, Zagt R, Zawila-Niedzwiecki T, Zhang C, Zhao X, Zhu ZX, Zo-Bi IC, Maynard DS, Crowther TW. Effect of climate on traits of dominant and rare tree species in the world's forests. Nat Commun 2025; 16:4773. [PMID: 40404639 PMCID: PMC12098762 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59754-7] [Show More Authors] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2025] [Indexed: 05/24/2025] Open
Abstract
Species' traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree species across the globe. The extent to which traits of dominant and rare tree species differ remains untested across a broad environmental range, limiting our understanding of how species traits and the environment shape forest functional composition. We use a global dataset of tree composition of >22,000 forest plots and 11 traits of 1663 tree species to ask how locally dominant and rare species differ in their trait values, and how these differences are driven by climatic gradients in temperature and water availability in forest biomes across the globe. We find three consistent trait differences between locally dominant and rare species across all biomes; dominant species are taller, have softer wood and higher loading on the multivariate stem strategy axis (related to narrow tracheids and thick bark). The difference between traits of dominant and rare species is more strongly driven by temperature compared to water availability, as temperature might affect a larger number of traits. Therefore, climate change driven global temperature rise may have a strong effect on trait differences between dominant and rare tree species and may lead to changes in species abundances and therefore strong community reassembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Hordijk
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland.
- Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Sergio de-Miguel
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), Solsona, Spain
| | | | - Javier G P Gamarra
- Forestry Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Han Y H Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Mo Zhou
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Susan K Wiser
- Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Hans Pretzsch
- Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, TUM School for Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alain Paquette
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Bruno Hérault
- CIRAD, Forêts et Sociétés, Montpellier, France
- Forêts et Sociétés, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Giorgio Alberti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Meinrad Abegg
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Yves C Adou Yao
- UFR Biosciences, University Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Angelica M Almeyda Zambrano
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Luciana F Alves
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Iêda Amaral
- National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Christian Ammer
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Clara Antón-Fernández
- Division of Forest and Forest Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | | | - Luzmila Arroyo
- Museo de Historia natural Noel kempff Mercado, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Gerardo A Aymard C
- UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Portuguesa, Venezuela
- Compensation International S. A. Ci Progress-GreenLife, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | | | - Olaf Banki
- Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jorcely Barroso
- Centro Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - Meredith L Bastian
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Luca Birigazzi
- United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philippe Birnbaum
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Robert Bitariho
- Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation, Mbarara University of Sciences and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frans Bongers
- Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Francis Q Brearley
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Roel Brienen
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Eben N Broadbent
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle-, Wittenberg, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Ricardo G Cesar
- Department of Forest Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Goran Cesljar
- Department of Spatial Regulation, GIS and Forest Policy, Institute of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Robin L Chazdon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QL, Australia
| | - Chelsea Chisholm
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emil Cienciala
- IFER - Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, Jilove u Prahy, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Connie J Clark
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David B Clark
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gabriel Colletta
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - David Coomes
- Department of Plant Sciences and Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jose J Corral-Rivas
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Philip Crim
- Department of Physical and Biological Sciences, The College of Saint Rose, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jonathan Cumming
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Selvadurai Dayanandan
- Biology Department, Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - André L de Gasper
- Natural Science Department, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil
| | | | - Géraldine Derroire
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Ben DeVries
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Aurélie Dourdain
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Jiri Dolezal
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Brian Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Teresa Eyre
- Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Toowong, QL, Australia
| | | | - Tom M Fayle
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Leandro V Ferreira
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Coordenação de Ciências da Terra e Ecologia, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Leena Finér
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Joensuu, Finland
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Lorenzo Frizzera
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Damiano Gianelle
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Henry B Glick
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Andrew Hector
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andreas Hemp
- Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - John Herbohn
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QL, Australia
| | - Annika Hillers
- Centre for Conservation Science, The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy, UK
- Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Liberia Office, Monrovia, Liberia
| | | | - Cang Hui
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Theoretical Ecology Unit, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hyunkook Cho
- Division of Forest Resources Information, Korea Forest Promotion Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Thomas Ibanez
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Ilbin Jung
- Division of Forest Resources Information, Korea Forest Promotion Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nobuo Imai
- Department of Forest Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrzej M Jagodzinski
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Faculty of Biology, Białowieża Geobotanical Station, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Vivian Johannsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carlos A Joly
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Tommaso Jucker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Viktor Karminov
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Mytischi, Russian Federation
| | | | - Elizabeth Kearsley
- CAVElab-Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Kenfack
- CTFS-ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
| | - Deborah Kennard
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, Grand Junction, CO, USA
| | - Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Keppel
- UniSA STEM and Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mohammed Latif Khan
- Department of Botany, Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
| | - Timothy Killeen
- Museo de Historia natural Noel kempff Mercado, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Michael Köhl
- Institute for World Forestry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henn Korjus
- Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Florian Kraxner
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Diana Laarmann
- Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mait Lang
- Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Simon Lewis
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | - Huicui Lu
- Faculty of Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Natalia Lukina
- Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Beatriz Schwantes Marimon
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Marimon-Junior
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Andrew Robert Marshall
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QL, Australia
- Flamingo Land Ltd, Kirby Misperton, UK
- Department of Environment & Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | - Emanuel Martin
- Department of Wildlife Management, College of African Wildlife Management, Mweka, Tanzania
| | - Olga Martynenko
- All-Russian Institute of Continuous Education in Forestry, Pushkino, Russian Federation
| | - Jorge A Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Casimiro Mendoza
- Colegio de Profesionales Forestales de Cochabamba, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Cory Merow
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Stanislaw Miscicki
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Department of Forest Management, Dendrometry and Forest Economics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Abel Monteagudo Mendoza
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Oxapampa, Peru
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
| | - Vanessa Moreno
- Department of Forest Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Sharif A Mukul
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QL, Australia
- Department of Environment and Development Studies, United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Philip Mundhenk
- Institute for World Forestry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria G Nava-Miranda
- Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades. Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
- Escuela Politécnica Superior de Ingeniería. Campus Terra. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - David Neill
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador
| | - Victor Neldner
- Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Toowong, QL, Australia
| | | | - Michael Ngugi
- Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Toowong, QL, Australia
| | - Pascal A Niklaus
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jacek Oleksyn
- Department of Forest Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Petr Ontikov
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Mytischi, Russian Federation
| | | | - Yude Pan
- Climate, Fire, and Carbon Cycle Sciences, USDA Forest Service, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Elena Parfenova
- V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, FRC KSC, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Minjee Park
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Marc Parren
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pablo L Peri
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Rio Gallegos, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Pfautsch
- School of Social Sciences (Urban Studies), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Daniel Piotto
- Laboratório de Dendrologia e Silvicultura Tropical, Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Itabuna, Brazil
| | | | - Martina Pollastrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forest (DAGRI), University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Irina Polo
- Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - John R Poulsen
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Zorayda Restrepo-Correa
- Servicios Ecosistémicos y Cambio Climático (SECC), Fundación Con Vida & Corporación COL-TREE, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mirco Rodeghiero
- Centro Agricoltura, Alimenti, Ambiente, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Samir Rolim
- Laboratório de Dendrologia e Silvicultura Tropical, Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Itabuna, Brazil
| | - Anand Roopsind
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Francesco Rovero
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Tropical Biodiversity, MUSE - Museo delle Scienze, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Purabi Saikia
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Christian Salas-Eljatib
- Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Silvicultura y Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Peter Schall
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Eric B Searle
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vladimír Seben
- National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Federico Selvi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forest (DAGRI), University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Josep M Serra-Diaz
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, Inra, Silva, Nancy, France
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) & Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, Denmark
| | - Douglas Sheil
- Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Anatoly Shvidenko
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | | | - Marcos Silveira
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
| | - James Singh
- Guyana Forestry Commission, Georgetown, French Guiana
| | - Plinio Sist
- CIRAD, Forêts et Sociétés, Montpellier, France
| | - Ferry Slik
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Bonaventure Sonké
- Plant Systematic and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Alexandre F Souza
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Hans Ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Quantitative Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) & Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Nadja Tchebakova
- V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, FRC KSC, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Raquel Thomas
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development (IIC), Georgetown, Guyana
| | | | - Peter Umunay
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vladimir Usoltsev
- Botanical Garden of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural State Forest Engineering University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Fons van der Plas
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tran Van Do
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Department of Forest Management, Dendrometry and Forest Economics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab-Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Helder Viana
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Ecology and Sustainable Agriculture, Agricultural High School of Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Portugal and Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alexander C Vibrans
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Forest Engineering Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau-Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Simone Vieira
- Environmental Studies and Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Klaus von Gadow
- Department of Forest and Wood Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Hua-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - James Watson
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Florian Wittmann
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Institute for Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Verginia Wortel
- Centre for Agricultural Research in Suriname (CELOS), Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Roderick Zagt
- Tropenbos International, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Chunyu Zhang
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhai Zhao
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Irie Casimir Zo-Bi
- INP-HB, UMRI Sciences Agronomiques et Procédés de Transformation, Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Daniel S Maynard
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas W Crowther
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Muñoz-Gálvez FJ, Querejeta JI, Moreno-Gutiérrez C, Ren W, de la Riva EG, Prieto I. Trait coordination and trade-offs constrain the diversity of water use strategies in Mediterranean woody plants. Nat Commun 2025; 16:4103. [PMID: 40316526 PMCID: PMC12048502 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2025] [Indexed: 05/04/2025] Open
Abstract
The diversity of water-use strategies among dryland plants has been the focus of extensive research, but important knowledge gaps remain. Comprehensive surveys of water-use traits encompassing multiple species growing at contrasting sites are needed to further advance current understanding of plant water use in drylands. Here we show that ecohydrological niche segregation driven by differences in water uptake depth among coexisting species is widespread across Mediterranean plant communities, as evidenced by soil and stem water isotopes measured in 62 native species growing at 10 sites with contrasting climatic conditions. Foliar carbon and oxygen isotopes revealed that leaf-level stomatal regulation stringency and water-use efficiency also differ markedly among coexisting species, and are both coordinated with water uptake depth. Larger and taller woody species use a greater proportion of deeper soil water, display more conservative water use traits at leaf level ("water-savers") and show greater investment in foliage relative to shoots. Conversely, smaller species rely mainly on shallow soil water, exhibit a more profligate water use strategy ("water-spenders") and prioritize investment in shoots over foliage. Drought stress favours coordination between above and belowground water-use traits, resulting in unavoidable trade-offs that constrain the diversity of whole-plant water use strategies in Mediterranean plant communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Muñoz-Gálvez
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Murcia, Spain
| | - José I Querejeta
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Cristina Moreno-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Murcia, Spain
| | - Wei Ren
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Enrique G de la Riva
- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Iván Prieto
- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khoza T, Masenya A, Khanyile N, Thosago S. Alleviating Plant Density and Salinity Stress in Moringa oleifera Using Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: A Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2025; 11:328. [PMID: 40278148 PMCID: PMC12028634 DOI: 10.3390/jof11040328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2025] [Revised: 04/01/2025] [Accepted: 04/02/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera (LAM) is a multipurpose tree species with extensive pharmacological and ethnomedicinal properties. Production of important medicinal plants is facing decline under changing climatic conditions, which brings along exacerbated abiotic stresses like salinity and intraspecific competition, particularly high planting densities. Increasing plant density is seen as a strategy to increase production; however, the intraspecific competition and a lack of arable land limit productivity. Salinity has been estimated to harm approximately six percent of the Earth's landmass. This leads to a loss of over 20% of agricultural output annually. These stressors can significantly curtail moringa's growth and yield potential. Literature designates that Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), ubiquitous soil microorganisms forming symbiotic associations with plant roots, offer a promising avenue for mitigating these stresses. This narrative review aims to investigate the utilization of AMF to alleviate the detrimental effects of salinity and high planting density on Moringa oleifera. The different adaptive strategies M. oleifera undergoes to mitigate both stressors are explored. The review found that AMF inoculation enhances plant tolerance to these stressors by improving nutrient acquisition, water relations, and activating stress response mechanisms. By facilitating improved nutrient and water absorption, AMF enhance root architecture, modulate ROS scavenging mechanisms, and promote optimal biomass allocation, ensuring better survival in high-density plantings. Furthermore, AMF-mediated stress alleviation is linked to enhanced physiological efficiency, including increased chlorophyll content, root-shoot biomass balance, and ion homeostasis. This review is important because it could provide insights into a sustainable, natural solution for improving the resilience of Moringa oleifera under adverse environmental conditions, with potential applications in global agriculture and food security. Future research should prioritize identifying and characterizing moringa-specific AMF species and evaluate the long-term efficacy, feasibility, and economic viability of AMF application in real-world moringa cultivation systems to fully harness the potential of AMF in moringa cultivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tshepiso Khoza
- School of Agriculture, University of Mpumalanga, Private Bag X11283, Mbombela 1200, South Africa; (T.K.)
| | - Absalom Masenya
- School of Agriculture, University of Mpumalanga, Private Bag X11283, Mbombela 1200, South Africa; (T.K.)
| | - Nokuthula Khanyile
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Private Bag X11283, Mbombela 1200, South Africa;
| | - Standford Thosago
- School of Agriculture, University of Mpumalanga, Private Bag X11283, Mbombela 1200, South Africa; (T.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pan Q, Bauters M, Peaucelle M, Ellsworth D, Kattge J, Verbeeck H. Network-informed analysis of a multivariate trait-space reveals optimal trait selection. Commun Biol 2025; 8:569. [PMID: 40188271 PMCID: PMC11972376 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-025-07940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2025] [Indexed: 04/07/2025] Open
Abstract
Trait-based analyses have shown great potential to advance our understanding of terrestrial ecosystem processes and functions. However, challenges remain in adequately synthesising a multidimensional and covarying trait space. Reducing the number of studied traits while identifying the most informative ones is increasingly recognized as a priority in functional ecology. Here, we develop a trait reduction procedure based on network analysis of a global dataset comprising 27 traits in three steps. We first construct all possible reduced networks and identify optimal reduced networks that capture the structure of the full 27-trait network. Then we apply the constraints on trait consistency to identified optimal reduced networks and establish consistent network series across ecoregions. We find the best performing networks that capture the three main dimensions of the full network (hydrological safety, leaf economic strategy, and plant reproduction and competition) and the global variance of network metrics. Finally, we find a parsimonious representation of trait covariation strategies is achieved by a 10-trait network which preserves 60% of all the original information while costing only 20.1% of the full suite of traits. Our results show the network reduction approach can improve our understanding on the main plant strategies and facilitate the future trait-based research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Pan
- Q-ForestLab, Laboratory of Quantitative Forest Ecosystem Science, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Gent, 9000, Belgium.
