1
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Turrini E, Ulfo L, Costantini PE, Saporetti R, Di Giosia M, Nigro M, Petrosino A, Pappagallo L, Kaltenbrunner A, Cantelli A, Pellicioni V, Catanzaro E, Fimognari C, Calvaresi M, Danielli A. Molecular engineering of a spheroid-penetrating phage nanovector for photodynamic treatment of colon cancer cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:144. [PMID: 38494579 PMCID: PMC10944812 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents an emerging strategy to treat various malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CC), the third most common cancer type. This work presents an engineered M13 phage retargeted towards CC cells through pentavalent display of a disulfide-constrained peptide nonamer. The M13CC nanovector was conjugated with the photosensitizer Rose Bengal (RB), and the photodynamic anticancer effects of the resulting M13CC-RB bioconjugate were investigated on CC cells. We show that upon irradiation M13CC-RB is able to impair CC cell viability, and that this effect depends on i) photosensitizer concentration and ii) targeting efficiency towards CC cell lines, proving the specificity of the vector compared to unmodified M13 phage. We also demonstrate that M13CC-RB enhances generation and intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggering CC cell death. To further investigate the anticancer potential of M13CC-RB, we performed PDT experiments on 3D CC spheroids, proving, for the first time, the ability of engineered M13 phage conjugates to deeply penetrate multicellular spheroids. Moreover, significant photodynamic effects, including spheroid disruption and cytotoxicity, were readily triggered at picomolar concentrations of the phage vector. Taken together, our results promote engineered M13 phages as promising nanovector platform for targeted photosensitization, paving the way to novel adjuvant approaches to fight CC malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Turrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita (QUVI), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, C.So D'Augusto, 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Luca Ulfo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Emidio Costantini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Saporetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Giosia
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Nigro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annapaola Petrosino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Pappagallo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alena Kaltenbrunner
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Cantelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza" Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Pellicioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita (QUVI), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, C.So D'Augusto, 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Elena Catanzaro
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy (CDIT) Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita (QUVI), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, C.So D'Augusto, 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alberto Danielli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Li XT, Peng SY, Feng SM, Bao TY, Li SZ, Li SY. Recent Progress in Phage-Based Nanoplatforms for Tumor Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307111. [PMID: 37806755 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanodrug delivery systems have demonstrated a great potential for tumor therapy with the development of nanotechnology. Nonetheless, traditional drug delivery systems are faced with issues such as complex synthetic procedures, low reproducibility, nonspecific distribution, impenetrability of biological barrier, systemic toxicity, etc. In recent years, phage-based nanoplatforms have attracted increasing attention in tumor treatment for their regular structure, fantastic carrying property, high transduction efficiency and biosafety. Notably, therapeutic or targeting peptides can be expressed on the surface of the phages through phage display technology, enabling the phage vectors to possess multifunctions. As a result, the drug delivery efficiency on tumor will be vastly improved, thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy while reducing the side effects on normal tissues. Moreover, phages can overcome the hindrance of biofilm barrier to elicit antitumor effects, which exhibit great advantages compared with traditional synthetic drug delivery systems. Herein, this review not only summarizes the structure and biology of the phages, but also presents their potential as prominent nanoplatforms against tumor in different pathways to inspire the development of effective nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Yi Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Mei Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Yu Bao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, the Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Sheng-Zhang Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, the Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Shi-Ying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
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3
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Bosco K, Lynch S, Sandaradura I, Khatami A. Therapeutic Phage Monitoring: A Review. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:S384-S394. [PMID: 37932121 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With the global rise in antimicrobial resistance, there has been a renewed interest in the application of therapeutic phages to treat bacterial infections. Therapeutic phage monitoring (TPM) is proposed as an essential element of phage therapy (PT) protocols to generate data and fill knowledge gaps regarding the in vivo efficacy of therapeutic phages, patients' immune responses to PT, and the wider ecological effects of PT. By monitoring phage concentrations in blood and tissues, together with immune responses and possible ecological changes during PT, TPM may enable the optimization of dosing and the implementation of precision medicine approaches. Furthermore, TPM can validate diagnostic surrogates of efficacy, direct research efforts, and establish quality assurance indicators for therapeutic phage products. Thus, TPM holds great potential for enhancing our understanding of the multidirectional phage-bacteria-host interactions and advancing "best practice" PT, ultimately improving patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Bosco
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephanie Lynch
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Indy Sandaradura
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ameneh Khatami
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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4
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Wu D, Zhang C, Liu Y, Yao J, Yang X, Wu S, Du J, Yang X. Beyond faecal microbiota transplantation, the non-negligible role of faecal virome or bacteriophage transplantation. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2023; 56:893-908. [PMID: 36890066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota, which contains bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, and viruses including bacteriophages, is symbiotic and evolves together with humans. The balanced intestinal microbiota plays indispensable roles in maintaining and regulating host metabolism and health. Dysbiosis has been associated with not only intestinal diseases but other diseases such as neurology disorders and cancers. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) or faecal virome or bacteriophage transplantation (FVT or FBT), transfers faecal bacteria or viruses, with a focus on bacteriophage, from one healthy individual to another individual (normally unhealthy condition), and aims to restore the balanced gut microbiota and assist in subduing diseases. In this review, we summarized the applications of FMT and FVT in clinical settings, discussed the advantages and challenges of FMT and FVT currently and proposed several considerations prospectively. We further provided our understanding of why FMT and FVT have their limitations and raised the possible future development strategy of FMT and FVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyu Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Shengru Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Juan Du
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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5
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Azarnoush A, Dambri OA, Karatop EU, Makrakis D, Cherkaoui S. Simulation and Performance Evaluation of a Bio-Inspired Nanogenerator for Medical Applications. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2023; 70:2616-2623. [PMID: 37030752 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3260200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Providing sufficient energy for autonomous systems at the nanoscale is one of the major challenges of the Internet of Nano Things (IoNT). Existing battery technologies and conventional integrated circuits cannot be used in such small dimensions. Even if they are small enough to be used at the nano level, they still cannot be used in medical applications due to biocompatibility issues. M13 is a very promising virus with piezoelectric properties, which has attracted much interest in the scientific community as a bioenergy harvester. However, M13 studies presented so far in the literature are designed only for macroscale systems. In this paper, we simulate two designs of a bio-inspired nanogenerator based on the properties of M13 for nanosystems. We derive the stiffness matrix of M13, its dielectric and piezoelectric matrices and its density. We verify our calculated values by comparing our simulations with the results of experimental studies presented in the literature. We also evaluate the system's performance in terms of frequency response and loading characteristics. The results presented in this study show that a single M13 is a very promising nano-generator that can be used for medical applications.
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6
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Al‐Bahrani M, Asavarut P, Waramit S, Suwan K, Hajitou A. Transmorphic phage-guided systemic delivery of TNFα gene for the treatment of human pediatric medulloblastoma. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23038. [PMID: 37331004 PMCID: PMC10947044 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300045r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common childhood brain tumor with an unfavorable prognosis and limited options of harmful treatments that are associated with devastating long-term side effects. Therefore, the development of safe, noninvasive, and effective therapeutic approaches is required to save the quality of life of young medulloblastoma survivors. We postulated that therapeutic targeting is a solution. Thus, we used a recently designed tumor-targeted bacteriophage (phage)-derived particle, named transmorphic phage/AAV, TPA, to deliver a transgene expressing the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) for targeted systemic therapy of medulloblastoma. This vector was engineered to display the double-cyclic RGD4C ligand to selectively target tumors after intravenous administration. Furthermore, the lack of native phage tropism in mammalian cells warrants safe and selective systemic delivery to the tumor microenvironment. In vitro RGD4C.TPA.TNFα treatment of human medulloblastoma cells generated efficient and selective TNFα expression, subsequently triggering cell death. Combination with the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin used clinically against medulloblastoma resulted in augmented effect through the enhancement of TNFα gene expression. Systemic administration of RGD4C.TPA.TNFα to mice-bearing subcutaneous medulloblastoma xenografts resulted in selective tumor homing of these particles and consequently, targeted tumor expression of TNFα, apoptosis, and destruction of the tumor vasculature. Thus, our RGD4C.TPA.TNFα particle provides selective and efficient systemic delivery of TNFα to medulloblastoma, yielding a potential TNFα anti-medulloblastoma therapy while sparing healthy tissues from the systemic toxicity of this cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Al‐Bahrani
- Phage Therapy Group, Department of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Present address:
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKuwait UniversityKuwait CityKuwait
| | - Paladd Asavarut
- Phage Therapy Group, Department of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Sajee Waramit
- Phage Therapy Group, Department of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Keittisak Suwan
- Phage Therapy Group, Department of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Amin Hajitou
- Phage Therapy Group, Department of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
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7
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Jędrusiak A, Fortuna W, Majewska J, Górski A, Jończyk-Matysiak E. Phage Interactions with the Nervous System in Health and Disease. Cells 2023; 12:1720. [PMID: 37443756 PMCID: PMC10341288 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system manages all of our activities (e.g., direct thinking and decision-making processes). It receives information from the environment and responds to environmental stimuli. Bacterial viruses (bacteriophages, phages) are the most numerous structures occurring in the biosphere and are also found in the human organism. Therefore, understanding how phages may influence this system is of great importance and is the purpose of this review. We have focused on the effect of natural bacteriophages in the central nervous system, linking them to those present in the gut microbiota, creating the gut-brain axis network, as well as their interdependence. Importantly, based on the current knowledge in the field of phage application (e.g., intranasal) in the treatment of bacterial diseases associated with the brain and nervous system, bacteriophages may have significant therapeutic potential. Moreover, it was indicated that bacteriophages may influence cognitive processing. In addition, phages (via phage display technology) appear promising as a targeted therapeutic tool in the treatment of, among other things, brain cancers. The information collected and reviewed in this work indicates that phages and their impact on the nervous system is a fascinating and, so far, underexplored field. Therefore, the aim of this review is not only to summarize currently available information on the association of phages with the nervous system, but also to stimulate future studies that could pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches potentially useful in treating bacterial and non-bacterial neural diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jędrusiak
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (J.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Wojciech Fortuna
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 54-427 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Phage Therapy Unit, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Majewska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (J.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrzej Górski
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (J.M.); (A.G.)