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Q-ForestLab, Laboratory of Quantitative Forest Ecosystem Science, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Gent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Marc Peaucelle
- Q-ForestLab, Laboratory of Quantitative Forest Ecosystem Science, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Gent, 9000, Belgium
- INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave-d'Ornon, Bordeaux, 33140, France
| | - David Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, 2751, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jens Kattge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- Q-ForestLab, Laboratory of Quantitative Forest Ecosystem Science, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Gent, 9000, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Andrew SC, Harris RJ, Coppin C, Nicotra AB, Leigh A, Mokany K. Transcriptomic Temperature Stress Responses Show Differentiation Between Biomes for Diverse Plants. Genome Biol Evol 2025; 17:evaf056. [PMID: 40127678 PMCID: PMC11997244 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaf056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2025] [Accepted: 03/20/2025] [Indexed: 03/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Plants are foundational to terrestrial ecosystems, and because they are sessile, they are particularly reliant on physiological plasticity to respond to weather extremes. However, variation in conserved transcriptomic responses to temperature extremes is not well described across plants from contrasting environments. Beyond molecular responses, photosystem II thermal tolerance traits are widely used to assay plant thermal tolerance. To explore options for improving the prediction of thermal tolerance capacity, we investigated variation in the transcriptomic stress responses of 20 native Australian plant species from varied environments, using de novo transcriptome assemblies and 188 RNA-sequencing libraries. We documented gene expression responses for biological processes, to both hot and cold temperature treatments, that were consistent with conserved transcriptomic stress responses seen in model species. The pathways with the most significant responses were generally related to signaling and stress responses. The magnitude of some responses showed differentiation between the species from contrasting arid, alpine, and temperate biomes. This variation among biomes indicated that postheat exposure, alpine and temperate species had greater shifts in expression than arid species and alpine species had weaker responses to the cold treatment. Changes in the median expression of biological processes were also compared to plasticity in photosystem II heat and cold tolerance traits. Gene expression responses showed some expected relationships with photosystem II thermal tolerance plasticity, but these two response types appeared to be mostly independent. Our findings demonstrate the potential for using variation in conserved transcriptomic traits to characterize the sensitivity of plants from diverse taxa to temperature extremes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Andrew
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Rosalie J Harris
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
| | - Chris Coppin
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Adrienne B Nicotra
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
| | - Andrea Leigh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karel Mokany
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lowe AJ, Royer DL, Wieczynski DJ, Butrim MJ, Reichgelt T, Azevedo-Schmidt L, Peppe DJ, Enquist BJ, Kerkoff AJ, Michaletz ST, Strömberg CAE. Global patterns in community-scale leaf mass per area distributions of extant woody non-monocot angiosperms and their utility in the fossil record. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2025; 112:e70019. [PMID: 40123060 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 01/08/2025] [Accepted: 01/08/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025]
Abstract
PREMISE Leaf mass per area (LMA) links leaf economic strategies, community assembly, and climate and can be reconstructed from woody non-monocot angiosperm (WNMA) fossils using the petiole metric (PM; petiole width2/leaf area). Reliable interpretation of LMA reconstructed from the fossil record is limited by an incomplete understanding of how PM and LMA are correlated at the community scale and what climatic parameters drive variation of both measured and reconstructed LMA of WNMAs globally. METHODS A modern, global, community-scale data set of in situ WNMA LMA and PM was compiled to test leading hypotheses for environmental drivers of LMA and quantify LMA-PM relationships. Correlations among PM, LMA, climate (Köppen types and continuous data), and leaf habit were assessed and quantified using several uni- and multivariate methods. RESULTS Community mean LMA increased under warmer and less seasonal temperatures. Drought-prone communities had the highest LMA variance, likely due to disparity between riparian and non-riparian microhabitats. PM and LMA were correlated for community mean and variance, and their correlations with climate were similar. These patterns indicate that climatic correlatives of modern LMA can inform relative trends in reconstructed fossil LMA. In contrast, matching "absolute" LMA distributions between fossil and modern sites does not allow reliable inference of analogous climate types. CONCLUSIONS This study furthers our understanding of processes influencing the assembly of WNMA leaf economic strategies in plant communities, highlighting the importance of temperature seasonality and habitat heterogeneity. We also provide a method to reconstruct, and refine the framework to interpret, community-scale LMA in the fossil record.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Lowe
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dana L Royer
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Butrim
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Tammo Reichgelt
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Peppe
- Department of Geosciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, AZ, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Andrew J Kerkoff
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Sean T Michaletz
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pranger A, Peeters F, Wagner N, Diehl S, Straile D. Emergence of a Resource Acquisition Trade-off at the Community Scale during Environmental Change. Ecol Lett 2025; 28:e70097. [PMID: 40166976 PMCID: PMC11959684 DOI: 10.1111/ele.70097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 12/20/2024] [Accepted: 12/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
Biomass-weighted mean traits of a community's constituent species are a useful tool to assess environmental filtering in community function in response to environmental change. We show that annually averaged phytoplankton community function, expressed by the community mean traits phosphate and light affinity, responded strongly and reversibly to long-term changes in nutrient supply over a 42-year period of eutrophication and re-oligotrophication of Lake Constance. Within the lake's species pool, phosphate and light affinities were weakly negatively correlated, suggesting a weak physiological trade-off. Yet, a strong trade-off between these traits emerged when species were weighted by their biomass, suggesting species sorting along the trade-off line across years of shifting nutrient status. Emergent trade-offs, that is, trade-offs that become apparent first when trait combinations are weighted by the contributions of the trait-bearing organisms to community biomass, may be a useful, novel concept in trait-based ecology of potentially similar importance as commonly considered physiological trade-offs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Pranger
- Limnological instituteUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - Frank Peeters
- Limnological instituteUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Augusto L, Borelle R, Boča A, Bon L, Orazio C, Arias-González A, Bakker MR, Gartzia-Bengoetxea N, Auge H, Bernier F, Cantero A, Cavender-Bares J, Correia AH, De Schrijver A, Diez-Casero JJ, Eisenhauer N, Fotelli MN, Gâteblé G, Godbold DL, Gomes-Caetano-Ferreira M, Gundale MJ, Jactel H, Koricheva J, Larsson M, Laudicina VA, Legout A, Martín-García J, Mason WL, Meredieu C, Mereu S, Montgomery RA, Musch B, Muys B, Paillassa E, Paquette A, Parker JD, Parker WC, Ponette Q, Reynolds C, Rozados-Lorenzo MJ, Ruiz-Peinado R, Santesteban-Insausti X, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Silva-Pando FJ, Smolander A, Spyroglou G, Teixeira-Barcelos EB, Vanguelova EI, Verheyen K, Vesterdal L, Charru M. Widespread slow growth of acquisitive tree species. Nature 2025; 640:395-401. [PMID: 40108455 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2025] [Indexed: 03/22/2025]
Abstract
Trees are an important carbon sink as they accumulate biomass through photosynthesis1. Identifying tree species that grow fast is therefore commonly considered to be essential for effective climate change mitigation through forest planting. Although species characteristics are key information for plantation design and forest management, field studies often fail to detect clear relationships between species functional traits and tree growth2. Here, by consolidating four independent datasets and classifying the acquisitive and conservative species based on their functional trait values, we show that acquisitive tree species, which are supposedly fast-growing species, generally grow slowly in field conditions. This discrepancy between the current paradigm and field observations is explained by the interactions with environmental conditions that influence growth. Acquisitive species require moist mild climates and fertile soils, conditions that are generally not met in the field. By contrast, conservative species, which are supposedly slow-growing species, show generally higher realized growth due to their ability to tolerate unfavourable environmental conditions. In general, conservative tree species grow more steadily than acquisitive tree species in non-tropical forests. We recommend planting acquisitive tree species in areas where they can realize their fast-growing potential. In other regions, where environmental stress is higher, conservative tree species have a larger potential to fix carbon in their biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Augusto
- INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1391 ISPA, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
| | - R Borelle
- INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1391 ISPA, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - A Boča
- Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - L Bon
- INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1391 ISPA, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - C Orazio
- Institut Européen de la Forêt Cultivée (IEFC), Cestas, France
| | - A Arias-González
- NEIKER, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Department of Forest Sciences, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - M R Bakker
- INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1391 ISPA, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - N Gartzia-Bengoetxea
- NEIKER, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Department of Forest Sciences, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - H Auge
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - J Cavender-Bares
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A H Correia
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A De Schrijver
- Research Centre AgroFoodNature, HOGENT University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J J Diez-Casero
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute (iuFOR), University of Valladolid, Palencia, Spain
| | - N Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M N Fotelli
- Forest Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Dimitra, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - G Gâteblé
- INRAE, UEVT, Antibes Juan-les-Pins, France
| | - D L Godbold
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Department of Ecosystem Management, Climate and Biodiversity, BOKU University, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Gomes-Caetano-Ferreira
- SRAAC, Azores Regional Ministry for Environment and Climate Change, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - M J Gundale
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - H Jactel
- INRAE, University of Bordeaux, BIOGECO, Cestas, France
| | - J Koricheva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - M Larsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - V A Laudicina
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - J Martín-García
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute (iuFOR), University of Valladolid, Palencia, Spain
- Department of Plant Production and Forest Resources, University of Valladolid, Palencia, Spain
| | - W L Mason
- Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin, UK
| | - C Meredieu
- INRAE, University of Bordeaux, BIOGECO, Cestas, France
| | - S Mereu
- CNR-IBE, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la BioEconomia, Sassari, Italy
| | - R A Montgomery
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - B Musch
- ONF, UMR 0588 BioForA, Orléans, France
| | - B Muys
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Paillassa
- Institut pour le Développement Forestier (IDF), Paris, France
| | - A Paquette
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J D Parker
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - W C Parker
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Q Ponette
- Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain-Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - C Reynolds
- Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, UK
| | | | - R Ruiz-Peinado
- Institute of Forest Science (ICIFOR-INIA), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - M Scherer-Lorenzen
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - F J Silva-Pando
- AGACAL-Centro de Investigación Forestal de Lourizán, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - A Smolander
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Spyroglou
- Forest Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Dimitra, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - K Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - L Vesterdal
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - M Charru
- INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1391 ISPA, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Aguirre-Gutiérrez J, Díaz S, Rifai SW, Corral-Rivas JJ, Nava-Miranda MG, González-M R, Hurtado-M AB, Revilla NS, Vilanova E, Almeida E, de Oliveira EA, Alvarez-Davila E, Alves LF, de Andrade ACS, Lola da Costa AC, Vieira SA, Aragão L, Arets E, Aymard C GA, Baccaro F, Bakker YV, Baker TR, Bánki O, Baraloto C, de Camargo PB, Berenguer E, Blanc L, Bonal D, Bongers F, Bordin KM, Brienen R, Brown F, Prestes NCCS, Castilho CV, Ribeiro SC, de Souza FC, Comiskey JA, Valverde FC, Müller SC, da Costa Silva R, do Vale JD, de Andrade Kamimura V, de Oliveira Perdiz R, Del Aguila Pasquel J, Derroire G, Di Fiore A, Disney M, Farfan-Rios W, Fauset S, Feldpausch TR, Ramos RF, Llampazo GF, Martins VF, Fortunel C, Cabrera KG, Barroso JG, Hérault B, Herrera R, Honorio Coronado EN, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Pipoly JJ, Zanini KJ, Jiménez E, Joly CA, Kalamandeen M, Klipel J, Levesley A, Oviedo WL, Magnusson WE, Dos Santos RM, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, de Almeida Reis SM, Melo Cruz OA, Mendoza AM, Morandi P, Muscarella R, Nascimento H, Neill DA, Menor IO, Palacios WA, Palacios-Ramos S, Pallqui Camacho NC, Pardo G, Pennington RT, de Oliveira Pereira L, Pickavance G, Picolotto RC, Pitman NCA, Prieto A, Quesada C, Ramírez-Angulo H, Réjou-Méchain M, Correa ZR, Reyna Huaymacari JM, Rodriguez CR, Rivas-Torres G, Roopsind A, Rudas A, Salgado Negret B, et alAguirre-Gutiérrez J, Díaz S, Rifai SW, Corral-Rivas JJ, Nava-Miranda MG, González-M R, Hurtado-M AB, Revilla NS, Vilanova E, Almeida E, de Oliveira EA, Alvarez-Davila E, Alves LF, de Andrade ACS, Lola da Costa AC, Vieira SA, Aragão L, Arets E, Aymard C GA, Baccaro F, Bakker YV, Baker TR, Bánki O, Baraloto C, de Camargo PB, Berenguer E, Blanc L, Bonal D, Bongers F, Bordin KM, Brienen R, Brown F, Prestes NCCS, Castilho CV, Ribeiro SC, de Souza FC, Comiskey JA, Valverde FC, Müller SC, da Costa Silva R, do Vale JD, de Andrade Kamimura V, de Oliveira Perdiz R, Del Aguila Pasquel J, Derroire G, Di Fiore A, Disney M, Farfan-Rios W, Fauset S, Feldpausch TR, Ramos RF, Llampazo GF, Martins VF, Fortunel C, Cabrera KG, Barroso JG, Hérault B, Herrera R, Honorio Coronado EN, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Pipoly JJ, Zanini KJ, Jiménez E, Joly CA, Kalamandeen M, Klipel J, Levesley A, Oviedo WL, Magnusson WE, Dos Santos RM, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, de Almeida Reis SM, Melo Cruz OA, Mendoza AM, Morandi P, Muscarella R, Nascimento H, Neill DA, Menor IO, Palacios WA, Palacios-Ramos S, Pallqui Camacho NC, Pardo G, Pennington RT, de Oliveira Pereira L, Pickavance G, Picolotto RC, Pitman NCA, Prieto A, Quesada C, Ramírez-Angulo H, Réjou-Méchain M, Correa ZR, Reyna Huaymacari JM, Rodriguez CR, Rivas-Torres G, Roopsind A, Rudas A, Salgado Negret B, van der Sande MT, Santana FD, Maës Santos FA, Bergamin RS, Silman MR, Silva C, Espejo JS, Silveira M, Souza FC, Sullivan MJP, Swamy V, Talbot J, Terborgh JJ, van der Meer PJ, van der Heijden G, van Ulft B, Martinez RV, Vedovato L, Vleminckx J, Vos VA, Wortel V, Zuidema PA, Zwerts JA, Laurance SGW, Laurance WF, Chave J, Dalling JW, Barlow J, Poorter L, Enquist BJ, Ter Steege H, Phillips OL, Galbraith D, Malhi Y. Tropical forests in the Americas are changing too slowly to track climate change. Science 2025; 387:eadl5414. [PMID: 40048518 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl5414] [Show More Authors] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2025] [Indexed: 04/23/2025]
Abstract
Understanding the capacity of forests to adapt to climate change is of pivotal importance for conservation science, yet this is still widely unknown. This knowledge gap is particularly acute in high-biodiversity tropical forests. Here, we examined how tropical forests of the Americas have shifted community trait composition in recent decades as a response to changes in climate. Based on historical trait-climate relationships, we found that, overall, the studied functional traits show shifts of less than 8% of what would be expected given the observed changes in climate. However, the recruit assemblage shows shifts of 21% relative to climate change expectation. The most diverse forests on Earth are changing in functional trait composition but at a rate that is fundamentally insufficient to track climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Nature Recovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandra Díaz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sami W Rifai
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jose Javier Corral-Rivas
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Maria Guadalupe Nava-Miranda
- Escuela Politécnica Superior de Ingeniería. Campus Terra. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, España
- Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades. Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Roy González-M
- Programa Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad del Tolima, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Ana Belén Hurtado-M
- Programa Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Norma Salinas Revilla
- Institute for Nature Earth and Energy, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Everton Almeida
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), Rua Vera Paz, s/n (Unidade Tapajós), Bairro Salé, Santarém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Edmar Almeida de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana F Alves
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ana Cristina Segalin de Andrade
- Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Aparecida Vieira
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luiz Aragão
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
- University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Eric Arets
- Wageningen Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerardo A Aymard C
- UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Estado Portuguesa, Venezuela
| | - Fabrício Baccaro
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Olaf Bánki
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Christopher Baraloto
- International Center for Tropical Botany (ICTB) Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Erika Berenguer
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Lilian Blanc
- CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, Montpellier, France
- Forêts et Sociétés, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Bonal
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, Nancy, France
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kauane Maiara Bordin
- Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Roel Brienen
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Foster Brown
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, MA, USA
| | - Nayane Cristina C S Prestes
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Carolina V Castilho
- Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, Embrapa Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Universitário, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | | | - James A Comiskey
- National Park Service, Fredericksburg, VA, USA
- Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Richarlly da Costa Silva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Acre, Campus Baixada do Sol, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | | | - Vitor de Andrade Kamimura
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira Perdiz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Luz da Floresta, Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil
| | - Jhon Del Aguila Pasquel
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Géraldine Derroire
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mathias Disney
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
- NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), London, UK
| | - William Farfan-Rios
- Biology Department and Sabin Center for Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Herbario Vargas (CUZ), Escuela Profesional de Biología, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
| | - Sophie Fauset
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science, and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Rafael Flora Ramos
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Valéria Forni Martins
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Natural Sciences, Maths, and Education, Centre for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claire Fortunel
- AMAP (Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations), Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Karina Garcia Cabrera
- Biology Department and Sabin Center for Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Bruno Hérault
- CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, Montpellier, France
- Forêts et Sociétés, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Rafael Herrera
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | - Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco
- Herbario Alwyn Gentry (HAG), Universidad Nacional Amazónica de Madre de Dios (UNAMAD), Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru
- Centro Ecológico INKAMAZONIA, Valle de Kosñipata, Cusco, Peru
| | - John J Pipoly
- Broward County Parks & Recreation Division, Oakland Park, FL, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Katia Janaina Zanini
- Plant Ecology Lab, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eliana Jiménez
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología y Conservación de Fauna y Flora Silvestre, Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Imani, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Amazonia, Amazonas, Colombia, Suramérica
| | - Carlos A Joly
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Joice Klipel
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Germany
| | | | - Wilmar Lopez Oviedo
- Smurfit Kappa Colombia, Yumbo, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia Medellín, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | | | - Rubens Manoel Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Schwantes Marimon
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Marimon-Junior
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Simone Matias de Almeida Reis
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Universitário, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | | | - Abel Monteagudo Mendoza
- Herbario Vargas (CUZ), Escuela Profesional de Biología, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
- Jardín Botánco de Missouri, Oxapampa, Peru
| | - Paulo Morandi
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Robert Muscarella
- Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrique Nascimento
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - David A Neill
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador
| | - Imma Oliveras Menor
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- AMAP (Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations), Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Walter A Palacios
- Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Guido Pardo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales de la Amazonía, Universidad Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia
| | - R Toby Pennington
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
- Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | - Nigel C A Pitman
- Science & Education, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adriana Prieto
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Quesada
- Coordination of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute for Amazonian Research, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Hirma Ramírez-Angulo
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | | | | | | | | | - Gonzalo Rivas-Torres
- Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Agustín Rudas
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Masha T van der Sande
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Flavio Antonio Maës Santos
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Miles R Silman
- Biology Department and Sabin Center for Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Camila Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia (IPAM), Brasília- DF., Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Silveira
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Universitário, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cristina Souza
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Martin J P Sullivan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Varun Swamy
- Center for Energy, Environment & Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC, USA
| | - Joey Talbot
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - John J Terborgh
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Bert van Ulft
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Vincent Antoine Vos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales de la Amazonía, Universidad Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia
| | - Verginia Wortel
- Department of Forest Management, Centre for Agricultural Research in Suriname, CELOS, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Pieter A Zuidema
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Susan G W Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jerôme Chave
- Centre Recherche Biodiversité Environnement, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, IRD, INPT, UMR5300, Toulouse, France
| | - James W Dalling
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Hans Ter Steege
- Tropical Botany, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Quantitative Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Nature Recovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ter Steege H, Poorter L, Aguirre-Gutiérrez J, Fortunel C, Magnusson WE, Phillips OL, Pos E, Luize BG, Baraloto C, Guevara JE, Endara MJ, Baker TR, Umaña MN, van der Sande M, Pombo MM, McGlone M, Draper FC, do Amaral IL, Coelho LDS, Wittmann F, Almeida Matos FDD, Lima Filho DDA, Salomão RP, Castilho CV, Carim MDJV, Piedade MTF, Sabatier D, Molino JF, Demarchi LO, Cardenas Revilla JD, Schöngart J, Irume MV, Martins MP, da Silva Guimarães JR, Ramos JF, Bánki OS, Quaresma AC, Pitman NCA, Peres CA, de Jesus Rodrigues D, Hawes JE, Almeida EJ, Barbosa LF, Cavalheiro L, Santos MCVD, Leão Novo EMMD, Vargas PN, Silva TSF, Venticinque EM, Manzatto AG, Reis NFC, Terborgh J, Casula KR, Honorio Coronado EN, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Carlos Montero J, De Souza CR, Oliveira MVND, Costa FRC, Engel J, Feldpausch TR, Castaño Arboleda N, Durgante FM, Zartman CE, Killeen TJ, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Vasquez R, Mostacedo B, Assis RL, Amaral DDD, Castellanos H, Householder JE, de Medeiros MB, Simon MF, Andrade A, Camargo JL, Laurance SGW, Laurance WF, Rincón LM, Mori GB, Schietti J, Sousa TR, de Sousa Farias E, Lopes MA, Magalhães JLL, Nascimento HEM, de Queiroz HL, Vasconcelos CC, Aymard C GA, Brienen R, Sousa Assis PLD, Gris D, Ribeiro KAF, Stevenson PR, Araujo-Murakami A, Cintra BBL, Feitosa YO, Mogollón HF, Silman MR, et alTer Steege H, Poorter L, Aguirre-Gutiérrez J, Fortunel C, Magnusson WE, Phillips OL, Pos E, Luize BG, Baraloto C, Guevara JE, Endara MJ, Baker TR, Umaña MN, van der Sande M, Pombo MM, McGlone M, Draper FC, do Amaral IL, Coelho LDS, Wittmann F, Almeida Matos FDD, Lima Filho DDA, Salomão RP, Castilho CV, Carim MDJV, Piedade MTF, Sabatier D, Molino JF, Demarchi LO, Cardenas Revilla JD, Schöngart J, Irume MV, Martins MP, da Silva Guimarães JR, Ramos JF, Bánki OS, Quaresma AC, Pitman NCA, Peres CA, de Jesus Rodrigues D, Hawes JE, Almeida EJ, Barbosa LF, Cavalheiro L, Santos MCVD, Leão Novo EMMD, Vargas PN, Silva TSF, Venticinque EM, Manzatto AG, Reis NFC, Terborgh J, Casula KR, Honorio Coronado EN, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Carlos Montero J, De Souza CR, Oliveira MVND, Costa FRC, Engel J, Feldpausch TR, Castaño Arboleda N, Durgante FM, Zartman CE, Killeen TJ, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Vasquez R, Mostacedo B, Assis RL, Amaral DDD, Castellanos H, Householder JE, de Medeiros MB, Simon MF, Andrade A, Camargo JL, Laurance SGW, Laurance WF, Rincón LM, Mori GB, Schietti J, Sousa TR, de Sousa Farias E, Lopes MA, Magalhães JLL, Nascimento HEM, de Queiroz HL, Vasconcelos CC, Aymard C GA, Brienen R, Sousa Assis PLD, Gris D, Ribeiro KAF, Stevenson PR, Araujo-Murakami A, Cintra BBL, Feitosa YO, Mogollón HF, Silman MR, Ferreira LV, Lozada JR, Comiskey JA, de Toledo JJ, Damasco G, García-Villacorta R, Lopes A, Rios Paredes M, Vicentini A, Vieira ICG, Cornejo Valverde F, Alonso A, Arroyo L, Dallmeier F, Gomes VHF, Huari WN, Neill D, Peñuela Mora MC, de Aguiar DPP, Barbosa FR, Bredin YK, de Sá Carpanedo R, Carvalho FA, de Souza FC, Feeley KJ, Gribel R, Haugaasen T, Noronha JC, Pansonato MP, Pipoly JJ, Barlow J, Berenguer E, Silva IBD, Ferreira J, Ferreira MJ, Fine PVA, Guedes MC, Levis C, Carlos Licona J, Zegarra BEV, Vos VA, Cerón C, Fonty É, Henkel TW, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Silveira M, Stropp J, Thomas R, Daly D, Dexter KG, Milliken W, Molina GP, Pennington T, Albuquerque BW, Campelo W, Claros AF, Klitgaard B, Pena JLM, Montenegro LT, Tello JS, Vriesendorp C, Chave J, Di Fiore A, Hilário RR, de Oliveira Pereira L, Phillips JF, Rivas-Torres G, van Andel TR, Hildebrand PV, Balee W, Barbosa EM, Bonates LCDM, Dávila Doza HP, Zárate Gómez R, Gonzales GPG, Gonzales T, Hoffman B, Junqueira AB, Malhi Y, Miranda IPDA, Pinto LFM, Prieto A, Rudas A, Ruschel AR, Silva N, Vela CIA, Zent EL, Zent S, Cano A, Carrero Márquez YA, Correa DF, Costa JBP, Flores BM, Galbraith D, Holmgren M, Kalamandeen M, Lobo G, Mori Vargas T, Nascimento MT, Oliveira AA, Ramirez-Angulo H, Rocha M, Scudeller VV, Heijden GVD, Torre EV, Baider C, Balslev H, Cárdenas S, Casas LF, Farfan-Rios W, Linares-Palomino R, Mendoza C, Mesones I, Parada GA, Torres-Lezama A, Villarroel D, Zagt R, Alexiades MN, de Oliveira EA, Fortier RP, Garcia-Cabrera K, Hernandez L, Cuenca WP, Pansini S, Pauletto D, Arevalo FR, Sampaio AF, Valderrama Sandoval EH, Gamarra LV, Levesley A, Pickavance G. Functional composition of the Amazonian tree flora and forests. Commun Biol 2025; 8:355. [PMID: 40033015 PMCID: PMC11876319 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-025-07768-8] [Show More Authors] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2025] [Indexed: 03/05/2025] Open
Abstract
Plants cope with the environment by displaying large phenotypic variation. Two spectra of global plant form and function have been identified: a size spectrum from small to tall species with increasing stem tissue density, leaf size, and seed mass; a leaf economics spectrum reflecting slow to fast returns on investments in leaf nutrients and carbon. When species assemble to communities it is assumed that these spectra are filtered by the environment to produce community level functional composition. It is unknown what are the main drivers for community functional composition in a large area such as Amazonia. We use 13 functional traits, including wood density, seed mass, leaf characteristics, breeding system, nectar production, fruit type, and root characteristics of 812 tree genera (5211 species), and find that they describe two main axes found at the global scale. At community level, the first axis captures not only the 'fast-slow spectrum', but also most size-related traits. Climate and disturbance explain a minor part of this variance compared to soil fertility. Forests on poor soils differ largely in terms of trait values from those on rich soils. Trait composition and soil fertility exert a strong influence on forest functioning: biomass and relative biomass production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands.
- Quantitative Biodiversity Dynamics, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, Wageningen, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Nature Recovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13QY, UK
| | - Claire Fortunel
- AMAP (botAnique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des végétations), Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, F-34398, France
| | - William E Magnusson
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Oliver L Phillips
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Edwin Pos
- Quantitative Biodiversity Dynamics, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Utrecht University Botanic Gardens, P.O. Box 80162, Utrecht, 3508 TD, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Garcia Luize
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, CP 6109, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Chris Baraloto
- International Center for Tropical Botany (ICTB) Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, OE 243, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Juan Ernesto Guevara
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología y Evolución en los Trópicos-EETrop, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, 170124, Ecuador
| | - María-José Endara
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología y Evolución en los Trópicos-EETrop, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, 170124, Ecuador
| | - Tim R Baker
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Maria Natalia Umaña
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Masha van der Sande
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, Wageningen, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Maihyra Marina Pombo
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Matt McGlone
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand
| | - Freddie C Draper
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Iêda Leão do Amaral
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Luiz de Souza Coelho
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Florian Wittmann
- Wetland Department, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT, Josefstr.1, Rastatt, D-76437, Germany
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Diógenes de Andrade Lima Filho
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Rafael P Salomão
- Programa Professor Visitante Nacional Sênior na Amazônia - CAPES, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Av. Perimetral, s/n, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA, 66040-170, Brazil
| | - Carolina V Castilho
- Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, Embrapa Roraima, BR 174, km 8 - Distrito Industrial, Boa Vista, RR, 69301-970, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Amapá - IEPA, Rodovia JK, Km 10, Campus do IEPA da Fazendinha, Macapá, AP, 68901-025, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Daniel Sabatier
- AMAP (botAnique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des végétations), Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, F-34398, France
| | - Jean-François Molino
- AMAP (botAnique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des végétations), Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, F-34398, France
| | - Layon O Demarchi
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Juan David Cardenas Revilla
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Jochen Schöngart
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Mariana Victória Irume
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Maria Pires Martins
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | | | - José Ferreira Ramos
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Olaf S Bánki
- Catalogue of Life, Darwinweg 2, Leiden, 2333 CR, The Netherlands
| | - Adriano Costa Quaresma
- Wetland Department, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT, Josefstr.1, Rastatt, D-76437, Germany
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Nigel C A Pitman
- Collections, Conservation and Research, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605-2496, USA
| | - Carlos A Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues
- ICNHS, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Alexandre Ferronato 1200, Setor Industrial, Sinop, MT, 78.557-267, Brazil
| | - Joseph E Hawes
- Institute of Science and Environment, University of Cumbria, Ambleside, Cumbria, LA22 9BB, UK
| | - Everton José Almeida
- ICNHS, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Alexandre Ferronato, 1200, Sinop, MT, 78557-267, Brazil
| | - Luciane Ferreira Barbosa
- ICNHS, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Alexandre Ferronato, 1200, Sinop, MT, 78557-267, Brazil
| | - Larissa Cavalheiro
- ICNHS, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Alexandre Ferronato, 1200, Sinop, MT, 78557-267, Brazil
| | | | - Evlyn Márcia Moraes de Leão Novo
- Divisao de Sensoriamento Remoto - DSR, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, Jardim da Granja, São José dos Campos, SP, 12227-010, Brazil
| | - Percy Núñez Vargas
- Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Avenida de la Cultura, Nro 733, Cusco, Cuzco, Peru
| | | | - Eduardo Martins Venticinque
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, RN, 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Angelo Gilberto Manzatto
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Rodovia BR 364 s/n Km 9,5 - Sentido Acre, Unir, Porto Velho, RO, 76.824-027, Brazil
| | - Neidiane Farias Costa Reis
- Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia PPG- Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus Porto Velho Km 9, 5 bairro Rural, Porto Velho, RO, 76.824-027, Brazil
| | - John Terborgh
- Department of Biology and Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia
| | - Katia Regina Casula
- Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia PPG- Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus Porto Velho Km 9, 5 bairro Rural, Porto Velho, RO, 76.824-027, Brazil
| | | | - Abel Monteagudo Mendoza
- Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Avenida de la Cultura, Nro 733, Cusco, Cuzco, Peru
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru
| | - Juan Carlos Montero
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Av. 6 de agosto #28, Km. 14, Doble via La Guardia, Casilla, 6204, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | | | - Flávia R C Costa
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Julien Engel
- AMAP (botAnique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des végétations), Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, F-34398, France
- International Center for Tropical Botany (ICTB) Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, OE 243, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | | | - Flávia Machado Durgante
- Wetland Department, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT, Josefstr.1, Rastatt, D-76437, Germany
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Charles Eugene Zartman
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz S Marimon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Marimon-Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | | | - Bonifacio Mostacedo
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Rafael L Assis
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém, Pará, 66055-090, Brazil
| | - Dário Dantas do Amaral
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA, 66040-170, Brazil
| | - Hernán Castellanos
- Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas de Guayana, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Calle Chile, urbaniz Chilemex, Puerto Ordaz, Bolivar, Venezuela
| | - John Ethan Householder
- Wetland Department, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT, Josefstr.1, Rastatt, D-76437, Germany
| | - Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, Prédio da Botânica e Ecologia, Brasilia, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fragomeni Simon
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, Prédio da Botânica e Ecologia, Brasilia, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Ana Andrade
- Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - José Luís Camargo
- Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Susan G W Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia
| | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia
| | - Lorena Maniguaje Rincón
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Gisele Biem Mori
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Juliana Schietti
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Thaiane R Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Emanuelle de Sousa Farias
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis da Amazônia (EDTA), Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Rua Terezina, 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, AM, 69060-001, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Lopes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa 01, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - José Leonardo Lima Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa 01, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Trav. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro s/n°, Belém, PA, 66095-903, Brazil
| | - Henrique Eduardo Mendonça Nascimento
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Helder Lima de Queiroz
- Diretoria Técnico-Científica, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69470-000, Brazil
| | - Caroline C Vasconcelos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia (Botânica), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Gerardo A Aymard C
- Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), UNELLEZ-Guanare, Guanare, Portuguesa, 3350, Venezuela
| | - Roel Brienen
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Pâmella Leite de Sousa Assis
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia Florestal, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
| | - Darlene Gris
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia Florestal, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
| | - Karoline Aparecida Felix Ribeiro
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia Florestal, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
| | - Pablo R Stevenson
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Post al, 2489, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham Institute for Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yuri Oliveira Feitosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia (Botânica), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Hugo F Mogollón
- Endangered Species Coalition, 8530 Geren Rd, Silver Spring, MD, 20901, USA
| | - Miles R Silman
- Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston Salem, NC, 27106, USA
| | - Leandro Valle Ferreira
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA, 66040-170, Brazil
| | - José Rafael Lozada
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes, Via Chorros de Milla, 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - James A Comiskey
- Inventory and Monitoring Program, National Park Service, 120 Chatham Lane, Fredericksburg, VA, 22405, USA
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1100 Jefferson Dr. SW, Suite 3123, Washington, DC, 20560-0705, USA
| | - José Julio de Toledo
- Universidade Federal do Amapá, Ciências Ambientais, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek km2, Macapá, AP, 68902-280, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Damasco
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Carl Skottbergs gata 22b, Gothenburg, 413 19, Sweden
| | - Roosevelt García-Villacorta
- Centro para la Restauración y Bioeconomía Sostenible - CREBIOS, Lima, 15088, Peru
- Peruvian Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (PCBC), Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - Aline Lopes
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Clean Technologies, UniCesumar and Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology, and Innovation (ICETI), UniCesumar, Av. Guedner, 1610 - Jardim Aclimação, Maringá, PR, 87050-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rios Paredes
- Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Jr. Independencia 405, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - Alberto Vicentini
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA, 66040-170, Brazil
| | | | - Alfonso Alonso
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1100 Jefferson Dr. SW, Suite 3123, Washington, DC, 20560-0705, USA
| | - Luzmila Arroyo
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Post al, 2489, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Francisco Dallmeier
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Ave, Washington, DC, 20008, USA
- Nature and Sustainability Solutions LLC, 2710 Isles of St. Marys Way, St. Marys, GA, 31558, USA
| | - Vitor H F Gomes
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland
- Environmental Science Program, Geosciences Department, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa 01, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - William Nauray Huari
- Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Avenida de la Cultura, Nro 733, Cusco, Cuzco, Peru
| | - David Neill
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador
| | | | - Daniel P P de Aguiar
- Procuradoria-Geral de Justiça, Ministério Público do Estado do Amazonas, Av. Coronel Teixeira, 7995, Manaus, AM, 69037-473, Brazil
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Flávia Rodrigues Barbosa
- ICNHS, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Alexandre Ferronato 1200, Setor Industrial, Sinop, MT, 78.557-267, Brazil
| | - Yennie K Bredin
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, P.O. Box 5003 NMBU, Aas, 1432 Aas, Trondheim, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Sognsveien 68, Oslo, 0855, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rainiellen de Sá Carpanedo
- ICNHS, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Alexandre Ferronato 1200, Setor Industrial, Sinop, MT, 78.557-267, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Antunes Carvalho
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Coelho de Souza
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Kenneth J Feeley
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Coral Gables, FL, 33156, USA
| | - Rogerio Gribel
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Torbjørn Haugaasen
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, P.O. Box 5003 NMBU, Aas, 1432 Aas, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Janaína Costa Noronha
- ICNHS, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Alexandre Ferronato 1200, Setor Industrial, Sinop, MT, 78.557-267, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Petratti Pansonato
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - John J Pipoly
- Dept. Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
- Broward County Parks and Recreation, Oakland Park, FL, 33309, USA
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Izaias Brasil da Silva
- Postgraduate program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology - Bionorte, Federal University of Acre, Rodovia 364, km 4.5, Distrito industrial, Rio Branco, AC, 69900-000, Brazil
| | - Joice Ferreira
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Trav. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro s/n°, Belém, PA, 66095-903, Brazil
| | - Maria Julia Ferreira
- Scientific research program, Juruá Institute, Rua Ajuricaba, 359, Aleixo, Manaus, AM, 69083-000, Brazil
| | - Paul V A Fine
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA
| | - Marcelino Carneiro Guedes
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Amapá, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek km 5, Macapá, AP, 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Carolina Levis
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Universitário - Córrego Grande, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Juan Carlos Licona
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Av. 6 de agosto #28, Km. 14, Doble via La Guardia, Casilla, 6204, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Vincent Antoine Vos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales de la Amazonía, Universidad Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián, Campus Universitario Final, Av. Ejercito, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia
| | - Carlos Cerón
- Escuela de Biología Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Central, Ap. Postal 17.01.2177, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Émile Fonty
- AMAP (botAnique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des végétations), Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, F-34398, France
- Direction régionale de la Guyane, Office national des forêts, Cayenne, F-97300, French Guiana
| | - Terry W Henkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, 1 Harpst Street, Arcata, CA, 95521, USA
| | - Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco
- Herbario HAG, Universidad Nacional Amazónica de Madre de Dios (UNAMAD), Av. Jorge Chávez, 1160, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru
| | - Marcos Silveira
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rodovia BR 364, Km 4, s/n, Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, 69915-559, Brazil
| | - Juliana Stropp
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C. de José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Raquel Thomas
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rain Forest Conservation and Development, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Doug Daly
- New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd, Bronx, New York, NY, 10458-5126, USA
| | - Kyle G Dexter
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - William Milliken
- Department for Ecosystem Stewardship, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Guido Pardo Molina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales de la Amazonía, Universidad Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián, Campus Universitario Final, Av. Ejercito, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia
| | - Toby Pennington
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
- Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Bianca Weiss Albuquerque
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Wegliane Campelo
- Universidade Federal do Amapá, Ciências Ambientais, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek km2, Macapá, AP, 68902-280, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Fuentes Claros
- Latin America Department, Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, Carrera de Biologia, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Bente Klitgaard
- Department for Accelerated Taxonomy, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - José Luis Marcelo Pena
- Laboratorio de Plantas Vasculares y Herbario ISV, Universidad Nacional de Jaén, Carretera Jaén San Ignacio Km 23, Jaén, Cajamarca, 06801, Peru
| | - Luis Torres Montenegro
- Collections, Conservation and Research, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605-2496, USA
| | - J Sebastián Tello
- Latin America Department, Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Corine Vriesendorp
- Collections, Conservation and Research, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605-2496, USA
| | - Jerome Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 5174 EDB, Toulouse, 31000, France
| | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, SAC 5.150, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito-USFQ, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Renato Richard Hilário
- Universidade Federal do Amapá, Ciências Ambientais, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek km2, Macapá, AP, 68902-280, Brazil
| | - Luciana de Oliveira Pereira
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | | | - Gonzalo Rivas-Torres
- Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito-USFQ, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Tinde R van Andel
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
- Biosystematics group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | | | - William Balee
- Department of Anthropology, Tulane University, 101 Dinwiddie Hall, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Edelcilio Marques Barbosa
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Zárate Gómez
- PROTERRA, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Av. A. Quiñones km 2,5, Iquitos, Loreto, 784, Peru
| | | | - Therany Gonzales
- ACEER Foundation, Jirón Cusco N° 370, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru
| | - Bruce Hoffman
- Amazon Conservation Team, 4211 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA, 22203, USA
| | - André Braga Junqueira
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Prieto
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado, 7945, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Agustín Rudas
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado, 7945, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Ademir R Ruschel
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Trav. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro s/n°, Belém, PA, 66095-903, Brazil
| | - Natalino Silva
- Instituto de Ciência Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, Belém, PA, 66.077-830, Brazil
| | - César I A Vela
- Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Jirón San Martín 451, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru
| | - Egleé L Zent
- Laboratory of Human Ecology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Ado 20632, Caracas, DC, 1020A, Venezuela
| | - Stanford Zent
- Laboratory of Human Ecology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Ado 20632, Caracas, DC, 1020A, Venezuela
| | - Angela Cano
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia
- Cambridge University Botanic Garden, Cambridge University, 1 Brookside, Cambridge, CB2 1JE, UK
| | - Yrma Andreina Carrero Márquez
- Programa de Maestria de Manejo de Bosques, Universidad de los Andes, Via Chorros de Milla, 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Diego F Correa
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science CBCS, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa Costa
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Amapá, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek km 5, Macapá, AP, 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Monteiro Flores
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Universitário - Córrego Grande, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - David Galbraith
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Milena Holmgren
- Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, Lumen, building number 100, Wageningen, Gelderland, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | | | - Guilherme Lobo
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, CP 6109, Campinas, SP, 13083-867, Brazil
| | - Tony Mori Vargas
- Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Pevas 5ta cdra, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - Marcelo Trindade Nascimento
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-620, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A Oliveira
- Instituto de Biociências - Dept. Ecologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Hirma Ramirez-Angulo
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Maira Rocha
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Vizoni Scudeller
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM - Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB1, Av General Rodrigo Octavio 6200, Manaus, AM, 69080-900, Brazil
| | - Geertje van der Heijden
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Emilio Vilanova Torre
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
- Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY, 10460, USA
| | - Cláudia Baider
- Instituto de Biociências - Dept. Ecologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
- The Mauritius Herbarium, Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, Reduit, 80835, Mauritius
| | - Henrik Balslev
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Building 1540, Aarhus C, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Sasha Cárdenas
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia
| | - Luisa Fernanda Casas
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia
| | - William Farfan-Rios
- Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Avenida de la Cultura, Nro 733, Cusco, Cuzco, Peru
- Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston Salem, NC, 27106, USA
| | - Reynaldo Linares-Palomino
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1100 Jefferson Dr. SW, Suite 3123, Washington, DC, 20560-0705, USA
| | - Casimiro Mendoza
- Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR), Universidad Mayor de San Simon (UMSS), Sacta, Cochabamba, Bolivia
- FOMABO, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia, Sacta, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Italo Mesones
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA
| | - Germaine Alexander Parada
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Post al, 2489, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Armando Torres-Lezama
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Daniel Villarroel
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Post al, 2489, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
- Fundación Amigos de la Naturaleza (FAN), Km. 7 1/2 Doble Vía La Guardia, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Roderick Zagt
- Tropenbos International, Horaplantsoen 12, Ede, 6717 LT, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel N Alexiades
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Marlowe Building, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Edmar Almeida de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Riley P Fortier
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Karina Garcia-Cabrera
- Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston Salem, NC, 27106, USA
| | - Lionel Hernandez
- Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas de Guayana, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Calle Chile, urbaniz Chilemex, Puerto Ordaz, Bolivar, Venezuela
| | | | - Susamar Pansini
- Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia PPG- Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus Porto Velho Km 9, 5 bairro Rural, Porto Velho, RO, 76.824-027, Brazil
| | - Daniela Pauletto
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, Campus Tapajós, Santarém, PA, 68015-110, Brazil
| | - Freddy Ramirez Arevalo
- Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Pevas 5ta cdra, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - Adeilza Felipe Sampaio
- Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia PPG- Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus Porto Velho Km 9, 5 bairro Rural, Porto Velho, RO, 76.824-027, Brazil
| | - Elvis H Valderrama Sandoval
- Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Pevas 5ta cdra, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | | | - Aurora Levesley
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Georgia Pickavance
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhu B, Wei C, Zhou H, Chen W, Siemann E, Lu X. Traits estimated when grown alone may underestimate the competitive advantage and invasiveness of exotic species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2025; 245:2202-2213. [PMID: 39351648 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2025]
Abstract
Functional differences between native and exotic species, estimated when species are grown alone or in mixtures, are often used to predict the invasion risk of exotic species. However, it remains elusive whether the functional differences estimated by the two methods and their ability to predict species invasiveness (e.g. high abundance) are consistent. We compiled data from two common garden experiments, in which specific leaf area, height, and aboveground biomass of 64 common native and exotic invasive species in China were estimated when grown individually (pot) or in mixtures (field). Exotic species accumulated higher aboveground biomass than natives, but only when grown in field mixtures. Moreover, aboveground biomass and functional distinctiveness estimated in mixtures were more predictive of species persistence and relative abundance in the field mixtures in the second year than those estimated when grown alone. These findings suggest that assessing species traits while grown alone may underestimate the competitive advantage for some exotic species, highlighting the importance of trait-by-environment interactions in shaping species invasion. Therefore, we propose that integrating multi-site or multi-year field surveys and manipulative experiments is required to best identify the key trait(s) and environment(s) that interactively shape species invasion and community dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Lab, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunqiang Wei
- Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Guilin, 540016, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Lab, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Lab, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Xinmin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Lab, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zukswert JM, Vadeboncoeur MA, Fahey TJ, Yanai RD. Treatment effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on foliar traits in six northern hardwood tree species. Oecologia 2025; 207:23. [PMID: 39838106 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-025-05664-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2025] [Indexed: 01/23/2025]
Abstract
Foliar traits can reflect fitness responses to environmental changes, such as changes in nutrient availability. Species may respond differently to these changes due to differences in traits and their plasticity. Traits and community composition together can influence forest nutrient cycling. We compared five traits-foliar N, foliar P, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), and leaf carbon isotope ratio (δ13C)-in six northern hardwood tree species (Acer rubrum, Acer saccharum, Betula alleghaniensis, Betula papyrifera, Fagus grandifolia, and Prunus pensylvanica) in a nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization study across 10 mid- and late-successional forest stands in New Hampshire, USA. We also analyzed the response of tree growth to N and P addition. Nutrient addition shifted trait values towards the "acquisitive" side of the spectrum for all traits except δ13C, reflecting a tradeoff between water-use efficiency and nutrient-use efficiency. Treatment responses in relative basal area increment revealed that the Betula species were N-limited, but traits of all species responded to either or both N and P addition in ways that suggest N and P co-limitation. Two species displayed lower foliar P under N addition, and three species displayed lower foliar N under P addition, which also suggests co-limitation. These indications of co-limitation were reflected at the community level. Specific leaf area, LDMC, and δ13C differed with stand age within several species. Examining trait responses of tree species and communities to nutrient availability increases our understanding of biological mechanisms underlying the complex effects of nutrient availability on forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Zukswert
- Department of Sustainable Resources Management, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Timothy J Fahey
- Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ruth D Yanai
- Department of Sustainable Resources Management, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Westoby M. Trait-based ecology, trait-free ecology, and in between. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2025; 245:33-39. [PMID: 39410833 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 12/06/2024]
Abstract
Trait-based ecology has become a popular phrase. But all species have traits, and their contributions to ecological processes are governed by those traits. So then, is not all ecology trait-based? Actually, there do exist areas of ecology that are consciously trait-free, such as neutral theory and species abundance distributions. But much of ecology could be considered actually or potentially trait-based. A spectrum is described, from trait-free through trait-implicit and trait-explicit to trait-centric. Trait-centric ecology includes positioning ecological strategies along trait dimensions, with a view to inferring commonalities and to generalizing from species studied in more detail. Trait-explicit includes physiological and functional ecology, and areas of community ecology and ecosystem function that invoke traits. Trait-implicit topics are those where it is important that species are different, but formulations did not initially characterize the differences via traits. Subsequently, strands within these trait-implicit topics have often moved towards making use of species traits, so the boundary with trait-explicit is permeable. Trait-based ecology is productive because of the dialogue between understanding processes in detail, via traits that relate most closely, and generalizing across many species, via traits that can be compared widely. An enduring key question for trait-based ecology is which traits for which processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Westoby
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Laughlin DC. Unifying functional and population ecology to test the adaptive value of traits. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:1976-1991. [PMID: 38855941 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Plant strategies are phenotypes shaped by natural selection that enable populations to persist in a given environment. Plant strategy theory is essential for understanding the assembly of plant communities, predicting plant responses to climate change, and enhancing the restoration of our degrading biosphere. However, models of plant strategies vary widely and have tended to emphasize either functional traits or life-history traits at the expense of integrating both into a general framework to improve our ecological and evolutionary understanding of plant form and function. Advancing our understanding of plant strategies will require investment in two complementary research agendas that together will unify functional ecology and population ecology. First, we must determine what is phenotypically possible by quantifying the dimensionality of plant traits. This step requires dense taxonomic sampling of traits on species representing the broad diversity of phylogenetic clades, environmental gradients, and geographical regions found across Earth. It is important that we continue to sample traits locally and share data globally to fill biased gaps in trait databases. Second, we must test the power of traits for explaining species distributions, demographic rates, and population growth rates across gradients of resource limitation, disturbance regimes, temperature, vegetation density, and frequencies of other strategies. This step requires thoughtful, theory-driven empiricism. Reciprocal transplant experiments beyond the native range and synthetic demographic modelling are the most powerful methods to determine how trait-by-environment interactions influence fitness. Moving beyond easy-to-measure traits and evaluating the traits that are under the strongest ecological selection within different environmental contexts will improve our understanding of plant adaptations. Plant strategy theory is poised to (i) unpack the multiple dimensions of productivity and disturbance gradients and differentiate adaptations to climate and resource limitation from adaptations to disturbance, (ii) distinguish between the fundamental and realized niches of phenotypes, and (iii) articulate the distinctions and relationships between functional traits and life-history traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Laughlin
- Botany Department, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, 82071, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yu H, Zhang R, Huang W, Liu W, Zhan J, Wang R, Zhao X, Feng Q. Seed Traits and Germination of Invasive Plant Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae) in the Arid Zone of Northern China Indicate Invasion Patterns. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:3287. [PMID: 39683078 DOI: 10.3390/plants13233287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2024] [Revised: 11/16/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024]
Abstract