- Phage Therapy Unit, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
- Infant Jesus Hospital, The Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Jończyk-Matysiak
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (J.M.); (A.G.)
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8
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Zia S, Alkheraije KA. Recent trends in the use of bacteriophages as replacement of antimicrobials against food-animal pathogens. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1162465. [PMID: 37303721 PMCID: PMC10247982 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1162465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A major public health impact is associated with foodborne illnesses around the globe. Additionally, bacteria are becoming more resistant to antibiotics, which pose a global threat. Currently, many scientific efforts have been made to develop and implement new technologies to combat bacteria considering the increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in using phages as biocontrol agents for foodborne pathogens in animals used for food production and in food products themselves. Foodborne outbreaks persist, globally, in many foods, some of which lack adequate methods to control any pathogenic contamination (like fresh produce). This interest may be attributed both to consumers' desire for more natural food and to the fact that foodborne outbreaks continue to occur in many foods. Poultry is the most common animal to be treated with phage therapy to control foodborne pathogens. A large number of foodborne illnesses worldwide are caused by Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter, which are found in poultry and egg products. Conventional bacteriophage-based therapy can prevent and control humans and animals from various infectious diseases. In this context, describing bacteriophage therapy based on bacterial cells may offer a breakthrough for treating bacterial infections. Large-scale production of pheasants may be economically challenging to meet the needs of the poultry market. It is also possible to produce bacteriophage therapy on a large scale at a reduced cost. Recently, they have provided an ideal platform for designing and producing immune-inducing phages. Emerging foodborne pathogens will likely be targeted by new phage products in the future. In this review article, we will mainly focus on the Bacteriophages (phages) that have been proposed as an alternative strategy to antibiotics for food animal pathogens and their use for public health and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Zia
- Department of Zoology, Government Sadiq College Women University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Khalid A. Alkheraije
- Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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Bui NL, Nguyen MA, Nguyen ML, Bui QC, Chu DT. Phage for regenerative medicine and cosmetics. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 201:241-259. [PMID: 37770175 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Phage or bacteriophage is a specific virus with the ability to defeat bacteria. Because of the rising prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, the bacteriophage is now receiving interest again, with it application in skin infection or acne treatment. Moreover, bacteriophages also express their efficacy in wound healing or skin regeneration. Thanks to the development of bioengineering technology, phage display, which is a technique using bacteriophage as a tool, has recently been applied in many biotechnological and medical fields, especially in regenerative medicines. Bacteriophages can be used as nanomaterials, delivery vectors, growth factor alternatives, or in several bacteriophage display-derived therapeutics and stem cell technology. Although bacteriophage is no doubt to be a potential and effective alternative in modern medicine, there are still controversial evidence about the antibacterial efficacy as well as the affinity to expected targets of bacteriophage. Future mission is to optimize the specificity, stability, affinity and biodistribution of phage-derived substances. In this chapter, we focused on introducing several mechanisms and applications of bacteriophage and analyzing its future potential in regenerative medicines as well as cosmetics via previous research's results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat-Le Bui
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mai Anh Nguyen
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Manh-Long Nguyen
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quoc-Cuong Bui
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Tsedev U, Lin CW, Hess GT, Sarkaria JN, Lam FC, Belcher AM. Phage Particles of Controlled Length and Genome for In Vivo Targeted Glioblastoma Imaging and Therapeutic Delivery. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11676-11691. [PMID: 35830573 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
M13 bacteriophage (phage) are versatile, genetically tunable nanocarriers that have been recently adapted for use as diagnostic and therapeutic platforms. Applying p3 capsid chlorotoxin fusion with the "inho" circular single-stranded DNA (cssDNA) gene packaging system, we produced miniature chlorotoxin inho (CTX-inho) phage particles with a minimum length of 50 nm that can target intracranial orthotopic patient-derived GBM22 glioblastoma tumors in the brains of mice. Systemically administered indocyanine green conjugated CTX-inho phage accumulated in brain tumors, facilitating shortwave infrared detection. Furthermore, we show that our inho phage can carry cssDNA that are transcriptionally active when delivered to GBM22 glioma cells in vitro. The ability to modulate the capsid display, surface loading, phage length, and cssDNA gene content makes the recombinant M13 phage particle an ideal delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyanga Tsedev
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ching-Wei Lin
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Gaelen T Hess
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, Unites States
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, United States
| | - Fred C Lam
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Division of Neurosurgery, Saint Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton, Massachusetts 02135, United States
| | - Angela M Belcher
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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11
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Asavarut P, Waramit S, Suwan K, Marais GJK, Chongchai A, Benjathummarak S, Al‐Bahrani M, Vila‐Gomez P, Williams M, Kongtawelert P, Yata T, Hajitou A. Systemically targeted cancer immunotherapy and gene delivery using transmorphic particles. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15418. [PMID: 35758207 PMCID: PMC9358398 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202115418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a powerful tool for cancer treatment, but the pleiotropic nature of cytokines and immunological agents strongly limits clinical translation and safety. To address this unmet need, we designed and characterised a systemically targeted cytokine gene delivery system through transmorphic encapsidation of human recombinant adeno-associated virus DNA using coat proteins from a tumour-targeted bacteriophage (phage). We show that Transmorphic Phage/AAV (TPA) particles provide superior delivery of transgenes over current phage-derived vectors through greater diffusion across the extracellular space and improved intracellular trafficking. We used TPA to target the delivery of cytokine-encoding transgenes for interleukin-12 (IL12), and novel isoforms of IL15 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF α ) for tumour immunotherapy. Our results demonstrate selective and efficient gene delivery and immunotherapy against solid tumours in vivo, without harming healthy organs. Our transmorphic particle system provides a promising modality for safe and effective gene delivery, and cancer immunotherapies through cross-species complementation of two commonly used viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paladd Asavarut
- Cancer Phagotherapy, Department of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Sajee Waramit
- Cancer Phagotherapy, Department of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Keittisak Suwan
- Cancer Phagotherapy, Department of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Gert J K Marais
- Cancer Phagotherapy, Department of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Aitthiphon Chongchai
- Cancer Phagotherapy, Department of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Thailand Excellence Centre for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Surachet Benjathummarak
- Cancer Phagotherapy, Department of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Research, Faculty of Tropical MedicineMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Mariam Al‐Bahrani
- Cancer Phagotherapy, Department of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Paula Vila‐Gomez
- Cancer Phagotherapy, Department of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Prachya Kongtawelert
- Thailand Excellence Centre for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Teerapong Yata
- Cancer Phagotherapy, Department of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Present address:
Department of PhysiologyChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Amin Hajitou
- Cancer Phagotherapy, Department of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
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12
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Martinez BI, Mousa GA, Fleck K, MacCulloch T, Diehnelt CW, Stephanopoulos N, Stabenfeldt SE. Uncovering temporospatial sensitive TBI targeting strategies via in vivo phage display. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo5047. [PMID: 35867794 PMCID: PMC9307250 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo5047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a barrier to advancing diagnostics and therapeutics, including targeted drug delivery. We used a unique discovery pipeline to identify novel targeting motifs that recognize specific temporal phases of TBI pathology. This pipeline combined in vivo biopanning with domain antibody (dAb) phage display, next-generation sequencing analysis, and peptide synthesis. We identified targeting motifs based on the complementarity-determining region 3 structure of dAbs for acute (1 day post-injury) and subacute (7 days post-injury) post-injury time points in a preclinical TBI model (controlled cortical impact). Bioreactivity and temporal sensitivity of the targeting motifs were validated via immunohistochemistry. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry indicated that the acute TBI targeting motif recognized targets associated with metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction, whereas the subacute TBI motif was largely associated with neurodegenerative processes. This pipeline successfully discovered temporally specific TBI targeting motif/epitope pairs that will serve as the foundation for the next-generation targeted TBI therapeutics and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana I. Martinez
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Gergey Alzaem Mousa
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Kiera Fleck
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Tara MacCulloch
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Institute Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Chris W. Diehnelt
- Biodesign Institute Center for Innovations in Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Nicholas Stephanopoulos
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Institute Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Sarah E. Stabenfeldt
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Podlacha M, Grabowski Ł, Kosznik-Kawśnicka K, Zdrojewska K, Stasiłojć M, Węgrzyn G, Węgrzyn A. Interactions of Bacteriophages with Animal and Human Organisms-Safety Issues in the Light of Phage Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8937. [PMID: 34445641 PMCID: PMC8396182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are viruses infecting bacterial cells. Since there is a lack of specific receptors for bacteriophages on eukaryotic cells, these viruses were for a long time considered to be neutral to animals and humans. However, studies of recent years provided clear evidence that bacteriophages can interact with eukaryotic cells, significantly influencing the functions of tissues, organs, and systems of mammals, including humans. In this review article, we summarize and discuss recent discoveries in the field of interactions of phages with animal and human organisms. Possibilities of penetration of bacteriophages into eukaryotic cells, tissues, and organs are discussed, and evidence of the effects of phages on functions of the immune system, respiratory system, central nervous system, gastrointestinal system, urinary tract, and reproductive system are presented and discussed. Modulations of cancer cells by bacteriophages are indicated. Direct and indirect effects of virulent and temperate phages are discussed. We conclude that interactions of bacteriophages with animal and human organisms are robust, and they must be taken under consideration when using these viruses in medicine, especially in phage therapy, and in biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Podlacha
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (M.S.); (G.W.)
| | - Łukasz Grabowski
- Laboratory of Phage Therapy, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (Ł.G.); (K.K.-K.)
| | - Katarzyna Kosznik-Kawśnicka
- Laboratory of Phage Therapy, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (Ł.G.); (K.K.-K.)
| | - Karolina Zdrojewska
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (M.S.); (G.W.)
| | - Małgorzata Stasiłojć
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (M.S.); (G.W.)
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (M.S.); (G.W.)
| | - Alicja Węgrzyn
- Laboratory of Phage Therapy, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (Ł.G.); (K.K.-K.)
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14
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Li Y, Zhong M, Zhao P, Guo C, Xu H, Wang T, Gao H. Brain Targeting and Aβ Binding Bifunctional Nanoparticles Inhibit Amyloid Protein Aggregation in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2110-2121. [PMID: 34042421 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an insidious and progressive neurodegenerative disease with few disease-modifying treatments. A variety of peptide/protein drugs have neuroprotective effects, which brings new hope for the treatment of AD. However, the application of these drugs is limited because of their low specificity and difficulty in crossing the blood-brain barrier. Herein, using the phage display technology, we identified the Aβ oligomer binding peptide (KH) and the brain targeting peptide (IS). We combined these peptides to develop a bifunctional nanoparticle (IS@NP/KH) for the delivery of Aβ1-42 oligomer binding peptide into the brain. Intranasal administration of IS@NP/KH significantly attenuated the cognitive and behavioral deficits and reduced the Aβ deposition in the brain of an AD animal model (APPswe/PS 1d9 double-transgenic mice). Our results suggest that intranasal IS@NP/KH administration could be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancheng Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - You Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Manli Zhong
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Pu Zhao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Chuang Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - He Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Huiling Gao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110819, China
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15
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Aljabali AAA, Al Zoubi MS, Al-Batayneh KM, Pardhi DM, Dua K, Pal K, Tambuwala MM. Innovative Applications of Plant Viruses in Drug Targeting and Molecular Imaging- A Review. Curr Med Imaging 2021; 17:491-506. [PMID: 33030133 DOI: 10.2174/1573405616666201007160243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nature had already engineered various types of nanoparticles (NPs), especially viruses, which can deliver their cargo to the host/targeted cells. The ability to selectively target specific cells offers a significant advantage over the conventional approach. Numerous organic NPs, including native protein cages, virus-like particles, polymeric saccharides, and liposomes, have been used for the preparation of nanoparticles. Such nanomaterials have demonstrated better performance as well as improved biocompatibility, devoid of side effects, and stable without any deterioration. OBJECTIVE This review discusses current clinical and scientific research on naturally occurring nanomaterials. It also illustrates and updates the tailor-made approaches for selective delivery and targeted medications that require a high-affinity interconnection to the targeted cells. METHODS A comprehensive search was performed using keywords for viral nanoparticles, viral particles for drug delivery, viral nanoparticles for molecular imaging, theranostics applications of viral nanoparticles and plant viruses in nanomedicine. We searched on Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer, Medline, and Elsevier from 2000 till date and by the bibliographic review of all identified articles. RESULTS The findings demonstrated that structures dependent on nanomaterials might have potential applications in diagnostics, cell marking, comparing agents (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging), and antimicrobial drugs, as well as drug delivery structures. However, measures should be taken in order to prevent or mitigate, in pharmaceutical or medical applications, the toxic impact or incompatibility of nanoparticle-based structures with biological systems. CONCLUSION The review provided an overview of the latest advances in nanotechnology, outlining the difficulties and the advantages of in vivo and in vitro structures that are focused on a specific subset of the natural nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University - Faculty of Pharmacy, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mazhar S Al Zoubi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University - Faculty of Medicine, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khalid M Al-Batayneh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University - Faculty of Science, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Dinesh M Pardhi
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FL-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kaushik Pal
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitaria, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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16
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Łobocka M, Dąbrowska K, Górski A. Engineered Bacteriophage Therapeutics: Rationale, Challenges and Future. BioDrugs 2021; 35:255-280. [PMID: 33881767 PMCID: PMC8084836 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-021-00480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The current problems with increasing bacterial resistance to antibacterial therapies, resulting in a growing frequency of incurable bacterial infections, necessitates the acceleration of studies on antibacterials of a new generation that could offer an alternative to antibiotics or support their action. Bacteriophages (phages) can kill antibiotic-sensitive as well as antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and thus are a major subject of such studies. Their efficacy in curing bacterial infections has been demonstrated in in vivo experiments and in the clinic. Unlike antibiotics, phages have a narrow range of specificity, which makes them safe for commensal microbiota. However, targeting even only the most clinically relevant strains of pathogenic bacteria requires large collections of well characterized phages, whose specificity would cover all such strains. The environment is a rich source of diverse phages, but due to their complex relationships with bacteria and safety concerns, only some naturally occurring phages can be considered for therapeutic applications. Still, their number and diversity make a detailed characterization of all potentially promising phages virtually impossible. Moreover, no single phage combines all the features required of an ideal therapeutic agent. Additionally, the rapid acquisition of phage resistance by bacteria may make phages already approved for therapy ineffective and turn the search for environmental phages of better efficacy and new specificity into an endless race. An alternative strategy for acquiring phages with desired properties in a short time with minimal cost regarding their acquisition, characterization, and approval for therapy could be based on targeted genome modifications of phage isolates with known properties. The first example demonstrating the potential of this strategy in curing bacterial diseases resistant to traditional therapy is the recent successful treatment of a progressing disseminated Mycobacterium abscessus infection in a teenage patient with the use of an engineered phage. In this review, we briefly present current methods of phage genetic engineering, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, and provide examples of genetically engineered phages with a modified host range, improved safety or antibacterial activity, and proven therapeutic efficacy. We also summarize novel uses of engineered phages not only for killing pathogenic bacteria, but also for in situ modification of human microbiota to attenuate symptoms of certain bacterial diseases and metabolic, immune, or mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Łobocka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Górski
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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17
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Kaźmierczak Z, Majewska J, Milczarek M, Owczarek B, Dąbrowska K. Circulation of Fluorescently Labelled Phage in a Murine Model. Viruses 2021; 13:297. [PMID: 33672895 PMCID: PMC7917791 DOI: 10.3390/v13020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between bacteriophages and mammals strongly affect possible applications of bacteriophages. This has created a need for tools that facilitate studies of phage circulation and deposition in tissues. Here, we propose red fluorescent protein (RFP)-labelled E. coli lytic phages as a new tool for the investigation of phage interactions with cells and tissues. The interaction of RFP-labelled phages with living eukaryotic cells (macrophages) was visualized after 20 min of co-incubation. RFP-labeled phages were applied in a murine model of phage circulation in vivo. Phages administered by three different routes (intravenously, orally, rectally) were detected through the course of time. The intravenous route of administration was the most efficient for phage delivery to multiple body compartments: 20 min after administration, virions were detected in lymph nodes, lungs, and liver; 30 min after administration, they were detectable in muscles; and 1 h after administration, phages were detected in spleen and lymph nodes. Oral and rectal administration of RFP-labelled phages allowed for their detection in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Kaźmierczak
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital, Kamieńskiego 73a, 51-154 Wroclaw, Poland
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.M.); (B.O.); (K.D.)
| | - Joanna Majewska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.M.); (B.O.); (K.D.)
| | - Magdalena Milczarek
- Laboratory of Experimental Anticancer Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Barbara Owczarek
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.M.); (B.O.); (K.D.)