The ability of seeds to germinate under a wide range of environmental conditions is an important characteristic of invasive alien plant species. Solanum rostratum Dunal, has been widely distributed in the Northeast and Northwest of China and is causing huge damage to the local agricultural production. Studies on seed germination and response among populations to environmental stress may assist in revealing the adaptability of invasive plants and how they cope with climate change. In this study, we collected seeds from five invasive plant populations of S. rostratum, with intervals of over 3000 km between them, distributed in different habitats and climate zones. We measured the differences in seed traits between populations and studied the trends in germination responses of S. rostratum seeds under diverse abiotic stress conditions. The weight and size of S. rostratum seeds distributed in Northeast China were significantly greater than those distributed in Northwest China; for the response of S. rostratum seed germination to environmental factors, seeds from arid and extremely arid areas of Northwest China had greater tolerance to high temperatures and osmotic stress, while seeds from semi-arid areas of Northeast China were more sensitive to low temperatures and high salt stress. Overall, the germination of S. rostratum seeds responded differently to various environmental stress factors, reflecting the ability of S. rostratum to occupy germination sites under low resource competition. Given the rapid changes in the global climate, our findings provide new insights into the seed adaptation strategies of alien plants during the invasion process and the mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Runxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wenda Huang
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jin Zhan
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ruixiong Wang
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xueyong Zhao
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu C, Huang K, Zhao Y, Li Y, He N. A continental-scale analysis reveals the latitudinal gradient of stomatal density across amphistomatous species: evolutionary history vs. present-day environment. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 134:877-886. [PMID: 39136155 PMCID: PMC11639198 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Amphistomy is a potential method for increasing photosynthetic rate; however, the latitudinal gradients of stomatal density across amphistomatous species and their drivers remain unknown. METHODS Here, the adaxial stomatal density (SDad) and abaxial stomatal density (SDab) of 486 amphistomatous species-site combinations, belonging to 32 plant families, were collected from China, and their total stomatal density (SDtotal) and stomatal ratio (SR) were calculated. KEY RESULTS Overall, these four stomatal traits did not show significant phylogenetic signals. There were no significant differences in SDab and SDtotal between woody and herbaceous species, but SDad and SR were higher in woody species than in herbaceous species. Besides, a significantly positive relationship between SDab and SDad was observed. We also found that stomatal density (including SDab, SDad and SDtotal) decreased with latitude, whereas SR increased with latitude, and temperature seasonality was the most important environmental factor driving it. Besides, evolutionary history (represented by both phylogeny and species) explained ~10- to 22-fold more of the variation in stomatal traits than the present-day environment (65.2-71.1 vs. 2.9-6.8 %). CONCLUSIONS Our study extended our knowledge of trait-environment relationships and highlighted the importance of evolutionary history in driving stomatal trait variability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kexiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yifei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Earth Critical Zone and Flux Research Station of Xing’an Mountains, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Daxing’anling 165200, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pavanetto N, Niinemets Ü, Rueda M, Puglielli G. Macroecology of Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Woody Plants of the Northern Hemisphere: Tolerance Biomes and Polytolerance Hotspots. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e70016. [PMID: 39623739 PMCID: PMC11612541 DOI: 10.1111/ele.70016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 12/06/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the main ecological constraints on plants' adaptive strategies to tolerate multiple abiotic stresses is a central topic in plant ecology. We aimed to uncover such constraints by analysing how the interactions between climate, soil features and species functional traits co-determine the distribution and diversity of stress tolerance strategies to drought, shade, cold and waterlogging in woody plants of the Northern Hemisphere. Functional traits and soil fertility predominantly determined drought and waterlogging/cold tolerance strategies, while climatic factors strongly influenced shade tolerance. We describe the observed patterns by defining 'stress tolerance biomes' and 'polytolerance hotspots', that is, geographic regions where woody plant assemblages have converged to specific tolerance strategies and where the coexistence of multiple tolerance strategies is frequent. The depiction of these regions provides the first macroecological overview of the main environmental and functional requirements underlying the ecological limits to the diversity of abiotic stress tolerance strategies in woody plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pavanetto
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
- Estonian Academy of SciencesTallinnEstonia
| | - Marta Rueda
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Giacomo Puglielli
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Silva JLA, Souza A, Vitória AP. Detection of functional diversity gradients and their geoclimatic filters is sensitive to data types (occurrence vs. abundance) and spatial scales (sites vs. regions). PLANT DIVERSITY 2024; 46:732-743. [PMID: 39811812 PMCID: PMC11726052 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025]
Abstract
Functional diversity (FD) reflects within- and between-site variation of species traits (α- and β-FD, respectively). Understanding how much data types (occurrence-based vs. abundance-weighted) and spatial scales (sites vs. regions) change FD and ultimately interfere with the detection of underlying geoclimatic filters is still debated. To contribute to this debate, we explored the occurrence of 1690 species in 690 sites, abundances of 1198 species in 343 sites, and seven functional traits of the Atlantic Forest woody flora in South America. All FD indices were sensitive and dependent on the data type at both scales, with occurrence particularly increasing α richness and dispersion (occurrence > abundance in 80% of the sites) while abundance increased β total, β replacement, and α evenness (abundance > occurrence in 60% of the sites). Furthermore, detecting the effect of geoclimatic filters depended on the data type and was scale-dependent. At the site scale, precipitation seasonality and soil depth had weak effects on α- and β-FD (max. R2 = 0.11). However, regional-scale patterns of α richness, dispersion, and evenness strongly mirrored the variation in precipitation seasonality, soil depth, forest stability over the last 120 kyr, and cation exchange capacity (correlations > 0.80), suggesting that geoclimatic filters manifest stronger effects at the regional scale. Also, the role of edaphic gradients expands the idea of biogeographical filters beyond climate. Our findings caution functional biogeographic studies to consider the effect of data type and spatial scale before designing and reaching ecological conclusions about the complex nature of FD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Luiz Alves Silva
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Souza
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Angela Pierre Vitória
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu D, Esquivel-Muelbert A, Acil N, Astigarraga J, Cienciala E, Fridman J, Kunstler G, Matthews TJ, Ruiz-Benito P, Sadler JP, Schelhaas MJ, Suvanto S, Talarczyk A, Woodall CW, Zavala MA, Zhang C, Pugh TAM. Mapping multi-dimensional variability in water stress strategies across temperate forests. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8909. [PMID: 39414780 PMCID: PMC11484845 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing water stress is emerging as a global phenomenon, and is anticipated to have a marked impact on forest function. The role of tree functional strategies is pivotal in regulating forest fitness and their ability to cope with water stress. However, how the functional strategies found at the tree or species level scale up to characterise forest communities and their variation across regions is not yet well-established. By combining eight water-stress-related functional traits with forest inventory data from the USA and Europe, we investigated the community-level trait coordination and the biogeographic patterns of trait associations for woody plants, and analysed the relationships between the trait associations and climate factors. We find that the trait associations at the community level are consistent with those found at the species level. Traits associated with acquisitive-conservative strategies forms one dimension of variation, while leaf turgor loss point, associated with stomatal water regulation strategy, loads along a second dimension. Surprisingly, spatial patterns of community-level trait association are better explained by temperature than by aridity, suggesting a temperature-driven adaptation. These findings provide a basis to build predictions of forest response under water stress, with particular potential to improve simulations of tree mortality and forest biomass accumulation in a changing climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daijun Liu
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nezha Acil
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
- National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leicester, LE4 5SP, Leicester, UK
- Institute for Environmental Futures, School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, Leicester, UK
| | - Julen Astigarraga
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Grupo de Ecología y Restauración Forestal (FORECO), 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Emil Cienciala
- IFER - Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, Cs. Armady 655, 254 01, Jilove u Prahy, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4b, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jonas Fridman
- Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE901-83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Georges Kunstler
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, LESSEM, F-38402, St-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - Thomas J Matthews
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group/CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute and Universidade dos Açores-Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, PT-9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Paloma Ruiz-Benito
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Grupo de Ecología y Restauración Forestal (FORECO), 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Geología, Geografía y Medio Ambiente, Grupo de Investigación en Teledetección Ambiental, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonathan P Sadler
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mart-Jan Schelhaas
- Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen Environmental Research (WENR), Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Suvanto
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrzej Talarczyk
- Forest and Natural Resources Research Centre/Taxus IT, ul. Płomyka 56A, 02-491, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Christopher W Woodall
- The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, Northern Research Station, NH 03824, Durham, USA
| | - Miguel A Zavala
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Grupo de Ecología y Restauración Forestal (FORECO), 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Chao Zhang
- Optics of Photosynthesis Laboratory, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Thomas A M Pugh
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 22362, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Garbowski M, Laughlin DC, Blumenthal DM, Sofaer HR, Barnett DT, Beaury EM, Buonaiuto DM, Corbin JD, Dukes JS, Early R, Nebhut AN, Petri L, Vilà M, Pearse IS. Naturalized species drive functional trait shifts in plant communities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2403120121. [PMID: 39298470 PMCID: PMC11459196 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2403120121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research documenting the consequences of naturalized and invasive plant species on ecosystem functions, our understanding of the functional underpinnings of these changes remains rudimentary. This is partially due to ineffective scaling of trait differences between native and naturalized species to whole plant communities. Working with data from over 75,000 plots and over 5,500 species from across the United States, we show that changes in the functional composition of communities associated with increasing abundance of naturalized species mirror the differences in traits between native and naturalized plants. We find that communities with greater abundance of naturalized species are more resource acquisitive aboveground and belowground, shorter, more shallowly rooted, and increasingly aligned with an independent strategy for belowground resource acquisition via thin fine roots with high specific root length. We observe shifts toward herbaceous-dominated communities but shifts within both woody and herbaceous functional groups follow community-level patterns for most traits. Patterns are remarkably similar across desert, grassland, and forest ecosystems. Our results demonstrate that the establishment and spread of naturalized species, likely in combination with underlying environmental shifts, leads to predictable and consistent changes in community-level traits that can alter ecosystem functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda Garbowski
- Botany Department, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY82071
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM88003
| | | | - Dana M. Blumenthal
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, CO80526
| | - Helen R. Sofaer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hilo, HI96718
| | | | - Evelyn M. Beaury
- Department of Ecology and Evolution and the High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
| | - Daniel M. Buonaiuto
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA01003
- North East Climate Adaptation Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Amherst, MA01003
| | - Jeffrey D. Corbin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Union College, Schenectady, NY12308
| | - Jeffrey S. Dukes
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA94305
- Departments of Biology and Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Regan Early
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, CornwallEX4 4QD, UK
| | | | - Laís Petri
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
| | - Montserrat Vilà
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Spanish National Research Council, Sevilla41092, Spain
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Sevilla, Sevilla41092, Spain
| | - Ian S. Pearse
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO80526
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Augustine SP, McCulloh KA. Physiological trait coordination and variability across and within three Pinus species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 244:451-463. [PMID: 39205436 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Studies have explored how traits separate plants ecologically and the trade-offs that underpin this separation. However, uncertainty remains as to the taxonomic scale at which traits can predictably separate species. We studied how physiological traits separated three Pinus (Pinus banksiana, Pinus resinosa, and Pinus strobus) species across three sites. We collected traits from four common leaf and branch measurements (light-response curves, CO2-response curves, pressure-volume curves, and hydraulic vulnerability curves) across each species and site. While common, these measurements are not typically measured together due to logistical constraints. Few traits varied across species and sites as expected given the ecological preferences of the species and environmental site characteristics. Some trait trade-offs present at broad taxonomic scales were observed across the three species, but most were absent within species. Certain trade-offs contrasted expectations observed at broader scales but followed expectations given the species' ecological preferences. We emphasize the need to both clarify why certain traits are being studied, as variation in unexpected but ecologically meaningful ways often occurs and certain traits might not vary substantially within a given lineage (e.g. hydraulic vulnerability in Pinus), highlighting the role a trait selection in trait ecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Augustine
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Katherine A McCulloh
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Butrim MJ, Lowe AJ, Currano ED. Leaf mass per area: An investigation into the application of the ubiquitous functional trait from a paleobotanical perspective. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024; 111:e16419. [PMID: 39397294 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
PREMISE Leaf mass per area (LMA) is a widely used functional trait in both neobotanical and paleobotanical research that provides a window into how plants interact with their environment. Paleobotanists have used site-level measures of LMA as a proxy for climate, biome, deciduousness, and community-scale plant strategy, yet many of these relationships have not been grounded in modern data. In this study, we evaluated LMA from the paleobotanical perspective, seeking to add modern context to paleobotanical interpretations and discover what a combined modern and fossil data set can tell us about how LMA can be best applied toward interpreting plant communities. METHODS We built a modern data set by pulling plant trait data from the TRY database, and a fossil data set by compiling data from studies that have used the petiole-width proxy for LMA. We then investigated the relationships of species-mean, site-mean, and site-distribution LMA with different climatic, phylogenetic, and physiognomic variables. RESULTS We found that LMA distributions are correlated with climate, site taxonomic composition, and deciduousness. However, the relative contributions of these factors are not distinctive, and ultimately, LMA distributions cannot accurately reconstruct the biome or climate of an individual site. CONCLUSIONS The correlations that make up the leaf economics spectrum are stronger than the correlations between LMA and climate, phylogeny, morphospace, or depositional environment. Fossil LMA should be understood as the culmination of the influences of these variables rather than as a predictor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Butrim
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, 82071, Wyoming, USA
| | - Alexander J Lowe
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, Washington, USA
| | - Ellen D Currano
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, 82071, Wyoming, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ye Z, Mu Y, Van Duzen S, Ryser P. Root and shoot phenology, architecture, and organ properties: an integrated trait network among 44 herbaceous wetland species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 244:436-450. [PMID: 38600040 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Integrating traits across above- and belowground organs offers comprehensive insights into plant ecology, but their various functions also increase model complexity. This study aimed to illuminate the interspecific pattern of whole-plant trait correlations through a network lens, including a detailed analysis of the root system. Using a network algorithm that allows individual traits to belong to multiple modules, we characterize interrelations among 19 traits, spanning both shoot and root phenology, architecture, morphology, and tissue properties of 44 species, mostly herbaceous monocots from Northern Ontario wetlands, grown in a common garden. The resulting trait network shows three distinct yet partially overlapping modules. Two major trait modules indicate constraints of plant size and form, and resource economics, respectively. These modules highlight the interdependence between shoot size, root architecture and porosity, and a shoot-root coordination in phenology and dry-matter content. A third module depicts leaf biomechanical adaptations specific to wetland graminoids. All three modules overlap on shoot height, suggesting multifaceted constraints of plant stature. In the network, individual-level traits showed significantly higher centrality than tissue-level traits do, demonstrating a hierarchical trait integration. The presented whole-plant, integrated network suggests that trait covariation is essentially function-driven rather than organ-specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Ye
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Yanmei Mu
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shianne Van Duzen
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Peter Ryser
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li J, Prentice IC. Global patterns of plant functional traits and their relationships to climate. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1136. [PMID: 39271947 PMCID: PMC11399309 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06777-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant functional traits (FTs) determine growth, reproduction and survival strategies of plants adapted to their growth environment. Exploring global geographic patterns of FTs, their covariation and their relationships to climate are necessary steps towards better-founded predictions of how global environmental change will affect ecosystem composition. We compile an extensive global dataset for 16 FTs and characterise trait-trait and trait-climate relationships separately within non-woody, woody deciduous and woody evergreen plant groups, using multivariate analysis and generalised additive models (GAMs). Among the six major FTs considered, two dominant trait dimensions-representing plant size and the leaf economics spectrum (LES) respectively-are identified within all three groups. Size traits (plant height, diaspore mass) however are generally higher in warmer climates, while LES traits (leaf mass and nitrogen per area) are higher in drier climates. Larger leaves are associated principally with warmer winters in woody evergreens, but with wetter climates in non-woody plants. GAM-simulated global patterns for all 16 FTs explain up to three-quarters of global trait variation. Global maps obtained by upscaling GAMs are broadly in agreement with iNaturalist citizen-science FT data. This analysis contributes to the foundations for global trait-based ecosystem modelling by demonstrating universal relationships between FTs and climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaze Li
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK.