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.M.); (B.O.); (K.D.)
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18
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Tzani-Tzanopoulou P, Skliros D, Megremis S, Xepapadaki P, Andreakos E, Chanishvili N, Flemetakis E, Kaltsas G, Taka S, Lebessi E, Doudoulakakis A, Papadopoulos NG. Interactions of Bacteriophages and Bacteria at the Airway Mucosa: New Insights Into the Pathophysiology of Asthma. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 1:617240. [PMID: 35386933 PMCID: PMC8974763 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2020.617240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium is the primary site where inhaled and resident microbiota interacts between themselves and the host, potentially playing an important role on allergic asthma development and pathophysiology. With the advent of culture independent molecular techniques and high throughput technologies, the complex composition and diversity of bacterial communities of the airways has been well-documented and the notion of the lungs' sterility definitively rejected. Recent studies indicate that the microbial composition of the asthmatic airways across the spectrum of disease severity, differ significantly compared with healthy individuals. In parallel, a growing body of evidence suggests that bacterial viruses (bacteriophages or simply phages), regulating bacterial populations, are present in almost every niche of the human body and can also interact directly with the eukaryotic cells. The triptych of airway epithelial cells, bacterial symbionts and resident phages should be considered as a functional and interdependent unit with direct implications on the respiratory and overall homeostasis. While the role of epithelial cells in asthma pathophysiology is well-established, the tripartite interactions between epithelial cells, bacteria and phages should be scrutinized, both to better understand asthma as a system disorder and to explore potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Tzani-Tzanopoulou
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Skliros
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Megremis
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paraskevi Xepapadaki
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research of the Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nina Chanishvili
- Laboratory for Genetics of Microorganisms and Bacteriophages, Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology & Virology, Tbilisi, GA, United States
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Grigoris Kaltsas
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Styliani Taka
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Lebessi
- Department of Microbiology, P. & A. Kyriakou Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Ojha SK, Pattnaik R, Singh PK, Dixit S, Mishra S, Pal S, Kumar S. Virus as nanocarrier for drug delivery redefining medical therapeutics - A status report. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 25:1619-1629. [PMID: 33342404 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666201218115850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, drug delivery systems have evolved at a tremendous rate. Synthetic nanoparticles have played an important role in the design of vaccine and their delivery as many of them have shown improved safety and efficacy over conventional formulations. Nanocarriers formulated by natural, biological building blocks have become an important tool in the field biomedicine. A successful nanocarrier must have certain properties like evading the host immune system, target specificity, cellular entry, escape from endosomes, and ability to release material into the cytoplasm. Some or all of these functions can be performed by viruses making them a suitable candidate for naturally occurring nanocarriers. Moreover, viruses can be made non-infectious and non-replicative without compromising their ability to penetrate cells thus making them useful for a vast spectrum of applications. Currently, various carrier molecules are under different stages of development to become bio-nano capsules. This review covers the advances made in the field of viruses as potential nanocarriers and discusses the related technologies and strategies to target specific cells by using virus inspired nanocarriers. In future, these virus-based nano-formulations will be able to provide solutions towards pressing and emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Ojha
- Pandorum Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore Bioinnovation Centre, Helix Biotech Park, Electronic City Phase 1, Bengaluru - 560 100. India
| | - Ritesh Pattnaik
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed-to-beUniversity, Bhubaneswar 751 024. India
| | - Puneet Kumar Singh
- Bioenergy Lab and BDTC, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed-to-be-University, Bhubaneswar 751 024. India
| | - Shubha Dixit
- School of Pharmacy, Lloyd Institute of Management and Technology, PlotNo.11, Knowledge Park II Greater Noida- 201310. India
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- Bioenergy Lab and BDTC, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed-to-be-University, Bhubaneswar 751 024. India
| | - Sreyasi Pal
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed-to-beUniversity, Bhubaneswar 751 024. India
| | - Subrat Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed-to-beUniversity, Bhubaneswar 751 024. India
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20
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Characterization of vB_StuS_MMDA13, a Newly Discovered Bacteriophage Infecting the Agar-Degrading Species Sphingomonas turrisvirgatae. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080894. [PMID: 32824138 PMCID: PMC7472734 DOI: 10.3390/v12080894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of Sphingomonas genus have gained a notable interest for their use in a wide range of biotechnological applications, ranging from bioremediation to the production of valuable compounds of industrial interest. To date, knowledge on phages targeting Sphingomonas spp. are still scarce. Here, we describe and characterize a lytic bacteriophage, named vB_StuS_MMDA13, able to infect the Sphingomonas turrisvirgatae MCT13 type strain. Physiological characterization demonstrated that vB_StuS_MMDA13 has a narrow host range, a long latency period, a low burst size, and it is overall stable to both temperature and pH variations. The phage has a double-stranded DNA genome of 63,743 bp, with 89 open reading frames arranged in two opposite arms separated by a 1186 bp non-coding region and shows a very low global similarity to any other known phages. Interestingly, vB_StuS_MMDA13 is endowed with an original nucleotide modification biosynthetic gene cluster, which greatly differs from those of its most closely related phages of the Nipunavirus genus. vB_StuS_MMDA13 is the first characterized lytic bacteriophage of the Siphoviridae family infecting members of the Sphingomonas genus.
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Lathe R, St Clair D. From conifers to cognition: Microbes, brain and behavior. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 19:e12680. [PMID: 32515128 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A diversity of bacteria, protozoans and viruses ("endozoites") were recently uncovered within healthy tissues including the human brain. By contrast, it was already recognized a century ago that healthy plants tissues contain abundant endogenous microbes ("endophytes"). Taking endophytes as an informative precedent, we overview the nature, prevalence, and role of endozoites in mammalian tissues, centrally focusing on the brain, concluding that endozoites are ubiquitous in diverse tissues. These passengers often remain subclinical, but they are not silent. We address their routes of entry, mechanisms of persistence, tissue specificity, and potential to cause long-term behavioral changes and/or immunosuppression in mammals, where rabies virus is the exemplar. We extend the discussion to Herpesviridae, Coronaviridae, and Toxoplasma, as well as to diverse bacteria and yeasts, and debate the advantages and disadvantages that endozoite infection might afford to the host and to the ecosystem. We provide a clinical perspective in which endozoites are implicated in neurodegenerative disease, anxiety/depression, and schizophrenia. We conclude that endozoites are instrumental in the delicate balance between health and disease, including age-related brain disease, and that endozoites have played an important role in the evolution of brain function and human behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lathe
- Division of Infection Medicine, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David St Clair
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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22
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Li Y, Qu X, Cao B, Yang T, Bao Q, Yue H, Zhang L, Zhang G, Wang L, Qiu P, Zhou N, Yang M, Mao C. Selectively Suppressing Tumor Angiogenesis for Targeted Breast Cancer Therapy by Genetically Engineered Phage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001260. [PMID: 32495365 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antiangiogenesis is a promising approach to cancer therapy but is limited by the lack of tumor-homing capability of the current antiangiogenic agents. Angiogenin, a protein overexpressed and secreted by tumors to trigger angiogenesis for their growth, has never been explored as an antiangiogenic target in cancer therapy. Here it is shown that filamentous fd phage, as a biomolecular biocompatible nanofiber, can be engineered to become capable of first homing to orthotopic breast tumors and then capturing angiogenin to prevent tumor angiogenesis, resulting in targeted cancer therapy without side effects. The phage is genetically engineered to display many copies of an identified angiogenin-binding peptide on its side wall and multiple copies of a breast-tumor-homing peptide at its tip. Since the tumor-homing peptide can be discovered and customized virtually toward any specific cancer by phage display, the angiogenin-binding phages are thus universal "plug-and-play" tumor-homing cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019-5300, USA
| | - Xuewei Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019-5300, USA
| | - Binrui Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019-5300, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Qing Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Hui Yue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019-5300, USA
| | - Genwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019-5300, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019-5300, USA
| | - Penghe Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019-5300, USA
| | - Ningyun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019-5300, USA
| | - Mingying Yang
- Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019-5300, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
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Krishnaswamy S, Huang HW, Marchal IS, Ryoo HD, Sigurdsson EM. Neuronally expressed anti-tau scFv prevents tauopathy-induced phenotypes in Drosophila models. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 137:104770. [PMID: 31982516 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We have derived single-chain variable fragments (scFv) from tau antibody hybridomas and previously shown their promise as imaging diagnostic agents. Here, we examined the therapeutic potential of anti-tau scFv in transgenic Drosophila models that express in neurons wild-type (WT) human tau (htau) or the human tauopathy mutation R406W. scFv expressing flies were crossed with the tauopathy flies and analyzed. Overall, the survival curves differed significantly (p < .0001). Control flies not expressing htau survived the longest, whereas R406W expressing flies had the shortest lifespan, which was greatly prolonged by co-expressing the anti-tau scFv (p < .0001). Likewise, htau WT expressing flies had a moderately short lifespan, which was prolonged by co-expressing the anti-tau scFv (p < .01). In addition, the htau expression impaired wing expansion after eclosion (p < .0001), and caused progressive abdomen expansion (p < .0001). These features were more severe in htau R406W flies than in htau WT flies. Importantly, both phenotypes were prevented by co-expression of the anti-tau scFv (p < .01-0.0001). Lastly, brain analyses revealed scFv-mediated tau clearance (p < .05-0.01), and its prevention of tau-mediated neurotoxicity (p < .05-0.001). In summary, these findings support the therapeutic potential of an anti-tau scFv, including as gene therapies, and the use of Drosophila models for such screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Krishnaswamy
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Huai-Wei Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Isabella S Marchal
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Hyung Don Ryoo
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
| | - Einar M Sigurdsson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America; Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
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24
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Recent Developments and Prospects of M13- Bacteriophage Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Devices. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10010093. [PMID: 31906516 PMCID: PMC7022932 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, biocompatible energy harvesting devices have received a great deal of attention for biomedical applications. Among various biomaterials, viruses are expected to be very promising biomaterials for the fabrication of functional devices due to their unique characteristics. While other natural biomaterials have limitations in mass-production, low piezoelectric properties, and surface modification, M13 bacteriophages (phages), which is one type of virus, are likely to overcome these issues with their mass-amplification, self-assembled structure, and genetic modification. Based on these advantages, many researchers have started to develop virus-based energy harvesting devices exhibiting superior properties to previous biomaterial-based devices. To enhance the power of these devices, researchers have tried to modify the surface properties of M13 phages, form biomimetic hierarchical structures, control the dipole alignments, and more. These methods for fabricating virus-based energy harvesting devices can form a powerful strategy to develop high-performance biocompatible energy devices for a wide range of practical applications in the future. In this review, we discuss all these issues in detail.