| | - Iain Colin Prentice
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Han X, Yao J, Wang R, Xu Y, Huang J, Ding Y, Zang R. Effects of functional composition on plant competitors, stress-tolerators, ruderals ecological strategies in forest communities across different climatic zones. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11580. [PMID: 39234165 PMCID: PMC11371659 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Ecological strategies identified by plant functional traits are valuable descriptors for understanding species, populations, communities, and ecosystems in response to environmental conditions. Ecological strategies, in conjunction with the functional structure of plant communities, serve as crucial tools for investigating complex relationships among the environment, vegetation, and ecosystem functions. However, it remains unclear whether the functional structure (specifically, community-weighted mean [CWM] traits) accurately reflects the optimal ecological strategies in forest communities. Here, we gathered seven functional traits for each species from four distinct forest vegetation types across four climatic zones, including leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf phosphorus concentration (LPC), leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC), wood density (WD) and maximum plant height (H). We based on CSR (Competitors, Stress-tolerators, Ruderals) theory and "StrateFy" ordination method utilizing LA, LDMC and SLA to position them within CSR triangle and categorize them into four ecological strategy groups: Competitive, Stress-tolerant, Intermediate, and Ruderal ecological strategy groups (C-group, S-group, Int-group, and R-group). We then determined the proportion of species in each group. Subsequently, we calculated the CWM trait values for the remaining four functional traits: WD (CWM-WD), LPC (CWM-LPC), LNC (CWM-LNC) and H (CWM-H). Non-metric multidimensional scaling and hierarchical partitioning revealed that CWM-WD, CWM-LPC, CWM-LNC and CWM-H significantly influenced the ecological strategies of forest communities. The synergistic interaction of CWM-WD and CWM-LPC had the most significant impact on ecological strategies within forest communities. Notably, CWM-WD emerged as the most crucial single CWM trait for explaining variation in ecological strategies within forest communities. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that CWM traits effectively reflect optimal CSR ecological strategies in forest communities across different climatic zones, with CWM-WD serving as a preferred indicator. This can improve our critical insights into key ecological processes in forest communities using trait-based approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Han
- Forestry College of Shandong Agricultural University State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River Taian China
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing China
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Jie Yao
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing China
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Ruixue Wang
- Shandong Provincial Forestry Protection and Development Service Center Jinan China
| | - Yue Xu
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing China
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Jihong Huang
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing China
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Yi Ding
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing China
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Runguo Zang
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing China
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Veresoglou SD, Xi J, Peñuelas J. Mechanisms of coexistence: Exploring species sorting and character displacement in woody plants to alleviate belowground competition. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14489. [PMID: 39075934 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Rarely do we observe competitive exclusion within plant communities, even though plants compete for a limited pool of resources. Thus, our understanding of the mechanisms sustaining plant biodiversity might be limited. In this study, we explore two common ecological strategies, species sorting and character displacement, that promote coexistence by reducing competition. We assess the degree to which woody plants may implement these two strategies to lower belowground competition for nutrients which occurs via nutritional (mostly mycorrhizal) mutualisms. First, we compile data on plant traits and the mycorrhizal association state of woody angiosperms using a global inventory of indigenous flora. Our analysis reveals that species in locations with high mycorrhizal diversity exhibit distinct mean values in leaf area and wood density based on their mycorrhizal type, indicating species sorting. Second, we reanalyse a large dataset on leaf area to demonstrate that in areas with high mycorrhizal diversity, trees maintain divergent leaf area values, showcasing character displacement. Character displacement among plants is considered rare, making our observation significant. In summary, our study uncovers a rare occurrence of character displacement and identifies a common mechanism employed by plants to alleviate competition, shedding light on the complexities of plant coexistence in diverse ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stavros D Veresoglou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingjing Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang T, Yang X, Ouyang S, Huang W, Ma G, Liu S, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Li H, Yu H. The native submerged plant, Hydrilla verticillata outperforms its exotic confamilial with exposure to polyamide microplastic pollution: Implication for wetland revegetation and potential driving mechanism. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 273:107029. [PMID: 39047440 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution and biological invasion, as two by-products of human civilization, interfere the ecological function of aquatic ecosystem. The restoration of aquatic vegetation has been considered a practical approach to offset the deterioration of aquatic ecosystem. However, a lack of knowledge still lies in the species selection in the revegetation when confronting the interference from microplastic pollution and exotic counterpart. The present study subjected the native submerged species, Hydrilla verticillata and its exotic confamilial, Elodea nuttallii to the current and future scenarios of polyamide microplastic pollution. The plant performance proxies including biomass and ramet number were measured. We found that the native H. verticillata maintained its performance while the exotic E. nuttallii showed decreases in biomass and ramet number under severest pollution conditions. The restoration of native submerged plant such as H. verticillata appeared to be more effective in stabilizing aquatic vegetation in the scenario of accelerating microplastic pollution. In order to explore the underlying driving mechanism of performance differentiation, stress tolerance indicators for plants, sediment enzymatic activity and sediment fungal microbiome were investigated. We found that polyamide microplastic had weak effects on stress tolerance indicators for plants, sediment enzymatic activity and sediment fungal diversity, reflecting the decoupling between these indicators and plant performance. However, the relative abundance of sediment arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for H. verticillata significantly increased while E. nuttallii gathered "useless" ectomycorrhizal fungi at the presence of severest polyamide microplastic pollution. We speculate that the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi assisted the stabilization of plant performance for H. verticillata with exposure to the severest polyamide microplastic pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shiyu Ouyang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Wangyang Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Guiyue Ma
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shengwen Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yinuo Zhu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Haifang Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Hongwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Komatsu KJ, Avolio ML, Padullés Cubino J, Schrodt F, Auge H, Cavender-Bares J, Clark AT, Flores-Moreno H, Grman E, Harpole WS, Kattge J, Kimmel K, Koerner SE, Korell L, Langley JA, Münkemüller T, Ohlert T, Onstein RE, Roscher C, Soudzilovskaia NA, Taylor BN, Tedersoo L, Terry RS, Wilcox K. CoRRE Trait Data: A dataset of 17 categorical and continuous traits for 4079 grassland species worldwide. Sci Data 2024; 11:795. [PMID: 39025901 PMCID: PMC11258227 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In our changing world, understanding plant community responses to global change drivers is critical for predicting future ecosystem composition and function. Plant functional traits promise to be a key predictive tool for many ecosystems, including grasslands; however, their use requires both complete plant community and functional trait data. Yet, representation of these data in global databases is sparse, particularly beyond a handful of most used traits and common species. Here we present the CoRRE Trait Data, spanning 17 traits (9 categorical, 8 continuous) anticipated to predict species' responses to global change for 4,079 vascular plant species across 173 plant families present in 390 grassland experiments from around the world. The dataset contains complete categorical trait records for all 4,079 plant species obtained from a comprehensive literature search, as well as nearly complete coverage (99.97%) of imputed continuous trait values for a subset of 2,927 plant species. These data will shed light on mechanisms underlying population, community, and ecosystem responses to global change in grasslands worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Komatsu
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
| | - Meghan L Avolio
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | | | - Harald Auge
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jeannine Cavender-Bares
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Adam T Clark
- University of Graz, Institute of Biology, Holteigasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Emily Grman
- Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - W Stanley Harpole
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Physiological Diversity, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jens Kattge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Sally E Koerner
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Lotte Korell
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Adam Langley
- Department of Biology, Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
| | - Tamara Münkemüller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Timothy Ohlert
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Renske E Onstein
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Christiane Roscher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Physiological Diversity, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Benton N Taylor
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Mycology and Microbiology Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rosalie S Terry
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Kevin Wilcox
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Simpson EG, Fraser I, Woolf H, Pearse WD. Variation in near-surface soil temperature drives plant assemblage differentiation across aspect. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11656. [PMID: 39055775 PMCID: PMC11269051 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantifying assemblage variation across environmental gradients provides insight into the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that differentiate assemblages locally within a larger climate regime. We assessed how vascular plant functional composition and diversity varied across microenvironment to identify ecological differences in assemblages in a mountainous fieldsite in northeastern Utah, USA. Then, we looked at how life-history strategies and information about phylogenetic differences affect the relationship between functional metrics and environment. We found less functionally dispersed assemblages that were shorter and more resource-conservative on south-facing slopes where intra-annual soil temperature was hotter and more variable. In contrast, we found more functionally dispersed assemblages, that were taller and more resource-acquisitive on north-facing slopes where intra-annual temperature was cooler and less variable. Herbaceous and woody perennials drove these trends. Additionally, including information about phylogenetic differences in a dispersion metric indicated that phylogeny accounts for traits we did not measure. At this fieldsite, soil temperature acts as an environmental filter across aspect. If soil temperature increases and becomes more variable, intra-annually, the function of north- versus south-facing assemblages may be at risk for contrasting reasons. On south-facing slopes, assemblages may not have the variance in functional diversity needed to respond to more intense, stressful conditions. Conversely, assemblages on north-facing slopes may not have the resource-conservative strategies needed to persist if temperatures become hotter and more variable intra-annually. Given these results, we advocate for the inclusion of aspect differentiation in studies seeking to understand species and assemblage shifts in response to changing climate conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G. Simpson
- Department of Biology & Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
- Avian Science Center, Wildlife Biology ProgramW.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA
| | - Ian Fraser
- Department of Biology & Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Hillary Woolf
- Department of Biology & Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
van Breugel M, Bongers F, Norden N, Meave JA, Amissah L, Chanthorn W, Chazdon R, Craven D, Farrior C, Hall JS, Hérault B, Jakovac C, Lebrija-Trejos E, Martínez-Ramos M, Muñoz R, Poorter L, Rüger N, van der Sande M, Dent DH. Feedback loops drive ecological succession: towards a unified conceptual framework. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:928-949. [PMID: 38226776 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The core principle shared by most theories and models of succession is that, following a major disturbance, plant-environment feedback dynamics drive a directional change in the plant community. The most commonly studied feedback loops are those in which the regrowth of the plant community causes changes to the abiotic (e.g. soil nutrients) or biotic (e.g. dispersers) environment, which differentially affect species availability or performance. This, in turn, leads to shifts in the species composition of the plant community. However, there are many other PE feedback loops that potentially drive succession, each of which can be considered a model of succession. While plant-environment feedback loops in principle generate predictable successional trajectories, succession is generally observed to be highly variable. Factors contributing to this variability are the stochastic processes involved in feedback dynamics, such as individual mortality and seed dispersal, and extrinsic causes of succession, which are not affected by changes in the plant community but do affect species performance or availability. Both can lead to variation in the identity of dominant species within communities. This, in turn, leads to further contingencies if these species differ in their effect on their environment (priority effects). Predictability and variability are thus intrinsically linked features of ecological succession. We present a new conceptual framework of ecological succession that integrates the propositions discussed above. This framework defines seven general causes: landscape context, disturbance and land-use, biotic factors, abiotic factors, species availability, species performance, and the plant community. When involved in a feedback loop, these general causes drive succession and when not, they are extrinsic causes that create variability in successional trajectories and dynamics. The proposed framework provides a guide for linking these general causes into causal pathways that represent specific models of succession. Our framework represents a systematic approach to identifying the main feedback processes and causes of variation at different successional stages. It can be used for systematic comparisons among study sites and along environmental gradients, to conceptualise studies, and to guide the formulation of research questions and design of field studies. Mapping an extensive field study onto our conceptual framework revealed that the pathways representing the study's empirical outcomes and conceptual model had important differences, underlining the need to move beyond the conceptual models that currently dominate in specific fields and to find ways to examine the importance of and interactions among alternative causal pathways of succession. To further this aim, we argue for integrating long-term studies across environmental and anthropogenic gradients, combined with controlled experiments and dynamic modelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiel van Breugel
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Arts Link, #03-01 Block AS2, 117570, Singapore
- Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, Singapore, 138527, Singapore
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. Tupper Building - 401, Panama City, 0843-03092, Panama
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Natalia Norden
- Centro de Estudios Socioecológicos y Cambio Global, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Circunvalar #16-20, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge A Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Lucy Amissah
- CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, UPO Box 63, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Wirong Chanthorn
- Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Jatujak District, 10900, Thailand
| | - Robin Chazdon
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4556, Australia
| | - Dylan Craven
- Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Piramide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, 8580745, Chile
| | - Caroline Farrior
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 2415 Speedway, Stop C0930, Austin, Texas, 78705, USA
| | - Jefferson S Hall
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. Tupper Building - 401, Panama City, 0843-03092, Panama
| | - Bruno Hérault
- CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, F-34398 Montpellier, France & Forêts et Sociétés, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Catarina Jakovac
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, 88034-000, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Edwin Lebrija-Trejos
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa-Oranim, Tivon, 36006, Israel
| | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Morelia, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro # 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, CP 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja Rüger
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. Tupper Building - 401, Panama City, 0843-03092, Panama
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Economics, Institute of Empirical Economic Research, University of Leipzig, Grimmaische Str. 12, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Masha van der Sande
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daisy H Dent
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. Tupper Building - 401, Panama City, 0843-03092, Panama
- ETH Zürich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute for Integrative Biology, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Witteveen NH, White C, Sánchez-Martínez BA, Philip A, Boyd F, Booij R, Christ R, Singh S, Gosling WD, Piperno DR, McMichael CNH. Pre-contact and post-colonial ecological legacies shape Surinamese rainforests. Ecology 2024; 105:e4272. [PMID: 38590101 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Disturbances in tropical forests can have long-lasting ecological impacts, but their manifestations (ecological legacies) in modern forests are uncertain. Many Amazonian forests bear the mark of past soil modifications, species enrichments, and fire events, but the trajectories of ecological legacies from the pre-contact or post-colonial period remain relatively unexplored. We assessed the fire and vegetation history from 15 soil cores ranging from 0 to 10 km from a post-colonial Surinamese archaeological site. We show that (1) fires occurred from 96 bc to recent times and induced significant vegetation change, (2) persistent ecological legacies from pre-contact and post-colonial fire and deforestation practices were mainly within 1 km of the archaeological site, and (3) palm enrichment of Attalea, Oenocarpus and Astrocaryum occurred within 0, 1, and 8 km of the archaeological site, respectively. Our results challenge the notion of spatially extensive and persistent ecological legacies. Instead, our data indicate that the persistence and extent of ecological legacies are dependent on their timing, frequency, type, and intensity. Examining the mechanisms and manifestations of ecological legacies is crucial in assessing forest resilience and Indigenous and local land rights in the highly threatened Amazonian forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina H Witteveen
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cheryl White
- Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Anton de Kom University, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Barbara A Sánchez-Martínez
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Philip
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Femke Boyd
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roemer Booij
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reyan Christ
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Santosh Singh
- Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Anton de Kom University, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - William D Gosling
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dolores R Piperno
- Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon, Panama
| | - Crystal N H McMichael
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lausch A, Selsam P, Pause M, Bumberger J. Monitoring vegetation- and geodiversity with remote sensing and traits. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2024; 382:20230058. [PMID: 38342219 PMCID: PMC10859235 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Geodiversity has shaped and structured the Earth's surface at all spatio-temporal scales, not only through long-term processes but also through medium- and short-term processes. Geodiversity is, therefore, a key control and regulating variable in the overall development of landscapes and biodiversity. However, climate change and land use intensity are leading to major changes and disturbances in bio- and geodiversity. For sustainable ecosystem management, temporal, economically viable and standardized monitoring is needed to monitor and model the effects and changes in vegetation- and geodiversity. RS approaches have been used for this purpose for decades. However, to understand in detail how RS approaches capture vegetation- and geodiversity, the aim of this paper is to describe how five features of vegetation- and geodiversity are captured using RS technologies, namely: (i) trait diversity, (ii) phylogenetic/genese diversity, (iii) structural diversity, (iv) taxonomic diversity and (v) functional diversity. Trait diversity is essential for establishing the other four. Traits provide a crucial interface between in situ, close-range, aerial and space-based RS monitoring approaches. The trait approach allows complex data of different types and formats to be linked using the latest semantic data integration techniques, which will enable ecosystem integrity monitoring and modelling in the future. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Geodiversity for science and society'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lausch