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25
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Dąbrowska K, Abedon ST. Pharmacologically Aware Phage Therapy: Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Obstacles to Phage Antibacterial Action in Animal and Human Bodies. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2019; 83:e00012-19. [PMID: 31666296 PMCID: PMC6822990 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00012-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of viruses infecting bacteria (bacteriophages or phages) to treat bacterial infections has been ongoing clinically for approximately 100 years. Despite that long history, the growing international crisis of resistance to standard antibiotics, abundant anecdotal evidence of efficacy, and one successful modern clinical trial of efficacy, this phage therapy is not yet a mainstream approach in medicine. One explanation for why phage therapy has not been subject to more widespread implementation is that phage therapy research, both preclinical and clinical, can be insufficiently pharmacologically aware. Consequently, here we consider the pharmacological obstacles to phage therapy effectiveness, with phages in phage therapy explicitly being considered to serve as drug equivalents. The study of pharmacology has traditionally been differentiated into pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects. We therefore separately consider the difficulties that phages as virions can have in traveling through body compartments toward reaching their target bacteria (pharmacokinetics) and the difficulties that phages can have in exerting antibacterial activity once they have reached those bacteria (pharmacodynamics). The latter difficulties, at least in part, are functions of phage host range and bacterial resistance to phages. Given the apparently low toxicity of phages and the minimal side effects of phage therapy as practiced, phage therapy should be successful so long as phages can reach the targeted bacteria in sufficiently high numbers, adsorb, and then kill those bacteria. Greater awareness of what obstacles to this success generally or specifically can exist, as documented in this review, should aid in the further development of phage therapy toward wider use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Stephen T Abedon
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Mansfield, Ohio, USA
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26
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Bathini P, Brai E, Auber LA. Olfactory dysfunction in the pathophysiological continuum of dementia. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 55:100956. [PMID: 31479764 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sensory capacities like smell, taste, hearing, vision decline with aging, but increasing evidence show that sensory dysfunctions are one of the early signs diagnosing the conversion from physiological to pathological brain state. Smell loss represents the best characterized sense in clinical practice and is considered as one of the first preclinical signs of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, occurring a decade or more before the onset of cognitive and motor symptoms. Despite the numerous scientific reports and the adoption in clinical practice, the etiology of sensory damage as prodromal of dementia remains largely unexplored and more studies are needed to resolve the mechanisms underlying sensory network dysfunction. Although both cognitive and sensory domains are progressively affected, loss of sensory experience in early stages plays a major role in reducing the autonomy of demented people in their daily tasks or even possibly contributing to their cognitive decline. Interestingly, the chemosensory circuitry is devoid of a blood brain barrier, representing a vulnerable port of entry for neurotoxic species that can spread to the brain. Furthermore, the exposure of the olfactory system to the external environment make it more susceptible to mechanical injury and trauma, which can cause degenerative neuroinflammation. In this review, we will summarize several findings about chemosensory impairment signing the conversion from healthy to pathological brain aging and we will try to connect those observations to the promising research linking environmental influences to sporadic dementia. The scientific body of knowledge will support the use of chemosensory diagnostics in the presymptomatic stages of AD and other biomarkers with the scope of finding treatment strategies before the onset of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Bathini
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Brai
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lavinia Alberi Auber
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Swiss Integrative Center of Human Health, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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27
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Sellers DL, Tan JKY, Pineda JMB, Peeler DJ, Porubsky VL, Olden BR, Salipante SJ, Pun SH. Targeting Ligands Deliver Model Drug Cargo into the Central Nervous System along Autonomic Neurons. ACS NANO 2019; 13:10961-10971. [PMID: 31589023 PMCID: PMC7651855 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
While biologic drugs such as proteins, peptides, or nucleic acids have shown promise in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) severely limits drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) after systemic administration. Consequently, drug delivery challenges preclude biological drug candidates from the clinical armamentarium. In order to target drug delivery and uptake into to the CNS, we used an in vivo phage display screen to identify peptides able to target drug-uptake by the vast array of neurons of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Using next-generation sequencing, we identified 21 candidate targeted ANS-to-CNS uptake ligands (TACL) that enriched bacteriophage accumulation and delivered protein-cargo into the CNS after intraperitoneal (IP) administration. The series of TACL peptides were synthesized and tested for their ability to deliver a model enzyme (NeutrAvidin-horseradish peroxidase fusion) to the brain and spinal cord. Three TACL-peptides facilitated significant active enzyme delivery into the CNS, with limited accumulation in off-target organs. Peptide structure and serum stability is increased when internal cysteine residues are cyclized by perfluoroarylation with decafluorobiphenyl, which increased delivery to the CNS further. TACL-peptide was demonstrated to localize in parasympathetic ganglia neurons in addition to neuronal structures in the hindbrain and spinal cord. By targeting uptake into ANS neurons, we demonstrate the potential for TACL-peptides to bypass the blood-brain barrier and deliver a model drug into the brain and spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew L. Sellers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - James-Kevin Y. Tan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Julio Marco B. Pineda
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - David J. Peeler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Veronica L. Porubsky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Brynn R. Olden
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Stephen J. Salipante
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Suzie H. Pun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
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28
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Sartorius R, D'Apice L, Prisco A, De Berardinis P. Arming Filamentous Bacteriophage, a Nature-Made Nanoparticle, for New Vaccine and Immunotherapeutic Strategies. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E437. [PMID: 31480551 PMCID: PMC6781307 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11090437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical use of bacteriophages as safe and inexpensive therapeutic tools is collecting renewed interest. The use of lytic phages to fight antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains is pursued in academic and industrial projects and is the object of several clinical trials. On the other hand, filamentous bacteriophages used for the phage display technology can also have diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Filamentous bacteriophages are nature-made nanoparticles useful for their size, the capability to enter blood vessels, and the capacity of high-density antigen expression. In the last decades, our laboratory focused its efforts in the study of antigen delivery strategies based on the filamentous bacteriophage 'fd', able to trigger all arms of the immune response, with particular emphasis on the ability of the MHC class I restricted antigenic determinants displayed on phages to induce strong and protective cytotoxic responses. We showed that fd bacteriophages, engineered to target mouse dendritic cells (DCs), activate innate and adaptive responses without the need of exogenous adjuvants, and more recently, we described the display of immunologically active lipids. In this review, we will provide an overview of the reported applications of the bacteriophage carriers and describe the advantages of exploiting this technology for delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Sartorius
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), 80131 CNR Naples, Italy
| | - Luciana D'Apice
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), 80131 CNR Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonella Prisco
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" (IGB), 80131 CNR Naples, Italy
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29
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Raja IS, Kim C, Song SJ, Shin YC, Kang MS, Hyon SH, Oh JW, Han DW. Virus-Incorporated Biomimetic Nanocomposites for Tissue Regeneration. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1014. [PMID: 31311134 PMCID: PMC6669830 DOI: 10.3390/nano9071014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the astonishing properties of non-harmful viruses, tissue regeneration using virus-based biomimetic materials has been an emerging trend recently. The selective peptide expression and enrichment of the desired peptide on the surface, monodispersion, self-assembly, and ease of genetic and chemical modification properties have allowed viruses to take a long stride in biomedical applications. Researchers have published many reviews so far describing unusual properties of virus-based nanoparticles, phage display, modification, and possible biomedical applications, including biosensors, bioimaging, tissue regeneration, and drug delivery, however the integration of the virus into different biomaterials for the application of tissue regeneration is not yet discussed in detail. This review will focus on various morphologies of virus-incorporated biomimetic nanocomposites in tissue regeneration and highlight the progress, challenges, and future directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuntae Kim