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Department of Architecture, Facility Management and Geoinformation, Institute for Geoinformation and Surveying, Bauhausstraße 8, 06846 Dessau, Germany
| | - Peter Selsam
- Department of Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, and
| | - Marion Pause
- Department of Architecture, Facility Management and Geoinformation, Institute for Geoinformation and Surveying, Bauhausstraße 8, 06846 Dessau, Germany
| | - Jan Bumberger
- Department of Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, and
- Research Data Management-RDM, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Singh R, Pandey R. Underlying plant trait strategies for understanding the carbon sequestration in Banj oak Forest of Himalaya. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170681. [PMID: 38325486 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Plant functional attributes are subjected to environmental adjustments, which lead to modulations in forest processes under environmental changes. However, a comprehensive assessment of the relationships between plant traits and carbon stock remains subtle. The present study attempted to accomplish the gap of knowledge by examining the linkages between forest carbon with plant traits within the Banj Oak forest in the Garhwal Himalaya. Twelve individuals from three major species in the Banj Oak forest were randomly selected for trait measurements, and soil samples were collected randomly across the area for evaluation of soil nutrients and carbon. Forest biomass and soil carbon were estimated following standard protocols. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was applied to establish the relationship between above ground carbon (AGC) and soil organic carbon (SOC) with leaf and stem traits, and soil nutrients. Stem traits were tree height and tree diameter; whereas leaf morphological traits were leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content; leaf physiological traits were photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate; and leaf biochemical traits were leaf carbon concentration, leaf nitrogen concentration, and leaf phosphorus concentration. Soil nutrients were available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium. Based on SEM results, AGC of the forest was positively correlated with stem traits and leaf physiological traits, while negatively correlated with leaf morphological traits. SOC was positively correlated with soil nutrients and leaf biochemical traits, whereas negatively correlated with stem traits. These findings may support for precise quantification of forest carbon and modeling of forest carbon stocks besides providing inputs to forest managers for devising effective forest management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajiv Pandey
- Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun, India.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
McElwain JC, Matthaeus WJ, Barbosa C, Chondrogiannis C, O' Dea K, Jackson B, Knetge AB, Kwasniewska K, Nair R, White JD, Wilson JP, Montañez IP, Buckley YM, Belcher CM, Nogué S. Functional traits of fossil plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:392-423. [PMID: 38409806 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
A minuscule fraction of the Earth's paleobiological diversity is preserved in the geological record as fossils. What plant remnants have withstood taphonomic filtering, fragmentation, and alteration in their journey to become part of the fossil record provide unique information on how plants functioned in paleo-ecosystems through their traits. Plant traits are measurable morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical, or phenological characteristics that potentially affect their environment and fitness. Here, we review the rich literature of paleobotany, through the lens of contemporary trait-based ecology, to evaluate which well-established extant plant traits hold the greatest promise for application to fossils. In particular, we focus on fossil plant functional traits, those measurable properties of leaf, stem, reproductive, or whole plant fossils that offer insights into the functioning of the plant when alive. The limitations of a trait-based approach in paleobotany are considerable. However, in our critical assessment of over 30 extant traits we present an initial, semi-quantitative ranking of 26 paleo-functional traits based on taphonomic and methodological criteria on the potential of those traits to impact Earth system processes, and for that impact to be quantifiable. We demonstrate how valuable inferences on paleo-ecosystem processes (pollination biology, herbivory), past nutrient cycles, paleobiogeography, paleo-demography (life history), and Earth system history can be derived through the application of paleo-functional traits to fossil plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C McElwain
- School of Natural Sciences, Botany, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - William J Matthaeus
- School of Natural Sciences, Botany, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Catarina Barbosa
- School of Natural Sciences, Botany, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | | | - Katie O' Dea
- School of Natural Sciences, Botany, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Bea Jackson
- School of Natural Sciences, Botany, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Antonietta B Knetge
- School of Natural Sciences, Botany, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Kamila Kwasniewska
- School of Natural Sciences, Botany, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Richard Nair
- School of Natural Sciences, Botany, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Joseph D White
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, 76798-7388, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan P Wilson
- Department of Environmental Studies, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, 19041, PA, USA
| | - Isabel P Montañez
- UC Davis Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yvonne M Buckley
- School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | | | - Sandra Nogué
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Luo A, Li Y, Shrestha N, Xu X, Su X, Li Y, Lyu T, Waris K, Tang Z, Liu X, Lin L, Chen Y, Zu K, Song W, Peng S, Zimmermann NE, Pellissier L, Wang Z. Global multifaceted biodiversity patterns, centers, and conservation needs in angiosperms. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:817-828. [PMID: 38217639 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The Convention on Biological Diversity seeks to conserve at least 30% of global land and water areas by 2030, which is a challenge but also an opportunity to better preserve biodiversity, including flowering plants (angiosperms). Herein, we compiled a large database on distributions of over 300,000 angiosperm species and the key functional traits of 67,024 species. Using this database, we constructed biodiversity-environment models to predict global patterns of taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity in terrestrial angiosperms and provide a comprehensive mapping of the three diversity facets. We further evaluated the current protection status of the biodiversity centers of these diversity facets. Our results showed that geographical patterns of the three facets of plant diversity exhibited substantial spatial mismatches and nonoverlapping conservation priorities. Idiosyncratic centers of functional diversity, particularly of herbaceous species, were primarily distributed in temperate regions and under weaker protection compared with other biodiversity centers of taxonomic and phylogenetic facets. Our global assessment of multifaceted biodiversity patterns and centers highlights the insufficiency and unbalanced conservation among the three diversity facets and the two growth forms (woody vs. herbaceous), thus providing directions for guiding the future conservation of global plant diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ao Luo
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yaoqi Li
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Nawal Shrestha
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoting Xu
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiangyan Su
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Yichao Li
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tong Lyu
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kilara Waris
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhiyao Tang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Luxiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kuiling Zu
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenqi Song
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shijia Peng
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Niklaus E Zimmermann
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chelli S, Bricca A, Tsakalos JL, Andreetta A, Bonari G, Campetella G, Carnicelli S, Cervellini M, Puletti N, Wellstein C, Canullo R. Multiple drivers of functional diversity in temperate forest understories: Climate, soil, and forest structure effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170258. [PMID: 38246378 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In macroecology, shifting from coarse- to local-scale explanatory factors is crucial for understanding how global change impacts functional diversity (FD). Plants possess diverse traits allowing them to differentially respond across a spectrum of environmental conditions. We aim to assess how macro- to microclimate, stand-scale measured soil properties, forest structure, and management type, influence forest understorey FD at the macroecological scale. Our study covers Italian forests, using thirteen predictors categorized into climate, soil, forest structure, and management. We analyzed five traits (i.e., specific leaf area, plant size, seed mass, belowground bud bank size, and clonal lateral spread) capturing independent functional dimensions to calculate the standardized effect size of functional diversity (SES-FD) for all traits (multi-trait) and for single traits. Multiple regression models were applied to assess the effect of predictors on SES-FD. We revealed that climate, soil, and forest structure significantly drive SES-FD of specific leaf area, plant size, seed mass, and bud bank. Forest management had a limited effect. However, differences emerged between herbaceous and woody growth forms of the understorey layer, with herbaceous species mainly responding to climate and soil features, while woody species were mainly affected by forest structure. Future warmer and more seasonal climate could reduce the diversity of resource economics, plant size, and persistence strategies of the forest understorey. Soil eutrophication and acidification may impact the diversity of regeneration strategies; canopy closure affects the diversity of above- and belowground traits, with a larger effect on woody species. Multifunctional approaches are vital to disentangle the effect of global changes on functional diversity since independent functional specialization axes are modulated by different drivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Chelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario per le Biodiversità Vegetale Big Data - PLANT DATA, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Bricca
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - James L Tsakalos
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy; Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anna Andreetta
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Giandiego Campetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario per le Biodiversità Vegetale Big Data - PLANT DATA, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Marco Cervellini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Nicola Puletti
- CREA, Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Camilla Wellstein
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Roberto Canullo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario per le Biodiversità Vegetale Big Data - PLANT DATA, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Padullés Cubino J, Lenoir J, Li D, Montaño-Centellas FA, Retana J, Baeten L, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Chudomelová M, Closset D, Decocq G, De Frenne P, Diekmann M, Dirnböck T, Durak T, Hédl R, Heinken T, Jaroszewicz B, Kopecký M, Macek M, Máliš F, Naaf T, Orczewska A, Petřík P, Pielech R, Reczyńska K, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Świerkosz K, Teleki B, Verheyen K, Vild O, Waller D, Wulf M, Chytrý M. Evaluating plant lineage losses and gains in temperate forest understories: a phylogenetic perspective on climate change and nitrogen deposition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:2287-2299. [PMID: 38126264 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Global change has accelerated local species extinctions and colonizations, often resulting in losses and gains of evolutionary lineages with unique features. Do these losses and gains occur randomly across the phylogeny? We quantified: temporal changes in plant phylogenetic diversity (PD); and the phylogenetic relatedness (PR) of lost and gained species in 2672 semi-permanent vegetation plots in European temperate forest understories resurveyed over an average period of 40 yr. Controlling for differences in species richness, PD increased slightly over time and across plots. Moreover, lost species within plots exhibited a higher degree of PR than gained species. This implies that gained species originated from a more diverse set of evolutionary lineages than lost species. Certain lineages also lost and gained more species than expected by chance, with Ericaceae, Fabaceae, and Orchidaceae experiencing losses and Amaranthaceae, Cyperaceae, and Rosaceae showing gains. Species losses and gains displayed no significant phylogenetic signal in response to changes in macroclimatic conditions and nitrogen deposition. As anthropogenic global change intensifies, temperate forest understories experience losses and gains in specific phylogenetic branches and ecological strategies, while the overall mean PD remains relatively stable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Padullés Cubino
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR CNRS 7058 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80037, France
| | - Daijiang Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
- Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Flavia A Montaño-Centellas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
- Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Javier Retana
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Lander Baeten
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, B-9090, Belgium
| | - Markus Bernhardt-Römermann
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Markéta Chudomelová
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Déborah Closset
- UMR CNRS 7058 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80037, France
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- UMR CNRS 7058 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80037, France
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, B-9090, Belgium
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Institute of Ecology, University of Bremen, Bremen, 28334, Germany
| | - Thomas Dirnböck
- Environment Agency Austria, Ecosystem Research and Environmental Information Management, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Tomasz Durak
- Institute of Biology, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, 35601, Poland
| | - Radim Hédl
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, 60200, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, 78371, Czech Republic
| | - Thilo Heinken
- General Botany, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, 14469, Germany
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, 17230, Poland
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, 25243, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, 16521, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, 25243, Czech Republic
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, 96001, Slovakia
- National Forest Centre, Zvolen, 96001, Slovakia
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, 15374, Germany
| | - Anna Orczewska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, 40007, Poland
| | - Petr Petřík
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, 25243, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Remigiusz Pielech
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kraków, 30387, Poland
| | - Kamila Reczyńska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, 50328, Poland
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Tibor Standovár
- Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Krzysztof Świerkosz
- Museum of Natural History, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, 50335, Poland
| | - Balázs Teleki
- HUN-REN-UD Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, B-9090, Belgium
| | - Ondřej Vild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, 25243, Czech Republic
| | - Donald Waller
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Monika Wulf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, 15374, Germany
| | - Milan Chytrý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 61137, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mueller KE, Kray JA, Blumenthal DM. Coordination of leaf, root, and seed traits shows the importance of whole plant economics in two semiarid grasslands. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:2410-2422. [PMID: 38214451 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Uncertainty persists within trait-based ecology, partly because few studies assess multiple axes of functional variation and their effect on plant performance. For 55 species from two semiarid grasslands, we quantified: (1) covariation between economic traits of leaves and absorptive roots, (2) covariation among economic traits, plant height, leaf size, and seed mass, and (3) relationships between these traits and species' abundance. Pairs of analogous leaf and root traits were at least weakly positively correlated (e.g. specific leaf area (SLA) and specific root length (SRL)). Two pairs of such traits, N content and DMC of leaves and roots, were at least moderately correlated (r > 0.5) whether species were grouped by site, taxonomic group and growth form, or life history. Root diameter was positively correlated with seed mass for all groups of species except annuals and monocots. Species with higher leaf dry matter content (LDMC) tended to be more abundant (r = 0.63). Annuals with larger seeds were more abundant (r = 0.69). Compared with global-scale syntheses with many observations from mesic ecosystems, we observed stronger correlations between analogous leaf and root traits, weaker correlations between SLA and leaf N, and stronger correlations between SRL and root N. In dry grasslands, plant persistence may require coordination of above- and belowground traits, and dense tissues may facilitate dominance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E Mueller
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Julie A Kray
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Rangeland Resources & Systems Research, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Dana M Blumenthal
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Rangeland Resources & Systems Research, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Famiglietti CA, Worden M, Anderegg LDL, Konings AG. Impacts of climate timescale on the stability of trait-environment relationships. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:2423-2434. [PMID: 38037289 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Predictive relationships between plant traits and environmental factors can be derived at global and regional scales, informing efforts to reorient ecological models around functional traits. However, in a changing climate, the environmental variables used as predictors in such relationships are far from stationary. This could yield errors in trait-environment model predictions if timescale is not accounted for. Here, the timescale dependence of trait-environment relationships is investigated by regressing in situ trait measurements of specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen content, and wood density on local climate characteristics summarized across several increasingly long timescales. We identify contrasting responses of leaf and wood traits to climate timescale. Leaf traits are best predicted by recent climate timescales, while wood density is a longer term memory trait. The use of sub-optimal climate timescales reduces the accuracy of the resulting trait-environment relationships. This study concludes that plant traits respond to climate conditions on the timescale of tissue lifespans rather than long-term climate normals, even at large spatial scales where multiple ecological and physiological mechanisms drive trait change. Thus, determining trait-environment relationships with temporally relevant climate variables may be critical for predicting trait change in a nonstationary climate system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Worden
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Leander D L Anderegg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Alexandra G Konings
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Towers IR, Vesk PA, Wenk EH, Gallagher RV, Windecker SM, Wright IJ, Falster DS. Revisiting the role of mean annual precipitation in shaping functional trait distributions at a continental scale. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1900-1909. [PMID: 38135654 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac R Towers
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, The University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Peter A Vesk
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Elizabeth H Wenk
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, The University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rachael V Gallagher
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Saras M Windecker
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ian J Wright
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature & Agriculture, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Daniel S Falster
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, The University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Neyret M, Le Provost G, Boesing AL, Schneider FD, Baulechner D, Bergmann J, de Vries FT, Fiore-Donno AM, Geisen S, Goldmann K, Merges A, Saifutdinov RA, Simons NK, Tobias JA, Zaitsev AS, Gossner MM, Jung K, Kandeler E, Krauss J, Penone C, Schloter M, Schulz S, Staab M, Wolters V, Apostolakis A, Birkhofer K, Boch S, Boeddinghaus RS, Bolliger R, Bonkowski M, Buscot F, Dumack K, Fischer M, Gan HY, Heinze J, Hölzel N, John K, Klaus VH, Kleinebecker T, Marhan S, Müller J, Renner SC, Rillig MC, Schenk NV, Schöning I, Schrumpf M, Seibold S, Socher SA, Solly EF, Teuscher M, van Kleunen M, Wubet T, Manning P. A slow-fast trait continuum at the whole community level in relation to land-use intensification. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1251. [PMID: 38341437 PMCID: PMC10858939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Organismal functional strategies form a continuum from slow- to fast-growing organisms, in response to common drivers such as resource availability and disturbance. However, whether there is synchronisation of these strategies at the entire community level is unclear. Here, we combine trait data for >2800 above- and belowground taxa from 14 trophic guilds spanning a disturbance and resource availability gradient in German grasslands. The results indicate that most guilds consistently respond to these drivers through both direct and trophically mediated effects, resulting in a 'slow-fast' axis at the level of the entire community. Using 15 indicators of carbon and nutrient fluxes, biomass production and decomposition, we also show that fast trait communities are associated with faster rates of ecosystem functioning. These findings demonstrate that 'slow' and 'fast' strategies can be manifested at the level of whole communities, opening new avenues of ecosystem-level functional classification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margot Neyret
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, Université Grenoble Alpes - CNRS - Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Grenoble, France.
| | | | | | - Florian D Schneider
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany
- ISOE - Institute for social-ecological research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dennis Baulechner
- Justus Liebig University, Department of Animal Ecology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joana Bergmann
- Leibniz Center for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Franciska T de Vries
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan Geisen
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kezia Goldmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Soil Ecology Department, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Anna Merges
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ruslan A Saifutdinov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadja K Simons
- Ecological Networks, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Applied Biodiversity Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joseph A Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Andrey S Zaitsev
- Justus Liebig University, Department of Animal Ecology, Giessen, Germany
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Forest Entomology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten Jung
- Institut of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ellen Kandeler
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jochen Krauss
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Caterina Penone
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schloter
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Oberschleissheim, Germany
- Chair of Environmental Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schulz
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Michael Staab
- Ecological Networks, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Volkmar Wolters
- Justus Liebig University, Department of Animal Ecology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Antonios Apostolakis
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Birkhofer
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Steffen Boch
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Runa S Boeddinghaus
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department Plant Production and Production Related Environmental Protection, Center for Agricultural Technology Augustenberg (LTZ), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralph Bolliger
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - François Buscot
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Soil Ecology Department, Halle/Saale, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle - Jena-, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kenneth Dumack
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Huei Ying Gan
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironments Tübingen (SHEP), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Heinze
- Department of Biodiversity, Heinz Sielmann Foundation, Wustermark, Germany
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina John
- Justus Liebig University, Department of Animal Ecology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Valentin H Klaus
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Forage Production and Grassland Systems, Agroscope, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Centre for International Development and Environmental Research (ZEU), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sven Marhan
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Department of Nature Conservation, Heinz Sielmann Foundation, Wustermark, Germany
| | - Swen C Renner
- Ornithology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Autria, Germany
| | | | - Noëlle V Schenk
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ingo Schöning
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Marion Schrumpf
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seibold
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, Germany
- TUD Dresden University of Technology, Forest Zoology, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Stephanie A Socher
- Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Department Environment and Biodiversity, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Emily F Solly
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Computation Hydrosystems Department, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Miriam Teuscher
- University of Göttingen, Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle - Jena-, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Community Ecology Department, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Peter Manning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
He P, Ye Q, Hua L, Zhu S, Liu H, Ning Q, Hu Q, Li Q, Qin X. Vein hierarchy mediates the 2D relationship between leaf size and drought tolerance across subtropical forest tree species. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad141. [PMID: 38056447 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have observed a 2D relationship (i.e. decoupled correlation) between leaf size (LS) and leaf economics as well as a tight correlation between leaf economics and drought tolerance. However, the underlying mechanism maintaining the relationship between LS and drought tolerance remains largely unknown. Here, we measured LS, water potential at 50% loss of hydraulic conductance, hydraulic safety margin and different orders of vein traits across 28 tree species in a subtropical forest in Southern China. We found that LS and drought tolerance were in two independent dimensions (R2 = 0.00, P > 0.05). Primary and secondary vein traits (i.e. vein diameter and density) explained the variation of LS, with R2 ranging from 0.37 to 0.70 (all Ps < 0.01), while minor vein traits accounted for the variation of leaf drought tolerance, with R2 ranging from 0.30 to 0.43 (all Ps < 0.01). Our results provide insight into the 2D relationship between LS and drought tolerance and highlight the importance of vein hierarchy in plant leaf functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng He
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Shidanan Road 1, Rongjiangxin District, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lei Hua
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ecological Environment Simulation and Protection, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Ruihe Road 18, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Shidan Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedong Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiurui Ning
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinsheng Qin
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road 483, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Song L, Griffin-Nolan RJ, Muraina TO, Chen J, Te N, Shi Y, Whitney KD, Zhang B, Yu Q, Smith MD, Zuo X, Wang Z, Knapp AK, Han X, Collins SL, Luo W. Grassland sensitivity to drought is related to functional composition across East Asia and North America. Ecology 2024; 105:e4220. [PMID: 38037285 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant traits can be helpful for understanding grassland ecosystem responses to climate extremes, such as severe drought. However, intercontinental comparisons of how drought affects plant functional traits and ecosystem functioning are rare. The Extreme Drought in Grasslands experiment (EDGE) was established across the major grassland types in East Asia and North America (six sites on each continent) to measure variability in grassland ecosystem sensitivity to extreme, prolonged drought. At all sites, we quantified community-weighted mean functional composition and functional diversity of two leaf economic traits, specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen content, in response to drought. We found that experimental drought significantly increased community-weighted means of specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen content at all North American sites and at the wetter East Asian sites, but drought decreased community-weighted means of these traits at moderate to dry East Asian sites. Drought significantly decreased functional richness but increased functional evenness and dispersion at most East Asian and North American sites. Ecosystem drought sensitivity (percentage reduction in aboveground net primary productivity) positively correlated with community-weighted means of specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen content and negatively correlated with functional diversity (i.e., richness) on an intercontinental scale, but results differed within regions. These findings highlight both broad generalities but also unique responses to drought of community-weighted trait means as well as their functional diversity across grassland ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Song
- Liaoning Northwest Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station; Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Robert J Griffin-Nolan
- Department of Biology Biological Sciences, Santa Clara California State University, Chico, California, USA
| | - Taofeek O Muraina
- Department of Animal Health and Production, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igbo-Ora, Nigeria
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Liaoning Northwest Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station; Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Niwu Te
- Liaoning Northwest Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station; Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Liaoning Northwest Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station; Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Kenneth D Whitney
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Bingchuan Zhang
- Liaoning Northwest Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station; Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Melinda D Smith
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiaoan Zuo
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhengwen Wang
- Liaoning Northwest Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station; Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Alan K Knapp
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Xingguo Han
- Liaoning Northwest Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station; Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Scott L Collins
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Wentao Luo
- Liaoning Northwest Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station; Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Augustine SP, Bailey-Marren I, Charton KT, Kiel NG, Peyton MS. Improper data practices erode the quality of global ecological databases and impede the progress of ecological research. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17116. [PMID: 38273575 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The scientific community has entered an era of big data. However, with big data comes big responsibilities, and best practices for how data are contributed to databases have not kept pace with the collection, aggregation, and analysis of big data. Here, we rigorously assess the quantity of data for specific leaf area (SLA) available within the largest and most frequently used global plant trait database, the TRY Plant Trait Database, exploring how much of the data were applicable (i.e., original, representative, logical, and comparable) and traceable (i.e., published, cited, and consistent). Over three-quarters of the SLA data in TRY either lacked applicability or traceability, leaving only 22.9% of the original data usable compared with the 64.9% typically deemed usable by standard data cleaning protocols. The remaining usable data differed markedly from the original for many species, which led to altered interpretation of ecological analyses. Though the data we consider here make up only 4.5% of SLA data within TRY, similar issues of applicability and traceability likely apply to SLA data for other species as well as other commonly measured, uploaded, and downloaded plant traits. We end with suggested steps forward for global ecological databases, including suggestions for both uploaders to and curators of databases with the hope that, through addressing the issues raised here, we can increase data quality and integrity within the ecological community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Augustine
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Isaac Bailey-Marren
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Katherine T Charton
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nathan G Kiel
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael S Peyton
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jeliazkov A, Chase JM. When Do Traits Tell More Than Species about a Metacommunity? A Synthesis across Ecosystems and Scales. Am Nat 2024; 203:E1-E18. [PMID: 38207141 DOI: 10.1086/727471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
AbstractLinking species traits with the variation in species assemblages across habitats has often proved useful for developing a more mechanistic understanding of species distributions in metacommunities. However, summarizing the rich tapestry of a species in all of its nuance with a few key ecological traits can also lead to an abstraction that provides less predictability than when using taxonomy alone. As a further complication, taxonomic and functional diversities can be inequitably compared, either by integrating taxonomic-level information into the calculation of how functional aspects of communities vary or by detecting spurious trait-environment relationships. To remedy this, we here synthesize analyses of 80 datasets on different taxa, ecosystems, and spatial scales that include information on abundance or presence/absence of species across sites with variable environmental conditions and the species' traits. By developing analyses that treat functional and taxonomic diversity equitably, we ask when functional diversity helps to explain metacommunity structure. We found that patterns of functional diversity explained metacommunity structure and response to environmental variation in only 25% of the datasets using a multitrait approach but up to 59% using a single-trait approach. Nevertheless, an average of only 19% (interquartile range = 0%-29%) of the traits showed a significant signal across environmental gradients. Species-level traits, as typically collected and analyzed through functional diversity patterns, often do not bring predictive advantages over what the taxonomic information already holds. While our assessment of a limited advantage of using traits to explain variation in species assemblages was largely true across ecosystems, traits played a more useful role in explaining variation when many traits were used and when trait constructs were more related to species' status, life history, and mobility. We propose future research directions to make trait-based approaches and data more helpful for inference in metacommunity ecology.
Collapse
|
47
|
Azevedo-Schmidt L, Currano ED. Leaf traits linked to structure and palatability drive plant-insect interactions within three forested ecosystems. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024; 111:e16263. [PMID: 38014690 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Plant traits and insect herbivory have been highly studied within the modern record but only to a limited extent within the paleontological. Preservation influences what can be measured within the fossil record, but modern methods are also not compatible with paleobotanical methods. To remedy this knowledge gap, a comparable framework was created here using modern and paleobotanical methods, allowing for future comparisons within the fossil record. METHODS Insect feeding damage on selected tree species at Harvard Forest, the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, and La Selva were characterized using the damage type system prevalent within paleobotanical studies and compared with leaf traits. Linear models and random forest analyses tested the influence of leaf traits on total, specialized, gall, and mine frequency and diversity. RESULTS Structural traits like leaf dry mass per area and palatability traits, including lignin and phosphorus concentrations, are important variables affecting gall and mine damage. The significance and strength of trait-herbivory relationships varied across forest types, which is likely driven by differences in local insect populations. CONCLUSIONS This work addresses the persistent gap between modern and paleoecological studies focusing on the influence of leaf traits on insect herbivory. This is important as modern climate change alters our understanding of plant-insect interactions, providing a need for contextualizing these relationships within evolutionary time. The fossil record provides information on terrestrial response to past climatic events and, thus, should be implemented when considering how to preserve biodiversity under current and future global change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Azevedo-Schmidt
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Ellen D Currano
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Xu S, Su H, Ren S, Hou J, Zhu Y. Functional traits and habitat heterogeneity explain tree growth in a warm temperate forest. Oecologia 2023; 203:371-381. [PMID: 37910255 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
To explore how traits determine demographic performance is an important goal of plant community ecology in explaining the assembly and dynamics of ecological communities. However, whether the prediction of individual-level trait data is more precise compared to species average trait data is questioned. Here, we analyzed the growth and trait data for 11 species collected from October 2018 to October 2020 in a temperate forest, Donglingshan, Beijing. To quantify the relationships between traits and growth rate, we conducted linear regression models at both the species and individual levels, as well as developed structural equation models at both levels. We found there was a clear difference in growth between the warm and cold seasons, with tree growth mainly concentrated in the warm season. Growth rate was positively correlated with the specific leaf area, while negatively correlated with leaf thickness and wood density without considering environmental information. Adding important contextual information in the analysis of species-level structural equation modeling, growth rates were positively correlated with specific leaf area and leaf thickness. However, in the individual-level, there was a negative correlation between growth rate and wood density. Our study showed that individual-level trait data have better predictions for individual growth than species-level data. When we use multiple traits and establish links between traits and tree size, we generated strong predictive relationships between traits and growth rates. Furthermore, our study highlighted that the importance of incorporating topographical factors and considering different seasons to assess the relationship between tree growth and functional traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiwei Xu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hongxin Su
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Siyuan Ren
- China Aero Geophysical Survey & Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jihua Hou
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lerdau MT, Monson RK, Ehleringer JR. The carbon balance of plants: economics, optimization, and trait spectra in a historical perspective. Oecologia 2023; 203:297-310. [PMID: 37874360 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05458-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Over fifty years have passed since the publication of Harold Mooney's formative paper, "The Carbon Balance of Plants" on pages 315-346 of Volume 3 (1972) of Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. Arguably, the conceptual framework presented in that paper, and the work by Mooney and his students leading up to the paper, provided the foundational principles from which core disciplines emerged in plant economic theory, functional trait theory and, more generally, plant physiological ecology. Here, we revisit the primary impacts of those early discoveries to understand how researchers constructed major concepts in our understanding of plant adaptations, and where those concepts are likely to take us in the near future. The discipline of functional trait ecology, which is rooted in the principles of evolutionary and economic optimization, has captured the imagination of the plant physiological ecology research community, though its emphasis has shifted toward predicting species distributions and ecological roles across resource gradients. In the face of 'big-data' research pursuits that are revealing trait expression patterns at the cellular level and mass and energy exchange patterns at the planetary scale, an opportunity exists to reconnect the principles of plant carbon balance and evolutionary optimization with trait origins at the genetic and cellular scales and trait impacts at the global scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel T Lerdau
- Departments of Environmental Sciences and of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
| | - Russell K Monson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - James R Ehleringer
- Global Change and Sustainability Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Piton G, Allison SD, Bahram M, Hildebrand F, Martiny JBH, Treseder KK, Martiny AC. Life history strategies of soil bacterial communities across global terrestrial biomes. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:2093-2102. [PMID: 37798477 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The life history strategies of soil microbes determine their metabolic potential and their response to environmental changes. Yet these strategies remain poorly understood. Here we use shotgun metagenomes from terrestrial biomes to characterize overarching covariations of the genomic traits that capture dominant life history strategies in bacterial communities. The emerging patterns show a triangle of life history strategies shaped by two trait dimensions, supporting previous theoretical and isolate-based studies. The first dimension ranges from streamlined genomes with simple metabolisms to larger genomes and expanded metabolic capacities. As metabolic capacities expand, bacterial communities increasingly differentiate along a second dimension that reflects a trade-off between increasing capacities for environmental responsiveness or for nutrient recycling. Random forest analyses show that soil pH, C:N ratio and precipitation patterns together drive the dominant life history strategy of soil bacterial communities and their biogeographic distribution. Our findings provide a trait-based framework to compare life history strategies of soil bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabin Piton
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Eco&Sols, University Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Steven D Allison
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad Bahram
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Falk Hildebrand
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
- Digital Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Jennifer B H Martiny
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen K Treseder
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Adam C Martiny
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|