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Song
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Yong Cheol Shin
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Moon Sung Kang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Suong-Hyu Hyon
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
| | - Jin-Woo Oh
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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30
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Batinovic S, Wassef F, Knowler SA, Rice DTF, Stanton CR, Rose J, Tucci J, Nittami T, Vinh A, Drummond GR, Sobey CG, Chan HT, Seviour RJ, Petrovski S, Franks AE. Bacteriophages in Natural and Artificial Environments. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8030100. [PMID: 31336985 PMCID: PMC6789717 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are biological entities that have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. They have been reported as the most abundant biological entities on the planet and their ability to impact the composition of bacterial communities is of great interest. In this review, we aim to explore where phages exist in natural and artificial environments and how they impact communities. The natural environment in this review will focus on the human body, soils, and the marine environment. In these naturally occurring environments there is an abundance of phages suggesting a role in the maintenance of bacterial community homeostasis. The artificial environment focuses on wastewater treatment plants, industrial processes, followed by pharmaceutical formulations. As in natural environments, the existence of bacteria in manmade wastewater treatment plants and industrial processes inevitably attracts phages. The presence of phages in these environments can inhibit the bacteria required for efficient water treatment or food production. Alternatively, they can have a positive impact by eliminating recalcitrant organisms. Finally, we conclude by describing how phages can be manipulated or formulated into pharmaceutical products in the laboratory for use in natural or artificial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Batinovic
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Flavia Wassef
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Sarah A Knowler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Daniel T F Rice
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Cassandra R Stanton
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Jayson Rose
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Joseph Tucci
- Department of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia
| | - Tadashi Nittami
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Antony Vinh
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Hiu Tat Chan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Robert J Seviour
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Steve Petrovski
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - Ashley E Franks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
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31
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Audette GF, Yaseen A, Bragagnolo N, Bawa R. Protein Nanotubes: From Bionanotech towards Medical Applications. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7020046. [PMID: 31234611 PMCID: PMC6630890 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanobiotechnology involves the study of structures found in nature to construct nanodevices for biological and medical applications with the ultimate goal of commercialization. Within a cell most biochemical processes are driven by proteins and associated macromolecular complexes. Evolution has optimized these protein-based nanosystems within living organisms over millions of years. Among these are flagellin and pilin-based systems from bacteria, viral-based capsids, and eukaryotic microtubules and amyloids. While carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and protein/peptide-CNT composites, remain one of the most researched nanosystems due to their electrical and mechanical properties, there are many concerns regarding CNT toxicity and biodegradability. Therefore, proteins have emerged as useful biotemplates for nanomaterials due to their assembly under physiologically relevant conditions and ease of manipulation via protein engineering. This review aims to highlight some of the current research employing protein nanotubes (PNTs) for the development of molecular imaging biosensors, conducting wires for microelectronics, fuel cells, and drug delivery systems. The translational potential of PNTs is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald F Audette
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Ayat Yaseen
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Nicholas Bragagnolo
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Raj Bawa
- Patent Law Department, Bawa Biotech LLC, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.
- Guanine Inc., Rensselaer, NY 12144-3463, USA.
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute of Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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32
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Sokullu E, Soleymani Abyaneh H, Gauthier MA. Plant/Bacterial Virus-Based Drug Discovery, Drug Delivery, and Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E211. [PMID: 31058814 PMCID: PMC6572107 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses have recently emerged as promising nanomaterials for biotechnological applications. One of the most important applications of viruses is phage display, which has already been employed to identify a broad range of potential therapeutic peptides and antibodies, as well as other biotechnologically relevant polypeptides (including protease inhibitors, minimizing proteins, and cell/organ targeting peptides). Additionally, their high stability, easily modifiable surface, and enormous diversity in shape and size, distinguish viruses from synthetic nanocarriers used for drug delivery. Indeed, several plant and bacterial viruses (e.g., phages) have been investigated and applied as drug carriers. The ability to remove the genetic material within the capsids of some plant viruses and phages produces empty viral-like particles that are replication-deficient and can be loaded with therapeutic agents. This review summarizes the current applications of plant viruses and phages in drug discovery and as drug delivery systems and includes a discussion of the present status of virus-based materials in clinical research, alongside the observed challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Sokullu
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - Hoda Soleymani Abyaneh
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - Marc A Gauthier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada.
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33
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Huh H, Wong S, St Jean J, Slavcev R. Bacteriophage interactions with mammalian tissue: Therapeutic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 145:4-17. [PMID: 30659855 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human body is a large reservoir for bacterial viruses known as bacteriophages (phages), which participate in dynamic interactions with their bacterial and human hosts that ultimately affect human health. The current growing interest in human resident phages is paralleled by new uses of phages, including the design of engineered phages for therapeutic applications. Despite the increasing number of clinical trials being conducted, the understanding of the interaction of phages and mammalian cells and tissues is still largely unknown. The presence of phages in compartments within the body previously considered purely sterile, suggests that phages possess a unique capability of bypassing anatomical and physiological barriers characterized by varying degrees of selectivity and permeability. This review will discuss the direct evidence of the accumulation of bacteriophages in various tissues, focusing on the unique capability of phages to traverse relatively impermeable barriers in mammals and its relevance to its current applications in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haein Huh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10A Victoria St S, Kitchener N2G 1C5, Canada
| | - Shirley Wong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10A Victoria St S, Kitchener N2G 1C5, Canada
| | - Jesse St Jean
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10A Victoria St S, Kitchener N2G 1C5, Canada
| | - Roderick Slavcev
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10A Victoria St S, Kitchener N2G 1C5, Canada.
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Cao B, Li Y, Yang T, Bao Q, Yang M, Mao C. Bacteriophage-based biomaterials for tissue regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 145:73-95. [PMID: 30452949 PMCID: PMC6522342 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophage, also called phage, is a human-safe bacteria-specific virus. It is a monodisperse biological nanostructure made of proteins (forming the outside surface) and nucleic acids (encased in the protein capsid). Among different types of phages, filamentous phages have received great attention in tissue regeneration research due to their unique nanofiber-like morphology. They can be produced in an error-free format, self-assemble into ordered scaffolds, display multiple signaling peptides site-specifically, and serve as a platform for identifying novel signaling or homing peptides. They can direct stem cell differentiation into specific cell types when they are organized into proper patterns or display suitable peptides. These unusual features have allowed scientists to employ them to regenerate a variety of tissues, including bone, nerves, cartilage, skin, and heart. This review will summarize the progress in the field of phage-based tissue regeneration and the future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binrui Cao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, United States
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Qing Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Mingying Yang
- Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, United States; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China.
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Engineering Bacteriophages as Versatile Biologics. Trends Microbiol 2019; 27:355-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Przystal JM, Waramit S, Pranjol MZI, Yan W, Chu G, Chongchai A, Samarth G, Olaciregui NG, Tabatabai G, Carcaboso AM, Aboagye EO, Suwan K, Hajitou A. Efficacy of systemic temozolomide-activated phage-targeted gene therapy in human glioblastoma. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e8492. [PMID: 30808679 PMCID: PMC6460351 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal primary intracranial malignant neoplasm in adults and most resistant to treatment. Integration of gene therapy and chemotherapy, chemovirotherapy, has the potential to improve treatment. We have introduced an intravenous bacteriophage (phage) vector for dual targeting of therapeutic genes to glioblastoma. It is a hybrid AAV/phage, AAVP, designed to deliver a recombinant adeno-associated virus genome (rAAV) by the capsid of M13 phage. In this vector, dual tumor targeting is first achieved by phage capsid display of the RGD4C ligand that binds the αvβ3 integrin receptor. Second, genes are expressed from a tumor-activated and temozolomide (TMZ)-induced promoter of the glucose-regulated protein, Grp78 Here, we investigated systemic combination therapy using TMZ and targeted suicide gene therapy by the RGD4C/AAVP-Grp78 Firstly, in vitro we showed that TMZ increases endogenous Grp78 gene expression and boosts transgene expression from the RGD4C/AAVP-Grp78 in human GBM cells. Next, RGD4C/AAVP-Grp78 targets intracranial tumors in mice following intravenous administration. Finally, combination of TMZ and RGD4C/AAVP-Grp78 targeted gene therapy exerts a synergistic effect to suppress growth of orthotopic glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Magdalena Przystal
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sajee Waramit
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Md Zahidul Islam Pranjol
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wenqing Yan
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Grace Chu
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Aitthiphon Chongchai
- Thailand Excellence Centre for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Gargi Samarth
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nagore Gene Olaciregui
- Institute de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Interdisciplinary Division of Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center for CNS Tumors, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angel Montero Carcaboso
- Institute de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Ofori Aboagye
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Keittisak Suwan
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Amin Hajitou
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Dąbrowska K. Phage therapy: What factors shape phage pharmacokinetics and bioavailability? Systematic and critical review. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:2000-2025. [PMID: 30887551 PMCID: PMC6767042 DOI: 10.1002/med.21572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophages are not forgotten viruses anymore: scientists and practitioners seek to understand phage pharmacokinetics in animals and humans, investigating bacteriophages as therapeutics, nanocarriers or microbiome components. This review provides a comprehensive overview of factors that determine phage circulation, penetration, and clearance, and that in consequence determine phage applicability for medicine. It makes use of experimental data collected by the phage community so far (PubMed 1924‐2016, including non‐English reports), combining elements of critical and systematic review. This study covers phage ability to enter a system by various routes of administration, how (and if) the phage may access various tissues and organs, and finally what mechanisms determine the courses of phage clearance. The systematic review method was applied to analyze (i) phage survival in the gut (gut transit) and (ii) phage ability to enter the mammalian system by many administration routes. Aspects that have not yet been covered by a sufficient number of reports for mathematical analysis, as well as mechanisms underlying trends, are discussed in the form of a critical review. In spite of the extraordinary diversity of bacteriophages and possible phage applications, the analysis revealed that phage morphology, phage specificity, phage dose, presence of sensitive bacteria or the characteristics of treated individuals (age, taxonomy) may affect phage bioavailability in animals and humans. However, once phages successfully enter the body, they reach most organs, including the central nervous system. Bacteriophages are cleared mainly by the immune system: innate immunity removes phages even when no specific response to bacteriophages has yet developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Research and Development Center, Regional Specialized Hospital, Wrocław, Poland
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Abstract
The human body is colonized by a diverse collective of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. The smallest entity of this microbial conglomerate are the bacterial viruses. Bacteriophages, or phages for short, exert significant selective pressure on their bacterial hosts, undoubtedly influencing the human microbiome and its impact on our health and well-being. Phages colonize all niches of the body, including the skin, oral cavity, lungs, gut, and urinary tract. As such our bodies are frequently and continuously exposed to diverse collections of phages. Despite the prevalence of phages throughout our bodies, the extent of their interactions with human cells, organs, and immune system is still largely unknown. Phages physically interact with our mucosal surfaces, are capable of bypassing epithelial cell layers, disseminate throughout the body and may manipulate our immune system. Here, I establish the novel concept of an "intra-body phageome," which encompasses the collection of phages residing within the classically "sterile" regions of the body. This review will take a phage-centric view of the microbiota, human body, and immune system with the ultimate goal of inspiring a greater appreciation for both the indirect and direct interactions between bacteriophages and their mammalian hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J Barr
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Manoutcharian K, Perez-Garmendia R, Gevorkian G. Recombinant Antibody Fragments for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 15:779-788. [PMID: 27697033 PMCID: PMC5771054 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x01666160930121647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant antibody fragments are promising alternatives to full-length immunoglobulins and offer important advantages compared with conventional monoclonal antibodies: extreme specificity, higher affinity, superior stability and solubility, reduced immunogenicity as well as easy and inexpensive large-scale production. OBJECTIVE In this article we will review and discuss recombinant antibodies that are being evaluated for neurodegenerative diseases in pre-clinical models and in clinical studies and will summarize new strategies that are being developed to optimize their stability, specificity and potency for advancing their use. METHODS Articles describing recombinant antibody fragments used for neurological diseases were selected (PubMed) and evaluated for their significance. RESULTS Different antibody formats such as single-chain fragment variable (scFv), single-domain antibody fragments (VHHs or sdAbs), bispecific antibodies (bsAbs), intrabodies and nanobodies, are currently being studied in pre-clinical models of cancer as well as infectious and autoimmune diseases and many of them are being tested as therapeutics in clinical trials. Immunotherapy approaches have shown therapeutic efficacy in several animal models of Alzheimer´s disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Huntington disease (HD), transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) and multiple sclerosis (MS). It has been demonstrated that recombinant antibody fragments may neutralize toxic extra- and intracellular misfolded proteins involved in the pathogenesis of AD, PD, DLB, FTD, HD or TSEs and may target toxic immune cells participating in the pathogenesis of MS. CONCLUSION Recombinant antibody fragments represent a promising tool for the development of antibody-based immunotherapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Manoutcharian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico DF. Mexico
| | - Roxanna Perez-Garmendia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico DF. Mexico
| | - Goar Gevorkian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Apartado Postal 70228, Cuidad Universitaria, Mexico DF, CP 04510, Mexico. 0
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Surface-Modified Nanocarriers for Nose-to-Brain Delivery: From Bioadhesion to Targeting. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10010034. [PMID: 29543755 PMCID: PMC5874847 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of nasal drug delivery, nose-to-brain delivery is among the most fascinating applications, directly targeting the central nervous system, bypassing the blood brain barrier. Its benefits include dose lowering and direct brain distribution of potent drugs, ultimately reducing systemic side effects. Recently, nasal administration of insulin showed promising results in clinical trials for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Nanomedicines could further contribute to making nose-to-brain delivery a reality. While not disregarding the need for devices enabling a formulation deposition in the nose’s upper part, surface modification of nanomedicines appears the key strategy to optimize drug delivery from the nasal cavity to the brain. In this review, nanomedicine delivery based on particle engineering exploiting surface electrostatic charges, mucoadhesive polymers, or chemical moieties targeting the nasal epithelium will be discussed and critically evaluated in relation to nose-to-brain delivery.
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Ma L, Green SI, Trautner BW, Ramig RF, Maresso AW. Metals Enhance the Killing of Bacteria by Bacteriophage in Human Blood. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2326. [PMID: 29396496 PMCID: PMC5797145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens are a major medical concern. E. coli, particularly the pathotype extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), is a leading cause of bloodstream infections. As natural parasites of bacteria, bacteriophages are considered a possible solution to treat patients infected with antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria. However, the development of phage as an anti-infective therapeutic is hampered by limited knowledge of the physiologic factors that influence their properties in complex mammalian environments such as blood. To address this barrier, we tested the ability of phage to kill ExPEC in human blood. Phages are effective at killing ExPEC in conventional media but are substantially restricted in this ability in blood. This phage killing effect is dependent on the levels of free metals and is inhibited by the anticoagulant EDTA. The EDTA-dependent inhibition of ExPEC killing is overcome by exogenous iron, magnesium, and calcium. Metal-enhanced killing of ExPEC by phage was observed for several strains of ExPEC, suggesting a common mechanism. The addition of metals to a murine host infected with ExPEC stimulated a phage-dependent reduction in ExPEC levels. This work defines a role for circulating metals as a major factor that is essential for the phage-based killing of bacteria in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Molecular Virology and Microbiology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sabrina I Green
- Molecular Virology and Microbiology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barbara W Trautner
- Michael E. Debakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert F Ramig
- Molecular Virology and Microbiology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anthony W Maresso
- Molecular Virology and Microbiology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Internalization of a polysialic acid-binding Escherichia coli bacteriophage into eukaryotic neuroblastoma cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1915. [PMID: 29203765 PMCID: PMC5715158 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic organisms are continuously exposed to bacteriophages, which are efficient gene transfer agents in bacteria. However, bacteriophages are considered not to pass the eukaryotic cell membrane and enter nonphagocytic cells. Here we report the binding and penetration of Escherichia coli PK1A2 bacteriophage into live eukaryotic neuroblastoma cells in vitro. The phage interacts with cell surface polysialic acid, which shares structural similarity with the bacterial phage receptor. Using fluorescence and electron microscopy, we show that phages are internalized via the endolysosomal route and persist inside the human cells up to one day without affecting cell viability. Phage capsid integrity is lost in lysosomes, and the phage DNA is eventually degraded. We did not detect the entry of phage DNA into the nucleus; however, we speculate that this might occur as a rare event, and propose that this potential mechanism could explain prokaryote–eukaryote gene flow. Eukaryotic organisms are continuously exposed to bacteriophages, but these are not thought to enter non-phagocytic cells. Here, Lehti et al. show that a bacteriophage can bind to a specific receptor on the surface of human neuroblastoma cells in vitro, and be internalized via the endolysosomal route.
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Abstract
Bacterial viruses are among the most numerous biological entities within the human body. These viruses are found within regions of the body that have conventionally been considered sterile, including the blood, lymph, and organs. However, the primary mechanism that bacterial viruses use to bypass epithelial cell layers and access the body remains unknown. Here, we used in vitro studies to demonstrate the rapid and directional transcytosis of diverse bacteriophages across confluent cell layers originating from the gut, lung, liver, kidney, and brain. Bacteriophage transcytosis across cell layers had a significant preferential directionality for apical-to-basolateral transport, with approximately 0.1% of total bacteriophages applied being transcytosed over a 2-h period. Bacteriophages were capable of crossing the epithelial cell layer within 10 min with transport not significantly affected by the presence of bacterial endotoxins. Microscopy and cellular assays revealed that bacteriophages accessed both the vesicular and cytosolic compartments of the eukaryotic cell, with phage transcytosis suggested to traffic through the Golgi apparatus via the endomembrane system. Extrapolating from these results, we estimated that 31 billion bacteriophage particles are transcytosed across the epithelial cell layers of the gut into the average human body each day. The transcytosis of bacteriophages is a natural and ubiquitous process that provides a mechanistic explanation for the occurrence of phages within the body. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect bacteria. They cannot infect eukaryotic cells but can penetrate epithelial cell layers and spread throughout sterile regions of our bodies, including the blood, lymph, organs, and even the brain. Yet how phages cross these eukaryotic cell layers and gain access to the body remains unknown. In this work, epithelial cells were observed to take up and transport phages across the cell, releasing active phages on the opposite cell surface. Based on these results, we posit that the human body is continually absorbing phages from the gut and transporting them throughout the cell structure and subsequently the body. These results reveal that phages interact directly with the cells and organs of our bodies, likely contributing to human health and immunity.
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44
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Yoo SY, Shrestha KR, Jeong SN, Kang JI, Lee SW. Engineered phage nanofibers induce angiogenesis. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:17109-17117. [PMID: 29087420 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03332j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we exploited a bioinspired M13 bacteriophage as an angiogenic nanofiber for soft tissue engineering applications. We demonstrated that engineered phage nanofibers induce angiogenesis with specific biochemical and topological cues. Specifically, nanofibrous phage structures provided a novel therapeutic platform for stem cell technologies in ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Yoo
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Ju Z, Sun W. Drug delivery vectors based on filamentous bacteriophages and phage-mimetic nanoparticles. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1898-1908. [PMID: 29191048 PMCID: PMC8241185 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1410259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of nanomedicine, a mass of nanocarriers have been exploited and utilized for targeted drug delivery, including liposomes, polymers, nanoparticles, viruses, and stem cells. Due to huge surface bearing capacity and flexible genetic engineering property, filamentous bacteriophage and phage-mimetic nanoparticles are attracting more and more attentions. As a rod-like bio-nanofiber without tropism to mammalian cells, filamentous phage can be easily loaded with drugs and directly delivered to the lesion location. In particular, chemical drugs can be conjugated on phage surface by chemical modification, and gene drugs can also be inserted into the genome of phage by recombinant DNA technology. Meanwhile, specific peptides/proteins displayed on the phage surface are able to conjugate with nanoparticles which will endow them specific-targeting and huge drug-loading capacity. Additionally, phage peptides/proteins can directly self-assemble into phage-mimetic nanoparticles which may be applied for self-navigating drug delivery nanovehicles. In this review, we summarize the production of phage particles, the identification of targeting peptides, and the recent applications of filamentous bacteriophages as well as their protein/peptide for targeting drug delivery in vitro and in vivo. The improvement of our understanding of filamentous bacteriophage and phage-mimetic nanoparticles will supply new tools for biotechnological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Ju
- Medicine College, Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Huaxi university town, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, College of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Huaxi university town, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
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Sebollela A, Cline EN, Popova I, Luo K, Sun X, Ahn J, Barcelos MA, Bezerra VN, Lyra E Silva NM, Patel J, Pinheiro NR, Qin LA, Kamel JM, Weng A, DiNunno N, Bebenek AM, Velasco PT, Viola KL, Lacor PN, Ferreira ST, Klein WL. A human scFv antibody that targets and neutralizes high molecular weight pathogenic amyloid-β oligomers. J Neurochem 2017; 142:934-947. [PMID: 28670737 PMCID: PMC5752625 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Brain accumulation of soluble oligomers of the amyloid-β peptide (AβOs) is increasingly considered a key early event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A variety of AβO species have been identified, both in vitro and in vivo, ranging from dimers to 24mers and higher order oligomers. However, there is no consensus in the literature regarding which AβO species are most germane to AD pathogenesis. Antibodies capable of specifically recognizing defined subpopulations of AβOs would be a valuable asset in the identification, isolation, and characterization of AD-relevant AβO species. Here, we report the characterization of a human single chain antibody fragment (scFv) denoted NUsc1, one of a number of scFvs we have identified that stringently distinguish AβOs from both monomeric and fibrillar Aβ. NUsc1 readily detected AβOs previously bound to dendrites in cultured hippocampal neurons. In addition, NUsc1 blocked AβO binding and reduced AβO-induced neuronal oxidative stress and tau hyperphosphorylation in cultured neurons. NUsc1 further distinguished brain extracts from AD-transgenic mice from wild type (WT) mice, and detected endogenous AβOs in fixed AD brain tissue and AD brain extracts. Biochemical analyses indicated that NUsc1 targets a subpopulation of AβOs with apparent molecular mass greater than 50 kDa. Results indicate that NUsc1 targets a particular AβO species relevant to AD pathogenesis, and suggest that NUsc1 may constitute an effective tool for AD diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Sebollela
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Erika N Cline
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Izolda Popova
- Recombinant Protein Production Core (rPPC), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Kevin Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Jay Ahn
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Milena A Barcelos
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa N Bezerra
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natalia M Lyra E Silva
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jason Patel
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Nathalia R Pinheiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lei A Qin
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Josette M Kamel
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Anthea Weng
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Nadia DiNunno
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Adrian M Bebenek
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Illinois Math and Science Academy, Aurora, Illinois, USA
| | - Pauline T Velasco
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Kirsten L Viola
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Pascale N Lacor
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - William L Klein
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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Bruce VJ, McNaughton BR. Inside Job: Methods for Delivering Proteins to the Interior of Mammalian Cells. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:924-934. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Barbu EM, Cady KC, Hubby B. Phage Therapy in the Era of Synthetic Biology. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2016; 8:cshperspect.a023879. [PMID: 27481531 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a023879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
For more than a century, bacteriophage (or phage) research has enabled some of the most important discoveries in biological sciences and has equipped scientists with many of the molecular biology tools that have advanced our understanding of replication, maintenance, and expression of genetic material. Phages have also been recognized and exploited as natural antimicrobial agents and nanovectors for gene therapy, but their potential as therapeutics has not been fully exploited in Western medicine because of challenges such as narrow host range, bacterial resistance, and unique pharmacokinetics. However, increasing concern related to the emergence of bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics has heightened interest in phage therapy and the development of strategies to overcome hurdles associated with bacteriophage therapeutics. Recent progress in sequencing technologies, DNA manipulation, and synthetic biology allowed scientists to refactor the entire bacterial genome of Mycoplasma mycoides, thereby creating the first synthetic cell. These new strategies for engineering genomes may have the potential to accelerate the construction of designer phage genomes with superior therapeutic potential. Here, we discuss the use of phage as therapeutics, as well as how synthetic biology can create bacteriophage with desirable attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle C Cady
- Synthetic Genomics, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Bolyn Hubby
- Synthetic Genomics, La Jolla, California 92037
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Pires DP, Cleto S, Sillankorva S, Azeredo J, Lu TK. Genetically Engineered Phages: a Review of Advances over the Last Decade. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:523-43. [PMID: 27250768 PMCID: PMC4981678 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00069-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Soon after their discovery in the early 20th century, bacteriophages were recognized to have great potential as antimicrobial agents, a potential that has yet to be fully realized. The nascent field of phage therapy was adversely affected by inadequately controlled trials and the discovery of antibiotics. Although the study of phages as anti-infective agents slowed, phages played an important role in the development of molecular biology. In recent years, the increase in multidrug-resistant bacteria has renewed interest in the use of phages as antimicrobial agents. With the wide array of possibilities offered by genetic engineering, these bacterial viruses are being modified to precisely control and detect bacteria and to serve as new sources of antibacterials. In applications that go beyond their antimicrobial activity, phages are also being developed as vehicles for drug delivery and vaccines, as well as for the assembly of new materials. This review highlights advances in techniques used to engineer phages for all of these purposes and discusses existing challenges and opportunities for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana P Pires
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sara Cleto
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sanna Sillankorva
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Azeredo
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Goldflam M, Ullman CG. Recent Advances Toward the Discovery of Drug-Like Peptides De novo. Front Chem 2015; 3:69. [PMID: 26734602 PMCID: PMC4683170 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2015.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides are important natural molecules that possess functions as diverse as antibiotics, toxins, venoms and hormones, for example. However, whilst these peptides have useful properties, there are many targets and pathways that are not addressed through the activities of natural peptidic compounds. In these circumstances, directed evolution techniques, such as phage display, have been developed to sample the diverse chemical and structural repertoire of small peptides for useful means. In this review, we consider recent concepts that relate peptide structure to drug-like attributes and how these are incorporated within display technologies to deliver peptides de novo with valuable pharmaceutical properties.
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